World Heritage in Asia and Pacific 2011

Transcripción

Prepared and edited by Carole Mongrenier & Lucile Smirnov, Updated by Francesca Giliberto.
UNESCO-ICOMOS Documentation Centre.
Préparé et édité par Carole Mongrenier & Lucile Smirnov, Actualisé par Francesca Giliberto. Centre de
Documentation UNESCO-ICOMOS.
© UNESCO-ICOMOS Documentation Centre, August 2011.
ICOMOS - International Council on Monuments and sites
/ Conseil International des Monuments et des Sites
49-51 rue de la Fédération
75015 Paris
FRANCE
http://www.international.icomos.org
UNESCO-ICOMOS Documentation Centre / Centre de Documentation UNESCO-ICOMOS :
http://www.international.icomos.org/centre_documentation/index.html
Cover photographs:
Photos de couverture :
Taj Mahal, India, © Rameshng ; Angkor - Getty images/Petr Svarc ; Samarcand - Getty images/Kelly Cheng
Travel Photography ; Detail from the I Imperial Citadel of Thang Long - Hanoi nomination file (Viet Nam,
WHC 1328) Content / sommaire
AFGHANISTAN ................................................................................................................................................................ 5
2002 Ŕ MINARET AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL REMAINS OF DJAM / MINARET ET VESTIGES ARCHEOLOGIQUES DE DJAM ............... 5
2003 - CULTURAL LANDSCAPE AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL REMAINS OF THE BAMIYAN VALLEY / PAYSAGE CULTUREL ET
VESTIGES ARCHÉOLOGIQUES DE LA VALLÉE DE BAMIYAN .................................................................................................. 6
AUSTRALIA / AUSTRALIE .............................................................................................................................................. 8
1981- KAKADU NATIONAL PARK / PARC NATIONAL DE KAKADU.......................................................................................... 8
1981- GREAT BARRIER REEF / LE GRANDE BARRIERE .................................................................................................... 11
1981- W ILLANDRA LAKES REGION / REGION DE LACS W ILLANDRA ................................................................................... 12
1982 - TASMANIAN W ILDERNESS / ZONE DE NATURE SAUVAGE DE TASMANIE .................................................................. 14
1982- LORD HOWE ISLAND GROUP / LES ILES LORD HOWE............................................................................................. 16
1986- CENTRAL EASTERN RAINFOREST RESERVES (AUSTRALIA) / RESERVES DE FORETS OMBROPHILES CENTREORIENTALES DE L'AUSTRALIE ......................................................................................................................................... 16
1987- ULURU-KATA TJUTA NATIONAL PARK / PARC NATIONAL D'ULURU-KATA TJUTA ....................................................... 17
1988- WET TROPICS OF QUEENSLAND / TROPIQUES HUMIDES DE QUEENSLAND .............................................................. 19
1991- SHARK BAY, W ESTERN AUSTRALIA / BAIE SHARK, AUSTRALIE OCCIDENTALE ......................................................... 20
1992- FRASER ISLAND / ILE FRASER .............................................................................................................................. 21
1994- AUSTRALIA FOSSIL MAMMAL SITES (RIVERSLEIGH/NARACOORTE / SITES FOSSILIFERES DE MAMMIFERES D'AUSTRALIE
(RIVERSLEIGH/NARACOORTE) ....................................................................................................................................... 22
1997- HEARD AND MCDONALD ISLANDS / LES ÎLES HEARD ET MCDONALD ...................................................................... 23
1997- MACQUARIE ISLAND / ILE MACQUARIE .................................................................................................................. 23
2000- GREATER BLUE MOUNTAINS AREA / REGION DES MONTAGNES BLEUES ................................................................. 24
2003- PURNULULU NATIONAL PARK / PARC NATIONAL PURNULULU ................................................................................. 25
2004 - ROYAL EXHIBITION BUILDING AND CARLTON GARDENS / PALAIS ROYAL DES EXPOSITIONS ET JARDINS CARLTON .... 26
2007- SYDNEY OPERA HOUSE / OPÉRA DE SYDNEY ....................................................................................................... 27
2010 - AUSTRALIAN CONVICT SITES / SITES DES BAGNES AUSTRALIENS ........................................................................... 30
2011- NINGALOO COAST / CÔTE DE NINGALOO .............................................................................................................. 33
BANGLADESH ............................................................................................................................................................... 34
1985- HISTORIC MOSQUE CITY OF BAGERHAT / VILLE MOSQUÉE HISTORIQUE DE BAGERHAT............................................ 34
1985 - RUINS OF THE BUDDHIST VIHARA AT PAHARPUR / RUINES DU VIHARA BOUDDHIQUE DE PAHARPUR ....................... 37
1997- THE SUNDARBANS / LES SUNDARBANS ................................................................................................................ 40
CAMBODIA / CAMBODGE............................................................................................................................................. 41
1992 - ANGKOR / ANGKOR ............................................................................................................................................ 41
2008 - TEMPLE OF PREAH VIHEAR / TEMPLE DE PREAH VIHEAR ...................................................................................... 46
CHINA / CHINE ............................................................................................................................................................... 47
1987 - MOUNT TAISHAN / MONT TAISHAN ....................................................................................................................... 47
1987 - THE GREAT W ALL / LA GRANDE MURAILLE .......................................................................................................... 48
1987- IMPERIAL PALACES OF THE MING AND QING DYNASTIES IN BEIJING AND SHENYANG / PALAIS IMPÉRIAUX DES
DYNASTIES MING ET QING À BEIJING ET À SHENJANG ..................................................................................................... 49
1987 - MOGAO CAVES / GROTTES DE MOGAO ................................................................................................................ 50
1987- MASOLEUM OF THE FIRST QIN EMPORER / MAUSOLÉE DU PREMIER EMPEREUR QIN ............................................... 52
1987- PEKING MAN SITE AT ZHOUKOUDIAN / SITE DE L'HOMME DE PEKIN A ZHOUKOUDIAN ............................................... 53
1990 - MOUNT HUANGSHAN / MONT HUANGSHAN .......................................................................................................... 54
1992- JIUZHAIGOU VALLEY SCENIC AND HISTORIC INTEREST AREA / REGION D'INTERET PANORAMIQUE ET HISTORIQUE DE
LA VALLEE DE JIUZHAIGOU ............................................................................................................................................. 55
1992- HUANGLONG SCENIC AND HISTORIC INTEREST AREA / REGION D'INTERET PANORAMIQUE ET HISTORIQUE DE
HUANGLONG ................................................................................................................................................................. 56
1992- WULINGYUAN SCENIC AND HISTORIC INTEREST AREA / REGION D'INTERET PANORAMIQUE ET HISTORIQUE DE
WULINGYUAN................................................................................................................................................................ 56
1994 - MOUNTAIN RESORT AND ITS OUTLYING TEMPLES, CHENGDE / RESIDENCE DE MONTAGNE ET TEMPLES AVOISINANTS
A CHENGDE .................................................................................................................................................................. 57
1994 - TEMPLE AND CEMETERY OF CONFUCIUS AND THE KONG FAMILY MANSION IN QUFU / TEMPLE ET CIMETIÈRE DE
CONFUCIUS ET RÉSIDENCE DE LA FAMILLE KONG À QUFU ............................................................................................... 58
1994 - ANCIENT BUILDING COMPLEX IN THE WUDANG MOUNTAINS / ENSEMBLE DE BÂTIMENTS ANCIENS DES MONTAGNES DE
WUDANG ...................................................................................................................................................................... 59
1994 - HISTORIC ENSEMBLE OF THE POTALA PALACE, LHASA / ENSEMBLE HISTORIQUE DU PALAIS DU POTALA, LHASSA ... 60
1996 - LUSHAN NATIONAL PARK / PARC NATIONAL DE LUSHAN ....................................................................................... 61
1996 - MOUNT EMEI SCENIC AREA, INCLUDING LESHAN GIANT BUDDHA SCENIC AREA / PAYSAGE PANORAMIQUE DU MONT
EMEI, INCLUANT LE PAYSAGE PANORAMIQUE DU GRAND BOUDDHA DE LESHAN ................................................................ 62
1997- OLD TOWN OF LIJIANG / VIEILLE VILLE DE LIJIANG ................................................................................................. 63
1997- ANCIENT CITY OF PING YAO / VIEILLE VILLE DE PING YAO ..................................................................................... 64
1997 - CLASSICAL GARDENS OF SUZHOU / JARDINS CLASSIQUES DE SUZHOU ................................................................. 65
1998 - SUMMER PALACE, AN IMPERIAL GARDEN IN BEIJING / PALAIS D'ÉTÉ, JARDIN IMPÉRIAL DE BEIJING.......................... 66
1998 - TEMPLE OF HEAVEN: AN IMPERIAL SACRIFICIAL ALTAR IN BEIJING / TEMPLE DU CIEL, AUTEL SACRIFICIEL IMPÉRIAL À
BEIJING ........................................................................................................................................................................ 67
1999 - MOUNT W UYI / MONT W UYI ................................................................................................................................ 68
1999 - DAZU ROCK CARVINGS / SCULPTURES RUPESTRES DE DAZU ............................................................................... 68
2000 - MOUNT QINGCHENG AND THE DUJIANGYAN IRRIGATION SYSTEM / MONT QINGCHENG ET SYSTEME D‟IRRIGATION DE
DUJIANGYAN ................................................................................................................................................................. 69
2000 - ANCIENT VILLAGES IN SOUTHERN ANHUI - XIDI AND HONGCUN / ANCIENS VILLAGES DU SUD DU ANHUI Ŕ XIDI ET
HONGCUN .................................................................................................................................................................... 70
2000- LONGMEN GROTTOES / GROTTES DE LONGMEN ................................................................................................... 71
2000 - IMPERIAL TOMBS OF THE MING AND QING DYNASTIES / TOMBES IMPÉRIALES DES DYNASTIES MING ET QING .......... 72
2001 - YUNGANG GROTTOES / GROTTES DE YUNGANG .................................................................................................. 73
2003 - THREE PARALLEL RIVERS OF YUNNAN PROTECTED AREAS / AIRES PROTEGEES DES TROIS FLEUVES PARALLELS AU
YUNNAN ....................................................................................................................................................................... 74
2004 - CAPITAL CITIES AND TOMBS OF THE ANCIENT KOGURYO KINGDOM / CAPITALES ET TOMBES DE L‟ANCIEN ROYAUME
DE KOGURYO ................................................................................................................................................................ 74
2005 - HISTORIC CENTRE OF MACAO / CENTRE HISTORIQUE DE MACAO ......................................................................... 76
2006- YIN XU / YIN XU .................................................................................................................................................. 78
2006- SICHUAN GIANT PANDA SANCTUARIES / SANCTUAIRES DU GRAND PANDA DU SICHUAN ........................................... 79
2007- KAIPING DIAOLOU ............................................................................................................................................... 80
2008 - FUJIAN TULOU / TULOU DE FUJIAN ...................................................................................................................... 82
2008 - MOUNT SANQINGSHAN NATIONAL PARK / PARC NATIONAL DU MONT SANQINGSHAN .............................................. 83
2009 - MOUNT W UTAI / MONT WUTAI ............................................................................................................................. 84
2010 - HISTORIC MONUMENTS OF DENGFENG IN “THE CENTRE OF HEAVEN AND EARTH” / MONUMENTS HISTORIQUES DE
DENGFENG AU « CENTRE DU CIEL ET DE LA TERRE » ....................................................................................................... 85
2011- WEST LAKE CULTURAL LANDSCAPE OF HANGZHOU / PAYSAGE CULTUREL DU LAC DE L‟OUEST DE HANGZHOU ........ 87
DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF KOREA / RÉPUBLIQUE POPULAIRE DÉMOCRATIQUE DU CORÉE ..... 88
2004- COMPLEX OF KOGURYO TOMBS / ENSEMBLE DES TOMBES DE KOGURYO ............................................................... 88
INDIA / INDE ................................................................................................................................................................... 90
1983-AJANTA CAVES / GROTTES D'AJANTA .................................................................................................................... 90
1983- ELLORA CAVES / GROTTES D'ELLORA .................................................................................................................. 92
1983 AGRA FORT / FORT D'AGRA .................................................................................................................................. 94
1983- TAJ MAHAL / LE TAJ MAHAL ................................................................................................................................. 96
1984- SUN TEMPLE, KONARAK / TEMPEL DU SOLEIL A KONARAK ..................................................................................... 98
1984- GROUP OF MONUMENTS AT MAHABALIPURAM / ENSEMBLE DE MONUMENTS DE MAHABALIPURAM ......................... 100
1985- KAZIRANGA NATIONAL PARK / PARC NATIONAL DE KAZIRANGA ............................................................................ 101
1985- MANAS W ILDLIFE SANCTUARY / SANCTUAIRE DE FAUNE DE MANAS ..................................................................... 102
1985- KEOLADEO NATIONAL PARK / PARC NATIONAL DE KEOLADEO .............................................................................. 102
1986- CHURCHES AND CONVENTS OF GOA / ÉGLISES ET COUVENTS DE GOA ................................................................ 103
1986- KHAJURAHO GROUP OF MONUMENTS / ENSEMBLE MONUMENTAL DE KHAJURAHO ................................................ 104
1986- GROUP OF MONUMENTS AT HAMPI / ENSEMBLE MONUMENTAL DE HAMPI ............................................................. 105
1986- FATEHPUR SIKRI / FATEHPUR SIKRI.................................................................................................................... 107
1987- GROUP OF MONUMENTS AT PATTADAKAL / ENSEMBLE DE MONUMENTS DE PATTADAKAL ...................................... 108
1987- ELEPHANTA CAVES / GROTTES D'ELEPHANTA..................................................................................................... 109
1987 - GREAT LIVING CHOLA TEMPLES / LES GRANDS TEMPLES VIVANTS CHOLA ........................................................... 110
1987- SUNDARBANS NATIONAL PARK / PARC NATIONAL DES SUNDARBANS ................................................................... 111
1988- NANDA DEVI NATIONAL PARK / PARC NATIONAL DE NANDA DEVI ......................................................................... 112
1989 BUDDHIST MONUMENTS AT SANCHI / MONUMENTS BOUDDHIQUES DE SANCHI ...................................................... 112
1993- HUMAYUN'S TOMB, DELHI / TOMBE DE HUMAYUN, DELHI ..................................................................................... 114
1993- QUTB MINAR AND ITS MONUMENTS, DELHI / QUTB MINAR ET SES MONUMENTS, DELHI ......................................... 115
2002- MAHABODHI TEMPLE COMPLEX AT BODH GAYA / ENSEMBLE DU TEMPLE DE LA MAHABODHI A BODHGAYA ............. 117
2003-ROCK SHELTERS OF BHIMBETKA / ABRIS SOUS-ROCHE DU BHIMBETKA ................................................................. 118
2004 CHAMPANER-PAVAGADH ARCHAEOLOGICAL PARK / PARC ARCHEOLOGIQUE DE CHAMPANER-PAVAGADH............... 119
2004- CHATRAPATI SHIVAJI TERMINUS (FORMERLY VICTORIA TERMINUS) / GARE CHHATRAPATI SHIVAJI (ANCIENNEMENT
GARE VICTORIA) ......................................................................................................................................................... 120
2005 - ........................................................................................................................................................................ 120
2007- RED FORT COMPLEX / ENSEMBLE DU FORT ROUGE ............................................................................................ 121
2010 JANTAR MANTAR, JAIPUR ................................................................................................................................... 124
INDONESIA / INDONÉSIE ............................................................................................................................................ 126
1991- BOROBUDUR TEMPLE COMPOUNDS / ENSEMBLE DE BOROBUDUR ....................................................................... 126
1991 - UJUNG KULON NATIONAL PARK / PARC NATIONAL DE UJUNG KULON .................................................................. 130
1991 - KOMODO NATIONAL PARK / PARC NATIONAL DE KOMODO................................................................................... 131
1991 - PRAMBANAN TEMPLE COMPOUNDS / ENSEMBLE DE PRAMBANAN ....................................................................... 131
1996- SANGIRAN EARLY MAN SITE / SITE DES PREMIERS HOMMES DE SANGIRAN .......................................................... 132
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1999- LORENTZ NATIONAL PARK / PARC NATIONAL DE LORENTZ ................................................................................... 133
2004- TROPICAL RAINFOREST HERITAGE OF SUMATRA / PATRIMOINE DES FORETS TROPICALES OMBROPHILES DE SUMATRA
.................................................................................................................................................................................. 133
IRAN (ISLAM REPUBLIC OF) / IRAN (REPUBLIQUE ISLAMIQUE D') ....................................................................... 134
1979- TCHOGHA ZANBIL / TCHOGA ZANBIL ................................................................................................................... 134
1979- PERSEPOLIS / PERSEPOLIS ................................................................................................................................ 135
1979 - MEIDAN EMAM, ESFAHAN / MEIDAN EMAM, ISPAHAN .......................................................................................... 137
2003- TAKHT-E SOLEYMAN / TAKHT-E SULAIMAN .......................................................................................................... 139
2004- PASARGADAE / PASARGADES ............................................................................................................................ 140
2004- BAM AND ITS CULTURAL LANDSCAPE / BAM ET SON PAYSAGE CULTUREL ............................................................. 141
2005 - ........................................................................................................................................................................ 143
2006- BISOTUN / BEHISTUN ......................................................................................................................................... 143
2008 - ........................................................................................................................................................................ 144
2009 - SHUSHTAR HISTORICAL HYDRAULIC SYSTEM / SYSTEME HYDRAULIQUE HISTORIQUE DE SHUSHTAR ..................... 145
2010 - SHEIKH SAFI AL-DIN KHĀNEGĀH AND SHRINE ENSEMBLE IN ARDABIL / ENSEMBLE DU KHĀNEGĀH ET DU SANCTUAIRE
DE CHEIKH SAFI AL-DIN À ARDABIL .............................................................................................................................. 146
2010 - TABRIZ HISTORIC BAZAAR COMPLEX / ENSEMBLE DU BAZAR HISTORIQUE DE TABRIZ ........................................... 148
2011- THE PERSIAN GARDEN / LE JARDIN PERSAN ....................................................................................................... 150
JAPAN / JAPON ........................................................................................................................................................... 151
1993- BUDDHIST MONUMENTS IN THE HORYU-JI AREA / MONUMENTS BOUDDHIQUES DE LA REGION D'HORYU-JI ............. 151
1993-HIMEJI-JO / HIMEJI-JO ........................................................................................................................................ 153
1993- SHIRAKAMI-SANCHI / SHIRAKAMI-SANCHI ........................................................................................................... 154
1993- YAKUSHIMA / YAKUSHIMA .................................................................................................................................. 154
1994- HISTORIC MONUMENTS OF ANCIENT KYOTO (KYOTO, UJI AND OTSU CITIES) / MONUMENTS HISTORIQUES DE
L'ANCIENNE KYOTO (VILLES DE KYOTO, UJI ET OTSU) ................................................................................................... 155
1995- HISTORIC VILLAGES OF SHIRAKAWA-GO AND GOKAYAMA / VILLAGES HISTORIQUES DE SHIRAKAWA-GO ET GOKAYAMA
.................................................................................................................................................................................. 158
1996- ITSUKUSHIMA SHINTO SHRINE / SANCTUAIRE SHINTO D'ITSUKUSHIMA .................................................................. 159
1996- HIROSHIMA PEACE MEMORIAL (GENBAKU DOME) / MEMORIAL DE LA PAIX D'HIROSHIMA (DOME DE GENBAKU) ...... 159
1998-HISTORIC MONUMENTS OF ANCIENT NARA / MONUMENTS HISTORIQUES DE L'ANCIENNE NARA .............................. 160
1999- SHRINES AND TEMPLES OF NIKKO / SANCTUAIRES ET TEMPLES DE NIKKO ............................................................ 163
2000- GUSUKU SITES AND RELATED PROPERTIES OF THE KINGDOM OF RYUKYU / SITES GUSUKU ET BIENS ASSOCIÉS DU
ROYAUME DES RYUKYU ............................................................................................................................................... 163
2004- SACRED SITES AND PILGRIMAGE ROUTES IN THE KII MOUNTAIN RANGE / SITES SACRES ET CHEMINS DE PELERINAGE
DANS LES MONTS KII ................................................................................................................................................... 164
2005 - ........................................................................................................................................................................ 165
2007 Ŕ IWAMI GINZAN SILVER MINE AND ITS CULTURAL LANDSCAPE ............................................................................. 165
2011- HIRAIZUMI Ŕ TEMPLES, GARDENS AND ARCHAEOLOGIAL SITES REPRESENTING THE BUDDHIST PURE LAND /
HIRAIZUMI Ŕ TEMPLE, JARDINS ET SITES ARCHÉOLOGIQUES REPRÉSENTANT LA TERRE PURE BOUDDHISTE ..................... 168
2011- OGASAWARA ISLANDS / ILES D‟OGASAWARA ...................................................................................................... 169
KAZAKHSTAN / KAZAKSTAN .................................................................................................................................... 169
2003- MAUSOLEUM OF KHOJA AHMED YASAWI / MAUSOLEE DE KHOJA AHMAD YASAWI ................................................. 169
2004- PETROGLYPHS WITHIN THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL LANDSCAPE OF TAMGALY / PETROGLYPHES DU PAYSAGE
ARCHEOLOGIQUE DE TAMGALY .................................................................................................................................... 170
2008- SARYARKA - STEPPE AND LAKES OF NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN / SARYARKA Ŕ STEPPE ET LACS DU KAZAKHSTAN
SEPTENTRIONAL .......................................................................................................................................................... 171
KOREA / CORÉE .......................................................................................................................................................... 172
2009 - ROYAL TOMBS OF THE JOSEON DYNASTY / TOMBES ROYALES DE LA DYNASTIE JOSEON ...................................... 172
2010 - HISTORIC VILLAGES OF KOREA: HAHOE AND YANGDONG / VILLAGES HISTORIQUES DE COREE : HAHOE ET
YANGDONG ................................................................................................................................................................ 173
KYRGYZTAN / KIRGHIZISTAN .................................................................................................................................... 174
2009 - SULAIMAN-TOO SACRED MOUNTAIN / MONTAGNE SACREE DE SULAIMAN-TOO .................................................... 175
LAO PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC / RÉPUBLIQUE DÉMOCRATIQUE POPULAIRE LAO.......................... 175
1995- TOWN OF LUANG PRABANG / VILLE DE LUANG PRABANG ..................................................................................... 175
2001- VAT PHOU AND ASSOCIATED ANCIENT SETTLEMENTS WITHIN THE CHAMPASAK CULTURAL LANDSCAPE / VAT PHOU
ET LES ANCIENS ETABLISSEMENTS ASSOCIES DU PAYSAGE CULTUREL DE CHAMPASSAK ................................................. 177
MALAYSIA / MALAISIE ................................................................................................................................................ 178
2000- GUNUNG MULU NATIONAL PARK / PARC NATIONAL DU GUNUNG MULU................................................................. 178
2003- KINABALU PARK / PARC DU KINABALU ................................................................................................................ 179
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2008 - MELAKA AND GEORGE TOWN, HISTORIC CITIES OF THE STRAITS OF MALACCA / MELAKA ET GEORGE TOWN, VILLES
HISTORIQUES DU DÈTROIT DE MALACCA ....................................................................................................................... 179
MARSHALL ISLANDS / ILES MARSHALL .................................................................................................................. 180
2010 - BIKINI ATOLL NUCLEAR TEST SITE / SITE D‟ESSAIS NUCLÉAIRES DE L‟ATOLL DE BIKINI ......................................... 180
MONGOLIA/ MONGOLIE ............................................................................................................................................. 182
2003- UVS NUUR BASIN / BASSIN D‟UBS NUUR ............................................................................................................ 182
2004- ORKHON VALLEY CULTURAL LANDSCAPE / PAYSAGE CULTUREL DE LA VALLEE DE L‟ORKHON ............................... 183
2011- PETROGLYPHIC COMPLEXES OF THE MONGOLIAN ALTAI / ENSEMBLE DE PÉTROGLYPHES DE L‟ALTAÏ MONGOL....... 184
NEPAL / NÉPAL ........................................................................................................................................................... 185
1979- SAGARMATHA NATIONAL PARK / PARC NATIONAL DE SAGARMATHA ..................................................................... 185
1979- KATHMANDU VALLEY / VALLEE DE KATHMANDU .................................................................................................. 186
1984- ROYAL CHITWAN NATIONAL PARK / PARC NATIONAL DE ROYAL CHITWAN ............................................................ 189
1997- LUMBINI, THE BIRTHPLACE OF THE LORD BUDDHA / LUMBINI, LIEU DE NAISSANCE DU BOUDDHA ............................ 190
NEW ZEALAND / NOUVELLE ZÉLANDE .................................................................................................................... 191
1990- TE W AHIPOUNAMU - SOUTH WEST NEW ZEALAND / TE WAHIPOUNAMU - ZONE SUD-OUEST DE LA NOUVELLE-ZELANDE
.................................................................................................................................................................................. 191
1993- TONGARIRO NATIONAL PARK / PARC NATIONAL DE TONGARIRO ........................................................................... 192
1998- NEW ZEALAND SUB-ANTARCTIC ISLANDS / ILES SUB-ANTARCTIQUES DE NOUVELLE-ZELANDE .............................. 193
OMAN ........................................................................................................................................................................... 195
2006- AFLAJ IRRIGATION SYSTEMS OF OMAN / SYSTEMES D'IRRIGATION AFLAJ D'OMAN ................................................. 195
PAKISTAN .................................................................................................................................................................... 196
1980 - ARCHAEOLOGICAL RUINS AT MOENJODARO / RUINES ARCHEOLOGIQUES DE MOHENJO DARO.............................. 196
1980- TAXILA / TAXILA................................................................................................................................................. 198
1980 - BUDDHIST RUINS OF TAKHT-I-BAHI AND NEIGHBOURING CITY REMAINS AT SAHR-I-BAHLOL / RUINES BOUDDHIQUES
DE TAKHT-I-BAHI ET VESTIGES DE SAHR-I-BAHLOL ....................................................................................................... 200
1981- HISTORIC MONUMENTS OF THATTA / MONUMENTS HISTORIQUES DE THATTA ...................................................... 201
1981- FORT AND SHALAMAR GARDENS IN LAHORE / FORT ET JARDINS DE SHALIMAR À LAHORE ..................................... 203
1997 - ROHTAS FORT / FORT DE ROHTAS .................................................................................................................... 205
PAPUA NEW GUINEA / PAPOUISE-NOUVELLE GUINÉE ......................................................................................... 205
2008 - KUK EARLY AGRICULTURAL SITE / L‟ANCIEN SITE AGRICOLE DE KUK ................................................................... 205
PHILIPPINES ................................................................................................................................................................ 206
1993- TUBBATAHA REEF MARINE PARK / PARC MARIN DU RECIF DE TUBBATAHA ............................................................ 206
1993- BAROQUE CHURCHES OF THE PHILIPPINES / ÉGLISES BAROQUES DES PHILIPPINES .............................................. 207
1995- RICE TERRACES OF THE PHILIPPINE CORDILLERAS / RIZIERES EN TERRASSES DES CORDILLERES DES PHILIPPINES
.................................................................................................................................................................................. 208
1999- HISTORIC TOWN OF VIGAN / VILLE HISTORIQUE DE VIGAN .................................................................................... 209
1999- PUERTO-PRINCESA SUBTERRANEAN RIVER NATIONAL PARK / PARC NATIONAL DE LA RIVIERE SOUTERRAINE DE
PUERTO PRINCESA ..................................................................................................................................................... 210
2009- TUBBATAHA REEFS NATURAL PARK / PARC NATUREL DU RECIF DE TUBBATAHA ................................................... 210
REPUBLIC OF KOREA / REPUBLIQUE DE COREE ................................................................................................... 211
1995- SEOKGURAM GROTTO AND BULGUKSA TEMPLE / GROTTE DE SEOKGURAM ET TEMPLE BULGUKSA ....................... 211
1995- HAEINSA TEMPLE JANGGYEONG PANJEON, THE DEPOSITORIES FOR THE TRIPITAKA KOREANA WOODBLOCKS /
TEMPLE D'HAEINSA JANGGYEONG PANJEON, LES DEPOTS DES TABLETTES DU TRIPITAKA KOREANA ............................... 212
1995- JONGMYO SHRINE / SANCTUAIRE DE JONGMYO .................................................................................................. 213
1997- CHANGDEOKGUNG PALACE COMPLEX / ENSEMBLE DU PALAIS DE CHANGDEOKGUNG ........................................... 213
1997- HWASEONG FORTRESS / FORTERESSE DE HWASEONG ....................................................................................... 214
2000 - GYEONGJU HISTORIC AREAS / ZONES HISTORIQUES DE GYEONGJU .................................................................... 215
2000 - GOCHANG, HWASUN, AND GANGHWA DOLMEN SITES / SITES DE DOLMENS DE GOCHANG, HWASUN ET GANGHWA215
SAUDI ARABIA / ARABIE SAOUDITE ........................................................................................................................ 216
2010 - AT-TURAIF DISTRICT IN AD-DIR'IYAH / DISTRICT D‟AT-TURAIF À AD-DIR‟IYAH ........................................................ 216
3
SOLOMON ISLANDS / ILES SALOMON ..................................................................................................................... 219
1998- EAST RENNELL / RENNELL EST .......................................................................................................................... 219
SRI LANKA ................................................................................................................................................................... 219
1982 - SACRED CITY OF ANURADHAPURA / VILLE SAINTE D'ANURADHAPURA ................................................................. 219
1982 - ANCIENT CITY OF POLONNARUWA / CITE HISTORIQUE DE POLONNARUWA ........................................................... 222
1982 - ANCIENT CITY OF SIGIRIYA / VILLE ANCIENNE DE SIGIRIYA .................................................................................. 224
1988- SINHARAJA FOREST RESERVE / RESERVE FORESTIERE DE SINHARAJA ................................................................ 227
1988- SACRED CITY OF KANDY / VILLE SACRÉE DE KANDY ........................................................................................... 227
1988- OLD TOWN OF GALLE AND ITS FORTIFICATIONS / VIEILLE VILLE DE GALLE ET SES FORTIFICATIONS ........................ 229
1991 - GOLDEN TEMPLE OF DAMBULLA / TEMPLE D'OR DE DAMBULLA ........................................................................... 231
SYRIA / RÉPUBLIQUE ARABE SYRIENNE ................................................................................................................ 232
2006- CRAC DES CHEVALIERS AND QAL'AT SALAH EL-DIN / CRAC DES CHEVALIERS ET QAL'AT SALAH EL-DIN ................ 232
TAJIKISTAN ................................................................................................................................................................. 233
2010 - PROTO-URBAN SITE OF SARAZM ....................................................................................................................... 233
THAILAND / THAÏLANDE............................................................................................................................................. 235
1991- HISTORIC TOWN OF SUKHOTAI AND ASSOCIATED HISTORIC TOWNS / VILLE HISTORIQUE DE SUKHOTHAI ET VILLES
HISTORIQUES ASSOCIÉES ............................................................................................................................................ 235
1991- HISTORIC CITY OF AYUTTHAYA AND ASSOCIATED HISTORIC TOWNS / VILLE HISTORIQUE D'AYUTTHAYA ET VILLES
HISTORIQUES ASSOCIÉES ............................................................................................................................................ 237
1991- THUNGYAI - HUAI KHA KHAENG W ILDLIFE SANCTUARIES / SANCTUAIRES DE FAUNE DE THUNG YAI -HUAI KHA
KHAENG ..................................................................................................................................................................... 238
1992- BAN CHIANG ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE / SITE ARCHEOLOGIQUE DE BAN CHIANG .................................................... 239
2005 - ........................................................................................................................................................................ 240
TURKMENISTAN / TURKMÉNISTAN .......................................................................................................................... 241
1999- STATE HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL PARK "ANCIENT MERV" / PARC NATIONAL HISTORIQUE ET CULTUREL DE L‟«
ANCIENNE MERV » ...................................................................................................................................................... 241
2005 - ........................................................................................................................................................................ 242
2007- PARTHIAN FORTRESSES OF NISA / FORTERESSES PARTHES DE NISA .................................................................. 242
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA / ETATS-UNIS D’AMÉRIQUE ................................................................................... 244
2010 Ŕ PAPAHĀNAUMOKUĀKEA ................................................................................................................................... 244
UZBEKISTAN / OUZBÉKISTAN ................................................................................................................................... 249
1990- ITCHAN KALA / ITCHAN KALA .............................................................................................................................. 249
1993- HISTORIC CENTRE OF BUKHARA / CENTRE HISTORIQUE DE BOUKHARA ................................................................ 250
2000 HISTORIC CENTRE OF SHAKHRISYABZ / CENTRE HISTORIQUE DE SHAKHRISYABZ .................................................. 251
2001- SAMARKAND - CROSSROADS OF CULTURES / SAMARKAND Ŕ CARREFOUR DE CULTURES ...................................... 251
VANUATU ..................................................................................................................................................................... 253
2008 - CHIEF ROI MATA‟S DOMAIN/ DOMAINE DU CHEF ROI MATA ................................................................................. 253
VIETNAM ...................................................................................................................................................................... 254
1993- COMPLEX OF HUE MONUMENTS / ENSEMBLE DE MONUMENTS DE HUE................................................................. 254
1994- HA LONG BAY / BAIE D'HA-LONG ....................................................................................................................... 258
1999- HOI AN ANCIENT TOWN / VIEILLE VILLE DE HOI AN .............................................................................................. 259
1999- MY SON SANCTUARY / SANCTUAIRE DE MI-SÖN.................................................................................................. 260
2003 - PHONG NHA-KE BANG NATIONAL PARK / PARC NATIONAL DE PHONG NHA-KE BANG ........................................... 260
2010 - CENTRAL SECTOR OF THE IMPERIAL CITADEL OF THANG LONG Ŕ HANOI / LA CITÉ IMPÉRIALE DE THANG LONG-HANOI
.................................................................................................................................................................................. 261
2011- CITADEL OF THE HO DINASTY / CITADELLE DE LA DYNASTIE HÔ - ......................................................................... 264
4
Afghanistan
2002 – Minaret and archaeological remains of Djam / Minaret et vestiges
archéologiques de Djam (Criteria ii - iii - iv)
Brief description
The 65m-tall Minaret of Jam is a graceful, soaring structure, dating back to the 12th century. Covered
in elaborate brickwork with a blue tile inscription at the top, it is noteworthy for the quality of its
architecture and decoration, which represent the culmination of an architectural and artistic tradition in
this region. Its impact is heightened by its dramatic setting, a deep river valley between towering
mountains in the heart of the Ghur province.
Briève description
Haut de 65m, le minaret de Djam est une construction gracieuse et élancée datant du XIIe siècle.
Recouvert d‟une décoration complexe en briques et portant une inscription de tuiles bleues au
sommet, il est remarquable par la qualité de son architecture et de ses motifs décoratifs, qui
représentent l‟apogée d‟une tradition artistique propre à cette région. Son impact est renforcé par un
environnement spectaculaire : une vallée profonde qui s‟ouvre entre d‟imposantes montagnes au
cœur de la province du Ghor
Documentation available at the ICOMOS Documentation Centre:
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
001099 - Techniques et matériaux : le minaret de Jam. Bruno, Andrea. York, ICOMOS, 1983. p. 189-200, illus.
(Monumentum. 26,3) (fre). PRIMARY KEYWORDS: minarets; brick; restoration projects; reinforcement; Afghanistan.
// minaret de Jam (Afghanistan) ACCESSION NO: K-130.
020140 - The minaret of Jam. Bruno, Andrea. Paris, UNESCO, 2003. p. 4-15, illus. (World Heritage Review. 29)
(same text in eng, spa). El minarete de Jam. spa. PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; minarets; world
heritage in danger; cultural heritage at risk; archaeological remains; Afghanistan. // Minaret and archeological remains
of Jam, Afghanistan (WHC 211) ACCESSION NO: K-382 b. ISSN: 1020-4539.
011990 - Le minaret de Djam, Afghanistan. Bruno, Andrea. Unesco. [s.l.], [s.n.], [s.d.]. 2 slides :col. (fre). WHC 211.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: islamic architecture; archaeological finds; minarets; bas-reliefs; decorations and ornaments;
decorative patterns; islamic art; Afghanistan. SECONDARY KEYWORDS: slides. // Djam (Afghanistan) CALL NO:
AF.DJA.05:1-2.
021020 - Oltre il restauro: architecture tra conservazione e riuso. Progetti e realizzazioni di Andrea Bruno (19601995). Bruno, Andrea; Mastropietro, Mario (ed.). Milano, Lybra Immagine, 1996. 251 p., illus. (Architettura e Desingn)
(same text in eng, ita). Restoration and beyond: architecture from conservation to conversion. Projects and works by
Andrea Bruno (1960-1995). eng. Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic monuments; architects; conservation;
restoration projects; world heritage list; case studies. // Bruno, andrea // Mausoleum of Abdur-Razaq, Ghazni,
Afghanistan // Minaret of Jam, Afghanistan (WHC 211) // The Valley of Bamiyan and the Wall of the Buddhas,
Afghanistan (WHC 208) // The monuments of Herat, Afghanistan // The Minaret Al-Hadba, Mosul, Irak // Taq-Kisra or
the arch of Ctsiphon, Irak // The Column of Marcus Aurelius, Rome, Italy ACCESSION NO: 14479.
035455 - Non-linear dynamic analyses for seismic assessment of ancient masonry towers. Menon, Arun; Lai, Carlo
G.; Macchi, Giorgio; Pavese, Alberto. Delhi, MacMillan, 2007. p. 1641-1650, illus. In: "Structural analysis of historical
constructions: possibilities of numerical and experimental techniques: Vol. 3" (eng). Incl. bibl. and abstract.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: minarets; world heritage in danger; world heritage list; historic monuments; structures of
buildings; structural failures; structural damage; masonry; strengthening; investigations; descriptions; seismic surveys;
seismic areas; numerical simulation; earthquake resistance; case studies; Afghanistan.
// Minaret of Jam, Afghanistan (WHC 211 rev) ACCESSION NO: 15517-3. ISBN: 978-1403-93157-3.
5
2003 - Cultural Landscape and Archaeological Remains of the Bamiyan Valley /
Paysage culturel et vestiges archéologiques de la vallée de Bamiyan
(Criteria i - ii - iii - iv - vi)
Brief description
The cultural landscape and archaeological remains of the Bamiyan Valley represent the artistic and
religious developments which from the 1st to the 13th centuries characterized ancient Bakhtria,
integrating various cultural influences into the Gandhara school of Buddhist art. The area contains
numerous Buddhist monastic ensembles and sanctuaries, as well as fortified edifices from the Islamic
period. The site is also testimony to the tragic destruction by the Taliban of the two standing Buddha
statues, which shook the world in March 2001.
Briève description
Le paysage culturel et les vestiges archéologiques de la vallée de Bamiyan illustrent les
développements artistiques et religieux qui, du Ier au XIIIe siècle, ont caractérisé l‟ancienne Bactriane,
intégrant diverses influences culturelles pour former l‟école d‟art bouddhique du Gandhara. Le site
contient plusieurs ensembles monastiques et sanctuaires bouddhistes, ainsi que des édifices fortifiés
de la période islamique. Il témoigne également de la tragique destruction des deux bouddhas debout
par les taliban, qui ébranla le monde en mars 2001.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
002600 - The Restoration of the small Buddha at Bamiyan. Sengupta, R. York, ICOMOS, 1984. p. 31-46, illus.
(Monumentum. 27, 1) (eng). PRIMARY KEYWORDS: shrines; rock cut reliefs; archaeological sites; buddhas;
earthquake damage; restoration works; adobe; walls; cracks; consolidation of materials; conservation of wall
paintings; Afghanistan. SECONDARY KEYWORDS: pdf.
// ICOMOS // Bamiyan (Afghanistan) ACCESSION
NO: K-130. ISSN: URL: http://www.international.icomos.org/monumentum/vol27-1/vol27-1_3.pdf.
006874 - Bamiyan. Rahel, Shafie; Sengupta, R.; Miyaji, Akira; Higuchi, Takayasu; Yoshikawa, Itsuji. Tokyo, ACCU,
1976. 36 p, illus. (eng). Asian Culture. 5. Incl. bibl. PRIMARY KEYWORDS: shrines; monumental sculpture;
buddhas; wall paintings; deterioration; conservation; restoration; Afghanistan. SECONDARY KEYWORDS: rock cut
architecture; historical surveys.
// The Small Buddha Bamiyan (Afghanistan) // The Big Buddha, Bamiyan
(Afghanistan) ACCESSION NO: 8907.
011993 - Rock cut buddhas and monasteries, Bamiyan, Afghanistan. Andrine. Unesco. [s.l.], [s.n.], [s.d.]. 2 slides :col.
(eng). Mounts: ICOMOS Duplicata. PRIMARY KEYWORDS: monumental sculpture; buddhist architecture; buddhas;
rock cut architecture; monasteries; Afghanistan. SECONDARY KEYWORDS: slides; general views.
// Bamiyan
(Afghanistan) CALL NO: AF.BAM.03:1-2.
016625 - Sauvons nos trésors contre les pilleurs et les vandales. Bessières, Michel; Choulean, Ang; Doole, Jenny;
Barry, Michel; Sidibé, Samuel; Kinzer, Stephen; Isman, Fabio; Rose, Mark; Lopez, Asbel. Paris, UNESCO, 2001. p.
16-37, illus. (Le Courier de l'UNESCO. Avril 2001) (fre). PRIMARY KEYWORDS: cultural heritage at risk; world
heritage in danger; looting; illicit traffic; archaeological finds; legislation; Turkey; Peru; Afghanistan; Mali.
// J. Paul
Getty Museum, Malibu, California (USA) // Sipan, Peru // Bamiyan, Afghanistan ACCESSION NO: K-054.
017886 - A chronicle of destruction. Despite an all out international effort, the giant Buddhas of Bamiyan have been
destroyed. Why?. L'Homme, Cristina. Paris, UNESCO, 2001. p. 20-21, illus. (Sources UNESCO. 133) (same text in
eng, fre). Chronique d'une mort annoncé. fre. PRIMARY KEYWORDS: cultural heritage at risk; destruction of cultural
heritage; buddhas; sculptures; Afghanistan.
// UNESCO // Bamiyan, Afghanistan ACCESSION NO: K-289.
017915 - The lost treasures of the Afghans. Hatch Dupree, Nancy; Lafrance, Pierre; L'Homme, Cristina; Tarzi,
Zémaryalaï; Matsuura, Koïchiro; Williams, Sue. Paris, UNESCO, 2001. p. 4-9, illus. (Sources UNESCO. 134) (same
text in eng, fre). Une mémoire meurtrie. fre. PRIMARY KEYWORDS: cultural heritage at risk; destruction of cultural
heritage; religious architecture; historic towns; buddhist architecture; buddhas; looting; Afghanistan.
// Society for
the Preservation of Afghanistan's Cultural Heritage (SPACH) // Ay Khânum, Afghanistan // Bagrâm, Afghanistan //
Hadda, Afghanistan // Bamiyan, Afghanistan // Ghazni, Afghanistan // Herat, Afghanistan ACCESSION NO: K-289.
ISSN: 1014-5494.
6
018635 - The destruction of Bamyan. Barry, Michael. Madrid, UNESCO, 2001. p. 4-13, illus., maps. (World Heritage
Review. 20, 2001) (eng). PRIMARY KEYWORDS: destruction of cultural heritage; cultural heritage at risk;
sculptures; Afghanistan.
// Giant Statues of the Buddha in the Valley of Bamiyan, Afghanistan ACCESSION NO:
K-382 b. ISSN: 1020-4202.
019089 - World heritage: shield or target? Gamboni, Dario. Los Angeles, GCI, 2001. p. 5-11, illus. (Conservation: The
Getty Conservation Institute Newsletter. 16, 2) (eng). PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world cultural heritage; world heritage
in danger; cultural heritage at risk; case studies.
// International Committee of the Blue Shield (ICBS) // Buddhas of
Bamiyan, Afghanistan ACCESSION NO: K-314.
021020 - Oltre il restauro: architecture tra conservazione e riuso. Progetti e realizzazioni di Andrea Bruno (19601995). Bruno, Andrea; Mastropietro, Mario (ed.). Milano, Lybra Immagine, 1996. 251 p., illus. (Architettura e Desingn)
(same text in eng, ita). Restoration and beyond: architecture from conservation to conversion. Projects and works by
Andrea Bruno (1960-1995). eng. Incl. bibl. PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic monuments; architects; conservation;
restoration projects; world heritage list; case studies.
// Bruno, andrea // Mausoleum of Abdur-Razaq, Ghazni,
Afghanistan // Minaret of Jam, Afghanistan (WHC 211) // The Valley of Bamiyan and the Wall of the Buddhas,
Afghanistan (WHC 208) // The monuments of Herat, Afghanistan // The Minaret Al-Hadba, Mosul, Irak // Taq-Kisra or
the arch of Ctsiphon, Irak // The Column of Marcus Aurelius, Rome, Italy ACCESSION NO: 14479.
021204 - The reconstruction of the great Buddha of Bamiyan, Afghanistan. Gruen, A.; Remondino, F.; Zhang, L.
Madrid, ICOMOS, 2002. p. 49-55, illus., maps. (eng). In: "XIII Asamblea General del ICOMOS. Actas". PRIMARY
KEYWORDS: world heritage list; reconstruction; buddhas; Afghanistan.
// Buddha of Bamiyan, Afghanistan
ACCESSION NO: 14328.
021239 - Anastylosis or reconstruction: the conservation concept for the remains of the Buddhas or Bamiyan. Petzet,
Michael. Madrid, ICOMOS, 2002. p. 189-192. (eng). In: "XIII Asamblea General del ICOMOS. Actas". PRIMARY
KEYWORDS: buddhas; reconstruction; anastylosis; Afghanistan.
// Buddhas or Bamiyan, Afghanistan
026666 - Afghanistan: ICOMOS actions in Afghanistan. ICOMOS. München, K.G. Saur, 2005. p.26-31, illus. In:
"Heritage at risk 2004/2005: ICOMOS world report on monuments and sites in danger" (eng). PRIMARY
KEYWORDS: cultural heritage at risk; buddhas; conservation; restoration works; consolidation; wall paintings;
Afghanistan.
// UNESCO/ICOMOS. Expert Working Group on the Preservation of the Bamiyan site. 2nd. Munich,
Germany, 18-20 December 2003 // Bamiyan site, Afghanistan ACCESSION NO: 14878. CALL NO: Ri. 095(3).
ISBN: 3-598-24243-3. URL: http://www.international.icomos.org/risk/2004/afganis2004.pdf.
028390 - The obligation to present and avoid destruction of cultural heritage: from Bamiyan to Iraq. Francioni,
Francesco; Lenzerini, Federico. New York, Cambridge University Press, 2006. p. 28-40. In: "Art and cultural heritage:
law, policy and practice" (eng). PRIMARY KEYWORDS: destruction of cultural heritage; cultural heritage at risk; legal
protection; international level; armed conflict; war damage; terrorism; international conventions. // Buddhas of
Bamiyan, Afghanistan ACCESSION NO: 15005. CALL NO: LOI 138. ISBN: 0-521-85764-3.
033305 - Photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information science for heritage documentation. Kraus, Karl.
Instanbul, CIPA, 2003. p. 17-24, illus. In: "Proceedings of the XIXth International Symposium CIPA 2003. New
perspectives to save cultural heritage, Antalya, Turkey, 30 September - 4 October, 2003" (eng). Incl. bibl. and
abstract. PRIMARY KEYWORDS: documentation; photogrammetry; telemetry; cultural heritage. // Schloss
Schönbrunn, Austria (WHC 786) // Historic Centre of Vienna, Austria (WHC 1033) // Buddha Statues of Bamiyan,
Afghanistan (WHC 208 rev) // National Park Neudsielder See // Ephesos, Turkey ACCESSION NO: 14875. CALL
NO: Ph. 253. ISBN: 975-561-245-9.
033388 - Computer reconstruction and modeling of the great Buddah Statue in Bamiyan, Afghanistan. Gruen, A.;
Remondino, F.; Zhang, L. Instanbul, CIPA, 2003. p. 440-445, illus. In: "Proceedings of the XIXth International
Symposium CIPA 2003. New perspectives to save cultural heritage, Antalya, Turkey, 30 September - 4 October,
2003" (eng). Incl. abstract and bibl. PRIMARY KEYWORDS: computer techniques; computer applications;
reconstruction; statues; buddhas; cultural heritage; photogrammetry; close range; 3D; Afghanistan. // Buddha Statue
in Bamiyan, Afghanistan (WHC 208 rev) ACCESSION NO: 14875. CALL NO: Ph. 253. ISBN: 975-561-245-9.
034697 - Dossier Afghanistan. Bruckmann A., Gabriella; Bruno, Andrea; Manfredi, Carlo; Panza, Pierluigi; Chatwin,
Bruce. ANANKE. Firenze, Alinea Editrice, 2001. p. 14-87, illus. (ita). Incl. photographs of Bamiyan and interview with
Andrea Bruno. PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; archaeological heritage; archaeological sites; buddhas;
destruction of cultural heritage; archaeological remains; cultural heritage at risk; Afghanistan. // Bamiyan, Afghanistan
(WHC 208rev) ACCESSION NO: K-513. ISSN: 1129-8219.
035083 - Prelimlinary report on the environmental investigation for the conservation of the Bamiyan Site: 2005 and
2006 seasons. Uno, Tomoko; Yamauchi, Kazuya (ed.). Japan Center for International Cooperation in Conservation,
National Research Institute for Cultural Properties, Tokyo. Tokyo, National Research Institute for Cultural Properties,
2009. 70 p., illus. (Recient Cultural Heritage Issues in Afghanistan. Supplement 3) (eng). Incl. annexes, bibl. and CDROM. PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; archaeological heritage; archaeological sites; conservation
measures; wall paintings; environment; deterioration; environmental deterioration; weathering; climatic factors;
temperature; water; humidity; sunlight; caves; Afghanistan. // Bamiyan Site, Afghanistan (WHC 208 rev)
035084 - Preliminary report on the safeguarding of the Bamiyan Site 2006 - 6th and 7th missions. Yamauchi, Kazuya
(ed.). Japan Center for International Cooperation in Conservation, National Research Institute for Cultural Properties,
Tokyo. Tokyo, National Research Institute for Cultural Properties, 2007. 123 p., illus. (Recient Cultural Heritage Issues
in Afghanistan. Preliminary Report Series 2) (eng). PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; archaeological
heritage; archaeological sites; conservation measures; conservation techniques; wall paintings; caves; environment;
deterioration; environmental deterioration; archaeological surveys; Afghanistan. // Bamiyan Site, Afghanistan (WHC
208 rev) ACCESSION NO: 15865.
7
035085 - Preliminary report on the safeguarding of the Bamiyan Site 2007 - 8th mission. Yamauchi, Kazuya (ed.).
Japan Center for International Cooperation in Conservation, National Research Institute for Cultural Properties,
Tokyo. Tokyo, National Research Institute for Cultural Properties, 2008. 112 p., illus. (Recient Cultural Heritage Issues
in Afghanistan. Preliminary Report Series 4) (eng). PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; archaeological
heritage; archaeological sites; conservation measures; conservation techniques; methodology; wall paintings; caves;
environment; deterioration; environmental deterioration; archaeological surveys; archaeological finds; pattery;
geological surveys; Afghanistan. // Bamiyan Site, Afghanistan (WHC 208 rev) ACCESSION NO: 15866.
005537 - Amsterdamse Maatschappij tot Stadsherstel ; jaarverslag 1985. Amsterdamse Maatschappij tot
Stadsherstel n.v. Amsterdam, Amsterdamsche Maatschappij tot Stadsherstel n.v., 1985. 56 p, illus. (dut).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: enterprises; heritage conservation organizations; urban renewal; houses;
modernization works; restoration projects; Netherlands.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: activity reports.
// Amsterdam (Netherlands)
Australia / Australie
1981- Kakadu National Park / Parc National de Kakadu
(Criteria i - vi - vii - ix - x)
Brief description
This unique archaeological and ethnological reserve, located in the Northern Territory, has been
inhabited continuously for more than 40,000 years. The cave paintings, rock carvings and
archaeological sites record the skills and way of life of the region's inhabitants, from the huntergatherers of prehistoric times to the Aboriginal people still living there. It is a unique example of a
complex of ecosystems, including tidal flats, floodplains, lowlands and plateaux, and provides a habitat
for a wide range of rare or endemic species of plants and animals.
Briève description
Le parc constitue une réserve archéologique et ethnologique unique au monde car les terres sur
lesquelles il s'étend ont été habitées en permanence depuis 40 000 ans. Des vestiges provenant des
e
chasseurs et des pêcheurs du néolithique jusqu'aux aborigènes qui l'habitent encore au XX siècle, il
présente une histoire des techniques et des comportements illustrée par des peintures et des
pictogrammes. C'est le meilleur exemple d'un ensemble d'écosystèmes, depuis les laisses intertidales
jusqu'aux plateaux, en passant par les plaines inondées et les basses terres, habitats d'un grand
nombre d'espèces rares ou endémiques de la flore et de la faune.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
001078 - Nomination form. Parc national du Kakadu. Délégation Permanente d'Australie auprès de l'Unesco. sl,
Délégation Permanente d'Australie auprès de l' Unesco, 1980. 16 p. (Kakadu National Park (Australia)) (eng also in
fre). Kakadu National Park. eng. Date received: 27-08-80/ Quinlan, Gary F./ Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; natural sites; national parks; aboriginal sites; archaeological sites;
Australia; nomination forms.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: historical surveys; conservation policy; rock paintings.
// Kakadu National Park (Australia) ACCESSION NO: WHC 147.
001079 - Icomos evaluation. Parc National du Kakadu. Kakadu National Park (eng). Icomos. Paris, Icomos, 1981. 2 p.
(same text in eng, fre).
8
historical surveys; Australia; archaeological excavations; rock paintings. SECONDARY KEYWORDS: evaluations. //
Kakadu National Park (Australia)
ACCESSION NO: WHC 147.
001080 - Kakadu National Park, plan of management. Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service. Canberra, 1980.
387 p., illus. (Kakadu National Park (Australia)) (eng). Incl. bibl.
Australia.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: management plans; rock paintings. // Kakadu National Park (Australia)
ACCESSION NO: 7144/WHC 147.
001081 - Aboriginal paintings from Australia. Mountford, Charles P. New York, Unesco, 1964. p. 5-24, illus. (Kakadu
National Park (Australia)) (eng). Incl. bibl.
Australia. SECONDARY KEYWORDS: rock paintings.
/ Kakadu National Park (Australia)
ACCESSION NO: 593/WHC 147.
003499 - Visitors and aboriginal sites : access, control and management. Flood, Josephine. Canberra A.C.T.,
Australian Heritage Commission, 1984. p. 3-6, illus. (Heritage Newsletter. 7, 2, April) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: national parks; aboriginal sites; conservation of historic sites; cultural tourism; rock art;
Australia.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: museums; world heritage list; legislation.
// Kakadu National Park (Australia)
ACCESSION NO: K-93. ISSN: 0 313-6701.
013907 - Kakadu National Park, Australia. (s.l.), (s.n.), (s.d.). 42 slides : col. + 1p. typescript + 2 slides(maps). (eng).
From WHC dossier 147 listed in 1992. Missing slides : 1, 19-42.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; rock paintings; rock art; Australia.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: slides. // Kakadu National Park (Australia)
CALL NO: AU.KAK.03: 1-42 (WHC 147). (restricted).
014035 - Archaeological Research in Kakadu National Park. Jones, Rhys; Allen, Dr. Jim; Brockwell, Sally; Clarke,
Anne; Chaloupka, George; Foley, Diane; Fujiwara, Hiroshi; Hope, Goeff; Hughes, Phillip J.; Meehan, Betty;
Negerevich, Tia; Johnson, Ian; Russel-Smith, Jeremy; Watchman, Alan. Australian National Parks and Wildlife
Service; Australian National University. Australia, Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service, 1985. 317 p., illus.,
diagrams, (Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service : Special publication. 13) (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: management of archaeological sites; world Heritage list; research; conservation in situ;
Australia.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: excavations; analysis; recommendations; earthworks.
// Kakadu National Park (Australia)
ACCESSION NO: 12995. CALL NO: Arch. 72. ISBN: 0-642-52392-4.
016466 - L' Affaire Kakadu ébranle le monde du patrimoine. Boukhari, Sophie. Paris, UNESCO, 1999. p.10-13, illus.
(Le Courrier de l'UNESCO; Octobre 1999) (fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: national parks; world heritage list; world heritage in danger; natural sites; rock art sites; man
made deterioration; mines; Australia.
// Parc National de Kakadu, Australie (WHC 147) // World Heritage Convention, 1972
ACCESSION NO: K-054. ISSN: 0304-3118.
016667 - The interaction between biological and cultural diversity. Mc Neely, Jeffrey A.; Keeton, William S. Jena;
Stuttgart; New York, G. Fischer, 1995. p. 25-37. (Cultural Landscapes of Universal Value: components of a global
strategy) (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: cultural landscapes; cultural diversity; natural heritage; cultural heritage; aboriginal cultures.
// IUCN // Uluru National Park // Kakadu National Park // Nitmiluk National Park
ACCESSION NO: 13757. CALL NO: P.C. 003. ISBN: 3-334-61022-5.
016679 - Outstanding cultural landscapes in Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific: the footprint of man in
wilderness. Bridgewater, Peter; Hooy, Theo. Jena; Stuttgart; New York, G. Fischer, 1995. p. 162-169, illus. (Cultural
Landscapes of Universal Value: components of a global strategy) (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: cultural landscapes; world heritage list; Pacific cultures; wildlife; national parks; natural sites;
Australia; New Zealand.
// Kakadu National Park, Australia (WHC 147) // Willandra Lakes Region, Australia (WHC 167) // Tasmanian
Wilderuen, Australia (WHC 181 rev) // Uluni-Kata Tjuta National Park, Australia (WHC 447 rev)
017054 - "To know the place for the first time": Consideration of Diverse Values for an Australian World Heritage Site.
McBryde, Isabel. Paris, ICOMOS, 1994. p. 34-44, illus. (Scientific Journal: Articles of members / Journal Scientifique:
Articles des membres. 3) (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; cultural heritage; natural heritage; cultural landscapes; aboriginal cultures;
sacred places; Australia.
// International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) // UNESCO // Kakadu National Park, Australia (WHC 147)
// Willandra Lakes Region, Australia (WHC 167) // Tasmanian Wilderness, Australia (WHC 181 rev)
ACCESSION NO: 13699. ISSN: 955-613-054-3.
9
019150 - Australia's World Heritage. World Heritage Branch. Canberra, Environment Australia, 1999. 77p., illus. (eng).
Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; world cultural heritage; world heritage convention; legislation; Australia.
// Great Barrier Reef, Australia (WHC 154) // Kakadu National Park, Australia (WHC 147) // Willandra Lakes Region,
Australia (WHC 167) // Tasmanian Wilderness, Australia (WHC 181) // Lord Howe Island Group (WHC 186) // UluruKata Tjuta National Park, Australia (WHC 447) // Central Eastern Rainforest Reserves, Australia (WHC 368) // Wet
Tropics of Queensland, Australia (WHC 486) // Shark Bay, Western Australia (WHC 578) // Fraser Island, Australia
(WHC 630) // Australian Fossil Mammal Sites (Riversleigh/Naracoorte) (WHC 698) // Heard and McDonald Islands,
Australia (WHC 577) // Macquarie Island, Australia (WHC 629)
ACCESSION NO: 14196. ISBN: 0-642-21431-X.
019153 - Metals from the forests: mining and forest degradation. Finger, Andréa; Rondón, Glevys; Garnett, Tommy;
Innes, Larry. [Gland], Arborvitae, IUCN, WWF, 1999. 36p., illus. (Special supplement of Arborvitae) (same text in eng,
spa, fre). Los bosques y sus minerales: minería y degradación. spa. Les métaux issus de la fôret: développement
minier et dégradation des fôrets. fre. Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: forests; mines; minerals; deterioration; national parks; case studies.
// Canaima National Park (WHC 701) // Imataca Reserve, Venezuela // Kamchatka Peninsula, Russian Federation //
Voisey Bay, Labrador, Canada // Mount Fuliban, Papua New Guinea // Thung yai- Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife
Sanctuaries, Thailand (WHC 591) // Kakadu National Park, Australia (WHC 147) // Bom Futura, Amazonia, Brazil //
Kalimantan, Indonesia
ACCESSION NO: 14199. ISBN: 2-8317-0468-5.
021706 - Conservation et restauration de l'art parietal de la Galerie Anbangbang. Dangas, Isabelle; Clarke, John.
Dordogne, Atelier de Recherches et d'Etudes en Perigord, 1990. p. 43-50, illus. (fre). In: "Journées Internationales
d'Etude sur la Conservation de l'Art Rupestre. Actes"; Incl. Bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: rock art sites; conservation; restoration; rock paintings; Australia.
// Anbangbang, Kakadu National Park, Australia
ACCESSION NO: 10251. CALL NO: A.R. 213. ISBN: 2-9504621-0-3.
022005 - Cultural heritage: stereotypes and realities. Forrest, Peter. Carlton, Australia ICOMOS, 1990. p. 21-26, illus.
(Historic Environment. 7, 3-4) (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: aboriginal sites; management; world heritage list; Australia.
// Kakadu National Park, Australia (WHC 147)
ACCESSION NO: K-320.
023539 - The significance of the rock art of the Kakadu region in relation to bodies of rock art in other parts of the
world. Camberra, Heritage Comision, 1980. p. 2-5. (Heritage Newsletter. 3,2) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: rock art sites; rock paintings; Australia.
// Kakadu, Australia (WHC 147)
ACCESSION NO: K-093. ISSN: 0-313-6701.
027019 - Periodic Report: Kakadu National Park. Parks Australia; The Heritage Management Branch of Environment,
Australia. [Paris], [UNESCO], [2003]. 43p. (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage convention; world heritage list; periodic reports; national parks; cultural
landscapes; natural sites; aboriginal sites; archaeological sites; rock art sites; rock paintings; conservation;
management; monitoring; authenticity; Australia.
// Kakadu National Park, Australia (WHC 147)
027174 - Joint management : Kakadu National Park and its art sites. Domicelj, Joan. Hildesheim, City of Hidelsheim,
1997. p.60-65, illus. p. 122-123. In: "International Symposium : World cultural heritage, a global challenge.
Hildesheim, Germany, 23/02 - 01/03 1997" (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; management; national parks; cultural landscapes; aboriginal sites;
Australia.
// Kakadu National Park, Australia (WHC 147 bis)
027175 - Kakadu National Park (Introduction). Haala, Manfred. Hildesheim, City of Hidelsheim, 1997. p.65-66, illus. p.
122-123. In: "International Symposium : World cultural heritage, a global challenge. Hildesheim, Germany, 23/02 01/03 1997" (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; national parks; management; Australia.
027176 - Kakadu National Park. Cooper, Victor. Hildesheim, City of Hidelsheim, 1997. p.67-70, illus. p. 122-123. In:
"International Symposium : World cultural heritage, a global challenge. Hildesheim, Germany, 23/02 - 01/03 1997"
(eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; national parks; aboriginal sites; cultural landscapes; natural heritage;
wildlife; tourism management; management; Australia.
10
1981- Great Barrier Reef / Le Grande Barrière (Criteria vii Ŕ viii Ŕ ix Ŕ x)
Brief description
The Great Barrier Reef is a site of remarkable variety and beauty on the north-east coast of Australia.
It contains the world's largest collection of coral reefs, with 400 types of coral, 1,500 species of fish
and 4,000 types of mollusc. It also holds great scientific interest as the habitat of species such as the
dugong ('sea cow') and the large green turtle, which are threatened with extinction.
Briève description
Au nord-est de la côte australienne, le plus grand ensemble corallien du monde offre, avec ses 400
espèces de coraux, ses 1 500 espèces de poissons et ses 4 000 espèces de mollusques, un
spectacle d'une variété et d'une beauté extraordinaires et d'un haut intérêt scientifique. C'est aussi
l'habitat d'espèces menacées d'extinction, comme le dugong et la grande tortue verte.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
018525 - Les récifs coraliens du Patrimoine Mondial. Unesco, World Heritage Center. Madrid, Unesco, 1997. p.40-49,
illus. (World Heritage Review. 5, 1997) (same text in fre, spa). Arrecifes de coral del Patrimonio Mundial. spa.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: natural sites; world heritage list; coral; reefs.
// Great Barrier Reef, Australia (WHC 154) // Belize Barrier Reef Reserve system, Belize (WHC 764) // Tubbataha
Reef Marine Park, Philippines (WHC 653) // Aldabra Atoll, Seychelles (WHC 185)
ACCESSION NO: K-382 b. ISSN: 1020-4202.
018623 - La grande barrière de corail. Day, Jon; Tanzer, John. Madrid, UNESCO, 2000. p. 4-17, illus., maps. (World
Heritage Review. 17, 2000) (same text in fre, spa). Para que siga siendo la gran barrera de coral. spa.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: natural sites; coral; reefs; world heritage list; Australia.
// Great Barrier Reef, Australia (WHC154)
019148 - Australia's World Heritage. Department of the Environment and Heritage - World Heritage Branch. Canberra,
Environment Australia, 1999. 77p., illus. (eng). Incl. bibl.
024659 - 'My barrier reef': exploring the Bowen community's attachment to the Great Barrier Reef. McIntyre-Tamoy,
Susan. Victoria, Australia ICOMOS, 2004. p.19-28, illus. (Historic Environment . 17, 3) (eng). incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: World Heritage list; natural heritage; local communities; protected areas; management;
social aspects; Australia.
// 'My barrier reef' workshop, June 3, 2003 // Great Barrier Reef, Australia (WHC 154)
031914 - Postcards from the Edge. Broderick, Kathleen; Ferguson, Kathryn. Melbourne, ICOMOS Australia, 2007. 17
p. In: "ICOMOS 2007 Extreme Heritage: Conference handbook" (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: natural landscape; pollution; environment; conservation; coral; cultural landscapes;
management; coastal protection; Australia.
// Great Barrier Reef, Australia
ACCESSION NO: 15433. CALL NO: CC. 005.
11
1981- Willandra Lakes Region / Région de lacs Willandra (Criteria iii - viii)
Brief description
The fossil remains of a series of lakes and sand formations that date from the Pleistocene can be
found in this region, together with archaeological evidence of human occupation dating from 45Ŕ
60,000 years ago. It is a unique landmark in the study of human evolution on the Australian continent.
Several well-preserved fossils of giant marsupials have also been found here.
Briève description
On trouve dans cette région les restes fossilisés d'une série de lacs et de formations dunaires du
pléistocène, ainsi que la preuve archéologique d'une occupation humaine il y a de cela 60 000 à 45
000 ans. C'est un jalon unique dans l'histoire de l'évolution humaine sur le continent australien. On a
découvert également dans la région plusieurs fossiles de marsupiaux géants bien conservés.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
001082 - Nomination form. Région des Lacs Willandra. Délégation Permanente de l'Australie auprès de l'Unesco. sl,
Délégation Permanente de l'Australie auprès de l'Unesco, 1980. 11 p. (Willandra Lakes Region (Australia)) (engalso
in fre). The Willandra Lakes Region. eng. Date received: 31.12.80/ Quinlan, Gary Francis/ Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; natural sites; archaeological sites; prehistoric sites; Australia; nomination
forms.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: historical surveys; conservation policy tombs; tools.
// Willandra Lakes (Australia)
001083 - Icomos evaluation. Région des Lacs Willandra. The Willandra Lakes Region (eng). Icomos. Paris, Icomos,
1981. 2 p. (same text in eng, fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; natural sites; archaeological sites; prehistoric sites; historical surveys;
Australia.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: evaluations. // Willandra Lakes Region, Australia (WHC 167)
001085 - Map. Geomorphic Map of the Mallee region. Northern Victoria and Western New South Wales. Canberra,
1977. 1 map. (Willandra Lakes Region (Australia)) (eng). Legend : lacustrine, aeolian.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; natural sites; archaeological sites; prehistoric sites; Australia; maps. //
Willandra Lakes (Australia)
ACCESSION NO: WHC 167. CALL NO: Map 1.
001086 - Map. The course of Willandra Billabong Creek. sl, nd. 1 map. (Willandra Lakes Region (Australia)) (eng).
001087 - Map. Detailed map of the Willandra Lakes Region. sl, nd. 1 map. (Willandra Lakes Region (Australia)) (eng).
001088 - Map. Map of leasehold properties and the boundaries of the World Heritage Nomination. sl, nd. 1 map.
(Willandra Lakes Region (Australia)) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; natural sites; archaeological sites; prehistoric sites; Australia; maps.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: perimeter of protection. // Willandra Lakes (Australia)
001089 - Plan. Fig 1 : Woc Section 5. Joulni and burial site. Bowler, J.M. sl, nd. 1 plan. (Willandra Lakes Region
(Australia)) (eng). Surveyed section through Mungo lunette at southern end showing the stratigraphic relationship of
the eroded Zanci and Mungo units.
12
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; natural sites; archaeological sites; prehistoric sites; Australia; plans.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: necropoles. // Willandra Lakes (Australia)
001090 - Plan. Fig 2 : Woc section 6. Archaeological transect. Bowler, J.M. sl, 1973. 1 plan. (Willandra Lakes Region
(Australia)) (eng). Transect through lunette at site of the 1973 excavation.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; natural sites; archaeological sites; prehistoric sites; Australia; plans.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: archaeological excavations.
001091 - Plan. Fig 3 : Woc Section 4. Palaeomagnetic reversal site. Bowler, J.M. sl, nd. 1 plan. (Willandra Lakes
Region (Australia)) (eng). Transect through Walls of China at main research area for the palaeomagnetic excursion.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; natural sites; archaeological sites; prehistoric sites; Australia; plans. //
001092 - Photo. [Natural aspects]. Bowler, J.M.; Magee, J.; Mulvaney, D.J.; Shawcross, F.W. sl, nd. 9 photos: col.,
8x12 cm. (Willandra Lakes Region (Australia)) (eng). In nomination form.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; natural sites; archaeological sites; prehistoric sites; Australia;
photographs. SECONDARY KEYWORDS: soil properties.
ACCESSION NO: WHC 167. CALL NO: Photos : 1 to 9.
001093 - Photo. [Mungo station and Zanci station]. McBryde, I.; Shawcross, F.W. sl, nd. 2 photos: col., 8x12 cm.
(Willandra Lakes Region (Australia)) (eng). In nomination form.
photographs.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: vernacular architecture.
ACCESSION NO: WHC 167. CALL NO: Photos : 19-20.
001094 - Photo. [Excavations and archaeological remains]. Barbetti, M.; Bowler, J.M.; McBryde, I.; Mulvaney, D.J.;
Shawcross, F.W. sl, nd. 9 photos: col., 8x12 cm. (Willandra Lakes Region (Australia)) (eng). In nomination form.
photographs. SECONDARY KEYWORDS: archaeological excavations.
ACCESSION NO: WHC 167. CALL NO: Photos : 10 to 18.
012095 - Willandra Lakes Region and archaeological excavations, Australia. [s.l.], [s.n.], [s.d.]. 10 slides : col.+ 2 p.
typescript. (eng). From dossier WHC 167 listed in 1981. Slide 3-1 missing. Accompanying material: narrative
legends.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; archaeological heritage; cultural heritage; natural heritage; archaeological
excavations; archaeological finds; human remains; human settlement sites; archaeological field work; archaeologists;
Australia.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: slides; aerial photography.
// Lake Mungo Lunettes, Willandra Lakes Region (Australia)
CALL NO: AU.WIL.02:1-10 (WHC167). (restricted).
016773 - The role of the local communities involvement in the management of World Natural Heritage. Towsend,
George. Paris, UNESCO, 1999. p.180-184. (eng). In : "World Natural Heritage and the local community", Incl.bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; natural heritage; local communities; community participation; aboriginal
cultures; conservation; management; local level; Australia.
// Willandra Lakes Region, Australia (WHC 167)
Incl. bibl.
025668 - Local involvement and traditional practices in the world heritage system. Sullivan, Sharon. Paris, UNESCO
WHC, 2004. p.49-55. (World Heritage Papers. 13) In: "Linking universal and local values : managing a sustainable
future for world heritage" (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world cultural heritage; local level; management; community participation; Australia.
// Willandra Lakes, Australia (WHC 167)
ACCESSION NO: 14553-13.
027015 - Periodic Report: Willandra Lakes Region. Environtment Australia; NSW National Parks, Australis; Wildlife
Service, Australia. [Paris], [UNESCO], [2003]. 35p. (eng). Incl. bibl.
13
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage convention; world heritage list; periodic reports; lakes; natural heritage;
natural sites; conservation; management; monitoring; tourists; attendance rate; authenticity; Australia.
// Willandra Lakes Region, Australia (WHC 181)
1982 - Tasmanian Wilderness / Zone de nature sauvage de Tasmanie
(Criteria iii Ŕ iv Ŕ vi Ŕ vii Ŕ viii Ŕ ix - x)
Brief description
In a region that has been subjected to severe glaciation, these parks and reserves, with their steep
gorges, covering an area of over 1 million ha, constitute one of the last expanses of temperate
rainforest in the world. Remains found in limestone caves attest to the human occupation of the area
for more than 20,000 years.
Briève description
Dans une région qui a subi de fortes glaciations, ces parcs et réserves, avec leurs gorges profondes,
qui couvrent une superficie de plus d'un million d'hectares, constituent l'une des dernières étendues
de forêt pluviale tempérée du monde. Les vestiges découverts dans les grottes calcaires témoignent
de l'occupation de la région depuis plus de 20 000 ans.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
001123 - Nomination form. Parcs Nationaux des étendues sauvages de Tasmanie Occidentale. Délégation
Permanente d'Australie auprès de l'Unesco. sl, Délégation Permanente d'Australie auprès de l'Unesco, 1981. 9 p.
(Western Tasmania Wilderness National Parks (Australia)) (engalso in fre). Western Tasmania Wilderness National
Parks. eng. Date received: 13-11-81/ Watson, J.M.C./ Incl. bibl. PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; natural
sites; archaeological sites; prehistoric sites; national parks; Australia; nomination forms. SECONDARY KEYWORDS:
historical surveys; conservation policy; archaeological excavations; caves; mines; dams. // Tasmania (Australia)
001124 - Icomos evaluation. Parcs Nationaux des étendues sauvages de Tasmanie Occidentale. Western Tasmania
Wilderness National Parks (eng). Icomos. Paris, Icomos, 1982. 2 p. (same text in eng, fre). PRIMARY KEYWORDS:
world heritage list; natural sites; archaeological sites; prehistoric sites; national parks; Australia; historical surveys;
caves. SECONDARY KEYWORDS: evaluations. // Western Tasmania Wilderness National Parks, Australia (WHC
181) ACCESSION NO: WHC 181.
001125 - World Heritage: One of a Trio. Kiernan, Kevin. Melbourne, Australian Conservation Foundation, 1978. p.
271-273, illus. (Western Tasmania Wilderness National Parks (Australia)) (eng). The South West Book : a Tasmanian
Wilderness. PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; natural sites; archaeological sites; prehistoric sites; national
parks; Australia. SECONDARY KEYWORDS: fossils; natural disasters; tourism; conservation measures. // Tasmania
(Australia) ACCESSION NO: WHC 181.
001126 - Life during the late Pleistocene. Murray, Peter. Melbourne, Australian Conservation Foundation, 1978. p.
126-128, illus. (Western Tasmania Wilderness National Parks (Australia)) (eng). The South West Book : a Tasmanian
Wilderness. PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; natural sites; prehistoric sites; archaeological sites; Australia.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: caves; fossils; human remains. // Florentine Valley, Tasmania (Australia) ACCESSION
NO: WHC 181.
001127 - Submission to the senate select committee on southwest Tasmania. Jones, Rhys. Canberra, Department of
Prehistory, Australian National University , 1982. p. 96-106. (Australian Archaeology. 14) (eng). PRIMARY
KEYWORDS: world heritage list; natural sites; archaeological sites; prehistoric sites; Australia. SECONDARY
KEYWORDS: archaeological finds; caves; fossils; tools. // Franklin River, Tasmania (Australia) // Gordon River,
Tasmania (Australia) // Western Tasmania Wilderness National Parks (Australia) ACCESSION NO: WHC 181.
001128 - The extreme climatic place. sl, 1981. p. 54-59, illus. (Hemisphere. 26, 1) (eng). PRIMARY KEYWORDS:
world heritage list; natural sites; archaeological sites; prehistoric sites; Australia. SECONDARY KEYWORDS:
archaeological finds; caves; tools. // Western Tasmania Wilderness National Parks (Australia) ACCESSION NO:
WHC 181.
14
001130 - New evidence from Fraser Cave for glacial age man in southwest Tasmania. Kiernan, Kevin; Jones, Rhis;
Ranson, Don. sl, Macmillan Journals Ltd, 1983. p. 28-32. (Nature. 301, 5895) (eng). PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world
heritage list; natural sites; archaeological sites; prehistoric sites; Australia. SECONDARY KEYWORDS:
archaeological finds; caves; tools. // Fraser Cave, Tasmania (Australia) // Western Tasmania Wilderness National
Parks (Australia) ACCESSION NO: WHC 181.
020615 - Modern urban space ephemera: the Tasmanian experience. Neale, Anne. Adelaide, The University of
Adelaide, Australia ICOMOS, 2002. p. 208-216 , illus. (eng). In "20th Century heritage. Our Recent cultural legacy";
Incl. bibl. PRIMARY KEYWORDS: urban spaces; urban development; 20th; Australia. // Tasmania, Australia
ACCESSION NO: 14370. ISBN: 0-9581987-1-3. ISSN:
020620 - Preserving the past: Tasmania 1935-1960. Petrow, Stefan. Adelaide, The University of Adelaide, Australia
ICOMOS, 2002. p. 244-248. (eng). In "20th Century heritage. Our Recent cultural legacy"; Incl. bibl. PRIMARY
KEYWORDS: conservation; modern architecture; cultural heritage; Australia; 20th. // Tasmania, Australia
ACCESSION NO: 14370. ISBN: 0-9581987-1-3. ISSN:
021467 - Port Arthur Historic Site: Port Arthur Historic Site management Authority. A case study. Torre, Marta de la;
Manson, Randall; Mylers, David. The Getty Conservaton Institute. Los Angeles, The Getty Conservaton Institute,
2003. 71 p., illus., maps. (eng). Incl. bibl. PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic sites; conservation plans; Australia. // Port
Arthur Historic Site Management Authority (PAHSMA) // Port Arthur Historic Site, Tasmania, Australia ACCESSION
NO: 14505.
021896 - The isle of gothic silence. Young, Greg. Kingston, Australia ICOMOS, 1997. p. 4-11, illus. (Historic
Environment. 13, 2) (eng). PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic sites; cultural diversity; Australia. // Port Arthur,
Tasmania, Australia ACCESSION NO: K-320. ISSN: 0726-6715.
021945 - The Upper Mersey River Valley, Tasmania: assessing cultural values in a natural area. Russell, Jim.
Kingston, Australia ICOMOS, 1997. p. 42-44. (Historic Environment. 13, 3-4) (eng). PRIMARY KEYWORDS: cultural
landscapes; rivers; Australia. // Upper Mersey River Valley, Tasmania, Australia ACCESSION NO: K-320. ISSN:
0726-6715.
022111 - Islands of Vanishment. Port Arthur Historic Site, Tasmania, June 2002. Islands of Vanishment. Australia
ICOMOS. Burwood, Australia ICOMOS, 2002. 60 p., illus. (Historic Envirionment. 16,2) (eng). PRIMARY
KEYWORDS: memorials; historic sites; prisons; commemoration; Australia. // Port Arthur Historic Site, Tasmania,
Australia ACCESSION NO: K-320. ISSN: 0726-6715.
022113 - Port Arthur Historic Site and Australia ICOMOS: the formative years. Egloff, Brian. Burwood, Australia
ICOMOS, 2002. p. 7-12, illus. (Historic Envirionment. 16,3) (eng). Incl. bibl. PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic sites;
national parks; conservation projects; Australia. // Australia ICOMOS // Port Arthur Historic Site, Tasmania, Australia
022114 - Port Arthur Historic Site: inclusive conservation planning at a painful place. Mackay, Richard. Burwood,
Australia ICOMOS, 2002. p.13-16, illus. (Historic Envirionment. 16,3) (eng). PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic sites;
conservation plans; Australia. // Port Arthur Historic Site, Tasmania, Australia ACCESSION NO: K-320. ISSN: 07266715.
022115 - Conservation v. Tourism: can't we still be friends? Romey, Peter. Burwood, Australia ICOMOS, 2002. p.1721, illus. (Historic Envirionment. 16,3) (eng). PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic sites; cultural tourism; conservation;
Australia. // Port Arthur Historic Site, Tasmania, Australia ACCESSION NO: K-320. ISSN: 0726-6715.
022116 - From convict prison to the Gothic ruins of tourist attraction. Goc, Nicola. Burwood, Australia ICOMOS, 2002.
p.22-26, illus. (Historic Envirionment. 16,3) (eng). Incl. bibl. PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic sites; prisons; ruins;
cultural tourism; Australia. // Port Arthur Historic Site, Tasmania, Australia ACCESSION NO: K-320. ISSN: 07266715.
022117 - The management of paradox: the archaeology of the Port Arthur lanscapes. Morrison, Richard. Burwood,
Australia ICOMOS, 2002. p.27-33. (Historic Envirionment. 16,3) (eng). Incl. bibl. PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic
sites; historic landscapes; archaeology; Australia. // Port Arthur Historic Site, Tasmania, Australia ACCESSION NO:
K-320. ISSN: 0726-6715.
022118 - Talking with empty rooms. Clark, Julia. Burwood, Australia ICOMOS, 2002. p.34-37. (Historic Envirionment.
16,3) (eng). Incl. bibl. PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic sites; houses; Australia. // Port Arthur Historic Site, Tasmania,
Australia ACCESSION NO: K-320. ISSN: 0726-6715.
022119 - The Broad Arrow Café, Port Arthur, Tasmania: using social values methodology to resolve the
commemoration issues. Lennon, Jane. Burwood, Australia ICOMOS, 2002. p.38-46, illus. (Historic Envirionment.
16,3) (eng). Incl. bibl. PRIMARY KEYWORDS: memorials; commemoration; cafés; Australia; social aspects. // Broad
Arrow Café, Port Arthur Historic Site, Tasmania, AustraliaACCESSION NO: K-320. ISSN: 0726-6715.
023592 - The cultural significance of australian alpine areas. Lenno, Jane L. Australia, ICOMOS, 2003. p. 14-17.
(Historic Environment. 17,2) (eng). Incl. bibl. PRIMARY KEYWORDS: cultural significance; aboriginal cultures;
aboriginal sites; mountains; Australia. // Tasmania, AustraliaACCESSION NO: K-320. ISSN: 0726-6715.
026520 - Rainforest Sites on the Australian Plateau. Hitchcock, Peter. Madrid, San Marcos, UNESCO, 2003. p.36-47,
illus., map. (World Heritage Review. 28) (same text in eng, fre, spa). Bosques húmedos de la placa continental
Australiana. spa. Forêts Tropicales Humides sur le Plateau Australien. fre. PRIMARY KEYWORDS: forests; world
heritage list; natural heritage; natural sites; Australia. // Central Eastern Rainforest Reserves, Australia (WHC 368) //
Lorenz National Park, Indonesia (WHC 955) // Tasmanian Wilderness, Australia (WHC 181) // Wet Tropics of
Queensland, Australia (WHC 486) ACCESSION NO: K-382-b. ISSN: 1020-4202.
