Transforming Experience

Transcripción

www.SOAW.org
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U.S. Resurrects Fourth
Fleet in Latin America
Building Supportive, Respectful, and Collaborative Relationships
with Survivors of Human Rights Abuses
The U.S. Fourth Fleet, which was dissolved after World War II, is back to reassert U.S. military
dominance over the region.
Lead by an aircraft carrier, the
fleet is operating as part of the
Pentagon’s Southern Command
and patrols the waters of the Caribbean and Latin America.
While Washington can point to
no imminent military threat, the
reactivation of the Fleet has a powerful symbolic significance, indicating a return to gunboat diplomacy.
SOA Watch at RNC and DNC
SOA Watch activists took to the
streets at the Democratic and the
Republican National
Conventions to expose
the double-standard in the
U.S. War on Terrorism
and to call for the closure
of the SOA/WHINSEC. Visit soaw.org for a report.
Masculinity and Militarism
Adriana Bartow-Portillo at the gates of Fort Benning with pictures of her daughters Rosaura and Glenda.
by Adriana Bartow Portillo
I know only too well the grief that the
disappearance of several family
members brings about. On September
11, 1981, a large contingent of
Guatemalan security forces, in two
separate but simultaneous military
operatives, detained and disappeared
my father, step-mother, sister-in-law,
my 18-month-old sister, and my two
daughters, Rosaura and Glenda, 9 and
10. Not a single one of them has ever
been seen or heard from since their
disappearance that day. Their names
join the list of close to 50,000 men,
women, and children disappeared in
Guatemala throughout 36 years of
war.
Disappearances are a double form of
suffering – for the victim and for their
relatives. Uncertain about the fate of
our loved ones, our emotions alternate
between hope and despair, wondering
Photo by Linda Panetta
and waiting...always waiting, for news
that may never come. The victims are
fully aware that their families don’t
know what has happened to them and
that the possibility that anyone will
come to their rescue is practically nonexistent.
If they are not killed and are eventually released, the survivors suffer for
the rest of their lives from the
Continued on Page 3
Tough, decisive, uncompromising, and
ready to fight are among the masculine gender norms that are enforced
on men through images in the media
and film industry, sports, peer pressure and the "boys don't cry" socialization. Violence is part of being a
"real" man, and it is seen as a legitimate way to resolve conflicts.
Continued on Page 11
En Español
Vigilia y Acción Directa
Experiencia Transformadora
Masculinidad y Militarismo
Imperialismo Adentro
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Página 10
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Página 12
Para más Presente articulos en español,
visite www.soaw.org/presente-esp
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Fall/Otoño 2008
Winds of Change from the South
is the newspaper of the movement
to close the School of the Americas. It is published three times a year and sent free of
charge to 30,000 subscribers. An additional
30,000 copies are being distributed through the
¡Presente! activist distributor network.
SOA Watch Council Members:
Liz Deligio, [email protected]
Palmer Legare, [email protected]
Deirdre MacDermott, 215-601-4805
[email protected] and Linda Panetta,
[email protected], 215-473-2162
Greg Speltz, [email protected]
Theresa Cameranesi, 415-876-1455,
[email protected] and Margaret
Johnson, [email protected]
Pedro-Jesus Romero-Menendez,
[email protected]
Andy Kafel, [email protected]
Gray Newman, [email protected]
Wayne Wittman, Veterans for Peace
Demissie Abebe and Harold Nelson,
Torture Abolition and Survivor Support
Coalition (TASSC)
SOA Watch Staff:
Luciana Andrade, Roy Bourgeois, Pam
Bowman, Eric LeCompte, April Farmer,
Ursela Groat, Lisa Sullivan-Rodriguez and
Hendrik Voss
Contact: SOA Watch, PO Box 4566
Washington, DC 20017, United States
Mass movements throughout Latin America
make history once again. After decades of
enduring brutal military dictatorships and after having been starved by neoliberal policies, the people are taking the power back.
Peoples movements have created change
that is more than a political campaign slogan. In Bolivia, the social movements have
swept Evo Morales, the first indigenous president into power. Morales is defying the pressure from the oligarchy and from the Bush
administration and for the first time in 500
years, the wealth of the country will no longer
be only distributed among the elites but will
benefit all of Bolivia. First Nations people are
on the forefront of social change throughout the hemisphere.
Preserving Latin America's abusive socioeconomic structure has long been the mission of institutions such as the School of the
Americas. These establishments have prolonged the suffering created by the enormous inequality that continues to plague the
Hypocrisy
In this issue
Fourth Fleet Reactivated
SOA Watch at RNC & DNC
Distribute Presente
What is the SOA?
November Vigil
Invitation to Cross the Line
Poster by Emily Wilson
New SOA Watch DVD
Imperialism Within
SOA Watch Email Newsletter
Father Roy’s Speaking Tour
Fundraising Appeal
region, and threaten today the improvements
that have been achieved.
It is time for people in the United States to
follow the examples of successful grassroots
movement s in the South. We have to organize and work together effectively, not only
to close the School of the Americas but to
change the entire U.S. foreign policy that the
SOA/WHINSEC represents.
by Eric J. Garcia
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Spread the Word!
“Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.”
- Nelson Mandela, South African freedom fighter
Become a Presente Bulk Distributor
We need your help to
spread the information about the School
of the Americas and
about the reality of U.S.
foreign policy. To that
end, we want to expand
the network of activist distributors around the country to get the paper in as
many hands as possible.
To become a ¡PRESENTE! distributor, please
send your address, the number of boxes that
you can distribute (one box contains 150 copies of the newspaper) and a check or money
order made out to "SOA Watch" to cover the
cost of printing and shipping ($25 per box) to:
PRESENTE! Activist Distributor Network
SOA Watch
PO Box 4566
Washington, DC 20017
i
Please also include your phone # and email.
You will receive your box of the next issue of
iPRESENTE! directly from the printer.
