UNIT FOUR STICK TO THE RULES

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“Valores y Tecnología para la Formación Integral del Ser Humano”
UNIT FOUR
STICK TO THE RULES
COMPETENCIES
AND
PERFORMANCE
INDICATORS
•The imperative
•May/Might. Could, Have to/ had to, Must/Mustn’t
•Rules: Can, Be allowed to, warnings
•Quantifiers: each/every
•Love/like and don´t like
•Conversation exercises
•Vocabulary
•Theme project
COMPETENCIAS E INDICADORES DE
DESEMPEÑO
The imperative
The imperative mood (often referred to simply as a command) is used to express demands,
instructions or requests.
We usually use the second person (plulral or singular) with an unspoken "you" for the subject.
When you're feeling bossy you can use the imperative.
For example:Come in!
Shut that door.
Turn that computer off now!
English.
You can also tell people not to do something.
For example:-
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Don't eat that gummy bear!
This can all seem a bit rude really, so you can soften the command:For example:Please, come in.
Shut the door, please.
The exeption to the use of the second person is when you want to include yourself in your
suggestion, here we use "Let's ....".
For example:Let's go to the pub.
If you can't see the difference between saying to someone "Go to the pub", and "Let's go to the
pub," you might never get to go to the pub yourself.
Let's stop now, I'm getting a headache.
May/Might. Could, Have to/ had to, Must/Mustn’t
All the auxiliary verbs except be, do and have are called modals. Unlike other auxiliary
verbs modals only exist in their helping form; they cannot act alone as the main verb in a
sentence.
Be, do, and have also differ from the other auxiliaries in that they can also serve as ordinary
English.
verbs in a given sentence.
The modal verbs are:-
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Modal
Can
Could
May
Might
Example
Uses
They can control their own budgets.
Ability / Possibility
We can’t fix it.
Inability / Impossibility
Can I smoke here?
Asking for permission
Can you help me?
Request
Could I borrow your dictionary?
Asking for permission.
Could you say it again more slowly?
Request
We could try to fix it ourselves.
Suggestion
I think we could have another Gulf War.
Future possibility
He gave up his old job so he could work for us.
Ability in the past
May I have another cup of coffee?
Asking for permission
China may become a major economic power.
Future possibility
We'd better phone tomorrow, they might be eating
Present possibility
their dinner now.
Future possibility
They might give us a 10% discount.
Must
We must say good-bye now.
Necessity / Obligation
They mustn’t disrupt the work more than necessary. Prohibition
We ought to employ a professional writer.
Saying what’s right or
English.
Ought to
correct
Shall
Shall I help you with your luggage?
Offer
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(More
Shall we say 2.30 then?
Suggestion
common in
the UK than Shall I do that or will you?
Asking what to do
the US)
Should
We should sort out this problem at once.
Saying what’s right or
correct
I think we should check everything again.
Recommending action
Profits should increase next year.
Uncertain prediction
Will
Would
I can’t see any taxis so I’ll walk.
Instant decisions
I'll do that for you if you like.
Offer
I’ll get back to you first thing on Monday.
Promise
Profits will increase next year.
Certain prediction
Would you mind if I brought a colleague with me?
Asking for permission
Would you pass the salt please?
Request
Would you mind waiting a moment?
Request
"Would three o`clock suit you?" - "That’d be fine."
Making arrangements
Would you like to play golf this Friday?
Invitation
"Would you prefer tea or coffee?" - "I’d like tea
Preferences
please."
English.
!Note The modal auxiliary verbs are always followed by the base form.
The verb used to, which is explained here, can also be used like a modal verb.
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Rules: Can, Be allowed to, warnings
Modal
Can
Example
Uses
They can control their own budgets.
Ability / Possibility
We can’t fix it.
Inability / Impossibility
Can I smoke here?
Asking for permission
Can you help me?
Request
Quantifiers: each/every
hese words are continually misapplied. Each can be applied to two or any higher number of
objects to signify every one of the number independently. Every requires more than two to be
spoken of and denotes all the persons or things taken separately. Either denotes one or the
other of two, and should not be used to include both. Neither is the negative of either, denoting
not the other, and not the one, and relating to two persons or thingsconsidered separately.
The following examples illustrate the correct usage of these words:
Each man of the crew received a reward.
Every man in the regiment displayed bravery.
We can walk on either side of the street.
Neither of the two is to blame.
English.
Love/like and don´t like
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ara expresar que algo nos gusta, se utilizan las siguientes frases:
I love... Me encanta(n)...
I like... Me gusta(n)...
I'm interested in... Me interesa(n)...
I'm fond of... Me gusta(n)...
...reading leer
...computers las computadoras
...travelling viajar
Para expresar que algo no nos gusta, se utilizan las siguientes frases:
I hate... Odio...
I dislike... No me gusta(n)
I don't like... No me gusta(n)
I'm not interested in... No me interesa(n)...
...reading leer
...computers las computadoras
...travelling viajar
En ambos casos, las expresiones son seguidas de un sustantivo o de un verbo en -ing (forma del
gerundio).
Intenta pensar en frases para decir lo que le gusta y lo que no le gusta hacer, comenzando con
alguna de las opciones mostradas. Por ejemplo:
I like dancing.
Me gusta bailar.
I love learning English.
Me encanta aprender inglés.
I'm fond of cooking.
Me gusta cocinar.
I don't like playing video-games.
No me gusta jugar a los videojuegos.
English.
I hate writing letters.
Odio escribir cartas.
I'm not interested in cinema.
No me interesa el cine.
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Conversation exercises
Vocabulary
fork(s)
plate(s)
bowl(s)
table
glass(es)
spoon(s)
cup(s)
teaspoon(s)
saucer(s)
chair
tablecloth(s)
placemat(s)
English.
knife (knives)
serviette(s)
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English.
“Valores y Tecnología para la Formación Integral del Ser Humano”
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