15
027020 - Periodic Report: Thasmanian Wilderness. The Heritage Management Branch of Environment Australia; The
Parks and Wildlife Service, Australia. [Paris], [UNESCO], [2003]. 25p. (eng). PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage
convention; world heritage list; periodic reports; natural sites; archaeological sites; prehistoric sites; national parks;
wildlife; caves; conservation; management; monitoring; authenticity; Australia. // Tasmanian Wilderness, Australia
033032 - Petroglyphs of Meenamatta, the Blue Tier mountains, Tasmania. Bednarik, Robert G.; Andrews, Gloria;
Cameron, Stephen; Bednarik, Elfriede. Caulfield South, AURA, 2007. p. 161-170, illus. (Rock Art research. 24, 2)
(eng). Ind.abstract and bibl. PRIMARY KEYWORDS: rock art; petroglyphs; Australia. // Meenamatta, the blue tier
mountains,Tasmania, Australia ACCESSION NO: K-596. ISSN: 0813-0426.
1982- Lord Howe Island Group / Les iles Lord Howe (Criteria vii - x)
Brief description
A remarkable example of isolated oceanic islands, born of volcanic activity more than 2,000 m under
the sea, these islands boast a spectacular topography and are home to numerous endemic species,
especially birds.
Briève description
Remarquable exemple d'îles océaniques isolées, nées d'une activité volcanique sous-marine à plus
de 2 000 m de profondeur, ces îles présentent une topographie spectaculaire et abritent de
nombreuses espèces endémiques, en particulier d'oiseaux.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
018530 - Islands: living laboratories of evolution. Unesco, World Heritage Center. Madrid, Unesco, 1997. p.40-49,
illus. (World Heritage Review. 6, 1997) (eng). PRIMARY KEYWORDS: natural heritage; natural sites; world heritage
list; islands.
// Lord Howe Island Group, Australia (WHC 186) // Galapagos islands, Ecuador (WHC 1) // Aldabra
Atoll, Seychelles (WHC 185) // Gough island Wildlife Reserve, UK (WHC 740) // Henderson island, UK (WHC 487) //
St. kilda, UK (WHC 387) ACCESSION NO: K-382 b. ISSN: 1020-4202.
Incl. bibl. PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; world cultural heritage; world heritage convention; legislation;
Australia.
// Great Barrier Reef, Australia (WHC 154) // Kakadu National Park, Australia (WHC 147) // Willandra
Lakes Region, Australia (WHC 167) // Tasmanian Wilderness, Australia (WHC 181) // Lord Howe Island Group (WHC
186) // Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park, Australia (WHC 447) // Central Eastern Rainforest Reserves, Australia (WHC
368) // Wet Tropics of Queensland, Australia (WHC 486) // Shark Bay, Western Australia (WHC 578) // Fraser Island,
Australia (WHC 630) // Australian Fossil Mammal Sites (Riversleigh/Naracoorte) (WHC 698) // Heard and McDonald
Islands, Australia (WHC 577) // Macquarie Island, Australia (WHC 629) ACCESSION NO: 14196. ISBN: 0-64221431-X.
1986- Central Eastern Rainforest Reserves (Australia) / Réserves de forêts
ombrophiles centre-orientales de l'Australie (Criteria viii - ix - x)
16
Brief description
This site, comprising several protected areas, is situated predominantly along the Great Escarpment
on Australia's east coast. The outstanding geological features displayed around shield volcanic craters
and the high number of rare and threatened rainforest species are of international significance for
science and conservation.
Briève description
Ce site, qui comprend plusieurs aires protégées, se trouve principalement le long du Grand
Escarpement sur la côte est de l'Australie. Les caractéristiques géologiques exceptionnelles présentes
autour des cratères des volcans boucliers et le nombre élevé d'espèces rares et menacées qu'abrite
ce site sont d'une importance internationale pour la science et la conservation.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
Incl. bibl. PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; world cultural heritage; world heritage convention; legislation;
Australia.
// Great Barrier Reef, Australia (WHC 154) // Kakadu National Park, Australia (WHC 147) // Willandra
Lakes Region, Australia (WHC 167) // Tasmanian Wilderness, Australia (WHC 181) // Lord Howe Island Group (WHC
186) // Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park, Australia (WHC 447) // Central Eastern Rainforest Reserves, Australia (WHC
368) // Wet Tropics of Queensland, Australia (WHC 486) // Shark Bay, Western Australia (WHC 578) // Fraser Island,
Australia (WHC 630) // Australian Fossil Mammal Sites (Riversleigh/Naracoorte) (WHC 698) // Heard and McDonald
Islands, Australia (WHC 577) // Macquarie Island, Australia (WHC 629) ACCESSION NO: 14196. ISBN: 0-64221431-X.
Australiana. spa. Forêts Tropicales Humides sur le Plateau Australien. fre. PRIMARY KEYWORDS: forests; world
heritage list; natural heritage; natural sites; Australia.
// Central Eastern Rainforest Reserves, Australia (WHC 368)
// Lorenz National Park, Indonesia (WHC 955) // Tasmanian Wilderness, Australia (WHC 181) // Wet Tropics of
Queensland, Australia (WHC 486) ACCESSION NO: K-382-b. ISSN: 1020-4202.
1987- Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park / Parc national d'Uluru-Kata Tjuta
(Criteria v Ŕ vi Ŕvii - ix)
Brief description
This park, formerly called Uluru (Ayers Rock Ŕ Mount Olga) National Park, features spectacular
geological formations that dominate the vast red sandy plain of central Australia. Uluru, an immense
monolith, and Kata Tjuta, the rock domes located west of Uluru, form part of the traditional belief
system of one of the oldest human societies in the world. The traditional owners of Uluru-Kata Tjuta
are the Anangu Aboriginal people.
Briève description
Ce parc, qui s'appelait autrefois parc national d'Uluru (Ayers Rock-Mont Olga), présente des
formations géologiques spectaculaires qui dominent la vaste plaine sableuse du centre de l'Australie.
L'immense monolithe d'Uluru et les dômes rocheux de Kata Tjuta, à l'ouest d'Uluru, font partie
intégrante du système de croyances traditionnelles de l'une des plus anciennes sociétés humaines du
monde. Les propriétaires traditionnels d'Uluru-Kata Tjuta appartiennent au peuple aborigène des
Anangu.
17
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
016021 - Australie. Parc National d'Uluru-Kata Tjuta. Slides. 39 slides: col. (fre). Listed as WHC 447 rev. in 1994.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: World heritage list; natural heritage; natural sites; national parks; Australia. SECONDARY
KEYWORDS: natural parks; parks; animals; trees.
// Parc National d'Uluru-Kata Tjuta (Australia)
ACCESSION NO: AU.ULU.04:1-39 (WHC 447 rev.).
016524 - "Intangible values" as heritage in Australia. Truscott, Marilyn. Paris, ICOMOS, 2000. p. 4-11. (ICOMOS
News/Nouvelles de l'ICOMOS. 10, N°1) (same text in fre, eng). "Valeurs immatérielles": patrimoine d'Australie. fre.
Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: intangible heritage; cultural heritage; aboriginal cultures; sacred places; cultural significance;
Australia.
// Australia ICOMOS // Uluru Kata-Tjuta, Australia (WHC 447 rev) // The Burra Charter
016667 - The interaction between biological and cultural diversity. Mc Neely, Jeffrey A.; Keeton, William S. Jena;
Stuttgart; New York, G. Fischer, 1995. p. 25-37. (Cultural Landscapes of Universal Value: components of a global
strategy) (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: cultural landscapes; cultural diversity; natural heritage; cultural heritage; aboriginal cultures.
// IUCN // Uluru National Park // Kakadu National Park // Nitmiluk National Park
016761 - Operationalising joint management. A case study from Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park, Australia (WHC 447
rev). Holden, Annie; Josif, Paul. Paris, UNESCO, 1999. p. 89-96. (eng). In: "World Natural Heritage and the local
community", Incl.bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; natural sites; human environment; local communities; management;
aboriginal sites; community participation; Australia.
// Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park, Australia (WHC 447 rev)
018511 - Including cultural landscapes on the World's Heritage List. Titchen, Sarah M. Madrid, Unesco, 1996. p.3439, illus. (World Heritage Review. 2, 1996) (same text in eng, spa, fre). Paisajes culturales del patrimonio mundial.
spa. Inclusion des paysages culturels dans la liste du Patrimoine Mondial. fre.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: cultural landscapes; national parks; world heritage list.
// The rice terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras, Philippines (WHC 722) // Tongariro National Park, New Zealand
(WHC 421) // Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park, Australia (WHC 447)
018605 - World heritage and biosphere reserves: two sides on the same coin. Bridgewater, Peter. Madrid, UNESCO,
1999. p. 40-49, illus., maps (World Heritage Review. 13, 1999) (same text in eng, fre, spa). Patrimoine mondial et
réserves de la biosphére: deux faces de la même monnaie. fre. Patrimonio mundial y reservas de la biosfera: dos
caras de la misma moneda. spa.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; natural heritage; natural sites; biosphere; national parks; forests. // UluruKata Tjuta National Park, Australia (WHC 447) // Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park, Italy (WHC 842) // Sian
Ka'an, Mexico (WHC 410) // Sinharaja Forest Reserve, Sri Lanka (WHC 405)
018803 - Cultural Landscapes and the Natural Environment. Blair, Sandy; Titchen, Sarah; McCann, Joy. Colombo,
ICOMOS, 1996. p. 146-153, illus. (Central Cultural Fund Publication. 201) (eng). In: "Monuments and Sites: Australia".
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: cultural landscapes; natural environment; case studies; Australia. // Uluru-Kata Tjuta Cultural
Landscape, NT // Melbourne's Water Supply, Central Highlands, Vic
ACCESSION NO: 13884. ISBN: 0-646-28360-X. ISSN:
020468 - Tourism tracks and sacred places: Pashupatinath and Uluru. Case studies from Nepal and Australia. Cros,
Hilary du; Johnston, Chris. Burwood, Australia ICOMOS, 2002. p. 38-42, illus. (Historic environment. 16, 2) (eng). Incl.
bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: sacred places; cultural routes; intangible heritage; pilgrimage; Australia; Nepal.
// Pashupatinath Temple Complex, Nepal // Uluru-Kata. Tjuta Park, Australia (WHC 447)
ACCESSION NO: k-320. ISSN: 0726-6715.
022062 - Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park: sustainable management and development. Calma, Graeme; Liddle,
Lynette. Paris, UNESCO WHC, 2003. p.104-119. (World Heritage Papers. 7) (eng). In: "Cultural landscapes: the
challenges of conservation" ; Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: national parks; world heritage list; cultural landscapes; management; conservation; Australia.
// Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park, Australia (WHC 447)
ACCESSION NO: 14583. CALL NO: P.C. 54.
18
022091 - "Nganana Tatintja Wiya" "we never climb" Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park sustainable management and
development. Beazley, Olwen; Calma, Graeme; Liddle, Lynette. Tokyo, UNESCO WHC, 2001. p. 231-256, illus. (eng).
In: "UNESCO thematic expert meeting on Asia-Pacific sacred mountains. Final report" ; Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: cultural landscapes; sacred places; mountains; management; sustainable development;
legal protection. // Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park, Australia (WHC 447)
025450 - Virtual reality, multimedia and archaeological sites: recent developments and applications. Ogleby, Clifford.
Paris, UNESCO, 2003. p. 153-164, illus. In: "Proceedings of the International Congress: More than two thousand
years in the history of architecture" (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: archaeological sites; new technologies; recording techniques; virtual reality; multimedia;
documentation; photogrammetry; internet; case studies.
// Ayutthaya, Thailand // Ned Kelly's Armour, Australia // Uluru, Australia (WHC 447) // Olimpia, Greece
026575 - The interdependency of the tangible and intangible cultural heritage. Communication inaugurale/Keynote
address.. Bouchenaki, Mounir. [Paris], [ICOMOS], [2005]. p.13-17. In: "ICOMOS Scientific Symposium: Placememory-meaning: preserving intangible values in monuments and sites" (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: cultural heritage; intangible heritage; world heritage convention; world cultural heritage.
// UNESCO // Robben Island, South Africa (WHC 916) // Tombs of the Buganda Kings at Kasubi, Uganda (WHC
1022) // Uluru, Kata Tjuta National Park, Australia (WHC 447)
ACCESSION NO: 14852. URL: http://www.international.icomos.org/victoriafalls2003/papers/2 - Allocution
Bouchenaki.pdf.
027021 - Periodic Report: Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park. The Heritage Management Branch of Environment and
Heritage, Australia; Parks Australian. [Paris], [UNESCO], [2003]. 37p. (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage convention; world heritage list; periodic reports; national parks; natural
heritage; natural sites; cultural landscapes; conservation; management; monitoring; authenticity; Australia.
033338 - Between a rock and a data base: a cultural site management system for the rock paintings of Uluru, Central
Australia. Ogleby, C.L.; MacLaren, G.; Starkey, M. Instanbul, CIPA, 2003. p. 187-190, illus. In: "Proceedings of the
XIXth International Symposium CIPA 2003. New perspectives to save cultural heritage, Antalya, Turkey, 30
September - 4 October, 2003" (eng). Incl. abstract and bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: conservation; management; photographs; rock art; rock paintings; documentation; cultural
landscapes; software; photogrammetry; world heritage list; Australia.
// Uluru, Kata Tjuto, Australia (WHC 447 rev.)
ACCESSION NO: 14875. CALL NO: Ph. 253. ISBN: 975-561-245-9.
035595 - El Patrimonio Mundial en el corazón del desierto australiano. Australian Government Department of the
Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts. Paris, UNESCO; Valencia, Pressgroup Holdings, 2008. p. 46-51, illus.
(Patrimonio Mundial. 51) (spa).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; natural heritage; aboriginal sites; cultural landscapes; Australia.
ACCESSION NO: K-382-b. ISSN: 1020-4539.
035604 - World Heritage in Australia's desert heart. Australian Government Department of the Environment, Water,
Heritage and the Arts. Paris, UNESCO; Valencia, Pressgroup Holdings, 2008. p. 46-51, illus. (World Heritage. 51)
(eng).
035613 - Patrimoine mondial au coeur du désert australien. Australian Government Department of the Environment,
Water, Heritage and the Arts. Paris, UNESCO; Valencia, Pressgroup Holdings, 2008. p. 46-51, illus. (Patrimoine
Mondial. 51) (fre).
1988- Wet Tropics of Queensland / Tropiques humides de Queensland
(Criteria vii - viii - ix - x)
19
Brief description
This area, which stretches along the north-east coast of Australia for some 450 km, is made up largely
of tropical rainforests. This biotope offers a particularly extensive and varied array of plants, as well as
marsupials and singing birds, along with other rare and endangered animals and plant species.
Briève description
Cette région, qui s'étend le long de la côte nord-est de l'Australie, comprend principalement des forêts
tropicales humides. Ce biotope offre un échantillon particulièrement complet et varié de plantes, de
marsupiaux et d'oiseaux chanteurs, ainsi que des espèces végétales et animales rares et menacées.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
011804 - The Historic Environment, The National Estate. Australian Heritage Commission(= AHC). Canberra,
Australian Heritage Government, 1990. p. 1-8, illus. (Heritage News. 13,1) (eng). Supplement to Heritage News, in,
"Education Notes", n6 ; incl. Bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: architectural heritage; historic sites; natural heritage; conservation of cultural heritage; listing
of historic monuments; criteria; national level; Australia.
// Masonic Hall, Cue (Australia) // Glendalough, Rosewood (Australia) // Sydney Opera House (Australia) //
Ravenswood Township, Queensland (Australia) // Stirling Gardens, Perth (Australia) // Lal Lal Blast Furnace
(Australia) // Low Head Lighthouse (Australia)
ACCESSION NO: k-93. ISSN: 06 4411 648 x.
018519 - Tropical rain forests of the World Heritage. Unesco, World Heritage Center. Madrid, Unesco, 1997. p.40-49,
illus. (World Heritage Review. 4, 1997) (same text in eng, spa, fre). Bosques húmedos tropicales del Patrimonio
Mundial. spa. Les forêts tropicales humides du Patrimoine Mondial. fre.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: natural heritage; natural sites; forests; world heritage list.
// Central Eastern Rain Forest Reserves, Australia (WHC 368) // Wet Tropics of Queensland, Australia (WHC 486) //
Dja Faunal Reserve, Cameroon (WHC 407) // Talamanca Range-la Amistad Reserves / Las Amistad National Park,
Costa-Rica and Panama (WHC 205-552) // Tikal National Park, Guatemala (WHC 64) // Rio Plátano Biosphere
Reserve, honduras (WHC 196) // Sian Ka'an Biosphere Reserve, Mexico (WHC 410) // Darién National park, Panama
(WHC 159) // Manu National Park, Peru (WHC 402) // Salonga National Park, Democratic Republic of the Congo
(WHC 280)
Incl. bibl.
Australiana. spa. Forêts Tropicales Humides sur le Plateau Australien. fre.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: forests; world heritage list; natural heritage; natural sites; Australia.
// Central Eastern Rainforest Reserves, Australia (WHC 368) // Lorenz National Park, Indonesia (WHC 955) //
Tasmanian Wilderness, Australia (WHC 181) // Wet Tropics of Queensland, Australia (WHC 486)
1991- Shark Bay, Western Australia / Baie Shark, Australie occidentale
20
Brief description
At the most westerly point of the Australian continent, Shark Bay, with its islands and the land
surrounding it, has three exceptional natural features: its vast sea-grass beds, which are the largest
(4,800 sq. km) and richest in the world; its dugong ('sea cow') population; and its stromatolites
(colonies of algae which form hard, dome-shaped deposits and are among the oldest forms of life on
earth). Shark Bay is also home to five species of endangered mammals.
Briève description
Située à l'extrémité ouest du continent australien, la baie Shark, avec ses îles et les terres qui
l'entourent, possède trois caractéristiques naturelles exceptionnelles : ses vastes herbiers marins, les
plus étendus (4 800 km²) et les plus riches du monde, sa population de dugongs, ou « vaches marines
», et ses stromatolites, colonies d'algues qui édifient des monticules et sont parmi les plus anciennes
formes de vie sur terre. La baie Shark abrite en outre cinq espèces de mammifères menacées.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
018503 - World Heritage Wetlands. Unesco, World Heritage Center. Madrid, Unesco, 1996. p.40-49, illus. (World
Heritage Review. 1, 1996) (same text in eng, spa). Zonas Húmedas del Patrimonio Mundial. Spa.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: wetlands; world heritage list; natural heritage; national parks.
// Everglades National Park, US (WHC 76) // Doñana National Park, Spain (WHC 685) // Danube Delta, Romania
(WHC 588) // Djoudj National Bird Sanctuary, Senegal (WHC 25) // Banc d'Arguin National Park, Mauritania (WHC
506) // Ichkeul National Park, Tunisia (WHC 8) // Sundarbans National Park, India (WHC 452) // Keoladeo National
Park, India (WHC 340) // Shark Bay, Western Australia, Australia (WHC 578)
019148 - Australia's World Heritage. Department of the Environment and Heritage - World Heritage Branch.
Canberra, Environment Australia, 1999. 77p., illus. (eng). Incl. bibl.
1992- Fraser Island / Ile Fraser (Criteria vii - ix)
Brief description
Fraser Island lies just off the east coast of Australia. At 122 km long, it is the largest sand island in the
world. Majestic remnants of tall rainforest growing on sand and half the world's perched freshwater
dune lakes are found inland from the beach. The combination of shifting sand-dunes, tropical
rainforests and lakes makes it an exceptional site.
Briève description
Au large de la côte orientale de l'Australie, l'île Fraser, longue de 122 km, est la plus grande île de
sable du monde. En arrière de la plage se trouvent des vestiges majestueux de grandes forêts
pluviales poussant sur le sable et la moitié des lacs dunaires d'eau douce perchés du monde. Sa
combinaison de dunes de sable encore en mouvement, de forêts tropicales humides et de lacs en fait
un site exceptionnel.
21
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
001129 - The Franklin River. sl, Council of Australian Museum Associations, 1983. 4 p, illus. (Muse News. 1983)
(eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; natural sites; archaeological sites; prehistoric sites; rock art; Australia.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: dams.
// Fraser Cave, Tasmania (Australia) // Franklin River, Tasmania (Australia) // Western Tasmania Wilderness National
Parks (Australia)
001130 - New evidence from Fraser Cave for glacial age man in southwest Tasmania. Kiernan, Kevin; Jones, Rhis;
Ranson, Don. sl, Macmillan Journals Ltd, 1983. p. 28-32. (Nature. 301, 5895) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; natural sites; archaeological sites; prehistoric sites; Australia.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: archaeological finds; caves; tools.
// Fraser Cave, Tasmania (Australia) // Western Tasmania Wilderness National Parks (Australia)
Incl. bibl.
1994- Australia Fossil Mammal Sites (Riversleigh/Naracoorte / Sites fossilifères
de mammifères d'Australie (Riversleigh/Naracoorte) (Criteria viii - ix)
Brief description
Riversleigh and Naracoorte, situated in the north and south respectively of eastern Australia, are
among the world's 10 greatest fossil sites. They are a superb illustration of the key stages of evolution
of Australia's unique fauna.
Briève description
Riversleigh et Naracoorte, respectivement au nord et au sud de l'Australie Méridionale, comptent
parmi les dix sites fossilifères les plus importants du monde. Ils illustrent admirablement les étapes
clés de l'évolution de la faune australienne unique.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
018543 - The history of life: fossils sites. Eder, F.W. Madrid, UNESCO, 1998. p.16-23, illus., maps. (World heritage
Review. 8, 1998) (same text in eng, fre, spa). L' histoire de la vie: gisements fossilifères. fre. La historia de la vida:
sitios fosilíferos. spa.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: prehistoric sites; human settlement sites; human remains; world heritage list; fossils; natural
heritage.
// Australian Fossil Mammal Sites (Riversleigh / Naracoorte), Australia (WHC 698) // Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks,
Canada (WHC 304) // Dinosaur Provincial Park, Canada (WHC 71) // Messel Pit, Germany (WHC 720) // Grand
Canyon National Park, USA (WHC 75) // Mammoth Cave National Park, USA (WHC 150)
22
Incl. bibl.
1997- Heard and McDonald Islands / Les îles Heard et McDonald (Criteria viii- ix)
Brief description
Heard Island and McDonald Islands are located in the Southern Ocean, approximately 1,700 km from
the Antarctic continent and 4,100 km south-west of Perth. As the only volcanically active subantarctic
islands they 'open a window into the earth', thus providing the opportunity to observe ongoing
geomorphic processes and glacial dynamics. The distinctive conservation value of Heard and
McDonald Ŕ one of the world's rare pristine island ecosystems Ŕ lies in the complete absence of alien
plants and animals, as well as human impact.
Briève description
Les îles Heard et McDonald sont situées dans l'océan Austral, à environ 1 700 km du continent
antarctique et à 4 100 km au sud-ouest de Perth. En tant que seules îles volcaniques subantarctiques
en activité, elles constituent une véritable « fenêtre sur les profondeurs de la Terre » et offrent des
possibilités d'observer des processus géomorphiques en cours ainsi que la dynamique des glaces.
Comptant parmi les rares écosystèmes insulaires vierges du monde, les îles Heard et McDonald
présentent une valeur particulière pour la conservation, du fait de l'absence totale de plantes et
d'animaux exotiques comme d'impact humain.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
Incl. bibl.
1997- Macquarie Island / Ile Macquarie (Criteria vii - viii)
23
Brief description
Macquarie Island (34 km long x 5 km wide) is an oceanic island in the Southern Ocean, lying 1,500 km
south-east of Tasmania and approximately halfway between Australia and the Antarctic continent. The
island is the exposed crest of the undersea Macquarie Ridge, raised to its present position where the
Indo-Australian tectonic plate meets the Pacific plate. It is a site of major geoconservation significance,
being the only place on earth where rocks from the earth's mantle (6 km below the ocean floor) are
being actively exposed above sea-level. These unique exposures include excellent examples of pillow
basalts and other extrusive rocks.
Briève description
Cette île de 34 km de long sur 5 km de large est située dans l'océan Austral, à 1 500 km au sud-est de
la Tasmanie et à peu près à mi-chemin entre l'Australie et le continent antarctique. L'île constitue la
partie exposée de l'arête sous-marine Macquarie, soulevée en cet endroit où la plaque tectonique
indo-australienne rencontre celle du Pacifique. Il s'agit d'un site dont la conservation géologique
présente une importance majeure car c'est le seul endroit de la planète où des roches en provenance
du manteau terrestre (6 km au-dessous du fond de l'océan) sont exposées de façon active au-dessus
du niveau de la mer. On trouve parmi ces roches uniques de remarquables exemples de basalte en
coussin et d'autres roches extrusives.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
Incl. bibl.
2000- Greater Blue Mountains Area / Région des montagnes bleues
(Criteria ix - x)
Brief description
The Greater Blue Mountains Area consists of 1.03 million ha of sandstone plateaux, escarpments and
gorges dominated by temperate eucalypt forest. The site, comprised of eight protected areas, is noted
for its representation of the evolutionary adaptation and diversification of the eucalypts in postGondwana isolation on the Australian continent. Ninety-one eucalypt taxa occur within the Greater
Blue Mountains Area which is also outstanding for its exceptional expression of the structural and
ecological diversity of the eucalypts associated with its wide range of habitats. The site provides
significant representation of Australia's biodiversity with ten percent of the vascular flora as well as
significant numbers of rare or threatened species, including endemic and evolutionary relict species,
such as the Wollemi pine, which have persisted in highly-restricted microsites.
Briève description
La région des montagnes Bleues couvre 1,03 million d'hectares formés de plateaux calcaires, de
gorges et d'escarpements dominés par des forêts d'eucalyptus de zone tempérée. Le site, qui
comprend huit aires protégées, se distingue par sa représentation de l'adaptation et de la
24
diversification évolutionnaires des eucalyptus sur le continent australien dans l'isolement postGondwana. La région des montagnes Bleues qui compte 91 taxons d'eucalyptus, est aussi
remarquable par l'exceptionnelle diversité structurelle et écologique de ses eucalyptus associée à un
large éventail d'habitats. Le site offre une bonne illustration de la diversité biologique de l'Australie
avec 10 % de sa flore vasculaire et un grand nombre d'espèces rares ou menacées, y compris des
espèces endémiques et reliques, comme le pin Wollemi (wollemia noblis), qui subsistent dans des
microsites extrêmement restreints.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
033032 - Petroglyphs of Meenamatta, the Blue Tier mountains, Tasmania. Bednarik, Robert G.; Andrews, Gloria;
Cameron, Stephen; Bednarik, Elfriede. Caulfield South, AURA, 2007. p. 161-170, illus. (Rock Art research. 24, 2)
(eng). Ind.abstract and bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: rock art; petroglyphs; Australia.
// Meenamatta, the blue tier mountains,Tasmania, Australia
033039 - Toward gathering data: a suggested pro forma for the monitoring of damage to rock art sites in the Sidney
and Blue Mountains regions Lewis, Barry. Caulfield South, AURA, 2007. p. 253-255, illus. (Rock Art research. 24, 2)
(eng). Incl. abstract and bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: rock art; protection of cultural heritage; damage; vandalism; prevention of damage; risk
preparedness; Australia.
// Sydney and Blue Mountains regions, Australia
2003- Purnululu National Park / Parc national Purnululu (Criteria vii - viii)
Brief description
The 239,723 ha Purnululu National Park is located in the State of Western Australia. It contains the
deeply dissected Bungle Bungle Range composed of Devonian-age quartz sandstone eroded over a
period of 20 million years into a series of beehive-shaped towers or cones, whose steeply sloping
surfaces are distinctly marked by regular horizontal bands of dark-grey cyanobacterial crust (singlecelled photosynthetic organisms). These outstanding examples of cone karst owe their existence and
uniqueness to several interacting geological, biological, erosional and climatic phenomena.
Briève description
Le Parc national de Purnululu (239 723 ha), situé dans l‟État d‟Australie occidentale, contient le massif
très découpé des Bungle Bungle, composé de grès quartzique du dévonien érodé pendant 20 millions
d‟années. Il en reste un ensemble de tourelles et de cônes en forme de ruches aux flancs abrupts, à
la surface striée de bandes horizontales de croûte gris foncé de cyanobactéries (organismes
photosynthétiques unicellulaires). Ces exemples exceptionnels de karst à cônes de grès doivent leur
existence et leur caractère unique à l‟interaction de plusieurs phénomènes géologiques, biologiques,
climatiques et de l‟érosion.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
027060 - Outstanding universal values in cultural landscapes. Denyer, Susan. Copenhagen, Nordisk Ministerrad,
2005. p. 41-47, maps. In: "Verdensarv i Norden 2004 : Oppfolging av UNESCO's konvensjon for vern av verdens
kultur og naturarv, Vega 30-31 august 2004" (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world cultural heritage; cultural landscapes; criteria; world heritage list.
25
// Mapungubwe, South Africa (WHC 1099) // Quebrada de Humahuaca, Argentina (WHC 1116) // Purnululu, Australia
(WHC 1094) // Orkhon Valley, Mongolia (WHC 1081rev) // Pingvellir, Iceland (WHC 1152) // Val d'Orcia, Italy (WHC
1026rev) // The land of the Batammariba, Togo (WHC 1140) // Madriu-claror-Perafita valley, Andorra (WHC 1160) //
Pico island, Azores, Portugal (WHC 1117rev) // The Lake District, UK
027821 - Purnululu National Park. Australian Government Department of the Environment and Heritage; Western
Australian Department of Conservation and Land Management. Paris, UNESCO, 2005. p. 24-35, illus. (World
Heritage Review. 41) (same text in eng, fre, spa). Parc National de Purnululu. fre. Parque Nacional de Purnululu. spa.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: national parks; world heritage list; biology; sandstone; cultural landscapes; Australia.
// Purnululu National Park, Australia (WHC 1094)
2004 - Royal Exhibition Building and Carlton Gardens / Palais royal des
expositions et jardins Carlton (Criterion ii)
Brief description
The Royal Exhibition Building and its surrounding Carlton Gardens were designed for the great
international exhibitions of 1880 and 1888 in Melbourne. The building and grounds were designed by
Joseph Reed. The building is constructed of brick and timber, steel and slate. It combines elements
from the Byzantine, Romanesque, Lombardic and Italian Renaissance styles. The property is typical of
the international exhibition movement which saw over 50 exhibitions staged between 1851 and 1915
in venues including Paris, New York, Vienna, Calcutta, Kingston (Jamaica) and Santiago (Chile). All
shared a common theme and aims: to chart material and moral progress through displays of industry
from all nations.
Briève description
Le Palais royal des expositions et les jardins Carlton qui l‟entourent ont été conçus pour les grandes
expositions internationales de 1880 et 1888 à Melbourne. Le bâtiment et le terrain ont été dessinés
par Joseph Reed. Le bâtiment, construit en brique, bois, acier et ardoise, amalgame des traits
byzantins, romans, lombards et de la Renaissance italienne. Cet ensemble est représentatif du
mouvement des expositions internationales. Entre 1851 et 1915, plus de 50 d‟entre elles furent
organisées dans des villes comme Paris, New York, Vienne, Calcutta, Kingston (Jamaïque) et
Santiago du Chili, sur la base d‟un principe et d‟un objectif commun : dresser un état des lieux du
progrès en exposant les réalisations de tous les pays.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
024453 - Palais royal des expositions et jardins Carlton. 12 slides: col. (eng). From WHC 1131 listed in 2004.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; modern architecture; 19th; historic monuments; gardens; Australia.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: slides. // Royal Exhibition building and Carlton gardens, Australia (WHC 1131)
CALL NO: AU.CAR.05.1-12 (WHC 1131).
025106 - Carlton gardens master plan. Draft master plan. City of Melbourne. Melbourne, City of Melbourne, 2004.
25p., illus., plans. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; management plans; historic gardens; town planning; garden lay out;
conservation of historic gardens; Australia.
// Royal exhibition building and Carlton gardens, Australian (WHC 1131)
ACCESSION NO: WHC 1131 (1).
26
2007- Sydney Opera House / Opéra de Sydney (Criterion i)
Brief Description
Inaugurated in 1973, the Sydney Opera House is a great architectural work of the 20th century that
brings together multiple strands of creativity and innovation in both architectural form and structural
design. A great urban sculpture set in a remarkable waterscape, at the tip of a peninsula projecting
into Sydney Harbour, the building has had an enduring influence on architecture. The Sydney Opera
House comprises three groups of interlocking vaulted „shells‟ which roof two main performance halls
and a restaurant. These shell-structures are set upon a vast platform and are surrounded by terrace
areas that function as pedestrian concourses. In 1957, when the project of the Sydney Opera House
was awarded by an international jury to Danish architect Jørn Utzon, it marked a radically new
approach to construction.
Outstanding Universal Value
The Sydney Opera House constitutes a masterpiece of 20th century architecture. Its significance is
based on its unparalleled design and construction; its exceptional engineering achievements and
technological innovation and its position as a world-famous icon of architecture. It is a daring and
visionary experiment that has had an enduring influence on the emergent architecture of the late 20th
century. Utzon's original design concept and his unique approach to building gave impetus to a
collective creativity of architects, engineers and builders. Ove Arup's engineering achievements
helped make Utzon's vision a reality. The design represents an extraordinary interpretation and
response to the setting in Sydney Harbour. The Sydney Opera House is also of outstanding universal
value for its achievements in structural engineering and building technology. The building is a great
artistic monument and an icon, accessible to society at large.
Criterion (i): The Sydney Opera House is a great architectural work of the 20th century. It represents
multiple strands of creativity, both in architectural form and structural design, a great urban sculpture
carefully set in a remarkable waterscape and a world famous iconic building.
All elements necessary to express the values of the Sydney Opera House are included within the
boundaries of the nominated area and buffer zone. This ensures the complete representation of its
significance as an architectural object of great beauty in its waterscape setting. The Sydney Opera
House continues to perform its function as a world-class performing arts centre. The Conservation
Plan specifies the need to balance the roles of the building as an architectural monument and as a
state of the art performing centre, thus retaining its authenticity of use and function. Attention given to
retaining the building's authenticity culminated with the Conservation Plan and the Utzon Design
Principles.
The Sydney Opera House was included in the National Heritage List in 2005 under the Environment
Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and on the State Heritage Register of New South
Wales in 2003 under the Heritage Act 1977. Listing in the National Heritage List implies that any
proposed action to be taken inside or outside the boundaries of a National Heritage place or a World
Heritage property that may have a significant impact on the heritage values is prohibited without the
approval of the Minister for the Environment and Heritage. A buffer zone has been established.
The present state of conservation is very good. The property is maintained and preserved through
regular and rigorous repair and conservation programmes. The management system of the Sydney
Opera House takes into account a wide range of measures provided under planning and heritage
legislation and policies of both the Australian Government and the New South Wales Government.
The Management Plan for the Sydney Opera House, the Conservation Plan and the Utzon Design
Principles together provide the policy framework for the conservation and management of the Sydney
Opera House.
Brève description
Inauguré en 1973, l‟Opéra de Sydney fait partie des œuvres architecturales majeures du XXe siècle. Il
associe divers courants innovants tant du point de vue de la forme architecturale que de la conception
27
structurelle. Sculpture urbaine magnifique soigneusement intégrée dans un remarquable paysage
côtier, à la pointe d‟une péninsule qui s‟avance dans le port de Sydney, cet édifice exerce depuis sa
construction une grande influence sur le monde de l‟architecture. L‟Opéra de Sydney se compose de
trois groupes de « coquilles » voûtées et entrelacées qui abritent les deux principaux lieux de
représentation et un restaurant. Les « coquilles » disposées sur une vaste plate-forme sont entourées
de terrasses qui font office de promenades piétonnes. En 1957, la décision prise par un jury
international de confier la réalisation de l‟Opéra de Sydney à l‟architecte danois Jørn Utzon, a
symbolisé la volonté d‟adopter une démarche radicalement nouvelle en matière de construction.
Valeur universelle exceptionnelle
L'Opéra de Sydney constitue un chef-d'œuvre de l'architecture du XXe siècle. Son importance repose
sur sa conception et sa construction sans équivalent, ses exceptionnelles réussites sur le plan de
l'ingénierie et de l'innovation technologique et son statut d'icône mondiale de l'architecture. C'est une
expérience audacieuse et visionnaire qui a eu une influence durable sur l'architecture émergente de la
fin du XXe siècle et au-delà. Le concept architectural original de Jørn Utzon et son approche unique
de l'édifice ont donné l'impulsion à un collectif créateur composé d'architectes, d'ingénieurs et de
constructeurs. Les réalisations en matière d'ingénierie d'Ove Arup ont aidé à traduire la vision d'Utzon
en réalité. La conception représente une interprétation et une réponse extraordinaires au décor du
port de Sydney. L'Opéra de Sydney est d'une valeur universelle exceptionnelle pour ses réussites en
matière d'ingénierie structurelle et de technologie de la construction. Le bâtiment est un grand
monument artistique et une icône, accessible à la société dans son ensemble.
Critère (i) : L'Opéra de Sydney est une œuvre architecturale majeure du XXe siècle. Il représente
plusieurs souches créatrices en termes de forme architecturale et de conception structurelle, une
magnifique sculpture urbaine soigneusement intégrée dans un remarquable paysage côtier et un
édifice à valeur d'icône de renommée mondiale.
Tous les éléments nécessaires à l'expression des valeurs de l'Opéra de Sydney sont inclus dans les
délimitations de la zone proposée pour inscription et celles de la zone tampon. Ceci assure la totale
expression de son importance en tant qu'objet architectural d'une grande beauté dans un panorama
côtier. L'Opéra de Sydney continue de remplir ses fonctions de centre des arts de la scène de
renommée mondiale. Le plan de conservation stipule la nécessité d'équilibrer les rôles du bâtiment en
tant que monument architectural et en tant que centre des arts de la scène, afin de conserver son
authenticité d'utilisation et de fonction. L'attention portée au maintien de l'authenticité de l'édifice a
culminé avec le plan de conservation et les principes de conception d'Utzon.
L'Opéra de Sydney a été inclus dans la Liste du patrimoine national le 12 juillet 2005 en vertu du
Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 et au Registre du patrimoine d'État de
la Nouvelle-Galles du Sud le 3 décembre 2003 en vertu du Heritage Act 1977. L'inscription sur la Liste
du patrimoine national implique que toute action envisagée à l'intérieur ou à l'extérieur d'un site du
patrimoine national ou du patrimoine mondial susceptible d'avoir un impact non négligeable sur les
valeurs du patrimoine sont interdites sans l'autorisation du ministre de l'Environnement et du
Patrimoine. Une zone tampon a été définie.
L'état actuel de conservation est très bon. Le bien est entretenu et préservé au moyen de
programmes réguliers et rigoureux de réparation et de conservation. Le système de gestion de l'Opéra
de Sydney tient compte d'un large éventail de mesures fournies par la législation sur le patrimoine et
l'urbanisme du gouvernement australien et du gouvernement de Nouvelle-Galles du Sud. Le Plan de
gestion pour l'Opéra de Sydney, le plan de conservation et les principes de conception d'Utzon
dessinent le cadre de politique générale en matière de conservation et de gestion de l'Opéra de
Sydney.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
003440 - The Sydney Opera House and its surroundings, Sydney, Australia. [s.l.], [s.n.], [s.d.]. 13 slides: col.+ 2 p.
typescript. (eng). From dossier WHC 166 (deferred). Accompanying material: narrative legends. Some duplicates; 10
unique views. Density: varies.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: opera houses; cultural centres; historic monuments and sites; public and civic architecture;
bridges; ports; forts; interior spaces; organs; boats; Australia.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: aerial photography; general views.
// Sydney Opera House, Sydney (Australia) // Sydney Harbour Bridge, Sydney (Australia) // Fort Denison, Sydney
(Australia) // Sydney Harbour, Sydney (Australia)
CALL NO: AU.SYD.01:1-13 (WHC 166). (restricted).
28
011804 - The Historic Environment, The National Estate. Australian Heritage Commission(= AHC). Canberra,
Australian Heritage Government, 1990. p. 1-8, illus. (Heritage News. 13,1) (eng). Supplement to Heritage News, in,
"Education Notes", n6 ; incl. Bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: architectural heritage; historic sites; natural heritage; conservation of cultural heritage; listing
of historic monuments; criteria; national level; Australia.
// Masonic Hall, Cue (Australia) // Glendalough, Rosewood (Australia) // Sydney Opera House (Australia) //
Ravenswood Township, Queensland (Australia) // Stirling Gardens, Perth (Australia) // Lal Lal Blast Furnace
(Australia) // Low Head Lighthouse (Australia)
ACCESSION NO: k-93. ISSN: 06 4411 648 x.
014699 - 20th century heritage in the context of the World Heritage Convention. Durighello, Regina. Paris, ICOMOS,
1995. p. 26-28. In: "Seminario sobre la conservación del patrimonio del siglo XIX, Mexico 1996: Memorias" (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world cultural heritage; world heritage list; world heritage convention; cultural policy;
architectural heritage; modern architecture; 20th; criteria; recommendations; authenticity; inventories.
// Auschwitz Concentration Camp, Poland (WHC 31) // Parque Güell, Palacio Guëll, Case Mila, Barcelona, Spain //
Brasilia, Brazil // Skogskyrkogarden, Sweden // Taliesin and Taliesin West, USA // The Wright Brothers National
Monument, USA // Sydney Opera House, Australia
ACCESSION NO: 13234. CALL NO: MO. 016.
017154 - Fibro House: Opera house - Conserving Mid-Twentieth Century Heritage. Sydney, 1999. Burke, Sheridan,
ed. Sydney, Historic Houses Trust of New South Wales, 2000. 245 p., illus. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: architectural revivals; architectural heritage; 20th; conservation of architecture; urban
development; Australia.
// The Sydney Opera House, Sydney, Australia
020598 - Modern heritage issues at the National Gallery of Australia and the Sydney Opera House. Buchanan,
Barbara. Adelaide, The University of Adelaide, Australia ICOMOS, 2002. p. 100-108. In: "20th Century heritage. Our
Recent cultural legacy" (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: 20th; modern architecture; landscape architecture; Australia.
// National Gallery, Camberra, Australia // Opera House, Sydney, Australia
ACCESSION NO: 14370. CALL NO: MO. 013. ISBN: 0-9581987-1-3.
022800 - Sidney Opera House. Utzon design principles. NSW Heritage Office. Sydney, NSW Heritage Office, 2002.
91 p., illus. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: opera houses; modern architecture; 20th; Australia.
// Utzon, Jorn // Opera House, Sydney, Australia
022801 - Sidney Opera House. A revised plan for the conservation of the Sydney Opera House and its site. Semple
Kerr, James. Sydney, Sydney Opera House Trust, 2003. 105 p., illus. (eng). Third edition.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: opera houses; conservation plans; modern architecture; 20th; Australia.
// Opera House, Sydney, Australia
031615 - Sydney Opera House. A revised plan for the conservation of the Sydney Opera house and its site. Semple
Kerr, James. s.l., New South Walles Government, 2003. 105 p., illus. (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: Australia; world heritage list; modern architecture.
// Sydney Opera House, Australia
ACCESSION NO: WHC 166 rev. CALL NO: 15395.
031616 - New South Walles Heritage Act 1977 No 136. Reprint No. 7 As in force at 18 December 2001. includes all
amendment up to Act 2001 No 112 . New South Walles Government (ed.). Sydney, New South Walles Government,
2001. 99 p. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: Australia; world heritage list; modern architecture; legislation; national legislation; heritage.
031617 - Environment protection and biodiversity conservation act 1999. Office of Legislative Drafting, AttorneyGeneral's Department, Camberra (ed.). Camberra, Commonwealth of Australia, 2003. 733 p. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: Australia; world heritage list; modern architecture; legislation; national legislation; heritage.
ACCESSION NO: WHC 166 rev. CALL NO: 15397. ISBN: 1920838244.
031618 - Sydney Harbour Catchment. Sydney Regional Environment Plan, 2005. NSW Government Department of
Planning (ed.). Sydney, NSW Government, 2005. 73 p., maps. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: Australia; world heritage list; modern architecture; environment; environmental planning.
ACCESSION NO: WHC 166 rev. CALL NO: 15398. ISBN: 0734756232.
031619 - Sydney Opera house. Utzon design principles. NSW Government (ed.). s.l., NSW Government, 2005. 90 p.,
illus. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: Australia; world heritage list; modern architecture; design.
29
2010 - Australian convict sites / Sites des bagnes australiens (Criteria iv - vi)
Brief description
The property includes a selection of eleven penal sites, among the thousands established by the
th
th
British Empire on Australian soil in the 18 and 19 centuries. The sites are spread across Australia,
from Fremantle in Western Australia to Kingston and Arthur's Vale on Norfolk Island in the east; and
from areas around Sydney in New South Wales in the north, to sites located in Tasmania in the south.
Around 166,000 men, women and children were sent to Australia over 80 years between 1787 and
1868, condemned by British justice to transportation to the convict colonies. Each of the sites had a
specific purpose, in terms both of punitive imprisonment and of rehabilitation through forced labour to
help build the colony. The Australian Convict Sites presents the best surviving examples of large-scale
convict transportation and the colonial expansion of European powers through the presence and
labour of convicts.
Outstanding universal values
The property consists of eleven complementary sites. It constitutes an outstanding and large-scale
example of the forced migration of convicts, who were condemned to transportation to distant colonies
of the British Empire; the same method was also used by other colonial states.
The sites illustrate the different types of convict settlement organized to serve the colonial
development project by means of buildings, ports, infrastructure, the extraction of resources, etc. They
illustrate the living conditions of the convicts, who were condemned to transportation far from their
homes, deprived of freedom, and subjected to forced labour.
This transportation and associated forced labour was implemented on a large scale, both for criminals
and for people convicted for relatively minor offences, as well as for expressing certain opinions or
being political opponents. The penalty of transportation to Australia also applied to women and
children from the age of nine. The convict stations are testimony to a legal form of punishment that
dominated in the 18th and 19th centuries in the large European colonial states, at the same time as
and after the abolition of slavery.
The property shows the various forms that the convict settlements took, closely reflecting the
discussions and beliefs about the punishment of crime in 18th and 19th century Europe, both in terms
of its exemplarity and the harshness of the punishment used as a deterrent, and of the aim of social
rehabilitation through labour and discipline. They influenced the emergence of a penal model in
Europe and America.
Within the colonial system established in Australia, the convict settlements simultaneously led to the
Aboriginal population being forced back into the less fertile hinterland, and to the creation of a
significant source of population of European origin.
Justification for inscription
Criterion (iv): The Australian convict sites constitute an outstanding example of the way in which
conventional forced labour and national prison systems were transformed, in major European nations
in the 18th and 19th centuries, into a system of deportation and forced labour forming part of the
British Empire‟s vast colonial project. They illustrate the variety of the creation of penal colonies to
serve the many material needs created by the development of a new territory. They bear witness to a
penitentiary system which had many objectives, ranging from severe punishment used as a deterrent
to forced labour for men, women and children, and the rehabilitation of the convicts through labour and
discipline.
30
Criterion (vi): The transportation of criminals, delinquents, and political prisoners to colonial lands by
the great nation states between the 18th and 20th centuries is an important aspect of human history,
especially with regard to its penal, political and colonial dimensions. The Australian convict settlements
provide a particularly complete example of this history and the associated symbolic values derived
from discussions in modern and contemporary European society. They illustrate an active phase in the
occupation of colonial lands to the detriment of the Aboriginal peoples, and the process of creating a
colonial population of European origin through the dialectic of punishment and transportation followed
by forced labour and social rehabilitation to the eventual social integration of convicts as settlers.
Brève description
Le bien comprend une sélection de onze sites pénitentiaires, parmi les milliers établis par l'Empire
e
britannique sur le sol australien aux XVIIIe et XIX siècles. Les sites sont disséminés à travers le pays,
de Fremantle en Australie occidentale, à Kingston et Arthur's Vale sur l'île de Norfolk, à l'est ; et des
environs de Sidney, en Nouvelle-Galles du Sud, au nord, jusqu'aux sites de Tasmanie, au sud. Près
de 166 000 hommes, femmes et enfants furent envoyés en Australie pendant plus de 80 ans, entre
1787 et 1868, condamnés par la justice britannique à la déportation dans les colonies pénitentiaires.
Chacun des sites avait une vocation propre, qu'il s'agisse d'enfermement punitif ou de rééducation par
le travail forcé au service du projet colonial. Le bien présente les meilleurs exemples survivants de la
déportation à grande échelle de condamnés et de l'expansion colonisatrice des puissances
européennes par la présence et le travail des bagnards.
Le bien est formé de onze sites complémentaires. Il apporte un exemple éminent et à grande échelle
de la migration forcée de condamnés, par leur envoi au bagne dans les colonies lointaines de l‟Empire
britannique ; une pratique partagée par d‟autres Etats coloniaux.
Les sites illustrent les différents types de bagnes organisés au service du projet de développement
colonial, pour la construction, les ports, les infrastructures, l‟exploitation des ressources, etc. Ils
illustrent les conditions de vie des bagnards, des condamnés déportés loin de chez eux, privés de
liberté et soumis au travail forcé.
Cette déportation et les travaux forcés qui lui étaient associés s‟appliquèrent en masse, tant à des
criminels qu‟à des condamnés pour des peines relativement mineures, mais aussi pour des délits
d‟opinion et des opposants politiques. La peine du bagne en Australie s‟appliquait également aux
femmes et aux enfants à partir de 9 ans. Les bagnes témoignent d‟un modèle de punition légale qui
e
e
fut dominant aux XVIII et XIX siècles dans les grands Etats coloniaux européens, parallèlement et à
la suite de l‟esclavage.
Le bien montre les diverses formes prises par la colonie pénitentiaire, en relations étroites avec les
débats et les croyances sur la punition du crime aux XVIIIe et XIXe siècles en Europe, tant par
l‟exemplarité et la dureté de la peine à des fins dissuasives que par le projet de réformation sociale
par le travail et la discipline. Ils influencèrent l‟émergence d‟un modèle pénitentiaire en Europe et en
Amérique.
Au sein du système colonial établi en Australie, le bagne participa simultanément au rejet des
populations aborigènes vers l‟intérieur des terres, moins fertiles, et à la création d‟une racine
importante du peuplement de souche européenne.
Justificatifion d’inscription
Critère (iv) : Les sites de bagnes australiens apportent un exemple éminent de la transformation du
bagne classique et des systèmes pénitenciers nationaux, au sein des grands Etats européens des
e
e
XVIII et XIX siècles, en un système de déportation et de travail forcé au sein du vaste projet colonial
de l‟Empire britannique. Ils illustrent la variété de la création de colonies pénitentiaires au service des
besoins matériels multiples de l‟aménagement d‟un territoire nouveau. Ils témoignent d‟un système
carcéral poursuivant de nombreux objectifs allant de la punition sévère et dissuasive aux travaux
forcés pour les hommes, les femmes comme les enfants, ainsi que de la réformation des condamnés
par le travail et la discipline.
Critère (vi) : La déportation de criminels, de délinquants et de condamnés politiques vers les
e
e
territoires coloniaux, par les grands Etats-nations entre le XVIII et le XX siècle, forme une importante
expérience de l‟histoire humaine, notamment par ses dimensions pénales, politiques et coloniales. Les
bagnes australiens présentent un exemple particulièrement complet des termes de cette histoire et
des valeurs symboliques qui lui sont associées, en lien avec les débats de la société moderne et
31
contemporaine en Europe. Ils illustrent une phase active de l‟occupation du territoire colonial au
détriment des Aborigènes, et le processus de création d‟une population coloniale de souche
européenne par la dialectique de la punition et de la déportation suivie par celle du travail forcé et de
la réformation sociale sous la forme de l‟insertion sociale en tant que colon.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
011810 - Fremantle Maps Bibliography; a bibliography of maps of Fremantle Western Australia 1829-c.1950. Cramer,
Debly. Fremantle Western Australia, The city of Fremantle, 1989. 149 p. (eng). references to material held by 13
institutions; 500 maps and plans listed.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: bibliographies; historic towns; Australia; 19th; 20th.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: information sources; maps; plans; accession lists.
// Fremantle (Australia)
016523 - 'Intangible values' as heritage in Australia. Truscott, Marilyn. Paris, ICOMOS, 2000. p. 4-11. (ICOMOS
News/Nouvelles de l'ICOMOS. 10, N°1) (same text in fre, eng). "Valeurs immatérielles": patrimoine d'Australie. fre.
Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: intangible heritage; cultural heritage; aboriginal cultures; sacred places; cultural significance;
Australia.
// Australia ICOMOS // Uluru Kata-Tjuta, Australia (WHC 447 rev) // The Burra Charter
018444 - Principles and practice of site protection laws in Australia. Ritchie, David. London; New York, Routledge,
1994. p. 227-244, illus. (eng). In : "Sacred sites, sacred places" ; Incl.bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: intangible heritage; aboriginal sites; sacred places; legal protection; legislation; Australia.
019148 - Australia's World Heritage. Department of the Environment and Heritage - World Heritage Branch. Canberra,
Environment Australia, 1999. 77p., illus. (eng). Incl. bibl.
020652 - Ithaka is but a Short Journey: Exploring the essence of cultural landscapes in Australia. Ioannou, Noris.
Adelaide, The University of Adelaide, Australia ICOMOS, 2002. p. 485-491, illus. In: "20th Century heritage. Our
Recent cultural legacy" (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: 20th; landscapes; Australia; vernacular architecture.
// Barrosa, Australia
ACCESSION NO: 14370. CALL NO: MO. 013. ISBN: 0-9581987-1-3.
021669 - The archaeology of "lost places": ruin, memory and the heritage of the Aboriginal diaspora in Australia.
Harrison, Rodney. Burwood, Australia ICOMOS, 2003. p. 18-23, illus. (Historic Environment. 17, 1) (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: memorials; pilgrimage; archaeological finds; aboriginal cultures; Australia.
// Dennawan, Australia
021895 - Migrant heritage places in Australia. Armstrong, Helen. Kingston, Australia ICOMOS, 1997. p. 12-23, illus.
(Historic Environment. 13, 2) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: population migration; cultural diversity; Australia.
023595 - Sharing the mountains: joint management of Australia's alpine region with aboriginal people. Baird, Warwick;
Egloff, Brian; Lenehan, Rachel. Australia, ICOMOS, 2003. p. 32-35. (Historic Environment. 17,2) (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: aboriginal sites; aboriginal cultures; mountains; Australia.
// Biamanga National Park, Australia // Gulaga National Park, Australia
026611 - Time, memory, place and land: social meaning and heritage conservation in Australia. Clarke, Annie;
Johnston, Chris. [Paris], [ICOMOS], [2005]. p.253-258. In: "ICOMOS Scientific Symposium: Place-memory-meaning:
preserving intangible values in monuments and sites" (eng). Incl. bibl. and abstract.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: conservation of cultural heritage; social aspects; intangible heritage; Australia.
ACCESSION NO: 14852. URL: http://www.international.icomos.org/victoriafalls2003/papers/B3-7 - Johnston.pdf.
32
031182 - Heritage economics: challenges for heritage conservation and sustainable development in the 21st Century.
Canberra, 4 July 2000. Indigenous heritage tourism and its economic value in Australia. Zeppel, Heather. Canberra,
Australian Heritage Commision, 2001. p. 109-119. In: "Heritage economics: challenges for heritage conservation and
sustainable development in the 21st Century: Conference proceedings 2000" (eng). Incl. bibl. and abstract.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: cultural tourism; aboriginal cultures; aboriginal sites; economic aspects; Australia.
ACCESSION NO: 15247. ISSN: 0-642-547-408.
031897 - The interpretation of surface stone artefact assemblage composition from eroded contexts in arid western
New South Wales, Australia. Shiner, Justin. Melbourne, ICOMOS Australia, 2007. 9 p. In: "ICOMOS 2007 Extreme
Heritage: Conference handbook" (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: cultural heritage; local communities; archaeology; deserts; Australia.
036982 - Australian Convicts Sites: Strategic management framework. Canberra, Australian Government,
Departement of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, 2008. 24 p., illus. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: prisons; public and civic architecture; historic sites; world heritage sites; world heritage list;
management of cultural heritage; management plans; legislation; cultural administrations; australia.
// Australian Convict Sites (WHC 1306)
2011- Ningaloo Coast / Côte de Ningaloo (Criteria vii - x)
Brief description
The 604,500 hectare marine and terrestrial property of Ningaloo Coast, on the remote western coast
of Australia, includes one of the longest near-shore reefs in the world. On land the site features an
extensive karst system and network of underground caves and water courses. Annual gatherings of
whale sharks occur at Ningaloo Coast, which is home to numerous marine species, among them a
wealth of sea turtles. The terrestrial part of the site features subterranean water bodies with a
substantial network of caves, conduits, and groundwater streams. They support a variety of rare
species that contribute to the exceptional biodiversity of the marine and terrestrial site
Brève description
D'une superficie de 604 500 hectares avec des caractéristiques marines et terrestres, la Côte de
Ningaloo, située sur le littoral reculé d'Australie occidentale, comprend un des plus longs récifs de
bordure de rivage du monde. Sur terre, l'endroit propose un système karstique calcaire et un réseau
de grottes et de cours d'eau souterrains. La Côte de Ningaloo voit se dérouler tous les ans des
rassemblements de requins-baleines et elle héberge de nombreuses espèces marines, dont une
grande diversité de tortues marines. La partie terrestre du site abrite des masses d'eaux souterraines
dans un réseau de grottes, de conduits et de cours d'eau. On y trouve toute une variété d'espèces
rares qui contribuent à l'exceptionnelle biodiversité de ce site marin et terrestre.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
33
Bangladesh
1985- Historic Mosque City of Bagerhat / Ville mosquée historique de Bagerhat
(Criteria iv)
Brief description
Situated in the suburbs of Bagerhat, at the meeting-point of the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers, this
ancient city, formerly known as Khalifatabad, was founded by the Turkish general Ulugh Khan Jahan
in the 15th century. The city's infrastructure reveals considerable technical skill and an exceptional
number of mosques and early Islamic monuments, many built of brick, can be seen there.
Briève description
Au cœur des faubourgs de Bagerhat, au confluent du Gange et du Brahmapoutre, la ville ancienne,
e
autrefois appelée Khalifatabad, fut fondée au XV siècle par le général turc Ulugh Khan Jahan. Cette
cité, dont les infrastructures attestent d'une grande maîtrise technique, regroupe un nombre
exceptionnel de mosquées et de monuments anciens islamiques, dont beaucoup sont construits en
brique.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
005123 - Protecting Bangladesh's city of mosques'. Rahman, Urmi. Paris, Unesco, 1984. p. 7-12, illus. (Informations
Unesco. 806) (same text in fre). La"Ville des mosquées" du Bangladesh sera protége. fre.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: islamic architecture; mosques; mausolea; deterioration; dampness; salts; efflorescences;
Bangladesh.
// Bagerhat (Bangladesh) // Shait Gumbad mosque (Bangladesh) // Khan Jahan mausoleum (Bangladesh)
ACCESSION NO: K-149. 006045 - Appel du Directeur général pour la sauvegarde de deux sites au Bangladesh.
Paris, Unesco, 1985. p. 1-3. (Les Nouvelles de l'Unesco/Unesco News. 157) (same text in eng, fre). DirectorGeneral's appeal for the safeguarding of two sites in Bangladesh. eng.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: international campaigns; conservation of historic sites; Bangladesh.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: fund raising; buddhist architecture; hindu architecture; deterioration.
// Paharpur (Bangladesh) // Bagerhat (Bangladesh)
006920 - La Ville des mosquées sera protégée. Rahman, Urmi. Dijon, Archéologia, 1985. p. 7-10, illus. (Archéologia.
206) (fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: management of archaeological sites; historic towns; islamic architecture; mosques;
Bangladesh.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: deterioration; international campaigns; world heritage list.
// Bagerhat (Bangladesh)
007050 - The Conservation and preservation of the ruins of the Buddhist Vihara at Paharpur and the historic MosqueCity of Bagerhat. Sanday, John; Frost, Alan; Smyth, John; Van Lohuizen de Leeuw, Joan; Antonio, Roberto. Paris,
Unesco, 1983. 176 p, illus., plans. (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: management of archaeological sites; buddhist architecture; islamic architecture;
Bangladesh; master plans.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: reinforcement; conservation of historic monuments; protection of environment; technical
assistance; training; diagnosis; tourist facilities; costing; recommendations; world heritage list.
// Vihara, Paharpur (Bangladesh) // Bagerhat (Bangladesh)
ACCESSION NO: 7677. CALL NO: Arch. 95. DOC CODE: FMR/CLT/CH/83/258(UNDP). (restricted).
009026 - International campaigns. Paris, Unesco, 1985. p. 2-8, illus. (Panorama. 3) (engalso in fre). Campagnes
internationales. fre.
34
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: conservation of historic sites; international organizations; international campaigns;
restoration projects.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: financial aspects; costs; Yemen PDR; Yemen AR; Bangladesh.
// Valley of Wadi Hadramaut (Yemen PDR) // Shibam (Yemen PDR) // Sanaa (Yemen AR) // Paharpur Vihara
(Bangladesh) // Khalifatabad, Bagerhat (Bangladesh)
009266 - Meeting of the Working Group. 1st. Dhaka, 1986. First meeting of the Working Group for International
Campaign to safeguard the ancient monuments and site of Paharpur and Bagerhat, Bangladesh. Dhaka, Department
of Archaeology and Museums, [1987]. 38 p. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: conservation of historic monuments; international campaigns; meetings; Bangladesh.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: recommendations.
// Unesco // Paharpur (Bangladesh) // Bagerhat (Bangladesh)
ACCESSION NO: 9518.
009402 - Nomination form. Mosque City of Bagerhat. CMLA Secretariat, Sports and Culture Division (Bangladesh). sl,
CMLA Secretariat, Sports and Culture Division, 1983. 7p. (The historic mosque city of Bagerhat (Bangladesh))
(engalso in fre). La ville-mosquée historique de Bagerhat. fre. Date received: 30-12-83/M. Asafuddowlah/Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; architectural ensembles; islamic architecture; mosques; mausolea;
Bangladesh; nomination forms.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: historical surveys; conservation policy; bibliographies.
009403 - Icomos valuation. Ville-mosquée de Bagerhat. Mosque-City of Bagerhat (eng). Icomos. Paris, Icomos, 1984.
3 p. (The historic mosque city of Bagerhat (Bangladesh)) (same text in eng, fre).
Bangladesh; valuations.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: historical surveys. // Bagerhat (Bangladesh)
009404 - Map. Unesco Bangladesh Cultural Heritage Project. Map of Mouza-Sundarghona No. 131 showing Shait
Gumbad Mosque monument area. Department of Archaeology and Museums (Bangladesh). Dhaka, Departement of
Archaeology and Museums, 1983. 1 map, scale 1:4000. (The historic mosque city of Bagerhat (Bangladesh)) (eng).
Legend: Land already owned by the Department of Archaeoloy and Museums, Land under process of acquisition,
Land under process of acquisition Step Two, Zone for protection under Antiquity Acts 1968 (revised 1975).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; architectural ensembles; islamic architecture;mosques; Bangladesh;
maps.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: perimeter of protection; private ownership; public ownership.
ACCESSION NO: WHC 321. CALL NO: Map: 1.
009405 - Map. Unesco Bangladesh Cultural Heritage Project. Map of Mouza-Ranvijoypur No. 137, showing Khan
Jahans Mausoleum monument area. Department of Archaeology and Museums (Bangladesh). Dhaka, Department of
Archaeology and Museums, 1983. 1 map, scale 1:4000. (The historic mosque city of Bagerhat (Bangladesh)) (eng).
Legend: Land already owned by the Department of Archaeology and Museums, Land under process of acquisition,
Land under process of acquisition Step Two, Zone for protection under Antiquity Acts 1968 (revised 1975).
Bangladesh; maps.
009406 - Map. Modern Bagerhat and the ruins of old "Khalifatabad" mosque-city, district Khulna, Bangladesh.
Department of Archaeology and Museums (Bangladesh). sl, Department of Archaeology and Museums, 1983. 1 map,
scale 1:8,000. (The historic mosque city of Bagerhat (Bangladesh)) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; architectural ensembles; mosques; mausolea; Bangladesh; maps. //
Bagerhat (Bangladesh)
009407 - Map. Bagerhat: layout of Old City of Khalifatabad and Shait Gumbad monument area. sl, sn, sd. 2 maps,
scale 1:12,000/1:50,000. (The historic mosque city of Bagerhat (Bangladesh)) (eng). Legend: New road from Khulna.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; architectural ensembles; mosques; mausolea; Bangladesh; maps.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: roads. // Bagerhat (Bangladesh)
ACCESSION NO: WHC 321. CALL NO: Maps: 4-5.
009408 - Map. Bangladesh, showing location of Paharpur and Bagerhat. sl, sn, sd. 1 map, scale 1:4,250,000. (The
historic mosque city of Bagerhat, (Bangladesh)) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; architectural ensembles; Bangladesh; maps.
// Bagerhat (Bangladesh) // Paharpur (Bangladesh)
009409 - Plan. Shait Gumbad Mosque at Bagerhat. sl, sn, sd. 1 plan, scale 1:100. (The historic mosque city of
Bagerhat (Bangladesh)) (eng). PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; islamic architecture; mosques;
Bangladesh; ground plans.
// Shait Gumbad Mosque, Bagerhat (Bangladesh) ACCESSION NO: WHC 321. CALL NO: Plan: 1.
35
009410 - Photo. Bagerhat. Archaeology and Museums Bangladesh. Dacca, Archaeology and Museums Department,
sd. 10 photos: b & w, 14.5x10 cm. (The historic mosque city of Bagerhat (Bangladesh)) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; islamic architecture; architectural ensembles; mosques; mausolea;
Bangladesh; photographs.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: arcades; facades; domes.
// Shait Gumbad Mosque, Bagerhat (Bangladesh) // Reza Khoda Mosque, Bagerhat (Bangladesh) // Zinda Pir
Mosque, Bagerhat (Bangladesh) // Ranvijay Pur Mosque, Bagerhat (Bangladesh) // Nine-domed Mosque, Bagerhat
(Bangladesh) // Singar Mosque, Bagerhat (Bangladesh) // Bibi Beguinis Mosque, Bagerhat (Bangladesh) //
Chunakhola Mosque, Bagerhat (Bangladesh) // Khan Jahan Mausoleum, Bagerhat (Bangladesh)
ACCESSION NO: WHC 321. CALL NO: Photos: 1 to 10.
009411 - Photo. Bagerhat. Beauvais, C. de. sl, sn, sd. 20 photos: col. , 9x12.5 cm. (The historic mosque city of
Bagerhat (Bangladesh)) (fre).
Bangladesh; photographs.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: facades; domes; arches.
// Shait Gumbad Mosque, Bagerhat (Bangladesh) // Nine-domed Mosque, Bagerhat (Bangladesh) // Singar Mosque,
Bagerhat (Bangladesh) // Khan Jahan Mausoleum, Bagerhat (Bangladesh)
009412 - Mausolée de Khan Jahan et Mosquée de Shait Gumbad, Bagerhat, Banghladesh. Hartley, J.; Sanday, J.;
Beauvais, C. de. Unesco. [s.l.], [s.n.], [s.d.]. 3 slides : col. (fre). Listed as WHC 321 in 1985. Condition: ave.
(scratched).
facades; domes; Bangladesh.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: slides; general views.
// Shait Gumbad Mosque, Bagerhat (Bangladesh) // Khan Jahan Mausoleum, Bagerhat (Bangladesh)
CALL NO: BD.BAG.01:1-3. (restricted).
009413 - Bangladesh; Building Conservation and Repair. Sanday, John. Paris, Unesco, 1980. 60 p, illus. (eng).
Assistance to member states in the preservation of the cultural and natural heritage and in the development of
museums.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: conservation of historic monuments; structural surveys; regional inventories; islamic
architecture; buddhist architecture; hindu architecture; mosques; temples; Bangladesh; expert missions; technical
reports.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; brickworks; biodeterioration; structural damage; damp-proofing; flood
control; drainage systems; training; tourist facilities; budget estimate.
// Bagerhat (Bangladesh) // Rajshahi (Bangladesh) // Puthia (Bangladesh) // Paharpur (Bangladesh)
ACCESSION NO: 6954. DOC CODE: FMR/CC/CH/80/123.
009414 - Bagerhat Monuments; the Medieval Mosque-City of Bagerhat, Bangladesh. Ahmed, Nazimuddin. sl,
Department of Archaeology and Museums, 1980. 7 p, illus. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: architectural ensembles; islamic architecture; mosques; mausolea; historical surveys;
Bangladesh.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list.
// Shait Gumbad Mosque, Bagerhat (Bangladesh) // Khan Jahan Mausoleum, Bagerhat (Bangladesh)
ACCESSION NO: 6621.
009415 - Paharpur et Bagerhat; dossier de presse preparé par la Division du Patrimoine Culturel. Unesco. Paris,
Unesco, 1984. 9 p. (The historic mosque city of Bagerhat (Bangladesh)) (fre). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; conservation of historic monuments; islamic architecture; buddhist
architecture; mosques; monasteries; Bangladesh.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: conservation plans; international campaigns; budget estimate; expert missions. //
Paharpur (Bangladesh) // Bagerhat (Bangladesh)
012094 - Mosque of Shait Gumbad, historic mosque city of Bagerhat, Bangladesh. Hartley, J.; Albert-Hesse,
Jane(text). Unesco. Paris, nesco, [s.d.]. 2 slides : col.+ 1 p. (Save our Common Heritage. 15) (frealso in eng, spa).
Accompanying material: legend from booklet bearing series title.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; mosques; historic monuments; domes; brick; Bangladesh.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: slides. // Shait Gumbad Mosque, Bagerhat (Bangladesh)
CALL NO: BD.BAG.02:1-2.
016226 - Conservation of building materials including terracotta : requirements of the conservation laboratory. Cultural
Heritage project for the conservation of monuments and sites. De Witte, E. Unesco. Paris, Unesco, 1991. 36 p., illus.
(eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: building materials; conservation; laboratories; Bangladesh.
// Mosques de Bagerhat, Bangladesh // Paharpur Monastery, Bangladesh // Kantanagar Temple, Bangladesh
ACCESSION NO: 10650. (limited).
021731 - Scientific measures for archaeological preservation of Bagerhat monuments in Bangladesh. Yahia, M.A.
2003. 8 p. (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; mosques; historic monuments; conservation measures; scientific
research; chemical analysis; analysis of materials; Bangladesh.
// Historic mosque city of Bagerhat, Bangladesh (WHC 321)
36
027009 - Periodic Report: Historic Mosque city at Bagerhat. The Department of Archaeology, Bangladesh. [Paris],
[UNESCO], [2003]. [32p.]. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage convention; world heritage list; periodic reports; conservation; management;
monitoring; mosques; islamic architecture; Bangladesh.
// Historic Mosque city at Bagerhat, Bangladesh (WHC 321)
1985 - Ruins of the Buddhist Vihara at Paharpur / Ruines du Vihara
bouddhique de Paharpur (Criteria i - ii - vi)
Brief description
Evidence of the rise of Mahayana Buddhism in Bengal from the 7th century onwards, Somapura
Mahavira, or the Great Monastery, was a renowned intellectual centre until the 12th century. Its layout
perfectly adapted to its religious function, this monastery-city represents a unique artistic achievement.
With its simple, harmonious lines and its profusion of carved decoration, it influenced Buddhist
architecture as far away as Cambodia.
Briève description
e
Témoin de l'essor du bouddhisme du Mahayana au Bengale à partir du VII siècle, cet ensemble,
connu sous le nom de Somapura Mahvira, le « grand monastère », a été un centre intellectuel de
e
renom jusqu'au XII siècle. Par son plan parfaitement adapté à sa fonction religieuse, cette villemonastère représente une réalisation artistique unique qui a influencé l'architecture bouddhique
jusqu'au Cambodge, par la simplicité et l'harmonie de ses lignes et le foisonnement de son décor
sculpté.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
004332 - Soon to be restored. The treasure trove of Paharpur. Zaman, Roushan. Paris, Unesco, 1984. p. 1-4, illus.
(Informations Unesco. 804-805) (various texts in eng, fre). Paharpur : un trésor caché bientôt restauré. fre.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: monastic and conventual buildings; restoration of historic monuments; Bangladesh.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: buddhist architecture; archaeological excavations; archaeological finds; master plans;
international assistance; expert missions; financial assistance; world heritage list. // Paharpur Buddhist Monastery
(Bangladesh)
005072 - Conference of South Asian Archaeologists in Western Europe. 7th. Brussels, 1983. International Conference
of South Asian Archaeologists in Western Europe. Brussels, Commissariat Général aux Relations Internationales de
la Communauté Française, 1983. 57 p. (eng). Incl. programme of the conference, list of participants.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: management of archaeological sites; archaeological excavations; archaeological surveys;
critical studies; South East Asia; Belgium.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; rock art sites; abstracts; proceedings of conferences.
// Temple of Nalanda (India) // Monastery of Paharpur (Bangladesh) // Mohenjodaro (Pakistan) // Vijayanagara (India)
// Swat valley (Pakistan)
ACCESSION NO: 8502. CALL NO: Arch. 56.
005643 - Das Bengalische Heiligtum von Paharpur wird restauriert. Zaman, Roushan. Bonn, Unesco, 1985. p. 13-15.
(Unesco-Dienst. 32, 2-3) (ger).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: buddhist architecture; restoration works; Bangladesh.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: archaeological excavations; deterioration; islamic architecture; protection of cultural
heritage; conservation plans; international campaigns; world heritage list. // Unesco // Paharpur (Bangladesh)
006045 - Appel du Directeur général pour la sauvegarde de deux sites au Bangladesh. Paris, Unesco, 1985. p. 1-3.
(Les Nouvelles de l'Unesco/Unesco News. 157) (same text in eng, fre). Director-General's appeal for the safeguarding
of two sites in Bangladesh. eng.
37
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: international campaigns; conservation of historic sites; Bangladesh.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: fund raising; buddhist architecture; hindu architecture; deterioration.
// Paharpur (Bangladesh) // Bagerhat (Bangladesh)
006740 - Grand and Glorious Asia. Tokyo, ACCU, 1981. 100 p, illus. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: conservation of historic monuments; historical surveys; photographic surveys.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: Afghanistan; Pakistan; Bangladesh; India; Democratic Kampuchea; Indonesia; Nepal;
Sri Lanka; Burma; Thailand; Viet Nam SR; China; Korea R; Japan.
// ACCU - Asian Cultural Centre for Unesco // Herat (Afghanistan) // Moenjodaro (Pakistan) // Paharpur (Bangladesh)
// Sanchi (India) // Ajanta (India) // Ellora (India) // Angkor Wat (Democratic Kampuchea) // Borobudur (Indonesia) //
Kathmandu Valley (Nepal) // Cultural Triangle (Sri Lanka) // Pagan (Burma) // Sukhothai (Thailand) // Hué (Viet Nam
SR) // Xian (China) // Kyongju (Korea R) // Nara (Japan)
ACCESSION NO: 8873.
007050 - The Conservation and preservation of the ruins of the Buddhist Vihara at Paharpur and the historic MosqueCity of Bagerhat. Sanday, John; Frost, Alan; Smyth, John; Van Lohuizen de Leeuw, Joan; Antonio, Roberto. Paris,
Unesco, 1983. 176 p, illus., plans. (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: management of archaeological sites; buddhist architecture; islamic architecture;
Bangladesh; master plans.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: reinforcement; conservation of historic monuments; protection of environment; technical
assistance; training; diagnosis; tourist facilities; costing; recommendations; world heritage list.
// Vihara, Paharpur (Bangladesh) // Bagerhat (Bangladesh)
ACCESSION NO: 7677. CALL NO: Arch. 95. DOC CODE: FMR/CLT/CH/83/258(UNDP). (restricted).
009026 - International campaigns. Paris, Unesco, 1985. p. 2-8, illus. (Panorama. 3) (eng also in fre). Campagnes
internationales. fre.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: conservation of historic sites; international organizations; international campaigns;
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: financial aspects; costs; Yemen PDR; Yemen AR; Bangladesh.
// Valley of Wadi Hadramaut (Yemen PDR) // Shibam (Yemen PDR) // Sanaa (Yemen AR) // Paharpur Vihara
(Bangladesh) // Khalifatabad, Bagerhat (Bangladesh)
009266 - Meeting of the Working Group. 1st. Dhaka, 1986. First meeting of the Working Group for International
Campaign to safeguard the ancient monuments and site of Paharpur and Bagerhat, Bangladesh. Dhaka, Department
of Archaeology and Museums, [1987]. 38 p. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: conservation of historic monuments; international campaigns; meetings; Bangladesh.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: recommendations.
// Unesco // Paharpur (Bangladesh) // Bagerhat (Bangladesh)
ACCESSION NO: 9518.
009408 - Map. Bangladesh, showing location of Paharpur and Bagerhat. sl, sn, sd. 1 map, scale 1:4,250,000. (The
historic mosque city of Bagerhat, (Bangladesh)) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; architectural ensembles; Bangladesh; maps.
// Bagerhat (Bangladesh) // Paharpur (Bangladesh)
009413 - Bangladesh; Building Conservation and Repair. Sanday, John. Paris, Unesco, 1980. 60 p, illus. (eng).
Assistance to member states in the preservation of the cultural and natural heritage and in the development of
museums.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: conservation of historic monuments; structural surveys; regional inventories; islamic
architecture; buddhist architecture; hindu architecture; mosques; temples; Bangladesh; expert missions; technical
reports.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; brickworks; biodeterioration; structural damage; damp-proofing; flood
control; drainage systems; training; tourist facilities; budget estimate.
// Bagerhat (Bangladesh) // Rajshahi (Bangladesh) // Puthia (Bangladesh) // Paharpur (Bangladesh)
ACCESSION NO: 6954. DOC CODE: FMR/CC/CH/80/123.
009415 - Paharpur et Bagerhat; dossier de presse preparé par la Division du Patrimoine Culturel. Unesco. Paris,
Unesco, 1984. 9 p. (The historic mosque city of Bagerhat (Bangladesh)) (fre). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; conservation of historic monuments; islamic architecture; buddhist
architecture; mosques; monasteries; Bangladesh.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: conservation plans; international campaigns; budget estimate; expert missions. //
Paharpur (Bangladesh) // Bagerhat (Bangladesh)
009416 - Nomination form. Buddhist Vihara at Paharpur. Vihara bouddhique du Paharpur (fre). Sports and Culture
Division (Bangladesh). sl, Sports and Culture Division, 1983. 7 p. (Ruins of the Buddhist Vihara at Paharpur
(Bangladesh)) (engalso in fre). Date received: 30-12-83/Asafuddowlah, Mohammad/Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; archaeological sites; monasteries; buddhist architecture; Bangladesh;
nomination forms.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: historical surveys; conservation policy.
// Somapura Mahavira, Paharpur (Bangladesh)
38
009417 - Icomos valuation. Vihara bouddhique de Paharpur. Buddhist Vihara at Paharpur (eng). Icomos. Paris,
Icomos, 1984. 4 p. (Ruins of the Buddhist Vihara at Paharpur (Bangladesh)) (same text in eng, fre).
valuations.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: historical surveys. // Somapura Mahavira, Paharpur (Bangladesh)
009418 - Map. Archaeological Site Paharpur. Survey of Bangladesh Office. Dacca, Survey of Bangladesh Office,
1979. 1 map, scale 1:1,200. (Ruins of the Buddhist Vihara at Paharpur (Bangladesh)) (eng). Legend: Contour survey
map of Paharpur and its vicinity, prepared by the Surveyor General's Office.
relief maps. // Somapura Mahavira, Paharpur (Bangladesh)
009419 - Map. Unesco Bangladesh Cultural Heritage Project. Part Map of Mouza-Paharpur No. 75 R.S. Department
of Archaeology and Museums (Bangladesh). Dhaka, Department of Archaeology and Museums, 1983. 1 map, scale
1:4000. (Ruins of the Buddhist Vihara at Paharpur (Bangladesh)) (eng). Legend: Land already owned by the
Department of Archaeology and Museums, Land under process of acquisition, Land under process of acquisition Step
Two, Zone for protection environment under Antiquity Acts 1968 (revised 1975).
maps.
ACCESSION NO: WHC 322. CALL NO: Map. 2.
009420 - Plan. Paharpur Monastery. sl, sn, sd. 1 plan, scale 1:2,500. (Ruins of the Buddhist Vihara at Paharpur
(Bangladesh)) (eng).
plans.
ACCESSION NO: WHC 322. CALL NO: Plan: 1.
009421 - Photo. Paharpur. Beauvais, C. de. sl, sn, 1984. 24 photos: col. , 12.5x8.5 cm. (Ruins of the Buddhist Vihara
at Paharpur (Bangladesh)) (fre).
photographs.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: general views; decorations and ornaments; terra cotta.
009422 - Photo. Paharpur and Satya Pir Bhita ruins. Archaeology and Museums (Bangladesh). Dacca, Archaeology
and Museums, sd. 5 photos: b
w, 9.5x14.5 cm./14x20.5 cm. (Ruins of the Buddhist Vihara at Paharpur (Bangladesh)) (eng).
photographs.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: general views; decorations and ornaments; terra cotta; statues; buddhas; bronze. //
Somapura Mahavira, Paharpur (Bangladesh) // Satya Pir Bhita Ruins, Rajshahi (Bangladesh)
009423 - Bangladesh, Restoration of the Monastery of Paharpur. Pichard, P. Paris, Unesco, 1974. 23 p, illus. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: archaeological sites; monasteries; buddhist architecture; expert missions; Bangladesh;
technical reports.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: historical surveys; diagnosis; water table changes; crystallization of salts;
biodeterioration; drainage systems; world heritage list.
ACCESSION NO: 5471. DOC CODE: 3079/RMO.RD/CLP.
009424 - Paharpur. Rashid, M. H. sl, Department of Archaeology and Museums, 1980. 13 p, illus. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: archaeological sites; historical surveys; buddhist architecture; monasteries; conservation
plans; Bangladesh.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list. // Somapura Mahavira, Paharpur (Bangladesh)
ACCESSION NO: 6622.
009425 - Ruines du Vihara Bouddhique de Paharpur, Banghladesh. Sanday, John; Beauvais, C. de. Unesco. [s.l.],
[s.n.], [s.d.]. 5 slides : col. (fre). Listed as WHC 322 in 1985. Legends on mounts. Some mounts: 10/84.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; archaeological sites; buddhist architecture; monasteries; bas-reliefs; terra
cotta; temples; stupas; Bangladesh.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: slides; general views; plans.
CALL NO: BD.PAH.03:1-5. (restricted).
012093 - Temple de Paharpur, Banghladesh. Albert-Hesse, Jane (text). Accu-Tokyo. Paris, Unesco, [s.d.]. 1 slide :
col. + 1 p. (Save our Common Heritage. 14) (frealso in eng, spa). Listed as WHC 322 in 1985. Accompanying
material: legend from booklet bearinng series title. PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; archaeological sites;
buddhist architecture; temples; monasteries; bas-reliefs; Bangladesh.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: slides; general views. // Paharpur (Bangladesh)
CALL NO: BD.PAH.04:01.
39
016226 - Conservation of building materials including terracotta : requirements of the conservation laboratory. Cultural
Heritage project for the conservation of monuments and sites. De Witte, E. Unesco. Paris, Unesco, 1991. 36 p., illus.
(eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: building materials; conservation; laboratories; Bangladesh.
// Mosques de Bagerhat, Bangladesh // Paharpur Monastery, Bangladesh // Kantanagar Temple, Bangladesh
ACCESSION NO: 10650. (limited).
