March 1976 - Fundación Transición Española
Transcripción
March 1976 - Fundación Transición Española
o o o ô o o o o c :: :• o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 o.o. o o o of • ? : TR ; m nd a ci ón ; Fu '• AN SI 1 pa ño la v 1 Es 1 tomorrow. W o r k e r s w i l l probably follow the pattern o f a ! f u n e r a l f o r a w o r k e r shot d e a d a demonstration outside at A l i c a n t e last w e e k a n d t u r n | the o c c a s i o n i n t o an antiGovernment demonstration. I n M a d r i d there w a s n o official announcement that t h e G o v e r n m e n t i n t e n d e d to h o l d an e m e r g e n c y cabinet m e e t i n g . I t t i s o f thousands of w o r k e r s S e ñ o r M a n u e l F r a g a I r i b a r n e , the I n t e r i o r M i n i s t e r , w h o i s w e n t o n s t r i k e today i n protest the police at t h e s h o o t i n g s . T h e t h i r d responsible _ for forces, was i n B o n n a n d s a i d v i c t i m , a 19-year-old s t u d e n t , died last night. A p o l i c e to be i n constant t o u c h w i t h i n s p e c t o r , w h o was b e l i e v e d to events i n t h e B a s q u e c o u n t r y . S e ñ o r Jose A n t o n i o M a r t i n e z hjive d i e d w h e n a p e t r o l b o m b e x p l o d e d , lost a n eye, a n d was S o l e r , d i r e c t o r o f a w e e k l y Doblón, was news magazine reported to be seriously i l l . beaten s e v e r e l y y e s t e r d a y w h e n • I n P a m p l o n a , r i o t p o l i c e f i r e d he came o u t of h i s h o m e i n r o b b e r b u l l e t s i n t o t h e a i r to M a d r i d . F o u r masked m e n b r e a k u p g r o u p s of w o r k e r s w e r e s a i d t o h a v e t a k e n h i m t r y i n g t o g e t t o g e t h e r f o r a to a v i l l a g e a b o u t 50 m i l e s outd e m o n s t r a t i o n . T h e p o l i c e also side M a d r i d a n d left h i m t i e d t o r e d o w n b a r r i c a d e s i n tire u p i n a forest after h i s face streets a n d there were reports was cut a n d sprayed w i t h a o f m a n y arrests. chemical liquid. Illegal organizations, includI t is b e l i e v e d h i s attackers irtg t h e W o r k e r s ' P a r t y i n P a m - w e r e m e m b e r s o f the e x t r e m e p l o n a , V i t o r i a a n d other B a s q u e r i g h t - w i n g o r g a n i z a t i o n . W a r t o w n s , c o n t i n u e d to c a l l a " d a y r i o r s o f C h r i s t the K i n g , a n d of struggle". U n c o n f i r m e d that t h e a t t a c k was p r o m p t e d r e p o r t s r e a c h i n g M a d r i d s a i d b y a r t i c l e s c r i t i c a l o f t h e Gova general strike was planned ernment. Señor Martinez for t o m o r r o w f o r t h e w h o l e of m a n a g e d to free h i m s e l f a n d the B a s q u e c o u n t r y . r e p o r t t h e i n c i d e n t to p o l i c e . ' M o s t shops, banks a n d a l l T h e p o l i c e have a r r e s t e d 32 factories i n V i t o r i a were closed. workers i n Alcalá de Henares, Many shop windows were outside M a d r i d . I n M a d r i d the s m a s h e d y e s t e r d a y a n d some police fined two lawyers £750 shops were looted. I t was without trial for attending a believed that m a n y of the b i g workers' meeting on Tuesday. factories, l i k e t h e M i c h e l i n tyre S e ñ o r a L o l a Gaos, a w e l l - k n o w n which employs 4,000 plant actress w h o w a s a r r e s t e d w i t h people, w i l l remain closed u n t i l them, w a s s t i l l being h e l d at Monday. the p o l i c e h e a d q u a r t e r s . T h e f u n e r a l s o f t h e three v i c Leading article, page 15 t i m s a r e e x p e c t e d t o take p l a c e F r o m Our Correspondent /} Madrid, March 4 \S P o l i c e a n d c i v i l guards p u t o n a m a s s i v e s h o w of s t r e n g t h today i n the Basque country after t h e v i o l e n t clashes i n V i t o r i a , where t w o students a b d a w o r k e r have been k i l l e d a n d m o r e than 100 p e o p l e i n j u r e d by police bullets. N M a d r i d , M a r c h 3 . — A f t e r 100 days i n office, K i n g J u a n C a r l o s a p p e a r e d today to be c o m i n g hay c h a l l e n g e d t h e r e g i m e t h a t to an e n d . B u t at t h e s a m e t i m e put h i m o n t h e t h r o n e to cob a k e r s i n M a d r i d started a gooperate i n democratic reforms s l o w , r e d u c i n g p r o d u c t i o n of or answer to t h e S p a n i s h b r e a d b y 50 p e r c e n t . I people. An estimated 12,000 l o r r y d r i v e r s o u t of a t o t a l of 21,000 Saying he might call a i n M a d r i d went b a c k to w o r k national referendum o r use this morning. D e l i v e r i e s of " exceptional measures", the l f r u i t , vegetables a n d fish a r e i K i n g yesterday told h i s o w n e x p e c t e d to be b a c k t o n o r m a l ; a d v i s o r y b o d y , t h e C o u n c i l of by Friday. - i | t h e R e a l m , that t h e y m u s t h e l p i The situation i n the provinces : h i m b r i n g about " the p r o f o u n d , not immediately clear. was reforms the country n e e d s " . I f ; Gangs o f p i c k e t s have been ' not, t h e K i n g i n d i c a t e d , t h e h o l d i n g u p some l o r r i e s , w h i c h Crown w o u l d n o t hesitate to have not taken part i n the bypass t h e m w i t h i t s c o n s t i t u s t r i k e , a n d i n some cases have ! t i o n a l p o w e r s , some o f t h e punctured tyres. P a r a m i l i t a r y i strongest i n E u r o p e . c i v i l g u a r d s m e n h a v e accomT h e C o u n c i l , c o m p o s e d of 16. p a n i e d some l o r r i e s i n t r o u b l e d i m e m b e r s , is S p a i n ' s most power-, districts. ' ful and conservative group. L o r r i e s b e l o n g i n g to t h e t o w n T h e f i r s t r e a c t i o n s f r o m both h a l l a n d the port a u t h o r i t i e s i n those i n a n d o u t of p o w e r w e r e ; . C o r u n n a were used today t o m i x e d . B u t t h e r e was g e n e r a l , , t r a n s p o r t 250 tons of fish to t h e a g r e e m e n t that t h e 38-year-old r a i l w a y s t a t i o n f o r d e l i v e r y to ] m o n a r c h , h i s G o v e r n m e n t ' s ere-' M a d r i d . T h e fish was i n danger V i dibility eclipsed by strikes and ; of rotting i f not q u i c k l y moved. p o l i t i c a l c r i t i c i s m , was t r y i n g A lorry driver i n the city, who j to strengthen his personal role, r e f u s e d to take p a r t i n t h e j as w e l l as s u p p o r t i n g t h e n e w s t r i k e , was a t t a c k e d last n i g h t ; C a b i n e t ' s efforts to l i b e r a l i z e by pickets. • after 40 y e a r s of r i g h t - w i n g Bakers, pressing for higher dictatorship. ' wages, a r r i v e d at w o r k f o u r • A high Government official h o u r s l a t e this m o r n i n g a n d 1 d e s c r i b e d t h e K i n g ' s speech to are w o r k i n g very slowly. t h e C o u n c i l as " t h e o r e t i c a l " . P o l i c e a r r e s t e d o n e of t h e B u t a l e a d i n g press e x e c u t i v e c o u n t r y ' s best k n o w n actresses, . said it was " a remarkably | L o l a Gaos, a n d two l a w y e r s yes• s t r a i g h t f o r w a r d w a r n i n g to t h e ,' ; t e r d a y after t h e y a t t e n d e d a • C o u n c i l to s h a » e u n w i t h 1 9 7 6 " . H e a d d e d : " I t challenges the j ' s t r i k e r s ' meeting i n A r a n j u e z o u t s i d e M a d r i d . S e ñ o r a Gaos, entrenched R i g h t " k n o w n for her dissident political .' Political sources said the j •i a c t i v i t i e s , was t a k e n to p o l i c e ' K i n g ' s speech w a s a s i g n a l to f headquarters. Workers had Spain's conservative, nona s k e d h e r to a t t e n d t h e i r meet• elected Parliament to p u s h . • i n g t o a c t as m e d i a t o r b e t w e e n . ' ' through the reforms the G o v - , them a n d their employers. ' e m i n e n t is a s k i n g for. T h e f i r s t . Two Basque priests have is to r e s t o r e t h e r i g h t of j been released f r o m t h e s p e c i a l I a s s e m b l y , f o r b i d d e n b y t h e late clergymen's prison at Zamora, G e n e r a l F r a n c o ever s i n c e h e j u n d e r t h e t e r m s of K i n g J u a n :' i w o n t h e S p a n i s h c i v i l w a r i n ' : C a r l o s ' s g e n e r a l p a r d o n , after • 1939. I s e r v i n g seven years of 12 y e a r K i n g Juan Carlos, w h o was : sentences f o r a c t i v i t i e s i n c o n i c h o s e n b y F r a n c o as h i s sue- I ' nexion with the court martial cessor, t o l d the "Council he ; j o f m e m b e r s of t h e B a s q u e sepa! w a n t e d to c o o p e r a t e a n d c o n organization, E T A , i n f s u i t w i t h t h e m . B u t h e n o t e d £ •: ; r a t i s t j 1969. T h e r e a r e n o w o n l y t w o ' that i n t h e last instance, h e was ; p r i e s t s left i n the prison, which the f i n a l a u t h o r i t y . •' m a y be c l o s e d d o w n soon. T h e G o v e r n m e n t of S e ñ o r M a d r i d , M a r c h 3 . — S p a i n has 5 '. C a r l o s A r i a s is e x p e c t e d to ask b i g democratic I P a r l i a m e n t to agree to a refer- j j to u n d e r g o changes before i t c a n b e c o m e ; endum, perhaps this c o m i n g ' a m e m b e r of t h e E u r o p e a n E c o • summer or autumn on changing ' ; nomic Community, M r Richard the c o m p o s i t i o n of the P a r l i a - ^ M o o r e , s e c r e t a r y g e n e r a l of t h e • m e n t so t h a t its m e m b e r s w i l l L i b e r a l Internationa], said here j be elected b y 1977. /• today. The King, i n effect, w a M r M o o r e t o l d a press conj w a r n i n g both the C o u n c i l a n f e r e n c e that r e f o r m s i n postI P a r l i a m e n t n o t to d a l l y w i f F r a n c o S p a i n h a d n o t y e t gone s u c h p r o j e c t s , p o l i t i c a l sourc : as far as t h e y s h o u l d . " W e w i l l ; said.-^p * have to have v e r y b i g changes If H a r r y Oebelius writes f r o m before w e c a n c a l l S p a i n a f u l l jl M a d r i d : T h e 11-day s t r i k e b y d e m o c r a c y . S p a i n m u s t be a "I . lorry drivers, which has f u l l d e m o c r a c y i f s h e w i s h e s to . severely reduced some food j o i n t h e C o m m o n M a r k e t . " — XJvy supplies i n Spanish markets, Reuter. Basques stage strike after police kill three and wound many more C IÓ WEST EUROPE. i" g of Spain warn&¿ lis councillors not $ rin dallv with reforms HI o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o r-í.',Vi'.-' ...i,V... . , j-ij.,^.. o o"o 9 , 9 Q.Q..,Q..Q..Q...Q...c..Q,o., Q o o Q 2^4QOO O o Spanish priests accuse police of homicide Insults for police fat Spanish ¡funeral C o n t i n u e d f r o m page 1 At the M a s s f o l l o w i n g a s e r m o n i n w h i c h the R o m a n Catholic priests of Vitoria c a l l e d the dead m e n " m a r t y r s of the p e o p l e - " a n d a c c u s e d the p o l i c e of u n j u s t i f i e d v i o l e n c e , a l a b o u r l e a d e r w h o is o n the r u n f r o m the p o l i t i c a l p o l i c e stood i n the p u l p i t a n d c a l l e d for a g e n e r a l s t r i k e t h r o u g h out the B a s q u e c o u n t r y n e x t Monday. F r o m Harry Debelius considered themselves authori z e d to r a i d , c h u r c h e s to b r e a k up unauthorized meetings. T h e s e r m o n r e p r e s e n t e d the biggest c o n f r o n t a t i o n b e t w e e n the C h u r c h a n d the G o v e r n m e n t since General Franco's Governm e n t a t t e m p t e d o v e r a y e a r ago to e x i l e t h e B i s h o p or B i l b a o , M g r A n t o n i o AnoveroS. It s a i d : " T h e C h u r c h wants to be . . . a w o r k e r f o r peace, a b u i l d e r of j u s t i c e i n the s e a r c h f o r freedom ". It d e n o u n c e d the " profanat i o n " not o n l y of the c h u r c h b u t of h u m a n l i v e s b y the autho r i t i e s , s a y i n g t h a t the v i c t i m s " w e r e not c r i m i n a l s , were not | disturbing public order, and w e r e not e v e n d i s r e s p e c t f u l i n our t e m p l e " . T h e f a t a l r a i d o n the c h u r c h o n W e d n e s d a y , i n the w o r d s Of the s e r m o n , was a n act o f " extreme v i o l e n c e " , c a r r i e d out " against a l l r e a s o n a n d necess i t y " . T h e priests added that the a c t i o n of the authorities d e s e r v e d " the a b s o l u t e c o n d e m n a t i o n of e v e r y m a n w h o t o d a y c o n s i d e r s h i m s e l f w o r t h y of t h a t name ". T h e w o r k e r s ' deaths were " absolutely u n j u s t i f i e d " and m u s t t h e r e f o r e be c o n s i d e r e d as what they r e a l l y , were, homic i d e . . . . T h e r e i s no excuse for t h e m . . . . T h o s e w h o c a l l themselves g u a r d i a n s of the l a w h a v e t u r n e d out to be its most serious violators " . The Government tonight said t h a t i t w o u l d not t o l e r a t e acts of violence by subversive groups and w o u l d r e m a i n f i r m i n i t s d e s i r e to m a i n t a i n p u b l i c order. Señor Adolfo Martin G a m e r o , the M i n i s t e r of Inform a t i o n a n d T o u r i s m , s a i d at a press c o n f e r e n c e t h a t the Gove r n m e n t was b e h i n d the p o l i c e p - o n at V i t o r i a o n W e d n e s