Excellent bulk distribution points for the newspaper are community centers, coffeehouses,
universities, libraries and progressive bookstores. You can also give copies to friends,
neighbors and strangers, hand it out at meetings or protests and use it for your general
outreach work in your community. The more
people know, the more people will speak out.
www.SOAW.org
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SOA Graduate Cited in Peru: Indigenous Up- Victory for Colombian
Parapolitica Scandal
rising Claims Victory Flower Workers
The government of Colombian president
Alvaro Uribe continues to be plagued
by the parapolítica
("parapolitics")
scandal, in which
some 60 members
of Congress have
been linked to the
United Self-Defense
Forces of Colombia
Colombian president
(AUC), a rightwing
Alvaro Uribe
paramilitary group
that is now officially demobilized. The majority
of these politicians are in Uribe's governing
coalition, and some are in the president's extended family. On August 12, 2008, a former
paramilitary, Luis Adrián Palacio ("Diomedes"),
gave testimony to the Attorney General's Office linking Gen. Mario Montoya, the head of
Indigenous groups in Peru ended more than
a week of militant protests on Aug. 20 at key
energy sites after lawmakers agreed to overturn a new law issued by President García,
which sought to ease corporate access to
communal territories. García had issued the
law by decree under special powers Congress
granted him to bring Peruvian law into compliance with a new free-trade deal with the
US. A congressional commission voted to revoke the law on August 19. "We have lifted
the strike," said Alberto Pizango, head of Amazon indigenous alliance AIDESEP. " (Reuters)
Finally, some of the Colombian workers picking and cutting the flowers we buy here in the
US have a union contract to protect
their rights on the job!
Workers at a flower plantation outside the Colombian capital Bogotá
won a campaign demanding their company recognize
and bargain with
the workers' union,
Asoflores. This is the
first time workers in
Colombia's emerging flower sector
formed an independent union and successfully forced their
employer to come to the
table and bargain a contract.
Continued from Page 1
physical and psychological consequences
of this form of dehumanization and from
the brutality and torture that almost always
accompany it. The family of the victim
experiences ongoing psychological torture,
wondering whether their loved ones are
alive and, if they are, where
and under what conditions. We are aware,
too, that we are also
under a great
threat and
that searching for
t h e
truth may expose us and other family
members to an even greater danger.
For the survivors, the acts of physical and
psychological torture inflicted upon them
are not the worst. The struggle to regain
their dignity, the ability to learn to trust
again, to be in the company of
others without wanting to hide,
to be able to sleep an entire
night without artificial means,
and even to be able to
experience joyful, albeit brief,
moments without feeling
guilty, represents one of the
biggest challenges.
There are some survivors that
are eager to share their story
with others in hopes that
doing so will contribute to
saving others from their
same fate. The sharing
experience, however, is
often excruciatingly painful
and stressful. Survivors
Graphic by Rini Templeton
who choose to tell their story relive these
horrors and suffer the aftereffects of
having chosen to speak out on behalf of
those who no longer have a voice. For
many survivors, intense lights, the
presence of police or military officers and
the sound of police or ambulance sirens
often lead to flashbacks.
For me, sharing my story is a sacrifice I
make to pay tribute to my disappeared
father and daughters and to all of those
who have perished at the hands of Latin
American soldiers and officers trained at
the SOA/WHINSEC. It is also an act of
defiance, a refusal to remain silent in the
face of injustice.
As a survivor, I have traveled all over the
United States raising awareness of human
rights issues – not only in Guatemala and
Latin America but also in the United States
and in several countries around the world.
My audiences have been religious groups,
elementary, high school and university
The School of the Americas is a U.S.-Army
military training school for Latin American militaries, located in Fort Benning, Georgia. Renamed the Western Hemisphere Institute for
Security Cooperation in 2001, the school has
been producing assassins, death squad
leaders and human rights abusers for dirty
work in Latin America since 1946.
Dubbed the “School of Assassins,” the SOA/
WHINSEC is a school that is synonymous
with torture and military repression around
the world. Graduates of the school have a
long history of participating in and orchestrating killings, rapes and the suppression of
popular movements for social change.
Around 800 soldiers receive training at the
SOA/WHINSEC each year. As a response
to grassroots research by human rights activists who continue to turn up SOA graduate involvement in human rights violations
across the Americas, the SOA/WHINSEC is
now refusing to release the names of the
soldiers it trains. The school id paid for with
U.S. taxpayer dollars, money for foreign military training that is authorized by Congress
annually.
Among those targeted by SOA graduates are
educators, union organizers, religious workers, student leaders, and others who work
for the rights of the poor. Hundreds of thousands of Latin Americans have been tortured,
raped, assassinated. “disappeared,” massacred, or forced into refuge by those trained
at the School of
SOA W.o r
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Assassins.
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the fence.
We are all a
part of the movement
to close the SOA and
we all use different
forms of direct action.
Fall/Otoño 2008
November 21-23, 2008
Vigil and Action to Shut Down the SOA and
to Change Oppressive U.S. Foreign Policy
Columbus/Fort Benning, Georgia
Schedule of Events
Thursday, November 20
Nonviolence Trainings, workshops and meetings in Columbus, GA. Protest at Drummond
in Alabama and a Benefit Concert in Atlanta.
Friday, November 21
Nonviolence Trainings, workshops
and a Benefit Concert
in Columbus, GA.
Saturday, November 22
Massive rally with musicians and speakers
from across the Americas at the gates of Fort
Benning, Georgia, followed by a Pupetista
Pageant.
Sunday, Nov. 23
Commemoration of the victims of the School of the
Americas at the gates of Fort
Benning.
We use direct action to confront the School of
the Americas and the policies the SOA represents. Some of us will "cross the line" onto Ft.
Benning this November and some of us will
march with veterans in the streets. Some of
us will "die in" at the main gates and some of
us will place symbols of the SOA victims on
Peacemakers and
Volunteers
Hundreds of volunteers are
needed to run the vigil.
Contact Kathleen at
[email protected]
to join the Peacemaker Working Group.
Photo by Michael Wetterauer
This November, thousands will join together
to speak out for human rights and to set a
powerful agenda for justice and peace.
Engage in Direct Action
This November we invite
you to consider participating in direct action. There
are many types of action - most of which
are either non-arrestable or lower risk actions
than crossing onto the base. If you would like
to join in an action like this or bring a creative
new action to the vigil, we ask you to join us
in the convention center on Friday night, Nov.
21 and Saturday night Nov. 22 for a direct action meeting. Please visit soaw.org for a schedule of direct action meetings.
Solidarity actions in the lead-up to the Vigil
The School of the Americas (SOA/WHINSEC) is not an aberration of U.S. foreign policy but a clear illustration of it.
The SOA/WHINSEC is part of a larger system of violence and domination that seeks to control the economic and
political landscape of Latin America in order to secure U.S. hegemony over the region.