017372 - Bangladesh: The development of cultural tourism: Paharpur and environs. Projects findings and
recommendations. Silva, R. UNESCO. Paris, UNESCO, 1976. 20 p., illus., maps, plans. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: management of archaeological sites; world heritage list; buddhist architecture; cultural
tourism; tourism management; Bangladesh.
// Paharpur, Bangladesh (WHC 322)
CALL NO: To. 136.
027008 - Periodic Report: Ruins of the Buddhist Vihara at Paharpur. The Department of Archaeology, Bangladesh.
[Paris], [UNESCO], [2003]. [31p.]. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage convention; world heritage list; periodic reports; archaeological remains;
ruins; archaeological sites; buddhist architecture; conservation; management; Bangladesh.
// Ruins of the Buddhist Vihara at Paharpur, Bangladesh (WHC 322)
1997- The Sundarbans / Les Sundarbans (Criteria ix - x)
Brief description
The Sundarbans mangrove forest, one of the largest such forests in the world (140,000 ha), lies on the
delta of the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna rivers on the Bay of Bengal. It is adjacent to the border
of India's Sundarbans World Heritage site inscribed in 1987. The site is intersected by a complex
network of tidal waterways, mudflats and small islands of salt-tolerant mangrove forests, and presents
an excellent example of ongoing ecological processes. The area is known for its wide range of fauna,
including 260 bird species, the Bengal tiger and other threatened species such as the estuarine
crocodile and the Indian python.
Briève description
La forêt de mangroves des Sundarbans, l'une des plus grandes forêts mondiales de ce type (140 000
ha), couvre le delta du Gange, du Brahmapoutre et de la Meghna, dans la baie du Bengale. Elle est
contiguë au site indien des Sundarbans, classé patrimoine mondial depuis 1987. L'ensemble du site
est entrecoupé d'un réseau complexe de voies d'eau sous l'influence des marées, de vasières et
d'îlots de forêts de mangroves halophiles, offrant un excellent exemple de processus géologiques en
cours. Le site est également connu pour la richesse de sa faune qui comprend 260 espèces
d'oiseaux, le tigre du Bengale et d'autres espèces menacées comme le crocodile marin et le python
indien.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
40
Cambodia / Cambodge
1992 - Angkor / Angkor (Criteria i - ii - iii - iv)
Brief description
Angkor is one of the most important archaeological sites in South-East Asia. Stretching over some 400
sq. km, including forested area, Angkor Archaeological Park contains the magnificent remains of the
different capitals of the Khmer Empire, from the 9th to the 15th century. These include the famous
Temple of Angkor Wat and, at Angkor Thom, the Bayon Temple with its countless sculptural
decorations. UNESCO has set up a wide-ranging programme to safeguard this symbolic site and its
surroundings.
Briève description
Angkor est l‟un des principaux sites archéologiques de l‟Asie du Sud-Est. S‟étendant sur quelque 400
km2 couverts en partie par la forêt, le parc archéologique d‟Angkor recèle les admirables vestiges des
différentes capitales de l‟Empire khmer qui rayonna entre le IXe et le XVe siècle : le célèbre temple
d‟Angkor Vat et, à Angkor Thom, le temple du Bayon orné d‟innombrables sculptures. L‟UNESCO a
mis en oeuvre un vaste programme de sauvegarde de ce site symbole et de son environnement.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
000861 - Les Monuments du groupe d'Angkor; guide. Glaize, Maurice. Saigon, Albert Portail, 1948. 280 p, illus.,
maps, 18 cm. (fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic monuments; descriptions; religious architecture; architecture history; Democratic
Kampuchea. SECONDARY KEYWORDS: historical surveys; tourist guidebooks. // Angkor (Democratic Kampuchea)
ACCESSION NO: 6536.
002769 - Appel de l'Unesco pour sauver Angkor. Zamora, Raoul. Dijon, Archéologia, 1984. p. 7-8, illus. (Archéologia.
189, April) (fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: temples; international campaigns; Democratic Kampuchea.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: buddhist architecture; rescue archaeology; war damage; vandalism.
// Unesco // Angkor (Democratic Kampuchea)
ACCESSION NO: K-263. ISSN: 5513-189-22.
003774 - Dossier Angkor, 1983. Paris, Délégation permanente du Kampuchea Démocratique auprès de l'Unesco,
1984. 36 p, illus., maps, plans. (fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: archaeological sites; temples; Democratic Kampuchea.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: historical surveys; restoration works; cultural identity; war damage; protection of historic
monuments; cultural policy; destruction of cultural heritage.
// Angkor (Democratic Kampuchea)
ACCESSION NO: 8095. CALL NO: Ri. 072.
003859 - Cache-cache diplomatique derrière le temple d'Angkor. Sabatier, Patrick. Paris, Libération, 1984.
(Libération. 11 sept. 1984) (fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: archaeological sites; temples; Democratic Kampuchea.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: rescue archaeology; international cooperation; war damage; destruction of cultural
heritage; restoration projects; France. // ONU // Unesco // Angkor (Democratic Kampuchea)
004833 - Angkor Vat menacé de destruction - Recherches sur l'état actuel des ruines d'Angkor. Ishizawa, Yoshiaki.
Tokyo, Institute of Asian Cultures, 1983. 45 p, illus. (Journal of Sophia Asian Studies. 1) (fre). Off print. Incl. ref.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: temples; deterioration; war damage; vegetation; Democratic Kampuchea.
// Angkor Vat (Democratic Kampuchea)
41
005723 - International Symposium on the Study and Preservation of Historic Cities of Southeast Asia. Tokyo, 1985.
The Angkor complex, its study and preservation. Ishiszawa, Yoshiaki. Tokyo, Institute of Asian Culture, Sophia
University, 1986. p. 124-132, illus. (Study and preservation of historic cities of Southeast Asia) (fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: temples; destruction of cultural heritage; international cooperation; South East Asia; Japan.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: conservation of historic sites; proceedings of conferences.
// Angkor Vat (Democratic Kampuchea) // Borobudur (Indonesia) // Pagan (Burma) // Sukhotai (Thailand) // Huê
(Vietnam SR)
ACCESSION NO: 8624.
Sophia appeal for the safeguarding of the Angkor complex. Tokyo, Institute of Asian Culture, Sophia University, 1986.
p. 145-146. (Study and preservation of historic cities of Southeast Asia) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: conservation of historic sites; temples; recommendations.
ACCESSION NO: 8624.
006227 - Redécouvrir Angkor. Bruchollerie, Hubert de la. Paris, Cahiers de la ligue urbaine et rurale, 1985. p. 29-35,
illus. (Cahiers de la ligue urbaine et rurale. 87) (fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: temples; historic sites; historical surveys; Democratic Kampuchea.
ACCESSION NO: K-36.
ACCESSION NO: 8873.
008170 - Angkor Vat. (fre). Dossier: press cuttings, plans, Unesco reports, articles.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: buddhist architecture; Democratic Kampuchea; photographs; plans.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: destruction of cultural heritage.
009710 - Restoration brightens Angkor Wat, but not without controversy. Hiebert, Murray. Washington, National Trust
for Historic Preservation, 1987. p. 14. (Preservation News. 27, 8) (eng). Reprinted from "The Washington Post".
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: temples; destruction of cultural heritage; restoration works; Kampuchea.
// Angkor Wat (Kampuchea)
011043 - Angkor silencieux. Butor, Michel; Narang, Nouth. Paris, Heidelberg, Editions sous le vent, Braus Verlag,
1988. 160 p., illus. (fre). Photographs by Philippe Gras.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: temples; shrines; architectural surveys; descriptions; decorations and ornaments;
Kampuchea.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: deterioration; cultural heritage; vegetation.
// Angkor (Kampuchea)
012119 - Site d'Angkor, Cambodge. Auer, M. [s.l.], [s.n.], [s.d;]. 66 slides : col. (fre). Legends on mounts. Origin: M.
Auer.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: religious architecture; buddhist architecture; hindu architecture; shrines; architectural
sculpture; bas-reliefs; stupas; stone; Kampuchea.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: slides.
// Angor Vat (Kampuchea) // Bayon, Angkor (Kampuchea) // Ta Prohm (Kampuchea) // Preah Khan, Angkor
(Kampuchea) // Pre Rup, Angkor (Kampuchea)
CALL NO: KH.ANG.03:1-66. (restricted).
012120 - Site d' Angkor, Cambodge. Hanke, J. G. [s.l.], [s.n.], [s.d;]. 37 slides : col. (ger). Condition: ave. Density:
varies, many dark.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: religious architecture; buddhist architecture; hindu architecture; restoration; bas-reliefs;
shrines; stairs; buddhas; stupas; high reliefs; architectural sculpture; vegetation; Kampuchea.
// Angkor Vat (Kampuchea) // Thommannon Temple, Angkor Thom (Kampuchea) // Angkor (Kampuchea) // Bayon
Temple, Angkor Thom (Kampuchea)
CALL NO: KH.ANG.02:1-37. (restricted).
013066 - Angkor and the World Monument Fund. Archaeological Heritage Management. Stubbs, John H. ICOMOS.
Colombo, Sri Lanka National Committee of ICOMOS, Sri Lanka Central Cultural Fund, 1993. p.82-91, illus. (Central
Cultural Fund Publication n. 135 : Archaeological Heritage Management : ICOMOS International Scientific
Symposium. 135) (eng). Incl. Bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: management of Archaeological sites; expert missions; temples; war damage; Cambodia.
42
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: programmes; inventories; documentation; cleaning; conservation measures; hurricanes;
training; emergency treatment; pilot projects.
// World Monument Fund // University of Beaux-Arts, Phnom-Penh // Unesco // ICOMOS International Scientific
Symposium on Archaeological Heritage Management. Colombo (Sri Lanka), 1993 // Angkor (Cambodia)
ACCESSION NO: 12518. CALL NO: Arch. 290. ISBN: 955-613-047-0. (Nongovernmental international organization).
014603 - Angkor Wat : A case study in the legal problems of international cultural resource management. Monroe,
John W. Washington, Heldref Publications, 1995. p. 277-286. (Journal of Arts Management, law, and Society. 24,4)
(eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: protection of cultural heritage; archaeological heritage; temples; management of
archaeological sites; Cambodia.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: international cooperation; looting; war damage; vandalism.
// Angkor Wat
(Cambodia)
ACCESSION NO: 13170. ISSN: 1063-2921.
015424 - Pillage à Angkor. Looting in Angkor. Norodom Sihanouk; Mayor, Frederico; Ghose, Saroj; Dagens, Bruno;
Denys, Lombard. ICOM. new edition. Paris, ICOM, 1997. 126 p., illus. (Cent objets disparus. One hundred missing
objects) (same text in fre, eng). Coop. with the Ecole Française d'Extrême Orient. SupportFlorence Gould Foundation,
French Department of Culture, UNESCO.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: management of archaeological sites; looting; armed conflict; Cambodia; protection of cultural
heritage.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: illicit excavations; illicit traffic; international cooperation; descriptions; inventories; world
heritage list; documentation; legal protection.
// Angkor, Cambodia
ACCESSION NO: 13416. CALL NO: Ri. 087 (2). ISBN: 92-9012-034-4.
016092 - The fourth Sophia University Angkor mission. Research report. Ishizawa, Y.; Moriai, T.; Fujiki, Y.; Endo, N;
Kono, Y. Institute of Asian Cultures, Sophia University, Japan. Tokyo, Sophia University, 1991. 393 p., illus.
(Renaissance culturelle du Cambodge. 4) (various texts in cam, eng, fre, jap). PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage
list; international cooperation; deterioration; restoration; Cambodia. SECONDARY KEYWORDS: stone; inventories;
surveys.
// Angkor (Cambodia), (WHC668)
016093 - The fifth international survey mission for preservation of monuments at Angkor by Sophia University.
Research report. Ishizawa, Y.; Endo, N..; Kono, Y.; Mariai, T.; Fujiki, Y.; Ueno, K.; Takahashi, H.; Narita, T.; Leang,
L.K.; Sanday, J. Institute of Asian Cultures, Sophia University, Japan. Tokyo, Sophia University, 1991. 633 p., illus.
(Renaissance culturelle du Cambodge. 5) (various texts in cam, eng, fre, jap).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; international cooperation; deterioration; archaeological surveys;
Cambodia. SECONDARY KEYWORDS: stone; inventories; architectural surveys; training; sculptures.// Angkor
(Cambodia), (WHC668)
016094 - The 6th Sophia University survey mission for the study and preservation of the Angkor Monuments. The 2nd
UNESCO international round table of experts on the preservation of the Angkor Monuments.. The first general survey
of the local communities in Siem Reap Province. Research report. Ishizawa, Y.; Endo, N.; Baba, S.; Nakao, Y.; Fujiki,
Y.; Narita, T.; Shigeeda, Y.; Yokohama, J.; Hasebe, M.; Sakai, M.; Tsuboi, Y.; Takahashi, H.; Leang, L.K. Institute of
Asian Cultures, Sophia University, Japan. Tokyo, Sophia University, 1992. 439 p., illus. (Renaissance culturelle du
Cambodge. 6) (various texts in cam, fre, eng). Incl. itinerary and list of members.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; international cooperation; excavations; preservation; Cambodia.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: training; training courses; policy; surveys.
// Angkor (Cambodia), (WHC668) // World Monument Fund // Unesco
016095 - The 7th Sophia University survey mission for the study and preservation of the Angkor Monuments - joint
research project with the World Monuments Fund. Mission research reports. Ishizawa, Y.; Endo, N.; Nakahashi, H.;
Ishizawa, Y.; Moriai, T.; Ueno, K.; Nakao, Y.; Fujiki, Y.; Asai, K.; Leang, L.K.; Yokoyama, J.; Motohashi, S. Institute of
Asian Cultures, Sophia University, Japan. Tokyo, Sophia University, 1992. 317 p., illus. (Renaissance culturelle du
Cambodge. 7) (various texts in cam, eng). Incl. itinerary and list of members.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; international cooperation; deterioration; restoration; Cambodia.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: archaeological surveys; geological features; architectural surveys; sculptures;
inventories; non-governmental organizations.
// Non governmental organizations // Angkor (Cambodia), (WHC668)
016096 - The third Sophia Angkor Mission. Outline of the International symposium on the safeguarding of the Angkor
monuments in Tokyo. mission report. Ishizawa, Y.; Kono, Y.; Endo, N. Institute of Asian Cultures, Sophia University,
Japan. Tokyo, Sophia University, 1990. 335 p., illus. (Renaissance culturelle du Cambodge. 3) (various texts in cam,
eng, fre, jap). Incl. itinerary and list of members.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; international cooperation; preservation; restoration; Cambodia; Japan.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: safeguarding; reports; studies.
// Angkor (Cambodia), (WHC668) // Tokyo appeal for the safeguarding of the Angkor monuments
016108 - Inter-governmental conference on Angkor. Tokyo, 1993. Safeguarding and development of Angkor. Unesco
Division of Cultural Heritage. Paris, Unesco, 1993. 90 p., illus. (eng).
43
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; historic monuments and sites; conservation; development; Cambodia.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: international cooperation; unesco; non-governmental organizations; conservation plans;
conservation policy; development projects.
// Angkor, Cambodia(WHC 668)
016124 - Angkor and the Siem Reap region. A comprehensive bibliography of publications. Ragavan, M.C.
(compilation). Cambodian National Commission for Unesco. Pilot Edition. Phnom Penh, Unesco Cambodia, 1998. 581
p. (eng). Incl. author and keyword indexes.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; documentation; bibliographies; Cambodia.
// Angkor, Cambodia (WHC 668)
ACCESSION NO: 13577. (National Commission).
018501 - Angkor. Jacques, Claude. Madrid, Unesco, 1996. p.4-15, illus., maps. (World Heritage Review. 1, 1996)
(same text in eng, spa). Angkor. spa.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: archaeological sites; world heritage list; palaces; temples; historical surveys; Cambodia. //
Angkor, Cambodia (WHC 668) ACCESSION NO: K-382 b. ISSN: 1020-4202.
018786 - World Heritage in danger. UNESCO World Heritage Centre Madrid, UNESCO, 2001. p. 32-34, illus. (World
Heritage Review. 19) (same text in eng, fre). Patrimoine mondial en péril. fre.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; world heritage in danger; cultural heritage at risk; Honduras; Cambodia;
Tunisia; Democratic Republic of Congo.
// Rio Platano Biospher Reserve, Honduras (WHC 196) // Ichkeul National Park, Tunisia (WHC 8) // Angkor,
Cambodia (WHC 668) // Virunga National Park, Democratic Republic of the Congo (WHC 63) // Garamba National
Park, Democratic Republic of the Congo (WHC 136) // Kahuzi-Biega National Park, Democratic Republic of the Congo
(WHC 137)
ACCESSION NO: K-382b. ISSN: 1020-4202.
019149 - The structural behaviour of the temples of Angkor. Croci, Giorgio. Phnom Penh, A.P.S.A.R.A, 1998. 60p.,
illus., plans. (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: structural surveys; world heritage list; structures of buildings; temples; building materials;
maintenance; Cambodia.
019666 - Comité International de Coordination pour la Sauvegarde et le Développement du Site Historique d'Angkor:
Sessions plénières. (various texts in fre, eng). International Co-ordinating Committee for the Safeguarding and
Development of the Historic Site of Angkor. ng. Incl.:6è Session plénière, 8è Session plénière, 11è Comité Technique.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: archaeological heritage; world heritage list; protection of cultural heritage; illicit traffic;
Cambodia.
020675 - Case study on the effects of tourism on culture and the environment: Cambodia. Soubert, Son; Hay, Soung
Lean. UNESCO Principal Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific. Bangkok, UNESCO, 1995. 32p., illus. (RACAP
Series on Culture and Tourism in Asia. 3) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: cultural tourism; cultural facilities; environment; sustainable tourism; world heritage list;
Cambodia.
ACCESSION NO: 14396. CALL NO: To. 281.
024655 - Cultural heritage and tourism at Angkor, Cambodia: developing a theoretical dialogue. Winter, Tim. Victoria,
Australia ICOMOS, 2004. p.3-8, illus. (Historic Environment . 17, 3) (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: World Heritage list; cultural tourism; cultural heritage; Cambodia.
025440 - La dècouverte de 103 statues de Bouddha enfouies dans le temple de Banteay Kdei à Angkor. Ishizawa,
Yoshiaki. Paris, UNESCO, 2003. p. 65-66. In: "Proceedings of the International Congress: More than two thousand
years in the history of architecture" (fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: temples; archaeological excavations; Buddhas; statues; Cambodia.
// Banteay Kdei, Angkor, Cambodia (WHC 668)
025447 - International cooperation for the sake of conservation and restoration of Angkor monuments. Nakagawa,
Takeshi. Paris, UNESCO, 2003. p. 137-142, illus., plans. In: "Proceedings of the International Congress: More than
two thousand years in the history of architecture" (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic monuments; archaeological sites; world heritage list; conservation; restoration;
international cooperation; Cambodia.
026797 - The evolution of UNESCO's action in cultural heritage conservation in the last 50 years and its activities in
cultural heritage preservation in post-conflict situations. Bouchenaki, Mounir. Seoul, Korean National Committee of
ICOMOS, 2004. p. 3-9. In: "International Symposium : conservation of Koguryo Tombs, Seoul, Korea, October 25-28,
2004" (eng).
44
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: conservation of cultural heritage; international cooperation; world heritage convention; armed
conflict; post-disaster situation.
// UNESCO // Angkor, Cambodia (WHC 668)
026963 - Angkor : au-delà du mythe de la "forêt de pierre", un milieu pour l'avenir. Mémoire de fin d'études. DEA
Jardins, Paysages, Territoires. Sous la direction d'Augustin Berque. Mouterde, Guillemette. Paris, EHESS, 1996. 71
p., maps. (fre). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic monuments; archaeological sites; landscapes; world heritage list; natural heritage;
forests; temples; cultural heritage; tourism; economic aspects; social aspects; religious architecture; Cambodia.
026991 - Periodic Report: Angkor. APSARA, Autorité pour la protection du site et l'aménagement de la région
d'Angkor, Cambodia. [Paris], [UNESCO], [2003]. 26p. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage convention; world heritage list; periodic reports; archaeological sites; palaces;
temples; conservation; management; monitoring; Cambodia.
027287 - The master plan for the conservation and restoration of the Bayon Complex. Nakagawa, Takeshi (ed.).
Japanese Government Team for Safeguarding Angkor (JSA); The UNESCO/Japanese Funds-in-Trust for the
Preservation of the World Cultural Heritage. Tokyo, JICE, 2005. 638 p., illus. (same text in eng, jap). Incl. appendices.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic sites; historic monuments; temples; world heritage list; master plans; conservation;
restoration; cultural heritage at risk; restoration techniques; conservation plans; Cambodia.
// The Bayon Complex, Angkor, Cambodia (WHC 668)
027488 - History and conservation of Angkor. Ea, Darith. Ottawa, ICOMOS Canada, 2005. p. 65-66, illus. (ICOMOS
Canada Bulletin: Momentum 2004-2005. 1) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; archaeological sites; conservation; historical surveys; Cambodia.
027737 - Comité international de Coordination pour la Sauvegarde et le Développement du Site Historique d'Angkor.
11th. Siem Reap, 2004. Onzième Session Plénière. International Co-ordinating Committee for the Safeguarding and
Development of the Historic Site of Angkor. Eleventh Plenary Session (eng). UNESCO. Phnom Penh, UNESCO,
2005. 88 p.+103 p. (same text in eng, fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; archaeological heritage; conservation.
// Angkor, Cambodia (WHC668)
028238 - Defining architectural conservation project boundaries; Lessons from four examples. Stubbs, John H. Xi'an,
World Publishing Corporation, 2005. p. 103-109, illus. In: "Proceedings of the ICOMOS 15th General Assembly and
Scientific Symposium. Volume 1" (eng). Incl. abstract.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: conservation of architecture; conservation projects; setting; surroundings of historic
monuments; historic monuments; cultural landscapes; historic towns; case studies; world heritage list.
// Phnom, Bakheng, Historic City of Angkor Cambodia (WHC 668) // The Brancussi Endless Column Ensemble,
Romania // The Lednice-Valtice Cultural Landscape, Czech Republic (WHC 763) // Royal Monastery of Guadalupe,
Extremadura, Spain (WHC 665)
ACCESSION NO: 15017. ISBN: 7-5062-7372-1. URL: http://www.international.icomos.org/xian2005/papers/1-16.pdf.
028407 - Angkor Sites, Cultural World Heritage. Sun, Kérya Chau. New York, Cambridge University Press, 2006. p.
148-156. In: "Art and cultural heritage: law, policy and practice" (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: protection of cultural heritage; historic sites; archaeological sites; archaeological heritage;
world heritage list; legal protection; legislation; looting; movable cultural property; Cambodia.
// UNIDROIT Convention // Angkor, Cambodia (WHC 668)
ACCESSION NO: 15005. CALL NO: LOI 138. ISBN: 0-521-85764-3.
029097 - Peripheral vision : implications of spatial contextualisation for communities surrounding heritage sites.
Butland, Rowena. Xi'an, World Publishing Corporation, 2005. p. 559-568, illus. In: "Proceedings of the ICOMOS 15th
General Assembly and Scientific Symposium. Volume 2" (eng). Incl. bibl. and abstract.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic sites; management; local communities; setting; world heritage list; surroundings of
historic monuments; urban development; town and country planning; GIS; Cambodia.
030198 - Succes and limits for stone repair mortars based on tetra ethyl silicate-conservation of the reliefs at Angkor
Wat Temple, Cambodia. Leisen, Hans; Plehwe-Leisen, Esther von; Warrak, Simon. Stockholm, ICOMOS Sweden,
2004. p. 331-338, illus. In: "Proceedings of the 10th International congress on Deterioration and Conservation of
Stone; Vol.1 (eng). Incl. abstract and bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: stone; mortar; repairs; historic monuments; temples; stone carving; sandstone; deterioration;
Cambodia.
// Angkor Wat, Cambodia
ACCESSION NO: 15029. CALL NO: Pi. 464. ISBN: 91-631-1458-5.
45
030568 - Zur Polychromie von Angkor Wat in Kambodscha - Zusammenfassung erster Untersuchungsergebnisse.
Kiesewetter, Arndt. München, Deutscher Kunstverlag, 2002. p. 15-20, illus. (Die Denkmalpflege. 1, 2002) (ger).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: temples; religious architecture; historical surveys; historic monuments; investigations;
deterioration; polychromy; decorations and ornaments; cultural heritage at risk; world heritage in danger; Cambodia.
ACCESSION NO: K-063. ISSN: 0947-031-X.
031902 - Heritage and identity: A case of Local ommunity connections with historic relics of an Angkorean Past.
Kasiannan, Senthilpavai. Melbourne, ICOMOS Australia, 2007. 11 p. In: "ICOMOS 2007 Extreme Heritage:
Conference handbook" (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: cultural identity; management; archaeological remains; archaeology; cultural landscapes;
tourism; cultural heritage; local communities; Cambodia.
// Angkor Archaeological Park, Cambodia
032683 - Genius of the place: (Re) presenting cultural landscapes, World Heritage Listing and intangible values.
Making spaces into places in Asia. Taylor, Ken; Altenburg, Kirsty. [Siem Reap], [Centre for Khmer Studies], 2005. 12
p. (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: cultural landscapes; concepts; world heritage convention; world cultural heritage;
authenticity; intangible heritage; case studies; Asia.
// Contemporary research on Pre-Angkor Cambodia, Centre for Khmer Studies. Siem Reap, January 10-12 2005 //
Bagan, Myanmar // Borobudur, Indonesia (WHC 592) // Angkor, Cambodia (WHC 668)
ACCESSION NO: 15610. CALL NO: P.C.093.
033811 - Renaissance Culturelle du Cambodge 2005 - 2006. Ishizawa, Yoshiaki (ed.); Endo, Nobuo (ed.). Tokyo,
Sophia Asia Center for Research and Human Development, 2006. 272 p., illus. (Renaissance culturelle du
Cambodge. 22) (various texts in eng, jap).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic monuments; archaeological heritage; archaeological excavations; international
cooperation; Cambodia.
ACCESSION NO: 15705 (22). ISSN: 0917-141X.
033812 - Renaissance Culturelle du Cambodge 2007. Ishizawa, Yoshiaki (ed.); Endo, Nobuo (ed.). Tokyo, Sophia
Asia Center for Research and Human Development, 2007. 227 p., illus. (Renaissance culturelle du Cambodge. 23)
(various texts in eng, jap).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic monuments; archaeological heritage; archaeological excavations; temples;
international cooperation; buddhist architecture; Cambodia.
ACCESSION NO: 15705 (23). ISSN: 0917-141X.
033813 - A research-based survey of global heritage - An overflowing of vitality and faith. Proceedings of the
Symposium Commemorating the Opening of the Preah Norodom Sihanouk Angkor Museum, and the completion of
building area 1 of the Western Causeway of Angkor Wat. Sophia Asia Center for Research and Human Development.
Tokyo, Sophia Asia Center for Research and Human Development, 2007. 95 p., illus. (various texts in ger, jap).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; historic monuments; historic sites; cathedrals; archaeological heritage;
restoration; conservation; Cambodia; Germany.
// Cologne Cathedral, Germany // Angkor Wat, Cambodia
2008 - Temple of Preah Vihear / temple de Preah Vihear (Criterion i)
Brief description
Situated on the edge of a plateau that dominates the plain of Cambodia, the buildings that make up
th
the sanctuary are dedicated to Shiva. The temple dates back to the first half of the 11 century AD.
th
Nevertheless, its complex history can be traced to the 9 century, when the hermitage was founded.
This site is particularly well-preserved, mainly due to its remote location near the border with Thailand.
The site is exceptional for three reasons: its natural situation on a promontory, with sheer cliffs
overlooking a vast plain and mountain range; the quality of its architecture adapted to the natural
environment and religious function of the temple; and, finally, the exceptional quality of the carved
stone ornamentation of the temple.
46
Briève description
Le site sacré du temple de Preah Vihear (Cambodge) se trouve au bord d‟un plateau qui domine la
plaine du Cambodge. Les bâtiments qui composent ce site sont dédiés à Shiva. Le temple, composé
d'une série de sanctuaires reliés par un système de chaussées et d'escaliers s'étendant sur un axe de
800 m, date du XIème siècle. Son histoire complexe remonte cependant au IXe siècle, époque à
laquelle un ermitage a été fondé. Ce site est particulièrement bien préservé, essentiellement en raison
de sa situation reculée, près de la Thaïlande. L'ensemble est exceptionnel pour son architecture,
adaptée à la fois aux contraintes naturelles du site et aux fonctons religieuses du temple, ainsi que
pour la qualité des ornementations de pierre sculptée.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
China / Chine
1987 - Mount Taishan / Mont Taishan (Criteria i - ii - iii - iv - v - vi - vii)
Brief description
The sacred Mount Tai ('shan' means 'mountain') was the object of an imperial cult for nearly 2,000
years, and the artistic masterpieces found there are in perfect harmony with the natural landscape. It
has always been a source of inspiration for Chinese artists and scholars and symbolizes ancient
Chinese civilizations and beliefs.
Briève description
Objet d'un culte impérial pendant près de deux millénaires, le mont sacré Tai abrite des chefs-d'œuvre
artistiques en parfaite harmonie avec la nature environnante. Il a toujours été une source d'inspiration
pour les artistes et les lettrés chinois et il est le symbole même des civilisations et des croyances de la
Chine ancienne.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
010252 - Mission Report : the People's Republic of China, March 21 to April 5 1988. World Heritage Convention.
Unesco. Rome, Iccrom, 1988. 49 p, illus. (eng). Incl. list of names and addresses; technical cooperation.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: protection of cultural heritage; conservation of historic monuments;
archaeological sites; conservation policy; maintenance; deterioration; China.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; expert reports; guidelines. //
Imperial Palace, Beijing (China) // Peking Man Site (China) // Mogao Caves (China) //
First Emperor's Tomb, Xian (China) // Taishan Mountain (China) // Great Wall (China)
ACCESSION NO: 9811.
013464 - Mount Taishan, China. (s.l.),, (s.n.),, (s.d.). 75 slides: col. + 6p. legends.
(eng). From WHC/N dossier 437 listed in 1987. Accompanying material: legends.
Legends on some mounts.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; national parks; plants; trees; China.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: buddhist architecture; religious architecture; temples; gates;
statues; murals; palaces; funerary architecture; historic monuments and sites; wall
paintings; aerial photography; slides.
// Mount Taishan (China)
CALL NO: CN.TAI.03:1-75 (WHC/N 437). (restricted).
47
016675 - Mt. Huangshan and Mt. Taishan, outstanding cultural landscapes in China.
Yang, Ying. Jena; Stuttgart; New York, G. Fischer, 1995. p. 114-127, illus.
(Cultural Landscapes of Universal Value: components of a global strategy) (eng).
Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: cultural landscapes; world heritage list; natural heritage; China.
// Mont Taishan, China (WHC 437) // Mont Huangshan, China (WHC 547)
026420 - Mountains and Buddhas in the clouds. Yang, Rui; Zhuang, Youbo. Madrid, San Marcos, UNESCO, 2004.
p.28-37, illus. (World Heritage Review. 36) (same text in eng, fre, spa). Montañas y Budas entre las nubes. spa.
Montagnes et Bouddhas parmi les nuages. fre.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: natural heritage; mountains; religious architecture; temples; buddhist architecture; buddhas;
world heritage list; China.
// Mount Emei Scenic Area, including Lesham Giant Buddha Scenic Area, China (WHC 779) // Mount Huangshan,
China (WHC 547) // Mount Taishan, China (WHC 437) // Mount Wuyi, China (WHC 911)
026421 - Pekin Man Site at Zhoukoudian. Shuang-quan, Zhang. Madrid, San Marcos, UNESCO, 2004. p.38-39, illus.
(World Heritage Review. 36) (same text in eng, fre, spa). Sitio del Hombre de Pekín den Zhoukoudian. spa. Site de
l'homme de Pékin à Zhoukoudian. fre.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: archaeological sites; palaeontological sites; fossils; world heritage list; China; human
settlement sites.
// Pekin Man Site at Zhoukoudian, China (WHC 449) // Mount Taishan, China (WHC 437)
026987 - Periodic Report: Mount Taishan. The Administrative committee of Mount Tai Scenic Spot, China. [Paris],
[UNESCO], [2003]. 27p. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage convention; world heritage list; periodic reports; cultural landscapes; natural
sites; buddhist architecture; temples; religious architecture; palaces; funerary architecture; historic monuments; wall
paintings; conservation; management; China.
// Mount Taishan, China (WHC 437)
1987 - The Great Wall / La Grande Muraille (Criteria i - ii - iii - iv - vi)
Brief description
In c. 220 B.C., under Qin Shi Huang, sections of earlier fortifications were joined together to form a
united defence system against invasions from the north. Construction continued up to the Ming
dynasty (1368Ŕ1644), when the Great Wall became the world's largest military structure. Its historic
and strategic importance is matched only by its architectural significance.
Briève description
Vers 220 av. J.-C., Qin Shin Huang entreprit de réunir des tronçons de fortifications existants pour en
faire un système défensif cohérent contre les invasions venues du nord. Poursuivis jusque sous les
Ming (1368-1644), ces travaux ont produit le plus gigantesque ouvrage de génie militaire du monde.
Son importance historique et stratégique n'a d'égale que sa valeur architecturale.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
002273 - Soil technology. Singapore, Eurasia Press, 1982. p. 48-53, illus. (Mimar. 3) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: vernacular architecture; earth architecture; China.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: surrounding walls; pise; adobe; brick; brickwork; cave dwellings; houses; vaults.
// Loes Region (China) // Great Wall (China)
48
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: protection of cultural heritage; conservation of historic monuments; archaeological sites;
conservation policy; maintenance; deterioration; China.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; expert reports; guidelines.
// Imperial Palace, Beijing (China) // Peking Man Site (China) // Mogao Caves (China) // First Emperor's Tomb, Xian
(China) // Taishan Mountain (China) // Great Wall (China)
ACCESSION NO: 9811.
011871 - The ancient Great Wall in a New Era. Ren-Zhi, Hou. Washington, US/ICOMOS, 1987. p. 59-63. In: "8th
ICOMOS General Assembly and International symposium. "Old cultures in new worlds". Symposium papers. Volume
I" (eng). Incl. abstract in English and French.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic monuments; ancient architecture; walls; world heritage list; China.
// The Great Wall, China ( WHC 438)
ACCESSION NO: 9806.
012254 - La Grande Muraille, Chine. [s.l.], [s.n.], [s.d.]. 30 slides : col. + 2 p. typescript. (fre). From dossier WHC 438
listed in 1987. Accompanying material: legends (Photos in dossier duplicate slides). See also: doc. 9811 ICCROM
Mission Report.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; historic monuments and sites; military architecture; ancient architecture;
towers; ruins; archaeological finds; town gates; earth architecture; fortifications; China.
// The Great Wall of China (China)
CALL NO: CN.WAL.02:1-30 (WHC 438). (restricted).
016655 - International perspectives in conservation. President ICOMOS: 1990-1999. Silva, Roland; Wijesuriya,
Gamini, editor. ICOMOS Sri Lanka. Colombo, ICOMOS Sri Lanka, 1999. 170 p. (eng). Incl. a selection of speeches
and papers.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: conservation of cultural heritage; international level; cultural tourism; historic towns; world
heritage list; training.
// Silva, Roland, Dr // ICOMOS // Mountain resort and its Outlying Temples, Chengde, China (WHC 703) // The Great
Wall, China (WHC 438) // Pisa, Italy (WCH 395) // Venice Charter, 1965
026432 - The Great Wall. Zhewen, Luo. Madrid, San Marcos, UNESCO, 2004. p.76-78, illus. (World Heritage Review.
36) (same text in eng, fre, spa). La Gran Muralla. spa. La Grande Muraille. fre.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: walls; military architecture; world heritage list; China.
// The Great Wall, China (WHC 438)
026995 - Periodic Report: The Great Wall. Special Sone Office, China; Jiayuguan Pass Cultural Relics Management
Station, China; Shanhaiguan District Bureau of Cultural Relics, China. [Paris], [UNESCO], [2003]. [93]p. (also in eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage convention; world heritage list; periodic reports; walls; historic monuments;
ancient architecture; military architecture; towers; ruins; fortifications; town gates; earth architecture; conservation;
management; monitoring; China.
// The Great wall Shanhaiguan, China (WHC 438) // The Great wall Badaling, China (WHC 438) // The Great wall
Jiayuguan Pass, China (WHC 438) // The Great wall, China (WHC438)
028254 - Similarities and differences in the conservation and settings of the great wall in China and the Limes
Romanus as listed and planned world heritage sites. Visy, Zsolt. Xi'an, World Publishing Corporation, 2005. p. 198211, illus. In: "Proceedings of the ICOMOS 15th General Assembly and Scientific Symposium. Volume 1" (eng). Incl.
bibl. and abstract.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; walls; conservation; setting; conservation areas.
// Frontiers of the Roman Empire (WHC 430 bis) // The Great Wall, China (WHC 438)
1987- Imperial Palaces of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Beijing and Shenyang
/ Palais impériaux des dynasties Ming et Qing à Beijing et à Shenjang
(Criteria i - ii - iii - iv - v - vi)
49
Brief description
Seat of supreme power for over five centuries, the Forbidden City, with its landscaped gardens and
many buildings (whose nearly 10,000 rooms contain furniture and works of art), constitutes a priceless
testimony to Chinese civilization during the Ming and Qing dynasties.
Extension: The Imperial Palace of the Qing Dynasty in Shenyang consists of 114 buildings,
constructed between 1625-26 and 1783. It contains an important library and testifies to the foundation
of the last dynasty that ruled China, before it expanded its power to the centre of the country and
moved the capital to Beijing. This palace then became auxiliary to the Imperial Palace in Beijing. This
remarkable architectural edifice offers important historical testimony to the history of the Qing Dynasty
and to the cultural traditions of the Manchu and other tribes in the north of China.
Briève description
Siège du pouvoir suprême pendant plus de cinq siècles, la Cité interdite, avec ses jardins paysagers
et ses nombreux bâtiments dont près de 10 000 salles renferment meubles et œuvres d'art, constitue
un témoignage inestimable de la civilisation chinoise au temps des Ming et des Qing.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
013465 - Imperial Palace of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. (s.l.),, (s.n.),, (s.d.). 50 slides: col. 1p. typescript. (eng).
Listed as WHC 439 in 1987. Accompanying material: legends. Slides nos. 6, 11, 42, 45 missing from series. 6
additional slides included without legend information.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; palaces; interior architecture; historic gardens; China.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: ceilings; walls; finishings; stone carving; roofs; furniture; ditches; buddhist architecture;
gates; squares; slides.
// Imperial Palace of the Ming and Qing Dynasties (China)
CALL NO: CN.PAL.04:1-50. (restricted).
021456 - Tombes impériales des dynasties Ming et Qing. 45 slides: col. (eng). From WHC 1004 bis listed in 2003.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: tombs; world heritage list; China.
// Imperial tombs of the Ming and Qing dynasties, Chine (WHC 1004 bis)
CALL NO: CN.MIN.31.1-45 (WHC 1004 bis).
026418 - Imperial Sites and Gardens. Xu-jie, Liu. Madrid, San Marcos, UNESCO, 2004. p.6-19, illus. (World Heritage
Review. 36) (same text in eng, fre, spa). Sitios y Jardines Imperiales. spa. Sites et Jardins Impériaux. fre.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: palaces; mausolea; funerary architecture; temples; historic monuments; world heritage list;
China; historic gardens; tombs.
// Huang, Qin Shi // Imperial Palaces of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Beijing and Shenyang, China (WHC 439)
026993 - Periodic Report: Imperial Palaces of th Ming Qing Dynasties in Beijing. The Palace Museum, China. [Paris],
[UNESCO], [2003]. 32p., illus. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage convention; world heritage list; periodic reports; palaces; historic gardens;
conservation; management; monitoring; China.
// Imperial Palaces of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Beijing, China
1987 - Mogao Caves / Grottes de Mogao (Criteria i - ii - iii - iv - v - vi)
Brief description
Situated at a strategic point along the Silk Route, at the crossroads of trade as well as religious,
cultural and intellectual influences, the 492 cells and cave sanctuaries in Mogao are famous for their
statues and wall paintings, spanning 1,000 years of Buddhist art.
50
Briève description
Situées en un point stratégique de la Route de la soie, à un carrefour de la circulation des richesses et
des influences religieuses, intellectuelles et culturelles, les 492 cellules et sanctuaires rupestres de
Mogao sont célèbres pour leurs statues et leurs peintures murales, qui reflètent un millénaire d'art
bouddhique.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
001199 - Grottes de Mogao, Chine. [s.l.], [s.n.], [s.d.]. 33 slides : col. (fre). From dossier WHC 440 listed in 1989.
Condition: ave. See: identical photos in dossier.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; rock paintings; rock cut architecture; wall paintings; buddhist architecture;
religious art; polychromy; grottoes; buddhas; statues; cornices; China.
// Mogao Caves (China)
CALL NO: CN.MOG.01:1-33 (WHC 440). (restricted).
ACCESSION NO: 9811.
011147 - Conservation of Buddhist Sites in China. Marina del Rey, Getty Conservation Institute, 1989. p. 1-3, illus.
(The Getty Conservation Institute Newsletter. 4, 1) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic sites; buddhist architecture; grottoes; restoration projects; China.
// Mogao Grottoes (China) // Yungang Grottoes (China)
017108 - Cave temples of Mogao: art and history on the silk road. Whitfield, Roderick; Whitfield, Susan; Agnew,
Neville. Los Angeles, GCI, 2000. 138 p., illus. (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; buddhist architecture; caves; grottoes; rock paintings; rock cut
architecture; wall paintings; cultural routes; silk; religious art; temples; polychromy; statues; China.
// The Silk Road // Caves Temples of Mogao, China (WHC 440)
019926 - Conserving the Buddhist Wall Paintings at Mogao. Piqué, Francesca. Los Angeles, GCI, 2002. p. 21-23,
illus. (Conservation: The Getty Conservation Institute Newsletter. 17,3) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; buddhist architecture; caves; wall paintings; conservation of wall
paintings; China.
// Caves Temples of Mogao, China (WHC 440)
021518 - Sins of omission: Diagnosis, risk assessment and decision: lessons from three sites. Agnew, Neville.
London, James
James, 2003. p. 75-84, illus. (eng). In: "Conserving the painted past: developing approaches to wall painting
conservation"; Incl. Bibl. and Abstract in English".
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: deterioration; conservation of wall paintings; risk assessment; case studies; China; Australia;
Tanzania.
// Cave Temples of Mogao, China (WHC 440) // Lark Quarry, Queensland, Australia // Laetoli, Tanzania
026428 - Religious Grottoes of China. Zhan, Guo. Madrid, San Marcos, UNESCO, 2004. p66-74, illus. (World
Heritage Review. 36) (same text in eng, fre, spa). Grutas Religiosas de China. spa. Grottes religieuses de Chine. fre.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: caves; religious architecture; buddhist architecture; buddhas; world heritage list; China.
// Dazu Rock Carvings, China (WHC 912) // Longmen Grottoes, China (WHC 1003) // Mogao Caves, China (WHC
440) // Yungang Grottoes, China (WHC 1039)
026804 - Wall paintings conservation of grottoes along the Silk Road. Zuixiang, Li. Seoul, Korean National Committee
of ICOMOS, 2004. p. 129-147, illus. In: "International Symposium : conservation of Koguryo Tombs, Seoul, Korea,
October 25-28, 2004" (eng). Incl. bibl. and abstract.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: conservation of wall paintings; caves; analysis of materials; pigments; restoration of wall
paintings.
// Maijishan Grottoes // Binglingsi Grottoes // Mogao Grottoes // Kizil Grottoes
51
026994 - Periodic Report: Mogao Caves. Dunhuang Research Academy, China. [Paris], [UNESCO], [2003]. [32p.].
(eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage convention; world heritage list; periodic reports; caves; rock paintings; rock
cut architecture; wall paintings; buddhist architecture; grottoes; religious art; conservation; management; legal
protection; legislation; China.
// Mogao Caves, China (WHC 440)
027720 - Chapter IX: The Dunhuang Grottoes-a splendid treasurehouse of culture and art. Xiaozhu, Pan. [Beijing],
[Zhongguo Lüyou Chuban She], [2003]. p.82-89, illus. In: "The old silk road-From Xi'an to Pamir" (same text in chi,
eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: caves; rock cut architecture; wall paintings; polychrome sculptures; buddhist architecture;
buddhas; world heritage list; China.
// Silk Road, China // Dunhuang Grottoes, China // Mogao Caves, China
027742 - From Silk Road to digital domain: managing information for a wall paintings conservation project. Wong,
Lorinda. Los Angeles, GCI, 2005. p.21-24, illus. (Conservation: The Getty Conservation Institute Newsletter. 20, 3)
(eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: wall paintings; conservation of wall paintings; conservation projects; data processing;
documentation; information management; China.
// Silk Road, Cave 85 of Mogao Grottoes, China
031142 - Conflict between Conservation and Tourism at Mogao Grottoes and Resolving Strategy. Fan, Jinshi. Seoul,
ICOMOS-Korea, 2005. 6 p. In: "Managing tourism in historic towns and areas in Asia : 2005 ICOMOS Regional
Conference in Seoul" (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; caves; tourists; overvisiting; statistics; cultural tourism; tourism
management; conservation; China.
// Mogao Caves, China (WHC 440)
034999 - International Symposium on the Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Property. 31st. Tokyo, Japan, 5-7
February 2008. Study of environmental conditions surrounding cultural properties and their protective measures.
National Research Institute for Cultural Properties, Tokyo. Tokyo, National Research Institute for Cultural Properties,
2009. 157 p., illus. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: conservation of cultural heritage; conservation measures; conservation treatment;
conservation techniques; environment; environmental control; climatic factors; climate change; biodeterioration;
microorganisms; humidity; biological factors; temperature; wall paintings; caves; case studies; world heritage list.
// Lascaux, France (WHC 85) // Mogao Caves, China (WHC 440) // Takamatsuzuka tumulus, Japan
035786 - Tourism: a good servant, but a bad master. Strategies for visitor management at Chengde and Mogao,
China. Agnew, Neville; Altenburg, Kirsty; Demas, Martha; Sullivan, Sharon. Burwood, Australia ICOMOS, 2006. p. 1319, illus. (Historic Environment. 9, 2) (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic sites; world heritage list; cultural tourism; tourists; tourism management; master
plans; interpretation; temples; caves; China.
// Mountain Resort and its Outlying Temples, Chengde, China (WHC 703) // Mogao Caves, China (WHC 440)
1987- Masoleum of the First Qin Emporer / Mausolée du premier empereur Qin
(Criteria i - iii - iv vi)
Brief description
No doubt thousands of statues still remain to be unearthed at this archaeological site, which was not
discovered until 1974. Qin (d. 210 B.C.), the first unifier of China, is buried, surrounded by the famous
terracotta warriors, at the centre of a complex designed to mirror the urban plan of the capital,
Xianyan. The small figures are all different; with their horses, chariots and weapons, they are
masterpieces of realism and also of great historical interest.
52
Briève description
Sur ce site archéologique qui ne fut découvert qu'en 1974, il reste sans doute des milliers de statues à
mettre au jour. C'est là que Qin, premier unificateur de la Chine, mort en 210 av. J.-C., repose au
centre d'un ensemble qui évoque le schéma urbain de sa capitale Xianyan, entouré d'une armée de
guerriers en terre cuite devenus rapidement célèbres dans le monde. Ces personnages, tous
différents, avec leurs chevaux, leurs chars et leurs armes, sont des chefs-d'œuvre de réalisme, qui
constituent aussi un témoignage historique inestimable.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
017754 - Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor. 2 slides : B
W. (fre). From WHC 441 listed in 1987 ; 1 duplicate slide.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: mausolea; world heritage list; aerial photography; China.
// Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor, China (WHC 441)
CALL NO: CH.MAU.20: 1-2 (WHC 441).
018577 - Magnetic prospecting in archaeological sites. Becker, Helmut; Fassbinder, Jörg W.E. München, ICOMOS,
2001. 202 p., illus. (Monuments and Sites. VI) (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: archaeological surveys; archaeological prospections; archaeological field work; magnetic
surveys; telemetry; photogrammetry; measurements and instruments; aerial photography; case studies.
// Ibbankatuwa, Sri Lanka // Garden of the Sigiriya Rock Fortification, Sri Lanka // Troy, Turkey // Munbaqua-Ekalte,
Syrian AR // Monte da Ponte, Concelha Evora, Portugal // Royal Capital of Awsan, Hagar Yahirr, Wadi Markha,
Yemen // Ambrona, Soria, Spain // Ostia Antica, Italy // Zoser Pyramid, Saqqara, Egypt // Nile Delta, Egypt // Rusafat
Hisam, Syrian AR // Palmyra, Syrian AR // Cemetery and Awâm-Temple, Marib, yemen // Necropolis of Suchanicha,
Minusinsk Bassin, South Siberia, Russian Federation // Scythian Settlement, Siberia, Russian Federation // Uruk,
Gilgamesh Iraq // Palace of Qin Shihuangdi, Wazigang, China
027713 - Chapter II: Qinshihuang's Buried Legion-Terracotta Warriors and Horses. Qixun, Huang. [Beijing],
[Zhongguo Lüyou Chuban She], [2003]. p.28-35, illus. In: "The old silk road-From Xi'an to Pamir" (same text in chi,
eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: Mausolea; sculptures; terra cotta; world heritage list; China.
// Silk Road, China // Terracotta Warriors and Horses, Mausoleum of the first Qin Emperor, Shaanxi Province, China
(WHC 441)
1987- Peking Man Site at Zhoukoudian / Site de l'homme de Pékin à
Zhoukoudian (Criteria iii - vi)
Brief description
Scientific work at the site, which lies 42 km south-west of Beijing, is still underway. So far, it has led to
the discovery of the remains of Sinanthropus pekinensis, who lived in the Middle Pleistocene, along
with various objects, and remains of Homo sapiens sapiens dating as far back as 18,000Ŕ11,000 B.C.
The site is not only an exceptional reminder of the prehistorical human societies of the Asian
continent, but also illustrates the process of evolution.
Briève description
À 42 km au sud-ouest de Pékin, le site, dont l'exploitation scientifique continue, a permis notamment
de découvrir, accompagnés d'objets variés, les restes de Sinanthropus pekinensis, qui vivait au
pléistocène moyen, puis des restes d'Homo sapiens sapiens, datables de -18 000 à -11 000. Le site
n'apporte pas seulement un témoignage exceptionnel sur les sociétés humaines du continent
asiatique à une époque très reculée, mais illustre aussi le processus de l'évolution.
53
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
016869 - Patrimoine, site, tourisme : de quelques contradictions. Beschaouch, Azedine. Paris, ICOMOS France ,
2000. p. 19-23. (fre). In : "Accueil, aménagement et gestion dans les grands sites".
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: cultural tourism; protection of cultural heritage; management plans; authenticity; case
studies.
// UNESCO // ICOMOS // Trohée, Carthage, Tunisia (WHC 37) // Pekin Man Site at Zhoukoudian, China (WHC 449) //
Pyramides, Egypt (WHC 86)
026421 - Pekin Man Site at Zhoukoudian. Shuang-quan, Zhang. Madrid, San Marcos, UNESCO, 2004. p.38-39, illus.
(World Heritage Review. 36) (same text in eng, fre, spa). Sitio del Hombre de Pekín den Zhoukoudian. spa. Site de
l'homme de Pékin à Zhoukoudian. fre.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: archaeological sites; palaeontological sites; fossils; world heritage list; China; human
settlement sites.
// Pekin Man Site at Zhoukoudian, China (WHC 449) // Mount Taishan, China (WHC 437)
026989 - Periodic Report: Pekin Man Site at Zhoukoudian. The People's Government of Fangshan District, China.
[Paris], [UNESCO], [2003]. 36p. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage convention; world heritage list; periodic reports; archaeological sites;
palaeontological sites; fossils; human settlement sites; conservation; management; tourists; attendance rate; China.
// Pekin Man Site at Zhoukoudian, China (WHC 449)
1990 - Mount Huangshan / Mont Huangshan (Criteria ii - vii - x)
Brief description
Huangshan, known as 'the loveliest mountain of China', was acclaimed through art and literature
during a good part of Chinese history (e.g. the Shanshui 'mountain and water' style of the mid-16th
century). Today it holds the same fascination for visitors, poets, painters and photographers who come
on pilgrimage to the site, which is renowned for its magnificent scenery made up of many granite
peaks and rocks emerging out of a sea of clouds.
Briève description
Célébrée durant une bonne partie de l'histoire chinoise dans l'art et la littérature (par exemple dans le
e
style shanshui « montagne et eau », milieu du XVI siècle), Huangshan, la plus belle montagne de
Chine, exerce toujours la même fascination sur les visiteurs, les poètes, les peintres et les
photographes d'aujourd'hui venus en pèlerinage dans ce lieu enchanteur, connu pour son paysage
grandiose composé de nombreux rochers et pics granitiques émergeant d'une mer de nuages.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
013463 - Mount Huangshan, China. (s.l.),, (s.n.),, (s.d.). 24 slides: col. (chi). From
dossier WHC/N 547 listed in 1990. 2 sets of 24 slides each, corresponding to some
photographs found in dossier. Legends in dossier in English and on mounts in Chinese.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; historic monuments and sites; national parks;
rock art sites; China. SECONDARY KEYWORDS: plants; rivers; stairways; bridges; temples;
ornamental lakes; trees; rock engravings; slides. // Mount Huangshan (China)
CALL NO: CH.HUA.05:1-24 (WHC/N 547). (restricted).
54
016675 - Mt. Huangshan and Mt. Taishan, outstanding cultural landscapes in China.
Yang, Ying. Jena; Stuttgart; New York, G. Fischer, 1995. p. 114-127, illus.
(Cultural Landscapes of Universal Value: components of a global strategy) (eng).
Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: cultural landscapes; world heritage list; natural heritage; China.
// Mont Taishan, China (WHC 437) // Mont Huangshan, China (WHC 547)
027018 - Periodic Report: Mount Huangshan. Administrative Committee of Mount Huangshan Scenic Beauty Site.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage convention; world heritage list; periodic reports; cultural landscapes; natural
heritage; historic monuments and sites; national parks; rock art sites; conservation; management; monitoring; tourists;
attendance rate; China.
// Mount Huangshan, China (WHC 547)
1992- Jiuzhaigou Valley Scenic and Historic Interest Area / Région d'intérêt
panoramique et historique de la vallée de Jiuzhaigou (Criterion vii)
Brief description
Stretching over 72,000 ha in the northern part of Sichuan Province, the jagged Jiuzhaigou valley
reaches a height of more than 4,800 m, thus comprising a series of diverse forest ecosystems. Its
superb landscapes are particularly interesting for their series of narrow conic karst land forms and
spectacular waterfalls. Some 140 bird species also inhabit the valley, as well as a number of
endangered plant and animal species, including the giant panda and the Sichuan takin.
Briève description
S'étendant sur une superficie de 72 000 ha dans le nord de la province du Sichuan, la vallée de
Jiuzhaigou, extrêmement accidentée, culmine à plus de 4 800 m d'altitude et comprend de ce fait une
série d'écosystèmes forestiers très variés. Ses superbes paysages se caractérisent notamment par un
chapelet de cônes karstiques étroits et des chutes d'eau spectaculaires. La vallée abrite, en outre,
quelque 140 espèces d'oiseaux, ainsi qu'un certain nombre d'espèces végétales et animales
menacées, dont le panda géant et le takin du Sichuan.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
026427 - Natural Heritage of China. Thorsell, Jim. Madrid, San Marcos, UNESCO, 2004. p54-61, illus. (World
Heritage Review. 36) (same text in eng, fre, spa). El Patrimonio Mundial Natural de China. spa. Le patrimoine mondiel
naturel de Chine. fre.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: natural heritage; caves; natural sites; landscapes; protected areas; world heritage list; China.
// Huanglong Scenic and Historic Interest Area, China (WHC 1083) // Jiuzhaigou Valley Scenic and Historic Interest
Area, China (WHC 637) // Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan Protected Areas, China (WHC 640) // Wulingyuan Scenic
and Historic Interest Area, China (WHC 640)
55
1992- Huanglong Scenic and Historic Interest Area / Région d'intérêt
panoramique et historique de Huanglong (Criterion vii)
Brief description
Situated in the north-west of Sichaun Province, the Huanglong valley is made up of snow-capped
peaks and the easternmost of all the Chinese glaciers. In addition to its mountain landscape, diverse
forest ecosystems can be found, as well as spectacular limestone formations, waterfalls and hot
springs. The area also has a population of endangered animals, including the giant panda and the
Sichuan golden snub-nosed monkey.
Briève description
Dans le nord-ouest de la province du Sichuan, la région de Huanglong comprend des sommets
couverts de neiges éternelles et le glacier chinois situé le plus à l'est. À ses paysages de montagne
s'ajoutent des écosystèmes forestiers très variés, associés à des formations karstiques
spectaculaires, des chutes d'eau et des sources d'eau chaude. La région abrite un certain nombre
d'espèces animales menacées, dont le panda géant et le singe doré à nez camus du Sichuan.
- Bibliography:
1992- Wulingyuan Scenic and Historic Interest Area / Région d'intérêt
panoramique et historique de Wulingyuan (Criterion vii)
Brief description
A spectacular area stretching over more than 26,000 ha in China's Hunan Province, the site is
dominated by more than 3,000 narrow sandstone pillars and peaks, many over 200 m high. Between
the peaks lie ravines and gorges with streams, pools and waterfalls, some 40 caves, and two large
natural bridges. In addition to the striking beauty of the landscape, the region is also noted for the fact
that it is home to a number of endangered plant and animal species.
Briève description
S'étendant sur plus de 26 000 ha dans la province du Hunan, le site est dominé par plus de 3 000
piliers et pics de grès à quartzite dont beaucoup ont plus de 200 m de haut. Il se caractérise aussi par
la présence de torrents, de gorges, d'étangs et d'une quarantaine de grottes, ainsi que de deux très
56
grands ponts naturels. À l'extraordinaire beauté des paysages s'ajoute le fait que la région abrite un
certain nombre d'espèces végétales et animales menacées d'extinction.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
1994 - Mountain Resort and its Outlying Temples, Chengde / Résidence de
montagne et temples avoisinants à Chengde (Criteria ii - iv)
Brief description
The Mountain Resort (the Qing dynasty's summer palace), in Hebei Province, was built between 1703
and 1792. It is a vast complex of palaces and administrative and ceremonial buildings. Temples of
various architectural styles and imperial gardens blend harmoniously into a landscape of lakes,
pastureland and forests. In addition to its aesthetic interest, the Mountain Resort is a rare historic
vestige of the final development of feudal society in China.
Briève description
La résidence de montagne, palais d'été de la dynastie Qing dans la province du Hebei, fut construite
de 1703 à 1792. C'est un vaste ensemble de palais et de bâtiments administratifs et cérémoniels, de
temples aux architectures très variées et de jardins impériaux s'intégrant subtilement à un paysage de
lacs, de pâturages et de forêts. Outre son intérêt esthétique, la résidence de montagne est un
témoignage historique précieux sur le développement final de la société féodale en Chine.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
016023 - Chine. Résidence de montagne et temples avoisinants à Chengde. Slides. 20 slides:
col. (eng). Listed as WHC 703 in 1994. List of legends in English and in Chinese.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: World heritage list; natural sites; natural heritage; historic
monuments and sites; China.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: temples; palaces; stone; walls.
// Chengde (China, People's Rep. of)
ACCESSION NO: CN.CHE.08:1-20.
016031 - Chine. Mountain Resort. Slides. x slides: col. (fre). Listed as WHC 703 in 1994.
Slides missing. PRIMARY KEYWORDS: World heritage list; natural sites; natural heritage;
sites; China. // Chengde (China, People's Rep. of)
ACCESSION NO: CN.CHE.11:1- (WHC 703).
016653 - International perspectives in conservation. President ICOMOS: 1990-1999. Silva, Roland; Wijesuriya,
Gamini, editor. ICOMOS Sri Lanka. Colombo, ICOMOS Sri Lanka, 1999. 170 p. (eng). Incl. a selection of speeches
and papers.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: conservation of cultural heritage; international level; cultural tourism; historic towns; world
heritage list; training.
57
// Silva, Roland, Dr // ICOMOS // Mountain resort and its Outlying Temples, Chengde, China (WHC 703) // The Great
Wall, China (WHC 438) // Pisa, Italy (WCH 395) // Venice Charter, 1965
026997 - Periodic Report: Mountain Resort and Its Outlying Temples, Chengde. The Cultural Relics Bureau of the
Chengde City, China. [Paris], [UNESCO], [2003]. 21p. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage convention; world heritage list; periodic reports; temples; religious
architecture; historic monuments; conservation; management; tourists; attendance rate; monitoring; China.
// Mountain Resort and Its Outlying Temples, Chengde, China (WHC 242)
035786 - Tourism: a good servant, but a bad master. Strategies for visitor management at Chengde and Mogao,
China. Agnew, Neville; Altenburg, Kirsty; Demas, Martha; Sullivan, Sharon. Burwood, Australia ICOMOS, 2006. p. 1319, illus. (Historic Environment. 9, 2) (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic sites; world heritage list; cultural tourism; tourists; tourism management; master
plans; interpretation; temples; caves; China.
// Mountain Resort and its Outlying Temples, Chengde, China (WHC 703) // Mogao Caves, China (WHC 440)
1994 - Temple and Cemetery of Confucius and the Kong Family Mansion in
Qufu / Temple et cimetière de Confucius et résidence de la famille Kong à Qufu
(Criteria i - iv - vi)
Brief description
The temple, cemetery and family mansion of Confucius, the great philosopher, politician and educator
of the 6thŔ5th centuries B.C., are located at Qufu, in Shandong Province. Built to commemorate him in
478 B.C., the temple has been destroyed and reconstructed over the centuries; today it comprises
more than 100 buildings. The cemetery contains Confucius' tomb and the remains of more than
100,000 of his descendants. The small house of the Kong family developed into a gigantic aristocratic
residence, of which 152 buildings remain. The Qufu complex of monuments has retained its
outstanding artistic and historic character due to the devotion of successive Chinese emperors over
more than 2,000 years.
Briève description
Le temple, le cimetière et la demeure de famille du grand philosophe, politicien et éducateur Confucius
e
e
(VI -V siècle av. J.-C.), sont situés à Qufu, ville de la province de Shandong. Le temple construit à sa
mémoire en 478 av. J.-C., détruit et reconstruit au cours des siècles, compte aujourd'hui plus de cent
bâtiments. Le cimetière contient les tombes de Confucius et de plus de 100 000 de ses descendants.
La petite maison de la famille Kong est devenue une demeure aristocratique gigantesque dont
subsistent 152 bâtiments. L'ensemble des monuments de Qufu a préservé son exceptionnelle qualité
artistique et historique grâce à la dévotion des empereurs de Chine pendant plus de deux millénaires.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
011200 - Heritage Conservation: East and West. Wei, Chen; Aass, Andreas. Naples, ESI, 1989. p. 3-8, illus. (Icomos
Information. 3) (eng). Incl. comments on the Venice Charter.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: theory of conservation; comparative analysis; Europe; China.
// Acropolis, Athens (Greece) // Confucius Temple Complex, Qufu (China)
026419 - Footprints of Faith. Zhan, Guo. Madrid, San Marcos, UNESCO, 2004. p.22-27, illus. (World Heritage
Review. 36) (same text in eng, fre, spa). Las huellas de la fe. spa. Les empreintes de la foi. fre.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: religious architecture; temples; palaces; world heritage list; China.
58
// Ancient Building Complex in the Wudang Mountains, China (WHC 705) // Historic Ensemble of the Potala Palace,
Lhasa, China (WHC 707) // Temple and Cemetery of Confucius, and the Kong Family Mansion in Qufu, China (WHC
704)
027005 - Periodic Report: Temple and CementerY of Confucius, and the Kong Family Mansion in Qufu. Qufu City
Cultural Relics Administration Committee, China. [Paris], [UNESCO], [2003]. 123p. (eng).
architecture; cemeteries; funerary architecture; conservation; monitoring; management; authenticity; tourists;
attendance rate; China.
// Temple and Cementery of Confucius, and the Kong family Mansion in Qufu, China (WHC 704)
1994 - Ancient Building Complex in the Wudang Mountains / Ensemble de
bâtiments anciens des montagnes de Wudang (Criteria i - ii - vi)
Brief description
The palaces and temples which form the nucleus of this group of secular and religious buildings
exemplify the architectural and artistic achievements of China's Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties.
Situated in the scenic valleys and on the slopes of the Wudang mountains in Hubei Province, the site,
which was built as an organized complex during the Ming dynasty (14thŔ17th centuries), contains
Taoist buildings from as early as the 7th century. It represents the highest standards of Chinese art
and architecture over a period of nearly 1,000 years.
Briève description
Les palais et temples qui constituent le noyau de ce complexe de bâtiments séculaires et religieux
forment une réalisation architecturale et artistique exemplaire de l'époque des dynasties chinoises des
Yuan, Ming et Qing. Les flancs des montagnes de Wudang (province du Hubei) et leurs vallées
panoramiques abritent ce site qui fut construit en tant qu'ensemble organisé pendant la dynastie des
e
e
e
Ming (XIV -XVII siècle) et qui comporte également des bâtiments taoïstes datant du VII siècle.
L'ensemble représente l'apogée de l'architecture et de l'art chinois sur une période d'environ un
millénaire.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
016022 - Chine. Ensemble de bâtiments anciens des montagnes de Wudang. Slides. 32 slides:
col. (eng). Listed as WHC as 705 in 1994. List of legends in English and in Chinese.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: World heritage list; historic sites; historic monuments and sites;
natural sites; China. SECONDARY KEYWORDS: natural heritage.
// Wudang Mountain (China, People's Rep. of)
ACCESSION NO: CN.WUD.07:1-32 (WHC 705).
// Ancient Building Complex in the Wudang Mountains, China (WHC 705) // Historic Ensemble of the Potala Palace,
Lhasa, China (WHC 707) // Temple and Cemetery of Confucius, and the Kong Family Mansion in Qufu, China (WHC
704)
027006 - Periodic Report: Ancient building complex in the Wudang Mountains. The People's Government of
Danjiangkou City, China. [Paris], [UNESCO], [2003]. 63p. (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage convention; world heritage list; periodic reports; historic monuments and sites;
natural heritage; natural sites; conservation; management; monitoring; authenticity; tourists; attendance rate; China.
// Ancient building complex in the Wudang Mountains, China (WHC 705) ACCESSION NO: WHC 705.
59
035047 - Ancient Building Complexes on Wudang Mountain. Famao, Zhang (ed.); Jianhua, Zhu (ed.). Construction
Department of Hubei Province (ed.). Hubei Province, China Architecture
Building Press, 2005. 244 p., illus., maps. (same text in eng, chi).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; mountains; historic monuments; temples; palaces; architectural
ensembles; architectural drawings; architectural details; historical surveys; China.
// Ancient Building Complex in the Wudang Mountains, China (WHC 705)
1994 - Historic Ensemble of the Potala Palace, Lhasa / Ensemble historique du
Palais du Potala, Lhassa (Criteria i - iv - vi)
Brief description
The Potala Palace, winter palace of the Dalai Lama since the 7th century, symbolizes Tibetan
Buddhism and its central role in the traditional administration of Tibet. The complex, comprising the
White and Red Palaces with their ancillary buildings, is built on Red Mountain in the centre of Lhasa
Valley, at an altitude of 3,700m. Also founded in the 7th century, the Jokhang Temple Monastery is an
exceptional Buddhist religious complex. Norbulingka, the Dalai Lama's former summer palace,
constructed in the 18th century, is a masterpiece of Tibetan art. The beauty and originality of the
architecture of these three sites, their rich ornamentation and harmonious integration in a striking
landscape, add to their historic and religious interest.
Briève description
e
Le palais du Potala, palais d'hiver du dalaï-lama depuis le VII siècle, symbolise le bouddhisme
tibétain et son rôle central dans l'administration traditionnelle au Tibet. Le complexe s'élève sur la
Colline rouge au centre de la vallée de Lhasa, à 3 700 m d'altitude. Il comprend le Palais blanc et le
e
Palais rouge, et leurs bâtiments annexes. Fondé également au VII siècle, le monastère du Temple de
Jokhang est un complexe religieux bouddhiste exceptionnel. Norbulingka, le palais d'été du dalaïe
lama, construit au XVIII siècle,
est un chef d'œuvre de l'art tibétain. La beauté et l'originalité de l'architecture de ces trois sites, leur
riche décoration et leur intégration harmonieuse dans un paysage admirable s'ajoutent à leur intérêt
historique et religieux.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
017711 - Potala palace and the Jokhang Temple Monastery, Lhasa. 21 slides : col (same text in eng, chi). From
WHC 707 relisted in 2000 ; 2 pages typescript.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: palaces; monasteries; world heritage list; wall paintings; China.
// Potala palace and the Jokhang Temple Monastery, Lhasa, China (WHC 707 rev)
CALL NO: CH.LHA.26 : 1-21 (WHC 707 rev).
018874 - Extension du Palais du Potala - Norbulingka - Project du monastère du Jokhang à Lhasa: le Norbulingka. 19
slides: col. (same text in chi, eng). From WHC 707 listed in 2001. PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list;
palaces; China.
// Historic Ensemble of the Potala Palace, Norbulingka, Lhasa, China (WHC 707)
CALL NO: CN.POT.30:1-19 (WHC 707).
019260 - The Potala Palace and the Jokhang Temple monastery. 15 min. (eng). From WHC 707 listed in 1994-2000.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; historic monuments; palaces; temples; China.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: video-cassettes.
// The Potala Palace and the Jokhang Temple monastery, China (WHC 707)
CALL NO: V.CN.POT.01 (WHC 707).
60
// Ancient Building Complex in the Wudang Mountains, China (WHC 705) // Historic Ensemble of the Potala
Palace, Lhasa, China (WHC 707) // Temple and Cemetery of Confucius, and the Kong Family Mansion in Qufu, China
(WHC 704)
026995 - Periodic Report: Historic Ensemble of the Potala Palace, Lhasa. Potala Palace Management Office in
Lhasa, Tibet. [Paris], [UNESCO], [2003]. [30p.]. (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage convention; world heritage list; periodic reports; palaces; temples; religious
architecture; historic monuments; conservation; management; monitoring; tourists; attendance rate; China.
// Historic Ensemble of the Potala Palace, Lhasa, China (WHC 707)
028321 - The Lhasa Atlas. Traditional Tibetan Architecture and Townscape. Larsen, Knud; Sinding-Larsen, Amund.
London, Serindia Publications, 2001. 180 p., illus. (eng). Incl. bibl. and index.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic towns; historic monuments; architectural heritage; palaces; temples; Tibet;
conservation; world heritage list.
// Potala Palace in Lhasa, China (WHC 707)
1996 - Lushan National Park / Parc National de Lushan (Criteria ii - iii - iv - vi)
Brief description
Mount Lushan, in Jiangxi, is one of the spiritual centres of Chinese civilization. Buddhist and Taoist
temples, along with landmarks of Confucianism, where the most eminent masters taught, blend
effortlessly into a strikingly beautiful landscape which has inspired countless artists who developed the
aesthetic approach to nature found in Chinese culture.
Briève description
Le site du mont Lushan, dans le Jiangxi, constitue l'un des foyers spirituels de la civilisation chinoise.
Temples bouddhistes et taoïstes et hauts lieux du confucianisme, où enseignèrent les plus grands
maîtres, s'y fondent harmonieusement dans un paysage d'une saisissante beauté dont s'inspirèrent
d'innombrables artistes qui consacrèrent l'approche esthétique de la nature propre à la culture
chinoise.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
017749 - Parc National de Lushan. 37 slides : col (same text in chi, eng). From WHC 778
listed in 1996 ; 1 page typescript.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: natural sites; cultural heritage; world heritage list; temples; national
parks; fauna; villas; maps; China. SECONDARY KEYWORDS: slides. // Lushan National Park,
China (WHC 778)
CALL NO: CN.LUS.12: 1-37 (WHC 778).
019259 - Mt. Lushan. Ministry of Construction of the People's Republic of China.
Ministry of Construction, 1995. 25 min. 40 sec. (eng). From WHC 778 listed in 1996;
VHS PAL SECAM; Subtitles in Chinese.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; national parks; China.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: video-cassettes. // Lushan National Park, China (WHC 778)
CALL NO: V.CN.LUS.01 (WHC 778).
61
1996 - Mount Emei Scenic Area, including Leshan Giant Buddha Scenic Area /
Paysage panoramique du mont Emei, incluant le paysage panoramique du
grand Bouddha de Leshan (Criteria iv - vi - x)
Brief description
The first Buddhist temple in China was built here in Sichuan Province in the 1st century A.D. in the
beautiful surroundings of the summit Mount Emei. The addition of other temples turned the site into
one of Buddhism's holiest sites. Over the centuries, the cultural treasures grew in number. The most
remarkable is the Giant Buddha of Leshan, carved out of a hillside in the 8th century and looking down
on the confluence of three rivers. At 71 m high, it is the largest Buddha in the world. Mount Emei is
also notable for its exceptionally diverse vegetation, ranging from subtropical to subalpine pine forests.
Some of the trees there are more than 1,000 years old.
Briève description
er
C'est ici, dans le paysage d'une grande beauté sur du mont Emei, dans le Sichuan, que fut édifié au I
siècle le premier temple bouddhiste chinois. La multiplication ultérieure des temples fit de ce site l'un
des principaux lieux sacrés du bouddhisme. Au cours des siècles, les trésors culturels s'y
e
accumulèrent, le plus saisissant étant le grand Bouddha de Leshan érigé au VIII siècle. Cette statue
taillée à flanc de colline, qui domine le confluent de trois fleuves de ses 71 m de haut, est la plus
grande statue de Bouddha du monde. Le mont Emei se distingue également par la grande diversité
de sa flore, depuis les zones végétales subtropicales jusqu'aux forêts de conifères subalpines, dont
certains arbres ont plus de 1 000 ans.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
017748 - Paysage panoramique du Mont Emei incluant le paysage panoramique du Grand Bouddha
de Leshan. 26 slides : col (same text in chi, eng). From WHC 779 listed in 1996 ; 1 page
typescript.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: natural sites; cultural heritage; world heritage list; temples; buddhas;
fauna; flowers; rituals; maps; China. SECONDARY KEYWORDS: slides.
// Mont Emei Scenic Area, including Leshan Giant Buddha Scenic Area, China (WHC 779)
CALL NO: CN.EME.13: 1-26 (WHC 779).
019258 - Mt. Emei and Leshan Giant Buddha. Mt. Emei Administration. Emei Shan City, Mt Emei
Administration, 1995. 20 min. (eng). From WHC 779 listed in 1996; VHS PAL SECAM.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; natural heritage; China.
// Mount Emei Scenic Area, including Leshan Giant Buddha Scenic Area, China (WHC 779)
CALL NO: V.CN.EME.01 (WHC 779).
62
1997- Old Town of Lijiang / Vieille ville de Lijiang (Criteria ii - iv - v)
Brief description
The Old Town of Lijiang, which is perfectly adapted to the uneven topography of this key commercial
and strategic site, has retained a historic townscape of high quality and authenticity. Its architecture is
noteworthy for the blending of elements from several cultures that have come together over many
centuries. Lijiang also possesses an ancient water-supply system of great complexity and ingenuity
that still functions effectively today.
Briève description
La vieille ville de Lijiang, harmonieusement adaptée à la topographie irrégulière de ce site commercial
et stratégique clé, a conservé un paysage urbain historique de grande qualité et éminemment
authentique. Son architecture est remarquable par l'association d'éléments de plusieurs cultures
réunies durant de nombreux siècles. Lijiang possède également un système d'alimentation en eau
extrêmement complexe et ingénieux qui fonctionne toujours efficacement.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
019701 - Post-earthquake reconstruction and urban heritage conservation in Lujiang.
Sabini, Maurizio; Ebbe, Katrinka. Washington, The World Bank, 2001. p. 102-114, illus.
(eng). In: "Historic cities and sacred sites. Cultural roots for urban futures".
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: earthquake damage; post-disaster situation; world heritage list;
reconstruction; conservation of historic towns; tourism management; China.
// Old City of Lijiand, China (WHC 811)
019423 - Earthquake reconstruction and heritage conservation. Case study: Lijiang, China. Ebbe, Katrinka; Hankey,
Donald. The World Bank. Washington, The World Bank, 2000. 49 p., illus. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: natural disasters; earthquake damage; historic towns; conservation; cultural tourism; world
heritage list; China.
// Old town of Lijiang, China (WHC 811)
ACCESSION NO: 14259. CALL NO: Se. 271.
026423 - Ancient Chinese Cities and Towns. Jing-Hui, Wang; Shuang, Fu. Madrid, San Marcos, UNESCO, 2004.
p.48-53, illus. (World Heritage Review. 36) (same text in eng, fre, spa). Antiguas ciudades y pueblos Chinos. spa.
Anciennes cités et villes Chinoises. fre.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic towns; world heritage list; China.
// Ancient City of Ping Yao, China (WHC 812) // Ancient Villages in Southern Anhui-Xidi and Hongcun, China (WHC
1002) // Old Town of Lijiang, China (WHC 811)
026948 - Macao's cultural significance and vision : are they, or can they be, compatible ? Lamarca, Ferdinand J.
Macao, Cultural Institute of Macao, 2004. p. 71-84, illus. In: "The conservation of urban heritage : Macao vision" (eng).
Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: cultural significance; world heritage list; management; cultural tourism; tourism management;
sustainable development; Macao.
// Bhakpatur, Nepal // Hahoe, South Korea // Sacred city of Kandi, Kandi, Sri Lanka (WHC 450) // Hoi An ancient town,
Viet Nam (WHC 948) // Old town of Lijiang, China (WHC 811) // Melaka, Malaysia // Historic town of Vigan, Philippines
(WHC 502)
ACCESSION NO: 14879. CALL NO: V.H. 1439. ISBN: 99937-0-058-4.
028262 - Conserving the comprehensive image of natural settings for world heritage sites: a case study of the
Yulongxueshan Snow Mountain as the Landmark for the Old Town of Lijiang. Tianxin, Zhang; Takayoshi, Yamamura;
Yosuke, Fujiki. Xi'an, World Publishing Corporation, 2005. p. 231-237. In: "Proceedings of the ICOMOS 15th General
Assembly and Scientific Symposium. Volume 1" (eng). Incl. bibl. and abstract.
63
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: natural sites; historic towns; setting; world heritage list; conservation; management; China;
conservation areas.
// Yulongxueshan Snow Mountain, China // Old Town of Lijiang, China (WHC 811)
029135 - The impact of tourism on core area and buffer zone : heritage management in the old town of Lijiang, China.
Li, Fan; Yong, Shao. Xi'an, World Publishing Corporation, 2005. p. 717-727, illus. In: "Proceedings of the ICOMOS
15th General Assembly and Scientific Symposium. Volume 2" (eng). Incl. bibl. and abstract.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic towns; setting; historic town centres; buffer zones; tourists; tourism management;
world heritage list; China; conservation; cultural tourism
// Old Town of Lijiang, China (WHC 811)
029157 - How to conserve the Old Town of Lijiang and its settings. Zhao, Zhongshu. Xi'an, World Publishing
Corporation, 2005. p. 820-834, illus., plans, maps. In: "Proceedings of the ICOMOS 15th General Assembly and
Scientific Symposium. Volume 2" (eng). Incl. bibl. and abstract.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic towns; historic town centres; world heritage list; conservation; conservation of
historic towns; setting; development planning; enhancement; China.
// Old Town of Lijiang, China (WHC 811)
033196 - Master conservation plan as a contribution to Heritage Management in China - A case study of the Old Town
of Lijiang. Li, Fan. Bonn, German Commission for UNESCO, 2007. p. 144-149. In: "Training strategies for World
Heritage Management" (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: conservation plans; master plans; management plans; education; heritage managers;
historic towns; world heritage list; China.
// Lijiang, Yunnan, China (WHC 811)
035180 - The process of tourism development and the influence of tourism on the historic heritage in Lijiang, Yunnan,
China. Kidokoro, T.; Onishi, T.; Yamamura, T. Istanbul, Yildiz Technical University, 2001. p. 1015-1024, illus. In:
"Studies in ancient structures. Proceedings of the 2nd International Congress. Istanbul (Turkey), July 9-13, 2001"
(eng). Incl. bibl. and abstract.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic towns; world heritage list; historic monuments; social changes; houses; tourists;
tourism; cultural tourism; impact; tourism management; private ownership; case studies; China.
// Old town of Lijiang, China (WHC 811)
ACCESSION NO: 15201-4. ISBN: 975-461-303-6.
1997- Ancient City of Ping Yao / Vieille ville de Ping Yao (Criteria ii - iii - iv)
Brief description
Ping Yao is an exceptionally well-preserved example of a traditional Han Chinese city, founded in the
14th century. Its urban fabric shows the evolution of architectural styles and town planning in Imperial
China over five centuries. Of special interest are the imposing buildings associated with banking, for
which Ping Yao was the major centre for the whole of China in the 19th and early 20th centuries.
Briève description
Ping Yao est un exemple exceptionnellement bien préservé de cité chinoise Han traditionnelle fondée
e
au XIV siècle. Son tissu urbain est l'exemple même de l'évolution des styles architecturaux et de
l'urbanisme en Chine impériale durant cinq siècles. Les imposants édifices liés à l'activité bancaire
sont particulièrement intéressants et rappellent que Ping Yao fut le plus grand centre bancaire de
e
e
toute la Chine au XIX siècle et au début du XX siècle.
64
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
019255 - Ancient city of Ping Yao. anon. Shan Xi, Ministry of Construction, 1996. 18 min. (eng). From WHC 812
listed in 1997; VHS PAL SECAM.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; historic towns; China.
// Ancient city of Ping Yao, China (WHC 812)
CALL NO: V.CN.PIN.01 (WHC 812).
1997 - Classical Gardens of Suzhou / Jardins classiques de Suzhou
(Criteria i - ii - iii - iv - v)
Brief description
Classical Chinese garden design, which seeks to recreate natural landscapes in miniature, is nowhere
better illustrated than in the nine gardens in the historic city of Suzhou. They are generally
acknowledged to be masterpieces of the genre. Dating from the 11th-19th century, the gardens reflect
the profound metaphysical importance of natural beauty in Chinese culture in their meticulous design.
Briève description
Le paysagisme classique chinois, qui cherche à recréer des paysages naturels en miniature, est
représenté de façon exceptionnelle dans les neuf jardins de la ville historique de Suzhou,
e
e
universellement reconnus comme étant des chefs-d'œuvre du genre. Aménagés du XI au XIX siècle,
ils reflètent dans leur conception méticuleuse la grande importance métaphysique de la beauté
naturelle dans la culture chinoise.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
017110 - L'âme des jardins de Suzhou. Wenfu, Lu. Paris, UNESCO, 2000. p.20-22, illus.
(Le courrier de l'UNESCO. Décembre 2000) (fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; historic gardens; China.
// Classical gardens of Suzhou, China (WHC 813)
017710 - Classical gardens of Suzhou. 6 slides : col (eng). From WHC 813 relisted in 2000;
legends on the slides.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic gardens; world heritage list; China.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: slides. // Classical gardens of Suzhou, China (WHC 813 rev)
CALL NO: CH.SUZ.25 : 1-6 (WHC 813 rev).
018603 - Classical gardens of Suzhou. Jonathan, Philippe. Madrid, UNESCO, 1999. p. 4-15,
illus., maps (World Heritage Review. 13, 1999) (same text in eng, fre, spa).