day. out he also s a i d t h a t acts of v i o l e n c e w o u l d not stop the Government going ahead with its p l a n s to a l l o w g r e a t e r freedom. A B i l l a m p l i f y i n g the j r i g h t of p o l i t i c a l association w o u l d be s e n t to the C o r t e s Es N C IÓ AN SI , : pa ño la Vitoria, Spain, M a r c h 5 P r o b a b l y the most massive n o n - v i o l e n t act of defiance i n 40 years o f S p a n i s h h i s t o r y took p l a c e i n t h i s B a s q u e c i t y today as thousands of p e o p l e a t t e n d i n g S e i i o r J e s u s Naves r e p e a t e d the demands for w h i c h he s a i d a funeral insulted armed police the v i c t i m s h a d d i e d . A g e n e r a l w i t h s i l e n t gestures. p a y rise f o r m e t a l w o r k e r s of I n s u l t i n g the p o l i c e has been about £ 5 0 p e r m o n t h ; a 40 to a c o u r t m a r t i a l offence, even 42-hour w o r k i n g w e e k ; one for c i v i l i a n s , ever since G e n e r a l month's h o l i d a y ; m o r e p a y f o r F r a n c o o v e r t h r e w the s e c o n d persons o n s i c k leave a n d reS p a n i s h r e p u b l i c . B u t the p e o p l e t i r e m e n t at 60. H e s a i d that, of V i t o r i a d i d not s e e m to care f o l l o w i n g w h a t he c a l l e d the t o d a y as they m o u r n e d t h e i r " massacre " , t h e r e w o u l d be a n dead. a d d i t i o n a l d e m a n d : the release of a l l a r r e s t e d l a b o u r leaders. T e n s of t h o u s a n d s of m o u r n i'-.i ers walked from the new T h e f u n e r a l s e r m o n was writc a t h e d r a l after a R e q u i e m M a s s t e n j o i n t l y by the priests of the for t h r e e w o r k e r s w h o were diocese with the bishop's a p p r o v a l . I t s a i d : " T h e forces shot d e a d by p o l i c e o n W e d n e s used death-dealing arms in day. T h e y a c c o m p a n i e d the cofa b s u r d a b u n d a n c e , i n a comfins of the v i c t i m s w h i c h w e r e pletely i r r a t i o n a l way, without b o r n e o n the s h o u l d e r s of t h e i r p r i o r w a r n i n g , against a defriends. "Sí fenceless c r o w d w h i c h h a d gone ' T h e p o l i c e s t a y e d away f r o m out of its w a y to a v o i d a n y the c a t h e d r a l , a p p a r e n t l y at the k i n d of p r o v o c a t i o n " . r e q u e s t of the R o m a n C a t h o l i c I n the s e r m o n , the clergyb i s h o p , M g r P e r a l t a . B u t thoumen said : " W e hereby demand sands of h e a v i l y a r m e d p o l i c e that the j u d i c i a l authorities were on duty round public undertake an investigation of buildings along the route the events, that t h e y p r o c e e d t h r o u g h the s t r i k e - b o u n d c i t y to to i d e n t i f y the authors, that the c e m e t e r y . they d e t e r m i n e the responsiT h e i n s u l t s to the p o l i c e , who b i l i t i e s i n v o l v e d h e r e a n d that h a d b e e n accused f r o m the p u l they p r o c e e d to a r r e s t the p i t of " h o m i c i d e " , c a m e o n the g u i l t y ones. O n l y a r a p i d , c l e a r way to the cemetery. The a n d effective a c t i o n c a n a l l o w f u n e r a l cortege m a d e a d e l i b e r us to h o p e that the force of ate detour to pass by the headl a w a n d not the l a w of f o r c e . . . w i l l r u l e i n the f u t u r e " . q u a r t e r s o f the p r o v i n c i a l government, where grey uniformed T h e p r i e s t r e a d i n g the sers e c u r i t y p o l i c e m e n , w e a r i n g face mon s a i d that t h e r e was no shields a n d h e l m e t s , a n d parajustification whatever for m i l i t a r y c i v i l guards stood t h r e e p o l i c e o p e n i n g f i r e at the S a n r a n k s deep, a r m e d w i t h subFrancisco church on A s h Wedmachineguns, rifles, pistols and nesday. H e s a i d the c h u r c h e s other weapons. A helicopter w o u l d c o n t i n u e to be a v a i l a b l e flew overhead. for w o r k e r s ' assemblies. This was i n defiance o f a G o v e r n A s the c r o w d passed b y the ment announcement published p o l i c e t h e r e were a few e x c i t e d y e s t e r d a v . . " " ' " ° that »*• '': shouts of " K i l l e r s " a n d occas i o n a l r h y t h m i c c l a p p i n g to the beat of Libertad,. Libertad (" f r e e d o m , f r e e d o m " ) . B u t f o r the most p a r t the huge c r o w d of m o u r n e r s k e p t s i l e n t . Some F r o m Harry Debelius A t a press conference given; w o r k . W e a r e g o i n g to lift up h a d tears i n t h e i r eyes as they by the t w o ministers, today' the: c o u n t r y . T h i s i s , what the Vitoria, March 7 f i l e d b y the g o v e r n m e n t headSeñor Manuel Fraga, the s h o r t l y before, they r e t u r n e d to' c o u n t r y n e e d s . I f a n y o n e wants quarters. " S p a n i s h I n t e r i o r M i n i s t e r , l e f t M a d r i d , i t was revealed 'that the a f i g h t he w i l l have' i t . " I t was t h e r e that thousands has named ap this t r o u b l e d B a s q u e c i t y t h i s G o v e r n m e n t Referring to the workers' of m o u r n e r s r a i s e d t h e i r h a n d s afternoon after a h u r r i e d a n d a r b i t r a t o r i n the V i t o r i a : l a b o u r demands,, w h i c h i n c l u d e a 40V w i t h o u t a w o r d a n d m a d e the •• ft •,•//>''>' '':.>•"• h e c k l e d v i s i t i n w h i c h he p r o - d i s p u t e . h o u r w o r k i n g week, r e t i r e m e n t two-fingered gesture which S e ñ o r M a r t í n V i l l a stud' that at 60, one m o n t h ' s h o l i d a y a means " c uU c k o l d " , the u l t i m a t e fi mised : " If anyone wants a a V i t o r i a m a g i s t r a t e , w h o m he y e a r , a . . g e n e r a l ^ r i s e of n e a r l y Insult for any SpaAlard!' Other f gJ?t, he will get it." T h e m i n i s t e r a r r i v e d here b y d e s c r i b e d as " n e u t r a l " , h a d ' £50 a m o n t h a n d r e e m p l o y m e n t mourners made the V-sign. helicopter yesterday e v e n i n g , a g r e e d t o m e d i a t e a n d ; t h a t the'! of those;, who w e r e d i s m i s s e d P o l i c e f i n g e r e d t h e i r guns a n d accompanied by Señor Rodolfo h e l d t h e i r g r o u n d , but d i d not M a r t i n V i l l a , the m i n i s t e r i n m a n a g e m e n t o f F o r j a » A l a v e s a s * f o r t h e i r .part i n t h e s t r i k e , the w h e r e the " s t r i k e s . : began . o n . m i n i s t e r s a i d : " I t is n o t pos^ shoot. ' t'< \ c h a r g e of the state-run t r a d e J a n u a r y 9, h a d a g r e e d to accept .sible to accept a n a r c h i s t or C o n t i n u e d o n page 4, c o l 1 bunions, a n d L i e u t e n a n t - G e n e r a l his d e c i s i o n s . * .Utopian demands." •..' ' A n g e l Campano López, director H e also said t h a t the manageLast night, police again of the C i v i l G u a r d p a r a m i l i t a r y m e n t of the f a c t o r y was w i l l i n g b r o k e up demonstrations here. police. to reinstate sacked workers. T h e i r visit, p r o m p t e d by the " W e f e e l t h a t we have a c c o m - In one s e v e r a l h u n d r e d p e o p l e fatal s h o o t i n g o f three w o r k e r s p l i s h e d a good d e a l w i t h the g a t h e r e d outside the headquarj by p o l i c e i n V i t o r i a l a s t W e d - a n n u l m e n t of t h e d i s m i s s a l s " , ters of t h e p r o v i n c i a l government, s h o u t i n g : " F r a g a , k i l l e r " nesday, c o i n c i d e d w i t h the news he s a i d . a n d o t h e r slogans. N o shots that another w o r k e r i n j u r e d in T h e I n t e r i o r M i n i s t e r h i n t e d were f i r e d . a clash with p o l i c e o n F r i d a y Government might in the eastern coastal c i t y of t h a t the W h e n S e i i o r F r a g a v i s i t e d in even be d i s p o s e d to a c c e p t T a r r a g o n a , h a d d i e d . H i s death h o s p i t a l some of the a p p r o x i involving the b r o u g h t the t o t a l of w o r k e r s negotiations mately 60 people i n j u r e d by k i l l e d i n c o n f r o n t a t i o n s w i t h the i l l e g a l workers'- c o m m i s s i o n s . p o l i c e bullets, he was i n s u l t e d p o l i c e i n the p a s t - two weeks R e m i n d e d t h a t the s t r i k e r s at by some of t h e m . T h e wife of F o r j a s A l a v e s a s a n d o t h e r facto five. one i n j u r e d m a n d e m a n d e d that t o r i e s h a d refused to recognize D u r i n g his o v e r n i g h t v i s i t . t h e a u t h o r i t y of the state-run those r e s p o n s i b l e f o r the k i l l ings a n d i n j u r i e s be b r o u g h t to S e ñ o r F r a g a was i n f o r m e d of unions, S e ñ o r F r a g a s a i d : " W e demands b y the R o m a n C a t h o l i c do n o t e x c l u d e a n y reasonable t r i a l . c l e r g y of V i t o r i a a n d others to f o r m of n e g o t i a t i o n . " A b o u t 200,000 people are on b r i n g to j u s t i c e those respons t r i k e t h r o u g h o u t the c o u n t r y R e j e c t i n g a suggestion that a n d t h i s number, is e x p e c t e d to s i b l e f o r the f a t a l s h o o t i n g s . A f o u r - p o i n t s t a t e m e n t w h i c h he the G o v e r n m e n t p e r h a p s h a d increase t o m o r r o w . C l a n d e s t i n e i s s u e d last n i g h t , j o i n t l y w i t h acted too late i n s e e k i n g a s o l u - l a b o u r leaders have c a l l e d for the p r o v i n c i a l a u t h o r i t i e s , re- t i o n to the l a b o u r c o n f l i c t h e r e , a general strike tomorrow gretted " the very s e r i o u s S e ñ o r F r a g a s n a p p e d : " W e are t h r o u g h o u t the Basque r e g i o n . d e t e r i o r a t i o n o f p e a c e " , but i t d o i n g e v e r y d i i n g we c a n i n W o r k stoppages have a l r e a d y r e f o r m s , o c c u r r e d o v e r the w e e k e n d i n d i d n o t s p e c i f i c a l l y express re- t e r m s of e c o n o m i c many other cities. I n P a m p l o n a gret for the w o r k e r s ' deaths, d e m o c r a t i c measures. their guns but nor d i d it p r o m i s e any i n v e s t i " If y o u l i k e , a l l of us are to p o l i c e f i r e d gation. . blame, y o u too. W e are g o i n g to a p p a r e n t l y d i d not hit anyone. In Other p a r t s of the Country t h e r e were s i m i l a r i n c i d e n t s I A b o u t ' 20 p e o p l e began, a h u n g e r s t r i k e i n the S a n A n t o n i c h u r c b i n B i l b a o yesterday to p r o t e s t against p o l i c e v i o l e n c e . In the southern c i t y of C a d i z , about 100 p e o p l e j o i n e d i n mass p r a y e r s f o r the same reason. In V i t o r i a itself, p o l i c e ; ; cont i n u e d to eject w o r k e r s f r o m :,-';,' .',, • churches. ., T t i " B i l b a o , ; s e c r e t police | a r r e s t e d p o l i t i c a l suspects i n the e a r l y h o u r s o f yesterday. T h e exact n u m b e r was n o t revealed. • , . . T h e S o c i a l i s t F e d e r a t i o n of the p r o v i n c e of A l a v a issued a statement c a l l i n g f o r Señor F r a g a to be b r o u g h t to t r i a l in c o n n e x i o n w i t h the shootings and a s k i n g f o r " the o v e r t h r o w of the fascist m o n a r c h y " . A t i g h t e n i n g of censorship, w h i c h was r e l a x e d after G e n e r a l F r a n c o ' s death, i s n o w evident. T h e latest issue of a l e a d i n g n a t i o n a l w e e k l y . Sábado Gráfico, was seized by p o l i c e f r o m the news stands after many copies ¡ had been sold. The magazine c a r r i e d two possibly objectionable articles, one ; c r i t i c i z i n g the F i n a n c e M i n i s t e r J a n d another e n t i t l e d : " F r a n c o ism without Franco ". Censors also r e m o v e d several shows f r o m the p r o g r a m m e s o f j rbe state-run t e l e v i s i o n n e t w o r k Í last week. T h o s e b a n n e d i n - f e l u d e d one s t a r r i n g two protest j singers, a f i l m d i r e c t e d byj B u n u e l , and a c r i t i c a l con-| sumers guide-type c o m m e n t a r y " 1 ón TR Spanish minister promises opponents a fight nd a ci : Fu : 4r'tt:?i&:.\: í,:•,éí--".vte: ; o o oop o poo It was l e a r n t h e r e t o d a y that!; the last of the f o u r V i t o r i a [ s h o o t i n g v i c t i m s to d i e , S e ñ o r I J o s é C a s t i l l o , aged 43, h a d n o t ! even t a k e n p a r t i n any demons t r a t i o n . H e was shot i n f r o n t ! of his h o m e w h e n he t r i e d to \ m o v e his n e w c a r out o f the way o f the d i s t u r b a n c e i n the street. Señor Juan Pardo, a Vitoria magistrate appointed o n Sunday as an a r b i t r a t o r i n the s t r i k e s by S e ñ o r R o d o l f o M a r t i n V i l l a , , the M i n i s t e r for d i e state-rim t r a d e u n i o n s , spent y e s t e r d a y afternoon a n d m u c h of today l i s t e n i n g to the a r g u m e n t s of d i s m i s s e d w o r k e r s a n d of representatives of the m a n a g e m e n t of the factory, w h e r e the s t r i k e s began on J a n u a r y 9. Bilbao, M a r c h 8.