November 9, 2008
Graphic: Ricardo Levins Morales,
www.northlandposter.com
November 15 & 16, 2008
March on U.S. SOUTHCOM
Doral, Florida
On Sunday, November 9, 2008, human rights activists from SOA Watch South Florida will march on the
United States Southern Command (U.S.
SOUTHCOM) Headquarters of the US military.
SOUTHCOM is located in Doral, Florida. It is responsible for all U.S. military activities in South America
and Central America (including Guantanamo).
Southwest Weekend of Witness
Tucson/Fort Huachuca, Arizona
For several years, in solidarity with the Vigil and Action at Fort Benning, there has been a growing
grassroots demonstration at Fort Huachuca, AZ. Fort
Huachuca is the home of the U.S. Army Intelligence
Center and School (USAICS), and has a long history
of complicity in U.S. crimes of torture. The torture
manuals used at the SOA came from Ft. Huachuca.
For more information on this action, call Linda at
305-801-0245 or Ray at 754-423-0051 and visit
www.soaw.org/southcom
On Saturday, November 15, there will be a variety of
events in Tucson, AZ, followed on Sunday by a rally
in Sierra Vista, ending with a procession to and presence at the gate of Fort Huachuca.
For more information visit www.SouthWestWitness.org
November 21, 2008
Protest at Drummond Inc.
Birmingham, Alabama
Drummond is a major supplier of U.S. coal, the
majority of which comes from one of the world’s
largest mines in Colombia. The corporation has
been accused of serious human rights abuses of
Colombian workers, including the deaths of three union
leaders. Join the protest to hold Drummond accountable for
its crimes. Contact Ken at Witness for Peace: 202-547-6112
November 21, 2008
SOA Watch Benefit Concert
Atlanta, Georgia
Join the Benefit Concert on Thursday
evening at the Eyedrum
Gallery in Atlanta, Georgia.
Visit SOAW.org for the
line-up or call Elise at
404- 297-8398
Travel to Georgia
www.SOAW.org
Page/Página 5
Where to stay in Georgia
Traveling to Columbus by Car
Columbus, Georgia is 100 miles southwest of Atlanta.
Take I-185S to Columbus Exit 1N/Victory Drive (last
exit before military base - be careful!! -- in past
years, people have been arrested by military
police for accidentally driving onto the open base).
Turn left at the second light onto Fort Benning Road.
The main entrance to Ft. Benning is a half mile ahead
of you. Parking is very limited.
Visit the SOA Watch webpage for a listing of hotels and campgrounds in
Columbus, Georgia and in easy to get to areas around Columbus.
Contact Ashley Woitena with the Columbus Visitor's Bureau toll free at
1-800-999-1613 for the latest information on hotel availability.
Accessibility at the Vigil
Sign-language interpretation and Spanish interpretation through headphones,
programs in Spanish, Braille and large print and an access
area by the stage will be available.
Traveling to Columbus by Bus
There is a Greyhound/Trailways station in downtown Columbus (6 miles from the vigil site).
Traveling to Columbus by Air
Most vigilers flying to Georgia fly into the Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Aiport. The
airport is about a 1.5 hour drive from Columbus (see below for shuttle and bus info).
Event Locations
The main gates Fort Benning will be the
place where thousands will gather for a
massive rally with musicians and speakers
on Saturday and to commemorate the
victims of SOA violence on Sunday.
Columbus also has an airport, Columbus Metropolitan. It is located
about six miles from the vigil site and is serviced by several airlines.
The Groome Transportation Shuttle Van runs from the Atlanta airport to Columbus (about 90 min., $50 roundtrip). Provides service
to your motel. Call (800) 584-6735.
Workshops, Teach-Ins, Concert
A Greyhound roundtrip bus ticket from Atlanta to Columbus costs about $26.
Columbus Convention Center
801 Front Ave, Columbus, GA
Security Considerations for Immigrants
Howard Johnson Inn, 1011 Veterans
Parkway, Columbus, GA
The vigil at Fort Benning brings together diverse communities, including people
who don't have U.S. citizenship and their allies. Through it, we hope to have
an impact on our history, to close down the SOA and to change policy. But like
other historic events, it is not without risks, especially for people without U.S.
citizenship and other particularly vulnerable participants.
Days Inn, 3170 Victory Drive, Columbus
Southern Columbus United Methodist
Church, 1213 Benning Drive
Visit www.soaw.org for a document that is intended to
make you aware of some of the risks that will
be faced by immigrants, particularly those who
are undocumented, participating in the vigil.
Help SOA Watch
to pay for the
Vigil and Action
To organize an event of the magnitude of the
November Vigil costs a lot of money. We need
to raise $50,000 to pay for high-quality stage
and sound equipment, for the rental of the
Columbus Convention Center, to set up a
media office on site, to pay for the printing of
outreach materials and more.
The vigil is dependent on people like you to
make it happen. Please make the most generous contribution you can to help pay for
the upcoming expenses so that
we can have the biggest
impact possible.
Thank you!
Action at the Gates
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Donation Amount:
$15
$25
$50
$100
$500
Other ______
Name: ___________________________________________________________
Address: _________________________________________________________
City: _________________________________ State: _____ Zip: ____________
E-mail: ___________________________________________________________
Please charge my contribution to my:
MasterCard
My check for a tax-deductible
gift of $100 or more, made
out to the “A.J. Muste Institute
/ SOA Watch,” is enclosed.*
Visa
Credit Card No. ____________________________________________________
Expiration Date: ____ / ____
My check or money order,
payable to “SOA Watch,”
is enclosed.
Signature: _____________________________
Clip and mail form to: SOA Watch ~ PO Box 4566 ~ Washington, DC 20017
* SOA Watch is not a 501(c)3
organization and due to
restrictions by our fiscal sponsor,
donations under $100 are not taxdeductible, and must be made
payable to SOA Watch.
YES, I commit to cross the line at Fort Benning in
November 2008 and want to be in touch with others
who are planning the nonviolent action.
Name _________________________________________________________
Address _______________________________________________________
Telephone _____________________________________________________
E-mail _________________________________________________________
Return to SOA Watch, Box 4566, Washington, DC 20017 or contact (202) 234-3440
Page/Página 6
Fall/Otoño 2008
Dear friends in the struggle for a just foreign policy,
The movement to close the School of the Americas/Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation (SOA/WHINSEC)
has grown tremendously since its humble beginnings of ten fasting vigilers at the gates of Ft. Benning in 1990. Last year 20,000
came together to remember, to learn, to honor, to sing, to dance and to act for peace.