Jardins classiques de Suzhou. fre. Jardines clásicos de Suzhou. spa.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic gardens; world heritage list; chinese gardens; China.
// Classical Gardens of Suzhou, China (WHC 813)
65
019255 - Classical gardens of Suzhou. Ministry of Construction of the People Republic of
China. State of Cultural Relics and Ministry of Construction of the People Republic of
China, [1997]. 8 min. 30 sec. (eng). From WHC 813 listed in 1997-2000; VHS PAL SECAM.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; historic gardens; China.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: video-cassettes. // Classical gardens of Suzhou, China (WHC 813)
CALL NO: V.CN.SUZ.01 (WHC 813).
027249 - The making and remaking of Cang Lang Ting. Attitudes towards the past evinced in the history of a garden
site in Suzhou. Xu, Yinong. Firenze, Leo S. Olschki, 2005. p. 3-62, illus., plans. In: "Histories of garden conservation"
(eng). Incl. abstract in Italian.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic gardens; chinese gardens; restoration; historical surveys; China.
// Cang Lang Ting, Suzhou, China
ACCESSION NO: 14912. CALL NO: J.H. 337. ISBN: 88-222-5430-9.
028354 - The classifical gardens of Suzhou, the world heritage. Anon. [2000]. 47p., illus. (same text in eng, chi).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic gardens; world heritage list; historic monuments; furniture; China.
// Classical gardens of Suzhou, China (WHC 813)
ACCESSION NO: 15059. CALL NO: J.H.340. ISBN: 7-5426-1327-8.
032699 - Boundaries, centres and peripheries in Chinese gardens: A case of Suzhou in the eleventh century. Xu,
Yinong. London, Philadelphia, Taylor and Francis, 2004. p. 21-37, plans. (Studies in the history of gardens and
designed landscapes. 24, 1) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic gardens; chinese gardens; historical surveys; concepts; China.
// Suzhou, China
ACCESSION NO: 15568. CALL NO: J.H.346. ISSN: 1460-1176.
1998 - Summer Palace, an Imperial Garden in Beijing / Palais d'été, Jardin
impérial de Beijing (Criteria i - ii - iii)
Brief description
The Summer Palace in Beijing Ŕ first built in 1750, largely destroyed in the war of 1860 and restored
on its original foundations in 1886 Ŕ is a masterpiece of Chinese landscape garden design. The
natural landscape of hills and open water is combined with artificial features such as pavilions, halls,
palaces, temples and bridges to form a harmonious ensemble of outstanding aesthetic value.
Briève description
Le palais d'Été de Beijing, créé en 1750, détruit en grande partie au cours de la guerre de 1860, puis
restauré sur ses fondations d'origine en 1886, est un chef-d'œuvre de l'art des jardins paysagers
chinois. Il intègre le paysage naturel des collines et des plans d'eau à des éléments de fabrication
humaine tels que pavillons, salles, palais, temples et ponts, pour en faire un ensemble harmonieux et
exceptionnel du point de vue esthétique.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
ACCESSION NO: 9811.
016858 - Palais d'été, jardin impérial de Beijing. 25 slides: col. (same text in chi, eng). From WHC 880 listed in 1998.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; palaces; historic gardens; historic monuments and sites; bridges;
pagodas; China. SECONDARY KEYWORDS: slides.
// Summer Palace and Imperial Garden in Beijing, China (WHC 880) CALL NO: CH.BEI.16:1-25 (WHC 880).
66
016859 - Temple du ciel, autel sacrificiel impérial à Beijing. 18 slides: col. (same text in chi, eng). From WHC 881
listed in 1998.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; temples; altars; China.
// Temple of Heaven and Imperial Sacrificial Altar in Beijing, China (WHC 881)
CALL NO: CH.BEI.17:1-18 (WHC 881).
019254 - The Summer Palace. Summer Palace Administration Office. Summer Palace Administration Office, [1998].
12 min. 30 sec. (same text in eng, chi). From WHC 880 listed in 1998; VHS PAL SECAM.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; palaces; historic gardens; China.
// Summer Palace. An imperial garden in Beijing, China (WHC 880)
CALL NO: V.CN.SUM.01 (WHC 880).
021333 - Case Study Beijing. Kong, Fanzhi. Québec, OVPM, 1996. p. 117-121. (eng). In: "Proceedings of the 3rd
International Symposium of World Heritage Cities, Bergen, June 28-30, 1995".
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic towns; protection of historic towns; cultural tourism; world heritage list; China.
// Summer Palace, an Imperial Garden in Beijing, China (WHC 880)
ACCESSION NO: 13259. CALL NO: V.H. 1289. ISBN: 2-9804-190-0-1.
1998 - Temple of Heaven: an Imperial Sacrificial Altar in Beijing / Temple du
Ciel, autel sacrificiel impérial à Beijing (Criteria i - ii - iii)
Brief description
The Temple of Heaven, founded in the first half of the 15th century, is a dignified complex of fine cult
buildings set in gardens and surrounded by historic pine woods. In its overall layout and that of its
individual buildings, it symbolizes the relationship between earth and heaven Ŕ the human world and
God's world Ŕ which stands at the heart of Chinese cosmogony, and also the special role played by
the emperors within that relationship.
Briève description
e
Fondé dans la première moitié du XV siècle, le temple du Ciel forme un ensemble majestueux de
bâtiments dédiés au culte, situés dans des jardins et entourés de pinèdes historiques. Son
agencement global, comme celui de chaque édifice, symbolise la relation entre le ciel et la terre Ŕ le
monde humain et le monde divin Ŕ essence de la cosmogonie chinoise, ainsi que le rôle particulier
des empereurs dans cette relation.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
ACCESSION NO: 9811.
016859 - Temple du ciel, autel sacrificiel impérial à Beijing. 18 slides: col. (same text in chi, eng). From WHC 881
listed in 1998.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; temples; altars; China.
// Temple of Heaven and Imperial Sacrificial Altar in Beijing, China (WHC 881)
CALL NO: CH.BEI.17:1-18 (WHC 881).
67
1999 - Mount Wuyi / Mont Wuyi (Criteria iii - vi - vii - x)
Brief description
Mount Wuyi is the most outstanding area for biodiversity conservation in south-east China and a
refuge for a large number of ancient, relict species, many of them endemic to China. The serene
beauty of the dramatic gorges of the Nine Bend River, with its numerous temples and monasteries,
many now in ruins, provided the setting for the development and spread of neo-Confucianism, which
has been influential in the cultures of East Asia since the 11th century. In the 1st century B.C. a large
administrative capital was built at nearby Chengcun by the Han dynasty rulers. Its massive walls
enclose an archaeological site of great significance.
Briève description
La région du mont Wuyi est considérée comme la plus exceptionnelle pour la conservation de la
biodiversité dans le sud-est de la Chine. C'est un refuge pour bon nombre d'espèces réliques, dont
beaucoup sont endémiques de la Chine. La beauté sereine des gorges spectaculaires de la rivière
aux Neuf Coudes avec ses nombreux temples et monastères Ŕ dont plusieurs sont en ruine Ŕ a été le
cadre du développement du néo-confucianisme qui s'est répandu et a fortement influencé les cultures
e
er
d'Asie orientale à partir du XI siècle. Au I siècle av. J.-C., la localité voisine de Chengcun a été une
grande capitale administrative, construite par la dynastie Han. Derrière ses murailles massives se
trouve un site archéologique de grande importance.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
016860 - Mont Wuyi. 64 slides: col. (same text in chi, eng). From WHC 911 listed in 1999.
4 pages typescript.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; natural sites; cultural landscapes; vegetation;
animals; China. SECONDARY KEYWORDS: slides. // Mont Wuyi, China (WHC 911)
CALL NO: CH.WUY.18:1-64 (WHC 911).
1999 - Dazu Rock Carvings / Sculptures rupestres de Dazu (Criteria i - ii - iii)
Brief description
The steep hillsides of the Dazu area contain an exceptional series of rock carvings dating from the 9th
68
to the 13th century. They are remarkable for their aesthetic quality, their rich diversity of subject
matter, both secular and religious, and the light that they shed on everyday life in China during this
period. They provide outstanding evidence of the harmonious synthesis of Buddhism, Taoism and
Confucianism.
Briève description
Les montagnes abruptes de la région de Dazu abritent une série exceptionnelle de sculptures
e
e
rupestres datant du IX au XIII siècle. Celles-ci sont remarquables à plusieurs égards : leur grande
qualité esthétique, la richesse de leurs sujets, tant séculiers que religieux, et l'éclairage qu'elles
portent sur la vie quotidienne en Chine à cette époque. Elles témoignent aussi de façon éclatante de
la fusion harmonieuse du bouddhisme, du taoïsme et du confucianisme.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
016861 - Sculptures rupestres de Dazu. 30 slides: col. (same text in chi, eng). From WHC 912 listed in 1999. 15
pages typescript.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; rock art sites; rock cut reliefs; sculptures; China.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: slides. // Dazu Rock carvings, China (WHC 912)
CALL NO: CH.DAZ.1:1-30 (WHC 912).
018781 - Dazu Grottoes. Zhan, Guo. Madrid, UNESCO, 2001. p. 68-79, illus., maps. (World Heritage. 22) (same text
in eng, spa). Las grutas de Dazu. spa.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: rock art sites; world heritage list; world heritage list; grottoes;
rock cut reliefs; sculptures; buddhas; China.
// Dazu rock carvings, China (WHC 912)
019252 - Dazu rock carvings. Art Museum of Dazu. Changqing, Art Museum of Dazu, [1999]. 11 min. 45 sec. (eng).
From WHC 912 listed in 1999; VHS.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; rock art sites; rock cut reliefs; China.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: video-cassettes. // Dazu rock carvings, China (WHC 912)
CALL NO: V.CN.DAZ.01 (WHC 912).
2000 - Mount Qingcheng and the Dujiangyan Irrigation System / Mont
Qingcheng et système d’irrigation de Dujiangyan (Criteria ii - iv - vi)
Brief description
Construction of the Dujiangyan irrigation system began in the 3rd century B.C. This system still
controls the waters of the Minjiang River and distributes it to the fertile farmland of the Chengdu plains.
Mount Qingcheng was the birthplace of Taoism, which is celebrated in a series of ancient temples.
Briève description
e
La construction du système d'irrigation de Dujiangyan a commencé au III siècle av. J.-C. Le système
continue de réguler les eaux de la rivière Minjiang et de les distribuer sur les terres fertiles des plaines
de Chengdu. Le Mont Qingcheng est le berceau du taoïsme qui est célébré par une série de temples
anciens.
69
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
017706 - Qingcheng and the Dujiangyan irrigation System. 41 slides : col (same text in eng, chi). From WHC 1001
listed in 2000 ; 2 pages typescript.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: irrigation canals; waterways; world heritage list; China.
// Qingcheng and the Dujiangyan irrigation System, China (WHC 1001)
CALL NO: CH.QIN.21 : 1-41 (WHC 1001).
019225 - Mt. Qingcheng and the Dujiangyan Irrigations System. Construction Ministry of the People Republic of China
, [2000]. 12 min. 25 seconds , 3copies. (same text in chi, eng). From WHC N/C 1001 listed in 2000; VHS PAL
SECAM, BETACAM SP.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; irrigation canals; china.
// Mount Qingcheng and the Dujiangyan Irrigations System, China (WHC N/C 1001)
ACCESSION NO: V.CN.QIN.01 (WHC 1001).
026427 - Mount Qingcheng/Dujiangyan Irrigation System. An example of harmony between humanity and nature.
Dujiang Yan World Heritage Administration Office. Madrid, San Marcos, UNESCO, 2004. p62-64, illus. (World
Heritage Review. 36) (same text in eng, fre, spa). El Monte Qingcheng/ sistema de irigación de Dujiangyan. Un
ejemplo de armonía entre el hombre y la naturaleza. spa. Mont Qingcheng et systéme d'irrigation de Dujiangyan.
Exemple d'harmonie entre l'être humain et la nature. fre.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: natural heritage; mountains; water; dams; rivers; world heritage list; China.
// Mount Qincheng and the Dujiangyan Irrigation System, China (WHC 1001)
2000 - Ancient Villages in Southern Anhui - Xidi and Hongcun / Anciens
villages du sud du Anhui – Xidi et Hongcun (Criteria iii - iv - v)
Brief description
The two traditional villages of Xidi and Hongcun preserve to a remarkable extent the appearance of
non-urban settlements of a type that largely disappeared or was transformed during the last century.
Their street plan, their architecture and decoration, and the integration of houses with comprehensive
water systems are unique surviving examples.
Briève description
Les deux villages traditionnels de Xidi et de Hongcun ont conservé à un degré remarquable l'aspect
propre aux peuplements non urbains qui, pour la plupart, ont disparu ou se sont transformés au cours
du dernier siècle. Le tracé des rues, leur architecture et leur décoration, ainsi que l'intégration des
maisons dans un vaste réseau d'alimentation d'eau, sont des vestiges uniques.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
017707 - Ancient villages in southern Anhui-Xidi and Hongcun. 49 slides : col (eng). From WHC 1002 listed in 2000 ;
2 pages typescript.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: villages; ancient architecture; world heritage list; vernacular architecture; China.
// Ancient villages in southern Anhui-Xidi and Hongcun, China (WHC 1002)
CALL NO: CH.ANH.22 : 1-49 (WHC 1002).
019226 - Ancient villages in Southern Anhui-Xidi and Hongcun. Ministry of Construction of the People's Republic of
China - and - National Administration of Cultural Heritage. [2000]. 16 min. 15 seconds. (eng). From WHC 1002 listed
in 2000; VHS pal secam.
70
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; villages; china.
// Ancien villages in Southern Anhui-Xidi and Hongcun, China (WHC 1002)
ACCESSION NO: V.CN.ANH.01 (WHC 1002).
2000- Longmen Grottoes / Grottes de Longmen (Criteria i - ii - iii)
Brief description
The grottoes and niches of Longmen contain the largest and most impressive collection of Chinese art
of the late Northern Wei and Tang Dynasties (316-907). These works, entirely devoted to the Buddhist
religion, represent the high point of Chinese stone carving.
Briève description
Les grottes et niches de Longmen abritent le plus grand et le plus impressionnant ensemble d'œuvres
d'art chinoises des dynasties des Wei du Nord et Tang (316 - 907). Ces œuvres, dont les sujets
touchent exclusivement à la religion bouddhiste, représentent l'apogée de l'art chinois de la sculpture
sur pierre.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
017708 - Longmen Grottoes. 41 slides : col (same text in eng, chi). From WHC 1003 listed in 2000 ; 5 pages
typescript.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: grottoes; world heritage list; stone carving; buddhist architecture; buddhas; sculptures;
China. SECONDARY KEYWORDS: slides.
// Longmen Grottoes, China (WHC 1003)
CALL NO: CH.LON.23 : 1-41 (WHC 1003).
019223 - Longmen grottoes. [2000]. 16 min. (eng). From WHC 1003 listed in 2000; VHS Pal Secam.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; grottoes; stone carving; sculptures; buddhas; china.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: video-cassettes. // Longmen grottoes, China (WHC 1003)
ACCESSION NO: V.CN.LONG.01 (WHC 1003).
71
2000 - Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties / Tombes impériales des
dynasties Ming et Qing (Criteria i - ii - iii - iv - vi)
Brief description
The Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties are four groups of tombs in four provinces of
eastern China. The tombs, designed in keeping with the Chinese principles of geomancy (feng-shui),
provide outstanding evidence of Chinese beliefs and traditions from the 14th century onwards and are
significant examples of architecture and applied arts from that period.
Briève description
Les tombes impériales des dynasties Ming et Qing sont réparties en quatre ensembles de tombes
dans quatre provinces de la Chine orientale. Conçues selon les préceptes de la géomancie chinoise
(Fengshui), ces tombes demeurent un témoignage exceptionnel des croyances et traditions chinoises
e
depuis le XIV siècle et sont des exemples inestimables de l‟architecture et des arts appliqués de cette
époque.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
013465 - Imperial Palace of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. (s.l.),, (s.n.),, (s.d.). 50 slides: col. 1p. typescript. (eng).
Listed as WHC 439 in 1987. Accompanying material: legends. Slides nos. 6, 11, 42, 45 missing from series. 6
additional slides included without legend information.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; palaces; interior architecture; historic gardens; China.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: ceilings; walls; finishings; stone carving; roofs; furniture; ditches; buddhist architecture;
gates; squares; slides.
// Imperial Palace of the Ming and Qing Dynasties (China)
CALL NO: CN.PAL.04:1-50. (restricted).
017709 - Imperial tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. 19 slides : col (same text in eng, chi). From WHC 1004
listed in 2000 ; 1 page typescript.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: tombs; world heritage list; stone; temples; statues; China.
// Imperial tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, China (WHC 1004)
CALL NO: CH.TOM.24 : 1-19 (WHC 1004).
017712 - Imperial tombs of the Ming and the Qing Dynasties. 16 slides : col (same text in eng, chi). From WHC 1004
listed in 2000 ; 7 pages typescript.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: tombs; world heritage list; stone carving; China.
// Imperial tombs of the Ming and the Qing Dynasties, China (WHC 1004)
CALL NO: CH.TOM.27 : 1-16 (WHC 1004).
019262 - The Eastern Qing Tombs. 1999. 11 min. (chi). From WHC 1004 listed in 2000; VHS.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; tombs; China.
// Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, China (WHC 1004)
CALL NO: V.CN.MIN.01 (WHC 1004).
019263 - The China's Western Imperial Tombs of the Qing Dynasty. Relics Administrative Office of the Western
Imperial Tombs of Qing Dynasty, 1999. 17 min. (eng). From WHC 1004 listed in 2000; VHS.
019264 - The Xian Mausoleum - A distinctive Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty. Zhongxiang City, Cultural Relics of
Xian Mausoleum, 1999. 15 min. (chi). From WHC 1004 listed in 2000; VHS.
72
CALL NO: V.CN.MIN.03 (WHC 1004).
021456 - Tombes impériales des dynasties Ming et Qing. 45 slides: col. (eng). From WHC 1004 bis listed in 2003.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: tombs; world heritage list; China.
// Imperial tombs of the Ming and Qing dynasties, Chine (WHC 1004 bis)
2001 - Yungang Grottoes / Grottes de Yungang (Criteria i - ii - iii - iv)
Brief description
The Yungang Grottoes, in Datong city, Shanxi Province, with their 252 caves and 51,000 statues,
represent the outstanding achievement of Buddhist cave art in China in the 5th and 6th centuries. The
Five Caves created by Tan Yao, with their strict unity of layout and design, constitute a classical
masterpiece of the first peak of Chinese Buddhist art.
Briève description
Les grottes de Yungang, à Datong, province du Shanxi, avec leurs 252 grottes et leurs 51 000
e
statues, représentent une réussite exceptionnelle de l'art rupestre bouddhique en Chine au V et au
e
VI siècle. Les Cinq Grottes, réalisées par Tan Yao avec une stricte unité du plan et de la conception,
sont un chef d'œuvre classique de la première apogée de l'art rupestre bouddhique en Chine.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
011147 - Conservation of Buddhist Sites in China. Marina del Rey, Getty Conservation Institute, 1989. p. 1-3, illus.
(The Getty Conservation Institute Newsletter. 4, 1) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic sites; buddhist architecture; grottoes; restoration projects; China.
// Mogao Grottoes (China) // Yungang Grottoes (China)
019224 - Yungang Grottoes. Shanxi , Institute of Shanxi , [2001]. 13 min. 50 seconds. (eng). From WHC 1039 listed in
2001; VHS.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; grottoes; sculptures; buddhas; china.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: video-cassettes. // Yungang grottoes, China (WHC 1039)
ACCESSION NO: V.CN.YUN.01 (WHC 1039).
028286 - Distinctive setting and underground conservation: zone of Yungang Grottoes, Datong, China. Meng,
Fanxing. Xi'an, World Publishing Corporation, 2005. p.398-410, illus. In: "Proceedings of the ICOMOS 15th General
Assembly and Scientific Symposium. Volume 1" (eng). Incl.abstract.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: grottoes; historic sites; world heritage list; conservation measures; vibrations; vibration
measurements; geological features; cultural heritage at risk; China.
// Yungang Grottoes, China (WHC 1039)
ACCESSION NO: 15017. ISBN: 7-5062-7372-1. URL: http://www.international.icomos.org/xian2005/papers/2-24.pdf
73
2003 - Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan Protected Areas / Aires protégées des
trois fleuves parallèls au Yunnan (Criteria vii - viii - ix - x)
Brief description
Consisting of eight geographical clusters of protected areas within the boundaries of the Three Parallel
Rivers National Park, in the mountainous north-west of Yunnan Province, the 1.7 million hectare site
features sections of the upper reaches of three of the great rivers of Asia: the Yangtze (Jinsha),
Mekong and Salween run roughly parallel, north to south, through steep gorges which, in places, are
3,000 m deep and are bordered by glaciated peaks more than 6,000 m high. The site is an epicentre
of Chinese biodiversity. It is also one of the richest temperate regions of the world in terms of
biodiversity.
Briève description
Composé de huit groupes d‟aires protégées contenues dans le Parc national des trois fleuves
parallèles, dans le nord-ouest montagneux de la province du Yunnan, ce site de 1,7 million d‟hectares
comprend des secteurs du cours supérieur de trois des grands fleuves d‟Asie : le Yangtze, le Mékong
et le Salouen. Ces fleuves coulent pratiquement en parallèle, du nord vers le sud, à travers des
gorges vertigineuses qui peuvent atteindre 3 000 mètres de profondeur et sont bordés de hauts
sommets dont les pics glacés dépassent 6 000 mètres. Cette région tempérée est la plus riche du
monde en diversité biologique, et elle est également un épicentre de la biodiversité en Chine.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
2004 - Capital Cities and Tombs of the Ancient Koguryo Kingdom / Capitales et
tombes de l’ancien royaume de Koguryo (Criteria i - ii - iii - iv - v)
Brief description
The site includes archaeological remains of three cities and 40 tombs: Wunu Mountain City, Guonei
City and Wandu Mountain City, 14 tombs are imperial, 26 of nobles. All belong to the Koguryo culture,
named after the dynasty that ruled over parts of northern China and the northern half of the Korean
Peninsula from 37 BC to 668 AD. Wunu Mountain City is only partly excavated. Guonei City, within the
74
modern city of Ji‟an, played the role of a supporting capital after the main Koguryo capital moved to
Pyongyang. Wandu Mountain City, one of the capitals of the Koguryo Kingdom, contains many
vestiges including a large palace and 37 tombs. Some of the tombs have elaborate ceilings, designed
to roof wide spaces without columns and carry the heavy load of a stone or earth tumulus (mound)
which was placed above them.
Briève description
Ce site comprend les vestiges archéologiques de 3 villes et 40 tombeaux : la ville de montagne de
Wunu, la ville de Guonei et la ville de montagne de Wandu , 14 tombeaux impériaux et 26 tombeaux
de nobles. Tous appartiennent à la culture Koguryo qui doit son nom à la dynastie qui régna sur une
partie de la Chine septentrionale et sur la moitié septentrionale de la péninsule coréenne entre 37
avant J.C. et 668 après J.C.. La ville de montagne de Wunu n‟a été que partiellement dégagée par les
fouilles. La ville de Guonei, située sur le territoire de la ville moderne de Ji-an, joua le rôle de capitale
secondaire après le transfert de la capitale principale de Koguryo à Pyongyang. La ville de montagne
de Wandu, l‟une des capitales du royaume de Koguryo, contient de nombreux vestiges dont un vaste
palais et 37 tombeaux. Certains tombeaux renferment des plafonds à l‟architecture savante, conçus
pour coiffer de vastes espaces sans colonnes et supporter la lourde dalle de pierre ou le tertre qui les
surmontait.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
016225 - Conservation of mural paintings and historical sites. Operational action for the safeguarding of the
immovable cultural heritage and its reintegration into modern life. Lujan, R. Unesco. Paris, Unesco, 1991. 73 p., illus.
(eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: wall paintings; funerary architecture; tombs; conservation plans; Korea.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: conservation. // Pyongyang Koguryo Dynasty's tombs, Korea
021460 - Capital Cities, Imperial Tombs and Nobles Tombs of Koguryo. The State Administration of Cultural Heritage
of the People's Republic of China. [Koguryo]. 40 p., illus., plans. (same text in eng, chi).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: tombs; wall paintings; archaeological remains; China. // Koguryo, China
024452 - Ensemble des tombes de Koguryo. 120 slides: col. (eng). From WHC 1091 listed in 2004.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; tombs; wall paintings; Korea DPR.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: slides. // Complex of Koguryo tombs, Korea DPR (WHC 1091)
CALL NO: KP.KOG.02.1-120 (WHC 1091).
024464 - Capital cities, imperial tombs and Noble's tombs of Koguryo. 71 slides: col. (same text in eng, chi). Capitales
et tombes de l'ancien royaume Koguryo. fre. From WHC 1135 listed in 2004.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; tombs; archaeological finds; wall paintings; China.
// Capital cities, imperial tombs and noble's tombs of Koguryo, China (WHC 1135)
CALL NO: CN.KOG.34.1-71 (WHC 1135).
024465 - Imperial palaces of the Ming and Qing dynasties in Beijing and Shenyang. 60 slides: col. (same text in eng,
chi). Palais impérial des dynasties Ming et Qing à Shenyang. fre. From WHC 439 bis listed in 2004.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; palaces; China.
// Capital cities, imperial tombs and noble's tombs of Koguryo, China (WHC 439 bis)
026807 - Scientific research, human care, sustainable protection : the protection and practice of the Koguryo cultural
heritage sites in Ji'an city, Jilin province China. Li, Hongsong. Seoul, Korean National Committee of ICOMOS, 2004.
p. 185-202. In: "International Symposium : conservation of Koguryo Tombs, Seoul, Korea, October 25-28, 2004"
(eng). Incl. abstract.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: tombs; world heritage list; protection of cultural heritage; scientific research; archaeological
remains; conservation; China.
// Capital cities and tombs of the ancient Koguryo Kingdom, China (WHC 1135)
75
2005 - Historic Centre of Macao / Centre Historique de Macao (Criteria ii - iii - iv - vi)
Brief description
Macao, a lucrative port of strategic importance in the development of international trade, was under
Portuguese administration from the mid 16th century until 1999, when it came under Chinese
sovereignty. With its historic street, residential, religious and public Portuguese and Chinese buildings,
the historic centre of Macao provides a unique testimony to the meeting of aesthetic, cultural,
architectural and technological influences from East and West. The site also contains a fortress and a
lighthouse, which is the oldest in China. The site bears testimony to one of the earliest and longestlasting encounters between China and the West based on the vibrancy of international trade.
Briève description
Macao, riche port marchand d‟une grande importance stratégique dans l‟essor du commerce
international, a été un territoire sous administration portugaise du milieu du XVIe siècle à 1999, date à
laquelle elle passa sous souveraineté chinoise. Avec sa voie principale et ses bâtiments - résidentiels,
religieux ou publics - portugais et chinois, le centre historique de Macao témoigne de la fusion unique
d‟influences esthétiques, culturelles, architecturales et technologiques de l‟Orient et de l‟Occident. Le
site inclut également une forteresse et un phare qui est le plus ancien de Chine. Le site témoigne
d‟une des rencontres les plus anciennes et les plus durables entre la Chine et l‟Occident, sur la base
d‟un commerce international florissant.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
017670 - The Heritage of Macao. I. Four centuries of architectural and urban history. Instituto Cultural of Macao.
Macao, Institute Cultural de Macao, 1998. 378 p., illus, plans, drawings. (Review of Culture. 36-37 (2nd series), 1998)
(eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic towns; trading posts; colonial architecture; archaeological heritage; town planning;
natural environment; Macao.
// Macao
ACCESSION NO: 13962. CALL NO: V.H. 1362. ISSN: 0872-4393.
017674 - Na afirmaçao de uma identidade. Cultural Institute of Macao; Cultural Heritage Department. Macao, Cultural
Institute of Macao, 1998. 89 p., illus, plans. (same text in eng, chi, por). Asserting Institute of Macao. eng. Incl. bibl.
and annexes.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: catalogues; historic towns; colonial architecture; temples; churches; fortified architecture;
town planning; Macao.
// International Symposium on the Culture of Metropolis in Macao. Macao // Macao
ACCESSION NO: 13965. CALL NO: V. H. 1363.
026947 - The conservation of urban heritage : Macao vision. Macao, 10-12 september 2002. The conservation of
urban heritage : Macao vision. Proceedings of the Conference held at the Macao Cultural Centre, Macao Special
Administrative Region, 10-12 september 2002. Lung, David (ed.). Macao, Cultural Institute of Macao, 2004. 218 p.,
illus. (eng). Incl. appendix.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic towns; urban development; conservation.
026948 - Saving the uniqueness of Macao : the melting pot of east and west. Silva, Roland. Macao, Cultural Institute
of Macao, 2004. p. 13-32, plan. In: "The conservation of urban heritage : Macao vision" (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic towns; cultural heritage; town planning; conservation; cultural identity; Macao.
// Macao
026949 - The management of world heritage cities : evolving concepts, new strategies. Engelhardt, Richard. Macao,
Cultural Institute of Macao, 2004. p. 33-48. In: "The conservation of urban heritage : Macao vision" (eng).
76
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic towns; world cultural heritage; management; world heritage convention; economic
and social development; local communities.
// UNESCO // ICCROM
026950 - Cultural significance : the identity of Macao. Cheng, Christina Miu Bing. Macao, Cultural Institute of Macao,
2004. p. 53-69, illus. In: "The conservation of urban heritage : Macao vision" (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: cultural identity; religions; cultural significance; cultural diversity; cultural tourism; Macao.
// Macao
Incl. bibl.
(WHC 502)
026952 - The politics of cultural significance. Baig, Amita. Macao, Cultural Institute of Macao, 2004. p. 85-96, illus. In:
"The conservation of urban heritage : Macao vision" (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: cultural diversity; cultural significance; local communities; Macao.
026953 - Approaches to managing urban transformation for historic cities. Stovel, Herbert. Macao, Cultural Institute of
Macao, 2004. p. 103-120. In: "The conservation of urban heritage : Macao vision" (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic towns; management; conservation of historic towns; world heritage convention;
urban renewal.
026954 - Lessons from world heritage. Pound, Christopher. Macao, Cultural Institute of Macao, 2004. p. 121-134. In:
"The conservation of urban heritage : Macao vision" (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage convention; world heritage list; management; development; conservation; UK.
// City of Bath, London, UK (WHC 428)
026955 - Chinese architecture and the development of architecture in Macao. Liangyong, Wu. Macao, Cultural
Institute of Macao, 2004. p. 135-143, illus. In: "The conservation of urban heritage : Macao vision" (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: architectural heritage; urban development; conservation of architecture; Macao.
// Macao
026956 - From architectural heritage to identity in Singapore. Kiang, Heng Chye. Macao, Cultural Institute of Macao,
2004. p. 145-156. In: "The conservation of urban heritage : Macao vision" (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: cultural identity; urban renewal; urban development; housing; town planning; Singapore.
026957 - Current issues concerning adaptive re-use in the conservation of urban cultural heritage. Pimonsathean,
Yongtanit. Macao, Cultural Institute of Macao, 2004. p. 161-172, illus. In: "The conservation of urban heritage : Macao
vision" (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: urban areas; re-use; conservation areas; conservation of cultural heritage; conversion of
buildings; Macao.
// Macao
026958 - New use - Old fit. Loh, Laurence. Macao, Cultural Institute of Macao, 2004. p. 173-178. In: "The
conservation of urban heritage : Macao vision" (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: re-use; conservation; Malaysia.
// Cheong Fatt Tze Mansion, Penang, Malaysia
026959 - Adaptive re-use : learning from Vancouver. Kalman, Harold. Macao, Cultural Institute of Macao, 2004. p.
179-189. In: "The conservation of urban heritage : Macao vision" (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: re-use; conservation; conversion of buildings; Macao; Canada.
// Vancouver, Canada
027836 - Centro histórico de Macau classificado como Património Mundial. Vizeu Pinheiro, Francisco. Lisboa,
GECoRPA, 2005. p. 17-19, illus., plans. (Pedra e Cal. 28) (por). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic town centres; world heritage list; colonial architecture; Macao; China.
// Historic Centre of Macao, China (WHC 1110)
77
028246 - Macau, an intangible heritage. Brito Correia, Miguel. Xi'an, World Publishing Corporation, 2005. p. 153. In:
"Proceedings of the ICOMOS 15th General Assembly and Scientific Symposium. Volume 1" (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic towns; intangible heritage; China; abstracts.
// Macao, China (WHC 1110)
028322 - Macau Património Mundial / Macao World Heritage. Instituto Cultural do Governo da R.A.E. de Macau.
Macau, Instituto Cultural, 2005. p.6-59, illus. (RC: Revista de Cultura. 15) (same text in por, eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; historic towns; historic town centres; architectural heritage; historic
monuments; churches; fortifications; citadels; cemeteries; Macao; China.
// Historic Centre of Macao, China (WHC 1110)
030853 - Visitor congestion issues for Macao's most popular world heritage tourist attractions. Cros, Hilary du Seoul,
ICOMOS-Korea, 2006. p. 209-219. In: "Impact of mass tourism on historic villages : identifying key indicators of
tourism impact" (eng). Incl. abstract in English and Korean.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic towns; world heritage list; cultural tourism; tourists; tourism management; tourist
industry; visitor flow; sustainable tourism; Macao; China.
// Macao, China (WHC 1110)
032186 - Macao's heritage: a melting pot of cultures. Rito, Carolina. Macau, Macao Special Administrative Region,
2003. p. 4-23, illus. (Macau. 13) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic towns; historic monuments; archaeological heritage; churches; public and civic
architecture; citadels; world heritage list; Macao; China.
// Historic Centre of Macao, Macao, China (WHC 1110)
ACCESSION NO: 15507. CALL NO: VH. 1482. ISSN: 1684-0267.
034451 - A study of the church of the St. Paul in Macao and the transformation of Portuguese architecture.
Nishiyama, Marcelo. Guimarães, Universidade do Minho, 2001. p. 237-245, illus. In: "Historical constructions 2001:
possibilities of numerical and experimental techniques" (eng). Incl. bibl.and abstract.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic monuments; churches; colonial architecture; typology; facades; case studies; Macao;
China.
// St. Paul church, Macao, China
035787 - Sustainable cultural city: risks and opportunities of cultural tourism development in Hong Kong, Macao and
Kaiping. Lung, David P. Y. Burwood, Australia ICOMOS, 2006. p. 20-25, illus. (Historic Environment. 9, 2) (eng). Incl.
bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic towns; cultural tourism; sustainable development; tourism management; sustainable
tourism; case studies; China.
// Hong Kong, Macao, Kaiping, China
2006- Yin Xu / Yin Xu (Criteria ii - iii - iv - vi)
Brief description
The archaeological site of Yin Xu, close to Anyang City, some 500 km south of Beijing, is an ancient
capital city of the late Shang Dynasty (1300 to 1046 BC). It testifies to the golden age of early Chinese
culture, crafts and sciences, a time of great prosperity of the Chinese Bronze Age. A number of royal
tombs and palaces, prototypes of later Chinese architecture, have been unearthed on the site. The
site includes the Palace and Royal Ancestral Shrines Area (1,000m x 650m), with more than 80 house
foundations, and the only tomb of a member of the royal family of the Shang Dynasty to have
remained intact, the Tomb of Fu Hao. The large number and superb craftsmanship of the burial
accessories found there bear testimony to the advanced level of Shang handicraft industry, and form
now one of the national treasures of China. Numerous pits containing bovine shoulder blades and
turtle plastrons have been found in Yin Xu. Inscriptions on these oracle bones bear invaluable
testimony to the development of one of the world‟s oldest writing systems, ancient beliefs and social
systems.
78
Briève description
Le site archéologique de Yin Xu, proche de la ville d'Anyang, à quelque 500 km au sud de Beijing, fut
la dernière capitale de l'ancienne dynastie Shang (1300 - 1046 avant JC). Il témoigne de l'âge d'or de
la culture, de l'artisanat et des sciences de la Chine antique, une période de grande prospérité de
l'âge du bronze chinois. Beaucoup de tombes et palais royaux, prototypes de l'architecture chinoise
postérieure, ont été mis à jour sur le site. Le site inclut l'aire du Palais et les sanctuaires ancestraux
royaux (mesurant 1 km de long sur 650 m de large), où sont rassemblées plus de 80 fondations de
maisons et la seule tombe d'un membre de la famille royale de la dynastie Shang encore intacte, le
tombeau de Fu Hao. Un grand nombre de superbes objets funéraires y porte le témoignage du niveau
avancé de l'artisanat Shang, et forme aujourd'hui l'un des trésors nationaux de la Chine. De
nombreuses fosses contenant des omoplates de bovidés et des carapaces ventrales (ou plastrons) de
tortue ont été trouvées à Yin Xu. Les inscriptions sur ces ossements utilisés pour les oracles ont une
valeur testimoniale immense sur le développement du plus ancien langage systématique écrit, sur les
croyances et le système social anciens.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
029761 - Yin Xu. UNESCO. 97 slides: col. (eng). From WHC 1114 listed in 2006.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: archaeological sites; archaeological excavations; archaeological remains; archaeological
finds; human remains; world heritage list; China.
// Yin Xu, Chine (WHC 1114)
ACCESSION NO: CN.YIN.36: 1-97 (WHC 1114).
2006- Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries / Sanctuaires du grand panda du
Sichuan (Criterion x)
Brief description
Located some 506 km off the coast of Colombia, the site includes Malpelo island (350 ha) and the
surrounding marine environment (857,150 ha). This vast marine park, the largest no-fishing zone in
the Eastern Tropical Pacific, provides a critical habitat for internationally threatened marine species,
and is a major source of nutrients resulting in large aggregations of marine biodiversity. It is in
particular a „reservoir' for sharks, giant grouper and billfish and is one of the few places in the world
where sightings of the short-nosed ragged-toothed shark, a deepwater shark, have been confirmed.
Widely recognized as one of the top diving sites in the world, due to the presence of steep walls and
caves of outstanding natural beauty, these deep waters support important populations of large
predators and pelagic species (e.g. aggregations of over 200 hammerhead sharks and over 1,000
silky sharks, whale sharks and tuna have been recorded) in an undisturbed environment where they
maintain natural behavioural patterns.
Briève description
Les Sanctuaires du grand panda du Sichuan qui abritent plus de 30 % de la population mondiale de
pandas géants. Situés dans les montagnes Qionglai et Jiajin, les sanctuaires s‟étendent sur 924 500
ha et comprennent sept réserves naturelles et neuf parcs paysagers. Ils constituent aujourd‟hui la plus
grande zone contiguë d‟habitat de ce panda - une relique des forêts paléotropiques de l‟ère tertiaire Ŕ
qui est une espèce particulièrement menacée. C‟est aussi la plus importante source de grands pandas
pour l‟établissement de populations de l‟espèce en captivité. De plus, les sanctuaires abritent un
certain nombre d‟espèces en danger à l‟échelle mondiale comme le petit panda, la panthère des
neiges et la panthère nébuleuse. Sur le plan botanique, il s‟agit de l‟un des sites les plus riches du
79
monde, en dehors des forêts tropicales ombrophiles, avec sa flore qui compte entre 5 000 et 6 000
espèces appartenant à plus de 1 000 genres.
- Nomination file
2007- Kaiping Diaolou (Criteria ii - iii - iv)
Brief Description
Kaiping Diaolou and Villages feature the Diaolou, multi-storeyed defensive village houses in Kaiping,
which display a complex and flamboyant fusion of Chinese and Western structural and decorative
forms. They reflect the significant role of émigré Kaiping people in the development of several
countries in South Asia, Australasia and North America, during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
There are four groups of Diaolou and twenty of the most symbolic ones are inscribed on the List.
These buildings take three forms: communal towers built by several families and used as temporary
refuge, residential towers built by individual rich families and used as fortified residences, and watch
towers. Built of stone, pise, brick or concrete, these buildings represent a complex and confident
fusion between Chinese and Western architectural styles. Retaining a harmonious relationship with
the surrounding landscape, the Diaolou testify to the final flowering of local building traditions that
started in the Ming period in response to local banditry.
The Diaolou and their surrounding villages demonstrate Outstanding Universal Value for their complex
and confident fusion between Chinese and western architectural styles, for their final flowering of local
tower building traditions, for their completeness and unaltered state resulting from their short life span
as fortified dwellings and their comparative abandonment and for harmonious relationship with their
agricultural landscape.
Criterion (ii): The Diaolou represent in dramatic physical terms an important interchange of human
values - architectural styles brought back from North America by returning Chinese and fused with
local rural traditions - within a particular cultural area of the world.
Criterion (iii): The building of defensive towers was a local tradition in the Kaiping area since Ming
times in response to local banditry. The nominated Diaolou represent the final flourishing of this
tradition, in which the conspicuous wealth of the retuning Chinese contributed to the spread of banditry
and their towers were an extreme response.
Criterion (iv): The main towers, with their settings and through their flamboyant display of wealth, are
a type of building that reflects the significant role played by émigré Kaiping people in the development
of several countries in South Asia, Australasia, and North America, during the late 19th and early 20th
centuries, and the continuing links between the Kaiping community and Chinese communities in these
parts of the world.
The wholeness and intactness of the nominated properties are evident insofar as all the elements that
express their values are still in place; the size of each of the properties is adequate as the features
and processes that convey the significance are fully represented in the towers and their surrounding
villages of small houses and farmland. The nominated Diaolou, their surrounding village houses, and
the agricultural landscape are all authentic, apart from certain houses in Sanmenli Village.
Since 2001, all the Diaolou are protected as national monuments under the Law for the Protection of
Cultural Relics, 1982 and also covered by Provincial and Municipal Regulations. A buffer zone has
80
been established. The overall state of conservation of the Diaolou is good; the state of conservation of
village houses and the agricultural landscape is reasonable. No extensive conservation works have
been undertaken. Nevertheless minor repair works, are carried out where necessary, and
inappropriate building interventions have been reversed. A Management Plan for the nominated
property has been drawn up by Beijing University under the auspices of the People's Government of
Kaiping City. It has been implemented since 2005.
Brève description
Les diaolou, maisons fortifiées de village de Kaiping, bâties sur plusieurs étages, témoignent d‟une
fusion complexe et flamboyante des formes structurelles et décoratives chinoises et occidentales.
Elles sont le reflet du rôle significatif que jouèrent les émigrés de Kaiping dans le développement de
plusieurs pays en Asie du Sud, en Australasie et en Amérique du Nord à la fin du XIXe siècle et au
début du XXe siècle. Il y a quatre groupes de diaolou dont une vingtaine de bâtiments ont été inscrits
sur la Liste. Il existe trois types de bâtiments : les tours communautaires construites par plusieurs
familles et utilisées comme refuges temporaires, les tours résidentielles construites par de riches
familles à des fins résidentielles et défensives, et les tours de guet. Fabriqués en pierre, en pisé, en
brique ou en béton, ces édifices symbolisent la fusion complexe et réussie des styles architecturaux
chinois et occidentaux. Harmonieusement intégrés dans le paysage environnant, les diaolou
représentent l‟épanouissement de traditions locales Ŕ nées sous la dynastie des Ming Ŕ en matière de
construction visant à se défendre contre les bandits.
Les diaolou et les villages alentour ont une valeur universelle exceptionnelle pour leur fusion
complexe et audacieuse entre les styles architecturaux chinois et occidental ; pour leur
épanouissement ultime des traditions locales de construction de tours ; pour leur état complet et
inaltéré, grâce à leur courte durée de vie en tant qu'habitations fortifiées et à leur relatif abandon ; et
pour leur relation harmonieuse avec le paysage agricole.
Critère (ii): Les diaolou représentent en termes physiques spectaculaires un échange important de
valeurs humaines - des styles architecturaux ramenés d'Amérique du Nord par les Chinois de retour
au pays et fusionnés avec les traditions rurales locales - dans une aire culturelle déterminée du
monde.
Critère (iii): La construction de tours défensives était une tradition locale dans la contrée de Kaiping
depuis l'époque Ming, en réponse au brigandage local. Les diaolou proposés pour inscription
représentent l'épanouissement final de cette tradition, la richesse ostensible des expatriés chinois de
retour au pays contribuant au développement du brigandage et leurs tours constituant une réponse
extrême.
Critère (iv): Les tours principales et leur cadre, par leur étalage flamboyant d'opulence, reflètent le
rôle important que jouèrent les émigrés de Kaiping dans le développement de plusieurs pays d'Asie
du Sud, d'Australasie et d'Amérique du Nord à la fin du XIXe et au début du XXe siècles, de même
que les liens durables entre la communauté de Kaiping et les communautés chinoises dans ces
régions du monde.
Les biens proposés pour inscription sont à l'évidence complets et intacts, dans la mesure où tous les
éléments qui expriment leurs valeurs sont toujours en place ; la taille de chacun des sites est
appropriée, toutes les caractéristiques et les processus exprimant leur signification étant pleinement
représentés, dans les tours et les villages alentour, avec leurs petites maisons et leurs terres
agricoles. Les diaolou proposés pour inscription, les maisons de village alentour et le paysage agricole
sont tous authentiques, à part certaines maisons dans le village de Sanmenli.
Depuis 2001, tous les diaolou sont protégés en tant que monuments nationaux en vertu de la loi de
protection des reliques culturelles de 1982 ; ils sont également couverts par des réglementations
provinciales et municipales. Une zone tampon a été établie. L'état actuel de conservation des diaolou
est bon. L'état de conservation des maisons du village et du paysage agricole est raisonnable. Aucun
chantier de conservation de grande envergure n'a été entrepris. Néanmoins, des réparations
mineures, replâtrage ou travaux sur les stucs décoratifs, par exemple, sont réalisées si nécessaire, et
les interventions inappropriées réalisées sur les édifices ont été réparées. L'université de Beijing a
dressé un plan de gestion pour le bien proposé pour inscription, sous les auspices du gouvernement
populaire de Kaiping. Les objectifs de ce plan, mis en œuvre en 2005, couvrent les diaolou, les
villages et leur cadre.
81
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
031596 - Kaiping Diaolou and villages. UNESCO. 31 slides: col. (eng). From WHC 1112 listed in 2007.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; cultural landscapes; cultural identity; rural architecture; China.
// Kaiping Diaolou, China
CALL NO: CN.YIN.36:1-31 (WHC 1112).
031611 - Kaiping Diaolou and villages: Heritage Management Plan. Conservation and Management Office of Kaiping
Diaolou Villages, Guangdong Province, The People's Republic of China (ed.). s.l., Conservation and Management
OfficeofKaiping Diaolou and villages, 2006. 163 p., illus. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: China; world heritage list; national identity; cultural landscapes; rural architecture.
// Kaiping, China
ACCESSION NO: WHC 1112. CALL NO: 15389.
031612 - The Diaolou Towers and villages of Kaiping. A plan for conservation and development cultural heritage,
architecture, tourism. The Guangdong Cultural Department - The Protection and management office for Kaiping
Diaolou and villages (ed.). s.l., The State administration of cultural heritage of the People's Republic of China, 2006.
122 p., illus., maps. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: China; world heritage list; national identity; cultural landscapes; rural architecture.
// Kaiping, China
ACCESSION NO: WHC 1112. CALL NO: 15390.
034848 - International sustainable and urban regeneration: case studies and lessons learned 2008. Lau S.Y.,
Stephen (ed.); Platten, Andrew K. (ed.); Lau T., Erica (ed.); Wang, Jun (ed.). Hong Kong, Hong Kong College of
Technology, 2009. 217 p., illus. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: urban areas; historic towns; villages; urban renewal; urban development; town planning;
town planning policy; sustainable development; sustainability; urban spaces; industrial heritage; world heritage list;
case studies.
// Kaiping Diaolou and Villages, China (WHC 1112)
ACCESSION NO: 15831. CALL NO: UR. 230. ISBN: 978-988-1-8196-1-1.
2008 - Fujian Tulou / Tulou de Fujian (Criteria iii - iv - v)
Brief description
Fujian Tulou is a property of 46 houses built between the 12th and 20th centuries over 120 km in
south-west of Fujian province, inland from the Taiwan Strait. Set amongst rice, tea and tobacco fields
the tulou are earthen houses. Several storeys high, they are built along an inward-looking, circular or
square floor plan as housing for up to 800 people each. They were built for defence purposes around
a central open courtyard with few windows to the outside and only one entrance. Housing a whole
clan, the houses functioned as village units and were known as “a little kingdom for the family” or
“bustling small city.” They feature tall fortified mud walls capped by tiled roofs with wide over-hanging
eaves. The most elaborate structures date back to the 17th and 18th centuries. The buildings were
divided vertically between families with each disposing of two or three rooms on each floor. In contrast
with their plain exterior, the inside of the tulou were built for comfort and were often highly decorated.
They are inscribed as exceptional examples of a building tradition and function exemplifying a
particular type of communal living and defensive organization, and, in terms of their harmonious
relationship with their environment, an outstanding example of human settlement.
Briève description
Le site des Tulou de Fujian, en Chine, comprend 46 maisons de terre, construites entre le XIIème et le
XXème siècle et disséminées sur plus de 120 km dans le sud-ouest de la province de Fujian, dans
l‟arrière-pays du détroit de Taiwan. Dressées au milieu de rizières, de champs de thé ou de tabac, les
tulou sont des habitations en terre de plusieurs étages. Circulaires ou carrées, elles sont orientées
vers l‟intérieur et pouvaient abriter jusqu‟à 800 personnes. Elles ont été construites dans un but
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défensif, autour d‟une cour centrale avec très peu de fenêtres vers l‟extérieur et une seule entrée.
Servant d‟habitation à tout le clan, les tulou fonctionnaient comme des entités villageoises et étaient
aussi appelées « petits royaumes familiaux » ou « petites villes prospères ». Les tulou présentent des
murs de boue fortifiés couverts par des toits de tuiles avec de larges avant-toits en surplomb. Les
constructions les plus élaborées datent des 17ème et 18ème siècles.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
007834 - Habitations des communautés Hakka en Chine. Stevens, André. Naples, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, 1986.
p. 14-21, illus. (Icomos Information. 2) (fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: vernacular architecture; farmhouses; pise; China.
// Hakka housing, Guangdong and Fujian provinces (China)
ACCESSION NO: K-286. CALL NO: A.T. 386.
018696 - Culture and landscapes of Western Fujian. 2000. 56 p., illus. (same text in eng, chi).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: cultural landscapes; natural heritage; earth architecture; mountains; China.
// Western Fujian, China
ACCESSION NO: 14094. CALL NO: P.C. 029. ISBN: 7-80597-313-X.
018697 - Youngding Hakka earth building of China. Dehui, Yu, ed. 2000. 24 p., illus. (same text in chi, eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: vernacular architecture; earth architecture; pise; houses; China.
// Hakka, Youngding, Guandong and Fujian provinces, China
ACCESSION NO: 14095. CALL NO: Br. C. 108.
020970 - Fujian Tulou. The State Administration of Cultural Heritage of the People's Republic of China. 2002. 261 p.,
illus., plans, maps. (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: vernacular architecture; earth architecture; pise; towers; nomination forms; China.
// Fujian Tulou
2008 - Mount Sanqingshan National Park / Parc national du mont Sanqingshan
(Criterion vii)
Brief description
Mount Sanqingshan National Park, a 22,950 ha property located in the west of the Huyaiyu mountain
range in the northeast of Jiangxi Province (in the east of central China) has been inscribed for its
exceptional scenic quality, marked by the concentration of fantastically shaped pillars and peaks: 48
granite peaks and 89 granite pillars, many of which resemble human or animal silhouettes. The natural
beauty of the 1,817 metre high Mount Huaiyu is further enhanced by the juxtaposition of granite
features with the vegetation and particular meteorological conditions which make for an ever-changing
and arresting landscape with bright halos on clouds and white rainbows. The area is subject to a
combination of subtropical monsoonal and maritime influences and forms an island of temperate forest
above the surrounding subtropical landscape. It also features forests and numerous waterfalls, some
of them 60 metres in height, lakes and springs.
Briève description
Le Parc national du mont Sanqingshan (Chine). Ce site de 22 950 ha, situé à l‟extrémité ouest de la
chaîne des monts Huaiyu, au nord-est de la province du Jiangxi (centre-est de la Chine) a été inscrit
pour la qualité esthétique exceptionnelle de son paysage, remarquable par la présence de 48 pics et
89 colonnes de granit dont beaucoup ressemblent à des silhouettes humaines ou animales. La beauté
naturelle du mont Sanqingshan, culminant à 1817 m, est rehaussée par la juxtaposition de ces
formations granitiques, de la végétation et des conditions météorologiques qui créent un paysage à
83
couper le souffle, toujours changeant avec des halos brillants sur les nuages et des arcs-en-ciel
blancs. La région est soumise à une combinaison d‟influences maritimes et subtropicales de mousson;
elle forme une île de forêt tempérée au-dessus du paysage subtropical qui l‟entoure. Le parc
comprend aussi des forêts, de nombreuses chutes d‟eau, dont quelques-unes de 60 m de haut, des
lacs et des sources.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
2009 - Mount Wutai / Mont Wutai (Criteria ii - iii - iv - vi)
Brief description
With its five flat peaks, Mount Wutai is a sacred Buddhist mountain. The cultural landscape numbers
53 monasteries and includes the East Main Hall of Foguang Temple, the highest surviving timber
Building of the Tang Dynasty with life size clay sculptures. It also features the Ming Dynasty Shuxiang
Temple with a huge complex of 500 statues representing Buddhist stories woven into three
dimensional pictures of mountains and water.
Overall, the buildings on the site present a catalogue of the way Buddhist architecture developed and
influenced palace building in China over more than one millennium. Mount Wutai, literally, the five
terrace mountain, is the highest mountain in northern China and is remarkable for its morphology
characterized by precipitous sides with five open treeless peaks. Temples have been built on the site
since the 1st century AD to the early 20th century.
Briève description
Le Mont Wutai avec ses cinq plateaux est l'une des montagnes sacrées du bouddhisme. Ce paysage
culturel compte 53 monastères, dont la grande salle orientale du temple de Foguang, le plus haut
placé des édifices en bois de la dynastie Tang qui ait survécu, avec ses sculptures d'argile grandeur
nature, et le temple de Shuxiang de la dynastie Ming, avec un vaste ensemble de 500 statues «
suspendues » représentant des légendes bouddhiques tissées dans des images en trois dimensions
de montagnes et d'eau. Globalement, les bâtiments du site présentent un catalogue du
développement de l'architecture bouddhique et de son influence sur la construction palatiale dans une
grande partie de la Chine pendant plus d'un millénaire. Le Mont Wutai, littéralement le mont aux cinq
terrasses, est la plus haute montagne du nord de la Chine. Sa forme naturelle remarquable est
caractérisée par des versants escarpés et les cinq sommets dénudés et arrondis. Les temples ont été
construits depuis le 1er siècle apr. J.C et jusqu'au début du XXème siècle.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
Montagnes et Bouddhas parmi les nuages. fre. PRIMARY KEYWORDS: natural heritage; mountains; religious
architecture; temples; buddhist architecture; buddhas; world heritage list; China.
84
2010 - Historic Monuments of Dengfeng in “The Centre of Heaven and Earth” /
Monuments historiques de Dengfeng au « centre du ciel et de la terre »
(Criteria iii - vi)
Brief description
Mount Songshang is considered to be the central sacred mountain of China. At the foot of this 1500
metre high mountain, close to the city of Dengfeng in Henan province and spread over a 40 squarekilometre circle, stand eight clusters of buildings and sites, including three Han Que gates - remains of
the oldest religious edifices in China -, temples, the Zhougong Sundial Platform and the Dengfeng
Observatory. Constructed over the course of nine dynasties, these buildings are reflections of different
ways of perceiving the centre of heaven and earth and the power of the mountain as a centre for
religious devotion. The historical monuments of Dengfeng include some of the best examples of
ancient Chinese buildings devoted to ritual, science, technology and education.
For many centuries Dengfeng, one of the early capitals of China whose precise location is unknown,
but whose name is now associated with an area to the south of Mount Shaoshi and Mount Taishi, two
peaks of Mount Songshan, came to be associated with the concept of the centre of heaven and earth
Ŕ the only point where astronomical observations were considered to be accurate. The natural
attribute of the centre of heaven and earth was seen to be Mount Songshan and worship of Mount
Songshan was used by the Emperors as a way of reinforcing their power.
The three ideas do therefore converge to some extent: the centre of heaven and earth in astronomical
terms is used as a propitious place for a capital of terrestrial power, and Mount Songshan as the
natural symbol of the centre of heaven and earth is used as the focus for sacred rituals that reinforce
that earthly power. The buildings that clustered around Dengfeng were of the highest architectural
standards when built and many were commissioned by Emperors. They thus reinforced the influence
of the Dengfeng area.
Some of the sites in the nominated area relate closely to the mountain (Zhongyue Temple, Taishi Que
and Shaoshi Que); the Observatory is very clearly associated with the astronomical observations
made at the centre of heaven and earth, while the remainder of the buildings were built in the area
perceived to be the centre of heaven and earth Ŕ for the status that this conferred.
Criterion (iii): The astronomical idea of the centre of heaven and earth is strongly linked with the idea
of imperial power, with the propitiousness of establishing capitals at the centre of heaven and earth,
and with its natural attribute, Mount Songshan and the ceremonies and ritual associated with it. The
serial property reflects the significance of the area in terms of prestige and patronage.
Criterion (vi): The concentration of sacred and secular structures in the Dengfeng area reflects the
strong and persistent tradition of the centre of heaven and earth linked to the sacred mountain which
sustained imperial sacrifices and patronage over 1500 years and became of outstanding significance
in Chinese culture. The Buddhist structures came to have a symbiotic relationship with the sacred
mountain.
Brève description
85
Songshang est considéré comme le mont sacré central de la Chine. Au pied de cette montagne haute
de 1500 mètres, à proximité de la ville de Dengfeng, dans la province du Henan, s'étendent sur 40
kilomètres carrés huit ensembles d'édifices, qui comprennent notamment trois portes Que Han vestiges des plus anciens édifices religieux d'Etat chinois-, des temples, la plateforme du cadran
solaire de Zhougong et l'observatoire de Dengfeng. Edifiées tout au long de neuf dynasties, ces
constructions reflètent de différentes manières la perception du centre du ciel et de la terre et le
pouvoir de la montagne comme centre de dévotion religieuse. Les monuments historiques de
Dengfeng figurent parmi les meilleurs exemples de bâtiments anciens voués à des activités rituelles,
scientifiques, technologiques et éducatives.
Pendant des siècles, Dengfeng, l‟une des premières capitales de la Chine, dont on ignore
l‟emplacement exact mais dont le nom est désormais associé à une zone au sud du mont Shaoshi et
du mont Taishi, deux pics du mont Songshan, fut associée au concept de centre du ciel et de la terre le seul point où les observations astronomiques étaient réputées fiables. Le mont Songshan était
considéré comme l‟attribut naturel du centre du ciel et de la terre, et les empereurs s‟appuyaient sur le
culte de cette montagne pour renforcer leur pouvoir.
Ces trois idées convergent donc dans une certaine mesure : le centre du ciel et de la terre, sur le plan
astronomique, est un endroit propice à l'installation de la capitale du pouvoir terrestre, et le mont
Songshan en tant que symbole naturel du centre du ciel et de la terre sert de point focal aux rituels
sacrés, renforçant ce pouvoir matériel. Les édifices groupés autour de Dengfeng étaient des
réalisations architecturales des plus ambitieuses pour l‟époque, dont beaucoup ont été commandées
par des empereurs. Elles renforcèrent elles aussi l'influence de la zone de Dengfeng.
Certains des sites de la zone proposée pour inscription entretiennent d‟étroites relations avec la
montagne (temple de Zhongyue, portes Que de Taishi et Shaoshi) ; l'observatoire est très clairement
associé aux observations astronomiques faites au centre du ciel et de la terre, les autres édifices étant
construits dans la zone perçue comme telle pour le statut que cela conférait.
Critère (iii): L‟idée astronomique du centre du ciel et de la terre est étroitement liée à l‟idée du pouvoir
impérial, au caractère propice de l'endroit pour établir des capitales et à son attribut naturel, le mont
Songshan et aux cérémonies et rituels associés à celui-ci. Le bien en série reflète l‟importance de la
zone en termes de prestige et de patronage.
Critère (vi): La concentration de structures sacrées et séculières dans la zone de Dengfeng reflète la
tradition forte et durable du centre du ciel et de la terre associée à la montagne sacrée, qui maintint
les sacrifices impériaux et le patronage sur plus de 1500 ans et prit une importance exceptionnelle
dans la culture chinoise. Les structures bouddhiques en vinrent à entretenir une relation symbiotique
avec la montagne sacrée.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
021162 - Report on the ARC China Sacred Mountains Project. January-October 1996. Covering: Initial visits to seven
selected sacred mountains and detailed surveys on Hua Shan and Qingcheng Shan. Oswald, Philip; Min, Zhao Xiao;
Palmer, Martin; Halbertsma, Tjalling. ARC China Rerearch Team. 1996. 28 p. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: sacred places; mountains; protection of environment; cultural landscapes; China.
022079 - The system of sacred mountains in China and their characteristics. Shen, Wenquan. Tokyo, UNESCO WHC,
2001. p. 121-128, maps. In: "UNESCO thematic expert meeting on Asia-Pacific sacred mountains. Final report" (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: sacred places; mountains; China.
026422 - China's Heritage Legislation. Jing, Feng. Madrid, San Marcos, UNESCO, 2004. p.44-46, illus. (World
Heritage Review. 36) (same text in eng, fre, spa). Legislación China sobre el Patrimonio. spa. Législation du
patrimoine en Chine. fre.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: protection of cultural heritage; legislation; legal protection; China; international cooperation.
86
036426 - Historic monuments of Mount Songshan. The State Administration of Cultural Heritage of the People's
Republic of China. s.d., The State Administration of Cultural Heritage of the People's Republic of China, s.d. 103 p.,
illus. (same text in eng, chi). Incl. a CD-ROM.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic sites; mountains; historic monuments; architectural heritage; temples; pagodas;
China. // Mount Songshan, China
022079 - The system of sacred mountains in China and their characteristics. Shen, Wenquan. Tokyo, UNESCO WHC,
2001. p. 121-128, maps. In: "UNESCO thematic expert meeting on Asia-Pacific sacred mountains. Final report" (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: sacred places; mountains; China.
036426 - Historic monuments of Mount Songshan. The State Administration of Cultural Heritage of the People's
Republic of China. s.d., The State Administration of Cultural Heritage of the People's Republic of China, s.d. 103 p.,
illus. (same text in eng, chi). Incl. a CD-ROM.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic sites; mountains; historic monuments; architectural heritage; temples; pagodas;
China.
// Mount Songshan, China
2011- West Lake Cultural Landscape of Hangzhou / Paysage culturel du lac de
l’Ouest de Hangzhou (Criteria ii - iii - vi)
Brief description
The West Lake Cultural Landscape of Hangzhou, comprising the West Lake and the hills surrounding
its three sides, has inspired famous poets, scholars and artists since the 9th century. It comprises
numerous temples, pagodas, pavilions, gardens and ornamental trees, as well as causeways and
artificial islands.
These additions have been made to improve the landscape west of the city of Hangzhou to the south
of the Yangtze river. The West Lake has influenced garden design in the rest of China as well as
Japan and Korea over the centuries and bears an exceptional testimony to the cultural tradition of
improving landscapes to create a series of vistas reflecting an idealised fusion between humans and
nature.
Brève description
Le paysage inscrit a inspiré des poètes, artistes et érudits renommés depuis le IXe siècle. Il comprend
de nombreux temples, pagodes, pavillons, jardins, arbres d'ornement, ainsi que des chaussées et des
îles artificielles. Ces éléments ont été ajoutés afin de parfaire le paysage à l'ouest de la ville de
Hangzhou, au sud du fleuve Yangtze.Le lac de l'Ouest a influencé de façon durable l'aménagement
paysager et l'art des jardins en Chine, au Japon et dans la péninsule coréenne depuis des siècles. Il
s'agit d'un témoignage exceptionnel d'une tradition culturelle d'embellissement des paysages en vue
de créer une série de panoramas reflétant une fusion idéalisée entre les hommes et la nature.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
028239 - City Lakes as heritage settings; West Lake, Hangzhou and Lake Burley Griffin, Canberra. Ramsay, Juliet.
Xi'an, World Publishing Corporation, 2005. p. 110-118, illus. , plans. In: "Proceedings of the ICOMOS 15th General
Assembly and Scientific Symposium. Volume 1" (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: lakes; setting; conservation policy; management; case studies; China; Australia.
// West Lake, Hangzhou, China // Lake Burley Griffin, Canberra, Australia
87
035048 - The historic photos of Yangtse River: An album of city landscapes in Yangtse River basin in 1910's. BIAD
Media Architectural Creation. [Shanghai], BIAD Media Architectural Creation, 2008. 257 p., illus. (same text in eng,
chi).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: rivers; photographs; architectural heritage; historic monuments; temples; China.
// Yangtse River, China
ACCESSION NO: 15854. ISBN: 978-7-112-10305-8.
037309 - China's world heritage and water. Chen, Maoshan. Paris, UNESCO, 2011. p. 18-23, illus. (World Heritage
Review. 59, 2011) (same text in eng, spa, fre). Patrimonio Mundial y agua en China. spa. Le Patrimoine mondial et
l'eau en Chine. fre.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage; world heritage sites; water; rivers; natural heritage; cultural heritage;
agriculture; irrigation; irrigation systems; hydraulic structures; dams; canals; china.
036237 - Water towns of the Yangtze River in China. Yisan, Ruan; Jiancheng, Dong (phot.). Shanghai, Shanghai
People's Fine Arts Publishing House, 2008. 179 p., illus. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: towns; historic towns; water; waterways; canals; historic monuments; wooden architecture;
bridges; houses; gardens; conservation; protection of cultural heritage; China.
// Yangtze River, China
036543 - ICOMOS General Assembly and Scientific Symposium: Finding the spirit of place - Between the tangible
and the intangible. 16th. Québec, 29 September-4 October 2008. The West lake of Hangzhou: A national cultural icon
of China and the spirit of place. Han, Feng. Quebec, PUL, 2009. p. 165-173. (Patrimoine en mouvement) In: "Spirit of
place: Between tangible and intangible heritage / L'esprit du lieu : entre le patrimoine matériel et immatériel" (eng).
Incl. bibl. and abstracts in English and French.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: lakes; landscapes; cultural landscapes; intangible heritage; conservation; sustainable
development; tentative list; world heritage list; China.
// West lake of Hangzhou, China
ACCESSION NO: 16009. ISBN: 978-2-7637-8994-1. URL:
http://www.international.icomos.org/quebec2008/cd/toindex/77_pdf/77-u9Vo-112.pdf.
Democratic People's Republic of Korea / République Populaire
Démocratique du Corée
2004- Complex of Koguryo Tombs / Ensemble des tombes de Koguryo
(Criteria i - ii - iii - iv)
Brief description
The site includes several groups and individual tombs - totalling about 30 individual graves - from the
later period of the Koguryo Kingdom, one of the strongest kingdoms in northeast China and half of the
Korean peninsula between the 3rd century BC and 7th century AD. The tombs, many with beautiful
wall paintings, are almost the only remains of this culture. Only about 90 out of more than 10,000
Koguryo tombs discovered in China and Korea so far, have wall paintings. Almost half of these tombs
are located on this site and they are thought to have been made for the burial of kings, members of
the royal family and the aristocracy. These paintings offer a unique testimony to daily life of this period.
Briève description
Ensemble des tombes de Koguryo. Ce site comprend de nombreuses tombes, en groupes ou isolées
(une trentaine), datant de la dernière période du Royaume Koguryo. Ces tombes, dont beaucoup sont
ornées de splendides peintures murales, constituent presque les seuls vestiges laissés par cette
culture. Sur les quelque 10 000 tombes Koguryo découvertes jusqu‟à présent en Chine et en Corée,
90 seulement comportent des peintures murales. Environ la moitié d‟entre elles sont situées sur ce
88
site ; on pense qu‟elles étaient destinées aux rois ainsi qu‟aux membres de la famille royale et de la
noblesse. Ces peintures offrent un témoignage unique de la vie quotidienne de l‟époque.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
016225 - Conservation of mural paintings and historical sites. Operational action for the safeguarding of the
immovable cultural heritage and its reintegration into modern life. Lujan, R. Unesco. Paris, Unesco, 1991. 73 p., illus.
(eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: wall paintings; funerary architecture; tombs; conservation plans; Korea.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: conservation. // Pyongyang Koguryo Dynasty's tombs, Korea
021460 - Capital Cities, Imperial Tombs and Nobles Tombs of Koguryo. The State Administration of Cultural Heritage
of the People's Republic of China. [Koguryo]. 40 p., illus., plans. (same text in eng, chi).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: tombs; wall paintings; archaeological remains; China. // Koguryo, China
024452 - Ensemble des tombes de Koguryo. 120 slides: col. (eng). From WHC 1091 listed in 2004.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; tombs; wall paintings; Korea DPR.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: slides. // Complex of Koguryo tombs, Korea DPR (WHC 1091)
CALL NO: KP.KOG.02.1-120 (WHC 1091).
024464 - Capital cities, imperial tombs and Noble's tombs of Koguryo. 71 slides: col. (same text in eng, chi). Capitales
et tombes de l'ancien royaume Koguryo. fre. From WHC 1135 listed in 2004.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; tombs; archaeological finds; wall paintings; China.
// Capital cities, imperial tombs and noble's tombs of Koguryo, China (WHC 1135)
CALL NO: CN.KOG.34.1-71 (WHC 1135).
026796 - International Symposium : conservation of Koguryo Tombs. Seoul, Korea, October 25-28, 2004.
Conservation of Koguryo Tombs. Korean National Committee of ICOMOS. Seoul, Korean National Committee of
ICOMOS, 2004. 202 p. (various texts in eng, kor). Incl. recommendations of the Symposium.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; tombs; conservation; wall paintings; conservation measures; Korea DPR;
recommendations.
// Koguryo Tombs, Korea DPR (WHC 1091)
026799 - Koguryo's place in the east asian world. Shin, Hyong-Sik. Seoul, Korean National Committee of ICOMOS,
2004. p. 19-24. In: "International Symposium : conservation of Koguryo Tombs, Seoul, Korea, October 25-28, 2004"
(eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historical surveys; historic sites; world heritage list; Korea DPR; Asia.
// Koguryo's Tombs, Korea DPR (WHC 1091)
026800 - Koguryo tomb paintings in the context of asian art. Kim, Lena. Seoul, Korean National Committee of
ICOMOS, 2004. p. 30-44, illus. In: "International Symposium : conservation of Koguryo Tombs, Seoul, Korea, October
25-28, 2004" (eng). Incl. abstract.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: tombs; wall paintings; asian art; iconography; world heritage list; Korea DPR.
026801 - Present condition and subject on the conservation of Koguryo tombs. Yano, Kazuyuki. Seoul, Korean
National Committee of ICOMOS, 2004. p. 45-58, illus. In: "International Symposium : conservation of Koguryo Tombs,
Seoul, Korea, October 25-28, 2004" (eng). Incl. abstract.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: conservation; wall paintings; conservation measures; world heritage list; Korea DPR.
026802 - UNESCO's actions and strategy to safeguarding the Koguryo tombs and mural paintings in the Democratic
People's Republic of Korea. Han, Junhi. Seoul, Korean National Committee of ICOMOS, 2004. p. 69-76. In:
"International Symposium : conservation of Koguryo Tombs, Seoul, Korea, October 25-28, 2004" (eng). Incl. abstract.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: wall paintings; conservation measures; tombs; world heritage list; Korea DPR.
// UNESCO // Koguryo's Tombs, Korea DPR (WHC 1091)
89
India / Inde
1983-Ajanta Caves / Grottes d'Ajanta (Criteria i - ii - iii - vi)
Brief description
The first Buddhist cave monuments at Ajanta date from the 2nd and 1st centuries B.C. During the
Gupta period (5th and 6th centuries A.D.), many more richly decorated caves were added to the
original group. The paintings and sculptures of Ajanta, considered masterpieces of Buddhist religious
art, have had a considerable artistic influence.
Briève description
e
er
À un groupe de monuments rupestres bouddhiques des II et I siècles av. J.-C. sont venues
e
e
s'ajouter, à l'époque gupta (V et VI siècles), des grottes ornées encore plus vastes et plus riches.
Les peintures et les sculptures d'Ajanta sont des chefs-d'œuvre de l'art religieux bouddhique qui ont
exercé un rayonnement considérable.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
001958 - Nomination form. Ajanta caves. Archaeological Survey of India. New Delhi, Archaeological Survey of India,
1982. 11 p. (engalso in fre). Grottes d'Ajanta. Nom local: Ajintha Leni. fre. Date received: 15-10-82/ Mitra, D./ Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; caves; rock art sites; rock cut architecture;
buddhist architecture; India; nomination forms.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: historical surveys; conservation policy; shrines; monasteries;
rock paintings. // Ajanta caves (India)
001962 - Icomos evaluation. Grottes d'Ajanta. Ajanta caves (eng). Icomos. Paris, Icomos, 1983. 2 p. (same text in
eng, fre).
buddhist architecture; India; historical surveys; shrines; monasteries; rock paintings.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: evaluations. // Ajanta caves, India (WHC 242)
001964 - Plan. The site plan of Ajanta caves. Archaeological Survey of India. New Delhi, Archaeological Survey of
India, nd. 1 plan. (eng). Legend: area proposed for protection/ prohibition on the basis of the recommendations made
by the Bureau of the World Heritage Committee.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; caves; rock art sites; rock cut architecture; buddhist architecture; India;
plans.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: perimeter of protection. // Ajanta caves (India)
001965 - Map. Map showing Ajanta and its neighbourhood. Archaeological Survey of India. New Delhi, Archaeological
Survey of India, nd. 1 map. (eng).
buddhist architecture; India; maps.
// Ajanta caves (India)
001966 - Plan. Ajanta Caves. Archaeological Survey of India. New Delhi, Archaeological Survey of India, nd. 1 plan,
scale 1:7920. (eng). Site plan showing archaeological area in thick line.
buddhist architecture; India; plans. SECONDARY KEYWORDS: perimeter of protection.
// Ajanta caves (India)
001967 - Photo. Ajanta Caves. New Delhi, Archaeological Survey of India, nd. 6 photos: bw, 17x22 cm. (eng).
90
buddhist architecture; India; photographs.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: aerial photography; statues; rock paintings. // Ajanta caves (India)
009278 - Conservation and restoration of wall paintings in India. Sengupta, Rakhaldas. Tokyo, Tokyo National
Research Institute of Cultural Properties, 1985. p. 37-54, illus. (eng). In:"International Symposium on the Conservation
and Restoration of Cultural Property-Conservation and restoration of mural paintings (II)"; Incl. refs.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: conservation of wall paintings; rock cut architecture; deterioration;
laboratory tests; India. SECONDARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list.
// Ajanta Caves (India) // Brihadiswara Temple (India) // Tabo (India)
ACCESSION NO: 9496 (2).
012143 - Grottes d'Ajanta, Lenapur, Inde. Parent, Michel. [s.l.], [s.n.], [s.d.]. 4 slides:col. (fre). Listed as WHC 242 in
1983.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; historic monuments and sites; buddhist architecture;
rock paintings; rock cut architecture; bas-reliefs; architectural sculpture; buddhas;
pillars; caves; India.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: slides. // Ajanta Caves, Lenapur (India)
CALL NO: IN.AJA.11:1-4. (restricted).
012144 - Grottes d'Ajanta, Lenapur, Inde. Parent, Michel. [s.l.], [s.n.], [s.d.]. 5 slides: col. (fre). Copyrighted: M. Parent.
Listed as WHC 242 in 1983. Legends on mounts.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; historic monuments and sites; buddhist architecture;
rock cut architecture; architectural sculpture; bas-reliefs; pillars; facades; rock
paintings; caves; India.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: slides; general views. // Ajanta Caves, Lenapur (India)
012829 - International workshop on conservation of architectural surfaces : stones and wall covering. Venise, 12-1314 March 1992. Conservation of wall paintings in India. Prakash, Agrawal Om. Venice, Il Cardo, 1993. p. 119-123,
illus. (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: stone; wall paintings; conservation plans; surveys; photographic archives.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: publication; conservation techniques; columns; gypsum; lime;
pigments; case studies; cleaning.
// Ajanta (India) // Ellora (India) // Bagh (India)
ACCESSION NO: 12315. CALL NO: Pi.394.
013530 - Murals and Sculptures of the Ajanta Caves, Lenapur, India. (India),, (s.n.),, (s.d.). 48 slides: col. (eng). Listed
as WHC 242 in 1983.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; Buddhist architecture; murals; caves; India.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: religious art; sculptures; rock paintings; rock cut reliefs; rock
art sites; slides. // Ajanta Caves, Lenapur (India)
016043 - Preserving the Ajanta murals. Centuries of neglect had almost ruined these beautifulcave paintings. Their
restoration and preservation is a challenge to the modern scientist. Sengupta, R. New Delhi, Science reporter, 1979.
p. 8-14, illus. (Science Reporter. 16-1) (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; caves; wall paintings; restoration; preservation;
India. // Ajanta Caves, India (WHC242)
ACCESSION NO: 2196.
018517 - Holy Sites in India. Okada, Amina. Madrid, Unesco, 1997. p.4-15, illus. (World Heritage Review. 4, 1997)
(same text in eng, spa, fre). Lugares sacrados de la India: rostros de lo divino. spa. Sites sacrés en Inde: visages du
divin. re.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; sacred places; historic monuments and sites;
buddhist architecture; hindu architecture; religious architecture; temples; India.
// Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram, India (WHC 249) // Brihadisvara Temple,
Thanjavur, India (WHC 250) // Ajanta Caves, India (Whc 242) // Ellora Caves, India (WHC 243)
// Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi, India (WHC 524) // Elephanta Caves, India (WHC 244) //
Khajuraho Group of Monuments, India (WHC 240)
025767 - Collaboration harmonieuse entre développement et préservation du patrimoine mondial : le projet d'Ajanta et
Ellora (Inde). Wada, Yoshio. Paris, UNESCO WHC, 2004. p.77-78. (Cahiers du Patrimoine Mondial. 9) In:
"Partenariats pour les villes du patrimoine mondial" (fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world cultural heritage; urban development; international cooperation; conservation; world
heritage list; India.
// Banque Japonaise de Coopération Internationale (JBIC) // Ellora caves, India (WHC 243) // Ajanta caves, India
(WHC 242)
026996 - Periodic Report: Ajanta Caves. Archaeological Survey of India. [Paris], [UNESCO], [2003]. 35p. (eng). Incl.
bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage convention; world heritage list; periodic reports; buddhist architecture; caves;
monasteries; conservation; management; shrines; rock cut architecture; India.
91
// Ajanta Caves, India (WHC 242)
031138 - Ajanta project and implications on Tourism. Kant, Amitabh. Seoul, ICOMOS-Korea, 2005. 5 p. In: "Managing
tourism in historic towns and areas in Asia : 2005 ICOMOS Regional Conference in Seoul" (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; buddhist architecture; caves; management plans; cultural tourism; tourism
management; India
// Ajanta Caves, India (WHC 242)
033300 - Ajanta murals: an album of eighty-five reproductions in colour. Gosh, A. New Delhi, Archaeological survey
of India, 1967. 71 p., illus. (eng). Incl. bibl. and plates in col.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: wall paintings; caves; sculptures; hindu architecture; buddhist architecture; conservation of
wall paintings; shrines; photographs; world heritage list; India.
// Ajanta caves, India (WHC 242)
1983- Ellora Caves / Grottes d'Ellora (Criteria i - iii - vi)
Brief description
These 34 monasteries and temples, extending over more than 2 km, were dug side by side in the wall
of a high basalt cliff, not far from Aurangabad, in Maharashtra. Ellora, with its uninterrupted sequence
of monuments dating from A.D. 600 to 1000, brings the civilization of ancient India to life. Not only is
the Ellora complex a unique artistic creation and a technological exploit but, with its sanctuaries
devoted to Buddhism, Hinduism and Jainism, it illustrates the spirit of tolerance that was characteristic
of ancient India.
Briève description
Trente-quatre monastères et temples ont été creusés en succession serrée dans la paroi d'une haute
falaise basaltique, non loin d'Aurangabad, contribuant à faire revivre une brillante civilisation ancienne
dans une séquence ininterrompue de monuments datables de 600 à 1000. L'ensemble d'Ellora est
une réalisation artistique unique et un tour de force technique. Avec ses sanctuaires consacrés
respectivement au bouddhisme, au brahmanisme et au jaïnisme, il illustre l'esprit de tolérance
caractéristique de l'Inde ancienne.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
001968 - Nomination form. Ellora caves. Archaeological Survey of India. New Delhi, Archaeological Survey of India,
1982. 9 p. (Ellora Caves (India)) (engalso in fre). Grottes d'Ellora connues localement sous le nom de "Verul Leni". fre.
Date received: 15-10-82/ Mitra, D./ Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; caves; rock art sites; rock cut architecture; buddhist architecture; hindu
architecture; India; nomination forms.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: historical surveys; conservation policy; temples; sculptures.
// Ellora Caves (India)
001969 - Icomos evaluation. Grottes d'Ellora. Icomos. Paris, Icomos, 1983. 2 p. (same text in eng, fre).
architecture; India; historical surveys.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: evaluations.
// Ellora Caves, India (WHC 243)
001970 - Plan. The site plan of Ellora caves. Deshpande, R.N. New Delhi, Archaeological Survey of India, nd. 1 plan.
(Ellora Caves (India)) (eng). Detail plan of the caves.
92
architecture; India; plans.
// Ellora caves (India)
001971 - Plan. Ellora caves. New Delhi, Archaeological Survey of India, nd. 1 plan, scale 1:660. (Ellora Caves (India))
(eng). Site plan showing proposed archaeological area in thick line.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: perimeter of protection. // Ellora caves (India)
001972 - Plan. Site plan of Ellora caves. Superintending Archeologist, Archaeological Survey of India. New Delhi,
Archaeological Survey of India, 1982. 1 plan, scale 1:5000. (Ellora Caves (India)) (eng). Legend: ancient caves,
ancient structure, modern permanant structure, modern temporary structure, area proposed for prohibition.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: perimeter of protection. // Ellora caves (India)
001974 - Photo. Ellora caves. Department of Archaeology (India). sl, Department of Achaeology, 1956. 12 postcards:
b/w, 9x14 cm. (Ellora Caves (India)) (eng). Caves 1, 10, 16, 21, 29, 32, 33.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; caves; rock art sites; rock cut architecture; hindu architecture; buddhist
architecture; India; photographs.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: general views; sculptures. // Ellora caves (India)
001975 - Photo. Ellora caves. Archaeological Survey of India. New Delhi, Archaeological Survey of India, nd. 2
photos: b/w, 16x21/17x23 cm. (Ellora Caves (India)) (eng).
architecture; India; photographs.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: porches; sculptures; restoration. // Ellora caves
ACCESSION NO: WHC 243. CALL NO: Photos: 13-14.
012142 - Grottes d'Ellora, Inde. Parent, Michel. [s.l.], [s.n.], [s.d.]. 8 slides : col. (fre). Listed as WHC 243 in 1981.
Legends on mounts.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; historic monuments and sites; buddhist architecture; rock cut architecture;
caves; galleries; architectural sculpture; bas-reliefs; high reliefs; stupas; India. SECONDARY KEYWORDS: slides. //
Ellora Caves (Inde) // Verul Leni (India)
CALL NO: IN.ELL.13:1-8. (restricted).