—Riot police f i r e d t e a r gas a n d used clubs l a t e r i n the day to d i s p e r s e a b o u t 5,000 p e o p l e l i n i n g the m a i n street of B a s a u r i shouting : " M u r d e r e r s , m u r d e r e r s " at the p o l i c e . ! ur\ o oo ¡WEST EUROPE. Visit may prepare way for renunciation by Spanish King's father General Franco's choice of Juan 7?rom O u r C o r r e s p o n d e n t C a r l o s as K i n g . L a t e r the b a n I lad rid, M a r c h 9 was l i f t e d . 'f 1 K i n g Juan Carlos met his A n estimated 150,000 w o r k e r s t a m e r , D o n J u a n , the C o u n t o f are s t i l l o u t o n s t r i k e i n t h e t J a r c e l o n a , h e r e today as wideB a s q u e c o u n t r y . W o r k e r s at s p r e a d s t r i k e s c o n t i n u e d i n the m a n y factories r e t u r n e d to w o r k -S Basque c o u n t r y a n d t h e c o u r t t h i s m o r n i n g to h o l d meetings / m a r t i a l of n i n e m i l i t a r y officers w h e r e they d e c i d e d to c o n t i n u e jentered i t s second d a y i n t h e i r strikes u n t i l a l l those Madrid. arrested i n incidents over the I D o n Juan had l u n c h with his past week w e r e r e l e a s e d . ^son at t h e Z a r z u e l a palace outI n Basauri, near Bilbao, where i s i d e M a d r i d a n d was r e t u r n i n g y o u t h was k i l l e d , about I to h i s h o m e i n E s t o r i l , P o r t u g a l , a [ this e v e n i n g . D o n J u a n i s the 20,000 p e o p l e demonstrated to• c l a i m a n t t o t h e S p a n i s h t h r o n e , day. T h e p o l i c e d i d not b r e a k ' b u t G e n e r a l F r a n c o passed o v e r u p t h e d e m o n s t r a t i o n . the l i b e r a l c o u n t w h e n he A t the c o u r t m a r t i a l o f a n a p p o i n t e d h i s son as f u t u r e A r m y m a j o r a n d e i g h t captains K i n g i n 1969. n e a r M a d r i d , C o l o n e l L u i s Saez, S p e c u l a t i o n t h a t D o n J u a n p r o s e c u t i n g , t o d a y a s k e d f o r the w o u l d r e n o u n c e h i s c l a i m to the charge of p l o t t i n g s e d i t i o n to t h r o n e was i n c r e a s e d b y h i s be c h a n g e d to the m o r e serious v i s i t . U n c o n f i r m e d r e p o r t s have one of p l o t t i n g m i l i t a r y r e b e l b e e n c i r c u l a t i n g f o r some t i m e l i o n . B u t he d i d not ask f o r that he w i l l abdicate i n f a v o u r the d e m a n d e d sentences, rangof h i s s o n as h e a d o f t h e B o u r - i n g f r o m t h r e e to 12 years, to b o n d y n a s t y , t h u s r e s t o r i n g the be changed. A l l but one of the defendants, m o n a r c h i s t l e g i t i m a c y o f the C a p t a i n R u i z C i l l e r o , refused to l i n e o f succession. Two weeks ago h i s press g i v e evidence as a protest at secretary denied n e w s p a p e r the b a n n i n g b y m i l i t a r y a u t h o r i r e p o r t s t h a t . h e w o u l d r e n o u n c e ties of c i v i l i a n l a w y e r s . C o l o n e l his c l a i m s soon. D o n J u a n has Saez s a i d the a c c u s e d b e l o n g e d m a d e i t k n o w n t h a t he m i g h t to the i l l e g a l D e m o c r a t i c M i l i Union a n d that thenbe w i l l i n g to do so w h e n democ- t a r y r a c y i s r e s t o r e d to S p a i n . H e actions i m p e r i l l e d the u n i t y o f , w a s a d v i s e d b y the S p a n i s h the a r m e d forces. M a j o r Jose L a c a l l e , d e f e n d i n g , G o v e r n m e n t last s u m m e r not to v i s i t S p a i n after he mad e a s a i d t h e accused h a d d e n i e d speech f r o m E s t o r i l c r i t i c i z i n g t h e i r m e m b e r s h i p of the u n i o n . 12 years' jail sought for dissident officers ci A s the f i r s t p o l i t i c a l t r i a l of officers s i n c e G e n e r a l F r a n c o came to p o w e r i n 1939 took place i n t h e m i l i t a r y c a m p at H o y o de M a n z a n a r e s , 25 m i l e s n o r t h o f M a d r i d , p o l i c e i n the c a p i t a l took u p k e y p o s i t i o n s to p r e v e n t demonstrations o v e r i t a n d to stop any demonstrations i n s y m p a t h y w i t h the g e n e r a l s t r i k e c a l l e d for today i n the Basque region. parachute brigade, Captain Manuel Fernando Lago, cavalry, and Captain Jesus Martin C o n s u e g r a , i n f a n t r y ; s i x years for C a p t a i n J o s é F o r t e s B o u z a n and Captain José Fernando R e l i e n , i n f a n t r y ; f o u r years f o r Captain Antonio Garcia Marquez, a r t i l l e r y ; and three years for C a p t a i n Jesus R u i z Cillero, A i r Force. T h e officers were accused of " p r o p o s i n g s e d i t i o n " , a n d also of being members of the illegal Democratic Military Union (UDM), which was f o r m e d about two years ago as a non-partisan body among officers c a l l i n g for f a r - r e a c h i n g d e m o c r a t i c r e f o r m s . T h e r e are a n e s t i m a t e d 1,000 m e m b e r s . Another A i r Force captain was c i t e d i n the p r o s e c u t i o n . H e is C a p t a i n Jose D o m i n g u e z , who fled to P a r i s last s u m m e r j u s t before he was about to be a r r e s t e d i n c o n n e x i o n w i t h the o t h e r officers s t a n d i n g t r i a l . S i n c e f l e e i n g to P a r i s he has acted as the s p o k e s m a n for the UDM. The Government has i s s u e d a n o r d e r f o r his a r r e s t s h o u l d he r e t u r n to S p a i n . Fu nd a T h e p r o s e c u t i o n is a s k i n g for 12 _ y e a r s ' i m p r i s o n m e n t for M a j o r L u i s Otero, a member of a n engineers r e g i m e n t , a n d C a p t a i n F e r m í n I b a r r a , of the artillery; eight years for C a p t a i n R e s t i t u t o V a l e r o , of a The p r o s e c u t i o n s a i d that M a j o r Otero and. C a p t a i n I b a r r a w e r e leaders of the organization. Only Captain Garcia and Captain Ruiz admitted being m e m b e r s , a n d t h e rest d e n i e d a n y c o n n e x i o n w i t h the organization. TR D o c u m e n t s b e l o n g i n g to the Armed Forces Portuguese M o v e m e n t , the S p a n i s h C o m m u n i s t P a r t y a n d the Democratic Military Union were f o u n d i n the h o m e s o f an A r m y major and eight captains, a c c o r d i n g to a n i n v e s t i g a t i n g j u d g e at t h e c o u r t m a r t i a l of the o f f i c e r s , w h i c h b e g a n h e r e today. ón F r o m Our Correspondent Madrid, March 8 OOPocc pa ño la by clandestine labour leaders was b e i n g h e e d e d . In B i l b a o , San Sebastian a n d p o s s i b l y o t h e r B a s q u e cities, p o l i c e c o n t i n u e d to r o u n d u p political leaders. suspected A m o n g those t a k e n i n t o c u s t o d y w e r e a l l e g e d m e m b e r s of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE), Workers' Trade U n i o n ( U S O ) a n d the A n t i - C a p i t a l i s t M o v e m e n t of the S i x t h A s s e m b l y o f the E T A separatist j movement. R e q u i e m masses f o r the d e a d i were said i n many Basque j towns a n d c i t i e s . A mass h e r e ; t o d a y was attended b y s e v e r a l ; thousand. A sermon, written! jointly by a number of Roman f C a t h o l i c p r i e s t s o f the d i o c e s e ! and r e p o r t e d to be a p p r o v e d b y the b i s h o p , r e p e a t e d the c a l b m a d e f r o m the same c h u r c h o n r F r i d a y for a f o r m a l investiga-[ t i o n i n t o the shootings h e r e a n d r for the p u n i s h m e n t of those res p o n s i b l e f o r the k i l l i n g s . W AN SI •i.:.- F r o m H a r r y Debelius Vitoria, Spain, March 8 Police bullets killed ano t h e r w o r k e r t o d a y as 250.000 p e o p l e w e n t o n s t r i k e i n the B a s q u e r e g i o n to protest against the fatal s h o o t i n g of f o u r p e o p l e by p o l i c e here. The dead m a n was S e i i o r V i c e n t e A n t o n F e r r e r o , aged 18, w h o was shot in the held by the Civil Guard p a r a m i l i t a r y p o l i c e i n a demons t r a t i o n at B a s a u r i , near B i l b a o , and later died i n hospital. P o l i c e also f i r e d t h e i r guns i n the B i l b a o i n d u s t r i a l s u b u r b of S a n t u r c e a l t h o u g h no serious injuries were reported. P o l i c e u s e d t e a r gas also to break up a demonstration i n Santurce. A R o m a n Catholic p r i e s t was t r e a t e d f o r h e a d i n j u r i e s after b e i n g c l u b b e d i n a c l a s h w i t h p o l i c e i n the ancient Basque capital of Guernica. In some places, s u c h as Algorta and Llodio, daily d e m o n s t r a t i o n s took p l a c e o v e r the w e e k e n d a n d today. A n o t h e r d e m o n s t r a t i o n took p l a c e this a f t e r n o o n i n S p a i n ' s s u m m e r • c a p i t a l , S a n Sebastian. In the m i d s t of the t u r m o i l t h r o u g h o u t most of t h e B a s q u e r e g i o n , Sefior L e o p o l d o C a l v o Sotelo, the M i n i s t e r of C o m m e r c e , c a n c e l l e d his s c h e d u l e d v i s i t to B i l b a o to i n a u g u r a t e a t r a d e f a i r , s a y i n g he h a d " other i m p o r t a n t c o m m i t m e n t s " today. A general strike continued i n V i t o r i a , w h e r e f o u r of the s i x w o r k e r s k i l l e d i n clashes w i t h p o l i c e i n the past t w o w e e k s have d i e d . B u t the a t m o s p h e r e was c a l m e r , w i t h c h i l d r e n g o i n g b a c k to s c h o o l today f o r the first t i m e s i n c e last W e d n e s d a y , and w i t h m a n y of the city's shops o p e n a g a i n . In Pamplona, where police and demonstrators had s k i r m i s h e d o v e r the w e e k e n d , t h e r e was no e v i d e n c e t h a t the c a l l for a g e n e r a l s t r i k e i s s u e d ^^ Es Demonstrator killed in new Basque clash O. O N O C IÓ o oo o o o o o o o o o o6 OO T h e p r o s e c u t i o n r e f e r r e d to d o c u m e n t s i s s u e d b y the U D M s a y i n g that the o r g a n i z a t i o n was i n f a v o u r o f the l e g a l i z a t i o n of the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y b u t g i v i n g a warning against officers h a v i n g c l o s e associations w i t h communists. The prosecution, quoting the a l l e g e d documents, s a i d the U D M w a n t e d to achieve f o r Spain "social justice with l i b e r t y " . The prosecution said that the U D M d e s c r i b e d Weste r n E u r o p e as h a v i n g " l i b e r t y without social j u s t i c e " , and Eastern Europe as having " social justice without liberty ". Eighteen r e l a t i v e s of the accused officers a t t e n d e d the t r i a l as w e l l as 10 p r e s s reprefrom the sentatives (five foreign press corps). Four civilian lawyers attended as € observers. T h e o f prohibited from having civilian l a w y e r s as the m i l i t a r y a u t h o r i ties s a i d that the charges w e r e purely military. A w o m a n representative o f Amnesty International who t r i e d to a t t e n d the t r i a l was b a r r e d f r o m e n t e r i n g the c o u r t . I n a r e l a t e d d e v e l o p m e n t , the m i l i t a r y a u t h o r i t i e s have rej e c t e d an a p p e a l b y the l a w y e r a c t i n g for a M a d r i d j o u r n a l i s t against his f o r t h c o m i n g c o u r t m a r t i a l f o r r e f u s i n g to r e v e a l the sources o f a n a r t i c l e he w r o t e about the U D M . • sua Six postmen arrested in M a d r i d i n J a n u a r y after the postal s e r v i c e was brought u n d e r m i l i t a r y r e g u l a t i o n have been i m p r i s o n e d for six m o n t h s without trial, according to i n f o r m e d sources. T w o other postmen, who were not milit a r i z e d at t h e same t i m e , are expected to appear shortly before a p o l i t i c a l c o u r t . T h e eight are b e l i e v e d to h a v e b e e n a r r e s t e d after t h e y t r i e d t o a s k questions a b o u t t h e m i l i t a r i z a tion of the service. 4*.