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Eleven people were able to get onto the base and walk towards the SOA/WHINSEC facility. They were arrested and served one,
two and three month sentences. Many served their time in county jails and metropolitan detention centers and three went to
federal prisons.
This year we seek the commitment of people who will continue the tradition of civil resistance, risking arrest on Nov. 23.
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Over 289 individuals have been prosecuted and served sentences in an effort to bring attention to the movement to close the
school. This has helped in our legislative campaign since its beginning, and this is a key factor in a number of Latin American
countries deciding not to send soldiers to the SOA/WHINSEC.
As Lisa Sullivan with the Latin American Initiative wrote to the SOAW 11:
…I want to let you know how important your witness and your testimony of love is to the people of Latin America. In our visits
to fifteen Latin American countries, what has most moved the hearts of people is the witness of our Prisoners of Conscience.
Many people are surprised and all are moved by the fact that US citizens would make such a personal sacrifice to stand up for
justice for their brothers and sisters in the South.
In the face of this training, large social movements throughout Latin America fight for justice and have successfully brought
popular change to their countries. Thousands of people in the United States have worked in solidarity to close the SOA/
WHINSEC through a variety of means. Many have served time in federal prison for nonviolent protest.
Thousands will gather in front of the gates of Ft Benning over the weekend of November 21-23, 2008. Will you be among those
who cross the line onto Ft. Benning this year?
Please be advised that the maximum sentence for trespass at Fort Benning is 6 months in prison and a $5,000 fine. Legal information is available at www.soaw.org. We ask that everyone who signs the commitment form on the left to reflect on the risks
involved in “crossing the line” and prepare for nonviolent action that will create a world where all live in dignity.
Ordinarily, a person leaving a
courtroom with a conviction
behind him would wear a
somber face. But I left with a
smile. I knew that I was a
convicted criminal, but I was
proud of my crime.
~Martin Luther King, Jr., March 22, ‘56
Yours for a world of justice and peace,
Roy Bourgeois MM, Columbus GA; Kathleen Desautels SP, Chicago IL; Joel Kilgour, Duluth MN; Judith Kelly, Arlington VA; Gary
Ashbeck, Baltimore MD; Charity Ryerson, Chicago IL; Vera Leone, Washington DC; Michael Gayman, Oakland CA; Chuck BookerHirsch, Ann Arbor MI; Moira Kenny, RSM, McAllen TX; Margaret Knapke, Dayton OH; Kathy Long, OP, Cuernavaca, Mexico; Ken
Kennon, Tucson AZ; Mike Wisniewski, Los Angeles CA; Nancy Gowen, Richmond VA; Ann Huntwork, Portland OR; Ken Crowley,
Washington DC; Lisa Hughes, Portland OR; Ed Kinane, Syracuse NY; Frank Woolever, Syracuse NY; Alice Gerard, Buffalo NY; Sheila
Salmon, Sebastian FL; Miriam Spencer, Seattle WA; Ralph Madsen, Newton MA; Betsy Lamb, Bend OR; Rebecca Kanner, Ann Arbor
MI; Lee Mickey, North Liberty IA; Katherine Brown, Providence RI; Chris Gaunt, Grinnell IA; Phil Gates, Prescott AZ; Lil Mattingly,
MM, Tucson AZ; Rachel Montgomery, McKinleyville CA; Meagan Doty, St. Louis MO; Diane Lopez Hughes, Springfield IL; Philip
Gates of Prescott AZ
Former SOA Watch Prisoners of Conscience
When leaders act contrary to
conscience, we must act
contrary to leaders.
~Veterans Fast for Life
21-23 de Noviembre 2008
www.SOAW.org
Page/Página 7
¡Cerraremos la Escuela de las Américas
y destruiremos el sistema racista de violencia y dom
inación!
Columbus/Fort Benning, Georgia
Manifestación en las puertas del Fuerte Benning • Capacitaciones • Acción Directa No Violenta • Fiesta de Marionetas • Talleres •
Conciertos • Sesiones de Estrategia • Comunidad • Cine • Conciertos • Foros Populares • Exhibiciones • Arte • Cultura • Resistencia
Únase a miles de activistas por los derechos humanos, estudiantes, sindicalistas,
artistas, abuelas profesores, líderes comunitarios, inmigrantes, trabajadores religiosos,
indigenistas y activistas por la paz. Levante su voz para el cierre de la Escuela de las
Américas y para poner fin a las políticas opresivas que causan muerte y violencia por
todo el mundo. ¡Sea parte de una revolución de valores!
Movilizaciones masivas han sido un
instrumento importante para
los
movimientos por la
justicia social. Cuando nos
reunamos
en Fuerte Benning este
Noviembre lo haremos en la misma tradición
de las luchas por la justicia y la dignidad que
se han dado en todo el mundo a través de la
historia. Haremos un tributo a la memoria de
las victimas y
sobrevivientes que
alzaron su voz en nombre de la justicia y la
libertad, celebraremos la resistencia a la
violencia y opresión, y exigiremos que los
responsables por el terror y la represión
enfrenten a la justicia.
Moviliza a tu Comunidad!
¡Únete al movimiento, sea parte de la
historia!
Donde hospedarse:
Visite a SOAW.org para ver una lista
completa de hoteles, moteles y sitios donde
acampar. Llame al Consejo de Visitantes de
Columbus al 800-864-7275
Llegar a Columbus
Grupos alrededor de los EEUU están
coordinando buses y automóviles para
viajar a Fort Benning.¡Visite el Ride Board
en www.SOAW.org!
En Auto:
El Fuerte Benning
esta ubicado en
Columbus, a 100
millares al suroeste
de Atlanta. Conduzca por el I-185 South
hasta la salida 1B, Victory Dr. Rt, 27 North
(¡Esta es la ultima salida antes de la base)
Avión:
Hay un aeropuerto en Columbus. Groome
Shuttle ofrece un servicio de transporte
entre el aeropuerto de Atlanta y Columbus
(90 minutos, 800-584-6735, $60)
Autobús:
Hay una estación de Greyhound en el
centro de Columbus.
Actua Ahora:
¡Organiza a tu Comunidad!
Moviliza a tus amigos, familias y comunidad
Acceso
Habrá traducción simultanea en
español. También habrán folletos en
español y en braille, y se dispone de un
área de acceso al escenario.