012829 - International workshop on conservation of architectural surfaces : stones and wall covering. Venise, 12-1314 March 1992. Conservation of wall paintings in India. Prakash, Agrawal Om. Venice, Il Cardo, 1993. p. 119-123,
illus. (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: stone; wall paintings; conservation plans; surveys; photographic archives.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: publication; conservation techniques; columns; gypsum; lime; pigments; case studies;
cleaning. // Ajanta (India) // Ellora (India) // Bagh (India)
ACCESSION NO: 12315. CALL NO: Pi.394.
013553 - Ellora Caves, India. (s.l.),, (s.n.),, (s.d.). 2 slides: col. (fre). Listed as WHC 243 in 1983. Legends on mounts.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; religious architecture; rock cut architecture; caves; India.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: sculptures; temples; slides.
// Ellora Caves (India)
CALL NO: IN.ELL.39:1-2. (restricted).
divin. re.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; sacred places; historic monuments and sites; buddhist architecture; hindu
architecture; religious architecture; temples; India.
// Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram, India (WHC 249) // Brihadisvara Temple, Thanjavur, India (WHC 250) //
Ajanta Caves, India (Whc 242) // Ellora Caves, India (WHC 243) // Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi, India (WHC 524) //
Elephanta Caves, India (WHC 244) // Khajuraho Group of Monuments, India (WHC 240)
025767 - Collaboration harmonieuse entre développement et préservation du patrimoine mondial : le projet d'Ajanta et
Ellora (Inde). Wada, Yoshio. Paris, UNESCO WHC, 2004. p.77-78. (Cahiers du Patrimoine Mondial. 9) In:
"Partenariats pour les villes du patrimoine mondial" (fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world cultural heritage; urban development; international cooperation; conservation; world
heritage list; India.
// Banque Japonaise de Coopération Internationale (JBIC) // Ellora caves, India (WHC 243) // Ajanta caves, India
(WHC 242)
027017 - Periodic Report: Ellora Caves. Archaeological Survey of India. [Paris], [UNESCO], [2003]. 32p. (eng). Incl.
bibl.
93
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage convention; world heritage list; periodic reports; buddhist architecture; caves;
temples; conservation; management; monitoring; India.
// Ellora Caves, India (WHC 243)
033507 - Repairs to the Ellora caves. Sengupta, R. New Delhi, Archaeological Survey of India, 1961. p.46-67, illus.
(Ancient India: Bulletin of the Archaeological Survey of India. 17) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; rock cut architecture; repairs; Hindu architecture; Buddhist architecture;
caves; conservation; restoration; India.
// Ellora caves, India (WHC 243)
1983 Agra Fort / Fort d'Agra (Criterion iii)
Brief description
Near the gardens of the Taj Mahal stands the important 16th-century Mughal monument known as the
Red Fort of Agra. This powerful fortress of red sandstone encompasses, within its 2.5-km-long
enclosure walls, the imperial city of the Mughal rulers. It comprises many fairy-tale palaces, such as
the Jahangir Palace and the Khas Mahal, built by Shah Jahan; audience halls, such as the Diwan-iKhas; and two very beautiful mosques.
Briève description
e
À proximité immédiate des jardins du Taj Mahal, le Fort rouge d'Agra, monument significatif du XVII
siècle moghol, est une puissante citadelle de grès rouge enserrant dans son enceinte de 2,5 km de
périmètre la ville impériale, avec un grand nombre de palais féeriques, comme le palais de Jahangir
ou le Khas Mahal, bâti par Shah Jahan, des salles d'audience, comme le Diwan-i-Khas, et deux très
belles mosquées.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
001876 - Nomination form. Agra Fort. Archaeological Survey of India. New Delhi, Archaeological Survey of India,
1982. 5 p. (engalso in fre). Fort d'Agra. fre. Date received: 15-10-82/ Mitra, D./ Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; historic monuments; forts; India; nomination forms.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: historical surveys; conservation policy; air pollution.
// Agra Fort (India)
001921 - Icomos evaluation. Fort d'Agra. Icomos. Paris, Icomos, 1983. 2 p. (same text in eng, fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; historic monuments; forts; India; historical surveys; conservation policy.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: evaluations. // Agra Fort, India (WHC 251)
001923 - Plan. Site plan of Agra Fort. Archaeological Survey of India. New Delhi, Archaeological Survey of India,
1978. 1 plan. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; historic monuments; forts; India; plans.
// Agra Fort (India)
001925 - Photo. Agra Fort. sl, 1950-60. 7 photos: bw, 16x21 cm. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; historic monuments; forts; India; photographs.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: gateways; palaces; towers; mosques.
// Delhi gate, Agra Fort (India) // Jahangiri Palace, Agra Fort (India) // Amar Singh gate, Agra Fort (India) // Moti
Masjid, Agra Fort (India) // Mosamman Burj, Agra Fort (India) // Diwan-i-Am, Agra Fort (India)
94
002149 - Glimpses of Muslim Architecture in India. Nath, R. Bombay, Marg publications, 1983. p.84-101, illus. (Marg.
35, 2) (eng). Incl. Bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: islamic architecture; mosques; re-use of materials; minarets; tombs; mausolea; architects.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: India.
// Taj Mahal, Agra (India) // Qutb Minar, Delhi (India)
006147 - The Restoration of Chini-Ka-Rauza, Agra. Sengupta, Rakhaldas. Naples, ESI, 1985. p. 3-10, illus. (Icomos
Information. 3) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: mausolea; historical surveys; deterioration; restoration works; decorations and ornaments;
India. // Chini-Ka-Rauza, Agra (India)
011081 - Symposium. Rome, 1986. Area Surveys and Specific Studies. Bose, Dilip; Caner, E.N.; Göktürk, E.H.;
Türkmenoglu, A.G.; Eseller, G.; Zivas, Dionysis A.; Conforto, M.C.; Martines, G.; Haber, Jerzy; Mirwald, Peter W.;
Andersson, Tord; Lindqvist, Oliver. Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1988. p. 267-427, illus. (eng). In: "Air Pollution and
Conservation: Safeguarding our Architectural Heritage"; incl. ref.; chapter incl. 8 articles.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: stone; deterioration; case studies; conservation of historic monuments; air pollution;
physical-chemical factors; marble; historic towns; India; Turkey; Greece; Poland; Scandinavia.
// Taj Mahal, Agra (India) // Temple of Augustus, Ankara (Turkey) // Rome (Italy) // Cracow (Poland) // Cologne
Cathedral, Germany (WHC 292) // Cathedral Well, Göteborg (Sweden)
011956 - Fort Rouge, Agra, Inde. Savatier, F. ICOMOS. [s.l.], [s.n.], [s.d.]. 4 slides : col. (fre). Origin: "ICOMOS F.
Savatier." Legends on mounts. Listed as WHC 251 in 1983.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; forts; mosques; gardens; ramparts; India.
// Agra Fort, Agra (India) // Red Fort, Agra (India)
CALL NO: IN.AGR.04:1-4. (restricted).
011957 - Fort Rouge, Agra, Inde. Parent, M. [s.l.], [s.n.], [s.d.]. 15 slides : col. (fre). Listed as WHC 251 in 1983.
Legends on mounts.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; forts; ramparts; facades; courtyards; pavilions; pillars; arcades; palaces;
decorative patterns; inlay; India.
// Palais de Jahangir, Agra (India) // Red Fort, Agra (India) // Jahangir Mahall, Agra (India) // Musammam Burj, Agra
(India) // Agra Fort, Agra (India)
011958 - Fatehpur Sikri, Agra, Inde. Petruccioli, Attilio. [s.l.], [s.n.], [s.d.]. 7 slides : col. (fre). Listed as WHC 255 in
1986. Legends on slides. Earlier cataloging attributes A. Petruccioli as photographer but not certain from slides
alone. Condition: ave. Density: dark.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; islamic architecture; historic monuments and sites; human settlement
sites; archaeological surveys; urban archaeological sites; pools; palaces; kiosks; India.
// Palais de Birbal, Fatehpur Sikri, Agra (India) // Panch Mahal, Fatehpur Sikri, Agra (India) // Astrologer's Seat,
Fatehpur Sikri, Agra (India)
011959 - Fatehpur Sikri, Agra, Inde. [s.l.], [s.n.], [s.d.]. 18 slides : col. + 1 p. (eng). From dossier WHC 255 listed in
1986. Accompanying material: legends.
sites; archaeological surveys; urban archaeological sites; tombs; palaces; gateways; towers; facades; pillars; domes;
arcades; decorative patterns; graves; India.
// Diwan-i-Khas, Fatehpur Sikri, Agra (India) // Panch Mahal, Fatehpur Sikri, Agra (India) // Khawabgah, Fatehpur
Sikri, Agra (India) // Badshahi Darwaja, Fatehpur Sikri, Agra (India) // Hiram Minar, Fatehpur Sikri, Agra (India) //
Mariyam's House, Fatehpur Sikri, Agra (India) // Buland Darwaja, Fatehpur Sikri, Agra (India) // Jodha Bais Palace,
CALL NO: IN.AGR.20:1-18 (WHC 255). (restricted).
011960 - Fatehpur Sikri, Agra, Inde. Petruccioli, Attilio. Environmental Design, Journal of the Islamic Environmental
Design Research Centre (Italy). [s.l.], [s.n.], [s.d.]. 11 slides : col.+ 2 p. (frealso in eng). Listed as WHC 255 in 1986.
Legends on slides. Accompanying material: expanded legends. Slides acquired: 26 Nov 1984.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; Islamic architecture; historic monuments and sites; human settlement
sites; archaeological surveys; urban archaeological sites; ruins; palaces; hindu architecture; pavilions; gateways;
caravanserails; India.
// Akbar's Palace, Fatehpur Sikri, Agra (India) // Tour Masjid, Fatehpur Sikri, Agra (India) // Selim Christi Quarters,
Fatehpur Sikri, Agra (India) // Ajmini Gate, Fatehpur Sikri, Agra (India)
CALL NO: IN.AGR.18:1-11.
013387 - International RILEM/UNESCO Congress : conservation of stone and other materials. 21. Paris, 1993. Dust
pollution at the Taj Mahal - A case study. Sharma, R.K.; Gupta, H.O. Rilem/UNESCO. Paris, M.J. Thiel, UNESCO;
London, E
95
FN SPON, 1993. p. 11-18, illus. (Conservation of stone and other materials : causes of disorders of diagnosis. 1)
(eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: stone; marble; pollution; industrial development; historical surveys; vandalism; corrosion;
climatic factors; dust; rain; chemical treatment; pollutants.
// Taj Mahal (India) // Red Fort, Agra (India)
ACCESSION NO: 12313. CALL NO: Pi.393. ISBN: 0-419-18410-4 (set); 0-419-18840-1 (vol.1).
018535 - Moghal gardens: paradise and conservation. Roberts, Judith. Madrid, Unesco, 1998. p.20-31, illus., maps.
(World Heritage Review. 7, 1998) (same text in eng, fre, spa). Les jardins des Moghols: des paradis à preserver. fre.
Los jardines mogoles: paraíso y conservación. spa.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic gardens; palaces; world heritage list; India; Pakistan.
// Agra Fort, India (WHC 251) // Taj Mahal, India (WHC 252) // Humayun's Tomb, Delhi, India (WHC 232) // Fort and
Shalamar Gardens in Lahore, Pakistan (WHC 171-172)
026998 - Periodic Report: Agra Fort. Archaeological Survey of India, Agra Circle. [Paris], [UNESCO], [2003]. 22p.
(eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage convention; world heritage list; periodic reports; forts; military architecture;
historic monuments; conservation; management; India.
// Agra Fort, India (WHC 251)
033502 - Repairs in Agra and Fatehpur Sikri :1944-49. Vats, Madho Sarup. New Delhi, Archaeological Survey of
India, 1950. p.91-99, illus. (Ancient India: Bulletin of the Archaeological Survey of India. 6) (eng). Incl. plans.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: archaeological sites; world heritage list; forts; historic monuments; conservation; restoration;
repairs; India.
// Fatehpur Sikri, India (WHC 255) // Agra fort, India (WHC 251)
1983- Taj Mahal / Le Taj Mahal (Criterion i)
Brief description
An immense mausoleum of white marble, built in Agra between 1631 and 1648 by order of the Mughal
emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his favourite wife, the Taj Mahal is the jewel of Muslim art in India
and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world's heritage.
Briève description
Immense mausolée funéraire de marbre blanc édifiée entre 1631 et 1648 à Agra sur l'ordre de
l'empereur moghol Shah Jahan pour perpétuer le souvenir de son épouse favorite, le Taj Mahal, joyau
le plus parfait de l'art musulman en Inde, est l'un des chefs-d'œuvre universellement admirés du
patrimoine de l'humanité.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
009912 - Taj Mahal, report on structural and geotechnical aspects of conservation. Feilden, Bernard M.; Beckmann,
P. London, Iccrom, 1987. 15 p. (eng). Technical cooperation, World Heritage Convention.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: structural surveys; cracks; earthquakes; India.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; expert reports; recommendations.
// Taj Mahal, Agra (India).
ACCESSION NO: 9631.
012215 - Taj Mahal, India. [s.l.], [s.n.], [s.d.]. 3 slides : col. (fre). Listed as WHC 252 in 1983.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; historic monuments and sites; funerary architecture; tombs; inlay; marble;
minarets; domes; mosques; India.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: slides; general views. // Taj Mahal, Agra (India)
96
012216 - Taj Mahal, Agra (India). Parent, Michel. [s.l.], [s.n.], [s.d.]. 5 slides : col. (fre). Listed as WHC 252 in 1983.
Legends on mounts.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; historic monuments and sites; funerary architecture; tombs; mosques;
minarets; inlay; marble; domes; decorative patterns; bas-reliefs; gardens; gateways; porches; India. SECONDARY
KEYWORDS: slides; general views. // Taj Mahal, Agra (India)
013040 - The gardens of India. Bhagwat, Prabhakar B. Colombo, Sri Lanka National Committee of ICOMOS, 1993. p.
54-62. (Central Cultural Fund publication. 127) In: "Historic Gardens and Sites. ICOMOS 10th General Assembly, Sri
Lanka, 1993" (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic gardens; historical surveys; islamic gardens; pleasure gardens; India; planning;
parks; plants; terraces; case studies; restoration; mausolea; temples; inventories; landscape architects.
// Reva Gardens (India) // Bidar (India) // Taj Mahal (India)
ACCESSION NO: 12523. CALL NO: J.H. 287. ISBN: 955-613-033-0. URL:
http://www.international.icomos.org/publications/93garden5.pdf.
013387 - International RILEM/UNESCO Congress : conservation of stone and other materials. 21. Paris, 1993. Dust
pollution at the Taj Mahal - A case study. Sharma, R.K.; Gupta, H.O. Rilem/UNESCO. Paris, M.J. Thiel, UNESCO;
London, EFN SPON, 1993. p. 11-18, illus. (Conservation of stone and other materials : causes of disorders of
diagnosis. 1) (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: stone; marble; pollution; industrial development; historical surveys; vandalism; corrosion;
climatic factors; dust; rain; chemical treatment; pollutants.
// Taj Mahal (India) // Red Fort, Agra (India)
ACCESSION NO: 12313. CALL NO: Pi.393. ISBN: 0-419-18410-4 (set); 0-419-18840-1 (vol.1).
017948 - Monuments and sites India. Moulik, Achala. ICOMOS India. Colombo, ICOMO Sri Lanka, 1996. 157 p., illus.
(Central Cultural Fund. 199, 1996) (same text in eng, fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; architectural heritage; historical surveys; building techniques; buddhist
architecture; fortified architecture; stupas; temples; rock cut architecture; caves; sculptures; paintings; facades; stone;
palaces; forts; churches; mausolea; historic towns; historic monuments and sites; India.
// ICOMOS // General Assembly. 11th. Sofia, Bulgaria, 5-10 October, 1996 // Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi, I. (WHC
524) // Ajanta Caves (WHC 242) // Ellora Caves (WHC 243) // Elephanta Caves (WHC 244) // Group of monuments at
Pattadakal (WHC 239 rev.) // Group of monuments at Mahabalipuram (WHC 35) // Brihadishvara temple, Thanjavur
(WHC 250 rev.) // Sun Temple, Konarak (WHC 246) // Humayun's Tomb, Delhi (WHC 232) // Khajuraho Group of
monuments (WHC 240) // Group of monuments at Hampi (WHC 241) // Fatehpur Sikri (WHC 255) // Taj Mahal (WHC
252) // Agra Fort (WHC 251) // Churches and Convents of Goa (WHC 234) // Kerala, India // Jammu, india // Kashmir,
India // Delhi, India
018277 - Les jardins à travers le monde. Chimay, Jacqueline de. Paris, Hachette, 1962. 238p., illus. (A travers le
monde) (fre). Incl.bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic gardens; world heritage list; parks and gardens; japanese gardens; chinese gardens;
formal gardens; landscape gardens; France; UK; Italy; Switzerland; Russian Federation; Belgium; Mexico; Austria;
Germany; Netherlands; Spain; Portugal; USA; Argentina; Brazil; India; China; Japan.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: flowers; pavilions; palaces; fountains; cascades; ornamental lakes.
// Alhambra, Generalife, Grenade, Spain (WHC 314 bis) // Taj Mahal, India (WHC 252)
CALL NO: J.H. 001.
027010 - Periodic Report: Taj Mahal. Archaeological Survey of India, Agra Circle, Bangladesh. [Paris], [UNESCO],
[2003]. 25p. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage convention; world heritage list; periodic reports; historic monuments; tombs;
tourism management; visitor flow; tourists; attendance rate; conservation; management; India.
// Taj Mahal, India (WHC 252)
028042 - Sobre historia y restauración del monumento (o de la diferencia entre San Juan de Baños y el Taj Mahall).
Caballero Zoreda, Luis. Barcelona, Diputació, 2002. p.41-51, illus. (Quaderns científics i tècnics de restauració
monumental. 13) (spa). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: restoration of historic monuments; theory of restoration.
// Taj Mahall, India // San Juan de Baños, Palencia, Spain
ACCESSION NO: K-395. ISBN: 84-7794-883-6.
030720 - Architetural discourse. Rotne, Georg K.S. Copenhagen, The Royal Academy of Fine Arts, School of
Architecture, 2007. 47 p., illus. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: theory of architecture; architecture; historic monuments; modern architecture; houses;
architects.
// Le Corbusier // Le Thoronet, France // Taj Mahal, India ACCESSION NO: 14615-2.
97
035196 - Marble discoloration at the Taj Mahal : a proposed explanation. Hicks, B. B.; Kumari, Manju. Washington,
US/ICOMOS, 1987. p. 325-332, illus. In: "8th ICOMOS General Assembly and International Symposium 'Old cultures
in new worlds'. Symposium papers. Volume I" (eng). Incl. bibl. and abstract in English and Frech.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic monuments; world heritage list; marble; air pollution; weathering; deterioration;
stone; India.
// Taj Mahal, India (WHC 252)
ACCESSION NO: 9806. URL: http://www.international.icomos.org/publications/wash44.pdf
035673 - Three-dimensional finite element analysis of Taj Mahal structure. Viladkar, M.N.; Bhandari, N.M.; Godbole,
P.N.; Trikha, D.N. Delhi, MacMillan, 2007. p. 1099-1106, illus. In: "Structural analysis of historical constructions:
possibilities of numerical and experimental techniques: Vol. 2" (eng). Incl. bibl. and abstract.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: 3D; modelling; structural surveys; consolidation of materials; masonry; India.
// Taj Mahal, India
1984- Sun Temple, Konarak / Tempel du Soleil à Konarak (Criteria i - iii - vi)
Brief description
On the shores of the Bay of Bengal, bathed in the rays of the rising sun, the temple at Konarak is a
monumental representation of the sun god Surya's chariot; its 24 wheels are decorated with symbolic
designs and it is led by a team of six horses. Built in the 13th century, it is one of India's most famous
Brahman sanctuaries.
Briève description
Au bord du golfe du Bengale, dans le prolongement des rayons du soleil levant, le temple de Konarak
est une représentation monumentale du char du dieu-soleil Surya, aux vingt-quatre roues
e
abondamment sculptées de motifs symboliques, et de son attelage de six chevaux. Construit au XIII
siècle, c'est l'un des plus célèbres sanctuaires brahmaniques de l'Inde.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
001084 - Icomos evaluation. Le Temple du Soleil, Konarâk. The Sun Temple, Konarak (eng). Icomos. Paris, Icomos,
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; temples; India; historical surveys.
// Sun Temple, Konarak, India (WHC 146)
001198 - Plan. [Sun Temple]. sl, 1950. 1 plan. (The Sun Temple, Konarak (India)) (eng). Location of the Sun Temple.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; historic monuments; temples; India; plans.
// Sun Temple, Konarak (India)
002492 - Plan. Site plan of Konarak Temple. Calcutta, Department of Archaeology, 1950. 1 plan. (The Sun Temple,
Konarak (India)) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; temples; India; plans.
002493 - Plan. Detailed Site Plan of Sun Temple at Konarak, dist. Puri., Orissa. showing the demarcated area.
Calcutta, Archaeological Survey of India, 1984. 1 plan. (The Sun Temple, Konarak (India)) (eng). Legend: area within
red lines transferred to A.S.I.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: perimeter of protection. // Sun Temple, Konarak (India)
98
002494 - Photo. [Sun Temple]. Calcutta, Archaeological Survey of India, n.d. 1 photo: b
w, 16x21 cm. (The Sun Temple, Konarak (India)) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; temples; India; photographs.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: general views. // Sun Temple, Konarak (India)
ACCESSION NO: WHC 246. CALL NO: Photo: 1.
002495 - Photo. Pagode du char solaire (13e siècle). The Sun Chariot Pagoda (13th century) (eng). Cart. Paris,
Unesco, 1963. 2 photos: b
w, 18x24 cm. (The Sun Temple, Konarak (India)) (same text in ). Legend: vue générale, une joueuse de cymbales.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; temples; India; photographs.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: general views; sculptures. // Sun Temple, Konarak (India)
003020 - Nomination form. Ancient monuments of Black Pagoda (Sun Temple). Archaeological Survey of India. New
Delhi, Archaeological Survey of India, 1982. 3 p. (The Sun Temple, Konarak (India)) (engalso in fre). Anciens
monuments de la Pagode Noire (Temple du soleil). fre. Date received: 15-10-82/ Mitra, D./ Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: World heritage list; temples; India; nomination forms.
009911 - Konarak, report on the structural condition and the preservation of the stone of the Great Sun Temple.
Feilden, Bernard M.; Beckmann, P. London, Iccrom, 1987. 39 p, illus. (eng). Technical cooperation, World Heritage
Convention.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: temples; structural surveys; foundations of buildings; masonry; stone; decorations and
ornaments; treatments; India.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: expert reports; recommendations; management of archaeological sites.
// Great Sun Temple, Konarak (India)
ACCESSION NO: 9633.
012148 - Le temple du soleil à Konarak, Inde. Parent, Michel. [s.l.], [s.n.], [s.d.]. 3 slides : col. (fre). Listed as WHC
246 in 1984. Origin: M. Parent.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; historic monuments and sites; hindu architecture; temples; architectural
sculpture; high reliefs; bas-reliefs; stone; India.
CALL NO: IN.KON.06:1-3. (restricted).
012149 - Le Temple du soleil à Konarak, Inde. Parent, Michel. ICOMOS. [s.l.], [s.n.], [s.d.]. 13 slides : col. (fre). From
dossier WHC 246 listed in 1980. Legends on mounts. Origin: ICOMOS, M. Parent.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; historic monuments and sites; temples; hindu architecture; stone;
architectural sculpture; bas-reliefs; high reliefs; decorations and ornaments; India.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: slides. // Sun Temple, Konarak (India)
CALL NO: IN.KON.05:1-13 (WHC 246).
018595 - Temple of the Sun in Konârak. Singh, Madanjeet. Madrid, UNESCO, 1998. p. 72-79, illus., maps. (World
Heritage Review. 10, 1998) (same text in eng, fre, spa). Temple du Soleil à Konârak. fre. templo del Sol en Konârak.
spa.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: hindu architecture; historic monuments; world heritage list; temples; high reliefs; India. // Sun
Temple in Konârak, India (WHC 246)
027012 - Periodic Report: Sun Temple, Konarak. Archaeological Survey of India. [Paris], [UNESCO], [2003]. 82p.,
illus., maps. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage convention; world heritage list; periodic reports; temples; historic monuments;
conservation; management; tourists; attendance rate; India.
// Sun Temple, Konarak, India (WHC 246)
033504 - The red paint, lime-washes and plasters on Bhuvaneswar and Konarak temples. Gairola T.R. New Delhi,
Archaeological Survey of India, 1950. p.103-107, illus. (Ancient India: Bulletin of the Archaeological Survey of India. 6)
(eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: temples; sculptures; analysis of materials; lime; gypsum; plaster; mortar; India.
// Konarak, India // Muktesvara Temple, Bhubaneswar, India
99
1984- Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram / Ensemble de monuments de
Mahabalipuram (Criteria i - ii - iii - vi)
Brief description
This group of sanctuaries, founded by the Pallava kings, was carved out of rock along the Coromandel
coast in the 7th and 8th centuries. It is known especially for its rathas (temples in the form of chariots),
mandapas (cave sanctuaries), giant open-air reliefs such as the famous 'Descent of the Ganges', and
the temple of Rivage, with thousands of sculptures to the glory of Shiva.
Briève description
e
Cet ensemble de sanctuaires, dû aux souverains Pallava, fut creusé dans le roc et construit aux VII et
e
VIII siècles sur la côte de Coromandel. Il comprend notamment des rathas (temples en forme de
chars), des mandapas (sanctuaires rupestres), de gigantesques reliefs en plein air, comme la célèbre
« Descente du Gange », et le temple du Rivage, aux milliers de sculptures à la gloire de Shiva.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
001847 - Icomos evaluation. Ensemble de monuments de Mahabalipuram. Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram
(eng). Icomos. Paris, Icomos, 1984. 2 p. (same text in eng, fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; historic monuments; temples; India; historical surveys. SECONDARY
KEYWORDS: evaluations.
// Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram, India (WHC 249)
001848 - Plan. General plan of Mahabalipuram. Vinayagam, R. Madras, Archaeological Survey of India, 1984. 1 plan.
(Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram (India)) (eng). Legend: protected area, area already prohibited.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: perimeter of protection. // Mahabalipuram (India)
001849 - Photo. Mamallapuram (seven pagodas): site plan. Madras, Archaeological Survey of India, sd. 1 plan.
(Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram (India)) (eng). Photograph of plan. Location and identification of 23
monuments.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; historic monuments; temples; India; photographs; plans. //
Mahabalipuram (India)
001850 - Photo. [Mahabalipuram]. Madras, Archaeological Survey of India, snd. 17 photos:
b & w, 15x20 cm. (Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram (India)) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; historic monuments; temples; India; photographs.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: general views; architectural details.
// Mahabalipuram (India) // Mahisamardini Cave, Mahabalipuram (India) // Trimurti Cave Temple, Mahabalipuram
(India) // Varahamandapa, Mahabalipuram (India) // Tiger-headed Cave, Saluvankuppam, Mahabalipuram (India) //
Dharmaraja-ratha, Mahabalipuram (India) // Ghima-ratha, Mahabalipuram (India) // Arjuna-ratha, Mahabalipuram
(India) // Shore Temple, Mahabalipuram (India)
002496 - Nomination form. Group of Monuments, Mahabalipuram. Archaeological Survey of India. New Delhi,
Archaeological Survey of India, 1982. 7 p. (Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram (India)) (engalso in fre). Ensemble
de monuments de Mahabalipuram. fre. Date received: 15-10-82/ Mitra, D./ Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; historic monuments; temples; India; nomination forms.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: historical surveys; conservation policy; caves; bas-reliefs.
// Mahabalipuram (India)
100
007363 - Congrès international sur l'altération et la conservation de la pierre. 5th. Lausanne, 1985. Conservation of
Shore Temple, Mahabalipuram and Kailasanatha Temple, Kancheepuram. Subbaraman, S. Lausanne, Presses
polytechniques romandes, 1985. p. 1025-1033, illus. (eng). Congrès international sur l'altération et la conservation de
la pierre. 2. Incl. ref.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: stone; conservation; deterioration; temples; buddhist architecture; sandstone; granite; rock
cut architecture; India; proceedings of conferences.
// Shore temple, Mahabalipuram (India) // Kailasanatha temple, Kancheepuram (India)
012090 - Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram, India. Dalibard, J. [s.l.], [s.n.], [s.d.]. 37 slides : col. (fre). Listed as
WHC 249 in 1984. Mounts: JUN 84 51.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; historic monuments and sites; buddhist architecture; hindu architecture;
architectural sculpture; high reliefs; bas-reliefs; stone; erosion; caves; stone carving; India.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: slides; general views. // Mahabalipuram, Madras (India)
CALL NO: IN.MAH.14:1-37. (restricted).
013543 - Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram, India. Parent, Michel. (s.l.),, (s.n.),, (s.d.). 21 slides: col. (fre). Listed
as WHC 249 in 1984. Mission M. Parent to India in December 1987. Legends on mounts.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; caves; Hindu architecture; India.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: temples; historic monuments and sites; rock cut architecture; bas-reliefs; columns;
slides.
// Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram (India)
CALL NO: IN.MAH.28:1-21.
divin. re.
027016 - Periodic Report: Group of Monuments, Mahabalipuram. Archaeological Survey of India. [Paris], [UNESCO],
[2003]. [28p.]. (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage convention; world heritage list; periodic reports; archaeological heritage;
archaeological sites; historic monuments; temples; conservation; management; monitoring; sculptures; high reliefs;
bas-reliefs; India.
// Group of Monuments, Mahabalipuram (WHC 249)
1985- Kaziranga National Park / Parc national de Kaziranga (Criteria ix - x)
Brief description
In the heart of Assam, this park is one of the last areas in eastern India undisturbed by a human
presence. It is inhabited by the world's largest population of one-horned rhinoceroses, as well as many
mammals, including tigers, elephants, panthers and bears, and thousands of birds.
Briève description
En plein cœur de l'Assam, le parc de Kaziranga, l'une des dernières zones de l'Inde du Nord qui
n'aient pas été modifiées par l'homme, abrite la plus importante population de rhinocéros unicornes du
monde, ainsi que de nombreux autres mammifères Ŕ tigres, éléphants, panthères, ours Ŕ et des
milliers d'oiseaux.
101
1985- Manas Wildlife Sanctuary / Sanctuaire de faune de Manas (Criteria vii - ix - x)
Brief description
On a gentle slope in the foothills of the Himalayas, where wooded hills give way to alluvial grasslands
and tropical forests, the Manas sanctuary is home to a great variety of wildlife, including many
endangered species, such as the tiger, pygmy hog, Indian rhinoceros and Indian elephant.
Briève description
Dans une zone des contreforts de l'Himalaya où alternent collines boisées, prairies alluviales et forêts
tropicales, le sanctuaire de Manas abrite une faune d'une extrême richesse qui comprend de
nombreuses espèces menacées, comme le tigre, le sanglier nain, ainsi que le rhinocéros et l'éléphant
indiens
- Nomination file
1985- Keoladeo National Park / Parc national de Keoladeo (Criterion x)
Brief description
This former duck-hunting reserve of the Maharajas is one of the major wintering areas for large
numbers of aquatic birds from Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, China and Siberia. Some 364 species of
birds, including the rare Siberian crane, have been recorded in the park.
Briève description
Ancienne réserve princière de chasse au canard, le parc national de Keoladeo reste un lieu
d'hivernage majeur pour des myriades d'oiseaux d'eau venus d'Afghanistan, du Turkménistan, de
Chine et de Sibérie. On y a dénombré 364 espèces d'oiseaux, dont la rare grue sibérienne.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
102
1986- Churches and Convents of Goa / Églises et couvents de Goa
(Criteria ii - iv - vi)
Brief description
The churches and convents of Goa, the former capital of the Portuguese Indies Ŕ particularly the
Church of Bom Jesus, which contains the tomb of St Francis-Xavier Ŕ illustrate the evangelization of
Asia. These monuments were influential in spreading forms of Manueline, Mannerist and Baroque art
in all the countries of Asia where missions were established.
Briève description
Ancienne capitale des Indes portugaises, Goa a conservé un ensemble d'églises et de couvents qui
illustrent l'activité des missionnaires en Asie, en particulier l'église du Bom Jesus où se trouve le
tombeau de saint François Xavier. Ces monuments ont exercé une influence dans tous les pays de
mission d'Asie, diffusant à la fois les modèles de l'art manuélin, du maniérisme et du baroque.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
003782 - The Hindu past : sculpture and architecture. Mitterwallner, Gritli v. Bombay, Marg publications, 1983. p. 2140, illus., plans. (Marg. 35, 3) (eng). Incl. ref.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: hindu architecture; colonial architecture; India.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: temples; archaeological surveys; re-use of materials; historical surveys; religious
architecture; archaeological remains; basalt; destruction of cultural heritage; monolithic monuments; wall paintings;
shrines; churches; decorations and ornaments. // Goa (India)
003784 - Temples sanctuaries : expressions of Devotion. Doshi, Saryu; Shirodkar, P.P. Bombay, Marg publications,
1983. p. 53-60, illus. (Marg. 35, 3) (eng). Incl. ref.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: hindu architecture; temples; India.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: customs and traditions; religious architecture; historical surveys; shrines; cultural
identity. // Goa (India)
003785 - The Christian Impress : churches and cloisters. Velinkar, S.J. Bombay, Marg publications, 1983. p. 61-76,
illus. (Marg. 35, 3) (eng). Incl. ref.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: hindu architecture; churches; India.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: religious architecture; monastic and conventual buildings; historical surveys; architecture
history; cathedrals; customs and traditions; colonial architecture; conversion of buildings. // Goa (India)
003786 - Miraculous loaves and fishes. Nissen, Foy. Bombay, Marg publications, 1983. p. 97-99, illus. (Marg. 35, 3)
(eng). Incl. ref.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: hindu architecture; decorations and ornaments; India.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: colonial architecture; housing; vernacular architecture; stylistic analysis. // Goa (India)
011982 - Eglise et Monastères de Goa, Inde. [s.l.], [s.n.], [s.d.]. 41 slides : col. (Churches and convents of Goa, India.
slides 1-42) (fre). Mounts: AVR 85. Listed as WHC 243 in 1986.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; churches; colonial architecture; paintings; interior spaces; altars;
decorations and ornaments; domes; ruins; wall paintings; decorative patterns; bas-reliefs; architectural sculpture;
frescoes; beams; ceilings; mutilation; India. SECONDARY KEYWORDS: slides.
// Eglise St. Gaëtan, Goa (India) // Eglise Ste. Catherine, Goa (India) // Tour St. Augustine, Goa (India) // Eglise Ste.
Manique, Goa (India) // Eglise St. François d'Anise, Goa (India)
CALL NO: IN.GOA.21:-02-42. (restricted).
103
011983 - Eglise et Monastères de Goa, India. Office national de tourisme Indien. [s.l.], [s.n.], [s.d.]. 1 slides : col.
(Churches and convents of Goa, India. slides 1-42) (fre). Listed as WHC 243 in 1986. Origin: Office national de
tourisme Indien.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; basilicas; facades; India.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: slides; general views. // Goa (India)
CALL NO: IN.GOA.21:01-. (restricted).
020766 - Goa. Culture of living. Agnihotri, Manjit Rai. Pamplona, Gobierno de Navarra, 2002. p.467-475. (eng). In: "El
patrimonio intangible y otros aspectos relativos a los itinerarios culturales".
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: cultural routes; intangible heritage; India. // Goa, India
026976 - Periodic Report: Churches and Convents of Goa. Archaeological Survey of India, Goa Mini Circle. [Paris],
[UNESCO], [2003]. [19p.]. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage convention; world heritage list; periodic reports; hindu architecture; churches;
convents; religious architecture; conservation; management; monitoring; attendance rate; India.
// Churches and Convents of Goa, India (WHC 234)
1986- Khajuraho Group of Monuments / Ensemble monumental de Khajuraho
(Criteria i - iii)
Brief description
The temples at Khajuraho were built during the Chandella dynasty, which reached its apogee between
950 and 1050. Only about 20 temples remain; they fall into three distinct groups and belong to two
different religions Ŕ Hinduism and Jainism. They strike a perfect balance between architecture and
sculpture. The Temple of Kandariya is decorated with a profusion of sculptures that are among the
greatest masterpieces of Indian art.
Briève description
Œuvre de la dynastie des Chandella, qui connut son apogée entre 950 et 1050, les temples de
Khajuraho dont il ne subsiste plus qu'une vingtaine se répartissent en trois groupes distincts. Ils
appartiennent à deux religions différentes, l'hindouisme et le jaïnisme et réalisent une synthèse
exemplaire entre l'architecture et la sculpture. C'est ainsi que le temple de Kandariya est décoré d'une
profusion de sculptures qui comptent parmi les plus grands chefs-d'œuvre de la plastique indienne.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
012150 - Khajuraho group of Monuments, India. Savatier, F. ICOMOS. [s.l.], [s.n.], [s.d.]. 6 slides : col. (fre).
Copyrighted. Listed as WHC 240 in 1986. Origin: ICOMOS, F. Savatier.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; historic monuments and sites; hindu architecture; temples; sculptures;
high reliefs; bas-reliefs; architectural sculpture; India.
// Western group, Khajuraho Group of Monuments (India) // Parsvanatha Temple, Eastern Group, Khajuraho Group of
Monuments (India)
CALL NO: IN.KHA.03:1-6 (WHC 240).
017648 - Symposium on stone decay in tropical conditions. Treament of Monuments at Khajuraho M. P.. Sharmu,
B.R.N. 6 p. (eng). Incl. list of papers, curriculum vitae.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: stone; weathering; climatic factors; tropical zones; biological factors; chemical treatment;
India.
// Khajuraho, India (WHC 240)
CALL NO: Pi. 065.
104
divin. re.
026979 - Periodic Report: Khajuraho Group of Monuments. Archaeological Survey of India. [Paris], [UNESCO],
[2003]. 88p. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage convention; world heritage list; periodic reports; historic monuments; hindu
architecture; temples; sculptures; legislation; cultural tourism; tourists; management; monitoring; attendance rate;
India.
// Khajuraho Group of Monuments, India (WHC 255)
1986- Group of Monuments at Hampi / Ensemble monumental de Hampi
(Criteria i - iii -iv)
Brief dscription
The austere, grandiose site of Hampi was the last capital of the last great Hindu Kingdom of
Vijayanagar. Its fabulously rich princes built Dravidian temples and palaces which won the admiration
of travellers between the 14th and 16th centuries. Conquered by the Deccan Muslim confederacy in
1565, the city was pillaged over a period of six months before being abandoned.
Briève description
Hampi est le site, austère et grandiose, de la dernière capitale du dernier grand royaume hindou de
Vijayanagar, dont les princes extrêmement riches firent édifier des temples dravidiens et des palais
e
e
qui firent l'admiration des voyageurs entre le XIV et le XVI siècle. Conquise par la Confédération
islamique du Deccan en 1565, la ville fut livrée au pillage pendant six mois, puis abandonnée.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
003472 - The Meeting of kings and gods : the royal centre at Vijayanagara. Fritz, John; Michell, George. Roma,
Islamic Environmental Research Centre, 1984. p. 39-45, illus. (Environmental Design) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic town centres; architecture history; temples; hindu architecture; India. SECONDARY
KEYWORDS: archaeological sites; world heritage list.
// Vijayanagara, Hampi (India)
ACCESSION NO: 8077.
105
009537 - Hampi-Vijayanagar (India); historical sketch and problems of conservation. Filliozat, Pierre-Sylvain; Filliozat,
Vasundhara. Naples, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, 1987. p. 13-32, illus. (Icomos Information. 4) (eng). Special issue
dedicated to the World Heritage Convention.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list. // Hampi-Vijayanagar (India)
ACCESSION NO: k-286.
010051 - International Seminar. Hampi Vijayanagara, 1987. Conservation and Preservation of Cultural Heritage.
Hampi, Government of Karnataka, Directorate of Archaeology and Museums, 1987. [var. pag.]. (eng). Unpublished;
incl. 12 contributions.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: protection of cultural heritage; archaeological sites; palaces; historic towns; towers;
conservation policy; legal aspects; public awareness; India.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: theory of conservation; world heritage list; proceedings of conferences;
recommendations. // Hampi, Karnataka (India) // Kalayat, Haryana (India) // Palace, Mysore (India) // Jaipur,
Rajasthan (India) // Qutb Minar, Delhi (India)
ACCESSION NO: 9743.
011359 - The Royal Centre at Vijayanagara: Preliminary Report. Fritz, John M.; Michell, George; Nagaraja Rao, M.S.
Victoria, University of Melbourne, 1984. 158 p., illus. (Monograph Series. 4) (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: town archaeological sites; descriptions; architecture history; temples; shrines; palaces; India.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: typological analysis; world heritage list. // Hampi (India)
011980 - Group of Monuments at Hampi, India. Filliozat. [s.l.], [s.n.], [s.d.]. 14 slides : col. (Photos from Hampi and
Anegomdi, India, July 1986. Boîte II) (frealso in eng). Listed as WHC 241 in 1986. Formerly numbered 19-32 and part
of box II. Mounts: 11/86. Legends on mounts. Accompanying material: narrative legends.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; temples; fortifications; ruins; restoration; pillars; stone; India.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: slides. // Temple de Virupakhsa, Hampi (India) // Temple de Krishua, Hampi (India)
CALL NO: IN.HAM.15:1-14. (restricted).
012089 - Hampi and its historic monuments, Hampi, India. Filliozat. [s.l.], [s.n.], [s.d.]. 18 slides : col. (fre). Listed as
WHC 241 in 1986. Mounts: 05/84 and legends.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; historic monuments and sites; temples; roads; ruins; colonnades; India.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: slides; general views; aerial photography.
// Krishua Temple, Hampi (India) // Temple de Vittala, Hampi (India)
CALL NO: IN.HAM.08:1-18 (WHC 241). (restricted).
012145 - Ensemble monumental de Hampi, Inde. Parent, Michel. [s.l.], [s.n.], [s.d.]. 5 slides : col. (fre). Listed as WHC
241 in 1986.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; historic monuments and sites; hindu architecture; temples; bas-reliefs;
architectural sculpture; domes; columns; India.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: slides. // Lotus Mahal, Hampi (India) // Temple de Hazara Rama, Hampi (India) // Ecurie
des éléphants, Hampi(India)
CALL NO: IN.HAM.07:1-5.
013537 - Group of Monuments at Hampi, India. (s.l.),, (s.n.),, (s.d.). 6 slides: col. (fre). Listed as WHC 241 in 1988.
Legends on mounts.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; historic monuments and sites; Hindu architecture; sanctuaries; India.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: columns; architectural details; slides.
// Group of Monuments at Hampi (India)
CALL NO: IN.HAM.34:1-6. (restricted).
013544 - Group of Monuments at Hampi, India. Parent, Michel. (s.l.),, (s.n.),, (s.d.). 29 slides: col. (fre). Listed as WHC
241 in 1986. Legends on mounts. Mission M. Parent to India in December 1987.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; Hindu architecture; India.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: columns; bas-reliefs statues; walls; facades; arches; slides.
// Group of Monuments at Hampi (India)
CALL NO: IN.HAM.29:1-29.
013545 - Group of Monuments at Hampi, India. Nivoliez. UNESCO. (s.l.),, (s.n.),, (s.d.). 1 slide: col. (fre). Listed as
WHC 241 in 1986. Legend on mount.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; Hindu architecture; temples; archaeological remains; India. SECONDARY
KEYWORDS: domes; arches; walls; slides. // Group of Monuments at Hampi (India)
CALL NO: IN.HAM.35:01.
India // Delhi, India ACCESSION NO: 13883. ISBN: 955-613-086-1.
106
026980 - Periodic Report: Group of Monuments at Hampi. Archaeological Survey of India. [Paris], [UNESCO], [2003].
213p. (eng). Incl. bibl.
architecture; cultural tourism; tourism management; management; monitoring; India.
// Group of Monuments at Hampi, India (WHC 255)
026985 - Periodic Report: Group of Monuments at Hampi. Archaeological Survey of India. [Paris], [UNESCO], [2003].
213p. (eng). Incl. bibl.
architecture; cultural tourism; tourism management; management; monitoring; India.
// Group of Monuments at Hampi, India (WHC 255)
033206 - Management of the HAMPI Project, India. Thakur, Nalini. Bonn, German Commission for UNESCO, 2007. p.
204-210. In: "Training strategies for World Heritage Management" (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; historic monuments; world heritage convention; management plans; India.
// HAMPI Project, India // Group of Monuments at Hampi, India (WHC 255)
1986- Fatehpur Sikri / Fatehpur Sikri (Criteria ii - iii - iv)
Brief description
Built during the second half of the 16th century by the Emperor Akbar, Fatehpur Sikri (the City of
Victory) was the capital of the Mughal Empire for only some 10 years. The complex of monuments and
temples, all in a uniform architectural style, includes one of the largest mosques in India, the Jama
Masjid.
Briève description
e
La « ville de la victoire », construite dans la seconde moitié du XVI siècle par l'empereur Akbar, ne fut
la capitale de l'Empire moghol que pendant une dizaine d'années. C'est un ensemble architectural
homogène avec de nombreux monuments et temples, dont une des plus
grandes mosquées de l'Inde, Jama Masjid.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
004317 - Fatehpur Sikri, integrated development plans. Jain, Kulbhushan. New Delhi, Government of India, [n.d.]. 91
p, illus., plans. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: archaeological sites; cultural tourism; enhancement; tourist facilities; conservation of
archaeological sites; India.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: islamic architecture; financial aspects; world heritage list.
// Fatehpur Sikri (India)
011958 - Fatehpur Sikri, Agra, Inde. Petruccioli, Attilio. [s.l.], [s.n.], [s.d.]. 7 slides : col. (fre). Listed as WHC 255 in
1986. Legends on slides. Earlier cataloging attributes A. Petruccioli as photographer but not certain from slides
alone. Condition: ave. Density: dark.
sites; archaeological surveys; urban archaeological sites; pools; palaces; kiosks; India. SECONDARY KEYWORDS:
slides; general views.
// Palais de Birbal, Fatehpur Sikri, Agra (India) // Panch Mahal, Fatehpur Sikri, Agra (India) // Astrologer's Seat,
011959 - Fatehpur Sikri, Agra, Inde. [s.l.], [s.n.], [s.d.]. 18 slides : col. + 1 p. (eng). From dossier WHC 255 listed in
1986. Accompanying material: legends.
107
sites; archaeological surveys; urban archaeological sites; tombs; palaces; gateways; towers; facades; pillars; domes;
arcades; decorative patterns; graves; India.
// Diwan-i-Khas, Fatehpur Sikri, Agra (India) // Panch Mahal, Fatehpur Sikri, Agra (India) // Khawabgah, Fatehpur
Sikri, Agra (India) // Badshahi Darwaja, Fatehpur Sikri, Agra (India) // Hiram Minar, Fatehpur Sikri, Agra (India) //
Mariyam's House, Fatehpur Sikri, Agra (India) // Buland Darwaja, Fatehpur Sikri, Agra (India) // Jodha Bais Palace,
011960 - Fatehpur Sikri, Agra, Inde. Petruccioli, Attilio. Environmental Design, Journal of the Islamic Environmental
Design Research Centre (Italy). [s.l.], [s.n.], [s.d.]. 11 slides : col.+ 2 p. (frealso in eng). Listed as WHC 255 in 1986.
Legends on slides. Accompanying material: expanded legends. Slides acquired: 26 Nov 1984.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; Islamic architecture; historic monuments and sites; human settlement
sites; archaeological surveys; urban archaeological sites; ruins; palaces; hindu architecture; pavilions; gateways;
caravanserails; India.
// Akbar's Palace, Fatehpur Sikri, Agra (India) // Tour Masjid, Fatehpur Sikri, Agra (India) // Selim Christi Quarters,
Fatehpur Sikri, Agra (India) // Ajmini Gate, Fatehpur Sikri, Agra (India)
CALL NO: IN.AGR.18:1-11.
026978 - Periodic Report: Fatehpur Sikri. Archaeological Survey of India, Agra Circle. [Paris], [UNESCO], [2003]. 27p.
(eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage convention; world heritage list; periodic reports; archaeological sites; islamic
architecture; conservation; management; monitoring; India.
// Fatehpur Sikri, India (WHC 255)
033502 - Repairs in Agra and Fatehpur Sikri :1944-49. Vats, Madho Sarup. New Delhi, Archaeological Survey of
India, 1950. p.91-99, illus. (Ancient India: Bulletin of the Archaeological Survey of India. 6) (eng). Incl. plans.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: archaeological sites; world heritage list; forts; historic monuments; conservation; restoration;
repairs; India.
// Fatehpur Sikri, India (WHC 255) // Agra fort, India (WHC 251)
1987- Group of Monuments at Pattadakal / Ensemble de monuments de
Pattadakal (Criteria iii - iv)
Brief description
Pattadakal, in Karnataka, represents the high point of an eclectic art which, in the 7th and 8th
centuries under the Chalukya dynasty, achieved a harmonious blend of architectural forms from
northern and southern India. An impressive series of nine Hindu temples, as well as a Jain sanctuary,
can be seen there. One masterpiece from the group stands out Ŕ the Temple of Virupaksha, built c.
740 by Queen Lokamahadevi to commemorate her husband's victory over the kings from the South.
108
Briève description
e
e
Pattadakal, dans l'État du Karnâtaka, illustre l'apogée d'un art éclectique qui, aux VII et VIII siècles,
sous l'égide de la dynastie des Châlukya, sut réaliser une heureuse synthèse des formes
architecturales du nord et du sud de l'Inde. On y trouve une imposante série de neuf temples
hindouistes, ainsi qu'un sanctuaire jaïn. Dans ce groupe se détache un pur chef-d'œuvre, le temple de
Virûpâksha, élevé vers 740 par la reine Lokamahadevi pour commémorer la victoire de son époux sur
les souverains du Sud.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
027014 - Periodic Report: Group of Monuments at Pattadakal. Archaeological Survey of India, New Delhi. [Paris],
[UNESCO], [2003]. 52p., illus. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage convention; world heritage list; periodic reports; hindu architecture; historic
monuments; temples; conservation; management; monitoring; legislation; India.
// Group of Monuments at Pattadakal, India (WHC 239)
1987- Elephanta Caves / Grottes d'Elephanta (Criteria i - iii)
Brief description
The 'City of Caves', on an island in the Sea of Oman close to Bombay, contains a collection of rock art
linked to the cult of Shiva. Here, Indian art has found one of its most perfect expressions, particularly
the huge high reliefs in the main cave.
Briève description
Sur une île de la mer d'Oman au large de Bombay, la « cité des grottes » constitue un ensemble
rupestre typique du culte de Shiva où l'art de l'Inde a trouvé l'une de ses expressions les plus
parfaites, notamment dans les gigantesques hauts-reliefs de la grotte principale.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
013529 - Elephanta Caves, Maharashtra, India. (s.l.),, (s.n.),, (s.d.). 12 slides: col. and b
w. (eng). Listed as WHC 244 in 1987. Legends on 6 mounts.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; rock cut architecture; caves; sculptures; India.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: Hindu architecture; columns; rock cut reliefs; rock art sites; slides.
// Elephanta Caves, Maharashtra (India) CALL NO: IN.EPH.24:1-12. (restricted).
109
divin. re.
026977 - Periodic Report: Elephanta Caves. Archaeological Survey of India. [Paris], [UNESCO], [2003]. 29p. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage convention; world heritage list; periodic reports; caves; natural sites;
conservation; management; monitoring; tourists; attendance rate; India.
// Elephanta Caves, India (WHC 244)
1987 - Great Living Chola Temples / Les grands temples vivants Chola
(Criteria ii - iii)
Brief description
The great Temple of Tanjore (Thanjavur) was built between 1003 and 1010 in the reign of the great
King Rajaraja, founder of the Chola Empire which stretched over all of South India and the
neighbouring islands. Surrounded by two rectangular enclosures, the Brihadisvara Temple (built from
blocks of granite and, in part, from bricks) is crowned with a pyramidal 13-storey tower, the vimana,
standing 61 m high and topped with a bulb-shaped monolith. The walls of the temple are covered with
rich sculptural decoration.
Extension: Situated in the southern state of Tamil Nadu, the site includes the three great 11th and
12th century Chola Temples: the Brihadisvara temples of Thanjavur and Gangaikondacholisvaram,
and the Airatesvara temple at Darasuram. Built by King Rajaraja, founder of the Chola Empire that
encompassed the south of India and neighbouring islands and lasted until 1200 AD, the Brihadisvara
temple is crowned by a pyramidal 65-m vimana, a sanctum tower. Its walls are covered with rich
sculptural decoration. The second Brihadisvara temple complex built by Rajendra I, was completed in
1035. Its 53-m vimana has recessed corners and a graceful upward curving movement, contrasting
with the straight and severe tower at Thanjavur. It has six pairs of massive, monolithic dvarapalas
statues guarding the entrances and bronzes of remarkable beauty inside. The Airavatesvara temple
complex, built by Rajaraja II, at Darasuram features a 24-m vimana and a stone image of Shiva. The
temples testify to the Cholas brilliant achievements in architecture, sculpture, painting, and bronze
casting.
Briève description
Deux grands temples de Chola (du XI et XIIe siècles) viennent compléter le Temple de Brihadisvara à
Thanjavur, inscrit en 1987. Les grands temples vivants de Chola ont été construits par les rois de
l‟empire de Chola qui s‟étendait sur l‟ensemble de l‟Inde méridionale et sur les îles voisines. Le site
comprend désormais les trois grands temples Chola des XIe et XIIe siècles : le temple de Brihadisvara
de Thanjavur, le temple de Brihadisvara de Gangaikondacholisvaram et le temple d‟Airavatesvara de
110
Darasuram. Le temple de Gangaikondacholisvaram, érigé par Rajendra I, a été achevé en 1035. Sa
vinama (tour sanctuaire) de 53 m. est caractérisée par des angles disposés en retrait élégamment
incurvés vers le haut, contrairement à la stricte et droite tour du temple de Tanjore. Les entrées sont
gardées par six paires de dvarapalas monolithiques massifs et l‟intérieur renferme des bronzes
admirables. Le temple d‟Airavatesvara, érigé par Rajaraja II à Darasuram, comporte une vimana de 24
m. et une image en pierre de Shiva. Ces temples témoignent des brillantes réalisations de l‟ère Chola
en architecture, peinture, sculpture et statuaire en bronze.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
027032 - Periodic Report: Great Living Chola Temples: Brihadisuara Temple, Thanjavur. Archaeological Surveys of
India. [Paris], [UNESCO], [2003]. [23p.]. (also in eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage convention; world heritage list; periodic reports; management; conservation;
monitoring; temples; religious architecture; India.
// Great Living Chola Temples: Brihadisuara Temple, Thanjavur, India (WHC 250)
033291 - The Chola temples: Thanjavur, Gangaikondacholapuram and Darasuram. Sivaramamurty, C. NewDelhi,
Archaeological survey of India, 1973. 48p., illus. (eng). Incl.bibl.and glossary.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: religious architecture; temples; Hindu architecture; world heritage list; stone carving; India.
// Chola temples, India (WHC 250)
ACCESSION NO: 15669. CALL NO: Arch.640.
1987- Sundarbans National Park / Parc National des Sundarbans (Criteria ix - x)
Brief description
The Sundarbans covers 10,000 sq. km of land and water (more than half of it in India, the rest in
Bangladesh) in the Ganges delta. It contains the world's largest area of mangrove forests. A number
of rare or endangered species live in the park, including tigers, aquatic mammals, birds and reptiles.
Briève description
2
Les Sundarbans couvrent 10 000 km de terre et d'eau (dont plus de la moitié en Inde, le reste au
Bangladesh) dans le delta du Gange. On y trouve la plus grande région de forêts de mangroves du
monde. Plusieurs espèces rares ou menacées vivent dans le parc, dont des tigres, des mammifères
aquatiques, des oiseaux et des reptiles.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
111
1988- Nanda Devi National Park / Parc National de Nanda Devi (Criteria vii - x)
Brief description
The Nanda Devi National Park is one of the most spectacular wilderness areas in the Himalayas. It is
dominated by the peak of Nanda Devi, which rises to over 7,800 m. No humans live in the park, which
has remained more or less intact because of its inaccessibility. It is the habitat of several endangered
mammals, especially the snow leopard, Himalayan musk deer and bharal.
Briève description
Le parc national de Nanda Devi est l'une des zones naturelles les plus spectaculaires de l'Himalaya,
dominée par le pic du Nanda Devi qui culmine à 7 817 m. Il n'abrite aucun établissement humain et
est resté à peu près intact grâce à son inaccessibilité. Il est l'habitat de plusieurs mammifères
menacés, notamment la panthère des neiges, le chevrotin porte-musc et le bharal.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
018508 - High Mountains Areas of the World Heritage. UNESCO, World Heritage Center. Madrid, Unesco, 1996.
p.40-49, illus. (World Heritage Review. 2, 1996) (same text in eng, spa, fre). La Alta Montaña del Patrimonio Mundial.
Spa. La haute Montagne du Patrimoine Mondial. Fre.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: natural heritage; natural sites; mountains; national parks; world heritage list; photographs.
// Kluane and Wrangal-St. Elias National Park, Canada and USA (WHC 72) // Sangay National Park, Ecuador (WHC
260) // Huascarán National Park, Peru (WHC 333) // Los Glaciales, Argentina (WHC 145) // Kilimanjaro National Park,
United Republic of Tanzania (WHC 403) // Rwenzori Mountains National Park, Uganda (WHC 684) // Nanda Devi
National Park, India (WHC 335) // Sagarmantha National Park, Nepal (WHC 120)
1989 Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi / Monuments bouddhiques de Sânchi
(Criteria i - ii - iii - iv - vi)
Brief description
On a hill overlooking the plain and about 40 km from Bhopal, the site of Sanchi comprises a group of
Buddhist monuments (monolithic pillars, palaces, temples and monasteries) all in different states of
conservation most of which date back to the 2nd and 1st centuries B.C. It is the oldest Buddhist
sanctuary in existence and was a major Buddhist centre in India until the 12th century A.D.
Briève description
Sur une colline dominant la plaine, à une quarantaine de kilomètres de Bhopal, le site de Sânchî
regroupe des monuments bouddhiques (piliers monolithes, palais, temples et monastères),
er
e
inégalement conservés, remontant pour l'essentiel aux I et II siècle av. J.-C. C'est le plus ancien
e
sanctuaire bouddhique existant et il est resté un centre essentiel du bouddhisme en Inde jusqu'au XII
siècle.
112
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
ACCESSION NO: 8873.
013527 - Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi, India. Parent, M. (s.l.),, (s.n.),, (s.d.). 30 slides: col. (fre). Listed as WHC
524 in 1989. Mission M. Parent. Legends on mounts.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; Buddhist architecture; stupas; monasteries; India -temples; sculptures;
architectural details; gates; columns; slides. // Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi (India)
CALL NO: IN.SAN.26:1-21.
013528 - Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi, District Vidisha, India. (s.l.),, (s.n.),, (s.d.). 15 slides: col. + 1p. (eng). From
dossier WHC 524 in 1989. Legends on most mounts. Accompanying material: legends. PRIMARY KEYWORDS:
world heritage list; stupas; Buddhist architecture; gates; India.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: sculptures; temples; slides.
// Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi (India)
CALL NO: IN.SAN.25:1-15 (WHC 524). (restricted).
016769 - The issue of access conditions at the Shirakami-Sanchi World Heritage Area. Saito, Norio. Paris, UNESCO,
1999. p.155-159. (eng). In : "World Natural Heritage and the local community", Incl.bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; natural heritage; local communities; access; management; local level;
Japan. // IUCN // Shirakami-Sanchi, Japan (WHC 663)
divin. re.
026975 - Periodic Report: Buddhist Monuments et Sanchi. Archaeological Survey of India. [Paris], [UNESCO], [2003].
77p. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage convention; world heritage list; periodic reports; historic monuments; buddhist
architecture; conservation; management; monitoring; tourists; attendance rate; India.
// Buddhist Monuments et Sanchi, India (WHC 524)
113
1993- Humayun's Tomb, Delhi / Tombe de Humayun, Delhi (Criteria ii - iv)
Brief description
This tomb, built in 1570, is of particular cultural significance as it was the first garden-tomb on the
Indian subcontinent. It inspired several major architectural innovations, culminating in the construction
of the Taj Mahal.
Briève description
Cette sépulture, construite en 1570, a une signification culturelle exceptionnelle car c'est le premier
exemple de tombe-jardin sur le sous-continent indien. Elle a inspiré d'importantes innovations
architecturales qui virent leur apogée avec la construction du Taj Mahal.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
026974 - Periodic Report: Humanyun's Tomb, Delhi. Archaeological Survey of India. [Paris], [UNESCO], [2003].
[28p.]. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage convention; world heritage list; periodic reports; tombs; funerary architecture;
legislation; conservation; management; monitoring; tourism management; attendance rate; India.
// Humayuns Tomb, Delhi, India (WHC 232)
033127 - Solar radiation measurements and modelling at the Humayun's tomb, New Delhi. Finkenstein, Claudia;
Petzold, Hans; Haupl, Peter. Delhi, MacMillan, 2007. p. 659-666, illus. In: "Structural analysis of historical
constructions: possibilities of numerical and experimental techniques: vol.1" (eng). Incl. bibl. and abstract.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic monuments; tombs; climatic factors; deterioration; numerical simulation; India.
// Humayun's tomb, New Delhi
114
1993- Qutb Minar and its Monuments, Delhi / Qutb Minar et ses monuments,
Delhi (Criterion iv)
Brief description
Built in the early 13th century a few kilometres south of Delhi, the red sandstone tower of Qutb Minar
is 72.5 m high, tapering from 2.75 m in diameter at its peak to 14.32 m at its base, and alternating
angular and rounded flutings. The surrounding archaeological area contains funerary buildings,
notably the magnificent Alai-Darwaza Gate, the masterpiece of Indo-Muslim art (built in 1311), and two
mosques, including the Quwwatu'l-Islam, the oldest in northern India, built of materials reused from
some 20 Brahman temples.
Briève description
e
Construit au début du XIII siècles à quelques kilomètres au sud de Delhi, le minaret de Qutb Minar
est une tour de grès rouge haute de 72,5 m, d'un diamètre de 14,32 m à la base et de 2,75 m au
sommet, avec des cannelures et des encorbellements de stalactites. La zone archéologique
avoisinante comprend des tombeaux, le magnifique portail d'Alai-Darwaza, chef-d'œuvre de l'art indomusulman bâti en 1311, et deux mosquées, dont celle de Quwwat-ul-Islam, la plus ancienne de l'Inde
du Nord, faite de matériaux provenant d'une vingtaine de temples brahmaniques.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
002149 - Glimpses of Muslim Architecture in India. Nath, R. Bombay, Marg publications, 1983. p.84-101, illus. (Marg.
35, 2) (eng). Incl. Bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: islamic architecture; mosques; re-use of materials; minarets; tombs; mausolea; architects.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: India. // Taj Mahal, Agra (India) // Qutb Minar, Delhi (India)
010051 - International Seminar. Hampi Vijayanagara, 1987. Conservation and Preservation of Cultural Heritage.
Hampi, Government of Karnataka, Directorate of Archaeology and Museums, 1987. [var. pag.]. (eng). Unpublished;
incl. 12 contributions.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: protection of cultural heritage; archaeological sites; palaces; historic towns; towers;
conservation policy; legal aspects; public awareness; India.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: theory of conservation; world heritage list; proceedings of conferences;
recommendations. // Hampi, Karnataka (India) // Kalayat, Haryana (India) // Palace, Mysore (India) // Jaipur,
Rajasthan (India) // Qutb Minar, Delhi (India)
ACCESSION NO: 9743.
013993 - Qutb Minar and its monuments, Delhi, India. (s.l.), (s.n.), (s.d.). 1 slide: bw (map). (eng). From WHC dossier
233 listed in 1993.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; islamic architecture; archaeological sites; India.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: maps; slides.
// Qutb Minar and its monuments, Delhi (India)
CALL NO: IN.QUT.41:01 (WHC 233). (restricted).
027011 - Periodic Report: Qutb Minar and Its Monuments, Delhi. Archaeological Survey of India. [Paris], [UNESCO],
[2003]. [45p.], illus., maps. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage convention; world heritage list; periodic reports; historic monuments; Islamic
architecture; archaeological sites; conservation; management; India.
// Qutb Minar and Its Monuments, Delhi, India (WHC 233)
033123 - Investigation techniques carried out on the Qutb Minar, New delhi, India. Ramos, Luís F.; Casarin, Filippo;
Algeri, Cristiano; Lourenço, Paulo B.; Modena, Claudio. Delhi, MacMillan, 2007. p. 633-640, illus. In: "Structural
analysis of historical constructions: possibilities of numerical and experimental techniques: vol.1" (eng). Incl. bibl. and
abstract.
115
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: islamic architecture; historic monuments; minarets; stone; earthquake resistance; structural
surveys; structural damage; numerical simulation; masonry; tests; India.
// Qutb Minar, New Delhi, India (WHC 233)
033670 - Problems of conservation of cultural property in India. Deshpande, M.N. New Delhi, Association for the
Study of Conservation of Cultural Property, 1973. p. 15-20. (Conservation of Cultural Property in India. VI) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: conservation of cultural heritage; conservation of historic sites; conservation of historic
monuments; conservation techniques; temples; rock cut architecture; India.
// Dwarkadhish Temple, Dwarka, India // Qutub Minar, New Delhi, India // Tabo Monastery, India // Gol Gumbad,
Bijapur, India
035443 - Seismic vulnerability assessment of Qutb Minar, India. Chandran, Sreeja; Prasad, A. Meher; Mathews, M.S.
Delhi, MacMillan, 2007. p. 1545-1553, illus. In: "Structural analysis of historical constructions: possibilities of numerical
and experimental techniques: Vol. 3" (eng). Incl. bibl. and abstract.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: seismic areas; historic monuments; minarets; structures of buildings; earthquake protection;
earthquake damage; descriptions; numerical simulation; modelling; analysis; India.
// Qutb Minar, New Delhi, India
1999 (extension in 2005, and 2008) Mountain Railways of India (Criteria ii - iv)
Brief description
The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway is the first, and still the most outstanding, example of a hill
passenger railway. Opened in 1881, it applied bold, ingenious engineering solutions to the problem of
establishing an effective rail link across a mountainous terrain of great beauty. It is still fully operational
and retains most of its original features.
Briève description
Il s'agit du premier et du plus extraordinaire exemple de chemin de fer de montagne destiné aux
voyageurs. Mis en service en 1881 dans une région d'une grande beauté, il a apporté d'audacieuses
solutions d'ingénierie au problème de la construction d'une ligne de chemin de fer à travers une région
montagneuse. Cette ligne est encore en service et la plupart de ses caractéristiques d'origine sont
intactes.
Extension in 2005-2008:
The site includes the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, which was inscribed in 1999. The site now
encompasses the Nilgiri Mountain Railway, a 46km long meter-gauge singletrack railway in Tamil
Nadu State. Its construction was first proposed in 1854, but due to the difficulty of the mountainous
location, the work only started in 1891 and was completed in 1908. This railway, scaling an elevation
of 326m to 2,203m and still in use today, represented the latest technology of the time. It was highly
significant in facilitating population movement and the social-economic development in the British
colonial era.
Extension en 2005-2008:
Le site comprend le Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, inscrit sur la Liste du patrimoine mondial en
1999, et englobe désormais le Chemin de fer des Nilgiri, une ligne à voie unique d‟un mètre
d‟écartement et de 46 km de long dans l‟Etat du Tamil Nadu. Sa construction fut d‟abord proposée en
1854, mais étant données les difficultés que présentait ce site montagneux, les travaux ne
démarrèrent qu‟en 1891 et furent achevés en 1908. Ce chemin de fer, qui part d‟une altitude de 326
mètres pour atteindre 2203 mètres et qui est toujours en service, représentait la technologie de pointe
de son époque. Il a joué un rôle crucial en facilitant les mouvements de populations et le
développement socio-économique de la région durant la période coloniale britannique.
116
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
016383 - Railways as World Heritage Sites: occasional papers for the World Heritage Convention. Coulls, Anthony;
Divall, Colin, contributor; Lee, Robert, contributor. Paris, ICOMOS, 1999. 29 p. (eng). Incl. bibl. and appendix.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: railways; industrial architecture; world cultural heritage; railway stations; case studies.
// The Moscow Underground, Russia // The Semmering Pass, Austria // The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, USA // The
Great Zig Zag, Australia // The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, India // The Liverpool and Manchester Railway, UK //
The Great Western Railway, UK // The Shinkansen, Japan
ACCESSION NO: 13683. CALL NO: A.I. 498.
016923 - Darjeeling Himalayan Railway. 34 slides: col. (eng). From WHC 944 listed in 1999. 1 page typescript.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; industrial architecture; railways; railway equipment; railway stations; India.
// Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, India (WHC 944)
CALL NO: IN.DAR. 42: 1-34 (WHC 944).
017417 - Rusty memories. Bardon, Agnès; Bruxelles, Simon de; Dhar, Sujoy; Barron, Amalia. Paris, UNESCO, 2000.
p. 4-9, illus. (Sources UNESCO. 131) (same text in eng, fre). Une mémoire en friche. fre.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: industrial heritage; world heritage list; industrial architecture; industrial areas; industrial
equipment; factories; industrial towns; UK; India; Bolivia.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: railways; mining buildings; mining equipment; mining towns; blast furnaces.
// ICOMOS // UNESCO // Blaenavon, UK (WHC 984) // Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, India (WHC 944) // Potosi,
Bolivia (WHC 420)
018778 - World heritage railways. Scott, Andrew. Madrid, UNESCO, 2001. p. 4-19, illus., maps. (World Heritage. 22)
(same text in eng, spa). El ferrocarril en el patrimonio mundial. spa.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; railways; railway stations; Austria; India.
// Semmering Railway, Austria (WHC 785) // Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, India (WHC 944)
025055 - Darjeeling Himalaya Railways (DHR) - An industrial heritage marvel. Kapur, G.M. Terrassa, MNACTEC,
2004. p.3, illus. (TICCIH Bulletin. 26) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: industrial heritage; world heritage list; railways; railway stations; India.
// Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, India (WHC 944)
027377 - Mountain Railways of India, Nilgiri. 100 slides. (eng). From WHC 944, extended in 2005, originally inscribed
in 1999.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; railways; railway stations; industrial heritage; India.
// Chemins de Fer des Montagnes, Nilgiri, India (WHC 944)
CALL NO: IN.NIL.47.1-100 (WHC 944).
031933 - National Rail Museum and UNESCO Stakeholder workshop. Darjeeling, 11-18 January 2002. Darjeeling
Himalaya Railway. World Heritage Area and its neigbouring communities. UNESCO World Heritage Centre; National
Rail Museum, New Delhi. New Delhi, National Rail Museum, 2002. 154 p., illus. (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: railways; railway stations; industrial heritage; conservation; management; economic aspects;
recommendations; world heritage list; local communities; India.
// Darjeelin Himalayan railway, India // Mountain Railways of India (WHC 944 bis)
ACCESSION NO: 15436. CALL NO: A.I. 533.
2002- Mahabodhi Temple Complex at Bodh Gaya / Ensemble du temple de la
Mahabodhi à Bodhgaya (Criteria i - ii - iii - iv - vi)
Brief description
The Mahabodhi Temple Complex is one of the four holy sites related to the life of the Lord Buddha,
and particularly to the attainment of Enlightenment. The first temple was built by Emperor Asoka in the
117
3rd century B.C., and the present temple dates from the 5th or 6th centuries. It is one of the earliest
Buddhist temples built entirely in brick, still standing in India, from the late Gupta period.
Briève description
L'ensemble du temple de la Mahabodhi constitue l'un des quatre lieux saints associés à la vie du
e
Bouddha et notamment à son Éveil. Le premier temple a été érigé par l'empereur Asoka au III siècle
e
e
av. J.C., alors que le temple actuel date du V ou VI siècle. C'est l'un des plus anciens temples
bouddhistes en Inde qui soit toujours debout, et l'un des rares temples de la fin de la période Gupta
construits entièrement en briques.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
020078 - Mahabodhi Temple Complex at Bodh Gaya. 6 slides. (eng). From WHC 1056 listed in 2002.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; buddhist architecture; temples; India.
// Mahabodhi Temple Complex at Bodh Gaya, India (WHC 1056)
CALL NO: IN.MAH.43:1-6(WHC 1056).
026414 - La vie du Boudha à travers les sites du patrimoine mondial. Wijesuriya, Gamini. Madrid, San Marcos,
UNESCO, 2003. p.4-19, illus., map. (World Heritage Review. 33) (fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: buddhist architecture; buddhas; historic towns; archaeological sites; religious architecture;
world heritage list; Sri Lanka; India; Nepal.
// Mahabodhi Temple Complex at Bodh Gaya, India (WHC 1056) // Sacred City of Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka (WHC
200) // Sacred City of Kandy, Sri Lanka (WHC 450) // Lumbini, The Birthplace of the Lord Buddha, Nepal (WHC 666)
2003-Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka / Abris sous-roche du Bhimbetka (Criteria iii - v)
Brief description
The Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka are in the foothills of the Vindhyan Mountains on the southern edge
of the central Indian plateau. Within massive sandstone outcrops, above comparatively dense forest,
are five clusters of natural rock shelters, displaying paintings that appear to date from the Mesolithic
Period right through to the historical period. The cultural traditions of the inhabitants of the twenty-one
villages adjacent to the site bear a strong resemblance to those represented in the rock paintings.
Briève description
Les abris sous roche du Bhimbetka se trouvent au pied des monts Vindhyan, au sud du plateau de
l‟Inde centrale. Cinq groupes d‟abris sous roche naturels sont situés au sein d‟énormes affleurements
de grès, au-dessus d‟une forêt relativement dense, et contiennent des peintures qui paraissent
commencer au mésolithique et se poursuivre sans interruption jusqu‟à l‟époque historique. Dans les
vingt et un villages qui entourent le site, vivent des populations dont les traditions culturelles
contemporaines rappellent celles dépeintes dans les peintures rupestres.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
021129 - Abris sans-roche du Bhimbetka. 125 slides: col. (eng). From WHC 925 listed in 2003.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: rock art sites; rock paintings; shelters; world heritage list; India.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: slides. // Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka, India (WHC 925)
CALL NO: IN.BHI.44.1-125 (WHC 925).
118
026849 - India: Threatened Jaina heritage route in Jharkhand and West Bengal. Imam, Bulu; Jansen, Michael; Jonas,
Gertrand; Sassen, Edith. München, K.G. Saur, 2005. p.94-103, illus. In: "Heritage at risk 2004/2005: ICOMOS world
report on monuments and sites in danger" (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: archaeological sites; cultural heritage at risk; buddhist architecture; temples; historic
monuments; villages; India; houses; monolithic monuments.
// Shekhawati region, India // Biyanpura, near Bhimbetka, India // Jaina, India
ACCESSION NO: 14878. CALL NO: Ri. 095(3). ISBN: 3-598-24243-3. URL:
http://www.international.icomos.org/risk/2004/india2004.pdf
2004 Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park / Parc archéologique de
Champaner-Pavagadh (Criteria iii - iv - v - vi)
Brief description
A concentration of largely unexcavated archaeological, historic and living cultural heritage properties
cradled in an impressive landscape which includes prehistoric (chalcolithic) sites, a hill fortress of an
early Hindu capital, and remains of the 15th century capital of the state of Gujarat. The site also
includes, among other vestiges, fortifications, palaces, religious buildings, residential precincts, and
water installations, from the 8th to the 14th centuries. The Kalikamata Temple on top of the Pavagadh
Hill is considered to be an important shrine, attracting large numbers of pilgrims throughout the year.
The site is the only complete and unchanged Islamic pre-Mughal city.
Briève description
Cet ensemble conjugue des sites archéologiques, en grande partie encore enfouis, et un patrimoine
culturel vivant s‟inscrivant dans un paysage spectaculaire qui comprend des sites préhistoriques
(Chalcolithique), la forteresse perchée sur une hauteur d‟une ancienne capitale hindoue, et les
e
vestiges de la ville qui fut au XVI siècle la capitale de l‟Etat du Gujarat. L‟ensemble comprend
également d‟autres vestiges, dont des fortifications, des palais, des édifices religieux, des villas
e
e
résidentielles et des installations hydrauliques, construits entre le VIII et le XIV siècle. Le Temple de
Kalikamata, au sommet de la colline du Pavagadh, considéré comme un sanctuaire important, attire
tout au long de l‟année de nombreux pèlerins. C‟est l‟unique ville islamique pré-moghole complète
existante.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
011099 - Workshop on Architectural Conservation. Baroda, 1987. Champaner, Tomorrow might be too late. New
Delhi, INTACH, 1987. p. 1-9, illus. (INTACH. 11, July/December) (eng). Incl. foreword by B.K. Thapar.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: archaeological sites; town archaeological sites; conservation; India.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: seminars; recommendations; theory of conservation.
// Icomos // INTACH- Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage // Champaner (India)
024451 - Parc archéologique de Champaner-Pavagadh. 106 slides: col. (eng). From WHC 1101 listed in 2004.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; archaeological sites; historic monuments; temples; palaces; India.
// Champaner-Pavagadh archaeological Park, India (WHC 1101)
CALL NO: IN.CHA.46.1-106 (WHC 1101).
026224 - Champaner and the Magic Mountain: Pavagadh. Dharker, Rani. Vadodara, Heritage Trust, 2002. 26p., illus.
(eng). Incl. drawings.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: children; historic sites; world heritage list; India; educational activities.
// Champaner Pavagadh Archaeological Park, India (WHC 1101)
119
2004- Chatrapati Shivaji Terminus (formerly Victoria Terminus) / Gare
Chhatrapati Shivaji (anciennement gare Victoria) (Criteria ii - iv)
Brief description
The Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus, formerly known as Victoria Terminus in Mumbai, is an outstanding
example of Victorian Gothic Revival architecture in India, blended with themes deriving from Indian
traditional architecture. The building, designed by the British architect F.W. Stevens, became the
symbol of Bombay as the „Gothic City‟ and the major international mercantile port of India. The
terminal was built over ten years starting in 1878 according to a High Victorian Gothic design based on
late medieval Italian models. Its remarkable stone dome, turrets, pointed arches, and eccentric ground
plan are close to traditional Indian palace architecture. It is an outstanding example of the meeting of
two cultures as British architects worked with Indian craftsmen to include Indian architectural tradition
and idioms forging a new style unique to Bombay.
Briève description
La Gare Chhatrapati Shivaji, autrefois appelée Gare Victoria, à Mumbai, est un remarquable exemple
d‟architecture néo-gothique victorienne en Inde, mêlé à des éléments issus de l‟architecture
traditionnelle indienne. Le bâtiment, conçu par l‟architecte britannique F.W. Stevens, allait devenir le
symbole de Bombay, la « ville gothique » et le plus important port marchand d‟Inde. Le terminal, dont
la construction, commencée en 1878, dura dix ans, obéit à une conception du gothique victorien
s‟inspirant des modèles de la fin du Moyen-Age en Italie. Certains éléments remarquables comme le
dôme de pierre, les tourelles, les arcs brisés et le plan excentré rappellent l‟architecture des palais
indiens traditionnels. C‟est un exemple exceptionnel de la rencontre de deux cultures, les architectes
britanniques ayant fait appel à des artisans indiens pour intégrer la tradition architecturale indienne
afin de créer un style nouveau, propre à Bombay.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
024462 - Chhatrapati Shivaji station (formerly Victoria station terminus). 17 slides: col. (eng). From WHC 945 listed in
2004.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; gothic architecture; architectural revivals; railway stations; 19th; India.
/ Chhatrapati Shivaji Station (formerly Victoria terminus), India (WHC 945)
CALL NO: IN.CHH.45.1-17 (WHC 945).
2005 - Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks / Parcs nationaux de
Nanda Devi et de la Vallée des fleurs (Criteria vii - x)
120
Brief description
Nestled high in the West Himalaya, India‟s Valley of Flowers National Park is renowned for its
meadows of endemic alpine flowers and outstanding natural beauty. This richly diverse area is also
home to rare and endangered animals, including the Asiatic black bear, snow leopard, brown bear and
blue sheep. The gentle landscape of the Valley of Flowers National Park complements the rugged
mountain wilderness of Nanda Devi National Park, inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1988.
Together they encompass a unique transition zone between the mountain ranges of the Zanskar and
Great Himalaya, praised by mountaineers and botanists for over a century and in Hindu mythology for
much longer.
Briève description
Niché très haut dans l‟Himalaya occidental, le Parc national de la Vallée des fleurs, en Inde, est
célèbre pour ses prairies de fleurs alpines endémiques et sa beauté naturelle exceptionnelle. Cette
région extrêmement diverse abrite également des animaux rares et en danger tels que l‟ours noir
d‟Asie, le léopard des neiges, l‟ours brun et le bharal. Le paysage vallonné du Parc national de la
Vallée des fleurs complète les montagnes sauvages et escarpées du Parc national de Nanda Devi,
inscrit en 1988. Ensemble, ils forment une zone de transition unique entre les chaînes de montagnes
iconiques du Zanskar et du Grand Himalaya, appréciée des alpinistes et des botanistes depuis plus
d‟un siècle, et présente dans la mythologie hindoue depuis bien plus longtemps.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
2007- Red Fort Complex / Ensemble du Fort Rouge (Criteria ii - iii - vi)
Brief Description
The Red Fort Complex was built as the palace fort of Shahjahanabad Ŕ the new capital of the fifth
Mughal Emperor of India, Shah Jahan. Named for its massive enclosing walls of red sandstone, it is
adjacent to an older fort, the Salimgarh, built by Islam Shah Sur in 1546, with which it forms the Red
Fort Complex. The private apartments consist of a row of pavilions connected by a continuous water
channel, known as the Nahr-i-Behisht (Stream of Paradise). The Red Fort is considered to represent
the zenith of Mughal creativity which, under the Shah Jahan, was brought to a new level of refinement.
The planning of the palace is based on Islamic prototypes, but each pavilion reveals architectural
elements typical of Mughal building, reflecting a fusion of Persian, Timurid and Hindu traditions The
Red Fort‟s innovative planning and architectural style, including the garden design, strongly influenced
later buildings and gardens in Rajasthan, Delhi, Agra and further afield.
The planning and design of the Red Fort represents a culmination of architectural development
initiated in 1526 AD by the first Mughal Emperor and brought to a splendid refinement by Shah Jahan
with a fusion of traditions: Islamic, Persian, Timurid and Hindu. The innovative planning arrangements
121
and architectural style of building components as well as garden design developed in the Red Fort
strongly influenced later buildings and gardens in Rajasthan, Delhi, Agra and further afield. The Red
Fort has been the setting for events which have had a critical impact on its geo-cultural region.
Criterion (ii): The final flourishing of Mughal architecture built upon local traditions but enlivened them
with imported ideas, techniques, craftsmanship and designs to provide a fusion of Islamic, Persian,
Timurid and Hindu traditions. The Red Fort demonstrates the outstanding results this achieved in
planning and architecture.
Criterion (iii): The innovative planning arrangements and architectural style of building components
and garden design developed in the Red Fort strongly influenced later buildings and gardens in
Rajasthan, Delhi, Agra and further afield. The Red Fort Complex also reflects the phase of British
military occupation, introducing new buildings and functions over the earlier Mughal structures.