*.; oooooooo f> r\ ¡WEST EUROPE. Sentences on nine officers raises doubts in Spain that w ^ democracy is Government's aim 1 p r i s o n for seven m o n t h s . T h e o t h e r seven officers, as t h e y have been s e n t e n c e d to m o r e t h a n three years, w i l l be d i s m i s s e d f r o m the A r m y u n d e r the m i l i t a r y code a n d lose a l l benefits a n d p r i v i l e g e s accumul a t e d d u r i n g t h e i r service. T h e p o l i t i c a l t r i a l of the officers, w h i c h lasted for two days Ä ^ Ä f i Ä , " . , k i n d to be h e l d i n p u b l i c s i n c e " T h e i r o n l y c r i m e was to * want to m a k e a series of re- „ ^ forms w h i c h w o u l d i m p r o v e the ^ » a n d the e x t r e m e r i g h t . " T h e sentences were h a n d e d d o w n as a s t r i k e wave i n the B a s q u e c o u n t r y appeared to be d i m i n i s h i n g after the Forjas Alavesas metal factory in Vitoria, where the strikes began, r e a d m i t t e d 22 d i s m i s s e d w o r k e r s ' l e a d e r s ; but t h e workers say t h e y w i l l not go back until management negotiates L d i r e c t l y w i t h t h e i r e l e c t e d rep- I". resentatives a n d not t h r o u g h the state-run t r a d e u n i o n s . A ° r v c n d n f h ^ n n „ t s ^ H e s p o k e s m a n for the m a i n s t r e a m A r m y speaks of b e i n g outside c j : , rPSDFi sairl • p o l i t i c s w h e n a l l the t i m e i t has S ™ , , U ?JLr««; been the s u p p o r t e r of f a s c i s m . " was the most i m p o r t a n t p o l i t i c a l t r i a l i n S p a i n for the T h e sentences were : Major Luis Otero, eight years ; past 20 years because i t shows Captain F e r m i n Ibarra, seven and the deep rift i n the last p i l l a r a half years ; Captain Restituto of r e a c t i o n a r y forces i n S p a i n Valero, five years ; Captain Manuel —the A r m y . Fernando Lago, five years ; Cap" N o t e v e n the a r m e d forces tain Jesus Martin Consuegra, are u n i t e d n o w i n d e f e n d i n g four and a half years ; Captain José Fortes Bouzan, four years ; the. p o l i t i c a l establishment. T h e Captain José Reilen, four years ; t r i a l also s h o w e d the force o f p a In r t i cout lhaerrl yparts i n oCfa tthe a l o nc oi au n tarnyd, ' M a d r i d , thousands of w o r k e r s ' were o n s t r i k e . I n M a d r i d , stopand pages c o n t i n u e d i n the construction industry A s p o k e s m a n for the P o p u l a r S o c i a l i s t P a r t y s a i d the t r i a l , a l o n g w i t h the events i n V i t o r i a , I would make many Spaniards lose c o n f i d e n c e i n the G o v e r n - f ment's s i n c e r i t y to b r i n g democ-1 racy. h b a r < b a t y 1 5 l n c r e d l b l e T # 1 9 3 9 w a s c o n d e t i e s U n ry m a n e S e f i o e m n e d f o p p o r s c t o d a i d o n y b p y a T h a ] , f P a r f v s Spanish town accuse/ 'repressive' policed , 5 AN SI Charges of sedition over Basque strikes $ v .— — the w a k of tie a p h otT/™^ a nee of Sebas ot od g a yr a pi hne rthei n wSa k tne t i a n t( " deaths . "..".•Sff frontations w i t h the p o l i c e o v e r the past t w o w e e k s . T h e s h o o t i n g c a m e after t h e t o w n c o u n c i l of B a s a u r i , n e a r B i l b a o , w h e r e a y o u t h was shot dead by police i n a demonstrat i o n o n M o n d a y , i s s u e d a statem e n t c o n d e m n i n g the " r e p r e s sive m e a n s " u s e d b y p o l i c e . T h e p h o t o g r a p h e r was snot i n the a r m b y m i s t a k e w h e n the p o l i c e o p e n e d f i r e on a m a n t h e y w e r e c h a s i n g . I t was not known whether the photog r a p h e r was a j o u r n a l i s t , or w h y p e o p l e p e o p l e w e r e shot b y p o l i c e last w e e k . a c l a n d e s t i n e statement i n r "j," f u l popuizations; the t p o w e h S o c i a nd a Fu i s t Platform . P latform of Dc ae lm a t i c an C o nindeverl eodc rfor gence, have pendent inquiry into the shootings. T h r e e of the a l l e g e d organizers o f the s t r i k e c o o r d i n a t i n g committee i n Vitoria, who were a r r e s t e d e a r l i e r t h i s w e e k , have b e e n t r a n s f e r r e d to the M a d r i d police headquarters. T h e y ine l u d e S e ñ o r Jesus Naves, w h o s p o k e f r o m the a l t a r at the f u n e r a l M a s s o f t h r e e of t h e v i c t i m s last F r i d a y . In M a d r i d , s t r i k i n g workers • : 1 1 t h e m s e l v e s : 800 w o r k e r s at t h e | f a c t o r y have b e e n o n s t r i k e for the past m o n t h . K i n g J u a n C a r l o s saw S e ñ o r M a n u e l F r a g a , the I n t e r i o r M i n - \ i s t e r , a n d S e ñ o r J o s é M a r i a de A r e i l z a , the F o r e i g n M i n i s t e r , t at the Z a r z u e l a P a l a c e yester- | day, w h i l e the s p e c i a l c o m m i s s i o n to s t u d y c o n s t i t u t i o n a l r e f o r m s m e t u n d e r t h e presi- j d e n c y of S e i i o r C a r l o s A r i a s , [ the P r i m e M i n i s t e r . T h e t w o m i n i s t e r s w h o saw the k i n g are r e g a r d e d as the m o s t l i b e r a l i n the G o v e r n m e n t a n d the m e e t i n g was i n t e r p r e t e d i n s o m e p o l i t i c a l c i r c l e s as a s i g n of a p o s s i b l e s p l i t i n the G o v e r n m e n t b e t w e e n the ref o r m i s t s a n d those w h o w a n t the pace of r e f o r m to be s l o w e r . ci guns. T h e t o w n c o u n c i l of B a s a u r i met yesterday i n extraordinary session after the f u n e r a l f o r the y o u t h , attended b y 40,000 p e o p l e who c r o w d e d i n t o the town's football stadium for a Mass. In a statement the council said that i t " c a n n o t a n d m u s t not be s i l e n t about the d i s t u r b i n g circumstances" and attacked the " f o r c e s of p u b lic order for using repressive means w h i c h r e s u l t e d i n this t r a g i c e v e n t " , T h e t o w n c o u n c i l l o r s also protested at the a r r e s t of w o r k e r s w h o s e o n l y c r i m e w a s " to f i g h t i n their factories for better social and economic conditions for a l l w o r k e r s " . T h e i r r e p u d i a t i o n of p o l i c e a c t i o n c a m e after a s i m i l a r protest b y t h e t o w n c o u n c i l of V i t o r i a , w h e r e r o r e a n Communist-founded Democratic i .based ón £?2&2 four dead In ^ TR F r o m Our Correspor nt\jd M a d r i d , M a r c h 11 Paramilitary Civil Guards i n p l a i n clothes shot a n d w o u n d e d J B ¡9 • 13 SM •'' F r o m Our Correspondent M a d r i d , M a r c h 12 A prominent Opposition politician, Professor Enrique T i e r n o G a l v a n , has c a l l e d f o r I the i m m e d i a t e e t a b l i s h m e n t o f 1 a national coalition government I as the o n l y s o l u t i o n to S p a i n ' s | grave political problems. I T h e professor, w h o i s h e a d [ of the i l l e g a l P o p u l a r S o c i a l i s t J P a r t y , s a i d at a news conference i n M a d r i d last n i g h t , t h a t all the democratic political forces i n the c o u n t r y , i n c l u d ing the Spanish Communist P a r t y , s h o u l d get together to f o r m a c o a l i t i o n g o v e r n m e n t . Hp I t was the o n l y w a y to achieve H a reconciliation. K "The c u r r e n t wave of pro- fl tests exists because the G o v e r n - S m e n t has n o p o l i t i c a l , s o c i a l , I a n d e c o n o m i c answers to the Bj country's p r o b l e m s " , he said. B W h a t h a p p e n e d i n the B a s q u e H c i t y of V i t o r i a last w e e k , w h e n H p o l i c e shot d e a d f o u r p e o p l e , • j c o u l d h a p p e n i n other l a r g e I S p a n i s h c i t i e s — " m u l t i p l i e d b y j? ten " — i f the G o v e r n m e n t d i d E fl z m y a o c j j I J I ! i j j the extreme r i g h t i n the A r m y a n d h o w nervous t h e y are i n the face of d e m o c r a c y spreadi n g . A l l these officers d i d was to h o l d d e m o c r a t i c beliefs s i m i l a r to F r a g a (the I n t e r i o r M i n ister, r e g a r d e d as a m o r e l i b e r a l m e m b e r of the G o v e r n m e n t ) and the r e f o r m i s t s . " T h e t r i a l shows u p the weakness of the r e f o r m i s t s a n d also t h e i r h y p o c r i s y as they are : " j l rrore8 s s opro l i nt i ec aml osolutions. Gaivan, a if l a w y e r a n d f o r m a n y years an M •M o p p o n e n t o f G e n e r a l F r a n c o , S £ g "H|1 ' s a iPdr o fthat, e s s o r wT i e r n o i t h o u t dGe aml vo ac nr a t i c v; j o r g a n i z a t i o n s , the c o u n t r y was b e c o m i n g p o l a r i z e d i n t o left and r i g h t . " T h e c h u r c h is b e c o m i n g m o r e d i v i d e d " , he s a i d . " T h e d i v i s i o n s are m o r e n o t i c e a b l e d a i l y , a n d i t is s p e e d i n g u p . " The R o m a n Catholic C h u r c h i n S p a i n , because i t h a d representatives in the country's p o l i t i c a l i n s t i t u t i o n s , was c o m p r o m i s e d . H e c a l l e d for a comp l e t e s e p a r a t i o n of c h u r c h a n d state. H e d i d n o t s p e c i f y h o w the c o a l i t i o n g o v e r n m e n t s h o u l d be f o r m e d , o n l y t h a t i t w o u l d have Señor Carlos to o c c u r after A r i a s , the P r i m e M i n i s t e r , h a d resigned. He would willingly I take p a r t i n s u c h a g o v e r n m e n t | w i t h m e m b e r s of the S p a n i s h V C o m m u n i s t P a r t y , w h i c h h a d to I be l e g a l i z e d as i t was m o r e 1 d a n g e r o u s u n d e r g r o u n d than i n '., the open. R e f e r r i n g to S e ñ o r M a n u e l F r a g a I r i b a r n e , the I n t e r i o r J? Minister, regarded as a 1 " l i b e r a l " i n the g o v e r n m e n t . | the professor said he t h o u g h t the m i n i s t e r was m a k i n g " m o r e 1 concessions t h a n c o n v i c t i o n s " | at the moment. O b s e r v e r s [. interpreted this as m e a n i n g that the professor was disi l l u s i o n e d w i t h the m i n i s t e r ' s declarations about eventually b r i n g i n g i n d e m o c r a c y a n d that he was p a y i n g too m u c h attention to the right. no b r i n N |f s h i p of t h e i l l e g a l D e m o c r a t i c M i l i t a r y U n i o n , a non-partisan o r g a n i z a t i o n c a l l i n g f o r demofeU c r a t i c r e f o r m s for S p a i n . K| Seiior M a n u e l Diez-Alegria, a M S o c i a l D e m o c r a t a n d son of G e n I e r a l M a n u e l D i e z - A l e g r i a , forai, m e r h e a d o f the J o i n t C h i e f s n ) of S t a f f u n t i l he was d i s m i s s e d tu' by G e n e r a l F r a n c o i n 1974 f o r •; From_ H a r r y D e b e l i u s ' M a d r i d , M a r c h 14 L a b o u r t r o u b l e s s h o w e d signs I o f e a s i n g i n S p a i n at t h e weeke n d , after a m a j o r i t y of m o r e t h a n 12,000 m i n e r s e m p l o y e d i n A s t u r i a s b y the state-run m i n i n g f i r m H u n o s a v o t e d to e n d • t h e i r p r o l o n g e d s t r i k e a n d rei sume work tomorrow. I n V i t o r i a , i n the Basque I c o u n t r y , w h e r e the p o l i c e h a d shot dead four protesting w o r k e r s e a r l i e r this month, several thousand workers • a g r e e d at the w e e k e n d to go » b a c k to t h e i r j o b s . T h o u s a n d s remained o n strike, however, j a n d the p r i n c i p a l issue, that of the state r u n t r a d e u n i o n s , was far f r o m b e i n g s o l v e d at some V i t o r i a factories. | A Madrid political court yesterday remanded i n custody three V i t o r i a labour leaders. T w o of t h e m , w h o h a d s p o k e n at the workers' funeral in jVitoria c a l l i n g for c o n t i n u e d . i strikes, were charged with sedition. T h e c h a r g e against the t h i r d m a n was not i m m e diately announced. ; R e l a t i v e s of the m e n a r r e s t e d on W e d n e s d a y i n V i t o r i a s a i d that at least f o u r others h a d b e e n h e l d i n c o n n e x i o n w i t h the labour t r o u b l e s . Arribai the organ of the .National" M o v e m e n t , on F r i d a y b l a m e d :• " p r o f e s s i o n a l agitat o r s " b e l o n g i n g to the M a r x i s t loriented W o r k e r s ' Commissions land the B a s q u e .... s e p a r a t i s t o r g a n i z a t i o n f o r the*' t r o u b l e s . I t j n a m e d the t w o m e n c h a r ' : r ' jwith sedition. 1 1 v oooo Opposition call for " coalition^ Spain <y^W C IÓ 1 o o n n pa ño la Captain Antonio Garcia Marquez, F r o m Harry Debelius three years ; Captain Jesus Ruiz M a d r i d , M a r c h 10 C i l l e r o , two and a half years. A c o u r t m a r t i a l i n M a d r i d toT h e sentences are s t i l l to be day s e n t e n c e d n i n e m i l i t a r y offiby the Captaincers to t e r m s i n p r i s o n rang- c o n f i r m e d ing f r o m 2 J to eight years for G e n e r a l o f the F i r s t M i l i t a r y Captain Garcia and c o n s p i r i n g to c o m m i t m i l i t a r y R e g i o n . r e b e l l i o n . T h e sentences caused C a p t a i n R u i z w i l l not be i m deep c o n c e r n a m o n g m a n y non- p r i s o n e d as they benefit f r o m Juan Carlos's pardon, e s t a b l i s h m e n t p o l i t i c i a n s at the K i n g d i r e c t i o n i n w h i c h the c o u n t r y w h i c h excludes f r o m i m p r i s o n is h e a d i n g . m e n t anyone sentenced to t h r e e The officers, a m a j o r a n d years a n d less. T h e y w i l l be e i g h t " c a p t a i , ^ w e r e " c o n " v i c t e d free to r e t u r n to the A r m y . ooooo Es 0000000030 OO o • Left-wing Ipeips join united front in Spain '4 the speed of the promised democratic reforms. A t a x i d r i v e r was shot dead i n . G u e t a r i a , n e a r S a n Sebast i a n , it was l e a r n t h e r e today. T h e k i l l i n g , b e l i e v e d to be the w o r k of the B a s q u e separatist o r g a n i z a t i o n E T A , came after s p e c u l a t i o n that the f a t a l shootings i n V i t o r i a by p o l i c e m i g h t l e a d to a n e w wave of antiG o v e r n m e n t v i o l e n c e by B a s q u e extremists. T h e d r i v e r , n a m e d as M a n u e l Albizu Aliaquez, was found s l u m p e d o v e r the w h e e l Meanwhile, the military a u t h o r i t i e s are k e e p i n g s i l e n t about an A r m y m a j o r understood to have been a r r e s t e d last week. Sources close to the D e m o c r a t i c M i l i t a r y U n i o n , an i l l e g a l g r o u p c a l l i n g f o r democratic reforms, said recently that the i n t e l l i g e n c e s e r v i c e has been m a k i n g investigations into the a c t i v i t i e s of c e r t a i n officers w i t h a v i e w to r o u n d i n g up a l l