Page/Página 8
Fall/Otoño 2008
www.SOAW.org
Page/Página 9
Page/Página 10
Fall/Otoño 2008
Construyendo relaciones de apoyo, respeto y colaboración con
los sobrevivientes de violaciones de los derechos humanos.
Por Adriana Bartow-Portillo
Conozco demasiado bien la tristeza que causa la desaparición de varios miembros de
una familia. El 11 de septiembre de 1981, un contingente de fuerzas de seguridad de
Guatemala, en dos operativos separados aunque simultaneos, detuvieron y
“desaparecieron” a mi padre, mi madrastra, mi cuñada, mi hermanita de 18 meses y
mis dos hijas, Rosaura y Glenda, de 10 y 9 años respectivamente. Nunca volvimos a
saber de ellos. Sus nombres forman parte de la larga lista de casi 50.000 hombres,
mujeres y niños desaparecidos en Guatemala durante los 36 años que duró la guerra.
La desaparición representa una doble
forma de sufrimiento – para la víctima
como para los familiares. Inciertos sobre
el paradero de nuestros seres queridos,
nuestras vidas alternan entre la esperanza
y la desesperación, preguntándonos y
esperando…siempre esperando noticias
que probablemente nunca vendrán. Las
víctimas saben perfectamente que sus
familias ignoran lo que les ha sucedido, y
que la posibilidad de que alguien los rescate
es prácticamente inexistente.
Masculinidad
y Militarismo
Duro, decisivo, inflexible y listo para pelear
son algunas de las normas inculcadas en
los hombres a través de imágenes en los
medios de comunicación y las películas,
deportes, presión de sus compañeros y la
idea que reza “los hombres no lloran”. La
violencia es parte de lo que se considera
ser un hombre verdadero y parece la forma
legitima de resolver los conflictos.
La idea básica del entrenamiento militar
es cultivar el ejemplo primario de
masculinidad en la forma más extrema de
violencia. En La Escuela de las Américas
(ahora conocida como Instituto de
Cooperación para La Seguridad
Hemisférica) los soldados aprenden a usar
su fuerza para dominar a la gente. Es
necesario que todos los participantes,
hombres o mujeres, están conformes con
todas las normas masculinas. Se considera
una debilidad de la SOA y no tiene cabida
en esta institución una resolución no
Si no son asesinados y se les libera, los
sobrevivientes sufren las secuelas fisicas
y pscológicas de esta forma de
deshumanización, y la brutalidad y tortura
que suele acompañarla, por el resto de sus
dias. La familia de la víctima sufre una
tortura permanente, preguntandose si sus
seres queridos están todavía vivos y si lo
estan, en donde y en que condiciones.
Sabemos también que corremos un gran
peligro y que al investigar la verdad nos
violenta de conflictos y la autorización
mutua.
La filosofía de la SOA/ WHINSEC,
centrada en la fuerza bruta como única
respuesta viable para resolver conflictos,
esta conforme con las políticas externas
de EEUU sobre el uso de la violencia y el
dominio. La milicia es el instrumento del
gobierno de EEUU para proteger los
intereses de los ricos mientras los pobres
van a la guerra, por eso son los militares
de América Latina quienes se fortalecen
en vez de la sociedad civil. La oposición
en contra de las políticas económicas
injustas se trata con la milicia, y no con el
dialogo político.
La razón detrás de toda la violencia y el
sufrimiento es proteger el estatus quo de
cualquier manera. Para las mujeres, esto
significa encargarse del 60% del trabajo
mundial pero recibir sólo el 10% del
sueldo mundial y poseer el 1% de la tierra.
Es obvio que las mujeres se encuentran
en una posición económica vulnerable.
exponemos a nosotros mismos y a otros
familiares a un peligro todavía mayor.
Para los sobrevivientes, los actos de
tortura fisica y psicológica sufridos no
son lo peor. La lucha por recuperar la
dignidad, el aprender a poder confiar de
nuevo, el estar en compañía de otros sin
desear esconderse, ser capaz de dormir
la noche entera sin medios artificiales e
incluso el ser capaz de disfrutar, aunque
sea brevemente, sin sentirse culpable,
representan retos muy difíciles.
Algunos sobrevivientes están dispuestos
a contar su historia con la esperanza de
que de esta manera contribuirán a evitar
que otros corran la misma suerte. Sin
embargo, el compartir su experiencia es
muy doloroso y estresante. Los
sobrevivientes que optan por contar su
historia reviven todo el horror sufrido, y
sufren las consecuencias de haber elegido
alzar su voz en nombre de los que ya no
tienen voz. Para muchos sobrevivientes,
las luces intensas, la presencia de la policia
ó militares y el sonido de sirenas de policia
ó ambulancias les provoca destellos del
pasado.
Para mí, compartir mi historia es un
sacrificio para rendir tributo a mi padre, a
mis hijas y a mis otros familiares
desaparecidos, y a todos aquellos que han
perecido a manos de soldados y oficiales
latinoamericanos entrenados en la SOA.
Es tambien un acto de rebeldia, un rechazo
a permanecer silenciosa frente a la
injusticia.
Como sobreviviente, he viajado por todos
los Estados Unidos creando conciencia
sobre los Derechos Humanos, no solo en
Guatemala y America Latina sino tambien
en los Estados Unidos y en muchos otros
paises alrededor del mundo. Mis
audiencias han sido grupos religiosos,
estudiantes y profesores de primaria,
secundaria y universidad, mujeres,
sindicalistas, sobrevivientes de violencia y
Continuado en Página 12
Cuando resisten y piden cambios terminan
recibiendo muy a menudo la violencia de
la SOA/ WHINSEC. Ya sabemos luego de
leer los manuales de tortura que los que
promueven el cambio social son señalados
como blancos enemigos.
No es posible declarar a que
nivel se ven afectadas las
mujeres en América
Latina a causa de la
promoción del SOA en
relación a la violencia como
estándar de masculinidad. Una
vez que violencia y represión
son la respuesta a los
problemas, el resultado son
familias desechas y
sociedades devastadas. En cuál sociedad
devastada no son las mujeres (y los niños)
los que reciben principalmente los
impactos negativos? A causa del hambre,
la pobreza, la falta de hogar, los traumas y
la viudez las mujeres sufren las
consecuencias de acciones planificadas y
ejecutadas en su mayoría por hombres.
La cultura en América es mayoritariamente
patriarcal y coloca a las mujeres en una
posición de inferioridad ante los hombres.