Criterion (vi): The Red Fort has been a symbol of power since the reign of Shah Jahan, has
witnessed the change in Indian history to British rule, and was the place where Indian independence
was first celebrated, and is still celebrated today. The Red Fort Complex has thus been the setting of
events critical to the shaping of regional identity, and which have had a wide impact on the geocultural region.
The Red Fort Complex is a layered expression of both Mughal architecture and planning, and the later
British military use of the forts. The most dramatic impacts on the integrity of the Red Fort Complex
come from the change of the river into a major road, which alters the relationship of the property to its
intended setting; and from the division of the Salimgarh Fort by a railway. Nevertheless the Salimgarh
Fort is inextricably linked to the Red Fort in use and later history. The integrity of the Salimgarh Fort
can only be seen in terms of its value as part of the overall Red Fort Complex. The authenticity of the
Mughal and British buildings in the Red Fort Complex is established, although more work is needed to
establish the veracity of the current garden layout. In the specific case of the Salimgarh Fort, the
authenticity of the Mughal period is related to knowledge of its use and associations, and of the built
structures dating from the British period.
The nominated property has been declared a monument of national importance under the Ancient
Monument and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1959. A buffer zone has been established.
Although the state of conservation of the property has improved over the past ten years, much more
work is needed to put the overall state of the property into a stable condition and to ensure visitors do
not contribute to its decay. The Red Fort Complex is managed directly by the Archaeological Survey of
India, which is also responsible for the protection of all national level heritage sites in India and Indian
cultural properties included in the World Heritage List.
Brève description
Palais-fort de Shahjahanabad Ŕ la nouvelle capitale de Shah Jahan (1628-1658), 5e empereur moghol
d‟Inde Ŕ, le Fort Rouge doit son nom à ses murs d‟enceinte imposants en grès rouge. Il est voisin d‟un
autre fort, le fort Salimgarh, construit par Islam Shah Suri en 1546. À eux deux, ils forment l‟ensemble
du Fort Rouge. Les appartements privés consistent en une rangée de pavillons reliés par un canal
que l‟on appelle le Nahr-i-Bihisht, ou Fleuve du Paradis. On considère que le Fort Rouge représente
l‟apogée de la créativité moghole qui, sous l‟empereur Shah Jahan, atteint un nouveau degré de
raffinement. La disposition du palais est d‟inspiration islamique, mais chaque pavillon dévoile des
éléments architecturaux typiques des bâtiments moghols, reflétant une fusion des traditions perses,
timourides et hindoues. La conception novatrice et le style architectural du Fort Rouge, notamment
l‟aménagement de ses jardins, ont fortement influencé les constructions et les jardins ultérieurs au
Rajasthan, à Delhi, à Agra et dans les régions avoisinantes.
Le plan et la conception du Fort Rouge représentent l'apogée du développement architectural initié en
1526 par le premier empereur Moghol et porté à un splendide raffinement par Shah Jahan, avec une
fusion des traditions islamique, perse, timouride et hindoue. Le plan et le style architectural novateurs
des bâtiments ainsi que la conception des jardins du Fort Rouge ont fortement influencé les
constructions et les jardins ultérieurs au Rajasthan, à Delhi, à Agra et au-delà. Le Fort Rouge a été le
cadre d'événements qui ont eu un impact décisif sur sa région géoculturelle.
122
Critère (ii): Le Fort Rouge représente l'apogée de l'architecture moghole, basée sur les traditions
locales mais revivifiées par des idées, des techniques, des artisanats et des conceptions importés,
pour produire une fusion des traditions islamique, perses, timouride et hindoue. Il représente les
résultats exceptionnels ainsi obtenus en matière de plan et d'architecture.
Critère (iii): Le plan et le style architectural novateurs des bâtiments ainsi que la conception des
jardins du Fort Rouge ont fortement influencé les constructions et les jardins réalisés par la suite au
Rajasthan, à Delhi, à Agra et au-delà. L'ensemble du Fort Rouge reflète aussi l'époque de l'occupation
militaire britannique, qui a introduit de nouveaux bâtiments et de nouvelles fonctions sur les anciennes
structures mogholes.
Critère (vi): Le Fort Rouge a été un symbole de pouvoir depuis le règne de Shah Jahan, a été le
témoin des changements dans l'histoire indienne sous la domination britannique, a été le lieu de la
première célébration de l'indépendance et est le lieu où elle est encore célébrée aujourd'hui.
L'Ensemble du Fort Rouge a donc été le cadre d'événements cruciaux pour la formation de l'identité
régionale, et qui ont eu un large impact sur la région géoculturelle.
L'Ensemble du Fort Rouge est une expression par strates de l'architecture et de l'urbanisme moghols
et de l'utilisation plus récente des forts à des fins militaires par les Britanniques. Les bouleversements
les plus spectaculaires ayant eu un impact sur l'intégrité de l'ensemble du Fort Rouge sont : la
transformation du fleuve en grand axe routier, ce qui altère la relation du bien à l'environnement qui lui
était destiné, et la division du fort Salimgarh par un chemin de fer. Néanmoins, le fort Salimgarh est lié
inextricablement au Fort Rouge dans l'usage et dans l'histoire récente. L'intégrité du fort Salimgarh ne
peut donc s'envisager qu'en termes de la valeur qu'il possède en tant que partie de l'Ensemble du Fort
Rouge. L'authenticité des bâtiments moghols et britanniques de l'Ensemble du Fort Rouge est établie,
bien que des études supplémentaires soient nécessaires pour confirmer la fidélité de la disposition
actuelle des jardins. Dans le cas particulier du fort Salimgarh, l'authenticité de la période moghole est
liée à la connaissance de ses usages et associations, et aux structures datant de la période
britannique.
Le bien proposé pour inscription a été classé monument d'importance nationale au titre de la loi de
1959 sur les monuments anciens, les sites archéologiques et les vestiges. Une zone tampon a été
établie. Bien que l'état de conservation du bien se soit amélioré au cours des dix dernières années, il
reste encore de lourds travaux à mener pour stabiliser l'état de la totalité du bien et pour s'assurer que
les visiteurs ne contribuent pas à son délabrement. L'Ensemble du Fort Rouge est géré directement
par l'Archaeological Survey of India qui est aussi responsable de la protection de tous les sites du
patrimoine national en Inde et des sites culturels indiens inscrits sur la Liste du patrimoine mondial.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
031593 - Red Fort Complex. UNESCO. 70 slides: col. (eng). From WHC 231 rev listed in 2007.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; military architecture; fortresses; India.
// Red Fort, India
CALL NO: IN.RED.48:1-70 (WHC 231 rev).
031607 - Delhi Master Plan; August, 1990 (revised updated). What will be Delhi in 2001. Delhi Development Authority
(ed.). Delhi, Akalank publications, 2001. 107 p. , illus., maps. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: India; world heritage list; military architecture; fortresses; legislation; town planning.
// Red Fort, India
ACCESSION NO: WHC 231 rev. CALL NO: 15393. ISBN: 81-7639-030-5.
031608 - The Delhi Municipal Corporation Act, 1957 (66 of 1957) as amended by the Delhi Municipal Corporation
(Amendment) Act, 2003 (Delhi Act 6 of 2003). Bare Act with Short Notes. The Delhi Municipal Corporation (ed.). Delhi,
Universal Law Publising, 2004. 279 p. (eng).
// Red Fort, India
031609 - The Delhi Development Act, 1957 (Act No. 61 of 1957) along with the D.D.A. Conduct, Disciplinary and
Appeal regulations, 1999 and the Delhi Urban Heritage Foundation regulations, 1999. Bare Act . Delhi Development
Authority (ed.). Delhi, Akalank Kumar Jain, 2004. 87 p., illus. (eng).
// Red Fort, India
123
2010 Jantar Mantar, Jaipur (Criteria iii - iv)
Brief description
The Jantar Mantar, in Jaipur, is an astronomical observation site built in the early 18th century. It
includes a set of some 20 main fixed instruments. They are monumental examples in masonry of
known instruments but which in many cases have specific characteristics of their own. Designed for
the observation of astronomical positions with the naked eye, they embody several architectural and
instrumental innovations. This is the most significant, most comprehensive, and the best preserved of
India's historic observatories. It is an expression of the astronomical skills and cosmological concepts
of the court of a scholarly prince at the end of the Mughal period.
The Jantar Mantar, Jaipur, is an astronomical observation site built in the early 18th century. It
includes a set of some twenty main fixed instruments. They are monumental examples in masonry of
known instruments but which in many cases have specific characteristics of their own. The Jantar
Mantar is an expression of the astronomical skills and cosmological concepts of the court of a
scholarly prince at the end of the Mughal period.
The Jantar Mantar observatory in Jaipur constitutes the most significant and best preserved set of
fixed monumental instruments built in India in the first half of the 18th century; some of them are the
largest ever built in their categories. Designed for the observation of astronomical positions with the
naked eye, they embody several architectural and instrumental innovations. The observatory forms
part of a tradition of Ptolemaic positional astronomy which was shared by many civilizations. It
contributed by this type of observation to the completion of the astronomical tables of Zij. It is a late
and ultimate monumental culmination of this tradition.
Through the impetus of its creator, the prince Jai Singh II, the observatory was a meeting point for
different scientific cultures, and gave rise to widespread social practices linked to cosmology. It was
also a symbol of royal authority, through its urban dimensions, its control of time, and its rational and
astrological forecasting capacities. The observatory is the monumental embodiment of the coming
together of needs which were at the same time political, scientific, and religious.
Criterion (iii): The Jantar Mantar in Jaipur is an outstanding example of the coming together of
observation of the universe, society and beliefs. It provides an outstanding testimony of the ultimate
culmination of the scientific and technical conceptions of the great observatory devised in the Medieval
world. It bears witness to very ancient cosmological, astronomical and scientific traditions shared by a
major set of Western, Middle Eastern, Asian and African religions, over a period of more than fifteen
centuries.
Criterion (iv): The Jantar Mantar in Jaipur is an outstanding example of a very comprehensive set of
astronomical instruments, in the heart of a royal capital at the end of the Mughal period in India.
Several instruments are impressive in their dimensions, and some are the largest ever built in their
category.
Brève description
Le Jantar Mantar de Jaipur est un site d'observation astronomique construit au début du XVIIIe siècle.
Il comprend un ensemble d'une vingtaine d'instruments fixes. Edifiés en maçonnerie, ce sont des
exemplaires monumentaux d'instruments connus mais souvent aux caractéristiques particulières.
Destinés à des observations d'astronomie à l'œil nu, ils comportent plusieurs innovations
architecturales et instrumentales. C'est l'ensemble le plus significatif, le plus complet et le mieux
124
conservé des observatoires anciens de l'Inde. Il exprime les compétences astronomiques et les
conceptions cosmologiques acquises dans l'entourage d'un prince savant à la fin de l'époque
moghole.
Le Jantar Mantar de Jaipur est un site d‟observation astronomique construit au début du XVIIIe siècle.
Il comprend un ensemble d‟une vingtaine d‟instruments fixes principaux. Édifiés en maçonnerie, ce
sont des exemplaires monumentaux d‟instruments connus mais souvent aux caractéristiques
particulières. Le Jantar Mantar exprime les compétences astronomiques et les conceptions
cosmologiques acquises dans l‟entourage d‟un prince savant à la fin de l‟époque moghole.
L‟observatoire du Jantar Mantar de Jaipur est l‟ensemble le plus complet et le mieux conservé
d‟instruments fixes monumentaux construits en Inde dans la première moitié du XVIIIe siècle ; certains
sont parmi les plus grands jamais édifiés. Destinés à des observations d‟astronomie de positions à
l‟œil nu, ils comportent plusieurs innovations architecturales et instrumentales. L‟observatoire s‟inscrit
dans la tradition de l‟astronomie de position ptoléméenne, partagée par de nombreuses civilisations. Il
contribue à un dernier perfectionnement des tables astronomiques de Jiz par ce type d‟observation. Il
forme un achèvement monumental tardif et ultime de cette tradition.
Sous l‟impulsion de son créateur, le prince Jai Singh II, l‟observatoire est un lieu de rencontre de
différentes cultures scientifiques et un creuset de pratiques sociales populaires en lien avec la
cosmologie. Il est également un symbole de l‟autorité royale, par ses dimensions urbaines, par le
contrôle du temps, par ses capacités de prévision tant rationnelles qu‟astrologiques. L‟observatoire est
une incarnation monumentale de la rencontre de besoins simultanément politiques, scientifiques et
religieux.
Critère (iii) : Le Jantar Mantar de Jaipur est un exemple remarquable de rencontre entre observation
de l‟univers, société et croyances. Il apporte un témoignage exceptionnel sur l‟aboutissement ultime
des conceptions scientifiques et techniques du grand observatoire imaginé dans le monde médiéval. Il
témoigne de traditions cosmologiques, astronomiques et scientifiques très anciennes partagées par
un ensemble majeur de civilisations et de religions européennes, moyen-orientales, asiatiques et
africaines, pendant plus de quinze siècles.
Critère (iv) : Le Jantar Mantar de Jaipur est un exemple exceptionnel d‟un ensemble scientifique
monumental très complet d‟instruments d‟astronomie, au cœur d‟une capitale royale à la fin de
l‟époque moghole en Inde. Plusieurs instruments ont des dimensions imposantes, ce sont parfois les
plus grands jamais édifiés dans leur catégorie.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
006847 - Architectures en Inde. Paris, Association Française d'Action Artistique, 1985. 184 p, illus. (fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: architectural heritage; palaces; temples; historic towns; archaeological sites; military
architecture; contemporary architecture; India; exhibition catalogues.
// Le Corbusier, Charles-Edouard - architect // Jaisalmer, Rajasthan (India) // Srinagar, Cachemire (India) //
Padmanabhapuram, Kerala (India) // Fatehpur Sikri (India) // Palais Bir Singh Deo, Datia (India) // Jehangir Mahal,
Orchha (India) // Jahaz Mahal, Mandu (India) // Jantar Mantar, Jaipur, Rajasthan (India)
036588 - Laboratoires d'enseignement de l'astronomie positionnelle : les observatoires Jantar Mantar de l'Inde.
Rathnasree, Nandivada; Jain, Shika. Paris, UNESCO; Valencia, Pressgroup Holdings Europe, 2009. p. 30-33, illus.
(Patrimoine Mondial. 54) (fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: cultural heritage; astronomy; observatories; India.
// Jai Singh // Jantar Mantar observatories, India
125
Indonesia / Indonésie
1991- Borobudur Temple Compounds / Ensemble de Borobudur (Criteria i - ii - vi)
Brief description
This famous Buddhist temple, dating from the 8th and 9th centuries, is located in central Java. It was
built in three tiers: a pyramidal base with five concentric square terraces, the trunk of a cone with three
circular platforms and, at the top, a monumental stupa. The walls and balustrades are decorated with
fine low reliefs, covering a total surface area of 2,500 sq. m. Around the circular platforms are 72
openwork stupas, each containing a statue of the Buddha. The monument was restored with
UNESCO's help in the 1970s.
Briève description
e
e
Ce célèbre temple bouddhique datant des VIII et IX siècles est situé dans le centre de Java. Il est
construit sur trois niveaux : une base pyramidale comprenant cinq terrasses carrées concentriques,
surmontée d'un tronc de cône (trois plate-formes circulaires) et couronnée d'un stupa monumental.
Les murs et les balustrades sont ornés de bas-reliefs couvrant une surface totale de 2 500 m2.
Bordant les plate-formes circulaires, 72 stupas ajourés abritent autant de statues du Bouddha. Le
temple a été restauré avec le concours de l'UNESCO dans les années 1970.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
000770 - Un Sauvetage exemplaire. Soekmono, R.; Voûte, Caesar. Unesco. Paris, Unesco, 1983. p. 16-23, illus. (Le
Courrier de l'Unesco. 83,2) (fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: international campaigns; historical surveys; architectural ensembles; temples; stone;
deterioration; reinforcement; dampness; Indonesia.
// Unesco // Borobudur, Java (Indonesia)
ACCESSION NO: K-54.
000771 - Borobudur. Un joyau du patrimoine humain. Soekmono, R. Unesco. Paris, Unesco, 1983. p. 8-15, illus. (Le
Courrier de l'Unesco. 83,2) (fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: international campaigns; world cultural heritage; archaeological sites; architecture history;
temples; stone; sculptures; bas-reliefs; Indonesia.
// Unesco // Borobudur, Java (Indonesia)
ACCESSION NO: K-54.
001108 - Le Temple de Borobudur est sauvé. Paris, Unesco, 1983. p. 1-3. (Les Nouvelles de l'Unesco = Unesco
News. 98) (frealso in eng). The Temple of Borobudur has been saved. eng.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world cultural heritage; international campaigns; architecture history; temples; Indonesia.
// Unesco // Borobudur (Indonesia)
002125 - Borobudur ou le sauvetage du patrimoine mondial. Lubis, Mochtar. Paris, Unesco, 1983. p.1-7, illus.
(Informations Unesco. 784-785) (fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: shrines; buddhist architecture; world heritage list; restoration of historic monuments;
craquelures; humidity; looting; infiltration; international campaigns; international cooperation; Indonesia. // Borobudur
(Indonesia)
002143 - The Indonesian SPAFA sub-centre for preservation and restoration of ancient monuments, based at
Borobudur. Soekmono, R. Bangkok, SEAMEO, 1981. p. 4-5, illus. (SPAFA Digest. 81) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: buddhist architecture; restoration of historic monuments; conservation; training courses;
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: Indonesia.
126
// Indonesian SPAFA sub-centre for preservation and restoration of ancient monuments, Yogyakarta (Indonesia) //
Chandi Borobudur, Yogyakarta (Indonesia)
002186 - Spafa consultative workshop on restoration of ancient monuments . Yogyakarta, 1983. Conservation of
monuments, focus of workshop. Bangkok, SPAFA, 1983. p. 38-39, illus. (SPAFA Digest. 4, 2) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: meetings; international cooperation; conservation of historic monuments; financial aspects;
Thailand; Indonesia.
// Unesco // (SPAFA) Seameo Project in Archaeology anf Fine Arts (Indonesia) // Borobudur, Java (Indonesia)
002556 - International Congress on Architectural Conservation. first. Basle, 1983. Chandi Borobudur and its
significance as a cultural heritage. Sudiman; Soekmono, R. p. 6-9. (First International Congress on Architectural
Conservation. 83) (various texts in eng). Theme of the symposium : historic buildings, their significance and their role
in today's cultural setting'.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: temples; historical surveys; archaeological sites; conservation of historic monuments; hindu
architecture; cultural identity; Indonesia.
// Icomos // (ICCROM) International Centre for Conservation, Rome (Italy) // Institute for International Art Festivals
(Switzerland) // Chandi Borobudur, Java (Indonesia)
ACCESSION NO: 7592.
003780 - Conservation of historical and archaeological monuments in Indonesia. Samidi. Bangkok, Spafa, 1984. p.
23-30, illus. (SPAFA Digest. 5, 1) (eng). Incl. list of chemicals tested for cleaning and preventive treatment of
Borobudur stones, and list of synthetic resins tested for repair of Borobudur stones.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: temples; stone; deterioration; restoration works; cleaning; repairs; chemicals; synthetic
resins; Indonesia.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: rain; microorganisms; humidity; tropical zones.
// Borobudur (Indonesia)
004790 - Semi-annual report 1 January-30 June 1981. Regional Office for Science and Technology for Southeast
Asia. Jakarta-Pusat, ROSTSEA, 1981. 60 p. (eng). Incl. annexes.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: international organizations; aims and activities; cultural policy; international cooperation;
conservation; South East Asia.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: temples.
// ROSTSEA - Regional Office for Science and Technology for Southeast Asia, Jakarta-Pusat (Indonesia) // Unesco //
Borobudur, Java (Indonesia)
ACCESSION NO: 8497. DOC CODE: ROSTSEA/81/020/01.
004791 - Semi annual report 1 July-31 December 1981. Regional Office for Science and Technology for Southeast
Asia. Jakarta-Pusat, ROSTSEA, 1981. 95 p. (eng). Incl. annexes, figures.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: cultural policy; international campaigns; conservation; South East Asia.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: temples; international organizations; aims and activities.
// ROSTSEA - Regional Office for Science and Technology for Southeast Asia, Jakarta-Pusat (Indonesia) // Unesco //
Borobudur, Java (Indonesia)
ACCESSION NO: 8498. DOC CODE: ROSTSEA/81/020/02.
005065 - Conservation of Candi Borobudur ; annual report 1983-1984. Jakarta, Ministry of Education and Culture,
1985. 44 p, illus. (eng). Incl. appendixes : tables and pictures.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: stone; conservation; damage; drainage systems; vegetation; dampness; laboratory tests;
consolidation of materials; cleaning.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: conservation of historic sites; enhancement; Indonesia.
ACCESSION NO: 8467. CALL NO: Pi. 269.
Future plans of restoration, preservation and maintenance of monuments and sites. Soebadio, Haryati. Tokyo,
Institute of Asian Cultures, Sophia University, 1986. p. 95-98. (Study and preservation of historic cities of Southeast
Asia) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: conservation of historic monuments; conservation policy; legal aspects; maintenance;
Indonesia; proceedings of conferences.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: international cooperation. // Borobudur (Indonesia)
ACCESSION NO: 8624.
The Restoration, reintegration into modern life and maintenance of Borobudur : Borobudur after the restoration of
1972-1982. Soebadio, Haryati. Tokyo, Institute of Asian Culture, Sophia University, 1986. p. 35-50, illus. (Study and
preservation of historic cities of Southeast Asia) (eng). Incl. list of modern equipment and chemicals used in
Borobudur conservation projects.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: restoration of historic monuments; shrines; restoration works; enhancement; maintenance;
Indonesia.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: international cooperation; archaeological sites; conservation plans; proceedings of
conferences. // Borobudur (Indonesia)
ACCESSION NO: 8624.
127
Technical problems common to the Monuments and Sites of Southeast Asia - Preparation of a manual for their
restoration, preservation and maintenance. Chihara, Daigoro. Tokyo, Institute of Asian Culture, Sophia University,
1986. p. 87-94. (Study and preservation of historic cities of Southeast Asia) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: conservation of historic monuments; theory of conservation; destruction of cultural heritage;
climatic factors; earthquake damage; training; South East Asia; proceedings of conferences.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: guidelines; conservation of historic sites.
// Borobudur (Indonesia) // Pagan (Burma) // Sukhotai (Thailand)
ACCESSION NO: 8624.
University, 1986. p. 124-132, illus. (Study and preservation of historic cities of Southeast Asia) (fre). PRIMARY
KEYWORDS: temples; destruction of cultural heritage; international cooperation; South East Asia; Japan.
(Vietnam SR)
ACCESSION NO: 8624.
006644 - Report on the mission to Borobudur in the 4th Week of November. Chihara, Daigoro. [s.l.], 1985. 85 p, illus.,
plans, maps. (eng). Incl. annexes.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: temples; buddhist architecture; Indonesia; expert reports.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: restoration works; bomb damage; stone; deterioration; maintenance; equipment;
recommendations; seismicity measurements and instruments.
// Borobudur, Java (Indonesia)
ACCESSION NO: 8589.
006781 - Herstel in eigen waarde - Monumentenzorg in Indonesië. Bernet Kempers, A.J. Zutphen, 1978. 232 p, illus.,
plans. (dut). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: temples; buddhist architecture; restoration of historic monuments; restoration in situ;
conservation techniques; legal protection; historical surveys; Indonesia.
// Borobudur, Java (Indonesia)
ACCESSION NO: 488. ISBN: 906011 164 8.
007047 - Biodeterioration of stone monuments and its countermeasure. Arai, Hideo. Tokyo, Tokyo National Research
Institute of Cultural Properties, 1985. p. 84-95, illus. (Conservation and restoration of stone monuments) (jap). Incl. ref.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: stone; biodeterioration; assessment of damage.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: vegetation; microanalysis; conservation techniques; cleaning; Japan; Indonesia. //
Borobudur (Indonesia)
007940 - Indonesia : the conservation of the Borobudur Temple. Hyvert, Giselle. Paris, Unesco, 1972. 75 p. (eng).
Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: management of archaeological sites; shrines; stone; conservation; Indonesia; expert reports.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: bas-reliefs; history of conservation; petrographical analysis; laboratory tests; water
damage; chemical analysis; biological factors; climatic factors.
// Borobudur Temple, Java (Indonesia)
ACCESSION NO: 555. CALL NO: Arch. 147 / Pi. 092. DOC CODE: RMO.RD/2646/CLP. (restricted).
008102 - Maintenance of Borobodur and development centre for Borobodur study and stone conservation. Chihara,
D. Paris, Unesco, 1986. 17 p, illus., plans. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: management of archaeological sites; buddhist architecture; Indonesia; expert reports.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: seismicity measurements and instruments; stone; conservation techniques; conservation
of archaeological sites; research centres; recommendations.
ACCESSION NO: 9177. CALL NO: Arch. 172. DOC CODE: 303/IMS/70; FMR/CC/CH/86/212/ (FIT). (restricted).
012061 - Temple of Borobudur, Java, Indonesia. Vorontzoff, A.; Albert-Hesse, Jane (text); Hattori, E. Unesco. Paris,
Unesco, [s.d.]. 1 slide : col. + 1 p. (Save our Common Heritage. 26,27) (engalso in fre, spa). Accompanying material:
narrative legends from booklet bearing series title.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; historic monuments; temples; architectural sculpture; buddhist
architecture; buddhas; stupas; Indonesia.
// Temple of Borobudur, Java (Indonesia)
CALL NO: ID.BOR.01:1-2.
013447 - Temple Compounds of Borobudur, Indonesia. (s.l),, (s.n.),, (s.d.). 13 slides: col. + 1 p. typescript. (various
texts in ind, eng, fre). Listed as WHC 592 in 1991. Accompanying material: legends for slides 7-12. Legends for
slides 1-6 on mounts.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; temples; stupas; buddhist architecture; Indonesia.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: religious architecture; archaeological sites; rock art sites; rock cut reliefs; gates;
architectural drawings; architectural models; maps; aerial photography; slides. // Borobudur Temple Compounds
(Indonesia)
CALL NO: ID.BOR.04:1-13. (restricted).
128
0173669- Borobudur. L' immense sanctuaire, le plus vaste ensemble de reliefs bouddhiques du monde est menacé
d'une destruction imminente.. Groslier, Bernard P. Paris, UNESCO, 1968. p.23-27, illus. (Le courier de l'UNESCO.
juin 1968) (fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: management of archaeological sites; world heritage list; cultural heritage at risk; buddhist
architecture; stone; sculptures; bas-reliefs; Indonesia.
// Borobudur, Indonesia (WHC 592)
CALL NO: K-054.
017496 - The restoration of Borobudur. Hyvert, G.; de Beaufort, C. C. T.; Deibel, P. H.; Voûte, C. Unesco. Paris,
Unesco, 1970. 153 p., illus, plans. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: archaeological sites; world heritage list; restoration works; conservation of architecture;
management of archaeological sites; temples; sculptures; stone; bas-reliefs; Indonesia. // Borobudur, Indonesia (WHC
592)
017616 - The preservation of Borobudur, Indonesia. Brown Morton III, W. Washington, PARKS Magazine, 1978. p. 14, illus. (Parks. 2, n°4, 1978) (same text in eng, fre). La sauvegarde de Borobudur, Indonésie. fre.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: management of archaeological sites; world heritage list; cultural heritage at risk; buddhist
architecture; stone; conservation measures; Indonesia.
// Borobudur, Indonesia (WHC 592)
ACCESSION NO: K- 155.
018510 - Borobudur. Dumarçay, Jacques. Madrid, Unesco, 1996. p.68-77, illus., maps. (World Heritage Review. 2,
1996) (same text in eng, spa, fre). Borobudur. Spa. Borobudur. Fre.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: archaeological sites; buddhist architecture; temples; buddhas; bas-reliefs; historical surveys;
world heritage list; Indonesia.
// Borobudur Temple Compounds, Indonesia (WHC 592)
019178 - The Conservation Projects of Borobudur and Prambanan Temples. Atmadi, Parmono. West Java, ICOMOS,
1999. p.27-31, illus. (Monuments and Sites: Indonesia) (same text in eng, ind). Upaya Konservasi Candi Borobudur
dan Prambanan. ind. In: "Monuments and Sites: Indonesia".
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; archaeological sites; buddhist architecture; conservation projects;
Indonesia.
// Borobudur Temple Compounds, Java, Indonesia (WHC 592) // Prambanan Temple Compounds, Java, Indonesia
(WHC 642) ACCESSION NO: 13895. ISBN: 979-9283-03-5.
022868 - Pietre da Salvare. Sansone, Vito. Torino, Sicietà Editrice Internazionale, 1978. 342 p., illus. (ita). Incl.bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: cultural tourism; world cultural heritage; protection of cultural heritage; archaeological
heritage; stone; conservation; temple; Chile; Greece; Italy; Tunisia; Pakistan; Indonesia.
// Easter Island, Rapa Nui, Chile (WHC 715) // Site of Carthague, Tunisia (WHC 37) // Archaeological Ruins at
Moenjodaro, Pakistan (WHC 138) // Borobudur Temple Compounds, Indonesia (WHC 592) // Acropolis, Athens,
Greece (WHC 404) // Venice and its Lagoon, Italy (WHC 394) ACCESSION NO: 5463. CALL NO: Pi. 113.
026519 - The Borobudur Temple Compounds. Alvarez, A. Madrid, San Marcos, UNESCO, 2003. p.52-63, illus., map.
(World Heritage Review. 31) (same text in eng, fre, spa). Conjunto de Borobudur. spa. Ensemble de Borobudur. fre.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: buddhist architecture; religious architecture; archaeological sites; world heritage list;
temples; bas-reliefs; stupas; Indonesia.
// Borobudur Temple Compounds, Indonesia (WHC 592) ACCESSION NO: K-382-b. ISSN: 1020-4202.
026989 - Periodic Report: Borobudur Temple Compounds. Development of Culture and Tourism Board, Indonesia.
[Paris], [UNESCO], [2003]. 26p.,[13p.], illus., plans. (also in eng).
architecture; buddhist architecture; stupas; archaeological sites; conservation; management; monitoring; tourists;
attendance rate; Indonesia.
// Borobudur Temple Compounds, Indonesia (WHC 592) ACCESSION NO: WHC 592.
028320 - The restoration of Borobudur. UNESCO. Paris, UNESCO Publishing, 2005. 288p., illus. (eng). Incl. index,
glossary, bibl. and annexes.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: archaeological heritage; archaeological sites; temples; restoration; world heritage list;
historic sites; restoration projects; buddhist architecture; development projects; Indonesia.
030674 - Path to enlightenment. The Borobudur Temple in Java is one of the world's great buddhist monuments.
O'brien, Geoff. Wellington, New Zealand Historic Places Trust, 2007. p. 39-42, illus. (Heritage New Zealand. 104)
(eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; historic monuments; buddhist architecture; temples; stupas; bas-reliefs;
Indonesia.
032683 - Genius of the place: (Re) presenting cultural landscapes, World Heritage Listing and intangible values.
Making spaces into places in Asia. Taylor, Ken; Altenburg, Kirsty. [Siem Reap], [Centre for Khmer Studies], 2005. 12
p. (eng). Incl. bibl.
129
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: cultural landscapes; concepts; world heritage convention; world cultural heritage;
authenticity; intangible heritage; case studies; Asia.
// Contemporary research on Pre-Angkor Cambodia, Centre for Khmer Studies. Siem Reap, January 10-12 2005 //
Bagan, Myanmar // Borobudur, Indonesia (WHC 592) // Angkor, Cambodia (WHC 668)
033269 - International Experts Meeting. 4th. Borobudur, 4-8July 2003. Historical landscape planning. Taylor, Ken.
[s.l.], [s.d.], 2003. 13 p. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic landscapes; cultural landscapes; planning; intangible heritage; case studies;
Indonesia.
// Borobudur, Indonesia
1991 - Ujung Kulon National Park / Parc national de Ujung Kulon (Criteria vii - x)
Brief description
This national park, located in the extreme south-western tip of Java on the Sunda shelf, includes the
Ujung Kulon peninsula and several offshore islands and encompasses the natural reserve of
Krakatoa. In addition to its natural beauty and geological interest Ŕ particularly for the study of inland
volcanoes Ŕ it contains the largest remaining area of lowland rainforests in the Java plain. Several
species of endangered plants and animals can be found there, the Javan rhinoceros being the most
seriously under threat.
Briève description
Le parc national, situé à l'extrémité sud-ouest de Java en bordure du détroit de la Sonde, englobe la
péninsule d'Ujung Kulon et plusieurs îles, et il comprend la réserve naturelle du Krakatoa. Outre sa
beauté naturelle et son intérêt géologique, notamment pour l'étude du volcanisme insulaire, il contient
la plus grande superficie restante de forêts pluviales de plaine de Java. Il abrite plusieurs espèces
végétales et animales menacées, dont la plus menacée de toutes, le rhinocéros de Java.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
016775 - Buffer zone development as an effort to increase community prosperity and conservation of Ujung Kulon
National Park. Wibowo, Tri; Sutedi, Tedi. Paris, UNESCO, 1999. p.193-199. (eng). In : "World Natural Heritage and
the local community", Incl.bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; natural heritage; local communities; national parks; conservation;
Indonesia.
// Ujung Kulong National Park (WHC 608)
018515 - World Heritage Volcanoes. Unesco, World Heritage Center. Madrid, Unesco, 1996. p.40-49, illus. (World
Heritage Review. 3, 1996) (same text in eng, spa, fre). Los Volcanes en el Patrimonio Mundial. spa. Les Volcans dans
le Patrimoine Mondial. fre.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; natural heritage; natural sites; volcanoes.
// Tatshenshini - Alsek / Kluane National Park / Wrangell - St.Elias National Park and Reserve and GlacierBay
National Park, Canada-USA (WHC72) // Sangay National Park, Ecuador (WHC 260) // Galapagos Islands, Ecuador
(WHC 1) // Ujung Kulon National Park, Indonesia (WHC 608) // Tongariro National Park, New Zealand (WHC 421) //
Rwenzori Mountains National Parks, Uganda (WHC 684) // Yellowstone, USA (WHC 28) // Hawaii Volcanoes
National Park, USA (WHC 409) // Virunga National Park, Democratic Republic of the Congo (WHC 63)
018612 - Ujung Kulon Krakatau National Park. Clarbrough, Margaret. Madrid, UNESCO, 2000. p. 68-79, illus., maps.
(World Heritage Review. 14, 2000) (same text in eng, fre, spa). Parc National Ujung Kulon Krakatau. fre. Parque
Nacional Ujung Kulon Krakatoa. spa.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: national parks; world heritage list; Indonesia.
// Ujung Kulon National Park, Indonesia (WHC 608)
130
1991 - Komodo National Park / Parc national de Komodo (Criteria vii - x)
Brief description
These volcanic islands are inhabited by a population of around 5,700 giant lizards, whose appearance
and aggressive behaviour have led to them being called 'Komodo dragons'. They exist nowhere else
in the world and are of great interest to scientists studying the theory of evolution. The rugged hillsides
of dry savannah and pockets of thorny green vegetation contrast starkly with the brilliant white sandy
beaches and the blue waters surging over coral.
Briève description
Ces îles volcaniques sont habitées par une population d'environ 5 700 lézards géants, dont
l'apparence et le comportement agressif les ont fait surnommer les « dragons de Komodo ». On ne les
trouve nulle part ailleurs et ils présentent un grand intérêt scientifique pour l'étude de l'évolution. Les
collines rocailleuses couvertes d'une savane sèche parsemée d'épineux font un extraordinaire
contraste avec les plages de sable à l'éclatante blancheur et les vagues bleues se brisant sur les
coraux.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
016760 - The role of local communities in the management of Komodo National Park. Hartono, Bambang. Paris,
UNESCO, 1999. p.85-88. (eng). In : "World Natural Heritage and the local community", Incl.bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; natural sites; human environment; local communities; management;
community participation; Indonesia.
// Komodo National Park, Indonesia (WHC 609)
1991 - Prambanan Temple Compounds / Ensemble de Prambanan (Criteria i - iv)
Brief description
Built in the 10th century, this is the largest temple compound dedicated to Shiva in Indonesia. Rising
above the centre of the last of these concentric squares are three temples decorated with reliefs
illustrating the epic of the Ramayana, dedicated to the three great Hindu divinities (Shiva, Vishnu and
Brahma) and three temples dedicated to the animals who serve them.
Briève description
e
Construit au X siècle, c'est le plus grand ensemble shivaïte d'Indonésie. Au milieu de la dernière des
enceintes carrées concentriques s'élèvent les trois temples, décorés de reliefs illustrant l'épopée du
Ramayana, dédiés aux trois grandes divinités hindouistes : Shiva, Vishnu et Brahma, et trois temples
dédiés aux animaux qui servent de monture à ces dieux.
131
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
013448 - Prambanan Temple Compounds, Indonesia. (s.l.),, (s.n.),, (s.d). 18 slides: col. + 2 p. typescript. (various
texts in ind, eng, fre). Listed as WHC 642 in 1991. Accompanying material: legends. Legends on 2 mounts.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; temples; stupas; buddhist architecture; Indonesia.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: religious architecture; archaeological sites; restoration; shrines; sculptures; aerial
photography; slides. // Prambanan Temple Compounds (Indonesia)
CALL NO: ID.PRA.05:1-18. (restricted).
019178 - The Conservation Projects of Borobudur and Prambanan Temples. Atmadi, Parmono. West Java, ICOMOS,
1999. p.27-31, illus. (Monuments and Sites: Indonesia) (same text in eng, ind). Upaya Konservasi Candi Borobudur
dan Prambanan. ind. In: "Monuments and Sites: Indonesia".
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; archaeological sites; buddhist architecture; conservation projects;
Indonesia.
// Borobudur Temple Compounds, Java, Indonesia (WHC 592) // Prambanan Temple Compounds, Java, Indonesia
(WHC 642)
033663 - Desaster prevention measures for stone built heritage in Indonesia: Damage to Prambanan Temple
compounds by Central Java Earthquake. Romli, Inagati Adrisijanti Mohammad. Nara, ACCU, 2008. p. 63-68, illus. In:
"2nd International Conference on risk Management: Planning risk preparedness for cultural heritage against natural
disasters. (16-18 January 2008, Nara, Japan)" (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: earthquakes; earthquake protection; earthquake resistance; risk preparedness; structural
damage; temples; archaeological sites; world heritage list; rehabilitation; restoration; Indonesia.
// Prambanan Temple Compounds, Java, Indonesia (WHC 642)
ACCESSION NO: 15636. CALL NO: Ri.151.
1996- Sangiran Early Man Site / Site des premiers hommes de Sangiran
(Criteria iii - vi)
Brief description
Excavations here from 1936 to 1941 led to the discovery of the first hominid fossil at this site. Later, 50
fossils of Meganthropus palaeo and Pithecanthropus erectus/Homo erectus were found Ŕ half of all
the world's known hominid fossils. Inhabited for the past one and a half million years, Sangiran is one
of the key sites for the understanding of human evolution.
Briève description
Une campagne de fouilles menée de 1936 à 1941 permit de mettre au jour le premier fossile
d'hominidé de ce site. Des fouilles ultérieures ont exhumé cinquante fossiles de Meganthropus palaeo
et Pithecanthropus erectus/Homo erectus, soit la moitié des fossiles d'hominidés connus aujourd'hui
dans le monde. Occupé depuis 1,5 million d'années, Sangiran constitue l'un des sites clés pour la
compréhension de l'évolution de l'homme.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
016045 - Indonésie. Site des premiers hommes de Sangiran. Slides. 2 slides: col. (fre). Listed as WHC 593 in 1996.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list. // Sangiran (Indonesia)
ACCESSION NO: ID.SANG. :1-2 (WHC 593).
132
1999- Lorentz National Park / Parc national de Lorentz (Criteria viii - ix - x)
Brief description
Lorentz National Park (2.5 million ha) is the largest protected area in South-East Asia. It is the only
protected area in the world to incorporate a continuous, intact transect from snowcap to tropical
marine environment, including extensive lowland wetlands. Located at the meeting-point of two
colliding continental plates, the area has a complex geology with ongoing mountain formation as well
as major sculpting by glaciation. The area also contains fossil sites which provide evidence of the
evolution of life on New Guinea, a high level of endemism and the highest level of biodiversity in the
region.
Briève description
Le parc national de Lorentz est la plus vaste aire protégée d'Asie du Sud-Est (2,5 millions d'hectares).
Son gradient mer-montagne est unique au monde Ŕ depuis les neiges éternelles jusqu'à un
environnement tropical marin, y compris de grandes étendues de basses terres humides. Située au
point de collision de deux plaques continentales, cette zone possède une géologie complexe avec une
formation montagneuse en cours et une importante sculpture due à la glaciation. La zone contient
aussi des sites fossilifères qui témoignent de l'évolution de la vie en Nouvelle-Guinée, ainsi que d'un
haut niveau d'endémisme et du plus haut niveau de biodiversité de la région.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
019054 - Technical Workshop: World Heritage and Mining. Gland, Switzerland, 21-23 September 2000. Proceedings
of the technical workshop on world heritage and mining, Gland, Switzerland. UNESCO World Heritage Centre; IUCN;
ICME. [Paris], UNESCO World Heritage Centre, 2001. 14p. (eng). Incl. annexes and CD-ROM.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world cultural heritage; mines; world heritage in danger; cultural heritage at risk; case
studies; biosphere.
// Yellowstone National Park, USA (WHC 28) // Kakadu National Park, Australia (WHC 147) // Hortobagy National
Park, Hungary (WHC 474) // Lorentz National Park, Indonesia (WHC 955) // Aznalcóllar mine, Spain // Doñana
National Park, Spain (WHC 685) // St. Lucia Wetlands Park, South Africa (WHC 914)
2004- Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra / Patrimoine des forêts tropicales
ombrophiles de Sumatra (Criteria vii - ix - x)
Brief description
The 2.5 million hectare Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra site comprises three national parks:
Gunung Leuser National Park, Kerinci Seblat National Park and Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park.
The site holds the greatest potential for long term conservation of the distinctive and diverse biota of
Sumatra, including many endangered species. The protected area is home to an estimated 10,000
133
plant species, including 17 endemic genera; more than 200 mammal species; and some 580 bird
species of which 465 are resident and 21 are endemic. Of the mammal species, 22 are Asian, not
found elsewhere in the archipelago and 15 are confined to the Indonesian region, including the
endemic Sumatran orangutan. It also provides biogeographic evidence of the evolution of the island.
Briève description
Le site du Patrimoine des forêts tropicales ombrophiles de Sumatra (2,5 millions d‟hectares) comprend
trois parcs nationaux : Gunung Leuser, Kerinci Seblat et Bukit Baristan Selatan. Ce site possède un
potentiel immense pour la préservation à long terme de la faune et flore spécifiques à Sumatra, y
compris de nombreuses espèces menacées. L‟aire protégée abrite quelque 10 000 espèces de
plantes dont 17 genres endémiques ainsi que plus de 200 espèces de mammifères et quelque 580
espèces d‟oiseaux dont 465 sont résidentes et 21 endémiques. Parmi les espèces mammifères, 22
sont des espèces asiatiques que l‟on ne trouve nulle part ailleurs dans l‟archipel indonésien, et 15
sont inféodées à la région indonésienne, notamment l‟orang-outang endémique de Sumatra. Le site
constitue également un témoignage biogéographique de l‟évolution de l‟île.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
Iran (Islam republic of) / Iran (République islamique d')
1979- Tchogha Zanbil / Tchoga Zanbil (Criteria iii - iv)
Brief description
The ruins of the holy city of the Kingdom of Elam, surrounded by three huge concentric walls, are
found at Tchogha Zanbil. Founded c. 1250 B.C., the city remained unfinished after it was invaded by
Ashurbanipal, as shown by the thousands of unused bricks left at the site.
Briève description
À l'intérieur de trois formidables enceintes concentriques, le site de Tchoga Zanbil conserve les ruines
de la ville sainte du royaume d'Élam, fondée vers 1250 av. J.-C., qui, après l'invasion d'Assurbanipal,
resta inachevée, comme l'attestent ses milliers de briques inutilisées.
Nomination file
- Bibliography:
001587 - Nomination form. Ziggourat de Coqa Zanbil. Ministère de la Culture (Iran). Téhéran, Ministère de la Culture,
1979. 6 p. (Tchogha Zanbil (Iran)) (frealso in eng). Tchogha Zanbil. eng. Date received: 09-05-79/ Vardjavand, P./
Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; archaeological sites; ziggurats; Iran; nomination forms. SECONDARY
KEYWORDS: historical surveys; conservation policy.
// Tchogha Zanbil (Iran) ACCESSION NO: WHC 113.
001589 - Plan. Palais Hypogée. sl, The Iranian Centre for Archaeological Research, nd. 1 plan. (Tchogha Zanbil
(Iran)) (fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; archaeological sites; palaces; Iran; photographs; plans. // Palais
Hypogée, Tchogha Zanbil (Iran) ACCESSION NO: WHC 113. CALL NO: Photo: 3.
134
001590 - Plan. Reservoir. Auberson. sl, The Iranian Centre for Archaeological Research, 1962. 2 plans. (Tchogha
Zanbil (Iran)) (fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; archaeological sites; cisterns; Iran; photographs; plans. SECONDARY
KEYWORDS: lengthwise sections; cross-sections.
// Reservoir, Tchogha Zanbil (Iran) ACCESSION NO: WHC 113. CALL NO: Photos: 1-2.
001591 - Plan. Plan topographique du site de Tchoga-Zanbil. sl, nd. 1 plan. (Tchogha Zanbil (Iran)) (fre). Legend :
Quartier royal/Temenos/Réservoir.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; archaeological sites; Iran; plans.
// Tchogha Zanbil (Iran) ACCESSION NO: WHC 113. CALL NO: Plan : 1.
001592 - Plan. Plan général : ziggourat et temples de Tchoga-Zanbil. sl, nd. 1 plan, scale 1:1,500. (Tchogha Zanbil
(Iran)) (fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; archaeological sites; ziggurats; temples; Iran; plans.
// Tchogha Zanbil (Iran) ACCESSION NO: WHC 113. CALL NO: Plan : 2.
006662 - Photo. Tchogha Zanbil. Iranian Centre for Archaeological Research (Iran). sl, The Iranian Centre for
Archaeological Research, nd. 3 photos : b
w, 17x22 cm. (Tchogha Zanbil (Iran)) (fre). Legends: Vue de l'intérieur de la porte du Temple d'Insusinak B, vue du
bassin de décantation du reservoir.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; archaeological sites; temples; cisterns; Iran; photographs.
// Temple d'Insusinak B, Tchogha Zanbil (Iran) // Reservoir, Tchogha Zanbil (Iran)
027010 - Periodic Report: Tchogha Zanibil. Conservation and Restoration of Chogha Zanbil, Iran. [Paris], [UNESCO],
[2003]. 23p. (also in eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage convention; world heritage list; periodic reports; historic monuments;
ziggurats; archaeological sites; conservation; management; Iran.
// Tchogha Zanibil, Iran, Islamic Republic of (WHC 113) ACCESSION NO: WHC 113.
032249 - Tchogha Zanbil: Conservation challenges of an earthen Ziggurat monument. Taniguchi, Junko; Fardanesh,
Farzin. Paris, UNESCO, 2008. p. 36-41, illus. (World Heritage. 48) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; historic towns; archaeological remains; ziggurats; earth architecture;
conservation; conservation projects; international cooperation; Iran.
// Tchogha Zanbil, Iran (WHC 113)
032250 - Tchogha Zanbil: La conservation d'une ziggourat en terre. Taniguchi, Junko; Fardanesh, Farzin. Paris,
UNESCO, 2008. p. 36-41, illus. (Patrimoine Mondial. 48) (fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; historic towns; archaeological remains; ziggurats; earth architecture;
conservation; conservation projects; international cooperation; Iran.
// Tchogha Zanbil, Iran (WHC 113)
1979- Persepolis / Persépolis (Criteria i - iii - vi)
Brief description
Founded by Darius I in 518 B.C., Persepolis was the capital of the Achaemenid Empire. It was built on
an immense half-artificial, half-natural terrace, where the king of kings created an impressive palace
complex inspired by Mesopotamian models. The importance and quality of the monumental ruins
make it a unique archaeological site.
Briève description
er
Fondée par Darius I en 518 av. J.-C., Persépolis, capitale de l'Empire achéménide, fut construite sur
une immense terrasse mi-naturelle, mi-artificielle où le roi des rois avait édifié un splendide palais aux
proportions imposantes, inspiré de modèles mésopotamiens. C'est un site archéologique unique par
l'importance et la qualité de ses vestiges monumentaux.
135
Nomination file
- Bibliography:
001593 - Nomination form. Persépolis (nom persan : Taxt-e Jamsid). Ministère de la Culture (Iran). Teheran, Ministère
de la Culture, 1979. 6 p. (Persepolis (Iran)) (frealso in eng). Persepolis (persian name: Takht-e Jamshid). eng. Date
received: 09-05-79/ Vardjavand, P./ Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; archaeological sites; palaces; Iran; nomination forms. SECONDARY
KEYWORDS: historical surveys; conservation policy. // Persepolis (Iran)
001594 - Icomos evaluation. Persépolis. Persepolis (eng). Icomos. Paris, Icomos, 1979. 2 p. (Persepolis (Iran)) (same
text in eng, fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; archaeological sites; palaces; Iran; historical surveys. SECONDARY
KEYWORDS: evaluations. // Persepolis, Iran (WHC 114)
001595 - Plan. Persepolis Terrace: reconstructed plan. Hauser, A.R. sl, University of Chicago, 1953. 1 plan, scale
1:1,000. (Persepolis (Iran)) (same text in eng, fre, ger). Original Surveys by the Expedition Architects (1930-39).
Additions in Northern Part (in broken lines, unshaded) by the Iranian Antiquity Service.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; archaeological sites; terraces; Iran; plans.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: reconstruction. // Persepolis (Iran)
001597 - Photo. Persepolis. Jong, H. de; Roger, Dominique. Paris, Unesco, 1964-65. 2 photos: b
w, 18x24 cm. (Persepolis (Iran)) (same text in eng, fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; archaeological sites; palaces; Iran; photographs.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: bas-reliefs; stairs. // Palais de l'Apadana, Persepolis (Iran)
006645 - Plan. Persepolis. Krefter, F.; Tillia, A.B. sl, The Iranian Centre for Archaeological Research, nd. 3 plans.
(Persepolis (Iran)) (fre). Legends: reconstitution du site, figure montrant une élévation du Palais de l'Apadana, dessin
de l'escalier est de l'Apadana.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; archaeological sites; palaces; Iran; photographs; plans. SECONDARY
KEYWORDS: elevations; drawings; stairs. // Palais de l'Apadana, Persepolis (Iran) // Persepolis (Iran)
ACCESSION NO: WHC 114. CALL NO: Photos : 1-2-3.
006647 - Photo. Persepolis. Iranian Centre for Archaeological Research. sl, The Iranian Centre for Archaeological
Research, nd. 6 photos: b
w, 17x22 cm. (Persepolis (Iran)) (fre). Legends: salle aux cent colonnes; l'escalier monumental; taureaux ailés
androcéphales décorant la Porte de Xerxès; l'Apadana: vue de l'est, parthe porteur de tributs; bas relief dit de la
Trésorerie.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; archaeological sites; palaces; Iran; photographs.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: general views; bas-reliefs; monumental sculpture.
// Palais de l'Apadana, Persepolis (Iran) // Persepolis (Iran)
012076 - Persepolis, Iran. Almasy, P.; Albert-Hesse, Jane (Text). Paris, Unesco, [s.d.]. 1 slide : col. + 1 p. (World
Heritage Sites. 20) (eng). Listed as WHC 114 in 1979. Accompanying material: legend from booklet bearing series
title. PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; historic monuments; archaeological heritage; ruins; ancient art; basreliefs; columns; palaces; Iran. SECONDARY KEYWORDS: slides.
// Persepolis (Iran) CALL NO: IR.PER.01:01. (restricted).
017275 - 115 million tourists abroad. UNESCO. Paris, UNESCO, 1966. 42p., illus. (The UNESCO Courier.
december1966) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: cultural tourism; tourist industry; economic development; Turkey; Peru; Iran.
// Persepolis, Iran (WHC 114) CALL NO: K. 064.
026451 - Persepolis. Symbol of the Achaemenid Empire. Azar Soheil, Mehr. Madrid, San Marcos, UNESCO, 2004. p.
52-63, illus., maps. (World Heritage Review. 35) (also in eng, fre, spa). Persépolis. Simbolo del Imperio aqueménida.
spa. Persépolis. Symbole de l'empire achéménide. fre.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: archaeological remains; archaeological sites; world heritage list; Palaces; architectural
ensembles; bas-reliefs; Iran.
// Persepolis, Iran, Islamic Republic of (WHC 113) ACCESSION NO: K-382-b. ISSN: 1020-4202.
027016 - Periodic Report: Persepolis (Historical-cultural complex of). Parse-Pasargard Research Foundation (PPRF),
Iran. [Paris], [UNESCO], [2003]. 19p. (also in eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage convention; world heritage list; periodic reports; bas-reliefs; palaces;
archaeological sites; palaces; conservation; management; tourists; attendance rate; Iran.
// Persepolis, (Historical-cultural complex of , Iran, Islamic Republic (WHC 114) ACCESSION NO: WHC 114.
027126 - Preserving the Antique Modern : Persepolis'71. Grigor, Talinn. New York, Columbia University, 2005. p.2229, illus. (Future Anterior. II,1) (eng). Incl. author biography.
136
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: archaeological remains; archaeological sites; conservation; historical surveys; world heritage
list; ruins; Iran.
// Persepolis, Iran (WHC 113) ACCESSION NO: 14914. ISSN: 1549-9715.
1979 - Meidan Emam, Esfahan / Meidan Emam, Ispahan (Criteria i - v - vi)
Brief description
Built by Shah Abbas I the Great at the beginning of the 17th century, and bordered on all sides by
monumental buildings linked by a series of two-storeyed arcades, the site is known for the Royal
Mosque, the Mosque of Sheykh Lotfollah, the magnificent Portico of Qaysariyyeh and the 15th-century
Timurid palace. They are an impressive testimony to the level of social and cultural life in Persia during
the Safavid era.
Briève description
er
e
Construit par le shah Abbas I le Grand au début du XVII siècle, et entièrement entouré de
constructions monumentales reliées par une série d'arcades à deux étages, ce site est célèbre pour
sa mosquée Royale, la mosquée du cheikh Lotfollah, le magnifique portique de Qeysariyeh et le
e
palais timouride qui date du XV siècle. C'est un témoignage de la vie sociale et culturelle en Perse
durant l'ère des Séfévides.
Nomination file
- Bibliography:
001599 - Nomination form. Meydan-e Shah (Place Royale) de Esfahan. Ministère de la Culture (Iran). Teheran,
Ministère de la Culture, 1979. 13 p. (Meidan-e Shah, Esfahan (Iran)) (frealso in eng). Meidan-e Shah (Shah Square)
of Esfahan. eng. Date received: 09-05-79/ Vardjavand, P./ Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; historic monuments; islamic architecture; squares; Iran; nomination forms.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: historical surveys; conservation policy. // Meidan-e Shah, Esfahan (Iran)
001600 - Icomos evaluation. Meidan-e Shah. Meidan-e Shah (eng). Icomos. Paris, Icomos, 1979. 3 p. (same text in
eng, fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historical surveys; world heritage list; historic monuments; islamic architecture; squares; Iran.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: evaluations. // Meidan-e Shah, Esfahan, Iran (WHC 115)
001601 - Plan. La Mosquée Royale. sl, nd. 1 plan. (Meidan-e Shah, Esfahan (Iran)) (fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; islamic architecture; mosques; Iran; photographs; plans. // Mosquée
Royale, Meidan-e Shah, Esfahan (Iran)
001602 - Plan. Plan d'ensemble de la Place Royale. sl, nd. 1 plan. (Meidan-e Shah, Esfahan (Iran)) (fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; historic monuments; islamic architecture; squares; Iran; plans. // Meidan-e
Shah, Esfahan (Iran)
001603 - Housing: Process and Physical Form. 3rd seminar. Jakarta, 1979. Plan of Ispahan, Iran, showing the major
monuments and their harmonious integration. Scale1: 22,000. Ardalan; Bakhtiar. Philadelphia, Safran, Linda, 1980. p.
100. (Aga Khan Awards for Architecture) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; cultural heritage; historic towns; islamic architecture; Iran; plans.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: squares; mosques; madrasah; caravanserails.
// Meidan-e Shah, Esfahan (Iran)
ACCESSION NO: 6724.
137
001604 - Photo. Une Coupole de la Mosquée du Roi (XVIIe s.). A Dome of the King's Mosque (17th century) (eng).
Roger, Dominique. Paris, Unesco, 1965. 1 photo : b
w, 18x24 cm. (Meidan-e Shah, Esfahan (Iran)) (same text in eng, fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; islamic architecture; mosques; Iran; photographs.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: domes. // Mosquée Royale, Meidan-e Shah, Esfahan (Iran)
ACCESSION NO: WHC 115. CALL NO: Photo : 13.
006703 - Photo. Meidan-e Shah. Iranian Centre for Archaeological Research. sl, The Iranian Centre for
Archaeological Research, nd. 10 photos, 17x22 cm. (Meidan-e Shah, Esfahan (Iran)) (fre). Legends: vue générale de
la place; Mosquée Royale: vue de l'extérieur à la fin du 19e s. et en 1977, vue de l'intérieur; Mosquée Seyx Lotfollah
vue de l'extérieur; Ali Qapu: vu de l'extérieur à la fin du 19e s. et en 1977, décor de stuc du 6e étage; Portique de
Qeysariyyeh à la fin du 19e s.; photo de la place à la fin du 19e s.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; historic monuments; squares; mosques; palaces; islamic architecture;
Iran; photographs.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: aerial photography; general views; stucco works.
// Meidan-e Shah, Esfahan (Iran) // Mosquée Royale, Meidan-e Shah, Esfahan (Iran) // Mosquée Seyx Lotfollah,
Meidan-e Shah, Esfahan (Iran) // Portique de Qeysariyyeh, Meidan-e Shah, Esfahan (Iran) // Palais d'Ali Qapu,
Meidan-e Shah, Esfahan (Iran)
006704 - Photo. Gravure du 19e s. représentant les côtés sud et ouest de la place : la Mosquée Royale et Ali Qapu.
Flandin; Coste. sl, The Iranian Centre for Archaeological Research, nd. 1 photo, 17x22 cm. (Meidan-e Shah, Esfahan
(Iran)) (fre). Expédition de l'Académie des Inscriptions et des Belles Lettres, Flandin et Coste.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; islamic architecture; squares; mosques; palaces; Iran; photographs.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: engravings.
// Mosquée Royale, Meidan-e Shah, Esfahan (Iran) // Palais d'Ali Qapu, Meidan-e Shah, Esfahan (Iran)
012036 - Trois monuments de Medan Eman, Ispahan, Iran. Antoniou, Jim. [s.l.], [s.n.], [s.d.]. 9 slides : col. (fre).
Meidan Eman listed as WHC 115 in 1979. Mounts: JUN 81.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; historic monuments and sites; islamic architecture; mosques; minarets;
palaces; domes; gateways; tiles; decorative patterns; restoration; Iran.
// Meidan Eman, Esfahan (Iran) // Masjid-i-shah, Esfahan (Iran) // Ali Qapu Palace, Esfahan (Iran) // Masjed sheykh
Lotfollah, Esfahan (Iran)
CALL NO: IR.ESF.03:1-9 (WHC 115). (restricted).
012072 - Meidan-e-shah, Esfahan, Iran. Roger, D.; Albert-Hesse, Jane (Text). Unesco. Paris, Unesco, [s.d.]. 1 slide :
col. + 1 p. (World Heritage Sites. 19) (fre also in eng, spa). Listed as WHC 115 in 1979. Accompanying material:
legend from booklet with series title.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; islamic architecture; mosques; entrances; decorative patterns; Iran.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: slides. // Meidan Emam, Esfahan (Iran) CALL NO: IR.ESF.02:01.
017395 - Historic islamic city centres and outstanding monuments to be safeguarded. Bianca, Stefano. Paris, 1980.
33 p. (same text in eng, fre). Nécessité de sauvegarder des centres historiques urbains et des monuments
exceptonnels en pays islamiques. fre. Working paper.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: islamic architecture; historic towns; conservation of historic monuments.
// Symposium on Conservation and Restoration of the Islamic Architectural Heritage. Lahore, Pakistan, 6-12 April
1980 // Mecca // Medina // Damascus, Syria // Aleppo, Syria // Fez, Morocco // Cairo, Egypt // San'aa, Yemen //
Isfahan, Iran // Herat, Afghanistan // Lahore, Pakistan // Istanbul, Turkey // Tunis, Tunisia // Algiers, Algeria
ACCESSION NO: 12820. CALL NO: V.H. 1355.
017402 - Iran. Special programme for the preservation and presentation of the cultural heritage in association with the
development of tourism. The planning of Isfahan. June 1968. Walton, D. Paris, UNESCO, 1968. 19p. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: cultural tourism; protection of cultural heritage; world heritage list; town planning; Iran.
// Esfahan, Iran (WHC 115) CALL NO: To. 109.
017436 - Iran. Organisation des musées. Décembre 1970. Rivière, G.H. UNESCO. Paris, UNESCO, 1970. 34p. (fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: museums; museum programming; museum policy; Iran.
// Isfahan, Iran ACCESSION NO: 13937.
017437 - Iran. An air pollution study of Isfahan (with "notes on Theheran"). June - July 1970. Sussman, V.H.
UNESCO. Paris, UNESCO, 1970. 60p., illus. (eng). Incl. annexes.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic towns; world heritage list; air pollution; pollution control; corrosion; pollutants;
prevention of damage; Iran.
// Isfahan, Iran (WHC 115) ACCESSION NO: 13938. CALL NO: V.H. 1358.
017438 - Iran. Résultats et recommandations du projet. Développement urbain et rural d'Isfahan et préservations du
caractère historique de ses monuments et sites. . Rapport établi à l'intention du Gouvernement de l'Iran par
l'UNESCO agissant en qualité d'agent chargé de l'exécution du projet pour le compte du PNUD. Lemoine, L; Meats,
A. UNESCO; PNUD. Paris, UNESCO, 1975. 14p., illus, plans. (fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic towns; world heritage list; town planning; urban development; town and country
planning; Iran.
// Isfahan, Iran (WHC 115) ACCESSION NO: 13939. CALL NO: V.H. 1357.
138
018785 - Maidan Imam in Isfahan. Jabalameli, Abdollah. Madrid, UNESCO, 2001. p. 20-31, illus., maps. (World
Heritage Review. 19) (same text in eng, fre). Meidan Imam à Ispahan. fre.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; islamic architecture; mosques; Iran.
// Maidan Imam, Isfahan, Iran, Islamic Republic of (WHC 115) ACCESSION NO: K-382b. ISSN: 1020-4202.
025139 - L'autel de l'église Béthléem à Ispahan (Iran). Etudes historiques, artistiques et conservation. Saffaran, Elyas.
Champs-sur-Marne, SFIIC, 2004. p.257-264, illus. In: 11è journées d'étude de la SFIIC: Retables in situ. Conservation
et restauration (fre). Incl. bibl. and abstract in English and Spanish.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: churches; altars; conservation; restoration; Iran.
// Bethlehem Church, Ispahan, iran;
2003- Takht-e Soleyman / Takht-e Sulaiman (Criteria i - ii - iii - iv - vi)
Brief description
The archaeological site of Takht-e Soleyman, in north-western Iran, is situated in a valley set in a
volcanic mountain region. The site includes the principal Zoroastrian sanctuary partly rebuilt in the
Ilkhanid (Mongol) period (13th century) as well as a temple of the Sasanian period (6th and 7th
centuries) dedicated to Anahita. The site has important symbolic significance. The designs of the fire
temple, the palace and the general layout have strongly influenced the development of Islamic
architecture.
Briève description
Le site archéologique de Takht-e Sulaiman, dans le nord-ouest de l‟Iran, est situé dans une vallée, au
milieu d‟une région de montagnes volcaniques. Le site comprend le principal sanctuaire zoroastrien,
e
en partie reconstruit sous la période des Ilkhans (Mongols), au XIII siècle, ainsi qu‟un temple dédié à
e
e
Anahita datant de la période sassanide, VI et VII siècles. Le site a une valeur symbolique
importante. La conception du temple du feu, celle du palais et la disposition générale du site ont
sensiblement influencé le développement de l‟architecture islamique.
Nomination file
- Bibliography:
001863 - Photo. Takht-i-Bahi. sl, nd. 2 photos: b
w, 15x21/17x24 cm. (Buddhist ruins of Takht-i-Bahi and neighbouring city remains at Sahr-i-Bahlol (Pakistan)) (eng).
Legends: general view, stupas in the court.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; archaeological sites; buddhist architecture; ruins; monasteries; stupas;
Pakistan; photographs. // Takht-i-Bahi (Pakistan)
001864 - Plan. Takht-i-Bhai and its environs. sl, nd. 1 plan, scale 1:50,000. (Buddhist ruins of Takht-i-Bahi and
neighbouring city remains at Sahr-i-Bahlol (Pakistan)) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; archaeological sites; buddhist architecture; ruins; Pakistan; plans.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: monasteries; stupas.
// Takht-i-Bahi (Pakistan) // Sahr-i-Bahlol (Pakistan)
001865 - Plan. Plan of the main Monastery, Takht-i-Bahi. 1910-1911. Chand, Mad. sl, 1911. 1 plan. (Buddhist ruins of
Takht-i-Bahi and neighbouring city remains at Sahr-i-Bahlol (Pakistan)) (eng).
Pakistan; plans.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: cross-sections; lengthwise sections.
// Takht-i-Bahi (Pakistan)
002977 - Icomos evaluation. Les Ruines bouddhistes de Takht-i-Bahi. Icomos. Paris, Icomos, 1980. 2 p. (same text in
eng, fre).
139
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; archaeological sites; buddhist architecture; monasteries; Pakistan;
historical surveys. SECONDARY KEYWORDS: evaluations.
// Buddhist ruins of Takht-i-Bahi and neighbouring city remains at Sahr-i-Bahlol, Pakistan (WHC 140)
003093 - Ruines bouddhistes de Takht-i-Bahi et vestiges de Sahr-i-Bahlol, Pakistan. Shaw, I. Paris, Unesco, [s.d.]. 1
slide : col. (World Heritage Sites. 24) (fre). Listed as WHC 140 in 1980.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; buddhist architecture; archaeological sites; ruins; monasteries; stupas;
cells; Pakistan; general views. SECONDARY KEYWORDS: slides.
CALL NO: PK.TAK.03:01.
021130 - Takht-e Soleyman. 16 slides: col. (eng). From WHC 1077 listed in 2003.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: archaeological sites; archaeological remains; world heritage list; Iran.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: slides. // Takht-e Soleyman, Iran (WHC 1077)
CALL NO: IR.SOL.04.1-16 (WHC 1077).
2004- Pasargadae / Pasargades (Criteria i - ii - iii - iv)
Brief description
Pasargadae was the first dynastic capital of the Achaemenid Empire, founded by Cyrus II, the Great,
in Pars, homeland of the Persians, in the 6th century BC. Its palaces, gardens, and the mausoleum of
Cyrus are outstanding examples of the first phase of royal Achaemenid art and architecture and
exceptional testimonies of Persian civilization. Particularly noteworthy vestiges in the 160-ha site
include: the Mausoleum of Cyrus II; Tall-e Takht, a fortified terrace; and a royal ensemble of
gatehouse, audience hall, residential palace, and gardens. Pasaragadae was the capital of the first
great multicultural empire in Western Asia. Spanning the Eastern Mediterranean and Egypt to the
Hindus River, it is considered to be the first empire that respected the cultural diversity of its different
peoples. This was reflected in Achaemenid architecture, a synthetic representation of different
cultures.
Briève description
Pasargades fut la première capitale dynastique de l‟Empire achéménide fondée au VIe siècle avant
J.C. par Cyrus II le Grand au cœur du Fars, la patrie des Perses. Ses palais, jardins, et le mausolée
de Cyrus constituent de remarquables exemples de la première période de l‟art et de l‟architecture
achéménide, et des témoignages exceptionnels de la civilisation perse. Les vestiges les plus dignes
d‟intérêt sur ce site de 160 ha sont notamment : le mausolée de Cyrus II , le Tall-e Takht, une terrasse
fortifiée, et un ensemble royal composé de vestiges d‟une porte, d‟une salle d‟audience, du palais
résidentiel et du jardin. Pasargades fut la capitale du premier grand empire pluriculturel en Asie
occidentale. S‟étendant de la Méditerranée orientale et de l‟Egypte à l‟Hindus, il est considéré comme
le premier empire à avoir respecté la diversité culturelle des différents peuples qui le constituaient. En
témoigne l‟architecture achéménide, représentation synthétique de cultures diverses.
Nomination file
- Bibliography:
003592 - A Structural solution for the preservation of canvas paintings. Berger, Gustav A. London, International
Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works, 1984. p. 143-154, plan. (Studies in conservation. 29, 3) (eng).
Incl. ref.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: pigments; bas-reliefs; Iran.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: samples; mineralogical analysis; limestone; archaeological finds; microanalysis; X-ray
analysis. // Persépolis (Iran) // Pasargade (Iran)
140
024449 - Pasagardes. 21 slides: col. (fre). From WHC 1106 listed in 2004.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; archaeological remains; historic monuments; mausolea; Iran.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: slides. // Pasargadae, Iran (WHC 1106)
CALL NO: IR.PAS.06.1-21 (WHC 1106).
2004- Bam and its Cultural Landscape / Bam et son paysage culturel
(Criteria ii - iii - iv - v)
Brief description
Bam is situated in a desert environment on the southern edge of the Iranian high plateau. The origins
of Bam can be detected to the Achaemenid period (6 th to 4 th cent. B.C.). Its heyday was from the 7
th to 11 th centuries, being at the crossroads of important trade routes and known for the production of
silk and cotton garments. The existence of life in the oasis was based on the underground irrigation
canals, the qan ā ts, of which Bam has preserved some of the earliest evidence in Iran. Arg-e Bam is
the most representative example of a fortified medieval town built in vernacular technique using mud
layers (Chineh).
Justification for Inscription
Criterion (ii): Bam developed at the crossroads of important trade routes at the southern side of the
Iranian high plateau, and it became an outstanding example of the interaction of the various
influences.
Criterion (iii): The Bam and its Cultural Landscape represents an exceptional testimony to the
development of a trading settlement in the desert environment of the Central Asian region.
Criterion (iv): The city of Bam represents an outstanding example of a fortified settlement and citadel
in the Central Asian region, based on the use mud layer technique (Chineh) combined with mud bricks
(Khesht).
Criterion (v): The cultural landscape of Bam is an outstanding representation of the interaction of man
and nature in a desert environment, using the qanats. The system is based on a strict social system
with precise tasks and responsibilities, which have been maintained in use until the present, but has
now become vulnerable to irreversible change.
Briève description
Bam et son paysage culturel s‟inscrivent dans un environnement désertique, à la lisière sud du haut
e
e
plateau iranien. On peut retracer les origines de Bam jusqu‟à la période achéménide (VI au IV siècle
avant J.-C.). Située au carrefour d‟importantes routes marchandes et réputée pour la production de
e
soie et de vêtements de coton, elle connut son apogée du VIIe au XI siècle. La vie dans l‟oasis
reposait sur les canaux d‟irrigation souterrains, les qan ā ts, dont Bam a préservé quelques-uns des
plus anciens en Iran. Arg-e Bam est l‟exemple le plus représentatif d‟une ville médiévale fortifiée
construite selon une technique vernaculaire, à l‟aide de couches de terre (Chineh).
Justification d'inscription
Critère (ii): Bam s‟est développée au carrefour d‟importantes routes marchandes à la limite sud du
haut plateau iranien, jusqu‟à devenir un exemple exceptionnel de l‟interaction des diverses influences.
Critère (iii): Bam et son paysage culturel représentent un témoignage exceptionnel du
développement d‟un peuplement marchand dans un environnement désertique d‟Asie centrale.
141
Critère (iv): La Citadelle de Bam (Arg-e Bam)représente un exemple exceptionnel de peuplement
fortifié et de citadelle d‟Asie Centrale, reposant sur la technique de couches de terre (Chineh)
combinées à des briques de terre (Khesht).
Critère (v): Le paysage culturel de Bam est une représentation exceptionnelle de l‟interaction de
l‟homme et de la nature dans un environnement désertique, utilisant les qanats, qui reposent sur un
système social strict, aux tâches et aux responsabilités précisément définies, et qui sont demeurés en
usage jusqu‟à nos jours, mais qui sont désormais devenus vulnérables à un changement irréversible.
Nomination file
- Bibliography:
024395 - Citadelle de Bam. 27 slides: col. (fre). From WHC 1208 listed in 2004.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; earth architecture; historic towns; citadels; cultural landscapes; world
heritage in danger; Iran. SECONDARY KEYWORDS: slides.
// Bam and its cultural landscape, Iran (WHC 1208) CALL NO: IR.BAM.05.1-27 (WHC 1208).
026874 - Iran: The Bam earthquake. ICOMOS. München, K.G. Saur, 2005. p.105-110, illus. In: "Heritage at risk
2004/2005: ICOMOS world report on monuments and sites in danger" (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: earthquake damage; earth architecture; cultural heritage at risk; reconstruction;
recommendations; declarations; Iran.
// The Bam Declaration // Bam, Iran (WHC 1208)
ACCESSION NO: 14878. CALL NO: Ri. 095(3). ISBN: 3-598-24243-3. ISSN: URL:
http://www.international.icomos.org/risk/2004/iran2004.pdf.
029845 - Saving what we can of the past: the Bam photographic rescue project and Parisa Damandan. Damandan,
Parisa. The Hague, Prince Claus Fund, 2006. p. 66-81, illus. (Prince Claus Fund Journal. 14) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: natural disasters; earthquakes; photographs; Iran.
// Bam, Iran
032737 - Report on the intervention to Bam (Iran) in 2006. Binda, Luigia; Blasi, Carlo; Condoleo, Paola; Licciardi,
Guido; Marino, Luigi; Modena, Claudio; Petrini, Vincenzo. Napoli, Al Quds University, Institute of Islamic Archaeology,
2007. p. 103-120, illus. (Web Journal on Cultural Patrimony. 1, 2007) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic towns; destruction of cultural heritage; natural disasters; earthquakes; earthquake
damage; earth architecture; ruins; assessment of damage; restoration projects; adobe; Iran.
// Bam, Iran
033068 - Bam citadel after the earthquake. Hejazi, Mehrdad. Delhi, MacMillan, 2007. p. 199-207, illus. In: "Structural
analysis of historical constructions: possibilities of numerical and experimental techniques: vol.1" (eng). Incl. bibl. and
abstract.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: earthquakes; citadels; earthquake damage; post-disaster situation; international cooperation;
emergency programs; reconstruction; restoration projects; conservation measures; Iran.
// Bam citadel, Iran
033753 - Iran. ICOMOS. Altenburg, E.Reinhold Verlag, 2008. p. 93, illus. In: "Heritage at risk: ICOMOS World Report
2006/2007 on Monuments and Sites in Danger" (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: cultural heritage at risk; historic towns; earthquake damage; natural disasters; mosques;
Iran.
// Historic City of Bam, Iran (WHC 1208) // Borujerd City, Iran
ACCESSION NO: 15684. CALL NO: Ri. 095 (5). ISBN: 978-3-937940-47-2. URL:
http://www.international.icomos.org/risk/world_report/2006-2007/pdf/H@R_2006-2007_22_National_Report_Iran.pdf.
035140 - Risk management for the recovery project of Bam's cultural heritage. Mokhtari Taleqani, Eskandar; Nejati,
Mahmoud; Vatandoust, Abdolrasool. Dresden, TUD press, 2008. p. 61-71, illus. In: "Heritage at risk. Special Edition
2007 : Cultural heritage and natural disasters. Risk preparedness and the limits of prevention" (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: cultural heritage; risk assessment; cultural heritage at risk; risk management; world heritage;
world heritage list; earthquake damage; methodology; Iran.
// Bam and its cultural landscape (1208bis), Iran
ACCESSION NO: 15782. CALL NO: Ri. 095 (6). ISBN: 978-3-940046-64-2.
035446 - Analysis of damages to vaulted structures, Arg-e-Bam and Bam Area, Iran. Maïni, Satprem. Delhi,
MacMillan, 2007. p. 1571-1578, illus. In: "Structural analysis of historical constructions: possibilities of numerical and
experimental techniques: Vol. 3" (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: earthquakes; earthquake damage; historic monuments; earth architecture; structures of
buildings; structural elements; vaults; descriptions; restoration works; analysis; typology; arches; domes; causes of
deterioration; damages; building materials; mortar; case studies; Iran.
// Arg-e-Bam, Iran (WHC 1208 bis)
142
2005 - Soltaniyeh (Criteria ii - iii - iv)
Brief description
The mausoleum of Oljaytu was constructed in 1302-12 in the city of Soltaniyeh, the capital of the
Ilkhanid dynasty, which was founded by the Mongols. Situated in the province of Zanjan, Soltaniyeh is
one of the outstanding examples of the achievements of Persian architecture and a key monument in
the development of its Islamic architecture. The octagonal building is crowned with a 50m-tall dome
covered in turquoise blue faience and surrounded by eight slender minarets. It is the earliest existing
example of the double-shelled dome in Iran. The mausoleum‟s interior decoration is also outstanding
and scholars such as A.U. Pope have described the building as “anticipating the Taj Mahal.”
Briève description
Le mausolée d‟Oljeitu fut construit entre 1302 et 1312 dans la ville de Soltaniyeh, capitale des tribus
mongoles Ilkhanides. Située dans la province de Zanjan, à quelque 240 km de Téhéran dans le nordouest de l‟Iran, Soltaniyeh est l‟un des exemples les plus saisissants de réalisations architecturales
perses et un monument clé dans le développement de l‟architecture islamique. Cet édifice de forme
octogonale est surmonté d‟une coupole majestueuse d‟une hauteur de 50 mètres, recouverte de
carreaux de faïence turquoise et entourée de huit minarets à la silhouette élancée. Cette structure
constitue le plus ancien exemple existant de coupole double en Iran. La décoration de l‟intérieur du
mausolée est également admirable et des spécialistes tels qu‟A.U. Pope ont qualifié ce bâtiment de
“précurseur du Taj Mahal”.
Nomination file
- Bibliography:
007863 - Colloque international sur la photogrammétrie appliquée à l'architecture islamique. Tunis, 1984. Monuments
islamiques d'Iran et d'Afghanistan. Ghazali, N.; Fischer, K.; Mauelshagen, L. Paris, Icomos, 1986. p. 213-251, illus.
(eng). Islamic monuments in Iran and Afghanistan. eng. Relevés photogrammétriques d'architecture islamique.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: photogrammetric surveys; mausolea; mosques; archaeological sites; minarets; Iran;
Afghanistan; proceedings of conferences.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: islamic architecture; photogrammetric plotting.
// Rassadiran Surveying Company, Teheran (Iran) // Oldjâïtou Khodâbandeh, Soltânieh (Iran) // Djameh Mosque,
Isfahan (Iran)
ACCESSION NO: 9134. CALL NO: Ph. 179.
2006- Bisotun / Behistun (Criteria ii - iii)
Brief description
Bisotun is located along the ancient trade route linking the Iranian high plateau with Mesopotamia and
features remains from the prehistoric times to the Median, Achaemenid, Sassanian, and Ilkhanid
periods. The principal monument of this archaeological site is the bas-relief and cuneiform inscription
ordered by Darius I, The Great, when he rose to the throne of the Persian Empire, 521 BC. The bas-
143
relief portrays Darius holding a bow, as a sign of sovereignty, and treading on the chest of a figure
who lies on his back before him. According to legend, the figure represents Gaumata, the Median
Magus and pretender to the throne whose assassination led to Darius‟s rise to power. Below and
around the bas-reliefs, there are ca. 1,200 lines of inscriptions telling the story of the battles Darius
waged in 521-520 BC against the governors who attempted to take apart the Empire founded by
Cyrus. The inscription is written in three languages. The oldest is an Elamite text referring to legends
describing the king and the rebellions. This is followed by a Babylonian version of similar legends. The
last phase of the inscription is particularly important, as it is here that Darius introduced for the first
time the Old Persian version of his res gestae (things done). This is the only known monumental text
of the Achaemenids to document the re-establishment of the Empire by Darius I. It also bears witness
to the interchange of influences in the development of monumental art and writing in the region of the
Persian Empire. There are also remains from the Median period (8th to 7th centuries B.C.) as well as
from the Achaemenid (6th to 4th centuries B.C.) and post-Achaemenid periods
Briève description
Behistun se trouve sur l‟ancienne route marchande reliant le haut plateau iranien à la Mésopotamie et
possède des vestiges de l‟époque préhistorique aux périodes mède, achéménide, sassanide et
ilkhanide. Le monument principal de ce site archéologique est un bas-relief et une inscription
cunéiforme commandés par Darius I le Grand, quand il monta sur le trône de l‟Empire perse, en 521
avant JC. Ce bas-relief représente Darius tenant un arc, symbole de sa souveraineté, et écrasant le
torse d‟un homme allongé sur le dos devant lui. Selon la légende, ce personnage serait Gaumata, le
mage mède prétendant au trône dont l‟assassinat permit à Darius la conquête du pouvoir. Sous le
bas-relief et autour, quelque 1 200 lignes d‟inscriptions retracent l‟histoire des batailles que Darius a
dû livrer en 521 - 520 avant JC contre les gouverneurs qui tentèrent de diviser l‟empire fondé par
Cyrus. L‟inscription est rédigée en trois langues. La plus ancienne est un texte élamite faisant
référence aux légendes qui décrivent le roi et les rébellions. Elle est suivie par une version
babylonienne de légendes similaires. La dernière partie de l‟inscription est particulièrement
importante, car c‟est là que Darius introduisit pour la première fois la version en vieux perse de ses res
gestae (ce qu‟il a accompli). C‟est l‟unique inscription monumentale achéménide connu sur la refondation de l‟Empire par Darius I. Elle constitue également un témoignage sur les influences
mutuelles dans le développement de l‟art monumental et de l‟écriture dans la région de l‟Empire
perse. On trouve aussi à Behistun des vestiges de la période mède (8e au 7e siècle avant JC) ainsi
que des périodes achéménide (6e au 4e siècles) et post-achéménide.
Nomination file
2008 - The Armenian Monastic Ensembles in Iran / Les Ensembles monastiques
arméniens d’Iran (Criteria ii - iii - vi)
Brief description
The Armenian Monastic Ensembles in Iran, in the north-west of the country, consists of three monastic
ensembles of the Armenian Christian faith: St Thaddeus and St Stepanos and the Chapel of Dzordzor.
These edifices - the oldest of which, St Thaddeus, dates back to the 7th century Ŕ are examples of
outstanding universal value of the Armenian architectural and decorative traditions. They bear
testimony to very important interchanges with the other regional cultures, in particular the Byzantine,
Orthodox and Persian. Situated on the south-eastern fringe of the main zone of the Armenian cultural
space, the monasteries constituted a major centre for the dissemination of that culture in the region.
144
They are the last regional remains of this culture that are still in a satisfactory state of integrity and
authenticity. Furthermore, as places of pilgrimage, the monastic ensembles are living witnesses of
Armenian religious traditions through the centuries.