e g e d m e m b e r s of the organization. VI F r o m H a r r y Debelius | M a d r i d , M a r c h 17 Spain's two ' powerful lefti w i n g o r g a n i z a t i o n s , the com] munist-based D e m o c r a t i c J u n t a j a n d the socialist P l a t f o r m of 1 Democratic Convergence, , reached a g r e e m e n t t o d a y o n a I u n i t e d front. This important ¡ move c a m e after months of negotiations between the t w o organizations. A s p o k e s m a n for the C a r l i s t s , who are in the ,?latform, d e s c r i b e d the a g r e e n ' v a s an i m p o r t a n t step t o w a . i ''the complete unity of all the o p p o s i t i o n s e e k i n g to a r r i v e at d e m o c r a t i c freedoms " . Prince Carlos Hugo, the C a r l i s t p r e t e n d e r to the throne, who was b a n i s h e d f r o m S p a i n i n D e c e m b e r , 1968, is e x p e c t e d to a r r i v e s e c r e t l y i n S p a i n today or tomorrow, according to i n f o r m e d sources. P o l i t i c a l v i o l e n c e r e t u r n e d to the Basque c o u n t r y f o r the second t i m e t h i s week w i t h the s h o o t i n g late last n i g h t of a y o u n g w o r k e r at Portuljalete, near B i l b a o . U n k n o w n g u n m e n , b e l i e v e d to be m e m b e r s of the Basque s e p a r a t i s t o r g a n i z a t i o n E T A , w o u n d e d the w o r k e r i n his car. H e is S e ñ o r L o y R u i z C o r t a d i , aged 23, sbn o f a prominent leader of Franco c i i v l war veterans i n the Basque country. The victim's family had r e c e i v e d s e v e r a l t h r e a t s r e c e n t l y because of t h e i r p o l i t i cal c o n n e x i o n w i t h t h e r e g i m e . S e ñ o r J o s é M a r i a de A r e i l z a , the F o r e i g n " M i n i s t e r , today gave a c h i l l y r e c e p t i o n to a United States proposal to e x t e n d its use o f f a c i l i t i e s i n Spain for propaganda radio broadcasts to the S o v i e t U n i o n for a n o t h e r t h r e e to five years. M r W e l l s S t a b l e r , the A m e r i c a n A m b a s s a d o r , h e a d e d a negotiat i n g t e a m w h i c h c a l l e d o n the Foreign Minister in Madrid. Señor Areilza postponed f u r t h e r n e g o t i a t i o n s u n t i l the " near future", informed sources s a i d . agreements The current a u t h o r i z i n g the A m e r i c a n s to use R a d i o L i b e r t y , w h i c h b r o a d casts to the S o v i e t U n i o n i n 18 languages f r o m the C o s t a B r a v a , runs out next M o n d a y . . ••. Commenting on speculation that the S p a n i s h G o v e r n m e n t was a n x i o u s to t e r m i n a t e the a g r e e m e n t w i t h i n the n e x t s i x m o n t h s i n o r d e r to i m p r o v e r e l a t i o n s between Spain and R u s s i a , an i n f o r m e d d i p l o m a t i c soiurce said t o d a y t h a t the prospects of a l o n g e r r e n e w a l were " n o w less g l o o m y " . T h e U n i t e d States pays S p a i n $250,000 (about £125,000) a year for the use of t e c h n i c a l f a c i l i ties occupying over 333,000 square metres o n .the C o s t a B r a v a , a p o p u l a r t o u r i s t area. U n o f f i c i a l sources estimate the v a l u e of the l a n d and a l l the f a c i l i t i e s , a l l c e d e d to S p a i n b y the U n i t e d States G o v e r n m e n t , at m o r e t h a n $ 5 m . C IÓ In M a d r i d staff of the w e e k l y news magazine G u a d i a n a , h a d to tear o u r four pages of this week's magazine last n i g h t after M i n i s t r y of Information the b a n n e d a n e d i t o r i a l c a l l i n g for he resignation of Señor Carlos A r i a s N a v a r r o , the P r i m e Minister. Other articles banned i n c l u d e d o n e c a l l i n g f o r the resignations of the Finance M i n i s t e r a n d the I n f o r m a t i o n M i n i s t e r a n d a r e p o r t o n the court m a r t i a l of nine m i l i t a r y officers. pa ño la F r o m Our Correspondent M a d r i d , M a r c h 15 R e p o r t s c i r c u l a t i n g in M a d r i d today spoke of a G o v e r n m e n t c r i s i s a l l e g e d l y p r e c i p i t a t e d by the desire of S e ñ o r Carlos Arias Navarro, the Prime Minister, to resign. Other m i n i s t e r i a l changes may be i n the offing. A c c o r d i n g to r e l i a b l e sources, S e ñ o r A r i a s is a n x i o u s to leave. H e is b e l i e v e d to h a v e i n f o r m e d K i n g J u a n C a r l o s about his i n t e n t i o n w h e n he saw h i m on F r i d a y night. S e ñ o r A r i a s N a v a r r o , who was Prime Minister under Franco, offered his r e s i g n a t i o n after the general's death. H e was b e l i e v e d then to have agreed to see the c o u n t r y t h r o u g h the transitional period, with a view to r e s i g n i n g later. Informed sources also spoke of a " p o w e r struggle" between Señor A r i a s and S e ñ o r M a n u e l Fraga I r i b a r n e , the I n t e r i o r M i n i s t e r , o v e r the d i r e c t i o n i n w h i c h the c o u n t r y s h o u l d be h e a d i n g a n d 0 íS8 Es 'ssugs* N Madrid Cabinet to be facing crisis/; Madrid considers raising wages ci nd a Fu f a m i l y , except for his wife P r i n c e s s I r e n e of T h e Netherl a n d s , were b a n n e d f r o m r e t u r n i n g to S p a i n i n D e c e m b e r , 1968 by decree of G e n e r a l F r a n c o / T h a t was seven months before the dictator named Carlos H u g o ' s c o u s i n , J u a n C a r l o s , as his p o l i t i c a l h e i r . Spain has undergone two C a r l i s t wars i n the past c e n tury i n a struggle which might be i n t e r p r e t e d by B r i t i s h p e o p l e as s i m i l a r to that of the Jacobites. T h e C a r l i s t s enjoy considerable s u p p o r t i n c e r t a i n l i m i ted areas, p a r t i c u l a r l y a r o u n d Seville and Pamplona. " T h e Carlist party, except for a m i n o r i t y w i n g w h i c h is a l i g n e d w i t h the e x t r e m e r i g h t i n S p a i n , is i l l e g a l and associated w i t h | s e v e r a l o u t l a w e d leftist p o l i t i cal m o v e m e n t s . TR AN SI the i m p l a n t a t i o n of a totalitar i a n system w i l l be f o r b i d d e n . T h i s is w i d e l y i n t e r p r e t e d to mean that the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y and its affiliates w i l l be exc l u d e d . W h e t h e r e x t r e m e rightwing totalitarian parties will also be banned is not yet certain. But even for many nonv i o l e n t p o l i t i c a l organizations, one clause could i n v a l i d a t e the whole draft. T h i s insists that p o l i t i c a l organizations must f a l l w i t h i n the f r a m e w o r k of the regime's Falange-based N a t i o n a l M o v e m e n t , the umbrella-type single party. T h e draft law is u n i q u e i n that i t is the first i n S p a i n to m a k e a direct reference to the U n i t e d Nations D e c l a r a t i o n of H u m a n Rights. T h e C a r l i s t c l a i m a n t to the S p a n i s h throne, P r i n c e C a r l o s H u g o , was expected to a r r i v e h e r e today, despite a decree b a n n i n g his presence. P r i n c e C a r l o s H u g o and other members of his immediate ón From H a r r y Debelius M a d r i d , M a r c h 18 T h e S p a n i s h C a b i n e t is bel i e v e d to have s t u d i e d p r o p o s a l s today to raise the n a t i o n a l m i n i m u m d a i l y wage by a p p r o x i mately 20 p e r cent to a b o u t ?>40 pesetas (£2.70) w i t h seven days pay for a six-day week. Other economic measures u n d e r c o n s i d e r a t i o n are thought to deal w i t h the c r i t i c a l unemp l o y m e n t in the b u i l d i n g t r a d e ; . I n f o r m e d sources said that the Cabinet m i g h t also be d i s c u s s i n g a r e f e r e n d u m on c o n s t i t u t i o n a l changes. M a d r i d newspapers devoted c o n s i d e r a b l e space today to a p r o p o s e d l a w to authorize the f o r m a t i o n of p o l i t i c a l parties, w h i c h i s b e i n g s t u d i e d by the Cortes ( P a r l i a m e n t ) . A c c o r d i n g to this draft l a w — w h i c h c u r i ously still uses the Franco regime's t e r m i n o l o g y of " associations " w h e n referring to political parties—any political organization which advocates the use of v i o l e n c e or proposes It was not i m m e d i a t e l y k n o w n if the G o v e r n m e n t b a n o n the C a r l i s t p r i n c e ' s r e t u r n h a d been lifted | L e a d i n g a r t i c l e , page 15 ; f Madrid politicaL c o u r t jaijs? t ^ ^ v nine communisms <j F r o m O u r C o r r e s p o n d e n t s . M a d r i d , M a r c h 16 & 1 A Madrid political court j today sentenced nine comj m u n i s t s to p r i s o n terms r a n g i n g j f r o m two to five years for | b e l o n g i n g to an i l l e g a l organizai t i o n . T h e y w e r e c o n v i c t e d of • belonging to the Marxisti L e n i n i s t O r g a n i z a t i o n of S p a i n . i T h e sentences are i n l i n e j w i t h the G o v e r n m e n t ' s deteri m i n a t i o n to e x c l u d e a l l comj munist groups from political I activities. Almost e v e ry 1 o p p o s i t i o n g r o u p has c a l l e d f o r j the l e g a l i z a t i o n of the C o m - j ' imunist Partv, j- ,\ _____ fe o o o o o o o O . O . O . . Ò o , o . p . p ; . o A O : - Q - o a a . o i i û m û ^ 1_ Missing director belfcvcu" kidnapped by Basques vJ p a i d £80,000 he w o u l d suffer reprisals. T h e G o v e r n m e n t has d e m i l i t a r i z e d thousands of p o s t m e n who w e r e c a l l e d up two m o n t h s ago i n M a d r i d f o r t a k i n g p a r t i n l a b o u r disputes. T h i s means that the p o s t m e n can n o w take off t h e i r r e d a n d y e l l o w badges w i t h the l e t t e r " M " , for m i l i tarized, on them. Police i n the Basque country today m o u n t e d a b i g s e a r c h o p e r a t i o n f o r a m i s s i n g indust r i a l i s t w h o was b e l i e v e d to have been k i d n a p p e d late last n i g h t b y the B a s q u e separatist organizar'-i E T A . A car b e l o n g i n g to S e ñ o r A n g e l B e r a z a g u i U r b e , a g e d 56, was f o u n d e a r l y t o d a y o n the San S e b a s t i a n to B i l b a o r o a d . N e a r i t was a n o t h e r c a r that h a d been stolen at g u n p o i n t e a r l i e r b y two en. Señor Berazagui U r b e is m a n a g i n g d i r e c t o r of a b i g s e w i n g m a c h i n e c o m p a n y at Elgoibar, near San Sebastian. H i s f a m i l y r e p o r t e d h i m missi n g at 5 a m . T h e f a m i l y has n o t r e c e i v e d a ransom note, but* S e ñ o r B e r a z a g u i U r b e was sent a t h r e a t e n i n g letter f r o m E T A last y e a r s a y i n g t h a t unless he The Carlist Party issued a statement today about the refusal to a l l o w P r i n c e C a r l o s H u g o to enter S p a i n , after eight years m exile. The socialist prince, who is the C a r l i s t c l a i m a n t to the throne, a r r i v e d i n M a d r i d a i r p o r t last n i g h t f r o m P a r i s , o n l y to be sent b a c k o n the same aircraft. H e a n d m e m b e r s of his f a m i l y w e r e banned b y G e n e r a l F r a n c o n 1968. T h e C a r l i s t s s a i d the r e f u s a l of e n t r y was p r o o f of t h e f r a u d u l e n t p r o m i s e s m a d e by the G o v e r n m e n t to b r i n g democratic reforms. Spaniards plan mass rally to demand democracy I F r o m Our Correspondent 1 M a d r i d , M a r c h 22 I A huge demonstration is f b e i n g p l a n n e d by representa1 tives of the o p p o s i t i o n , profes| s i o n a l bodies, the C h u r c h a n d civic organizations, among o t h e r s , to d e m a n d d e m o c r a t i c r e f o r m s , i f was l e a r n t here tonight. The demonstration, planned , f o r A p r i l 4 i n M a d r i d , looks as j | : vJ i f i t c o u l d be the biggest yet. I h e organizers are to seek perj E i tf*! m i s s i o n f r o m the MMi ni ni si st rt yr y oof i f' M ' ] the I n t e r i o r , but say that t h e y i' "n"t *e "n•d' to «"» go ahead w wiitthh tthhoeiirr - 'demonstration ' even if-.perm i s s i o n is not g r a n t e d . A t o t a l of 380 p e o p l e h a v e s i g n e d a | n e r v m l s s l 0 n l t r o m Spanishrightwarns^ Cabinet on reforms^ " O n l y S p a n i a r d s have the i r i g h t to d e c i d e t h e i r o w n conj s t i t u t i o n a l s y s t e m " , he s a i d . " F o r e i g n pressures to m a k e o u r ; institutions conform with theirs are i n a d m i s s i b l e because t h e y ] are a n attempt at c o l o n i z a t i o n . " • H e also c a l l e d f o r G i b r a l t a r to i be r e t u r n e d to S p a i n as its i n i t e g r a l p . rt. P o l i t i c a l l y , s o c i a l l y a n d econ- H u n d r e d s o f m e m b e r s of t h e Federation of Civil War V e t e r a n s w e r e p r e s e n t at a R e q u i e m M a s s yesterday for G e n e r a l F r a n c o at the V a l l e y of the F a l l e n w h e r e the G e n e r a l i s b u r i e d n e x t to C i v i l W a r veterans. It was attended by G e n e r a l Franco's widow, Dona Carmen P o l o , a n u m b e r of f o r m e r m i n i sters a n d s e n i o r officers o f the a r m e d forces. N o m e m b e r of the G o v e r n m e n t was present. Spanish ^ oppositioi unity talfer. nd a - F r o m Our Correspondent \fN/ M a d r i d , M a r c h 23 The two largest Spanish h opposition o r g a n i z a t i o n s , the i Communist-founded Democratic M J u n t a a n d the Socialist-based j§ P l a t f o r m of D e m o c r a t i c C o n - [* vergence, met i n M a d r i d today 1 for the f i r s t of three days o f § i n t e n s i v e discussions o n f o r m - ' f l | ing a united opposition group B I to be c a l l e d the D e m o c r a t i c H I Alliance. 