Esto se manifiesta a causa de la identidad
genética entre hombres y mujeres. Mujeres
y hombres aprenden a cumplir con ciertos
papeles en la familia y en la sociedad desde
su nacimiento, lo que afecta a las mujeres
pues las coloca en una posición que
algunos llaman “el
sexo débil” porque no
es normal que las mujeres
luchen por sus derechos,
tengan sus propias opiniones,
sean lideres en su comunidad, o
hagan algo aparte de cuidar a
sus hijos y obedecer a los
hombres.
Físicamente, resulta peligroso para las
mujeres establecer esta clase de relaciones
entre ellas y el resto de la sociedad, más
aun cuando hay instituciones como la
SOA/ WHINSEC que promueve una
doctrina de control y conquista que ofrece
Continuado en Página 12
www.SOAW.org
Page/Página 11
I believe it is of critical importance when planning
public speaking events, national tours, media
interviews and other SOA Watch events to always
take into consideration the needs of survivors of
violence and repression. Education about cultural
I have had many positive experiences, but several issues and language needs must be incorporated
times the experience has not been so positive and into every planning process. Involving survivors
in some cases, frankly, quite traumatizing. We in decision-making processes will only contribute
survivors do not like the “exoticization” of our to their empowerment. In addition, the creation
experience. I remember one occasion when I was of safe spaces for when survivors are stressed
asked to share my story only, leaving an “expert” and an environment where the survivor feels
to provide the
supported
and
context in which
respected
will
I believe that the movement to close
the disappearance
contribute to restoring
the School of the Americas represents
of my family took
a survivor’s trust in
the greatest opportunity to organize
place.
others, and his/her
people of conscience not only to shut
sense of control over
down the school but also to create
Survivors don’t
what impacts him/her
like to be treated
directly.
change in the foreign policy of the
like celebrities.
United States towards Latin America.
Several years ago I
It is essential to the
- Adriana Bartow-Portillo
was asked for my
development of
autograph. I felt as
collaborative longif I had been pushed into a deep well of shame lasting relationships between survivors and the
and embarrassment. Most of us consider our movement to make these efforts.
social justice and human rights advocacy work to
be a responsibility rather than a choice.
I have been at the gates of the SOA several times
to denounce the atrocities committed by graduates
How I wish that in those particular cases, event of the school throughout 36 years of war in
organizers had asked me about what would have Guatemala and the uncountable number of
made the experience more comfortable. Things victims of U.S. domination, exploitation and
like pacing the number of presentations to my military intervention in Latin America. I have also
level of comfort while doing a tour, providing a come to the SOA to strengthen my spirit and to
safe space where I could have had some privacy, renew my commitment to social justice and peace.
involving me in the event’s planning process,
providing all the necessary information and After the historical Sanctuary movement of the
preparing the audience would have made a 1980s, which I was part of for many years, I
difference.
believe that the movement to close the School of
students and professors, women, trade unionists,
refugees, trauma survivors, and members of
human rights and humanitarian organizations.
the Americas represents the greatest opportunity to organize people of
conscience not only to shut down the school but also to create change
in the foreign policy of the United States towards Latin America.
This movement is not a purely intellectual exercise. It offers people the
opportunity to get involved in concrete action and, most importantly,
the opportunity to work hand in hand with those who have directly
experienced the devastating impact of the foreign policies of the United
States. I also think, however, that being sensitive to the physical,
emotional, spiritual and political needs of survivors who collaborate
with the movement presents a serious challenge. We must work together
to balance the relationship between those most affected by the
interventionist, immoral foreign policies of the US and others in the
movement who are working as allies to change those policies.
The basic idea behind military training is to cultivate the prime example of
masculinity in its most extreme form of violence. At the School of the
Americas (renamed Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation), soldiers learn how to use their force to dominate over others. It
requires conformity to masculine norms by all those participating, whether
male or female. Nonviolent conflict resolution and mutual empowerment
are seen as weakness and have no place at the SOA/ WHINSEC.
With its single focus on brute force as the only viable response to conflict,
the SOA/ WHINSEC philosophy is in line with US foreign policy in its
use of violence and domination. The U.S. government strengthens Latin
America militaries rather than civil society because the military is their
instrument to protect the interests of the rich while waging war on the
poor. Opposition to unjust economic policies is not dealt with politically
through dialogue, but militarily.
The reason behind all of this violence and suffering is to protect the status
quo by any means necessary. For women this means doing 60% of the
Page/Página 12
Fall/Otoño 2008
Masculinidad y Militarismo
Cont. del Página 10
a la sociedad (como su contribución) la
más agresiva y destructiva forma de
masculinidad que pueda existir- la
glorificación de la violencia y el uso de las
armas con la finalidad de destruir y
dominar.
Donde el poder, el control y la violencia
hacen cumplir la division social de género,
las mujeres siempre encuentraran opresión
de género. En mas peligro de la violencia
de genero, en todas las americas,son gente
transgénero y inconformitistas de género
quienes se articulan un género diferente o
niegan participar en el binario de género.
Aquellas que ceden ante las normas del
genero cumplirán su papel de cuidadoras
y seguidoras. Entonces, esta perdida la
oportunidad de utilizar toda la energía que
existe en la sociedad para promover el
desarrollo humano y el progreso basados
en los diferentes valores.
Estamos trabajando para cerrar la SOA/
WHINSEC y exigir una alternativa al
modelo de poder / dominación / control,
estamos trabajando para lograr un mundo
sin violencia. Si logramos la igualdad de
los géneros, llegaremos mas cerca de esta
meta.
Cont. del Página 10
represion, y miembros de organizaciones
humanitarias y de Derechos Humanos.
He tenido muchas experiencias positivas,
pero muchas veces tambien la experiencia
no ha sido tan positiva y, en algunos casos,
francamente, ha sido traumatizante. A
nosotros los sobrevivientes no nos gusta
la “exotización” de nuestra experiencia.
Recuerdo una ocasión en que me pidieron
que compartiera mi experiencia
“solamente”, dejandole a un “experto” el
que suministrara el contexto en el que
ocurrió la desaparición de mi familia.
A los sobrevivientes no nos gusta que se
nos trate como si fueramos famosos. Hace
algunos años me pidieron mi autógrafo.
Sentí como si se me hubiera arrojado a un
profundo pozo de vergüenza y bochorno.