Briève description
Les Ensembles monastiques arméniens d‟Iran, au nord-ouest du pays comprennent trois ensembles
monastiques historiques de la foi chrétienne arménienne : St-Thaddeus, St-Stepanos et la chapelle
Ste-Marie de Dzordzor. Ces édifices, dont le plus ancien, St-Thaddeus, date du VIIème siècle, sont
des exemples de valeur universelle exceptionnelle des traditions architecturale et décorative
arméniennes. Ils montrent également les très importants échanges qui ont eu lieu avec d‟autres
cultures, notamment byzantine, orthodoxe et perse. Situés aux limites sud-est de la zone principale de
la culture arménienne, les monastères ont été un centre majeur de sa diffusion dans la région. Ce sont
aujourd‟hui les derniers témoignages régionaux de cette culture dans un état d‟intégrité et
d‟authenticité satisfaisants. De plus, en tant que lieux de pèlerinage, les ensembles monastiques
apportent un témoignage vivant des traditions religieuses arméniennes à travers les siècles.
Nomination file
- Bibliography:
2009 - Shushtar Historical Hydraulic System / Système hydraulique historique
de Shushtar (Criteria i - ii - v)
Brief description
Shushtar, Historical Hydraulic System, inscribed as a masterpiece of creative genius, can be traced
back to Darius the Great in the 5th century B.C. It involved the creation of two main diversion canals
on the river Kârun one of which, Gargar canal, is still in use providing water to the city of Shushtar via
a series of tunnels that supply water to mills. It forms a spectacular cliff from which water cascades
into a downstream basin. It then enters the plain situated south of the city where it has enabled the
planting of orchards and farming over an area of 40,000 ha. known as Mianâb (Paradise). The
property has an ensemble of remarkable sites including the Salâsel Castel, the operation centre of the
entire hydraulic system, the tower where the water level is measured, damns, bridges, basins and
mills. It bears witness to the know-how of the Elamites and Mesopotamians as well as more recent
Nabatean expertise and Roman building influence.
Briève description
Le système hydraulique historique de Shushtar a été inscrit en tant que chef d‟œuvre du génie
créateur humain. Il aurait été entrepris dès Darius le Grand, au Vème siècle av. J.-C. Il s‟agit de deux
grands canaux de dérivation des eaux de la rivière Kârun. L‟un d‟entre eux, le canal Gargar, fournit
encore de l‟eau à la ville de Shustar par une série de tunnels et fait fonctionner tout un ensemble de
moulins. Après une falaise spectaculaire, l‟eau tombe en cascades dans le bassin aval, avant d‟entrer
dans la plaine au sud de la ville, où elle a permis le développement de vergers et de terres agricoles
sur une surface de 40 000 ha. dénommée Mianaâb (Le paradis). Le bien comprend des lieux
remarquables, dont le château Salâsel, centre de contrôle de tout le système hydraulique, la tour
Kolâh-Farangi qui mesure le niveau de l‟eau, des barrages, ponts, bassins et moulins. Il témoigne du
savoir-faire des Elamites et Mésopotamiens, ainsi que de l‟expertise plus récente des Nabatéens et de
l‟influence du génie civil romain.
145
Nomination file
- Bibliography:
006348 - Shushtar New Town, Iran. Singapore, Concept Media, 1985. p. 49-53, illus., plans. (Mimar. 17) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: housing; traditional techniques; contemporary architecture; new towns; Iran.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: subsidized housing; developing countries; architectural design.
// Shushtar (Iran)
2010 - Sheikh Safi al-din Khānegāh and Shrine Ensemble in Ardabil / Ensemble
du Khānegāh et du sanctuaire de Cheikh Safi al-Din à Ardabil (Criteria i - ii - iv)
Brief description
th
th
Built between the beginning of the 16 century and the end of the 18 century, this place of spiritual
retreat in the Sufi tradition uses Iranian traditional architectural forms to maximize use of available
space to accommodate a variety of functions (including a library, a mosque, a school, mausolea, a
cistern, a hospital, kitchens, a bakery, and some offices). It incorporates a route to reach the shrine of
the Sheikh divided into seven segments, which mirror the seven stages of Sufi mysticism, separated
by eight gates, which represent the eight attitudes of Sufism. The ensemble includes well-preserved
and richly ornamented facades and interiors, with a remarkable collection of antique artefacts. It
constitutes a rare ensemble of elements of medieval Islamic architecture.
Sheikh Safi al-Din Khānegāh and Shrine Ensemble was built as a small microcosmic city with bazaars,
public baths, squares, religious buildings, houses, and offices. It was the largest and most complete
khānegāh and the most prominent Sufi shrine since it also hosts the tomb of the founder of the
Safavid Dynasty. For these reasons, it has evolved into a display of sacred works of art and
architecture from the 14th to the 18th century and a centre of Sufi religious pilgrimage.
The Sheikh Safi al-Din Khānegāh and Shrine Ensemble in Ardabil is of Outstanding Universal Value
as an artistic and architectural masterpiece and an outstanding representation of the fundamental
principles of Sufism. Ilkhanid and Timurid architectural languages, influenced by Sufi philosophy, have
created new spatial forms and decorative patterns. The layout of the ensemble became a prototype for
innovative architectural expressions and a reference for other khānegāhs. As the shrine of a prominent
Sufi master, who also was the founder of the Safavid Dynasty, the property has remained sacred in
Iran up to the present day.
Criterion (i): The conception of the entire ensemble layout, the proportions of the internal and external
spaces and of the buildings, their design and refined decoration, together with the climax created by
the sequenced path to Sheikh Safi al-Din‟s shrine, all combined, have concurred to create a unique
complex in which aesthetics and spirituality are in a harmonious dialogue.
Criterion (ii): The architectural spaces and features of the nominated property have integrated
influences of the Ilkhānid and Timurid periods with the religious message of Sufism and the taste for
exquisite ornamentation and interior spaciousness, thus giving rise to fresh architectural and artistic
forms.
146
Criterion (iv): The Sheikh Safi al-Din ensemble is a prototype and an outstanding example of a 16th
century religious complex, combined with social, charitable, cultural, and educational functions, which
contains all the significant elements that since came to characterize Safavid architecture and became
a prototype for other khānegāh and shrines.
Brève description
Construit entre le début du 16e siècle et la fin du 18e siècle, ce lieu de retraite spirituelle soufi utilise
les formes architecturales traditionnelles iraniennes. Les constructeurs ont su tirer le meilleur parti de
l'espace réduit pour assurer de multiples fonctions, notamment une bibliothèque, une mosquée, une
école, un mausolée, une citerne, un hôpital, des cuisines, une boulangerie et quelques bureaux. Le
site comprend un cheminement conduisant au sanctuaire du Cheik articulé en sept étapes qui
reflètent les sept stades du mysticisme soufi, séparées par huit portes qui représentent les huit
attitudes du soufisme. Le site comprend également des façades et des intérieurs richement
ornementés ainsi qu'une remarquable collection d'objets anciens. Il forme un rare ensemble
d'éléments d'architecture islamique médiévale.
L‟ensemble du Khānegāh et du sanctuaire de Cheikh Safi al-Din à Ardabil fut construit en tant que
petite ville microcosmique possédant ses bazars, bains publics, places publiques, lieux de culte,
maisons et bureaux. C‟était le plus grand et le plus complet des Khānegāh d‟Iran et le sanctuaire soufi
le plus important car il abritait aussi la tombe du fondateur de la dynastie safavide. Pour ces raisons, il
devint un lieu d‟exposition d‟œuvres d‟art et d‟architecture sacrées du XIVe au XVIIIe siècle et un
centre de pèlerinage religieux soufi.
L‟ensemble du Khānegāh et du sanctuaire de Cheikh Safi al-Din à Ardabil possède une valeur
universelle exceptionnelle en tant que chef-d‟œuvre artistique et architectural et représentation
exceptionnelle des principes fondamentaux du soufisme. Les langages architecturaux ilkhanide et
timouride, influencés par la philosophie soufie, ont créé de nouvelles formes d‟espaces et de volumes
et de nouveaux modèles décoratifs. La disposition de l‟ensemble est devenue un prototype pour les
expressions architecturales innovantes et une référence pour d‟autres Khānegāhs. En tant que
sanctuaire d‟un maître soufi majeur, qui fut aussi le fondateur de la dynastie safavide, le bien est resté
sacré en Iran jusqu‟à ce jour.
Critère (i): La conception globale du plan de l‟ensemble, les proportions des espaces intérieurs et
extérieurs et des édifices, leur conception et leur décoration raffinée ainsi que le sentiment
d‟aboutissement créé par le chemin qui mène par étapes au mausolée de Cheikh Safi al-Din
s‟associent pour créer un ensemble unique dans lequel esthétique et spiritualité sont engagées dans
un dialogue harmonieux.
Critère (ii): Les volumes et les caractéristiques architecturales du bien proposé pour inscription ont
intégré des influences des périodes ilkhanide et timouride aux messages religieux du soufisme et au
goût du raffinement des décorations et des grands espaces intérieurs, donnant ainsi naissance à de
nouvelles formes architecturales et artistiques.
Critère (iv): L‟ensemble de Cheikh Safi al-Din est un prototype et un exemple exceptionnel
d‟ensemble religieux du XVIe siècle, associé à des fonctions sociales, caritatives, culturelles et
éducatives, qui contient tous les éléments importants qui depuis lors caractérisent l‟architecture
safavide et sont devenus un prototype pour d‟autres Khānegāhs et sanctuaires.
Nomination file
- Bibliography:
147
Isfahan (Iran)
009111 - Preliminary study on the conservation problems of five Iranian monuments. Weaver, M.E. Paris, Unesco,
1970. 247 p, illus., plans. (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: conservation of historic monuments; islamic architecture; Iran; expert reports.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: architecture history; shrines; mosques; madrasah; assessment of damage; conservation
plans.
// Shrine of Sheikh Safi, Ardebil (Iran) // Masjid-I Jami, Gherveh (Iran) // Masjid-I Wakil, Shiraz (Iran) // Masjid-I Naw,
Shiraz (Iran) // Madrese Imam Quli Khan, Shiraz (Iran)
ACCESSION NO: 1128. DOC CODE: 1865.BMS.RD/CLT; FR/TA/CONSULTANT. (restricted).
015193 - Monuments et sites historiques de l'Iran. Meshkati, Nosratollah(compiled by); Behnam, I.; Pessyan, H.A.S.;
Sepahbodi, I. Tehran, Organisation Nationale de la Protection des Monuments Historiques de l'Iran. 2 v., 315 p., illus.
(same text in eng, fre). A list of the historical sites and ancient monuments of Iran. eng.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: inventories; islamic architecture; Iran.
ACCESSION NO: 2024. CALL NO: I.IR. 001.
017439 - The conservation of the Shrine of Sheikh Safi at Ardebil: Iran, second preliminary study. July - August 1971.
Weaver, M.A. UNESCO. Paris, UNESCO, 1971. 103p., illus, plans. (eng). Incl. appendices.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: conservation of historic monuments; archaeological excavations; timber-framed architecture;
Iran. // Chinikhanah, Iran
ACCESSION NO: 13940. URL: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0000/000013/001333eb.pdf
2010 - Tabriz Historic Bazaar Complex / Ensemble du bazar historique de
Tabriz (Criteria ii - iii - iv)
Brief description
Tabriz has been a place of cultural exchange since antiquity and its historic bazaar complex is one of
the most important commercial centres on the Silk Road. Tabriz Historic Bazaar Complex consists of a
series of interconnected, covered, brick structures, buildings, and enclosed spaces for different
functions. Tabriz and its Bazaar were already prosperous and famous in the 13th century, when the
town, in the province of Eastern Azerbaijan, became the capital city of the Safavid kingdom. The city
lost its status as capital in the 16th century, but remained important as a commercial hub until the end
of the 18th century, with the expansion of Ottoman power. It is one of the most complete examples of
the traditional commercial and cultural system of Iran.
Tabriz Historic Bazaar Complex, located along one of the most frequented east-west trade routes,
consists of a series of interconnected, covered brick structures, buildings, and enclosed spaces for a
variety of functions - commercial and trade-related activities, social gatherings, and educational and
religious practices. Closely interwoven with the architectural fabric is the social and professional
organization of the Bazaar, which has allowed it to function over the centuries and has made it into a
single integrated entity.
Tabriz Historic Bazaar Complex has been one of the most important international places for
commercial and cultural interchange, thanks to the centuries-old east-west trading connections and
routes and to a wise policy of endowments and tax exemptions.
Tabriz Historic Bazaar bears witness to one of the most complete socio-cultural and commercial
complexes among bazaars. It has developed over the centuries into an exceptional physical,
148
economic, social, political, and religious complex, in which specialized architectural structures,
functions, professions, and people from different cultures are integrated in a unique living environment.
The lasting role of the Tabriz Bazaar is reflected in the layout of its fabric and in the highly diversified
and reciprocally integrated architectural buildings and spaces, which have been a prototype for
Persian urban planning.
Criterion (ii): Tabriz Historic Bazaar Complex was one of the most important international trade and
cultural centres in Asia and the world between the 12th and the 18th centuries, thanks to the
centuries-old east-west trade routes. Tabriz Bazaar is an exceptional example of an architecturalurban commercial area, which is reflected in its highly varied and integrated architectural buildings and
spaces. The bazaar is one of the most sustainable socio-economic structures, and its great complexity
and articulation attests to the wealth in trade and cultural interaction of Tabriz.
Criterion (iii): Tabriz Historic Bazaar bears witness to one of the most complete socio-cultural and
commercial complexes among bazaars. It is an exceptional physical, economic, social, political, and
religious complex that bears an exceptional testimony to a civilization that is still living. Over the
centuries, thanks to its strategic location and to wise policies of endowments and tax exemptions,
Tabriz Bazaar has developed into a socio-economic and cultural system in which specialized
architectural structures, functions, professions, and people from different cultures are integrated into a
unique living environment.
Criterion (iv): Tabriz Historic Bazaar is an outstanding example of an integrated multi-functional urban
complex in which interconnected architectural structures and spaces have been shaped by
commercial activities and related necessities. A large number of specialized buildings and structures
are concentrated and reciprocally connected in a relatively compact area to form what is almost a
single integrated structure.
Brève description
Lieu d'échange culturel depuis l'Antiquité, l'ensemble du bazar historique de Tabriz est l'un des plus
importants centres de commerce le long de la Route de la Soie. L'ensemble du bazar historique de
Tabriz se compose d'une série d'enceintes et de structures couvertes en briques reliées entre elles et
d'enceintes aux fonctions variées. Tabriz et son bazar étaient déjà prospères et célèbres au 13e
siècle, lorsque Tabriz, située dans la province d'Azerbaïdjan-Oriental, devint la capitale du royaume
safavide. La ville, qui perdit son statut de capitale au XVIe siècle, conserva son rôle de pôle
commercial majeur jusqu'à la fin du XVIIIe siècle avec l'essor du pouvoir ottoman. Il s'agit d'un des
exemples les plus complets de système commercial et culturel traditionnel d'Iran.
Le bazar historique de Tabriz, situé le long d‟une des routes marchandes les plus fréquentées entre
l‟orient et l‟occident, se compose d‟une série de structures couvertes en briques, de bâtiments et
d‟espaces clos interconnectés, remplissant des fonctions diverses : activités commerciales ou
associées, lieux de réunion, d‟enseignement et de pratiques religieuses. Au tissu architectural
s‟entremêle l‟organisation sociale et professionnelle du bazar, moteur de son fonctionnement au fil des
siècles qui en a fait une seule entité intégrée.
Le bazar historique de Tabriz a été l‟un des plus importants lieux d‟échanges commerciaux et culturels
sur le plan international, grâce aux liens et itinéraires commerciaux séculaires entre l‟orient et
l‟occident, mais aussi à une sage politique de subventions et d'exonérations fiscales.
Le bazar historique de Tabriz apparaît parmi les bazars comme l‟un des ensembles socioculturels et
économiques les plus complets. Au fil des siècles, il s‟est développé en un système physique,
économique, social, politique et religieux exceptionnel, au sein duquel des structures architecturales,
des fonctions et des professions spécialisées, ainsi que des individus issus de différentes cultures,
s'intègrent dans un environnement vivant unique. Le rôle durable du bazar de Tabriz se reflète dans la
disposition de son tissu et dans les édifices et espaces architecturaux très diversifiés et
réciproquement imbriqués, qui ont été un prototype pour l'urbanisme persan.
149
Critère (ii) : Le bazar historique de Tabriz a été l‟un des plus importants centres marchands et
culturels internationaux en Asie, et dans le monde entier, entre les XIIe et XVIIIe siècles, grâce à des
routes commerciales séculaires entre l'Orient et l'Occident. Le bazar de Tabriz est un exemple
exceptionnel d‟une zone commerciale architecturale et urbaine qui se reflète dans ses édifices et ses
espaces incroyablement variés et intégrés. Le bazar est l'une des structures socio-économiques les
plus durables ; sa grande complexité et son articulation témoignent de la richesse du commerce et
des interactions culturelles de Tabriz.
Critère (iii) : Le bazar historique de Tabriz apparaît parmi les bazars comme l‟un des ensembles
socioculturels et économiques les plus complets. C‟est un ensemble physique, économique, social,
politique et religieux exceptionnel, qui apporte un témoignage exceptionnel sur une civilisation
toujours vivante. Au fil des siècles, grâce à son emplacement stratégique et à de sages politiques de
subventions et d‟exonérations fiscales, le bazar de Tabriz s„est développé jusqu‟à devenir un système
socio-économique et culturel où des structures architecturales, des fonctions, des professions
spécialisées et des gens issus de cultures diverses s'intègrent au sein d'un environnement vivant
unique.
Critère (iv) : Le bazar historique de Tabriz est un exemple exceptionnel d‟ensemble urbain
multifonctionnel intégré, où des structures architecturales et des espaces interconnectés ont été
façonnés par les activités commerciales et les besoins associés. Un grand nombre d‟édifices et de
structures spécialisés sont concentrés, connectés les uns avec les autres, dans une aire relativement
compacte, formant quasiment une seule structure intégrée.
Nomination file
- Bibliography:
Isfahan (Iran)
036537 - ICOMOS General Assembly and Scientific Symposium: Finding the spirit of place - Between the tangible
and the intangible. 16th. Québec, 29 September-4 October 2008. Phenomenology of Waqf in material forming of
islamic cities. Pirbabaei, Mohammad Taghi. Quebec, PUL, 2009. p. 89-95. (Patrimoine en mouvement) In: "Spirit of
place: Between tangible and intangible heritage / L'esprit du lieu : entre le patrimoine matériel et immatériel" (eng).
Incl. bibl. and abstracts in English and French.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic towns; islamic cultures; social aspects; urban spaces; intangible heritage; Iran.
// Waqf // Tabriz, Iran
ACCESSION NO: 16009. ISBN: 978-2-7637-8994-1.
URL:http://www.international.icomos.org/quebec2008/cd/toindex/77_pdf/77-wX9i-292.pdf
2011- The Persian Garden / Le Jardin Persan (Criteria i - ii - iii - iv - vi)
Brief description
The property includes nine gardens in as many provinces. They exemplify the diversity of Persian
garden designs that evolved and adapted to different climate conditions while retaining principles that
150
have their roots in the times of Cyrus the Great, 6th century BC. Always divided into four sectors, with
water playing an important role for both irrigation and ornamentation, the Persian garden was
conceived to symbolize Eden and the four Zoroastrian elements of sky, earth, water and plants. These
gardens, dating back to different periods since the 6th century BC, also feature buildings, pavilions
and walls, as well as sophisticated irrigation systems. They have influenced the art of garden design
as far as India and Spain.
Briève description
Le site comprend neuf jardins dans diverses régions d'Iran. Ils témoignent de la diversité des jardins
paysagers persans qui ont évolué et se sont adaptés aux différentes conditions climatiques, tout en
restant fidèles aux principes du concept original qui remonte aux temps de Cyrus le Grand, au VIe
siècle av. J.-C. Toujours divisé en quatre secteurs et accordant à l'eau un rôle central (tant pour
l'irrigation que pour l'esthétique), le jardin persan a été conçu pour symboliser l'Eden et les quatre
éléments zoroastriens : le ciel, la terre, l'eau et les végétaux. Ces jardins datent de périodes
différentes depuis le VIe siècle av. J.-C. et ils comportent aussi des bâtiments, pavillons et murs, ainsi
que des systèmes d'irrigation sophistiqués. Ils ont influencé l'art du jardin paysager jusqu'en Inde et en
Espagne.
Nomination file
- Bibliography:
018389 - Etudes sur les jardins Iraniens. Pechère, René. Paris, Icomos, 1975. p. 19-64, plans. In: "2nd International
Symposium on protection and restoration of historical gardens, Granada, Spain, 1973" (fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic gardens; islamic gardens; garden lay out; garden ornamental buildings; Iran.
ACCESSION NO: 2250. CALL NO: J.H. 016. URL: http://www.international.icomos.org/publications/islam.htm.
013039 - Islamic Gardens in Iran. Daneshdoust. Colombo, Sri Lanka National Committee of Icomos, 1993. p. 44-53,
illus. (Central Cultural Fund Publication. 127) In: "Historic Gardens and Sites. ICOMOS 10th General Assembly, Sri
Lanka, 1993" (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: Historic Gardens; Islamic Gardens; case studies; public gardens; Iran; Qu-r'an; climatic
factors; walls; canals; palaces; roses; shade; tiles; financial aspects; fruit-trees; sound.
// Guadamgah (Iran)
ACCESSION NO: 12523. CALL NO: J.H. 287. ISBN: 955-613-033-0. URL:
http://www.international.icomos.org/publications/93garden4.pdf.
017397 - Iran. Etude de jardins historiques. Mars 1973. Pechère, René. Paris, UNESCO, 1973. 85p., illus, plans. (fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic gardens; Iran.
ACCESSION NO: 13934. CALL NO: J.H. 303.
018389 - Etudes sur les jardins Iraniens. Pechère, René. Paris, Icomos, 1975. p. 19-64, plans. In: "2nd International
Symposium on protection and restoration of historical gardens, Granada, Spain, 1973" (fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic gardens; islamic gardens; garden lay out; garden ornamental buildings; Iran.
ACCESSION NO: 2250. CALL NO: J.H. 016. URL: http://www.international.icomos.org/publications/islam.htm.
018390 - Islamic gardens in Iran. Daneshdoust. Paris, Icomos, 1975. p. 71-74, illus., plans. In: "2nd International
Symposium on protection and restoration of historical gardens, Granada, Spain, 1973" (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic gardens; islamic gardens; Iran.
// Ghadamgah, Nishaborr, Iran
ACCESSION NO: 2250. CALL NO: J.H. 016. URL: http://www.international.icomos.org/publications/islam2.pdf.
Japan / Japon
1993- Buddhist Monuments in the Horyu-ji Area / Monuments bouddhiques de
la région d'Horyu-ji (Criteria i - ii - iv - vi)
151
Brief description
There are around 48 Buddhist monuments in the Horyu-ji area, in Nara Prefecture. Several date from
the late 7th or early 8th century, making them some of the oldest surviving wooden buildings in the
world. These masterpieces of wooden architecture are important not only for the history of art, since
they illustrate the adaptation of Chinese Buddhist architecture and layout to Japanese culture, but also
for the history of religion, since their construction coincided with the introduction of Buddhism to Japan
from China by way of the Korean peninsula.
Briève description
Les monuments bouddhiques du Horyu-ji, dans la préfecture de Nara, sont au nombre de 48. Certains
e
e
édifices construits à la fin du VII ou au début du VIII siècle comptent parmi les plus anciens
bâtiments de bois subsistant dans le monde. Chefs-d'œuvre de l'architecture en bois, ils ont marqué
une période importante de l'histoire de l'art, illustrant en effet l'adaptation de l'architecture et des plans
bouddhiques chinois à la culture japonaise. Ils ont également marqué l'histoire des religions car leur
construction coïncide avec l'introduction du bouddhisme au Japon, arrivant de Chine par la péninsule
de Corée.
Nomination file
- Bibliography:
013980 - Buddhist Monuments in the Horyu-ji area, Japan. (s.l.), (s.n.), (s.d.). 19 slides: col. and b.
w.(2 copies). (eng). From WHC dossier 660 listed in 1993. No legend.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; buddhist architecture; temples; wooden architecture; Japan.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: maps; architectural drawings; slides.
// Buddhist Monuments in the Horyu-ji area (Japan)
CALL NO: JP.HOR.04: 1-19 (WHC 660). (restricted).
013981 - Buddhist Monuments in the Horyu-ji area, Japan. (s.l.), (s.n.), (s.d.). 39 slides: col. + 2p. typescript + copies:
30, 33, 34, 35, 37, 38, 39. (eng). From WHC dossier 660 listed in 1993. Missing slides: 4, 5.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; buddhist architecture; temples; wooden architecture; Japan.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: monasteries; timbers; roofs; facades; architectural details; slides. // Buddhist Monuments
in the Horyu-ji area (Japan)
CALL NO: JP.HOR.03: 1-39 (WHC 660). (restricted).
017673 - The World Heritage in Japan. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan; Agency for Cultural Affairs, Japan;
Environment Agency, Japan; Forestry Agency, Japan. Tokyo, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 1998. 24 p., illus, maps.
(eng). Incl. criteria of the World Heritage Chart.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world cultural heritage; world heritage list; villages; buddhist architecture; natural heritage;
management; Japan.
// Hiroshima Peace Memorial, Japan (WHC 775) // Historic Villages of Shirakawa-go and Gokayama, Japan (WHC
734) // Buddhist Monuments in the Horyu-ji Area, Japan (WHC 660) // Himeji-jo, Japan (WHC 661) // Yakushima,
Japan (WHC 662) // Shirakami-Shanchi, Japan (WHC 663° // Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto, Japan (WHC 688)
// Itsukushima Shinto Shrina, Japan (WHC 776)
017875 - Principles of conservation and restoration regarding wooden buildings in Japan. Sekino, Masaru. ICOMOS
Japan. Colombo, ICOMOS Japan, 1996. p. 37-48, illus. (Central Cultural Fund. 207, 1996) (eng). In :"Monuments and
Sites Japan".
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: wooden architecture; world heritage list; historic monuments and sites; pagodas; shrines;
restoration techniques; dismantling; case studies; X-ray analysis; Japan.
// Buddhist monuments in the Horyu-ji Area, Japan (WHC 660)
019442 - Authenticity and world heritage. Droste, Bernd von; Bertilsson, Ulf. Trondheim, Tapir Publisher, 1995. p. 315, illus. (eng). In: "Nara conference on authenticity in relation to the World Heritage Convention. Proceedings"; Incl.
bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world cultural heritage; authenticity; world heritage list; case studies.
// Todedo, Spain (WHC 379) // City of Cuzco, Peru (WHC 273) // Historic Centre of Warsaw, Poland (WHC 30) //
Medina of Tunis, Tunisia (WHC 36) // Anthony Island, Canada (WHC 157) // Ashanti traditional buildings, Ghana
(WHC 35) // Buddhist monuments in the Horyu-ji Area, Japan (WHC 660)
027024 - Periodic Report: Buddhist Monuments in the Horyu-Ji Area. Nara Prefectural Board of Education, Cultural
Assets Preservation Division. [Paris], [UNESCO], [2003]. 22p. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage convention; world heritage list; periodic reports; conservation; buddhist
architecture; authenticity; temples; wooden architecture; management; monitoring; tourists; attendance rate; Japan.
// Buddhist Monuments in the Horyu-Ji Area, Japan (WHC 660)
152
1993-Himeji-jo / Himeji-jo (Criteria i - iv)
Brief description
Himeji-jo is the finest surviving example of early 17th-century Japanese castle architecture, comprising
83 buildings with highly developed systems of defence and ingenious protection devices dating from
the beginning of the Shogun period. It is a masterpiece of construction in wood, combining function
with aesthetic appeal, both in its elegant appearance unified by the white plastered earthen walls and
in the subtlety of the relationships between the building masses and the multiple roof layers.
Briève description
e
Himeji-jo est l'expression la plus parfaite de l'architecture de château du début du XVII siècle au
Japon. Il comprend 83 bâtiments, avec des dispositifs de défense très élaborés et d'ingénieux
systèmes de protection édifiés au début de la période du shogunat. C'est un chef-d'œuvre de
construction en bois qui associe un véritable rôle fonctionnel à un grand attrait esthétique, par
l'élégance de son aspect et ses murs de terre blanchis, et par la subtilité des relations entre les
masses des bâtiments et les multiples plans de ses toits.
Nomination file
- Bibliography:
011776 - Dialogue on the Protection of Architectural Monuments in Japan. Larsen, Knut E.; Ito, Nobuo. Naples, ESI,
1990. P. 12-21, illus. (Icomos Information. 3) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: wooden architecture; timber-framed architecture; roofings; prevention of deterioration;
restoration techniques; reinforcement; Japan.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: case studies; castles.
// Himeji Castle (Japan)
013982 - Himeji-jo, Hyogo Province, Japan. (s.l.), (s.n.), (s.d.). 19 slides: col.
b. & w. (2 copies). (eng). From WHC dossier 661 listed in 1993. No legend.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; fortified architecture; military architecture; castles; Japan.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: architectural drawings; maps; slides.
// Himeji-jo, Hyogo Province (Japan)
CALL NO: JP.HIM.02: 1-19 (WHC 661). (restricted).
013983 - Himeji-jo, Hyogo Province, Japan. (s.l.), (s.n.), (s.d.). 35 slides: col. + 3p. typescript. (eng). From WHC
dossier 661 listed in 1993. Missing slides: 2, 3, 9, 10, 11, 27.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; fortified architecture; military architecture; castles; Japan.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: fortresses; gates; walls; wooden architecture; plaster; interior architecture; roofs; towers;
slides. // Himeji-jo, Hyogo Province (Japan)
CALL NO: JP.HIM.01: 1-35 (WHC 661). (restricted).
management; Japan.
026990 - Periodic Report: Himeji-jo. Hyogo Prefecture Board of Education, Cultural Asset Protection Office, Japan.
153
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage convention; world heritage list; periodic reports; fortified architecture; castles;
conservation; wooden architecture; management; tourists; attendance rate; monitoring; Japan.
// Himejo-ji, Japan (WHC 661)
1993- Shirakami-Sanchi / Shirakami-Sanchi (Criterion ix)
Brief description
Situated in the mountains of northern Honshu, this trackless site includes the last virgin remains of the
cool-temperate forest of Siebold's beech trees that once covered the hills and mountain slopes of
northern Japan. The black bear, the serow and 87 species of birds can be found in this forest.
Briève description
Dans les montagnes du nord de Honshu, le site, dépourvu de routes et de sentiers, a conservé les
derniers peuplements vierges de forêts tempérées froides de hêtres de Siebold qui couvraient jadis
les pentes des montagnes au nord du Japon. Ses forêts abritent l'ours noir, le serow et 87 espèces
d'oiseaux.
Nomination file
- Bibliography:
016769 - The issue of access conditions at the Shirakami-Sanchi World Heritage Area. Saito, Norio. Paris, UNESCO,
1999. p.155-159. (eng). In : "World Natural Heritage and the local community", Incl.bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; natural heritage; local communities; access; management; local level;
Japan. // IUCN // Shirakami-Sanchi, Japan (WHC 663)
management; Japan.
1993- Yakushima / Yakushima (Criteria vii - ix)
Brief description
Located in the interior of Yaku Island, at the meeting-point of the palaearctic and oriental biotic
regions, Yakushima exhibits a rich flora, with some 1,900 species and subspecies, including ancient
154
specimens of the sugi (Japanese cedar). It also contains a remnant of a warm-temperate ancient
forest that is unique in this region.
Briève description
À l'intérieur de l'île de Yaku, Yakushima est situé à l'interface des régions biologiques paléarctique et
orientale et possède une flore très riche (1 900 espèces et sous-espèces), qui comprend de très
anciens spécimens de sugi, ou cèdre japonais. Le site contient également un vestige de l'ancienne
forêt tempérée chaude, unique dans la région.
Nomination file
- Bibliography:
016762 - The role of local government in the conservation of the World Natural Heritage of Yakushima Island.
Hoschino, Kasuaki. Paris, UNESCO, 1999. p. 97-101. (eng). In: "World Natural Heritage and the local community",
Incl.bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; natural sites; conservation; management; local communities; local level;
Japan. // Yakushima, Japan (WHC 662)
management; Japan.
// Itsukushima Shinto Shrina, Japan
(WHC 776)
1994- Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto (Kyoto, Uji and Otsu Cities) /
Monuments historiques de l'ancienne Kyoto (villes de Kyoto, Uji et Otsu)
(Criteria ii - iv)
Brief description
Built in A.D. 794 on the model of the capitals of ancient China, Kyoto was the imperial capital of Japan
from its foundation until the middle of the 19th century. As the centre of Japanese culture for more
than 1,000 years, Kyoto illustrates the development of Japanese wooden architecture, particularly
religious architecture, and the art of Japanese gardens, which has influenced landscape gardening the
world over.
Briève description
Construite en 794 sur le modèle des capitales de la Chine ancienne, Kyoto a été la capitale impériale
e
du Japon depuis sa fondation jusqu'au milieu du XIX siècle. En tant que foyer de la culture japonaise
depuis plus de mille ans, Kyoto retrace le développement de l'architecture japonaise en bois,
notamment l'architecture religieuse, et l'art des jardins japonais qui a influencé la conception des
jardins dans le monde entier.
155
Nomination file
- Bibliography:
000431 - Studies on air dusts around cultural property-(3):chemical components in dust. Kadokura, Takeo. Tokyo,
National Research Institute of Cultural Properties, 1980. p. 29-34, illus. (Science for Conservation. 80,19) (jap).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: air pollution; analysis; environment; temples; Japan.
// Daijuji, Aichi (Japan) // Sanjusangendo, Kyoto (Japan)
006226 - La Conservation des monuments historiques au Japon. Fujimoto, Nabuyoshi. Paris, Cahiers de la ligue
urbaine et rurale, 1985. p. 20-28, illus. (Cahiers de la ligue urbaine et rurale. 87) (fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: architectural heritage; conservation of historic monuments; theory of conservation; gardens;
temples; castles; Japan. // Tokyo (Japan) // Nara (Japan) // Kyoto (Japan)
ACCESSION NO: K-36.
009282 - An Environmental survey of the Ninomaru Palace Ohiroma in Nijo Castle. Kenjo, Toshiko. Tokyo, Tokyo
National Research Institute of Cultural Properties, 1985. p. 103-119, figs. (eng). In:"International Symposium on the
Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Property-Conservation and restoration of mural paintings (II)".
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: palaces; wooden architecture; paintings; environment; climatic factors; Japan. // Ninomaru
Palace, Nijo Castle, Kyoto (Japan)
ACCESSION NO: 9496.
009306 - Système de protection du patrimoine dans la ville japonaise. Gallian, Claire. [Kyoto], 1987. 10 p. (fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: legislation; national legislation; conservation of historic monuments; historic towns; Japan. //
Kyoto (Japan)
ACCESSION NO: 9519. CALL NO: L.JP. 002.
010345 - Icomos. Colloque international. 8th. Washington, 1987. Les Monuments en relation avec leur environnement
bâti et naturel et dans leur contexte historique. Monuments in relation to their natural and built environments and their
historical contexts (eng). Washington, US/Icomos, 1987. p. 514-828, illus. (same text in ). In : "Cultures anciennes
dans les Mondes Nouveaux=Old Cultures in New Worlds" ; Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: conservation of cultural heritage; vernacular architecture; theory of conservation;
conservation in situ; reconstruction; towns; villages; rural areas; housing; religious architecture; public gardens;
colonial architecture; stylistic influences; environmental impact statements; building techniques; deterioration; urban
development; town planning; tourism; cultural identity; Italy; Australia; USA; Argentina; Poland; Venezuela; France;
Egypt; India; Japan; Turkey; Morocco; Ireland; Sweden; Norway; Peru; Greece; Belgium; Philippines; Azores; Saudi
Arabia.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: lake dwellings; log cabins; fabrics; baths; temples; earthquakes; air pollution; building
materials; architecture history; proceedings of conferences.
// Sicily (Italy) // Haberfield, Sydney (Australia) // Canberra (Australia) // Dacey Garden Suburb (Australia) // Virginia
City (USA) // Rio de la Plata (Argentina) // Lake Maracaibo (Venezuela) // Temple, Nogent-sur-Marne (France) //
Angra do Heroismo (Azores) // Cairo (Egypt) // Allahabad (India) // Porto Longone-Porto Azzuro, Elba Island (Italy) //
Machiya, Kyoto (Japan) // Makkah al Mukarramah (Turkey) // Rabbat (Morocco)
ACCESSION NO: 9807.
011134 - In a Japanese Garden. Coats, Bruce A. Washington, D.C., The National Geographic Society, 1989. p. 638663, illus. (National Geographic. 176, 5) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: gardens; japanese gardens; descriptions; Japan. // Ryoanji, Kyoto (Japan) ACCESSION NO:
K-305. ISSN: 0027-9358.
012645 - Ces jardins trop mal connus et leur avenir. Pechere, René. Mons, Hainaut Tourisme, 1989. 12p., illus.,
plans. (fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic gardens; definitions; fountains; microorganisms; sand.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: rocks; hedges; training; case studies; terraces.
// Société des Amateurs de Jardins (France) // Espaces verts et Art des jardins (Belgium) // Grenade (Spain) // Kyoto
(Japan) // Ansouis (France) // Huran-Minar (Pakistan) // Amber-Inde (Gaïpur)
ACCESSION NO: 12150. CALL NO: J.H.262.
012860 - La protection du patrimoine et le développement urbain au Japon. Gallian, Claire. Kyoto, Maison FrancoJaponaise, 1986. 23 p. (fre). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: protection of cultural heritage; urban development; case studies; town planning legislation;
Japan.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: financial aspects; rehabilitation; housing; natural environment; economic aspects;
cultural identity; public awareness; historic quarters.
// Association Nationale des Architectes Japonais // ICOMOS // UNESCO // Association Nationale des Architectes
Japonais // ICOMOS // Conférence sur la protection des bâtiments historiques. Venice, 1964 // Kamakura (Japan) //
Nara (Japan) // Kyoto (Japan)
ACCESSION NO: 12077. CALL NO: UR. 066.
016019 - Japon. Monuments historiques de l'ancienne Kyoto. Slides. 165 slides: col. (jap). Listed as WHC 688 in
1994.
156
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: World heritage list; historic monuments; historic towns; architectural ensembles; Japan.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: historic gardens; maps; regional planning.
// Kyoto (Japan) // Uji (Japan) // Otsu (Japan)
ACCESSION NO: JA.KYO.06:1-165.
016080 - The impulse to recapture the original : reflections on the practice of architectural conservation in Japan.
Enders, S.; Gutschow, N.; Henrichsen, Ch. (ger). draft report stay in Japan March-May 1997.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: wood; conservation; reconstruction; case studies; Japan.
// Koyasan, Japan // Kyoto, Japan
ACCESSION NO: 13535. CALL NO: Bo. 272.
016283 - Hozon. Architectural and urban conservation in Japan. Henrichsen, C.; Enders, S. RCT; Gutschow, N.
Stuttgart; London, Edition Axel Menges, 1998. 207 p., illus., maps, graphs. (various texts in eng, fre, jap).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; architectural heritage; conservation; legislation; Japan.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: historical surveys; restoration; reconstruction; conservation plans.
// Japanese-german cooperation program in architectural and urban conservation 1996-1998 // Kyoto, Japan (WHC
688) // Koyasan, Japan // Imai-chô, Japan
management; Japan.
018219 - Between the symposium in 1970 and the present one. Nishiyama, Uzo. Tokyo, ISHL, 1977. p.79-82. (eng).
In: "International Symposium of Experts for the Safeguarding of Historic Landscape".
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic landscapes; historic towns; protection of cultural heritage; town planning; urban
development; legislation; financial assistance; Japan.
// Symposium on Preservation and Development of Historical Area at Kyoto and Nara in Relation with their Urban
Planning. .Kyoto, .7-13th September 1970 // International Human Environment Preservation Congress. .Kyoto, .1975
// Old Capital Preservation law, 1966 // Kyoto, Japan // Nara, Japan // Urban Green Zone Preservation Law, 1973 //
Cultural Assets Protection Law, October 1975
CALL NO: J.H. 053.
018220 - Concept and principle of preservation of historical landscape (from a standpoint of city history and its
preservation landscaping plan). Nishikawa, Noji. Tokyo, ISHL, 1977. p.91-96. (eng). In: "International Symposium of
Experts for the Safeguarding of Historic Landscape".
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic landscapes; historic towns; conservation of cultural heritage; conservation of historic
sites; town planning; landscaping; public awareness; environmental deterioration; Japan. // Nara, Japan // Kyoto,
Japan
CALL NO: J.H. 053.
018227 - The Historic landscape in Kyoto city. 17p. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic landscapes; historic monuments and sites; legislation; temples; inventories; Japan. //
Kyoto city, Japan
CALL NO: J.H. 049.
018758 - Kyoto. Kyoto City Government. Kyoto, Kyoto City Government, 1987. 119 p., illus. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic towns; world heritage list; historic monuments; buddhist architecture; temples;
Japan. // Kyoto, Japan (WHC 688)
CALL NO: 10290.
022148 - La patrimoine industriel herité des échanges franco-japonais au XIX siècle. Lefort, Anne-Cécile. Paris,
CILAC, 2003. p. 26-30, illus. (L'Archéologie industrielle en France. 43) (fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: industrial architecture; Japan; France; 19th.
// Yokosuka, Japan // Kure, Japan // Yokohama, Japan // Canal de Biwako et Central Thermique de Keage, Kyoto,
Japan // Tomioka, Japan // Ikuno, Japan
022715 - Byodo-In. Japan. [32] p., illus. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: temples; wooden architecture; world heritage list; Japan. // Byôdô-In, Kyoto, Japan
022716 - Kyoto City Planning. Kyoto City. Kyoto, 1992. 28 p., illus. (same text in eng, jap).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: town planning; urban development; Japan. // Kyoto, Japan
024364 - Nishijin, the traditional textile area as historic urban structure in Kyoto. Katagata, Shin'ya. Sofia,
BNC/ICOMOS, 1996. p. 533-538, illus. (eng). In: "11th ICOMOS General Assembly and International symposium:
"The heritage and social changes - symposium papers".
157
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: industrial areas; historic towns; town planning; Japan. // Kyoto, Japan
030843 - The preservation and revitalization of the Historic City Kyoto : The development and changes of its tourism.
Muneta, Yosifumi. Seoul, ICOMOS-Korea, 2006. p. 53-83. In: "Impact of mass tourism on historic villages : identifying
key indicators of tourism impact" (eng). Incl. abstract in English and Korean.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic towns; world heritage list; conservation of historic towns; revitalization; cultural
tourism; tourism management; tourist industry; attendance rate; statistical analysis; economic aspects; impact; Japan;
sustainable tourism; sustainable development.
// Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto, Japan (WHC 688)
1995- Historic Villages of Shirakawa-go and Gokayama / Villages historiques de
Shirakawa-go et Gokayama (Criteria iv - v)
Brief description
Located in a mountainous region that was cut off from the rest of the world for a long period of time,
these villages with their Gassho-style houses subsisted on the cultivation of mulberry trees and the
rearing of silkworms. The large houses with their steeply pitched thatched roofs are the only examples
of their kind in Japan. Despite economic upheavals, the villages of Ogimachi, Ainokura and Suganuma
are outstanding examples of a traditional way of life perfectly adapted to the environment and people's
social and economic circumstances.
Briève description
Situés dans une région montagneuse longtemps isolée, ces villages aux maisons de style gassho
tiraient leur subsistance de la culture du mûrier et de l'élevage du ver à soie. Leurs grandes maisons
au toit de chaume à double pente très accentuée sont uniques au Japon. Malgré les bouleversements
économiques, les villages d'Ogimachi, d'Ainokura et de Suganuma demeurent des témoins
exceptionnels de la parfaite adaptation de la vie traditionnelle à son environnement et à sa fonction
sociale.
Nomination file
- Bibliography:
016018 - Japon. Villes historiques de Shirakawa-go et Gokayama. Slides. 89 slides: col. (jap). List of legends in
English. Listed as WHC 734 in 1993.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: World heritage list; historic monuments; historic towns; maps; drawings; vernacular
architecture; houses; fire protection; Japan.
// Shirakawa-go (Japan). Gokayama (Japan)
ACCESSION NO: JA.SHI.05:1-89(WHC 734).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world cultural heritage; world heritage list; villages; buddhist architecture; management;
Japan.
027204 - The conservation of the historic villages of Shirakawa-go and Gokayama. Saito, Hidetoshi; Inaba, Nobuko.
Hildesheim, City of Hidelsheim, 1997. p.214-220, illus. p. 240. In: "International Symposium : World cultural heritage,
a global challenge. Hildesheim, Germany, 23/02 - 01/03 1997" (eng).
158
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; vernacular architecture; farmhouses; villages; conservation plans; fire
protection; management; local communities; community participation; Japan.
// Historic village of Shirakawa-go, Japan (WHC 734) // Historic village of Gokayama, Japan (WHC 734)
1996- Itsukushima Shinto Shrine / Sanctuaire shinto d'Itsukushima
(Criteria i - ii - iv - vi)
Briedf description
The island of Itsukushima, in the Seto inland sea, has been a holy place of Shintoism since the earliest
times. The first shrine buildings here were probably erected in the 6th century. The present shrine
dates from the 13th century and the harmoniously arranged buildings reveal great artistic and
technical skill. The shrine plays on the contrasts in colour and form between mountains and sea and
illustrates the Japanese concept of scenic beauty, which combines nature and human creativity.
Briève description
Lieu saint du shintoïsme depuis les temps les plus reculés, l'île d'Itsukushima, dans la mer intérieure
e
e
de Seto, aurait accueilli ses premiers sanctuaires au VI siècle. Le sanctuaire actuel date du XIII
siècle et ses bâtiments harmonieusement disposés témoignent d'une grande qualité artistique et
technique. Composition jouant, entre mer et montagne, sur les contrastes de couleurs et de masses,
le sanctuaire d'Itsukushima illustre parfaitement le concept japonais de la beauté d'un panorama
unissant paysage naturel et création humaine.
Nomination file
- Bibliography:
management; Japan.
017738 - Sanctuaire Shinto d'Itsukushima. 53 slides : col (eng). From WHC 776 listed in 1996 ; 2 pages typescript.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: buddhist architecture; world heritage list; shrines; temples; aerial photography; maps; Japan.
// Itsukushima Shinto Shrine, Japan (WHC 776)
CALL NO: JP.ITS.08 : 1-53 (WHC 776).
1996- Hiroshima Peace Memorial (Genbaku Dome) / Mémorial de la paix
d'Hiroshima (Dôme de Genbaku) (Criterion vi)
159
Brief description
The Hiroshima Peace Memorial (Genbaku Dome) was the only structure left standing in the area
where the first atomic bomb exploded on 6 August 1945. Through the efforts of many people,
including those of the city of Hiroshima, it has been preserved in the same state as immediately after
the bombing. Not only is it a stark and powerful symbol of the most destructive force ever created by
humankind; it also expresses the hope for world peace and the ultimate elimination of all nuclear
weapons.
Briève description
Le Mémorial de la Paix d'Hiroshima, ou Dôme de Genbaku, fut le seul bâtiment à rester debout près
du lieu où explosa la première bombe atomique, le 6 août 1945. Il a été préservé tel qu'il était juste
après le bombardement grâce à de nombreux efforts, dont ceux des habitants d'Hiroshima, en
espérant une paix durable et l'élimination finale de toutes les armes nucléaires de la planète. C'est un
symbole dur et puissant de la force la plus destructrice que l'homme ait jamais créée, qui incarne en
même temps l'espoir de la paix.
Nomination file
- Bibliography:
management; Japan.
017737 - Mémorial de la paix d' Hiroshima (Dôme de Genbaku). 44 slides : col ; B
W. (eng). From WHC 775 listed in 1996 ; 2 pages typescript.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: memorials; world heritage list; war damage; 20th; domes; aerial photography; maps; Japan.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: slides. // Hiroshima Peace Memorial (Genbaku Dome), Japan (WHC 775)
CALL NO: JP.HIR.07 : 1-44 (WHC 775).
018553 - Hiroshima, Genbaku Dome: Hiroshima Peace Memorial. Yanagi, Yutaro. Madrid, UNESCO, 1998. p.16-21,
illus., maps. (World Heritage Review. 9, 1998) (same text in eng, fre). Hiroshima, le dôme Genbaku: mémorial de la
paix. fre.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: memorials; war damage; world heritage list; Japan.
// Hiroshima Peace Memorial (Genbaku Dome), Japan (WHC 775)
033758 - Japan. Petzet, Michael; Maeno, Masaru. ICOMOS Altenburg, E.Reinhold Verlag, 2008. p. 102-104, illus. In:
"Heritage at risk: ICOMOS World Report 2006/2007 on Monuments and Sites in Danger" (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: cultural heritage at risk; ports; architectural projects; domes; threats; Japan.
// Tomo-no-Ura Port, Fukuyama City, Japan // Genbaku Dome, Hiroshima, Japan
ACCESSION NO: 15684. CALL NO: Ri. 095 (5). ISBN: 978-3-937940-47-2. URL:
http://www.international.icomos.org/risk/world_report/2006-2007/pdf/H@R_20062007_26_National_Report_Japan.pdf.
1998-Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara / Monuments historiques de
l'ancienne Nara (Criteria ii - iii - iv - vi)
160
Brief description
Nara was the capital of Japan from 710 to 784. During this period the framework of national
government was consolidated and Nara enjoyed great prosperity, emerging as the fountainhead of
Japanese culture. The city's historic monuments Ŕ Buddhist temples, Shinto shrines and the
excavated remains of the great Imperial Palace Ŕ provide a vivid picture of life in the Japanese capital
in the 8th century, a period of profound political and cultural change.
Briève description
Nara a été la capitale du Japon de 710 à 784. Durant cette période, la structure du gouvernement
national s'est consolidée et la capitale, très prospère, est devenue la source d'inspiration de la culture
japonaise. Les monuments historiques de Nara Ŕ temples bouddhiques et sanctuaires shintoïstes,
ainsi que les fouilles du grand palais impérial Ŕ offrent une image frappante de ce que fut la capitale
e
du Japon au VIII siècle, période de profond changement politique et culturel.
Nomination file
- Bibliography:
003625 - Steinkonservierung in Japan. Riederer, Josef. Berlin, 1978. p. 143-150, illus. (Berliner Beiträge zur
Archäometrie. 3) (ger). Off print, incl.bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: stone; conservation; Japan.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: consolidation of materials; acrylic resins; epoxy resins; rock paintings; air conditioning;
roofs; reconstruction; rock cut architecture; monumental sculpture; hardeners. // Daibutsuden, Nara (Japan)
ACCESSION NO: 8119. CALL NO: Pi. 234 P.
temples; castles; Japan.
// Tokyo (Japan) // Nara (Japan) // Kyoto (Japan)
ACCESSION NO: K-36.
ACCESSION NO: 8873.
007889 - Wall and documenting the distribution of damages. Masuda, Katsuhiko; Higuchi, Seiji. Tokyo, Tokyo
National Research Institute of Cultural Properties, 1985. p. 95-103, illus. (Science for Conservation. 24) (jap).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: restoration of wall paintings; wood-paintings; temples; Japan.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: pigments; assessment of damage; consolidation of materials; injections.
// Hasedera Temple, Sakurai city, Nara (Japan)
012860 - La protection du patrimoine et le développement urbain au Japon. Gallian, Claire. Kyoto, Maison FrancoJaponaise, 1986. 23 p. (fre). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: protection of cultural heritage; urban development; case studies; town planning legislation;
Japan.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: financial aspects; rehabilitation; housing; natural environment; economic aspects;
cultural identity; public awareness; historic quarters.
// Association Nationale des Architectes Japonais // ICOMOS // UNESCO // Association Nationale des Architectes
Japonais // ICOMOS // Conférence sur la protection des bâtiments historiques. Venice, 1964 // Kamakura (Japan) //
Nara (Japan) // Kyoto (Japan)
014614 - The historic city of Nara. An archaeological approach. An archaeological approach. Kiyotari, Tsuboi; Magaku
(Tanaka); Hughes, David W. (translator); Barnes, Gina L. (translator). Paris; Tokyo, UNESCO, Center for East Asian
Cultural Studies, 1991. 157 p., 18 plates, maps. (eng). Incl. bibl.,translation equivalents, index.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic towns; archaeological heritage; archaeological interpretation; historical surveys;
Japan.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: archaeological excavations; archaeological finds. // Nara (Japan)
ACCESSION NO: 10272. CALL NO: V.H. 1255. ISBN: 92-3-102627-5 (UNESCO); 4-89656-501-0 (CEACS).
017208 - Nara (Japan). Ookawa,Yasunori. Nara, Nara City, 2000. p. 40-41. (eng). In : "1999 Nara Seminar Report :
development and integrity of historic cities".
161
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic towns; world heritage list; conservation policy; legislation; Japan. // Nara, Japan
(WHC 870)
017884 - Urbanization, Nara Palace and its Excavation. Tanaka, Migaku; Tsuboi, Kiyotari. ICOMOS Japan. Colombo,
ICOMOS Japan, 1996. p. 116-148, illus., plans. (Central Cultural Fund. 207, 1996) (eng). In :"Monuments and Sites
Japan".
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic monuments and sites; world heritage list; town planning; archaeological excavations;
archaeological interpretation; Japan.
// Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara, Japan (WHC 870)
018214 - Preservation of historical environment and the role of movement of the inhabitants in Japan. Kihara, Keikichi.
Tokyo, ISHL, 1977. p.153-158. (eng). In: "International Symposium of Experts for the Safeguarding of Historic
Landscape".
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: cultural heritage; environment; environmental deterioration; protection of environment;
conservation of natural heritage; urban development; community participation; public awareness; Japan.
// Environmental Committee in OECD // Nara, Japan // Heijokyo Ruin, Japan // Kamakura, Japan // Tokyo, Japan //
Tsumago-Juku, Nagano Prefecture, Japan
CALL NO: J.H. 053.
018215 - Participation of local population for preservation of historical surroundings. Kurasawa, Susumu. Tokyo, ISHL,
1977. p.129-133. (eng). In: "International Symposium of Experts for the Safeguarding of Historic Landscape".
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: protection of environment; conservation of cultural heritage; legislation; urban development;
community participation; local communities; public awareness; Japan.
// Historical Surrounding Preservation Association // Nara, Japan // Kamakura, Japan
CALL NO: J.H. 053.
018216 - Administration situation on the preservation of historical landscape. Hirano, Kanzo. Ministry of Construction.
Tokyo, ISHL, 1977. p.83-86. (eng). In: "International Symposium of Experts for the Safeguarding of Historic
Landscape". PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic landscapes; conservation of cultural heritage; legislation; definitions;
Japan.
// Nara, Japan // Kamakura, Japan // Kyoto, Japan // City Green Tract of Land Preservation Law, 1973 // Old Capital
Preservation Law, 1966
CALL NO: J.H. 053.
018220 - Concept and principle of preservation of historical landscape (from a standpoint of city history and its
preservation landscaping plan). Nishikawa, Noji. Tokyo, ISHL, 1977. p.91-96. (eng). In: "International Symposium of
Experts for the Safeguarding of Historic Landscape".
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic landscapes; historic towns; conservation of cultural heritage; conservation of historic
sites; town planning; landscaping; public awareness; environmental deterioration; Japan. // Nara, Japan // Kyoto,
Japan
CALL NO: J.H. 053.
018229 - The Historic landscape in Nara Prefecture. 20p. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic landscapes; historic monuments and sites; conservation of historic gardens;
historical surveys; legislation; temples; shrines; mausolea; urban development; Japan.
// Asuka village, Japan // Kashiwara city, Japan // Nara city, Japan // Ikaruga town, Japan // Tenri city, Japan // Sakurai
city, Japan // Nara Park, Japan
CALL NO: J.H. 049.
018713 - Porto, património e paradigmas. Campos, João. Porto, Camara Municipal da Cidade do Porto , 1997. 159
p., illus. (various texts in por, eng, fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic towns; world heritage list; charters; international recommendations; Portugal.
// Carta de Atenas do Restauro, 1931 // UNESCO, Recomandação de Paris, 1962 // Carta de Veneza, 1964 //
Convenção do Património Mundial , 1972 // Carta de Manila (ICOMOS Charter of Cultural Tourism), 1976 //
UNESCO, Recomandação de Nairobi, 1976 // Conselho da Europa, Resolução 97, 1978 // Carta de Florença, 1982
(Charter on the preservation of historic gardens) // Carta de Toledo, 1987 (Charter for the Conservation of historic
towns and urban areas) // Carta de Lausana, 1990 (International Charter for archeological heritage management) //
Documento de Nara, 1994 // Carta de Sofia, 1996 // Porto, Portugal (WHC 755)
020517 - Monuments historiques de l'ancienne Nara. Otsuka, Kazuaki. Paris, UNESCO, 2003. p. 36-47, illus. (World
Heritage Review. 30) (same text in fre, spa). Monumentos históricos de la Antigua Nara. spa.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; historic towns; temples; buddhist architecture; wooden architecture;
Japan. // Historic monuments of Ancient Nara, Japan (WHC 870)
022299 - Conservation of water-logged wooden materials from The Nara Palace site. Sawada, Masaaki. Tokyo,
TNRICP, 1978. p. 49-58, illus. (eng). In: "International Symposium on the Conservation and Restoration of Cultural
Property. Conservation of wood. 24-28 november 1977, Tokio, Nara and Kioto, Japan" ; Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: waterlogged wood; conservation; world heritage list; Japan.
// Nara Palace Sites, Japan (WHC 870)
ACCESSION NO: 5158. CALL NO: B.O. 078.
162
1999- Shrines and Temples of Nikko / Sanctuaires et temples de Nikko
(Criteria i - iv - vi)
Brief description
The shrines and temples of Nikko, together with their natural surroundings, have for centuries been a
sacred site known for its architectural and decorative masterpieces. They are closely associated with
the history of the Tokugawa Shoguns.
Briève description
Les sanctuaires et temples de Nikko, ainsi que le cadre naturel qui les entoure, constituent depuis des
siècles un lieu sacré où se sont élevés des chefs-d'œuvre d'architecture et de décoration artistique. Ils
sont étroitement liés à l'histoire des shoguns Tokugawa.
Nomination file
- Bibliography:
018645 - Shrines and Temples of Nikko. Akieda, Yumi Isabelle; Masuda, Kanefusa. Madrid, UNESCO, 2001. p. 6879, illus., maps. (World Heritage Review. 21, 2001) (spa). Sanctuaries y Templos de Nikko. spa.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: buddhist architecture; world heritage list; religious architecture; sanctuaries; temples; Japan.
// Shrines and Temples of Nikko, Japan (WHC 913)
2000- Gusuku Sites and Related Properties of the Kingdom of Ryukyu / Sites
Gusuku et biens associés du royaume des Ryukyu (Criteria ii - iii - vi)
Brief description
Five hundred years of Ryukyuan history (12th-17th century) are represented by this group of sites and
monuments. The ruins of the castles, on imposing elevated sites, are evidence for the social structure
over much of that period, while the sacred sites provide mute testimony to the rare survival of an
ancient form of religion into the modern age. The wide- ranging economic and cultural contacts of the
Ryukyu Islands over that period gave rise to a unique culture.
Briève description
e
e
Ce groupe de sites et de monuments représente cinq cents ans d'histoire des Ryukyu (XII -XVII
siècle). Les châteaux en ruine, qui se dressent sur d'imposantes hauteurs, illustrent la structure
sociale d'une grande partie de cette période, tandis que les sites sacrés demeurent les témoins muets
de la rare survivance d'une ancienne forme de religion jusque dans l'ère contemporaine. Les multiples
contacts économiques et culturels des îles Ryukyu au cours de cette période s'expriment dans le
caractère unique de la culture qu'elles ont forgée.
163
Nomination file
- Bibliography:
017557 - Sites Gusuku et biens associés du Royaume des Ryukyu. 104 slides : col. (eng). From WHC 972 listed in
2000 ; 4 pages typescript.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic monuments and sites; world heritage list; castles; fortified architecture; ruins; Japan.
// Gusuku sites and related properties of the Kingdom of Ryukyu, Japan (WHC 972)
CALL NO: JP. GUS. 09 : 1-104 (WHC 972).
028226 - Advocacy of vista -heritage: the important role of viewing to mountain for setting in Japan. Makoto, Akasaka.
Xi'an, World Publishing Corporation, 2005. p. 4-10, illus. In: "Proceedings of the ICOMOS 15th General Assembly and
Scientific Symposium. Volume 1" (eng). Incl. bibl. and abstract.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: mountains; world heritage list; historic landscapes; gardens; setting; surroundings of historic
monuments; visual impact; Japan.
// Gusuku sites and related properties of the Kingdom of Ryukyu, Japan (WHC 972)
2004- Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range / Sites
sacrés et chemins de pèlerinage dans les monts Kii (Criteria ii - iii - iv - vi)
Brief description
Set in the dense forests of the Kii Mountains overlooking the Pacific Ocean, three sacred sites Yoshino and Omine, Kumano Sanzan, and Koyasan - linked by pilgrimage routes to the ancient
capital cities of Nara and Kyoto, reflect the fusion of Shinto, rooted in the ancient tradition of nature
worship in Japan, and Buddhism, which was introduced to Japan from China and the Korean
peninsula. The sites (495.3-ha) and their surrounding forest landscape reflect a persistent and
extraordinarily well-documented tradition of sacred mountains over 1,200 years. The area, with its
abundance of streams, rivers and waterfalls, is still part of the living culture of Japan and is much
visited for ritual purposes and hiking, with up to 15 million visitors annually. Each of the three sites
contains shrines, some of which were founded as early as the 9th century.
Briève description
Nichés au cœur de forêts denses, dans les monts Kii qui surplombent l‟océan Pacifique, trois sites
sacrés, Yoshino et Omine, Kumano Sanzan et Koyasan, reliés par des chemins de pèlerinage aux
anciennes capitales de Nara et Kyoto, reflètent la fusion entre le shinto, enraciné dans l‟antique
tradition japonaise du culte de la nature, et le bouddhisme venu depuis la Chine et la péninsule
coréenne s‟implanter au Japon. Les sites (495,3 ha) et la forêt qui les entoure reflètent une tradition
pérenne et extraordinairement bien documentée de sanctification des montagnes, vivante depuis
1200 ans. L‟endroit, qui abonde en torrents, rivières et chutes d‟eau, fait toujours partie de la culture
vivante du Japon et accueille jusqu‟à 15 millions de visiteurs par an, pèlerins ou randonneurs. Chacun
e
des trois sites renferme des sanctuaires, dont certains remontent au IX siècle
Nomination file
- Bibliography:
024467 - Sacred sites and pilgrinage routes in the Kii mountain Range, and the cultural landscape that surround them.
229 slides: col. (eng). Sites sacrés et chemin de pélerinage dans les monts Kii. fre. From WHC 1142 listed in 2004.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; sacred places; forests; pilgrinage; cultural routes; shrines; Japan.
// Sacred sites and pilgrinage routes in the Kii mountain Range; Japan (WHC 1142)
CALL NO: JP.KII.10.1-229 (WHC 1142).
164
027824 - The Kii Mountains: harmony between spirit and nature. Oda, Seitaro. Paris, UNESCO, 2005. p. 56-65, illus.
(World Heritage Review. 41) (same text in eng, fre, spa). Les Monts Kii: harmonie de l'esprit et de la nature. fre. Los
Montes Kii: armonía del espíritu y la naturaleza. spa.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: sacred places; shrines; pilgrimage; forests; buddhist architecture; place of pilgrimage; world
heritage list; Japan.
// Sacred sites and pilgrimage routes in the Kii Mountain Range, Japan (WHC 1142)
2005 - Shiretoko (Criteria ix - x)
Brief description
Shiretoko Peninsula is located in the northeast of Hokkaido, the northernmost island of Japan. The site
includes the land from the central part of the Peninsula to its tip (Shiretoko Cape) and the surrounding
marine area. It provides an outstanding example of the interaction of marine and terrestrial
ecosystems as well as extraordinary ecosystem productivity largely influenced by the formation of
seasonal sea ice at the lowest latitude in the northern hemisphere. It has particular importance for a
number of marine and terrestrial species, some of them endangered and endemic, such as the
Blackiston‟s Fish owl and the Viola kitamiana plant. The site is globally important for threatened sea
birds and migratory birds, a number of salmonid species, and for a number of marine mammals,
including the Steller‟s sea lion, and some cetacean species.
Briève description
La péninsule de Shiretoko est située au nord-est de Hokkaido, l‟île la plus au nord du Japon. Le site
comporte une zone terrestre qui s‟étend de la partie centrale de la péninsule jusqu‟à son extrémité
(Cap Shiretoko) ainsi que la zone marine environnante. Il donne un exemple remarquable de
l‟interaction des écosystèmes marins et terrestres ainsi que de la productivité extraordinaire d‟un
écosystème, largement influencée par la formation de glaces marines saisonnières, à la plus basse
des latitudes de l‟hémisphère nord. Il a une importance particulière pour plusieurs espèces marines et
terrestres, parmi lesquelles des espèces en danger et endémiques, comme le kétoupa de Blakiston et
la plante Viola kitamiana. Le site est également d‟importance mondiale pour des oiseaux migrateurs et
des oiseaux de mer menacés, de nombreuses espèces de salmonidés et de mammifères marins,
notamment le lion de mer de Steller, et des espèces de cétacés.
2007 – Iwami Ginzan Silver Mine and its Cultural Landscape (Criteria ii - iii - v)
Brief Description
The Iwami Ginzan Silver Mine in the south-west of Honshu Island is a cluster of mountains, rising to
600 m and interspersed by deep river valleys featuring the archaeological remains of large-scale
mines, smelting and refining sites and mining settlements worked between the 16th and 20th
centuries. The site also features routes used to transport silver ore to the coast, and port towns from
where it was shipped to Korea and China. The mines contributed substantially to the overall economic
development of Japan and south-east Asia in the 16th and 17th centuries, prompting the mass
production of silver and gold in Japan. The mining area is now heavily wooded. Included in the site are
165
fortresses, shrines, parts of Kaidô transport routes to the coast, and three port towns, Tomogaura,
Okidomari and Yunotsu, from where the ore was shipped.
Iwami Ginzan Silver Mine pioneered the development of silver mines in pre-Modern Asia. It had
contributed to exchange of values between East and West by achieving the large-scale production of
high quality silver through the development of the Asian cupellation techniques transferred from China
through Korea and the Japanese unique assemblage of numerous labor-intensive small businesses
based upon manual techniques in the 16th century. The exceptional ensemble, consisting of mining
archaeological sites, settlements, fortresses, transportation routes, and shipping ports represents
distinctive land use related to silver mining activities. As the resource of silver ore was exhausted, its
production came to an end, leaving behind, in the characteristically rich nature, a cultural landscape
that had been developed in relation to the silver mine.
Criterion (ii): During the Age of Discovery, in the 16th and early 17th centuries, the large production
of silver by the Iwami Ginzan Silver Mine resulted in significant commercial and cultural exchanges
between Japan and the trading countries of East Asia and Europe.
Criterion (iii): Technological developments in metal mining and production in Japan resulted in the
evolution of a successful system based on small-scale, labor-intensive units covering the entire range
of skills from digging to refining. The political and economic isolation of Japan during the Edo Period
(1603 to 1868) impeded the introduction of technologies developed in Europe during the Industrial
Revolution and this, coupled with the exhaustion of commercially viable silver-ore deposits, resulted in
the cessation of mining activities by traditional technologies in the area in the second half of the 19th
century, leaving the site with well-preserved archaeological traces of those activities.
Criterion (v): The abundant traces of silver production, such as mines, smelting and refining sites,
transportation routes, and port facilities, that have survived virtually intact in the Iwami Ginzan Silver
Mine Site, are now concealed to a large extent by the mountain forests that have reclaimed the
landscape. The resulting relict landscape, which includes the surviving settlements of the people
related to the silver production, bears dramatic witness to historic land-uses of outstanding universal
value.
The elements of the property showing the original mining land-use system remain intact; the organic
relationships among the individual elements exhibit the full expression of the mechanism of the original
land-use system. They are a living part of the contemporary lives and livelihoods of the local society in
unity with the abundant mountain forests and hence the integrity as a cultural landscape is maintained.
The elements of the property that show the whole process ranging from silver production to shipment,
in a good state of preservation and retain a high level of authenticity. In the mining settlements, there
remains a group of traditional wooden buildings of 17th-20th century with careful maintenance,
treatment, and repairs, retaining authenticity in terms of design, materials, techniques, functions,
setting and environment.
The property and its buffer zone are adequately protected under the domestic laws and a municipal
ordinance. A comprehensive management system for the whole property has been implemented
under the strategic preservation and management plan. Monitoring measures are carried out annually.
Brève description
Le site est un ensemble de montagnes riches en minerai d‟argent qui s‟élève à 600 m d‟altitude dans
le sud-ouest de l‟île de Honshu et qui est entrecoupé de profondes vallées fluviales. On y trouve les
vestiges archéologiques de vastes mines, de sites de fonte et de raffinage, ainsi que des peuplements
miniers en usage du XVIe au XXe siècle. Des routes permettaient d‟acheminer le minerai d‟argent
jusqu‟à la côte et aux ports d‟où il partait pour la Corée et la Chine. Les mines contribuèrent de façon
substantielle au développement économique global du Japon et de l‟Asie du Sud-Est aux XVIe et
XVIIe siècles. Elles donnèrent une impulsion à la production en masse d‟argent et d‟or au Japon. La
région minière est aujourd‟hui très boisée. On y trouve des forteresses, des sanctuaires, des tronçons
des routes de transport de Kaidô vers la côte, ainsi que trois villes portuaires Tomogaura, Okidomari
et Yunotsu d‟où partait le minerai. Le site s‟étend sur 442 ha et la zone tampon sur 3 221 ha.
166
La mine d'argent d'Iwami Ginzan a été la première à exploiter ce minerai dans l'Asie pré-moderne.
Elle a contribué à l'échange des valeurs entre l'Orient et l'Occident en réalisant la production à grande
échelle d'argent de haute qualité grâce à des techniques avancées de coupellation venues de Chine
en passant par la Corée ; elle a utilisé l'association japonaise unique de nombreuses petites
entreprises à forte intensité de travail fondées sur des techniques manuelles du XVIe siècle.
L'ensemble exceptionnel, composé de vestiges archéologiques de l'extraction minière, de sites de
peuplement, de forteresses, de routes de transport et de ports marchands représente une utilisation
des terres caractéristique des activités d'extraction de l'argent. Une fois le gisement d'argent épuisé, la
production a pris fin, laissant place dans ce cadre naturel d'une grande richesse, à un paysage
culturel qui a évolué parallèlement à la mine d'argent.
Critère (ii): A l'époque des Grandes Découvertes, au XVIe siècle et au début du XVIIe siècle,
l'importante production d'argent de la mine d'Iwami Ginzan suscita d'importants échanges
commerciaux et culturels entre le Japon et les pays marchands d'Extrême-Orient et d'Europe.
Critère (iii): Les développements technologiques de l'extraction minière et de la production de métal
au Japon ont donné naissance à un système prospère fondé sur de petites unités à forte maind'œuvre couvrant tout l'éventail des compétences, du creusement au raffinage. L'isolement politique
et économique du Japon pendant la période Edo (de 1603 à 1868) empêcha l'introduction de
technologies mises au point en Europe pendant la Révolution industrielle. Ceci fut concomitant à
l'épuisement des gisements de minerai d'argent commercialement viables, et entraîna la cessation
des activités minières par les technologies traditionnelles dans la zone à la seconde moitié du XIXe
siècle, laissant sur le site des traces archéologiques bien préservées de ces activités.
Critère (v): Les traces abondantes de production d'argent qui subsistent quasiment intactes sur la
mine d'argent d'Iwami Ginzan, telles que les mines, les sites de fonte et de raffinage, les routes de
transport et les infrastructures portuaires, sont désormais dans une grande mesure cachées par les
forêts de montagne qui ont envahi le passage. Le paysage relique qui en résulte, avec ses vestiges
de peuplement associés à la production de l'argent, est un exemple éminent d'occupation
traditionnelle du territoire d'une valeur universelle exceptionnelle.
Les éléments constitutifs du bien témoignant du système initial d'occupation du territoire sont restés
intacts; les relations organiques entre les différents éléments illustrent de manière détaillée le
mécanisme du système initial d'occupation du territoire. Ils continuent à animer la vie contemporaine
et le mode de vie de la société locale en union avec les forêts de montagne abondantes. L'intégrité de
ce paysage culturel est donc maintenue. Les éléments constitutifs du bien qui illustrent le processus de la production à l'acheminement de l'argent en bon état de conservation - conservent un haut degré
d'authenticité. Dans les villages miniers, il reste un groupe de bâtiments traditionnels en bois des
XVIIe et XXe siècle bien entretenus, conservés et réparés, qui garde son authenticité en termes de
conception, matériaux, techniques, fonctions, cadre et environnement.
Le bien et sa zone tampon sont bien protégés par la législation nationale et un arrêté municipal. Un
dispositif de gestion de l'ensemble du bien a été mis en œuvre dans le cadre du plan de gestion et de
conservation stratégique. Des mesures de suivi sont mises en place annuellement.
Nomination file
- Bibliography:
031594 - Iwami Ginzan Silver Mine and its cultural landscape. UNESCO. 163 slides: col. (eng). From WHC 1246
listed in 2007.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; cultural landscapes; mines; mining towns; Japan.
// Iwami Ginzan, Japan
CALL NO: JP.IWA.11:1-163 (WHC 1246).
032594 - Historic Port Towns that are part of a cultural route: Historic Port Towns for Silver Shipping. Sugio, Kunie.
Ferrol, Concello de Ferrol, 2005. p. 621-625, illus.,maps. (Monuments and Sites. X) In: "Encuentro Científico
Internacional sobre Itinerarios Culturales: Identificación, promoción e inventario de los itinerarios culturales" (eng).
Incl.bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: inventories; historic towns; cultural routes; ports; castles; legal protection; world heritage list;
cultural landscapes; Japan.
167
// Iwami Ginzan, Silver Mine, Japan (WHC 1246)
2011- Hiraizumi – Temples, Gardens and Archaeologial Sites Representing the
Buddhist Pure Land / Hiraizumi – Temple, jardins et sites archéologiques
représentant la Terre Pure bouddhiste (Criteria ii - vi)
Brief description
Hiraizumi - Temples, Gardens and Archaeological Sites Representing the Buddhist Pure
Land comprises five sites, including the sacred Mount Kinkeisan. It features vestiges of government
offices dating from the 11th and 12th centuries when Hiraizumi was the administrative centre of the
northern realm of Japan and rivalled Kyoto. The realm was based on the cosmology of Pure Land
Buddhism, which spread to Japan in the 8th century. It represented the pure land of Buddha that
people aspire to after death, as well as peace of mind in this life. In combination with indigenous
Japanese nature worship and Shintoism, Pure Land Buddhism developed a concept of planning and
garden design that was unique to Japan.
Brève description
Hiraizumi - Temples, jardins et sites archéologiques représentant la Terre Pure bouddhiste regroupe
six sites, dont la montagne sacrée Kinkeisan. On y trouve des vestiges de bâtiments
gouvernementaux des XIe et XIIe siècle, époque où Hiraizumi était le cœur administratif du royaume
septentrional du Japon et rivalisait avec Kyoto. Le royaume reflétait la cosmologie du bouddhisme de
la Terre Pure, des préceptes qui se sont répandus au Japon au VIIIe siècle. Ils représentaient la Terre
Pure de Bouddha à laquelle aspiraient les pratiquants après la mort et la paix de l'esprit dans cette
vie-ci. En combinaison avec des croyances du culte japonais de la nature et le shintoïsme, le
bouddhisme de la Terre Pure a développé une conception architecturale et paysagère unique au
Japon.
Nomination file
- Bibliography:
temples; castles; Japan.
// Tokyo (Japan) // Nara (Japan) // Kyoto (Japan)
ACCESSION NO: K-36.
029802 - Japanese historic gardens: their history and contemporary significance. Motonaka, Makoto. Bern, BABS,
2006. p. 65-75, illus. (Forum KGS-PBC-PCP. 9) (ger). Historische gärten in Japan: Geschichte und heutige bedeutung
. ger. Giardini storici del Giappone: storia e importanza attvale. ita. Jardins historiques au Japon: leur histoire et leur
importance actuelle . fre. Incl. bibl. and abstrat in French, Italian and German.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic gardens; japanese gardens; concepts; landscape gardens; temples; conservation of
historic gardens; Japan.
168
2011- Ogasawara Islands / Iles d’Ogasawara (Criterion ix)
Brief description
The property numbers more than 30 islands clustered in three groups and covers surface area of
7,393 hectares. The islands offer a variety of landscapes and are home to a wealth of fauna, including
the Bonin Flying Fox, a critically endangered bat, and 195 endangered bird species. Four-hundred and
forty-one native plant taxa have been documented on the islands whose waters support numerous
species of fish, cetaceans and corals. Ogasawara Islands' ecosystems reflect a range of evolutionary
processes illustrated through its assemblage of plant species from both southeast and northwest Asia,
alongside many endemic species.
Brève description
Le bien compte plus de trente îles qui forment trois groupes et couvrent un total de 7 393 hectares.
Elles offrent une grande variété de paysages et hébergent une faune riche, dont la roussette des
Bonins qui est en danger critique d'extinction et 195 espèces d'oiseaux dont beaucoup sont en
danger. On a décrit 441 taxons de plantes indigènes sur ces îles et leurs eaux comptent de
nombreuses espèces de poissons et de cétacés, ainsi que des espèces coralliennes. Les
écosystèmes des Iles d'Ogasawara reflètent tout un éventail de processus évolutionnaires, combinant
des espèces de plantes d'Asie du Sud-Est et d'Asie du Nord-Ouest ainsi que de nombreuses espèces
endémiques.
Nomination file
Kazakhstan / Kazakstan
2003- Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi / Mausolée de Khoja Ahmad Yasawi
(Criteria i - iii - iv)
Brief description
The Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi, in the town of Yasi, now Turkestan, was built at the time of
Timur (Tamerlane), from 1389 to 1405. In this partly unfinished building, Persian master builders
experimented with architectural and structural solutions later used in the construction of Samarkand,
the capital of the Timurid Empire. Today, it is one of the largest and best-preserved constructions of
the Timurid period.
Briève description
Le mausolée de Khoja Ahmad Yasawi, dans la ville de Yasi, aujourd‟hui appelée Turkestan, fut
169
construit à l‟époque de Tamerlan, de 1389 à 1405. Dans ce bâtiment, dont certaines parties
demeurèrent inachevées, les maîtres constructeurs perses expérimentèrent de nouvelles solutions
architecturales et structurelles qui furent ensuite adoptées pour la construction de Samarkand,
capitale de l‟Empire timuride. C‟est aujourd‟hui l‟une des constructions les plus grandes et les mieux
conservées de l‟époque timuride.
Nomination file
- Bibliography:
021127 - Le Mausolée de Khoja Amad Yasawi. 20 slides: col. (eng). From WHC 1103 listed in 2003.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: mausolea; world heritage list; Kazakhstan.
// The Mausoleum of Khoja Amed Yasawi, Kazakhstan (WHC 1103)
CALL NO: KZ.KHO.01.1-20 (WHC 1103).
026362 - The Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi. Shirazi, Bagher A. Madrid, San Marcos, UNESCO, 2004. p.24-31,
illus., map. (Worlk Heritage Review. 37) (same text in eng, fre, spa). Mausoleo de Khoja Ahmad Yasawi. spa. Le
mausolée de Khoja Ahmad Yasawi. fre.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: mausole; world heritage list; mosques; Kazakhstan.
// Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi, Kazakhstan ( WHC 1103)
2004- Petroglyphs within the Archaeological Landscape of Tamgaly /
Pétroglyphes du paysage archéologique de Tamgaly (Criterion iii)
Brief description
Set around the comparatively lush Tamgaly Gorge, amidst the vast, arid Chu-Ili mountains, is a
remarkable concentration of some 5,000 petroglyphs (rock carvings) dating from the second half of the
second millennium BC to the beginning of the 20th century. Distributed among 48 complexes with
associated settlements and burial grounds, they are testimonies to the husbandry, social organization
and rituals of pastoral peoples. Human settlements in the site are often multi-layered and show
occupation through the ages. A huge number of ancient burials are also to be found including stone
enclosures with boxes and cists (middle and late Bronze Age), and mounds (kurgans) of stone and
earth built above tombs (early Iron Age to the present). The central canyon contains the densest
concentration of engravings and what are believed to be altars, suggestsing that these places were
used for sacrificial offerings.
Briève description
Les environs de la gorge de Tamgaly, relativement luxuriante par rapport aux vastes et arides monts
Chu-Ili, recèlent une remarquable concentration de quelque 5000 pétroglyphes (gravures sur pierre) ;
e
leur datation va de la seconde moitié du deuxième millénaire avant J.C. au début du XX siècle.
Répartis en 48 ensembles avec les sites funéraires et les peuplements associés, ils témoignent de
l‟élevage, de l‟organisation sociale et des rituels des peuplades de pasteurs. Les vestiges des
peuplements humains, souvent stratifiés en plusieurs couches, révèlent les activités à travers les
âges. On y trouve également une grande abondance de sites funéraires antiques, dont des enceintes
de pierres avec des urnes et des cistes (milieu et fin de l‟âge de bronze) et des tertres de pierre et de
terre (kugans) érigés au-dessus des tombes (des débuts de l‟âge du fer jusqu‟à l‟époque actuelle). La
gorge centrale contient la plus forte concentration de gravures et ce qui est estimé être des autels,
suggérant que ces lieux étaient utilisés pour des offrandes sacrificielles.
170
Nomination file
- Bibliography:
024387 - Pétroglyphes du paysage archéologique de Tamgaly. 25 slides: col. (eng). From WHC 1145 listed in 2004.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: rock art sites; rock engravings; petroglyphs; world heritage list; Kazakhstan. SECONDARY
KEYWORDS: slides. // Petroglyphs within the archaeological landscape of Tamgaly, Kazakhstan
CALL NO: KZ.TAM.02.1-25 (WHC 1145).
026882 - Kazakhstan: the petroglyph site of Tamgaly-Tas. Deom, Jean-Marc. München, K.G. Saur, 2005. p.157-160,
illus. In: "Heritage at risk 2004/2005: ICOMOS world report on monuments and sites in danger" (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: rock art sites; rock engravings; petroglyphs; cultural heritage at risk; world heritage list;
Kazakhstan.
// Petroglyphs within the archaeological landscape of Tamgaly, Kazakhstan (WHC 1145)
ACCESSION NO: 14878. CALL NO: Ri. 095(3). ISBN: 3-598-24243-3. URL:
http://www.international.icomos.org/risk/2004/kazakhstan2004.pdf.
2008- Saryarka - Steppe and Lakes of Northern Kazakhstan / Saryarka – Steppe
et lacs du Kazakhstan septentrional (Criteria ix - x)
Brief description
Saryarka - Steppe and Lakes of Northern Kazakhstan comprises two protected areas: Naurzum State
Nature Reserve and Korgalzhyn State Nature Reserve totalling 450,344 ha. It features wetlands of
outstanding importance for migratory water birds, including globally threatened species, among them
the extremely rare Siberian white crane, the Dalmatian pelican, Pallas‟s fish eagle, to name but a few.
These wetlands are key stopover points and crossroads on the Central Asian flyway of birds from
Africa, Europe and South Asia to their breeding places in Western and Eastern Siberia. The 200,000
ha Central Asian steppe areas included in the property provide a valuable refuge for over half the
species of the region‟s steppe flora, a number of threatened bird species and the critically endangered
Saiga antelope, formerly an abundant species much reduced by poaching. The property includes two
groups of fresh and salt water lakes situated on a watershed between rivers flowing north to the Arctic
and south into the Aral-Irtysh basin.