1 T h e talks went on w h i l e the | | ^ . c o m m a n d e r s of the F i r s t M i l i - H j ' t a r y R e g i o n in M a d r i d report- m 1. e d l y a p p r o v e d the court m a r t i a l 0 l | sentences, r a n g i n g f r o m two a n d fcj I a h a l f to • eight years, passed H j e a r l i e r this m o n t h against a H j m a j o r and eight captains f o r i • b e l o n g i n g to the i l l e g a l Demo- j ; ! cratic M i l i t a r y U n i o n ( U D M ) . f . ; 1 T h e P l a t f o r m and the J u n t a , •,: ] w h i c h i n c l u d e most of the i m - | | ; p o r t a n t o p p o s i t i o n groups i n j ' | S p a i n , f o r m a l l y a g r e e d to t a l k s <; J on a u n i t e d p l a t f o r m two weeks Ej 1 ago, after months of negotia- hi j tions and bickering about,' s p o l i t i c a l differences, j A s p o k e s m a n for the J u n : a p ' . I t o l d The Times today that j " gigantic steps towards a[' j united opposition had beenjg ] taken in the past four months E g ! after 40 years ot d i s u n i t y . H e ; . " i b e l i e v e d the A r m y , the m a i n - ' • j s t a y of G e n e r a l F r a n c o ' s die- j. j tatorship, w o u l d be more w i l l - ! , j i n g to m a k e contacts w i t h t h e f / I o p p o s i t i o n , w h i c h it has so f a r t ; ' j s p u r n e d , if it was u n i t e d over'..;'. I basic issues. C IÓ : 1 A M a d r i d p o l i t i c a l court yesterday sentenced five Comm u n i s t s to p r i s o n terms rangi n g f r o m t h r e e to five years f o r b e l o n g i n g to an i l l e g a l organization. A n o t h e r court fined a s c u l p t o r £2,000 f o r a l l e g e d conn e x i o n s w i t h the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y . A p a i n t e r arrested w i t h h i m was r e l e a s e d . ci ; e AN SI Senor G i r o n is a member of the Cortes appointed by General Franco, a member of the C o u n c i l of t h e R e a l m , S p a i n ' s highest a d v i s o r y b o d y , a n d of the s p e c i a l c o m m i s s i o n to study constitutional reform. H e s a i d t h a t the G o v e r n m e n t should " develop and perfect t h e o r g a n i c c h a n n e l s of p o l i t i c a l r e p r e s e n t a t i o n " a n d reject a l l moves towards e s t a b l i s h i n g p o l i tical parties. T o allow political p a r t i e s w o u l d o n l y l e a d to the chaos o f the 1930s. H e also r e j e c t e d the G o v e r n ment's moves f o r S p a i n to j o i n the E u r o p e a n C o m m u n i t y . H e , mentioned i n particular the 1 journeys made by Senor J o s é I M a r i a de A r e i l z a , t h e F o r e i g n M i n i s t e r , who is r e g a r d e d as a " r e f o r m i s t " a n d one o f t h e ; m a i n s u p p o r t e r s of E E C e n t r y . S e ñ o r L u i s A p o s t u a , the p o l i tical commentator for the Roman Catholic newspaper Y a , said today that while S e ñ o r G i r o n d i d n o t have enough s t a n d i n g to p r o v o k e a g o v e r n ment c r i s i s " , he had " s u f f i c i e n t to o b s t r u c t the G o v e r n ment's m o d e r a t e p r o g r a m m e o f reform ". S e v e r a l o p p o s i t i o n groups a r e to set u p a c o m m i s s i o n to i n v e s tigate alleged "crimes of F r a n c o i s m " i t was l e a r n t i n M a d r i d today. T h e commission is also to investigate the a c t i v i ties o f p e o p l e i n p o s i t i o n s o f p o w e r after G e n e r a l F r a n c o ' s death. A n o t e sent to n e w s p a p e r s s a i d : " W e a r e g a t h e r i n g evidence w h i c h i n due t i m e w i l l be m a d e k n o w n to the S p a n i s h people- a n d to w o r l d o p i n i o n . " • 1% TR I n a manifesto i s s u e d at the e n d of a three-day congress b y the F e d e r a t i o n of C i v i l W a r Veterans, Senor J o s é Antonio G i r o n , its l e a d e r , m a d e i t c l e a r t h a t s u p p o r t e r s of t h e r e g i m e created by General Franco w o u l d b l o c k any moves to dism a n t l e the s y s t e m . » o m i c a l l y the c o u n t r y h a d r a p i d l y d e c l i n e d since the death of G e n e r a l F r a n c o o n N o v e m b e r 20, he said. " I t is difficult for the s y s t e m to f u n c t i o n i f its effic i e n c y is p u t i n t o doubt a n d i t s l e g i t i m a c y i s not d e f e n d e d . " ón M a d r i d , M a r c h 21 T h e r i g h t m a d e its b o l d e s t c h a l l e n g e yet to the G o v e r n m e n t today, u r g i n g i t not to negotiate w i t h the o p p o s i t i o n a n d to reject a l l p o l i t i c a l parties o t h e r t h a n t h e N a t i o n a l Movement, the country's only legal political organization. n ; 11181 F r o m Our Correspondent t n p e t i t i o n a n d p l a n to h e a d the demonstration. A m o n g the non-establishment p o l i t i c i a n s who have s i g n e d are S e ñ o r F e l i p e Gonzalez, secret a r y of the S p a n i s h W o r k e r s ' Socialist P a r t y ; S e ñ o r E n r i q u e T i e r n o G a l v a n , l e a d e r of the P o p u l a r S o c i a l i s t P a r t y , and Señor Joaquin Ruiz-Jimenez, the C h r i s t i a n D e m o c r a t i c leader. The auxiliary Bishop of M a d r i d , M g r A l b e r t o Iniesta, and several R o m a n Catholic o r g a n i z a t i o n s have also s i g n e d . In the p e t i t i o n the 380 people c a l l for an amnesty for p o l i t i c a l p r i s o n e r s and the r e t u r n of p o l i c a l e x i l e s , " necessary for an effective r e c o n c i l i a t i o n between a l l S p a n i a r d s " . N F r o m Our Correspondent M a d r i d , M a r c h 19 ^ One of the m a j o r obstacles.^" ! to an agreement between t h e ; . ; ! two organizations l a s been the!.;;, :i r e p r e s e n t a t i o n of i n d e p e n d e n t ^ ' j and non-party m e m b e r s of t h e t „ ; Junta. T h e y will now form a n ' independent, g r o u p " and w i l l ii • have o n l y one vote. A l l m e m - E g bers of the P l a t f o r m represent " ] parties. BY A statement w i l l be issued a i a',* the e n d of the discussions a n d it is expected that there w i l l he \ a c a l l for a p r o v i s i o n a l govern- ffc ment made up of a l l the demo- U?l c r a t i c forces i n the c o u n t r y . . 1 " I f there is not, then by the ; s u m m e r p r o b l e m s are g o i n g to fe. get worse and what h a p p e n e d i n V i t o r i a fwhere p o l i c e shot I four w o r k e r s dead and i n j u r e d m o r e than 60 i n demonstrations f:' e a r l i e r this m o n t h ] c o u l d v e r y '; well happen i n M a d r i d " . the S ; J u n t a spokesman said. The Spanish Communist Partv has issued a statement s a y i n g K that negotiations should be?, started w i t h " reformist " mem- i bers of the G o v e r n m e n t , the 1. A r m y and the C h u r c h to e s t a b f. l i s h a p r o v i s i o n a l g o v e r n m e n t . KL'I ; ; pa ño la o Es o Fu o m m Calls against reforms at Madrid right-wing rmf Y ci nd a Fu 6 | WEST EUROPE. Spanish regime bans press conference yj by opposition alliance F r o m , O u r Correspondent M a d r i d , M a r c h 29 T h e S p a n i s h G o v e r n m e n t tonight banned a news conference called by Democratic Coordination, the new and important alliance of opposition political groups, and temporarily d e t a i n e d t w o o f its l e a d e r s . At the conference, the l e a d e r s o f t h e 13 g r o u p s w h i c h m a k e u p the n e w o r g a n i z a t i o n w e r e t o have presented a manifesto c a l l i n g f o r a d e m o c r a t i c b r e a k f r o m the o l d F r a n c o reeime a n d the establishment '. ;_:«.—.•»rtn.«j«impnt of .'a'provisional government. R u t before i t began secret p o l i t i c a l p o l i c e a r r i v e d at the M a d r i d ' o f f i c e s of S e ñ o r A n t o n i o Garcia Trevijano, a lawyer, w h e r e the o p p o s i t i o n l e a d e r s were gathering. S e ñ o r R a u l M o r o d o of the Popular Socialist P a r t y and S e ñ o r M a r c e l i n o Camacho, the former political prisoner and one o f the leaders o f the w o r k e r s ' c o m m i s s i o n s (the powerful underground trade u n i o n m o v.~e m e n t ), , were taken to police headquarters. There they w e r e q u e s t i o n e d a n d , i t was bel i e v e d , later released. T h e b a n n i n g o f the m e e t i n g on the direct orders of Senor M a n u e l F r a g a I r i b a r n e , the I n t e r i o r M i n i s t e r , i s b o u n d to antagonize the opposition, w h i c h has l o s t c o n f i d e n c e i n t h e d e m o c r a t i c i n t e n t i o n s of the Government. R e c e n t l y a greater d e g r e e o f t o l e r a t i o n has b e e n e x e r c i s e d b y the a u t h o r i t i e s , b u t t h i s b a n n i n g c o u l d be the start of a n e w wave of r e p r e s s i o n . Senor Fraga, who is regarded as one o f the " r e f o r m i s t " m e m b e r s o f the G o v e r n m e n t , m a d e TR AN SI p r e f e r r e b i r t h " . H e was referr i n g to the r e b i r t h of the Falange. A w o m a n p r e c e d i n g h i m at the r a l l y r e a d out telegrams of s u p p o r t s a i d to be f r o m G e r m a n N a z i s , right w i n g C r o a t i a n nationalists a n d C u b a n e x i l e s . A n o t h e r s p e a k e r w a r n e d the a u d i e n c e that those w h o w a n t e d changes i n S p a i n r e a l l y w a n t e d to i n t r o d u c e d e p r a v i t y a n d the use of d r u g s . A f t e r the r a l l y the c r o w d massed b e h i n d r e d a n d b l a c k F a l a n g i s t flags, r a i s e d t h e i r a r m s i n a fascist salute a n d sang the F a l a n g i s t song, " F a c e to the S u n " . T h e r e were also shouts o f : "To h e l l w i t h the C a b i n e t " , " F r a n c o yes, F r a g a no " ( S e n o r F r a g a I r i b a r n e , the M i n i s t e r of t h e I n t e r i o r ) a n d " S a c k the Government". R e p r e s e n t a t i v e s of the two m a i n o p p o s i t i o n c o a l i t i o n s , the Communist-oriented Democratic J u n t a a n d the Socialist-founded P l a t f o r m of D e m o c r a t i c C o n vergence, w o u n d u p talks i n Madrid yesterday with an a p p a r e n t a g r e e m e n t to f o r m a u n i t e d front. T h e y d e c i d e d to press f o r a " d e m o c r a t i c b r e a k " w i t h w h a t was left of the Franco regime. ón F r o m O u r C o r r e s p o n d e n t ty M a d r i d , M a r c h 28 t / More than 2,000 people attended a right-wing rally today shouting: "Franco, Franco, Franco " . They cheered w h e n they w e r e t o l d : " W e are n o t a s h a m e d to b e r e f e r r e d to as t h e B u n k e r " (the entrenched right). Y o u n g men wearing red and w h i t e a r m bands, dressed i n k h a k i s h i r t s a n d b l a c k trousers t u c k e d i n t o boots p a t r o l l e d the edges of the c r o w d i n a s q u a r e outside a c i n e m a w h e r e the r a l l y was h e l d . T h e r e w e r e also u n i f o r m e d m e m b e r s o f a E u r o p e a n neofascist v o u t h m o v e m e n t , m e m bers o í the b l u e u n i f o r m e d F a l a n g i s t y o u t h and b e m e d a l l e d b l u e - s h i r t e d v e t e r a n s o f the Civil War. In a speech S e ñ o r B l a s P i n a r , a m e m b e r of the C o r t e s b y a p p o i n t m e n t a n d l e a d e r o f the r i g h t - w i n g N e w F o r c e movement, t o l d h i s f o l l o w e r s that they were " the spiritual reserve of the West." H e said that c h a n g e was unnecessary w h e n a perfect system h a d been achieved. "Faced with the choice between r e f o r m and r e b i r t h , we pa ño la ( : i Es j M a d r i d , M a r c h 24 " P o l i t i c a l v i o l e n c e a n d arrests, c o n t i n u e d i n S p a i n today astf _ur C a b i n e t m i n i s t e r s took -.•great pains to c o n v i n c e n a t i o n a l i pewspaper editors that they ' r e a l l y want democracy. 'i* T h e p u r p o s e of the m e e t i n g | between the editors a n d t h e , -i m i n i s t e r s of I n t e r i o r , J u s t i c e , ' I n f o r m a t i o n and T o u r i s m and; ; the N a t i o n a l M o v e m e n t was t o | •; o b t a i n more " p o s i t i v e " report-, ' i n g about the C a b i n e t ' s p r o p o s a l , • to g i v e p o l i t i c a l parties g r e a t e r o p p o r t u n i t y for l e g a l recognii tion. The draft l a w w h i c h the m i n i s t e r s t r i e d to s e l l to the ; editors does not use the w o r d ; " p a r t y " ; i t refers to p o l i t i c a l i | organizations in the Franco I : regime's t e r m i n o l o g y as " asso• ciations", and it requires a l l s u c h associations to be a p a r t of the p r e s e n t s i n g l e p a r t y : o r g a n i z a t i o n , k n o w n as the N a t i o n a l M o v e m e n t . T h e minis; ters a p p a r e n t l y h o p e d to conv i n c e the editors t h a t the draft law will really allow political : p a r t i e s to exist i n S p a i n . Madrid, M a r c h 24.