La mayoria de nosotros consideramos
nuestro trabajo por la justicia social y los
derechos humanos como un deber mas
que una opción.
Como hubiera deseado que en esos casos
particulares los organizadores del evento
me hubiesen preguntado como hacer la
experiencia mas cómoda para mí. Cosas
como adecuar el número de presentaciones
a mi nivel de confort durante una gira,
disponer de un lugar privado a donde
retirarme si lo hubiese necesitado,
invitarme a participar en la planificación
del evento, darme suficiente información,
y preparar a la audiencia hubiera hecho
toda una diferencia.
Imperialismo Adentro
¿Pueden las Herramientas del Amo Derribar el Imperio?
El imperialismo afecta tanto el ‘aquí’ como
el ‘allá’. Mujeres de clase media y blancas
han históricamente salido de su hogar y
logrado ser más un ‘Sujeto’ siendo buenas
ayudantes, típicamente como maestras y
misionarias.
En este papel han consolidado el poder
del imperio, a veces sin intención. Hoy en
día el papel de buen ayudante se usa
ampliamente, no solamente por mujeres
blancas, para trabajar en contra del
imperio. Pero estas herramientas del amo
son tóxicas. Puede parecer que estamos
quitando tejas de la casa del amo, pero en
realidad reforzamos así los sistemas de
dominación que son los pilares del imperio.
debemos también luchar contra el
imperialismo dentro de nosotros mismos.
Este análisis de maneras en que se podría
descolonizar el trabajo de solidaridad tiene
raíces en el movimiento para cerrar la
Escuela de las Américas (un campo de
entrenamiento
del
ejército
Estadounidense) y en un proceso de
teorización en colaboración con
prisioneras de consciencia blancas y de
clase media. Este trabajo hace ‘altergeopolítica’, trabajando para construir otro
mundo.
Visite: www.soaw.org/imperialismo
Nosotros que combatimos el imperio
apoyado y respetado contribuirá a la
recuperación de la confianza en los demás,
y a su sensación de control sobre lo que
le afecta a él ó ella directamente.
Es esencial para el desarrollo de relaciones
duraderas entre los sobrevivientes y SOA
Watch el hacer este esfuerzo.
Después del histórico movimiento
Santuario de los años ochentas, del que
fui parte parte por muchos años, creo que
el movimiento para cerrar la Escuela de
las Américas representa la mayor
oportunidad para organizar a la gente de
conciencia, no solo para cerrar esta escuela
sino también para crear un cambio en la
política exterior de los Estados Unidos
hacia America Latina.
Creo que es de
importancia crítica
Creo que el movimiento para cerrar la Escuela Este movimiento no es un
cuando se planifica
de las Américas representa la mayor
ejercicio puramente intelectual.
un evento público,
Ofrece a la gente la oportunidad
una gira nacional,
oportunidad para organizar a la gente de
de participar en acciones
ruedas de prensa u
conciencia, no solo para cerrar esta escuela
concretas y, lo que es mas
otros eventos de
sino
también
para
crear
un
cambio
en
la
importante, la oportunidad de
SOA Watch, el
trabajar mano a mano con
tomar
en
política exterior de los Estados Unidos hacia
aquellos que han sufrido el
consideración las
America Latina.
devastador impacto de la política
necesidades de los
- Adriana Bartow-Portillo
exterior de los Estados Unidos.
sobrevivientes de
violencia
y
represión. En la planificación de estos Yo he estado a las puertas de la SOA Tambien pienso que ser sensible a las
eventos se tiene que tomar en muchas veces para denunciar las necesidades físicas, emocionales,
consideración factores culturales y de atrocidades cometidas por graduados de espirituales y políticas de los sobrevivientes
lenguaje. El involucramiento de los esta escuela durante los 36 años de guerra que colaboran en el movimiento representa
sobrevivientes en el proceso de toma de en Guatemala, y el número incontable de un serio reto. Debemos trabajar juntos
decisiones contribuirá a su víctimas de la dominación, explotación e para equilibrar las relaciones entre los mas
empoderamiento. Ademas, el disponer de intervención de USA en America Latina. afectados por la política inmoral e
espacios seguros y privados para los También vengo a la SOA para fortalecer intervencionista de USA y todos aquellos
sobrevivientes si lo necesitan ó de un mi espíritu y renovar mi compromiso por en el movimiento que trabajan como
aliados para cambiar esa política.
ambiente donde el sobreviviente se sienta la Justicia social y la Paz.
Order SOA Watch's new compilation DVD
www.SOAW.org
Order SOA Watch's newest and most comprehensive resource. Now for the price of one
DVD, $25 (including shipping and handling),
you will receive 12 different SOA Watch and
Latin American films on one compilation DVD.
When you order "Shut Down The School of
the Americas; A Compilation of Films" you will
receive the following:
· Guns and Greed
· Nightwind
· The New Patriots
· The School of Assassins
·Journey to Awareness
· An Insider Speaks Out
· Prisoners of Conscience
· Protesta En Colombia
· Armas y Avaricia
· Un Instructo Denuncia
· Escuela De Asesinos.
Page/Página 13
Online Resource:
Imperialism Within
Can the Master’s Tools Bring Down Empire?
Acme: An International E-Journal for Critical Geographies, 7:2, 283-307.
available at www.soaw.org/imperialism
Imperialism affects “here” as well as “there”. White middle class women have
historically gotten out of the home and gained more of a Self by being good
helpers, classically as teachers and missionaries. In this role they consolidated
empire’s power, often unintentionally. Today the good helper role is being widely
used, not only by white women, to work against empire. Yet this master’s tool is
toxic. It may appear to take tiles off the house, but it reinforces the systems of
domination that prop up empire. Those of us who struggle against empire must
also struggle against the imperialism within ourselves. This analysis of ways to
decolonize solidarity work is grounded in the movement to close the School of the
Americas [a U.S. army training camp] and a collaborative theorizing process with
white middle class women prisoners of conscience. This work engages in altergeopolitics, working to build another world.
Please use this resource to host showings and spread the word!
To order, send a $25 check or cash to
SOA Watch
PO Box 4566
Order Outreach
Palmcards for the
November Vigil
Order a stack of
palmcards to
advertise the
November 21-23
Vigil in your church,
school, union local
or meeting with the
new SOA Watch
Bilingual Palm
Card. This colorful,
glossy, save-thedate card can be ordered in packs of 120
for $6 including shipping and handling.