—About 300 Spanish journalists, demanding freedom of the press, were c h a r g e d by p o l i c e w i t h d r a w n batons i n c e n t r a l M a d r i d today. 1 F r o m Our Correspondent Franco wholeheartedly in the M a d r i d , M a r c h 25 u p r i s i n g against the S p a n i s h The political p o l i c e were R e p u b l i c w h i c h b r o u g h t h i m to ¿¿1 s e a r c h i n g M a d r i d t o d a y f o r p o w e r . T h e d i c t a t o r l a t e r t u r n e d '•>•) P r i n c e s s M a r i a T e r e s a B o u r b o n - his b a c k on the C a r l i s t s , howj f [ P a r m a , one of the K i n g ' s ever, to p i c k P r i n c e J u a u Car} r e l a t i v e s , to hand her an los, t h e son o f the I s a b e l i n a ii'r| e x p u l s i o n o r d e r . K i n g Juan claimant and grandson of •Sf C a r l o s ' s G o v e r n m e n t a p p a r e n t l y S p a i n ' s last k i n g , A l f o n s o X I I I . l l c o n s i d e r s the princess, sister to T h e C a r l i s t s d i d not g i v e u p , " I the S p a n i s h m o n a r c h ' s C a r l i s t e v e n after P r i n c e J u a n C a r l o s ' j r i v a l , P r i n c e C a r l o s H u g o , a assumed the C r o w n . P r i n c e s s | f threat to n a t i o n a l s e c u r i t y . M a r i a Teresa, who h ad entered H General Franco expelled Spain secretly a number of | P r i n c e C a r l o s H u g o and the times o v e r the past f e w years, vj r e s t of his f a m i l y , except f o r a r r i v e d h e r e w i t h o u t f a n f a r e lii his D u t c h wife P r i n c e s s I r e n e , and a p p a r e n t l y w i t h g o v e r n m e n t f:| i n December, 1968, s e v e n consent about a m o n t h ago. A n ;i months before he n a m e d the a r t i c l e by h e r o n C a r i i s m was ':i then P r i n c e J u a n C a r l o s as. h i s p u b l i s h e d i n The Times o n W e d e v e n t u a l successor a n d p o l i t i c a l nesday last week. I heir. The political police sumA weeic ago the C a r l i s t p r i n c e m o n e d Senor Jose Maria I a r r i v e d in M a d r i d b y a i r f r o m Z a b a l a , secretary-general o f t h e Paris. T h e p o l i c e at the a i r p o r t o u t l a w e d C a r l i s t P a r t y , to a I put hint back on the same air- p o l i c e s t a t i o n last night. T h e y i craft r e f u s i n g h i m entry, are s a i d to have asked h i m to j T h e C a r l i s t s h a d h i g h hopes b r i n g t h e m the princess's pass] that t h e i r m a n w o u l d m o u n t the p o r t so that they c o u l d p u t a j t h r o n e one day, as t h e i r v o l u n . stamp i n i t w h i c h w o u l d e n d !l reer troops s u p p o r t e d G e n e r a l her visa w i t h i n 24 hours. N • Rujjm O u r C o r r e s p o n d e n t Police search Madrid fo£ », sister of rival prince & C IÓ Editors hear Madrid's reform plans i t c l e a r last w e e k that a n y o r g a n i z a t i o n p r o p o s i n g a democratic break with the regime " w i l l have to d e a l w i t h m e " . Democratic Coordination, the j o i n t p r o d u c t o f the o l d c o m munist-founded Democratic J u n t a a n d t h e socialist-based P l a t f o r m of Democratic Convergence, came together last w e e k after m o n t h s o f negot i a t i n g a n d b i c k e r i n g about policies. T h e manifesto w h i c h w a s t o have b e e n p r e s e n t e d at t o n i g h t ' s j c o n f e r e n c e c a l l s f o r a democratic break with the Francoist regime with an amnesty* for political prisoners' (estimates o f t h e i r number' v a r y f r o m 600 to 1,800) ; the', r e t u r n of a l l p o l i t i c a l e x i le s | w i t h guarantees t h a t t h e y w i l l 'n o t be a r r e s t e d a n d t r i e d f o r j old political offences; recognition of political rights without e x c l u s i o n , b o t h for n a t i o n a l a n d regional p a r t i e s ; an independ e n t a n d u n i t e d j u d i c i a r y system, w h i c h would mean that p o l i t i c a l courts w o u l d d i s a p . p e a r ; a n d the n e u t r a l i t y of the armed forces in internal affairs. Democratic Coordination, or P l a t a j u n t a as i t is p o p u l a r l y c a l l e d , says that g e n e r a l elections based o n u n i v e r s a l suffrage s h o u l d be c a l l e d after t h e setting up of a provisional Government, T h e r e is l i t t l e n e w i n the programme for other opposition g r o u p s have b e e n m a k i n g s i m i tar p o i n t s f o r m o n t h s ; b u t w h a t is i m p o r t a n t is that f o r t h e f i r s t rime i n at least 40 years the S p a n i s h o p p o s i t i o n has s t a r t e d to f o r m c o m m o n p o l i c i e s a n d c o m e together. j O O O O O O O O O O O O O 0 O po Seville welcome for King seen as political test o ] ' T h e p o l i c e c l a i m e d that the d e m o n s t r a t i o n had been c a l l e d by " s u b v e r s i v e groups from various illegal organizations" a n d had been p r o h i b i t e d by the a u t h o r i t i e s . T h e y b r o k e up the protest with tear gas and r u b b e r b u l l e t s , a c c o r d i n g to the i n e w s p a p e r . One of the i n j u r e d , S e ñ o r i t a C a r m e n M a r t i n e z , had 'received "serious head injuries". 1 A n u m b e r of p e o p l e w e r e I a r r e s t e d , some of w h o m were r e l e a s e d w i t h i n hours, j Shops and schools were I c l o s e d i n S e v i l l e t o d a y to enI sure a l a r g e a t t e n d a n c e for the ; From Our Correspondent M a d r i d , M a r c h 31 The political temperature rose i n M a d r i d t o d a y w h e n i t was l e a r n t t h a t a s u i t h a d b e e n f i l e d against t h r e e m i n i s t e r s a l l e g i n g that t h e y h a d i n s u l t e d the N a t i o n a l M o v e m e n t , S p a i n ' s only l e g a l p o l i t i c a l o r g a n i z a t i o n , that ' four Opposition and headers h e l d at p o l i c e headquarters may be tried for illegal p o l i t i c a l a c t i v i t i e s . ón ; I j \ , j j ; P a r a d o x i c a l l y , the h e w B i l l T o f legalize political associations says that a l l those w i s h i n g to be | r e c o g n i z e d m u s t respect t h e fun- r d a m e n t a l l a w s o f the M o v e m e n t , jj It is t h e r e f o r e d i f f i c u l t to un-f: derstand how the M o v e m e n t ' c o u l d be e x c l u d e d . Señor Antonio Garcia Trevijano, a M a d r i d lawyer, S e ñ o r ; M a r c e l l i n o C a m a c h o , one of t h e | l e a d e r s of the W o r k e r s C o m m i s sions, S e ñ o r J a v i e r A l v a r e z , of the S p a n i s h c o m m u n i s t move- j ment, and Señor Nazario f A g u a d o , of the W o r k e r s P a r t y , w e r e s t i l l b e i n g q u e s t i o n e d today by p o l i c e . S e ñ o r G a r c i a was s u m m o n e d to p o l i c e h e a d q u a r t e r s yesterday m o r n i n g w h i l e t h e o t h e r three were arrested on M o n d a y n i g h t after t h e b a n n i n g of a news c o n f e r e n c e p l a n n e d by the D e m o c r a t i c C o o r d i n a t i o n , the new a l l i a n c e of left-wing opposition groups. It b e c a m e c l e a r e r t o d a y that the G o v e r n m e n t is d e l i b e r a t e l y singling out for harassment those g r o u p s w i t h c o m m u n i s t p r i n c i p l e s o r s y m p a t h i e s . Oppos i t i o n s p o k e s m e n p o i n t e d out that two other people, both Socialists, were arrested on M o n d a y n i g h t b u t were r e l e a s e d soon afterwards. L e g a l sources s a i d the f o u r c o u l d be t r i e d for offences against t h e i n t e r n a l s e c u r i t y of the state. C o p i e s of a m a n i festo w h i c h was to have b e e n presented on M o n d a y circulated clandestinely today. Charges c o u l d be b r o u g h t o n the basis of a p a r a g r a p h i n the d o c u m e n t w h i c h says t h a t t h e o r g a n i z a t i o n is " o p p o s e d " to t h e cont i n u a t i o n of t h e r e g i m e , w h i c h is m a k i n g d e m o c r a t i c freedoms for the p e o p l e i m p o s s i b l e . nd a ci The separate developments u n d e r l i n e the g r o w i n g p o l i t i c a l struggle i n S p a i n , w i t h the G o v e r n m e n t w a l k i n g a tightrope b e t w e e n t r y i n g to satisfy the Opposition's growing demand for speedy democratic r e f o r m s a n d not t o antagonize the r i g h t , w h i c h does not want to c h a n g e the s y s t e m c r e a t e d by G e n e r a l F r a n c o . In the c o u r t a c t i o n , S e ñ o r Mariano Sanchez Covisa, r e g a r d e d as t h e l e a d e r of the extreme right-wing g ro u p called W a r r i o r s of C h r i s t t h e K i n g , yesterday n a m e d S e ñ o r M a n u e l I Fraga, the I n t e r i o r M i n i s t e r , S e ñ o r J o s é M a r i a A r e i l z a , the j Foreign M i n i s t e r , and S e ñ o r i Antonio G a r r i g u e s , the Justice} Minister. The three are! " r e f o r m i s t " m e m b e r s of t h e ' Government a n d r e c e n t l y the' butt of c r i t i c i s m b y r i g h t - w i n g ! groups. H Señor Sanchez based his i action o n t h e fact t h a t a n e w ' Bill before the C o r t e s , d r a w n ' ; op b y t h e three ministers j among others, to a l l o w g r e a t e r I Spolitical freedom with the [legalization of " p o l i t i c a l asso- j nations" (not p a r t i e s ) s p e c i f i cally e x c l u d e s a l l t o t a l i t a r i a n [roups. i He a r g u e d t h a t t h i s w o u l d lean t h a t e v e n t h e N a t i o n a l Hovement m i g h t be banned together with those groups thich are i n t e g r a t e d i n t o it. Ceneral F r a n c o c r e a t e d the Hovement i n 1937, out of a l l I ae o r g a n i z a t i o n s f i g h t i n g o n ¡ fe side i n the c i v i l w a r . A c c o r d - ' .fcg to t h e i r p r o g r a m m e , the I iitate w o u l d be " a t o t a l i t a r i a n ' Instrument at the s e r v i c e of the whole c o u n t r y " . 1 I n f o r m e d sources s a i d that the arrests have l e d to a confrontation between Señor Areilza and Señor Fraga, who was said to have b e e n s e v e r e l y criticized by the Foreign Minister for ordering the arrests, w h i c h w o u l d not be I good for S p a i n ' s i m a g e a b r o a d ] at a t i m e w h e n i t was attempting to j o i n the E u r o p e a n C o m I munity. ] I n an i n t e r v i e w p u b l i s h e d to' day, S e ñ o r F r a g a r e p e a t e d his ¡ w a r n i n g that c o m m u n i s t s w o u l d not be t o l e r a t e d . H e a d d e d that t h e r e w o u l d be no amnesty. : .0,0.0 : EUROPE Madrid/ends chance w of peaceful change' w e l c o m e of the r o y a l c o u p l e i n the c i t y c e n t r e Among the places to be v i s i t e d by the K i n g is C a m p o c de G i b r a l t a r , the zone across the B a y of A l g e c i r a s f r o m Gibr a l t a r w h e r e o v e r the past few years S p a i n has made large industrial investments. The ' K i n g will also visit J e r e z de l a F r o n t e r a , the centre of the s h e r r y d i s t r i c t and t h e i n d u s t r i a l area near H u e l v a . G o v e r n m e n t officials are part i c u l a r l y i n t e r e s t e d i n the K i n g ' s r e c e p t i o n i n S e v i l l e , w h i c h is rapidly becoming a leading i n d u s t r i a l centre. Like his recent tour of C a t a l o n i a , the K i n g ' s v i s i t to A n d a l u s i a is e x p e c t e d to in- | crease his p o p u l a r i t y at this r d i f f i c u l t moment of t r a n s i t i o n . | T h i s type of tour is not, how- f ever, without its dangers, | e s p e c i a l l y i n v i e w of the K i n g ' s | i n s i s t e n c e o n a m i n i m u m of s e c u r i t y and o n l e t t i n g people come close to h i m a n d the Queen. , E a r l i e r today, before setting out for S e v i l l e the r o y a l c o u p l e bade f a r e w e l l to K i n g H u s a i n and Q u e e n A l i a of J o r d a n , who stayed overnight at the | ; Zarzuela Palace. K i n g H u s a i n had his left h a n d i n a cast, „ r e p o r t e d l y as a r e s u l t of an te i n j u r y w h i l e p r a c t i s i n g karate, Court action against V] ministers in> Spain o F r o m O u r Correspondent M a d r i d , M a r c h 30 One o f the leaders of Spain's newly formed opposition allia n c e s a i d o n h i s release t o d a y after a n i g h t o f p o l i c e i n t e r r o gation that the Government h a d w r e c k e d a l l c h a n c e s of a transition to democracy by negotiation. S e ñ o r R a u l M o r o d o was one of t h e s i x l e a d e r s of t h e D e m o cratic A l l i a n c e arrested last n i g h t b y secret p o l i c e j u s t as t h e y w e r e to g i v e a p r e s s conf e r e n c e s e t t i n g o u t t h e a i m s of the new organization now Spain's biggest opposition grouping. He said the Government's a c t i o n was a p o l i t i c a l b l u n d e r , w h i c h " h a d w r e c k e d t h e possibility of negotiations". B u t he a d d e d t h a t the a l l i a n c e w o u l d c o n t i n u e to c a m p a i g n f o r democracy whatever happened. T h r e e left-wing l e a d e r j o f the alliance, including Señor M a r c e l i n o Camacho, leader of the p o w e r f u l u n d e r g r o u n d t r a d e union movement, were still h e l d at M a d r i d p o l i c e h e a d q u a r t e r s today. T h e n e w g r o u p i n g u n i t e s the § | | § I | Commuti¡st-formed D e m o c r a t i c ?" , * c Junta and the Platform of f, l iemocratic Convergence, link¥¿£S$m "ng Socialists and Christian | É ¡ S K 1 * Democrats. ! T h e a i m s i t i n t e n d e d to an- C-j^SflS no unce l a s t n i g h t i n c l u d e t h e E & a r a f g r a p i d dismantling of the Franco P ** regime and the formation, * •J w i t h m e m b e r s of the p r e s e n t \ G o v e r n m e n t , o f a p r o v i s i o n a l k." " 'government to oversee the p | l l ¡ ¡ | p J t r a n s i t i o n to d e m o c r a c y . ?.• S p a n i s h n e w s p a p e r s a n d news- I » . y agencies have b e e n w a r n e d b y (the G o v e r n m e n t not to p r i n t the ; a l l i a n c e s m a n i f e s t o . P r e s s re- «> ports have repeatedly referred \ ,;i to the o r g a n i z a t i o n as c o m m u n - < w h e n i n fact C h r i s t i a n L: ist, D e m o c r a t s a n d S o c i a l i s t s f o r m j}'; a l a r g e p a r t of the g r o u p i n g . | . ±¡¿ AN SI I o — The r e p o r t s are s e e n as a n f a t t e m p t to d i s c r e d i t t h e j o i n t ' ' front, a n d alienate it f r o m pub- ' lie o p i n i o n . L t„ , . Meanwhile, a worker was shot d e a d at a f a c t o r y near S a n ' ; . S e b a s t i a n today. E T A , the e x - p ¡ M 3 p É t r e m e B a s q u e separatist g r o u p , : " ' • . . . is suspected. t'.f^-~. Ripe for d e m o c r a c y : Señorf."*' José Vidal B e n e y t o , of the ' 3 Democratic Junta, told the' R o y a l I n s t i t u t e of I n t e r n a t i o n a l [ A f f a i r s i n L o n d o n t h a t S p a i n •/*.; was r i p e f o r d e m o c r a c y . H e i s the r e p r e s e n t a t i v e o f the S o c i a l . ; ist C o n f e d e r a t i o n i n the P a r i s based c o m m i t t e e of the J u n t a , i'% \-fjrf TR ^ S e v i l l e , M a r c h 29 K i n g J u a n C a r l o s a r r i v e d today i n S e v i l l e w h e r e i n an antiG o v e r n m e n t d e m o n s t r a t i o n yesterday dozens of p e o p l e w e r e said to have been i n j u r e d . The K i n g a n d Queen S o p h i a began a w e e k - l o n g tour of A n d a l u s i a . T h e p r o g r a m m e of t h e i r v i s i t was a l t e r e d to r e d u c e the K i n g ' s e x p o s u r e to the p u b l i c a p p a r e n t l y f o r s e c u r i t y reasons. A c c o r d i n g to t h e newspaper Hoja del Lunes, about 500 p e o p l e took, part i n the demonstration s h o u t i n g for amnesty for p o l i t i c a l p r i s o n e r s and the r e c o g n i t i o n of h u m a n r i g h t s . o. WEST i1976 F r o m H a r r y Debelius o pa ño la O Es O N O C IÓ O Fu O 1 ; Señor Beneyto said the . S p a n i s h G o v e r n m e n t was man- í, o e u v r i n g to present a demo- i c r a t i c f a c a d e b u t the K i n g h a d T- : ? . V r not g r a s p e d the o p p o r t u n i t y to develop real democracy. S p a i n was n o w a d e v e l o p i n g i n d u s t r i a l c o u n t r y w i t h a manag e r i a l class c o n v i n c e d t h a t f u l l i n t e g r a t i o n i n t o the E E C was a p r e c o n d i t i o n of e c o n o m i c development. j : ! ; :1 SÍ! [King hears of Andalusia water sh_>ptegç Frc-rn H a r r y D e b e l i u s /.s. S e v i l l e , M a r c h 30 K i n g J u a n C a r l o s accepted the a d u l a t i o n of thousands who j a m m e d the m a i n square of C a r m o n a , near S e v i l l e , today. T h e K i n g and Queen S o p h i a had e a r l i e r v i s i t e d a n e w housing estate in Seville then d r i v e n to C a r m o n a , a h i l l - t o p town about 25 m i l e s to the east. In C a r m o n a , on the second d a y of his w e e k - l o n g tour o f western A n d a l u s i a , the King l i s t e n e d to l o c a l a u t h o r i t i e s who t o l d h i m about the need f o r i r r i g a t i o n of the s u r r o u n d i n g f a r m l a n d . T h e G o v e r n m e n t has d e m o n s t r a t i o n s for frightening offered to share the cost of the tourists away. i r r i g a t i o n with the l a n d o w n e r s . S e n o r Ignacio A g i r r e , the C a r m o n a ' s open w e l c o m e of n e w l y a p p o i n t e d U n d e r - S e c r e the r o y a l c o u p l e today was t a r y f o r T o u r i s m , who attended e s p e c i a l l y s i g n i f i c a n t as less today's inauguration, has than two years ago the G u a r d i a a l r e a d y halted plans f o r a n u m C i v i l had shot dead one person ber of other n e w i n n s i n o r d e r i n riots oyer the water shortage. to cut the losses caused by the T h e K i n g and Q u e e n inaugu- d r o p i n t o u r i s m . rated a government-run i n n . It T h e K i n g a n d Queen were t. was opened at a m o m e n t when cheered w h e r e v e r they went i n concern is g r o w i n g over the this l a r g e l y a g r i c u l t u r a l r e g i o n i n c r e a s i n g n u m b e r s of cancellaof A n d a l u s i a . T h e r e was a d stions by f o r e i g n t r a v e l agencies. t i n c t atmosphere of a fiesta i n M i H o t e l owners and others i n the the v i l l a g e s , w i t h m a n y c h i l d r e n / c a t e r i n g business are b l a m i n g i n the audiences as schools] press reports of strikes and were closed f o r the day. J : pa ño la if; Spanish court indicts Rift reported in Spanish Cabinet Our opposition leaders forsubversion Fu nd a ci r e p r e s e n t i n g i l l e g a l opposition p a r t i e s h a d requested- permission to h o l d a p e a c e f u l demons t r a t i o n i n the centre of M a d r i d n e x t S u n d a y . T h e i r p e t i t i o n was c o n s i d e r e d g e n e r a l l y to be a test o f the G o v e r n m e n t ' s many p r o m i s e s - to a l l o w non-violent political- activity. ... • . S o o n after i t was submitted Comrepresentatives of the batants' F e d e r a t i o n , the organi z a t i o n of C i v i l W a r veterans' w h o fought on G e n e r a l F r a n c o ' s side, a s k e d f o r p e r m i s s i o n to h o l d a d e m o n s t r a t i o n o n the s a m e day at the same p l a c e and at a l m o s t the same t i m e . T o d a y i t was a n n o u n c e d that both requests h a d b e e n t u r n e d d o w n . Telephone employees walked out i n the m a i n c i t i e s today; I n B a r c e l o n a the p o l i c e took at least 10 i n t o custody. T h o u s a n d s of telephone employees then m a r c h e d t h r o u g h a m a i n street to the p o l i c e stat i o n d e m a n d i n g the release of t h e i r f e l l o w s t r i k e r s . T h e 10 w e r e set free almost i m m e d i ately w i t h o u t f u r t h e r i n c i d e n t . C IÓ N Es J o s é S o f o R u i z , the L a b o u r M i n i s t e r , is b e l i e v e d to be at loggerheads w i t h S e ñ o r R o d o l f o M a r t i n V i l l a , M i n i s t e r f o r the state-run traide unions, about the u n i o n s ' future. T h e ¿ a t e s t d i v i s i o n c a m e at a t i m e w h e n the f i r s t p o s t - F r a n c o G o v e r n m e n t was a l r e a d y u n d e r f i r e f r o m b o t h r i g h t a n d left a n d i n w h a t s e e m e d to be danger of b e i n g d i s s o l v e d . It has a l i e n a t e d the right because of p r o m i s e s of l i b e r a l i z a t i o n , and the left because, the promises h a v e n o t been c a r r i e d out. ' y T h e dispute between S e ñ o r Solis, w h o s e r v e d w i t h S e ñ o r Fraga under General Franco i n the 1960s a n d r e t u r n e d to the C a b i n e t w i t h h i m after the general's death, and Señor Martin Villa arose because S e ñ o r M a r t i n V i l l a s a i d the G o v e r n m e n t - r u n unions w o u l d have to d i s a p p e a r e v e n t u a l l y . S e ñ o r Solis, an o l d F a l a n g i s t , is thought to be opposed to s u c h a r a d i c a l change. M o r e t h a n 300 p e t i t i o n e r s AN SI ón ; Communist and pro-Communist groups. It stated t h a t one of the reasons f o r the arrests was that the o p p o s i t i o n leaders h a d not asked p o l i c e p e r m i s s i o n to h o l d the news conference at w h i c h t h e y i n t e n d e d to a n n o u n c e the f o r m a t i o n of what the note c a l l e d the n e w i l l e g a l organization. A f t e r the h e a r i n g before a p u b l i c o r d e r c o u r t t o d a y the arrested leaders were taken from police headquarters in M a d r i d , Where m o s t of t h e m h a v e been since M o n d a y , to C a r a b a n c h e l p r i s o n . T h e magistrate refused b a i l . O p p o s i t i o n leaders w h o also s i g n e d the d o c u m e n t but have not b e e n c h a r g e d were a m o n g the s i g n a t o r i e s of a p e t i t i o n p r e s e n t e d at the I n t e r i o r M i n i s t r y this m o r n i n g c a l l i n g for the release of those a r r e s t e d . The petition included the names of S e ñ o r R a u l M o r o d o and S e ñ o r Javier Solana Madar i a g a , also h e l d o n M o n d a y n i g h t but r e l e a s e d after interrogation, and S e ñ o r Joaquín Ruiz Giménez, a former Franco m i n i s t e r a n d n o w the most prominent Christian Democratic I leader. P r o s p e c t s of the e a r l y release of a S a n S e b a s t i á n i n d u s t r i a l i s t , | k i d n a p p e d two weeks ago by the o u t l a w e d Basque separatist organization E T A , were dam-: aged today by a n Interior.' M i n i s t r y order forbidding all negotiations w i t h k i d n a p p e r s . I t , is b e l i e v e d that the f a m i l y o f ! the m i s s i n g m a n , S e ñ o r A n g e l B e r a z a d i , h a d b e e n close to agreement with the ETA, t h r o u g h secret contacts, for his release o n p a y m e n t of a large ransom. __ ¡ In San S e b a s t i á n , authorities I banned a university roundtable d i s c u s s i o n o n the future of the B a s q u e c o u n t r y , pro- ; h i b i t e d a l u n c h i n h o n o u r of a-l o c a l poet, a n d s e i z e d . copies j of a n o v e l i n the Basque language. t TR F r o m O u r C o r r e s p o n d e n t ZQ Madrid; April 1 tV A p o l i t i c a l c o u r t today i n d i e t e d f o u r o p p o s i t i o n leaders on charges, of u n d e r m i n i n g the s e c u r i t y of the state by s i g n i n g an a g r e e m e n t u n i t i n g S p a i n ' s two most p o w e r f u l o p p o s i t i o n groups. T h e m e n are S e ñ o r M a r c e lino C a m a c h o , S p a i n ' s ' bestknown l a b o u r leader and a prominent member of the Communist-influenced Workers' Commissions; Señor Antonio Garcia-Trevijano, a well-known l a w y e r ; S e ñ o r Nazario José Aguado Águila, andSeñor Francisco Javier A l v a r e z Dorr o n s o r o . both a l l e g e d to be c o m m u n i s t s . T h e y face p r i s o n sentences of u p to 2Í0 y e a r s . They were arrested with s e v e r a l other leaders of the n e w grouping on M o n d a y night just as they w e r e to give a press conference setting o u t i the alliance's manifesto. M o s t of the o t h e r s -held have been freed. . , O t h e r s w h o s i g n e d the document, w h i c h u n i t e d the C o m munist-founded Democratic [unta and the socialistoriented P l a t f o r m of Democratic Convergence, included r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s of a n u m b e r of o c i a l i s t a n d . C h r i s t i a n demoi c r a t i c parties. T h e f o r m a t i o n of the a l l i a n c e , i the D e m o c r a t i c C o o r d i n a t i o n , i m p l i e s the greatest p o l i t i c a l t h r e a t so far to K i n g J u a n '. C a r l o s ' s G o v e r n m e n t . It unites 5 n e a r l y a l l the o p p o s i t i o n g r o u p s i in a common platform, calling for a b r e a k w i t h the i n s t i t u tions of the F r a n c o r e g i m e a n d a speedy t r a n s i t i o n to democracy under a provisional government. ' The Government warned n e w s p a p e r e d i t o r s e a r l i e r this week not to c a r r y i n f o r m a t i o n r.bout the new a l l i a n c e a n d its a i m s . P o l i c e f o l l o w e d that up t o d a y with a n o f f i c i a l note a l l e g i n g that both the J u n t a and the P l a t f o r m are d o m i n a t e d by F r o m Our Correspondent Madrid, April 2 R e p o r t s of a n e w r i f t i n K i n g M Juan Carlos's Cabinet circulated h e r e today a n d p o l i t i c a l tension h e i g h t e n e d after the p o l i c e t o l d organizers of left and right-wing demonstrations that n e i t h e r d e m o n s t r a t i o n would' be tolerated. T h e r e were also u n c o n f i r m e d j repOnts i n the c a p i t a l t o d a y t h a t Señor M a n u e l Fraga Iribarne, 1 the tough and ambitious j I n t e r i o r M i n i s t e r , who is overi shadowing completely Señor f Carlos Arias Navarro, die P r i m e ! M i n i s t e r , has r e c e i v e d a s e c r e t i w a r n i n g of a suspected c o n : spiracy, involving some s generals, to take c o n t r o l o f the I country. T h e names of the • ' generals were not k n o w n , j S e r i o u s differences between i S e ñ o r F r a g a , the s t r o n g m a n of Señor ] the Government, and José Maria de A r e i l z a , the ' liberal Foreign Minister, were already c o m m o n knowledge i n I political circles here. It was " also l e a r n t today that S e ñ o r