To order, send a $6 check or cash to
SOA Watch
PO Box 4566
Resources for your Outreach
and Organizing Work
DVD: On the Line
An inside look at the people behind one of
the largest nonviolent movements in America
today: the movement to close the School of
the Americas/WHINSEC, a U.S. Army school
that trains Latin American soldiers. In a world
where politics, passion, and Constitutional
rights collide,
protesters
discuss their
activism, the dark
side of U.S.
foreign policy,
and the challenges of
protesting since
9/11.
DVD (55 min.)
Order it now for
only $20
Book: Disturbing
the Peace
The Story of Father Roy
Bourgeois and the Movement
to Close the SOA
In this book, authors Linda Cooper and
James Hodge chronicle Father Roy's story
and the
stories of the
many
activists that
built the SOA
Watch
movement.
240 pages,
$20
Book: The School
of the Americas
Military Training and Political
Violence in the Americas
In this monumental work, American University anthropology professor Lesley Gill,
granted an
unprecedented level
of access to
the School of
the Americas,
presents a
comprehensive portrait of
the notorious
institution. 296
pages, $20
Fall/Otoño 2008
world's work, yet only getting 10% of the world's income and owning 1% of the
world's property. This clearly puts women in a vulnerable position economically.
When they resist and demand change, more often than not they end up on the
receiving end of SOA/WHINSEC violence. We know from reading the SOA
torture manuals that those who promote social change get singled out as enemy
targets.
There is no way to overstate how deeply Latin American women are affected by the SOA/ WHINSEC
promotion of violence as the masculine standard. When violence
and repression are the answer to problems, the result is going to be
families torn apart and devastated societies. In what devastated
society are women (and children) not the primary recipients of
the negative impacts? Hungry, poverty-stricken, homeless, traumatized and widowed women suffer the consequences of the actions that were planned and executed mostly by men.
The culture in the Americas is overwhelmingly patriarchal and
puts women in a position of inferiority to men. This occurs through
the genderization of men and women. Men and women are taught
from birth to fulfill certain roles in the family and throughout society that put women in a place of what some people refer to as "the
weaker sex" because it is seen as abnormal for women to stand up
for their rights, have their own opinions, be leaders in the community, or do anything but take care of children and follow men.
Graphic by Rini
Templeton
Setting up this kind of relationship between women and the rest of society is physically dangerous for them, especially
when you have institutions like the SOA/ WHINSEC promoting a doctrine of control and conquer that gives as its
contribution to society the most aggressive and destructive form of masculinity that could possibly exist- the glorification of violence and the use of weapons for the purpose of destruction and domination.
Where there is no gender equity and where power, control
and violence enforce the gender divide, women will always
face gender oppression. In even more danger from gender
violence, throughout the Americas, are transgender and
genderqueer people who express a different gender or otherwise refuse to participate in the gender binary. Those who
give in to the gender norms will carry out their role as
caregivers and followers. The opportunity to utilize all the
energy in society to promote human development and
progress based on different values is lost.
We are working to close the SOA/ WHINSEC and demand
an alternative to the power/ domination/ control model, to
come closer to achieving a world without violence. If we
seek to achieve gender equity, we come closer to that goal.
Article by Gail Taylor and Hendrik Voss
Graphics by Rini Templeton
Page/Página 14
Father Roy’s Speaking Tour
Hear Purple Heart Vietnam
Veteran, Maryknoll Missionary
Priest, Torture Survivor and
SOA Watch Founder, Father
Roy Bourgeois, speak
powerfully and from personal
experience about why the
School of the Americas (SOA/
WHINSEC) must be closed.
Photo by Linda Panetta
September 23 - 24: Austin, TX
Contact: 512-419-7501
September 30 - October 2: Raleigh & Chapel Hill, NC
Contact: 919-929-3316
October 7 - 8: Wichita, KS
Contact: 316-263-5886
October 9, Atlanta, Georgia
Contact: 770-938-1160
October 17 - 18: Memphis, TN
Contact: 901-725-4990
November 1 - 8: Paraguay and Chile
To schedule Father Roy to speak to your organization or group,
contact the SOA Watch Office in Georgia at 706-682-5369.
www.SOAW.org
Page/Página 15
SOA Graduate Cited in
Parapolitica Scandal
the Colombian military and a graduate and
former instructor at the School of the Americas, to the AUC. Diomedes said that in April
2002 Montoya, who then commanded the
Army's Fourth Brigade, personally delivered a
"present" of six AK-47 rifles and an M-16 rifle
to the AUC's Bloque Mineros. Montoya denies
the charge.
An agreement between Uribe and the administration of US president George Bush has
helped diffuse the scandal. Some paramilitary SOA graduate Montoya pays money to a masked informant
leaders are now being extradited to the US to
stand trial for drug trafficking, and many analysts think this ernments to deny justice to the victims of crimes in
will keep Colombian investigators from getting valuable in- Colombia.The US-based Colombia Support Network (CSN)
formation about paramilitary links to politicians. Ever Veloza is asking for letters to US attorney general Mukasey
("H.H."), former leader of the Bloques Calima and Bananero ([email protected]) and Colombian attorney general Dr.
paramilitary units, has begun to talk about these ties, and Mario Hernán Iguarán Arana ([email protected])
Senator Gustavo Petro (himself threatened with investiga- "urging them to place a hold on extradition until the human
tion in the farcpolítica scandal) is urging Uribe to hold up rights violation stories can be told."
Veloza's extradition until he has told his story. SOA Watch
Source: Weekly News Update on the Americas, (212)674-9499,
along with 25 other international organizations denounced [email protected].
the extraditions as a ploy by the US and Colombian gov-
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SOA Watch • PO Box 4566 • Washington • DC • 20017.
Donations of $100 or more are tax-deductible if your check is made payable to our 501 (c) 3 fiscal sponsor, the A.J. Muste Memorial Institute.
Due to restrictions by our fiscal sponsor, donations under $100 are *not* tax deductible, and must be made payable directly to SOA Watch.
Name ______________________________________________________________________________________
Address ____________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Phone number ________________________________ E-mail ________________________________________
Visa/Master Card # __________________________________________ Expiration date ___ / ___
School of the Americas Watch
PO Box 4566
Nonprofit
U.S. Postage
PAID
Madison, WI
Permit No. 168
Phone: 202.234.3440
www.SOAW.org
Photo by Ashleigh Nushawg
Page/Página 16
Fall/Otoño 2008

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