Brève description
Saryarka Ŕ Steppe et lacs du Kazakhstan septentrional, comprend deux zones protégées : la Réserve
naturelle d‟Etat de Naurzum et la Réserve naturelle d‟Etat de Korgalzhyn totalisant une surface de 450
344 ha. On y trouve des zones humides d‟une importance exceptionnelle pour les oiseaux d‟eaux,
notamment des espèces en danger, comme la grue de Sibérie, le pélican frisé ou l‟aigle de Pallas
pour n‟en citer que quelques-uns. Ces zones humides représentent un carrefour et des sites de repos
essentiels sur les voies de migration d‟oiseaux d‟Asie centrale, des oiseaux d‟eau venus d‟Afrique,
d‟Europe ou d‟Asie du sud vers leur site de reproduction en Sibérie occidentale et orientale. Les 200
000 ha de steppe d‟Asie Centrale compris dans le site offrent un refuge à plus de la moitié de la flore
de steppe de la région, à un bon nombre d‟oiseaux menacés et à l‟antilope saïga. En danger critique
d‟extinction, cette dernière espèce était autrefois abondante mais sa population a été dramatiquement
réduite par le braconnage. Le site comprend aussi deux groupes de lacs d‟eau douce et d‟eau salée
situés dans un bassin versant compris entre des rivières s‟écoulant vers le nord et l‟Arctique et vers le
sud et le bassin Aral-Irtysh.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
171
Korea / Corée
2009 - Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty / Tombes royales de la dynastie
Joseon (Criteria iii - iv - vi)
Brief description
The Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty form a collection of 40 tombs scattered over 18 locations.
Built over five centuries, from 1408 to 1966, the tombs honoured the memory of ancestors, showed
respect for their achievements, asserted royal authority, protected ancestral spirits from evil and
provided protection from vandalism. Spots of outstanding natural beauty were chosen for the tombs
which typically have their back protected by a hill as they face south toward water and, ideally, layers
of mountain ridges in the distance. Alongside the burial area, the royal tombs feature a ceremonial
area and an entrance. In addition to the burial mounds, associated buildings that are an integral part of
the tombs include a T-shaped wooden shrine, a shed for stele, a royal kitchen and a guards‟ house, a
red-spiked gate and the tomb keeper‟s house. The grounds are adorned on the outside with a range of
stone objects including figures of people and animals. The inscription of the Joseon Tombs completes
the two earlier series of Korean Peninsula royal tombs already inscribed on UNESCO‟s World
Heritage List: the Gyeongju Historic Areas, Republic of Korea, and Complex of Koguryo Tombs,
Democratic People‟s Republic of Korea.
Briève description
Les Tombes royales de la dynastie Joseon est un ensemble de 40 tombes, réparti sur 18 sites
différents. Les tombes royales ont été construites sur plus de cinq siècles, de 1408 à 1966. Elles
visaient à honorer la mémoire des ancêtres, saluer leurs réussites, asseoir l‟autorité royale, protéger
les esprits ancestraux du mal et offrir une protection contre le vandalisme. Des endroits
particulièrement beaux ont été choisis pour les tombes. Protégées sur l‟arrière (elles sont au milieu
d‟un versant), elles sont orientées vers le sud, face à un cours d‟eau et, idéalement, face aux chaînes
de montagnes au loin. Outre la zone funéraire, les tombes royales comportent une zone de cérémonie
et une zone d‟entrée. En plus des monticules funéraires, les édifices associés font partie intégrante
des tombes royales : le sanctuaire en bois en forme de T, l‟abri des stèles, la cuisine royale, la maison
des gardiens, la porte à pointe rouge et la maison du gardien des tombes. L‟extérieur des tombes est
orné d‟objets en pierre, notamment des représentations humaines ou animales. L‟inscription des
tombes royales de la dynastie Joseon complète deux séries de tombes royales déjà inscrites sur la
Liste du patrimoine : Les zones historiques de Gyeongju (République de Corée) et l‟Ensemble des
tombes de Koguryo (République populaire démocratique de Corée).
- Nomination file
- Bibliography: no other document available at the moment
172
2010 - Historic Villages of Korea: Hahoe and Yangdong / Villages historiques
de Corée : Hahoe et Yangdong (Criteria iii - iv)
Brief description
Founded in the 14th-15th centuries, Hahoe and Yangdong are seen as the two most representative
historic clan villages in the Republic of Korea. Their layout and location - sheltered by forested
mountains and facing out onto a river and open agricultural fields Ŕ reflect the distinctive aristocratic
Confucian culture of the early part of the Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910). The villages were located to
provide both physical and spiritual nourishment from their surrounding landscapes. They include
residences of the head families, together with substantial timber framed houses of other clan
members, also pavilions, study halls, Confucian academies for learning, and clusters of one story
mud-walled, thatched-roofed houses, formerly for commoners. The landscapes of mountains, trees
and water around the village, framed in views from pavilions and retreats, were celebrated for their
beauty by 17th and 18th century poets.
The two villages of Hahoe and Yangdong are located in the south-eastern region of the Korean
peninsula, the heartland of the Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910), that ruled the Korean Peninsula for more
than five hundred years. There is a distance of 90km between them.
Sheltered by forested mountains and facing out onto rivers and open agricultural fields, Hahoe and
Yangdong in their landscape settings are seen as the two most representative historic, clan villages in
Korea. They were founded in the 14th-15th century and subsequently expanded to their present size
and composition in the late 18th and 19th centuries. Their layout and siting, reflect the distinctive
aristocratic Confucian culture of the early part of the Joseon Dynasty.
The villages were located to provide both physical and spiritual nourishment from their surrounding
landscapes. They include the residences of the head families, together with substantial timber framed
houses of other clan members, also pavilions, study halls, Confucian academies for learning, and
clusters of one storey mud-walled, thatched-roofed houses, formerly for commoners. The landscapes
of mountains, trees and water around the villages, framed in views from pavilions and retreats, were
celebrated for their beauty by 17th and 18th century poets.
Within the two villages, the outstanding ensembles of buildings, their siting, planning and building
traditions, are exceptional reflections of the social and cultural systems of the Joseon Dynasty, of the
particularly distinctive system of clan villages that is specific to this area, and of the way these evolved
over five centuries.
Criterion (iii): Hahoe and Yangdong are two of the best preserved and representative examples of
clan villages, a type of settlement characterizing the early part of the Joseon Dynasty. In their siting,
planning and building traditions the two villages are an exceptional testimony to the Confucianism of
the Joseon dynasty, which produced settlements that followed strict Confucian ideals over a period of
some five hundred years.
Criterion (iv): The village ensembles of Hahoe and Yangdong reflect the impact of the Joseon
Dynasty that profoundly influenced the development of the Korean peninsula over some five centuries.
The villages, and particularly the ensemble of yangban and commoners‟ houses, and their overall and
individual planning, reflect the precepts of this Dynasty in terms of its social structures and cultural
traditions as well as its power and influence and its literary, and philosophical traditions.
173
Brève description
Fondés au 14e-15e siècle, Hahoe et Yangdong sont considérés comme les deux villages claniques
historiques les plus représentatifs de la République de Corée. Leur disposition et leur emplacement,
abrités par des montagnes boisées et face à une rivière et à des champs agricoles ouverts, reflètent la
culture confucéenne aristocratique propre au début de la dynastie Joseon (1392-1910). Les villages
étaient situés de façon à tirer une nourriture à la fois physique et spirituelle des paysages alentour. Ils
comprenaient les résidences des familles dirigeantes, les solides maisons à charpente en bois des
autres membres du clan, ainsi que des pavillons, des salles d'étude, des académies confucéennes et
des groupes de maisons à un étage à murs en torchis et toit de chaume, anciennement réservés aux
roturiers. Les paysages de montagnes, d'arbres et d'eau autour des villages, au panorama encadré
par des pavillons et des retraites, étaient célébrés pour leur beauté par les poètes des 17e et 18e
siècle.
Les deux villages de Hahoe et de Yangdong sont situés dans la région sud-est du pays, cœur de la
dynastie Joseon (1392-1910), qui régna plus de 500 ans sur la péninsule coréenne. Ils sont distants
de 90 km.
Abrités par des montagnes boisées et face à une rivière et à des champs agricoles ouverts, Hahoe et
Yangdong dans leur environnement naturel, sont considérés comme les deux villages claniques
historiques les plus représentatifs de Corée. Ils furent fondés aux XIVe-XVe siècles et s‟étendirent
pour atteindre leur taille et composition actuelles à la fin du XVIIIe et au XIXe siècle. Leur disposition
et leur emplacement reflètent la culture confucéenne aristocratique propre au début de la dynastie
Joseon.
Les villages étaient situés de façon à tirer une nourriture à la fois physique et spirituelle des paysages
alentour. Ils comprenaient les résidences des familles dirigeantes, les solides maisons à charpente en
bois des autres membres du clan, ainsi que des pavillons, des salles d‟étude, des académies
confucéennes et des groupes de maisons à un étage à murs en torchis et toit de chaume,
anciennement réservées aux roturiers. Les paysages de montagnes, d‟arbres et d‟eau autour des
villages, au panorama encadré par des pavillons et des retraites, étaient célébrés pour leur beauté par
les poètes des XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles.
Dans les deux villages, les ensembles exceptionnels de constructions, leur environnement, leur
situation, leur plan et les traditions de construction reflètent de manière exceptionnelle les systèmes
culturels et sociaux de la dynastie Joseon, le système particulier des villages claniques qui est
spécifique à cette région, et de la manière dont ils ont évolué au cours des cinq derniers siècles.
Nomination file
- Bibliography:
Isfahan (Iran)
030841 - Yangdong Village and traditional settlements in Korea. Lee, Sanghae. Seoul, ICOMOS-Korea, 2006. p. 1-13,
illus. In: "Impact of mass tourism on historic villages : identifying key indicators of tourism impact" (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: villages; housing; timber-framed architecture; conservation; Korea.
// Yangdong village, Korea Republic
030845 - Understanding the social dilemma of Hahoe Folk village Management. Kim, Yong-Guen. Seoul, ICOMOSKorea, 2006. p. 97-114. In: "Impact of mass tourism on historic villages : identifying key indicators of tourism impact"
(eng). Incl. abstract in English and Korean.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic towns ; villages; cultural tourism; tourists; local communities; tourism management;
Korea R; social aspects; management.
// Haoe Folk Village, Korea Republic
Kyrgyztan / Kirghizistan
174
2009 - Sulaiman-Too Sacred Mountain / Montagne sacrée de Sulaiman-Too
(Criteria iii - vi)
Brief description
Sulaiman-Too Sacred Mountain Kyrgyzstan dominates the Fergana Valley and forms the backdrop to
the city of Osh, at the crossroads of important routes on the Central Asian Silk Roads. For more than
one and a half millennia, Sulaiman was a beacon for travellers revered as a sacred mountain. Its five
peaks and slopes contain numerous ancient places of worship and caves with petroglyphs as well as
two largely reconstructed 16th century mosques. One hundred and one sites with petroglyphs
representing humans and animals as well as geometrical forms have been indexed in the property so
far. The site numbers 17 places of worship, which are still in use, and many that are not. Dispersed
around the mountain peaks they are connected by footpaths. The cult sites are believed to provide
cures for barrenness, headaches, and back pain and give the blessing of longevity. Veneration for the
mountain blends pre-Islamic and Islamic beliefs. The site is believed to represent the most complete
example of a sacred mountain anywhere in Central Asia, worshipped over several millennia.
Briève description
La Montagne sacrée de Sulaiman-Too domine le paysage de la vallée du Fergana et forme l‟arrièreplan de la ville d‟Osh, au croisement d‟importantes routes de la soie d‟Asie centrale. Pendant plus d‟un
millénaire et demi, Sulaiman-Too a été un phare pour les voyageurs, une montagne sacrée révérée
par tous. Ses cinq pics et ses flancs abritent de nombreux anciens lieux de culte et des grottes ornées
de pétroglyphes, ainsi que deux mosquées plus tardives (XVIème siècle) et largement reconstruites.
Sur le site, on a recensé 101 emplacements comportant des pétroglyphes représentant humains,
animaux ou formes géométriques. On y trouve aussi de nombreux sites rituels dont 17 sont encore
utilisés. Dispersés autour des pics, ils sont reliés par des sentiers et sont associés à des croyances :
cures soignant la stérilité, les migraines, le mal de dos et accroissant la longévité. Ce lieu de
vénération mélange croyances préislamiques et islamiques. Le site est considéré comme un parfait
exemple de montagne sacrée d‟Asie centrale, adorée à travers plusieurs millénaires.
Nomination file
- Bibliography:
Lao People's Democratic Republic / République Démocratique
Populaire Lao
1995- Town of Luang Prabang / Ville de Luang Prabang (Criteria ii - iv - v)
Brief description
Luang Prabang is an outstanding example of the fusion of traditional architecture and Lao urban
175
structures with those built by the European colonial authorities in the 19th and 20th centuries. Its
unique, remarkably well-preserved townscape illustrates a key stage in the blending of these two
distinct cultural traditions.
Briève description
Cette ville reflète la fusion exceptionnelle de l'architecture traditionnelle et des structures urbaines
e
e
conçues par les autorités coloniales européennes aux XIX et XX siècles. Son paysage urbain
unique, remarquablement bien conservé, illustre une étape majeure du mélange de ces deux
traditions culturelles différentes.
Nomination file
- Bibliography:
016029 - République Démocratique Populaire Lao. Ville de Luang Prabang. Slides. 20 slides: col. (fre). Listed as
WHC 479 rev. in 1995.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; historic towns; historic monuments; religious architecture; Lao PDR.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: temples; statues; slides.
// Luang Prabang (Lao People's Democratic Republic)
ACCESSION NO: LA.LUA.01:1-20 (WHC 479 rev.).
016414 - Tourisme et culture: un mariage d'intérêts. Robinson, Mike; Malkin, Roy; Shackley, Myra; Marchant, Garry;
Blangy, Sylvie; Gonzales de Remoué, Leticia; Patin, Valéry; Jacot, Martine; Ayad, Christophe; Paolo Russo, Antonio;
Engelmann, Francis; Berriane, Mohamed; Guttman, Cynthia; Iglesias Kuntz, Lucía; Otchet, Amy; Wheeler, Tony.
Paris, UNESCO, 1999. p. 21-56, illus. (Le Courrier de l'UNESCO. 9908) (same text in fre, spa). Turismo y cultura,
compañeros de ruta. spa
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: cultural tourism; tourists; destruction of cultural heritage; world heritage in danger; tourist
guidebooks; public awareness.
// Ksar d'Aït-Ben-Haddou, Morocco (WHC 444) // Town of Luang Prabang, Rep. Dem. Lao (WHC 479) // Venice and
its Lagoon, Italy (WHC 394) // Petra, Jordan (WHC 326) // Pompei, Italy (WHC 829) // Santiago de Compostela(Old
town), Spain (WHC 347) ACCESSION NO: 13721. CALL NO: To. 263.
017217 - Luang Prabang (Laos). Phosikham, Chansy. Nara, Nara City, 2000. p. 59-60. (eng). In : "1999 Nara Seminar
Report : development and integrity of historic cities".
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; historic towns; conservation policy; Lao PDR.
// Luang Prabang,Lao (WHC 479 rev)
018619 - Luang Prabang: a successful conservation story. Gibson, Michael. Madrid, UNESCO, 2000. p. 4-17, illus.,
maps. (World Heritage Review. 16, 2000) (same text in eng, fre, spa). Luang Prabang: un sauvetage réussi. fre.
Luang Prabang. spa.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic towns; world heritage list; Lao PDR.
// Town of Luang Prabang, Lao People's Democratic Republic (WHC 479)
024352 - Conservation of Tam Ting, Lao People's Democratic Republic. Egloff, Brian J. Sofia, BNC/ICOMOS, 1996.
p. 473-476, illus. (eng). In: "11th ICOMOS General Assembly and International symposium: "The heritage and social
changes - symposium papers", incl. bibl. and abstract in english and french.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: caves; buddhas; shrines; conservation; Lao PDR.
// Burra charter // The Tam Ting caves, Luang Prabang, Lao PDR
024557 - Le réseau des villes de France et l'intercommunalité, relais essentiels pour une politique du patrimoine
mondial. Dauge, Yves. Paris, Sénat, [2003]. p. 47-49. In: "Les Colloques du Sénat: Politiques du patrimoine, du
mondial au local" (fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; management; cooperation; decentralization; France; Lao PDR.
// Le patrimoine mondial, enjeu de la décentralisation, 16 octobre 2001 // Luang Prabang, Lao PDR (WHC 479) // Val
de Loire, France (WHC 933)
ACCESSION NO: 14805. ISBN: 2-11-111957-1. ISSN: 1295-6694.
025738 - Protection de la morphologie urbaine des villes asiatiques. Yang, Minja. Paris, UNESCO WHC, 2004. p.3033, illus. (Cahiers du Patrimoine Mondial. 9) In: "Partenariats pour les villes du patrimoine mondial" (fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic towns; conservation of historic towns; decentralization; international cooperation;
legislation; world heritage list; Viet Nam SR; Lao PDR; Asia.
// Hué, Vietnam (WHC 678) // Luang Prabang, Lao PDR (WHC 479)
026556 - Vientiane, Laos: Lane Xang's capital in the age of modernization and globalization. Hansen, Roz; Logan,
William S.; Long, Colin. New York, Oxford University Press, 2002. p.51-69, illus. In: "The disappearing 'Asian' City:
protecting Asia's urban heritage in a globalizing world" (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: town planning; urban development; historic towns; conservation of cultural heritage; world
heritage list; Lao PDR.
176
// Town of Luan Prabang, Lao PDR (WHC 479) // Vientiane, Lao PDR
ACCESSION NO: 14839. CALL NO: UR. 206. ISBN: 0-19-592105-4.
026999 - Periodic Report: Town of Luang Prabang. Ministry of Information and Culture, Department of Museums and
Archaeology. [Paris], [UNESCO], [2003]. 28p. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage convention; world heritage list; periodic reports; historic towns; conservation;
management; Lao PDR.
// Town of Luang Prabang, Lao People's Democratic Republic (WHC 479)
028112 - Dix ans de cooperation decentralisée Chinon-Luang Prabang pour la patrimoine et le développement sous
l'égide de l'UNESCO. Agence de développment et d'urbanisme du Chinonais. Paris, UNESCO, 2005. 157p., illus.
(fre). Incl.annexes.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic towns; world heritage list; international cooperation; conservation; rehabilitation;
sustainable development; public awareness; community participation.
// Chinon, France // Luang Prabang, Lao People's Democratic Republic (WHC 479)
029330 - Luang Prabang : développer les compétences locales par l'écoute et dans la durée. Yang, Minja; Dauge,
Yves; Brodovitch, Michel. Paris, ICOMOS France, 2006. p. 141-146, illus. (Les Cahiers de la Section Française de
l'ICOMOS. 22) In: "Vivre dans un grand site : le pari du développement durable" (fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic towns; world heritage list; conservation; management; cultural tourism; Lao PDR.
// Luang Prabang, Lao People's Democratic Republic (WHC 479)
ACCESSION NO: 15190. CALL NO: To. 267-2.
035399 - The comparative of cultural heritage management of Nan City and Luang Prabang: Sustainable tourism
perspective. Kovathanakul, Donruetai. Bangkok, ICOMOS Thailand, [2006]. p. 272-281. In: "Proceedings of
International Conference on 'Sustainable local heritage conservation: the trandisciplinary approach' and ICOMOS
Thailand Annual Meeting 2006" (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic towns; cultural tourism; tourism management; sustainable tourism; Thailand; Lao
PDR.
// Nan City, Thailand // Luang Prabang, Lao PDR (WHC 479)
ACCESSION NO: 15719 (3). ISBN: 978-974-417-865-7.
2001- Vat Phou and Associated Ancient Settlements within the Champasak
Cultural Landscape / Vat Phou et les anciens établissements associés du
paysage culturel de Champassak (Criteria iii - iv - vi)
Brief description
The Champasak cultural landscape, including the Vat Phou Temple complex, is a remarkably wellpreserved planned landscape more than 1,000 years old. It was shaped to express the Hindu vision of
the relationship between nature and humanity, using an axis from mountain top to river bank to lay out
a geometric pattern of temples, shrines and waterworks extending over some 10 km. Two planned
cities on the banks of the Mekong River are also part of the site, as well as Phou Kao mountain. The
whole represents a development ranging from the 5th to 15th centuries, mainly associated with the
Khmer Empire.
Briève description
Le paysage culturel de Champassak, y compris l'ensemble du temple de Vat Phou, représente une
zone de paysage planifiée remontant à plus de mille ans et remarquablement bien conservée. Afin
d'exprimer la conception hindoue des rapports entre la nature et l'homme, il a été façonné selon un
axe compris entre le sommet de la montagne et les rives du fleuve dans un entrelacs géométrique de
temples, de sanctuaires et d'ouvrages hydrauliques s'étendant sur quelque 10 km. Le site comprend
aussi deux villes anciennes, construites sur les rives du Mékong et la montagne de Phou Kao,
l'ensemble représentant un processus d'aménagement s'étendant sur plus de mille ans, du Ve au XVe
siècle, associé surtout à l'Empire khmer.
177
Nomination file
- Bibliography:
016441 - Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and cultural ressource management: a manual for heritage
managers. Box, Paul. UNESCO Principal Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific. Bangkok, UNESCO, 1999. 216 p.,
illus., maps, plans. (eng). Incl. bibl., glossary and appendix.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: protection of cultural heritage; world cultural heritage; GIS; information systems;
geographical data; data processing; computer techniques; computer applications; management plans; monitoring;
heritage managers; Cambodia; Thailand; Canada; UK; Viet Nam SR; Lao PDR; Nepal; Mexico.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: case studies.
// ICOMOS (International Council on Monuments and Sites) // UNESCO // IUCN // Angkor, Cambodia (WHC 668) //
Historic Town of Sukhothai and Associated Historic Towns, Thailand (WHC 574) // Banff National Park, Canadian
Rocky Mountain Parks, Canada (WHC 304) // Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites, UK (WHC 373) // Complex
of Hué Monuments, Viet Nam (WHC 678) // Vat Phou Champasak Heritage and Cultural Landscape protection zone,
Lao PDR (WHC 481) // Patan Durbar Square, kathmandu Valley, Nepal (WHC 121) // Santa Rosa Xtampak,
Campeche, Mexico
Malaysia / Malaisie
2000- Gunung Mulu National Park / Parc national du Gunung Mulu
Brief description
Important both for its high biodiversity and for its karst features, Gunung Mulu National Park, on the
island of Borneo in the State of Sarawak, is the most studied tropical karst area in the world. The
52,864-ha park contains seventeen vegetation zones, exhibiting some 3,500 species of vascular
plants. Its palm species are exceptionally rich, with 109 species in twenty genera noted. The park is
dominated by Gunung Mulu, a 2,377 m-high sandstone pinnacle. At least 295 km of explored caves
provide a spectacular sight and are home to millions of cave swiftlets and bats. The Sarawak
Chamber, 600 m by 415 m and 80 m high, is the largest known cave chamber in the world.
Briève description
Important aussi bien pour sa grande biodiversité que pour son caractère karstique, le Parc national du
Gunung Mulu (52 864 ha), dans l'État de Sarawak sur l'île de Bornéo, constitue la région karstique
tropicale la plus étudiée au monde. Le parc contient 17 zones de végétation comportant environ 3 500
espèces de plantes vasculaires. Il est considéré comme l'un des sites les plus riches au monde pour
les palmiers, avec 109 espèces de 20 genres décrites. Le sommet du Gunung Mulu, un pic karstique
haut de 2 377 m, domine le parc. Au moins 295 km de grottes explorées offrent un spectacle
extraordinaire avec des millions de salanganes et de chauves-souris. La salle du Sarawak, qui mesure
600 m sur 415 m et 80 m de haut, est la plus grande salle souterraine connue au monde.
Nomination file
- Bibliography:
178
026351 - Gunung Mulu. National Park. Martindale, Greg. Madrid, San Marcos, UNESCO, 2002. p.36-47, illus., map.
(World Heritage Review. 27) (same text in eng, fre). Parc National. Gunung Mulu. fre.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: national parks; natural heritage; natural environment; caves; natural sites; world heritage list;
Malaysia.
// Gunung Mulu National Park, Malaysia (WHC 289)
2003- Kinabalu Park / Parc du Kinabalu (Criteria ix - x)
Brief description
Kinabalu Park, in the State of Sabah on the northern end of the island of Borneo, is dominated by
Mount Kinabalu (4,095 m), the highest mountain between the Himalayas and New Guinea. It has a
very wide range of habitats, from rich tropical lowland and hill rainforest to tropical mountain forest,
sub-alpine forest and scrub on the higher elevations. It has been designated as a Centre of Plant
Diversity for Southeast Asia and is exceptionally rich in species with examples of flora from the
Himalayas, China, Australia, Malaysia, as well as pan-tropical flora.
Briève description
Ce parc, situé dans l'Etat de Sabah, au nord de l'île de Bornéo, est dominé par le mont Kinabalu (4
095 m), la plus haute montagne entre la chaîne de l'Himalaya et la Nouvelle-Guinée. Il présente un
large éventail d'habitats : riches forêts ombrophiles tropicales de plaine et de colline, forêt tropicale de
montagne, et, plus haut en altitude, forêts subalpines et buissons sempervirentes. Le Parc du
Kinabalu a été désigné comme le Centre de diversité des plantes pour la région de l'Asie du Sud-Est.
Il est exceptionnellement riche en espèces, présentant des éléments des flores himalayenne,
chinoise, australienne, malaise et pantropicale.
Nomination file
- Bibliography:
2008 - Melaka and George Town, historic cities of the Straits of Malacca /
Melaka et George Town, villes historiques du dètroit de Malacca (Criteria ii - iii - iv)
Brief description
Melaka and George Town, historic cities of the Straits of Malacca (Malaysia) have developed over 500
years of trading and cultural exchanges between East and West in the Straits of Malacca. The
influences of Asia and Europe have endowed the towns with a specific multicultural heritage that is
both tangible and intangible. With its government buildings, churches, squares and fortifications,
Melaka demonstrates the early stages of this history originating in the 15th-century Malay sultanate
and the Portuguese and Dutch periods beginning in the early 16th century. Featuring residential and
commercial buildings, George Town represents the British era from the end of the 18th century. The
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two towns constitute a unique architectural and cultural townscape without parallel anywhere in East
and Southeast Asia.
Briève description
Les villes historiques Melaka et George Town, en Malaisie, sont le produit de 500 ans de contacts
commerciaux et culturels entre l‟Orient et l‟Occident dans le détroit de Malacca. De multiples
influences asiatiques et européennes ont apporté aux villes une identité multiculturelle unique qui se
manifeste par un patrimoine matériel et immatériel. Avec ses édifices gouvernementaux, ses églises,
ses places et sa forteresse, Melaka présente les premières phases de son histoire commençant sous
le sultanat malais au XVème siècle et les périodes portugaise et néerlandaise qui ont débuté au
commencement du XVIème siècle. Avec ses édifices résidentiels et commerciaux, George Town
illustre la période britannique à partir de la fin du XVIIIème siècle. Les deux villes présentent une
culture architecturale unique et un paysage urbain sans pareil en Asie orientale et en Asie du Sud-Est.
Nomination file
- Bibliography:
026564 - George Town, pulan Pinang, Malaysia: development strategies and community realites. Jenkis, Gwynn;
Nasution, Khoo Salma. New York, Oxford University Press, 2002. p.208-228, illus., plan. In: "The disappearing 'Asian'
City: protecting Asia's urban heritage in a globalizing world" (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: urban development; cultural tourism; urban areas; tourism management; Malaysia.
// George town, Pulan Pinang, Malaysia
Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: cultural significance; world heritage list; management; cultural tourism; tourism
management; sustainable development; Macao.
(WHC 502)
Marshall Islands / Iles Marshall
2010 - Bikini Atoll Nuclear Test Site / Site d’essais nucléaires de l’atoll de Bikini
(Criteria iv - vi)
Brief description
In the wake of World War II, in a move closely related to the beginnings of the Cold War, the United
States of America decided to resume nuclear testing in the Pacific Ocean, on Bikini Atoll in the
Marshall archipelago. After the displacement of the local inhabitants, 67 nuclear tests were carried out
from 1946 to 1958, including the explosion of the first H-bomb (1952). Bikini Atoll has conserved direct
tangible evidence that is highly significant in conveying the power of the nuclear tests, i.e. the sunken
ships sent to the bottom of the lagoon by the tests in 1946 and the gigantic Bravo crater. Equivalent to
7,000 times the force of the Hiroshima bomb, the tests had major consequences on the geology and
natural environment of Bikini Atoll and on the health of those who were exposed to radiation. Through
its history, the atoll symbolises the dawn of the nuclear age, despite its paradoxical image of peace
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and of earthly paradise. This is the first site from the Marshall Islands to be inscribed on the World
Heritage List.
Outstanding universal value
In the wake of World War II, in a move closely related to the beginnings of the Cold War, the United
States of America decided to resume nuclear testing. They choose Bikini Atoll in the Marshall
archipelago in the Pacific Ocean. After the displacement of the local inhabitants, 23 nuclear tests were
carried out from 1946 to 1958,. The cumulative force of the tests in all of the Marshall Islands was
equivalent to 7,000 times that of the Hiroshima bomb. Following the use of nuclear bombs at
Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the Bikini tests confirmed that mankind was entering a “nuclear era”. The
many military remains bear witness to the beginnings of the Cold War, the race to develop weapons of
mass destruction and a geopolitical balance based on terror.
The violence exerted on the natural, geophysical and living elements by nuclear weapons illustrates
the relationship which can develop between man and the environment. This is reflected in the
ecosystems and the terrestrial, marine and underwater landscapes of Bikini Atoll.
The nuclear tests changed the history of Bikini Atoll and the Marshall Islands, through the
displacement of inhabitants, and the human irradiation and contamination caused by radionuclides
produced by the tests.
The Bikini Atoll tests, and tests carried out in general during the Cold War, gave rise to a series of
images and symbols of the nuclear era. They also led to the development of widespread international
movements advocating disarmament.
Criterion (iv): Bikini Atoll is an outstanding example of a nuclear test site. It has many military remains
and characteristic terrestrial and underwater landscape elements. It is tangible testimony of the birth of
the Cold War and it bears testimony to the race to develop increasingly powerful nuclear weapons. In
the wake of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombs, the Bikini Atoll site confirmed that mankind was
entering a nuclear era. It also bears witness to the consequences of the nuclear tests on the civil
populations of Bikini and the Marshall Islands, in terms of population displacement and public-health
issues.
Criterion (vi): The ideas and beliefs associated with the Bikini nuclear test site, and more generally
with the escalation of military power which characterized the Cold War, are of international
significance. These events gave rise to a large number of international movements advocating nuclear
disarmament; they gave rise to powerful symbols and to many images associated with the “nuclear
era”, which characterized the second part of the 20th century.
Brève description
Au lendemain de la Seconde guerre mondiale, en étroite relation avec les débuts de la guerre froide,
les Etats-Unis décidèrent de reprendre leurs essais nucléaires dans l'océan Pacifique sur l'atoll de
Bikini dans l'archipel des Marshall. Une fois les habitants déplacés, 67 tirs nucléaires furent réalisés
entre 1946 et 1958, dont celui de la première bombe H (1952). La flotte coulée dans le lagon par les
essais de 1946 ou le gigantesque cratère Bravo constituent des témoignages directs des tirs
nucléaires. D'une puissance totale 7000 fois supérieure à celle d'Hiroshima, ils eurent des
conséquences importantes sur la géologie de Bikini, son environnement naturel et la santé des
populations irradiées. Par son histoire, l'atoll symbolise l'entrée dans l'âge nucléaire malgré une image
paradoxale de paix et de paradis terrestre. Il s'agit du premier site des Iles Marshall à être inscrit sur la
Liste du patrimoine mondial.
Au lendemain de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, en étroite relation avec les débuts de la guerre froide,
les Etats-Unis d‟Amérique décidèrent de reprendre leurs essais nucléaires. Ils choisirent l‟atoll de
Bikini dans l‟archipel des Marshall dans l‟océan Pacifique. Après que les habitants aient été déplacés,
23 tirs nucléaires ont été réalisés entre 1946 et 1958. Ils atteignent cumulés dans l‟ensemble des îles
Marshall une puissance totale de 7 000 fois celle d‟Hiroshima.
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Suite aux bombes nucléaires utilisées à Hiroshima et à Nagasaki, les tirs de Bikini confirment l‟entrée
durable de l‟humanité dans une « ère nucléaire ». Ses nombreux vestiges militaires témoignent des
débuts de la guerre froide, de sa course effrénée aux armes de destruction massive et à un équilibre
de la terreur.
La violence exercée sur les éléments naturels, géophysiques et vivants, par l‟arme nucléaire illustre
les relations que l‟homme peut entretenir avec son environnement. Les écosystèmes et les paysages
terrestres, maritimes et subaquatiques de Bikini en témoignent. Les essais nucléaires ont changé
l‟histoire de Bikini et des îles Marshall, par les déplacements de populations ainsi que par les faits
d‟irradiations humaines et de contaminations par les radionucléides apparus à la suite des tirs.
Les tirs de Bikini, plus largement de la guerre froide, sont à l‟origine d‟une série d‟images et de
symboles de l‟ère nucléaire. Ils sont également le creuset du développement de mouvements
internationaux populaires en faveur du désarmement.
Justification pour inscription
Critère (iv) : Bikini est un exemple très remarquable de site de tests nucléaires. Il comporte de
nombreux vestiges militaires ainsi que des éléments paysagers terrestres et sous-marins
caractéristiques. Il concrétise la naissance de la guerre froide et il témoigne de la course aux
armements nucléaires de plus en plus puissants. À la suite des bombes d‟Hiroshima et de Nagasaki,
le site de Bikini confirme l‟entrée de l‟humanité dans l‟ère nucléaire. Il témoigne également des
conséquences des essais nucléaires sur les populations civiles de Bikini et des îles Marshall, en
termes de déplacements et de santé publique.
Critère (vi) : Les idées et les croyances associées au site nucléaire de Bikini, plus largement à
l‟escalade de la puissance militaire caractéristique de la Guerre froide, ont eu un retentissement
international. Ces événements sont à l‟origine des nombreux mouvements d‟opinion en faveur du
désarmement nucléaire ; ils ont généré de puissants symboles et de nombreuses images associées à
« l‟ère nucléaire », caractéristique de la seconde partie du XXe siècle.
Mongolia/ Mongolie
2003- Uvs Nuur Basin / Bassin d’Ubs Nuur (Criteria ix - x)
Brief description
The Uvs Nuur Basin (1,068,853 ha), is the northernmost of the enclosed basins of Central Asia. It
takes its name from Uvs Nuur Lake, a large, shallow and very saline lake, important for migrating
birds, waterfowl and seabirds. The site is made up of twelve protected areas representing the major
biomes of eastern Eurasia. The steppe ecosystem supports a rich diversity of birds and the desert is
home to a number of rare gerbil, jerboas and the marbled polecat. The mountains are an important
refuge for the globally endangered snow leopard, mountain sheep (argali) and the Asiatic ibex.
Briève description
Le Bassin d‟Ubs Nuur, qui couvre une surface de plus de un million d‟hectares, est le bassin fermé le
plus septentrional d‟Asie centrale. Il tire son nom de l‟Ubs Nuur, un grand lac peu profond et très salé,
qui joue un rôle important dans la vie des oiseaux migrateurs, tant aquatiques que marins. Le site,
divisé en douze aires protégées, comprend une vaste gamme d‟écosystèmes qui représentent les
principaux biomes de l‟Eurasie orientale. L‟écosystème steppique entretient une riche diversité
d‟oiseaux et le désert un certain nombre de gerbilles, gerboises et putois marbrés rares. Les
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montagnes sont d‟importants refuges pour le léopard des neiges (une espèce menacée), l‟argali et le
bouquetin d‟Asie.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
026226 - Mongolia's Tentative List Cultural and Natural Heritage. Beijing Office; UNESCO Ministry of Enlightenment
Mongolia. Mongolia, UNESCO Beijing Office and Ministry of Enlightenment Mongolia, 1996. 53p., illus, maps. (same
text in eng, mon).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world cultural heritage; world heritage list; historic monuments; natural sites; Mongolia;
// Khoit Tsenkher Cave // Tsagaan Salaa // Uvs nuur Basin // Khovsgol Lake Tsoatan // Amarbayasgalant monastery //
Great Gobe Desert // Godi Gurvandaikhan Desert Fossil site // Otgon Tenger Sacred Mountains // Bogd Khan
Mountain, Burkhan khaldun Mountain // Orkhon Valley Cultural Landscape (1081rev)
2004- Orkhon Valley Cultural Landscape / Paysage culturel de la vallée de
l’Orkhon (Criteria ii - iii - iv)
Brief description
The 121,967-ha Orkhon Valley Cultural Landscape encompasses an extensive area of pastureland on
both banks of the Orkhon River and includes numerous archaeological remains dating back to the 6th
century. The site also includes Kharkhorum, the 13th and 14th century capital of Chinggis (Genghis)
Khan‟s vast Empire. Collectively the remains in the site reflect the symbiotic links between nomadic,
pastoral societies and their administrative and religious centres, and the importance of the Orkhon
valley in the history of central Asia. The grassland is still grazed by Mongolian nomadic pastoralists.
Briève description
Le paysage culturel de la vallée de l‟Orkhon, d‟environ 121 967 ha, couvre une vaste zone de
pâturages sur les deux rives de l‟Orkhon et comprend de nombreux vestiges archéologiques
e
e
e
remontant au VI siècle. Le site englobe également Karakorum, capitale aux XIII et XIV siècles du
vaste empire de Chinggis (Genghis) Khan. Les vestiges du site reflètent les liens symbiotiques entre
les sociétés pastorales nomades et leurs centres administratifs et religieux, et l‟importance de la vallée
de l‟Orkhon dans l‟histoire de l‟Asie centrale. Les herbages sont encore utilisés aujourd‟hui par les
bergers nomades de Mongolie.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
007665 - Trésors de Mongolie. Ser-Odjav, Namsraïn. Paris, Unesco, 1986. p. 30-37, illus. (Le Courrier de l'Unesco.
39, Mars) (fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: archaeological sites; historical surveys; Mongolia.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: buddhist architecture; funerary architecture; palaces.
// Orkhon (Mongolia) ACCESSION NO: K-54. ISSN: 0304-3118.
024460 - Orkhon Valley cultural landscape. 24 slides: col. (eng). Paysage culturel de la vallé de l'Orkhon. fre. From
WHC 1081 listed in 2004.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; cultural landscapes; archaeological remains; Mongolia. SECONDARY
KEYWORDS: slides. // Orkhon valley cultural landscape (WHC 1081) CALL NO: MN.ORK.01.1-24 (WHC 1081).
026223 - Mongolia's Tentative List Cultural and Natural Heritage. Beijing Office; UNESCO Ministry of Enlightenment
Mongolia. Mongolia, UNESCO Beijing Office and Ministry of Enlightenment Mongolia, 1996. 53p., illus, maps. (same
text in eng, mon).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world cultural heritage; world heritage list; historic monuments; natural sites; Mongolia;
183
// Khoit Tsenkher Cave // Tsagaan Salaa // Uvs nuur Basin // Khovsgol Lake Tsoatan // Amarbayasgalant monastery //
Great Gobe Desert // Godi Gurvandaikhan Desert Fossil site // Otgon Tenger Sacred Mountains // Bogd Khan
Mountain, Burkhan khaldun Mountain // Orkhon Valley Cultural Landscape (1081rev)
027057 - Outstanding universal values in cultural landscapes. Denyer, Susan. Copenhagen, Nordisk Ministerrad,
2005. p. 41-47, maps. In: "Verdensarv i Norden 2004 : Oppfolging av UNESCO's konvensjon for vern av verdens
kultur og naturarv, Vega 30-31 august 2004" (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world cultural heritage; cultural landscapes; criteria; world heritage list.
// Mapungubwe, South Africa (WHC 1099) // Quebrada de Humahuaca, Argentina (WHC 1116) // Purnululu, Australia
(WHC 1094) // Orkhon Valley, Mongolia (WHC 1081rev) // Pingvellir, Iceland (WHC 1152) // Val d'Orcia, Italy (WHC
1026rev) // The land of the Batammariba, Togo (WHC 1140) // Madriu-claror-Perafita valley, Andorra (WHC 1160) //
Pico island, Azores, Portugal (WHC 1117rev) // The Lake District, UK
2011- Petroglyphic Complexes of the Mongolian Altai / Ensemble de
pétroglyphes de l’Altaï mongol (Criterion iii)
Brief description
The numerous rock carvings and funerary monuments found in these three sites illustrate the
development of culture in Mongolia over a period of 12,000 years. The earliest images reflect a time
(11,000 - 6,000 BC) when the area was partly forested and the valley provided a habitat for hunters of
large game. Later images show the transition to herding as the dominant way of life. The most recent
images show the transition to a horse-dependent nomadic lifestyle during the early 1st millennium BC,
the Scythian period and the later Turkic period (7th and 8th centuries AD). The carvings contribute
valuably to our understanding of pre-historic communities in northern Asia.
Brève description
De nombreux pétroglyphes et des monuments funéraires découverts sur ces trois sites illustrent le
développement de la culture en Mongolie sur une période de quelque 12 000 ans. Les images les plus
anciennes reflètent une époque (11 000 - 6 000 av. J.-C.) où la zone était en partie boisée et où la
vallée offrait un habitat aux chasseurs de gros gibier. Les représentations postérieures correspondent
à la transition vers le pastoralisme comme mode de vie dominant. Les représentations les plus
récentes montrent la transition vers un nomadisme équestre durant le 1er millénaire av. J.C., la
période scythe et la période turcique ultérieure (VII-VIIIe siècles après J.-C.). Ces pétroglyphes
apportent une précieuse contribution à notre compréhension de la vie des communautés
préhistoriques en Asie du nord.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
034618 - Newly recorded petroglyphic complexes in the Altay mountains, Bayan Olgiy Aimag, Mongolia. Tseveendorj,
D.; Jacobson, E.; Kubarev, V.-D. Foix, CAR-ICOMOS, 1997. p. 1-6, illus. (INORA: International Newsletter on Rock
Art. 17) (same text in eng, fre). Ensembles rupestres gravés nouvellement inventoriés dans le monts de l'Altai, Bayan
Olgiy Aimag, Mongolie. fre.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: rock art; petroglyphs; projects; rock engravings; technique; descriptions; iconographic
analysis; conservation; case studies; Mongolia.
// Altay mountains, Mongolia
034624 - The decorated cave of Hoït Tsenkher Agui (Hovd, the Mongol Altai Mongolia). Jaubert, Jacques; Giscard,
Pierre Henri. Foix, CAR-ICOMOS, 1997. p. 23-26, illus. (INORA: International Newsletter on Rock Art. 17) (same text
in eng, fre). La grotte ornée de Hoït Tsenkher Agui (Hovd, Altaï Mongol, Mongolie). fre. Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: rock art; caves; scientific cooperation; stylistic analysis; case studies; Mongolia.
184
// Hoï Tsenkher Agui, Hovd, Altaï Mongol, Mongolia
034667 - A new petroglyphic complex in the Altay Mountains, Bayan Ölgiy Aimag, Mongolia. Jacobson, Esther;
Kubarev, V.D.; Tseveendori, D. Foix, CAR-ICOMOS, 1999. p. 11-15, illus. (INORA: International Newsletter on Rock
Art. 24) (same text in eng, fre). Un nouvel ensemble de gravures rupestres dans les monts de l'Altaï dans l'Aimag de
Bayan Ölgiy, Mongolie. fre.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: rock art sites; rock art; mountains; petroglyphs; projects; descriptions; iconographic analysis;
chronology; interpretation; case studies; Mongolia.
// Altay mountains, Bayan Ölgiy Aimag, Mongolia
019226 - Graphic symbols in Mongolian Rock Art. Birchall, Jim. Foix, CAR-ICOMOS, 2002. p. 6-7, illus. (International
Newsletter on Rock Art (INORA). 32) (same text in eng, fre). Symboles graphiques dans l'art rupestre de Mongolie.
fre. Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: rock art; rock paintings; rock engravings; petroglyphs; Mongolia.
034497 - The composition with a chariot in the bronze age petroglyphs in Mongolia. Novozhenov, Victor A. Foix, CARICOMOS, 1993. p. 7-10, illus. (INORA: International Newsletter on Rock Art. 6) (same text in eng, fre). Composition
avec char du bronze ancien dans l'art rupestre de Mongolie. fre. Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: rock engravings; rock art; rock paintings; iconographic analysis; dating; case studies;
Mongolia.
Nepal / Népal
1979- Sagarmatha National Park / Parc national de Sagarmatha (Criterion vii)
Brief description
Sagarmatha is an exceptional area with dramatic mountains, glaciers and deep valleys, dominated by
Mount Everest, the highest peak in the world (8,848 m). Several rare species, such as the snow
leopard and the lesser panda, are found in the park. The presence of the Sherpas, with their unique
culture, adds further interest to this site.
Briève description
Dans un paysage de montagnes grandioses où culmine le plus haut sommet du monde, l'Everest (8
848 m), de glaciers et de vallées profondes, le parc abrite des espèces rares, comme le léopard des
neiges et le petit panda. La présence des Sherpas, qui y ont développé une culture originale, ajoute à
l'intérêt du site.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
012075 - Parc national de Sagarmatha, Népal. Gassend, J. M.; Albert-Hesse, Jane (Text). Unesco. Paris, Unesco,
[s.d.]. 1 slide : col. + 1 p. (World Heritage Sites. 22) (frealso in eng, spa). Listed as WHC 120 in 1979. Accompanying
material: legend from booklet bearing series title.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; national parks; natural heritage; stupas; oratories; Nepal. SECONDARY
KEYWORDS: slides; general views.
// Ama Dablam (Nepal) // Sagarmatha National Park (Nepal)
CALL NO: NP.SAG.02:01.
014828 - Aménagement d'un site du patrimoine mondial dans l'Himalaya. Coburn, B.A. Paris, UNESCO, 1983. 6 p.,
illus. (UNESCO Nature and Resources. XIX, 3) (fre). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; natural heritage; national parks; tourism; Nepal.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: deterioration; management; environment; world heritage convention.
185
// Sagarmatha National Park, (Nepal) (N 120)
016678 - The cultural landscape of Sagarmatha National Park in Nepal. Caspary, Hans. Jena; Stuttgart; New York, G.
Fischer, 1995. p. 154-160. (Cultural Landscapes of Universal Value: components of a global strategy) (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: cultural landscapes; world heritage list; national parks; Nepal.
// Sagarmatha National Park, Nepal (WHC 120)
017666 - Shey Phoksumdo's unique cultural values and their linkage to biodiversity conservation. Hay-Edie, Terence.
1998. 70 p., illus, plans. (eng). Incl. annexes and bibl. PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage convention; natural
heritage; cultural heritage; world heritage list; cultural landscapes; case studies; world heritage in danger; vernacular
architecture; sacred places; intangible heritage; biodiversity; Nepal.
// World Conservation Union (IUCN) // Shey Phoksumdo National Park, Nepal // Sagarmatha National Park, Nepal
(WHC 120)
CALL NO: 13960.
018520 - Un Trekking au Sagarmatha. Amaro, Camilo. Madrid, Unesco, 1997. p.4-15, illus., maps. (World Heritage
Review. 5, 1997) (same text in fre, spa). Un Trekking al Sagarmantha. spa.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: national parks; world heritage list; Nepal.
// Sagarmantha National Park, Nepal (WHC 120)
1979- Kathmandu Valley / Vallée de Kathmandu (Criteria iii - iv - vi)
Brief description
At the crossroads of the great civilizations of Asia, seven groups of Hindu and Buddhist monuments,
as well as the three residential and palace areas of the royal cities of Kathmandu, Patan and
Bhaktapur, illustrate Nepalese art at its height. Among the 130 monuments are pilgrimage centres,
temples, shrines, bathing sites and gardens Ŕ all sites of veneration for both religious groups.
Briève description
Au carrefour des grandes civilisations de l'Asie, sept groupes de monuments hindous et bouddhiques,
ainsi que les trois zones résidentielles des villes royales de Kathmandu, de Patan et de Bhaktapur,
montrent l'art népalais à son apogée. Parmi les 130 monuments, on trouve des lieux de pèlerinage,
des temples, des sanctuaires, des bains et des jardins qui sont autant de sites vénérés par les deux
groupes religieux.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
001742 - Nomination form. Kathmandu Valley: Kathmandu Darbar Square; Patan Darbar Square; Bhadgaon
(Bhaktapur) Darbar Square; Swayambhu; Bauddhanath; Pashupati; Changu Narayan. Ministry of Education,
Department of Archeology (Nepal). Kathmandu, Ministry of Education, 1979. 34 p. (Kathmandu Valley (Nepal))
(engalso in fre). Vallée de Kathmandou. Place du Durbar à Kathmandou, Place du Durbar à Patan, Place du Durbar à
Bhadgaon, Swayambhu, Bodhnath, Pashupati, Changu Narayan. fre. Date Received: 25-05-79/ Ramesh Jung Thapa/
Incl. bibl.
186
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; historic town centres; buddhist architecture; hindu architecture; Nepal;
nomination forms. SECONDARY KEYWORDS: historical surveys; conservation policy; inventories; earthquake
damage; temples; squares; stupas.
// Kathmandu (Nepal) // Patan (Nepal) // Bhadgaon (Nepal) // Swayambhu (Nepal) // Bauddhanath (Nepal) //
Pashupati (Nepal) // Changu Narayan (Nepal)
001743 - Map. Kathmandu Valley. sl, nd. 1 map. (Kathmandu Valley (Nepal)) (eng). PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world
heritage list; historic town centres; buddhist architecture; hindu architecture; Nepal; maps. // Kathmandu Valley
(Nepal)
001744 - Plan. Monuments and Monument sites. sl, nd. 3 plans, scale 1:5,000/1:10,000. (Kathmandu Valley (Nepal))
(eng). Legends: Kathmandu city, Patan, Bhadgaon; location of the squares.
plans. SECONDARY KEYWORDS: squares; temples; palaces.
// Patan (Nepal) // Kathmandu (Nepal) // Bhadgaon (Nepal)
ACCESSION NO: WHC 121. CALL NO: Plans: 11-12-13.
001750 - Photo. Kathmandu Darbar Square. sl, nd. 5 photos: b
w, 20x24 cm. (Kathmandu Valley (Nepal)) (eng). Legends: general view of Sagannath Temple; Taleyu Temple;
Pancha Mukhi Manuman Temple; Hanuman Dhoka Palace, Basantapur Tower; general view with Hanuman Dhoka
Palace from street. Annex 11; 3 ex.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; historic town centres; hindu architecture; buddhist architecture; Nepal;
photographs. SECONDARY KEYWORDS: squares; temples; palaces.
// Sagannath Temple, Kathmandu (Nepal) // Taleyu Temple, Kathmandu (Nepal) // Pancha Mukhi Manuman Temple,
Kathmandu (Nepal) // Hanuman Dhoka Palace, Kathmandu (Nepal)
ACCESSION NO: WHC 121. CALL NO: Photos: 11a,b,c,d,e.
001752 - Plan. Kathmandu Metropolitan area. London, Binnie
Partners, nd. 6 plans, scale 1:2,000. (Kathmandu Valley (Nepal)) (eng). Boundary maps; 2 ex. Legends: Kathmandu
Darbar Square, Annex 4; Patan Darbar Square, Annex 5; Bhadgaon (Bhaktapur) Darbar Square, Annex 6;
Swayambhu, Annex 7; Pashupati, Annex 9.
plans.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: squares; temples; stupas; palaces.
// Kathmandu (Nepal) // Patan (Nepal) // Bhadgaon (Nepal) // Swayambhu (Nepal) // Pashupati (Nepal)
ACCESSION NO: WHC 121. CALL NO: Plans: 1 to 6.
001755 - La Vallée de Katmandou. De la rizière au parvis des temples. La parfaite harmonie d'un mode de vie
séculaire. Pruscha, Carl. Paris, Unesco, 1974. p. 30-37, illus. (Le Courrier de l'Unesco. 12) (fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: natural sites; historic monuments; Nepal.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: conservation measures; terraces; temples; stupas; wood carvings; houses; world
heritage list. // Kathmandu Valley (Nepal)
ACCESSION NO: K-54.
001756 - L' Ancien palais royal de Kathmandou va retrouver son prestige. Première étape de la campagne de
l'Unesco pour la sauvegarde des monuments du Népal. Mukunda, Raj. Paris, Unesco, 1974. p. 8-13, illus. (Le
Courrier de l'Unesco. 12) (fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: palaces; natural sites; historic town centres; Nepal.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: conservation measures; international campaigns; earthquakes; world heritage list. //
Kathmandu Valley (Nepal) // Hanuman Dhoka, Royal Palace, Kathmandu (Nepal)
ACCESSION NO: K-54.
001757 - Use of collective space in Patan and other historic towns of the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. Sekler, Eduard F.
Louvain, ICOMOS, 1979. p. 97-108, illus., plans, maps. (Monumentum. 18-19) (eng). Utilisation des espaces collectifs
à Patan et dans d'autres villes historiques de la Vallée de Kathmandou, au Népal. fre. La Utilización de los espacios
colectivos en Patan y en otras ciudades históricas del valle de Kathmandu. spa. Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: conservation of historic towns; conservation areas; environmental deterioration; squares;
temples; town planning; housing standards; Nepal.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; financial assistance; tourist facilities; legislation; customs and
traditions. // Kathmandu Valley (Nepal) // Patan (Nepal) // Bhaktapur (Nepal)
001758 - Building conservation in Nepal. A handbook of principles and techniques. Sanday, John. Paris, Unesco,
1978. 191 p, illus. (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: conservation of historic monuments; conservation techniques; conservation policy; stone;
wood carvings; building techniques; structural surveys; crafts; craftsmen; traditional techniques; Nepal.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: cultural tourism; historical surveys; architectural surveys; case studies; conservation
plans; guidelines. // Kathmandu Valley (Nepal)
001759 - Master Plan for the Conservation of the Cultural Heritage in the Kathmandu Valley. Sekler, Eduard F. Paris,
Unesco, 1977. 164 p, illus. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: protection of cultural heritage; world heritage list; Nepal; recommendations; legislation;
historic monuments and sites; conservation plans; expert reports. SECONDARY KEYWORDS: master plans.
187
// Guthi Sansthan // Kathmandu Valley, Nepal (WHC 121)
ACCESSION NO: WHC 121 (1). DOC CODE: FMR/CC/CH/77/216 (UNDP); NEP/74/003.
001760 - The Hanuman Dhoka Royal Palace Kathmandu building conservation and local traditional crafts. Sanday,
John. London, AARP, 1974. 19 p, illus. (AARP. 6, Dec.) (eng). Off print.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: palaces; traditional techniques; conservation of historic monuments; Nepal. SECONDARY
KEYWORDS: craftsmen; brickwork; restoration works; towers.
// Hanuman Dhoka Royal Palace, Kathmandu (Nepal)
ACCESSION NO: 1027.
001761 - The Conservation of the Hanuman Dhoka Royal Palace, Kathmandu. Sanday, John. Paris, Unesco, 1973.
11 p, illus. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; palaces Nepal; conservation measures; costs; financial assistance.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: expert reports.
// Kathmandu Valley (Nepal) // Hanuman Dhoka Royal Palace, Kathmandu (Nepal)
ACCESSION NO: 1012. DOC CODE: 2847/RMO.RD/CLP/Rev.
003037 - Vallée de Kathmandou et la ville de Kathmandou, Népal. Savatier, F. ICOMOS. [s.l.], [s.n.], [s.d.]. 7 slides :
col. (fre). Legends on mounts. Listed as WHC 121 in 1979. Origin: F. Savatier (ICOMOS Mission?).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; historic town centres; buddhist architecture; hindu architecture; squares;
stupas; temples; natural heritage; Nepal.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: slides; general views. // Valley of Kathmandu (Nepal) // Taleyu Temple, Durbar Square,
Katmandu (Nepal) // Royal Palace, Katmandu (Nepal) // Krishna Temple, Durbar Square, Patan (Nepal) //
Swayambunath Stupa, Katmandu (Nepal) // Pashlipatinath, Katmandu (Nepal)
CALL NO: NP.KAT.04:1-7.
003121 - [3 textes législatifs sur la protection du bien]. sl, 1978. 22 p. (Kathmandu Valley (Nepal)) (nep). Annexes 2021-22: Town Planning Implementation Act of March 1973; Guthi Samsthan Act of October 1976; Nepal Gazette
Notification of H.M.G. Department of Archeology, August 1978, for the protection of Swayambhu.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; protection of historic monuments; town planning legislation; Nepal. //
Kathmandu Valley (Nepal) // Swayambhu, Kathmandu Valley (Nepal)
003123 - Appeal for the safeguarding of the Kathmandu Valley. M'Bow, Amadou-Mahtar. Paris, Unesco, 1979. 3 p.
(Kathmandu Valley (Nepal)) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; buddhist architecture; hindu architecture; international campaigns; Nepal.
// Kathmandu Valley (Nepal)
003337 - Legno nel restauro e restauro del legno. Firenze, 1983. Strutture architettoniche lignee e problemi di
conservazione : esperienze in Medio Oriente. Galdieri, Eugenio. Milano, Collegio Ingegneri della Toscana, 1983. p.
11-20, illus. (Legno nel restauro e restauro del legno. 1) (ita). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: wood; structural elements; palaces; temples; building techniques; restoration works; India;
Iran; Nepal. // Kathmandu (Nepal) // Aliqapu, Isfahan (Iran)
ACCESSION NO: 8057. CALL NO: Bo. 196.
004121 - La Vallée de Kathmandu ; monuments historiques népalais à restaurer. Sanday, John. Paris, Unesco, 1984.
125 p, illus. (frealso in eng). Kathmandu Valley; Nepalese Historic Monuments in Need of Preservation. eng. Incl.
glossary.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: protection of cultural heritage; conservation of historic monuments; Nepal. SECONDARY
KEYWORDS: international campaigns; listing of historic monuments; restoration projects; financial aspects; costing;
glossaries; world heritage list; local inventories. // Kathmandu Valley (Nepal)
006875 - Kathmandu valley culture. Gewali, Surga Bikram; Kawakita, Jiro; Bangdel, Lain Singh; Kikuchi, Hojun;
Fleming, Robert; Sakya, Karne; Griffith, Linda. Tokyo, ACCU, 1977. 28 p, illus. (eng). Asian Culture. 16.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: architectural heritage; architecture history; Nepal. SECONDARY KEYWORDS: temples;
cultural heritage. // Kathmandu Valley (Nepal) // Kathmandu (Nepal) // Patan (Nepal) // Bhaktapur (Nepal)
ACCESSION NO: 8909.
008039 - Nepal : International Campaign for the Safeguarding of the Kathmandu Valley, Updated Plan of Action.
Sekler, Eduard F. Paris, Unesco, 1986. 17 p, illus. (eng). Icomos/Unesco Mission of November 28-December 15,
1985. Incl. photographs and slides.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: protection of cultural heritage; international campaigns; Nepal; expert reports. SECONDARY
KEYWORDS: deterioration; world heritage list; legal protection; training; inventories; conservation measures;
financing; restoration projects; recommendations. // Kathmandu Valley (Nepal)
ACCESSION NO: 9138. (restricted).
015651 - Kathmandu Valley, World Heritage site, Nepal. Report and recommendations of the joint Unesco/icomos
mission. Icomos; Unesco. Paris, Unesco, 1993. 32 p., 45 plates. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: cultural heritage; built heritage; religious architecture; Nepal.
/ Kathmandu Valley, Nepal (WHC 121)
188
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: case studies. // ICOMOS (International Council on Monuments and Sites) // UNESCO //
IUCN // Angkor, Cambodia (WHC 668) // Historic Town of Sukhothai and Associated Historic Towns, Thailand (WHC
574) // Banff National Park, Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks, Canada (WHC 304) // Stonehenge, Avebury and
Associated Sites, UK (WHC 373) // Complex of Hué Monuments, Viet Nam (WHC 678) // Vat Phou Champasak
Heritage and Cultural Landscape protection zone, Lao PDR (WHC 481) // Patan Durbar Square, kathmandu Valley,
Nepal (WHC 121) // Santa Rosa Xtampak, Campeche, Mexico
017209 - Kathmandu (Nepal). Chitrakav, Anil. Nara, Nara City, 2000. p. 42-43. (eng). In : "1999 Nara Seminar Report
: development and integrity of historic cities".
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic towns; world heritage list; conservation policy; Japan.
// Kathmandu, Nepal (WHC 121)
017300 - Nepal. Development of cultural tourism. April-may 1968. Pollaco, J.C. UNESCO. Paris, UNESCO, 1968.
82p., illus. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: cultural tourism; tourism management; legislation; cultural policy; Nepal. // Kathmandu
Valley, Nepal // Chapagaou area, Nepal
CALL NO: To. 081.
018754 - Squeezing the stupas. Lam, Ngoc Loan. Paris, UNESCO, 2001. p. 21-22, illus. (Sources UNESCO. 140)
(same text in eng, fre). La vallée de Katmandou en danger. fre.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; world heritage in danger; cultural heritage at risk; urban development;
Nepal. // Kathmandu Valley, Nepal (WHC 121) ACCESSION NO: K-289.
019730 - Sacred spaces and the search for authenticity in the Kathmandu Valley. Sekler, Eduard F. Washington, The
World Bank, 2001. p. 348-357, illus., plans. (eng). In: "Historic cities and sacred sites. Cultural roots for urban futures".
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: sacred places; world heritage list; authenticity; Nepal.
// Kathmandu Valley, Nepal (WHC 121) ACCESSION NO: 14241. ISBN: 0-8213-4904-X.
021744 - Building a disaster resistant community in Kathmandu: a community based approach. Shrestha, Bijaya K.
ICOMOS, 2000. 5 p., illus., plans. (eng). In: "Earthquake-safe: lessons to be learned from traditional buildings".
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: earthquakes; town planning policy; disaster management; Nepal.
// Kathmandu, Nepal ACCESSION NO: 14548. CALL NO: Se. 272.
021746 - Temples and buildings standing over Kathmandu Valley which is vulnerable to earthquakes. Shakya, Naresh
Man. ICOMOS, 2000. 8 p. (eng). In: "Earthquake-safe: lessons to be learned from traditional buildings"; Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: earthquake resistance; world heritage list; seismic areas; Nepal.
// Kathmandu Valley, Nepal (WHC 121)
ACCESSION NO: 14548. CALL NO: Se. 272.
027007 - Periodic Report: Kathmandu Valley. Department of Archaeology, Kathmandu, Nepal. [Paris], [UNESCO],
[2003]. [211p.]. (also in eng). Incl. bibl.*.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage convention; world heritage list; periodic reports; historic town centres;
buddhist architecture; hindu architecture; historic monuments; conservation; management; monitoring; authenticity;
Nepal.
// Pashupati monument zone, Nepal // Swayambhunath monument zone, Nepal // Baudhanath monument zone,
Nepal // Patan Darbar square monument zone, Nepal // Bhadgaon Darbar square monument zone, Nepal //
Changunarayan monument zone, Nepal // Kathmandu Darkar square monument zone, Nepal // Kathmandu Valle,
Nepal (WHC 121) ACCESSION NO: WHC 121.
027235 - Heritage conservation and planning new development in Bhaktapur, Nepal. Shah, Biresh. US/ICOMOS,
2003. [20] p., illus. In: "6th US/ICOMOS International Symposium : Managing conflict and conservation in historic
cities : integrating conservation with tourism, development and politics" (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic towns; management; development; tourism management; urbanization; development
projects; conservation policy; world heritage list; Nepal.
// Kathmandu, Nepal // Bhaktapur, Nepal ACCESSION NO: 14915.
033720 - Abode of the Gods: sacred shrines of Kathmandu. Dowman, Keith. Bubriski, Kevin (phot.). New york, WMF,
2002. p.22-25, illus. (World Monuments ICON. Winter 2002/2003) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: sacred places; mountains; shrines; Nepal.
// Kathmandou, Nepal
1984- Royal Chitwan National Park / Parc national de Royal Chitwan
(Criteria vii - ix - x)
189
Brief description
At the foot of the Himalayas, Chitwan is one of the few remaining undisturbed vestiges of the 'Terai'
region, which formerly extended over the foothills of India and Nepal. It has a particularly rich flora and
fauna. One of the last populations of single-horned Asiatic rhinoceros lives in the park, which is also
one of the last refuges of the Bengal tiger.
Briève description
Au pied de l'Himalaya, Chitwan est l'un des rares vestiges non perturbés de la région du « Terai » qui
s'étendait sur les piémonts de l'Inde et du Népal. La flore et la faune y sont très denses. Il abrite une
des dernières populations de rhinocéros asiatique à une corne et constitue également l'un des
derniers refuges du tigre du Bengale.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
020678 - Case study on the effects of tourism on culture and the environment: Chitwan-Sauraha and PokharaGhandrok. Ghimire, Govinda; Kunwar, Ramesh Raj; Chettri, Pitambar; Pandey, Rami Niwas. UNESCO Principal
Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific. Bangkok, UNESCO, 1995. 32p., illus. (RACAP Series on Culture and
Tourism in Asia. 4) (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: cultural tourism; cultural facilities; environment; Nepal.
// Pokhara-Ghandruk, Nepal // Chitwan-Sauraha, Nepal
1997- Lumbini, the Birthplace of the Lord Buddha / Lumbini, lieu de naissance
du Bouddha (Criteria iii - vi)
Brief description
Siddhartha Gautama, the Lord Buddha, was born in 623 B.C. in the famous gardens of Lumbini, which
soon became a place of pilgrimage. Among the pilgrims was the Indian emperor Ashoka, who erected
one of his commemorative pillars there. The site is now being developed as a Buddhist pilgrimage
centre, where the archaeological remains associated with the birth of the Lord Buddha form a central
feature.
Briève description
Siddharta Gautama, le Bouddha, est né en 623 av. J.-C. dans les célèbres jardins de Lumbini et son
lieu de naissance est devenu un lieu de pèlerinage. Parmi les pèlerins se trouvait l'empereur indien
Asoka qui a fait édifier à cet endroit l'un de ses piliers commémoratifs. Le site est maintenant un foyer
de pèlerinage centré sur les vestiges associés au début du bouddhisme et à la naissance du
Bouddha.
190
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
008434 - The Conservation of Cultural Property in Nepal. Surya Bhakta Sangachhe. York, Institute of Advanced
Architectural Studies, 1985. 173 p, illus., maps, plans. (eng). M.A. in Conservation studies; incl. glossary.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: protection of cultural heritage; conservation policy; buddhist architecture; Nepal.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: deterioration; conservation techniques; stone; brick; wood; case studies; historic
gardens; historic monuments and sites; guidelines.
// Lumbini garden (Nepal) // Pujari Math, Bhaktapur (Nepal) // Char Narayan, Patan (Nepal)
ACCESSION NO: 9227.
017722 - Lumbini, lieu de naissance de Bouddha. 53 slides : col. (eng). From WHC 666 listed in 1997; legends on the
slides.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: cultural heritage; buddhist architecture; world heritage list; monasteries; stupas; temples;
archaeological excavations; libraries; plans; Nepal.
// Lumbini, the Birthplace of the Lord Buddha, Nepal (WHC 666)
CALL NO: NP.LUM.07 : 1-53 (WHC 666).
New Zealand / Nouvelle Zélande
1990- Te Wahipounamu - South West New Zealand / Te Wahipounamu - zone
sud-ouest de la Nouvelle-Zélande (Criteria vi - vii - ix - x)
Brief description
The landscape in this park, situated in south-west New Zealand, has been shaped by successive
glaciations into fjords, rocky coasts, towering cliffs, lakes and waterfalls. Two-thirds of the park is
covered with southern beech and podocarps, some of which are over 800 years old. The kea, the only
alpine parrot in the world, lives in the park, as does the rare and endangered takahe, a large flightless
bird.
Briève description
Dans le sud-ouest de la Nouvelle-Zélande, ce parc offre un paysage, modelé par les glaciations
successives, de fjords, de côtes rocheuses, de hautes falaises, de lacs et de cascades. Les deux tiers
de sa superficie sont recouverts de forêts de hêtres méridionaux et de podocarpes, dont certains ont
plus de 800 ans. On y trouve le kea, unique perroquet alpin du monde, ainsi que le takahe, gros
oiseau coureur, rare et menacé.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
191
016780 - The Ngai Tahu Settlement. Mason, Maika. Paris, UNESCO, 1999. p.180-184. (eng). In : "World Natural
Heritage and the local community", Incl.bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; natural heritage; local communities; New Zealand.
// The Wahipounamu, South West New Zealand (WHC 551)
034104 - Te Wahipounamu - zone sud-ouest de la Nouvelle-Zélande: le lieu légendaire de la pierre verte. Robinson,
Kayt. Paris, UNESCO; Valencia, Pressgroup Holdings, 2007. p. 18-25, illus. (Patrimoine Mondial. 46) (fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: natural sites; fauna; flora; conservation; local communities; world heritage list; New Zealand.
// Te Wahipounamu, South-West New Zealand (WHC 551)
034111 - Te Wahipounamu - South West New Zealand. Robinson, Kayt. Paris, UNESCO; Valencia, Pressgroup
Holdings, 2007. p. 18-25, illus. (World Heritage. 46) (eng).
034118 - Te Wahipounamu - Zona Sudoeste de Nueva Zelanda: el legendario lugar de la piedra verde. Robinson,
Kayt. Paris, UNESCO; Valencia, Pressgroup Holdings, 2007. p. 18-25, illus. (Patrimonio Mundial. 46) (spa).
1993- Tongariro National Park / Parc national de Tongariro (Criteria vi - vii - viii)
Brief description
In 1993 Tongariro became the first property to be inscribed on the World Heritage List under the
revised criteria describing cultural landscapes. The mountains at the heart of the park have cultural
and religious significance for the Maori people and symbolize the spiritual links between this
community and its environment. The park has active and extinct volcanoes, a diverse range of
ecosystems and some spectacular landscapes.
Briève description
En 1993, Tongariro est devenu le premier bien inscrit sur la Liste du patrimoine mondial au titre du
critère culturel révisé concernant des paysages culturels. Les montagnes situées au centre du parc
ont une signification culturelle et religieuse pour le peuple maori et symbolisent les liens spirituels
entre cette communauté humaine et son environnement. Le parc contient des volcans en activité et
éteints, une gamme variée d'écosystèmes et des paysages particulièrement spectaculaires.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
016680 - A sacred gift: Tongariro National Park, New Zealand. Te Heuheu, Tumu. Jena; Stuttgart; New York, G.
Fischer, 1995. p. 170-173, illus. (Cultural Landscapes of Universal Value: components of a global strategy) (eng). Incl.
bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: cultural landscapes; world heritage list; national parks; sacred places; aboriginal cultures;
intangible heritage; New Zealand.
// Tongariro National Park, New Zealand (WHC 421 rev)
192
018601 - The sacred peaks of Tongariro. Fraser, Lianne. Madrid, UNESCO, 1999. p. 68-79, illus., maps. (World
Heritage Review. 11, 1999) (same text in eng, fre, spa). Les pics sacrés de Tongariro. fre. Las montañas sagradas de
Tongariro. spa.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: national parks; cultural landscapes; world heritage list; sacred places; aboriginal cultures;
New Zealand.
// Tongariro National Park, New Zealand (WHC 421)
021610 - Extending the limits of the World Heritage List: Towards the identification, assessment and conservation of
cultural landscapes of outstanding universal value. Titchen, Sarah. Victoria, Australian Heritage Commission, 1995. p.
13-50. (eng). In: "Indigenous cultural landscapes and world heritage listing".
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: cultural landscapes; world heritage convention; world heritage list; conservation. // WuruKata Tjuta National Park, Australia (WHC 447) // Tongariro National Park, New Zealand (WHC 421rev)
034103 - Parc National de Tongariro, un site naturel chargé de mythe. Fraser, Lianne. Paris, UNESCO; Valencia,
Pressgroup Holdings, 2007. p. 8-17, illus. (Patrimoine Mondial. 46) (fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; national parks; natural sites; mountains; sacred places; aboriginal sites;
cultural landscapes; New Zealand.
// Tongariro National Park, New Zealand (WHC 421 bis)
034110 - Tongariro National Park: A myth-laden view of nature. Fraser, Lianne. Paris, UNESCO; Valencia,
Pressgroup Holdings, 2007. p. 8-17, illus. (World Heritage. 46) (eng).
034117 - Parque Nacional Tongariro: una visión mítica del paisaje. Fraser, Lianne. Paris, UNESCO; Valencia,
Pressgroup Holdings, 2007. p. 8-17, illus. (Patrimonio Mundial. 46) (spa).
1998- New Zealand Sub-Antarctic Islands / Iles sub-antarctiques de NouvelleZélande (Criteria ix - x)
Brief description
The New Zealand Sub-Antarctic Islands consist of five island groups (the Snares, Bounty Islands,
Antipodes Islands, Auckland Islands and Campbell Island) in the Southern Ocean south-east of New
Zealand. The islands, lying between the Antarctic and Subtropical Convergences and the seas, have a
high level of productivity, biodiversity, wildlife population densities and endemism among birds, plants
and invertebrates. They are particularly notable for the large number and diversity of pelagic seabirds
193
and penguins that nest there. There are 126 bird species in total, including 40 seabirds of which five
breed nowhere else in the world.
Briève description
Le site se compose de cinq archipels (les îles Snares, Bounty, Antipodes, Auckland et Campbell)
situés dans l'océan Austral, au sud-est de la Nouvelle-Zélande. Les îles se trouvant entre les
convergences antarctique et subtropicale, la productivité marine est très élevée, il y a une riche
diversité biologique, de fortes densités de population pour la faune sauvage et un important
endémisme des espèces d'oiseaux, de plantes et d'invertébrés. Elles sont particulièrement
remarquables pour l'abondance et la diversité des oiseaux pélagiques et des manchots nicheurs. On y
trouve 126 espèces d'oiseaux au total, dont 40 d'oiseaux marins parmi lesquelles 5 ne se reproduisent
nulle part ailleurs.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
002290 - A Place you can visit : Highwic. Wellington, Historic Places in New Zealand, 1983. p. 2-5, illus. (Historic
Places in New Zealand. 3) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: vernacular architecture; houses; New Zealand; wooden architecture; conservation of historic
monuments; 19th.
// Highwic, Auckland (New Zealand)
003705 - Guardian of the Waitemata. Shirley, Paul. Wellington, New Zealand Historic Places Trust, 1984. p. 24-26,
illus. (Historic Places in New Zealand. 5, June) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: lighthouses; wood; conservation; New Zealand.
// Bean Rock lighthouse, Auckland (New Zealand)
008588 - Hotunui, the conservation plan. Barton, Gerry; Reynolds, David. Auckland, Auckland Museum, 1985. 53 p,
illus. (eng). Incl. Burra Charter.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: ceremony houses; conservation; documentary research; deterioration; conservation policy;
New Zealand.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: architecture history; decorations and ornaments; descriptions.
// Hotunui, Auckland (New Zealand)
011432 - A Conservation Philosophy applied to Auckland Schools. Sheppard, Peter. Wellington, New Zealand and
Historic Places Trust, 1989. p. 20-22, illus. (Historic Places in New Zealand. 24) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: schools; 19th; restoration; earthquake protection; New Zealand.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: financial aspects; conservation policy.
// Mount Albert Grammar School, Auckland (New Zealand)
011495 - Are these New Zealand's Oldest Victorian Stained Glass Windows? Ciaran, Fiona. Wellington, New Zealand
Historic Places Trust, 1988. p. 20-22, illus. (Historic Places in New Zealand. 20) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: stained glass; 19th; descriptions; chapels; schools; New Zealand.
// St John's College, Auckland (New Zealand)
011657 - Temporary Edifices; Set New Directions. Mane-Wheoki, Jonathan. Wellington, New Zealand Historic Places
Trust, 1990. (New Zealand Historic Places. 1) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: wooden architecture; architectural revivals; architecture history; architects; 19th; New
Zealand. SECONDARY KEYWORDS: historical surveys; typological analysis.
// Thatcher, Frederick - clergyman-architect // St John's College, Auckland (New Zealand) // St Stephen, Auckland
(New Zealand) // Old St Paul, Wellington (New Zealand) // The Gables, New Plymouth (New Zealand) // Selwym
Court, Auckland (New Zealand)
016104 - Historic buildings of Northland and Auckland. Stewart, D.; Cooper, M.; Boyd, N. New Zealand Historic
Places Trust register of classified buildings. Wellington, New Zealand Historic Places Trust, 1989. 80 p., illus. (eng).
Incl. glossary, index of illustrations.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: inventories; Historic monuments and sites; classification; descriptions; New Zealand.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: houses; public and civic architecture.
// Northland, New Zealand // Auckland, New Zealand
ACCESSION NO: 13555. CALL NO: I.NZ.004. ISBN: 0-417-01403-8.
018605 - The sub-antarctic islands. Therin-Weise, Michel; Therin-Weise, Gabrielle. Madrid, UNESCO, 1999. p. 56879, illus., maps (World Heritage Review. 13, 1999) (same text in eng, fre, spa). Les îles subantarctiques. fre. Islas
subantárticas: las últimas joyas de la Tierra. spa.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: islands; antarctic regions; world heritage list; fauna.
194
// New Zealand Sub-Antarctic Islands, New Zealand (WHC 877)
019048 - Subantarctic Islands Heritage. Nomination of the New Zealand Subantarctic Islands by the Government of
New Zealand for inclusion in the World Heritage List. Department of Conservartion, New Zealand. Wellington,
Department of Conservation, 1997. 76p. , illus., maps. (eng). Incl. bibl. and appendix.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: natural heritage; natural sites; islands; world heritage list; antarctic regions; New Zealand.
// New Zealand Sub-Antarctic Islands (WHC 877)
034105 - Les Îles Subantarctiques: un retour à la nature. Strachan, Nyia. Paris, UNESCO; Valencia, Pressgroup
Holdings, 2007. p. 26-33, illus. (Patrimoine Mondial. 46) (fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: natural sites; natural heritage; islands; fauna; world heritage list; New Zealand.
034112 - New Zealand's Subantarctic Islands: A return to nature. Strachan, Nyia. Paris, UNESCO; Valencia,
Pressgroup Holdings, 2007. p. 26-33, illus. (World Heritage. 46) (eng).
034119 - Las islas subantárticas: retorno a la naturaleza. Strachan, Nyia. Paris, UNESCO; Valencia, Pressgroup
Holdings, 2007. p. 26-33, illus. (Patrimonio Mundial. 46) (spa).
Oman
2006- Aflaj Irrigation Systems of Oman / Systèmes d'irrigation aflaj d'Oman
(Criterion v)
Brief description
The property includes five aflaj irrigation systems and represents some 3,000 such systems still in use
in Oman. The origins of this system of irrigation may date back to 500 A.D., but archaeological
evidence suggests that irrigation systems existed in this extremely arid area as early as 2,500 B.C.
Aflaj, is the plural of falaj which, in classical Arabic means to divide into shares and equitable sharing
of a scarce resource to ensure sustainability remains the hallmark of this irrigation system. Using
gravity, water is channelled from underground sources or springs to support agriculture and domestic
use, often over many kilometres. The fair and effective management and sharing of water in villages
and towns is still underpinned by mutual dependence and communal values and guided by
astronomical observations. Numerous watchtowers built to defend the water systems form part of the
listed property reflecting the historic dependence of communities on the aflaj system. Other buildings
listed in association with the aflaj are mosques, houses, sundials, and water auction buildings.
Threatened by the lowering level of the underground water table, the aflaj represent an exceptionally
well-preserved form of land use.
Briève description
Les cinq systèmes d‟irrigation inscrits représentent les quelques 3 000 systèmes d‟irrigation encore en
activité en Oman. La construction la plus ancienne pourrait remonter aux environs de 500 apr. J.C.
mais des preuves archéologiques récentes suggèrent que les systèmes d‟irrigation existaient dans la
région dès 2 500 avant J.C. Aflaj est le pluriel de falaj qui signifie, en arabe classique, « diviser en
parts ». Un partage équitable d‟une ressource rare afin de garantir sa pérennité, tel est la marque de
ce système d‟irrigation qui conduit l‟eau des sources souterraines, par gravité, sur des kilomètres pour
alimenter l‟agriculture et les peuplements permanents. La gestion et le partage équitable et efficace de
195
l‟eau dans les villages et les villes sont toujours sous-tendus par des notions de dépendance mutuelle
et de collectivité, et guidés par des observations astronomiques. De nombreuses tours de guet
construites pour défendre les systèmes d‟adduction d‟eau sont intégrées au site. Elles reflètent la
dépendance des communautés aux aflaj. D‟autres constructions sont associées au système : des
mosquées, maisons, cadrans solaires, maisons de vente aux enchères de l‟eau. Menacé par la baisse
du niveau des eaux souterraines, l‟aflaj représente une forme d‟occupation des sols
exceptionnellement bien conservée.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
029773 - Aflaj irrigation system of Oman. UNESCO. 110 slides: col. (eng). From WHC 1207 listed in 2006.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic sites; irrigation canals; water management; world heritage list; Oman.
// Les systèmes d'irrigation aflaj d'Oman (WHC 1207)
ACCESSION NO: OM.AFL.08: 1-110 (WHC 1207).
Pakistan
1980 - Archaeological Ruins at Moenjodaro / Ruines archéologiques de
Mohenjo Daro (Criteria ii - iii)
Brief description
The ruins of the huge city of Moenjodaro Ŕ built entirely of unbaked brick in the 3rd millennium B.C. Ŕ
lie in the Indus valley. The acropolis, set on high embankments, the ramparts, and the lower town,
which is laid out according to strict rules, provide evidence of an early system of town planning.
Briève description
Ce site conserve les ruines d'une ville immense de la vallée de l'Indus, entièrement construite en
e
brique crue et remontant au III millénaire av. J.-C. Son acropole, élevée sur d'énormes remblais, ses
remparts et la rigueur du plan de sa ville basse témoignent d'un urbanisme strictement planifié.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
000683 - Pleins feux sur Moenjodaro. Unesco. Paris, Unesco, 1982. p. 18-21, illus. (Patrimoine Culturel de
l'Humanité. 82,19/20) (frealso in eng, spa). Special issue, incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world cultural heritage; international campaigns; conservation; restoration; financial
assistance; historic sites; archaeological remains; Pakistan.
// Moenjodaro (Pakistan)
001109 - Pour la sauvegarde de Moenjodaro : un appel du Directeur Général. Paris, Unesco, 1983. p. 1-2, 12. (Les
Nouvelles de l'Unesco = Unesco News. 99) (frealso in eng). For the safeguarding of Moenjodaro : an appeal by the
Director-General. eng.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world cultural heritage; international campaigns; architecture history; adobe; Pakistan. //
Unesco // Moenjodaro (Pakistan)
196
002926 - Executive Committee for the safeguarding of Moenjodaro. 1st session. Paris, 1980. International Campaign
for the safeguarding of Moenjodaro, Pakistan. M'Bow, Amadou Mahtar; Akhund, Iqbal A. Paris, Unesco, 1980. 26 p.
(eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; archaeological sites; adobe; Pakistan.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: international campaigns; conservation measures; financial assistance;
recommendations; technical reports; ground water; desalting. // Mohenjo Daro (Pakistan)
ACCESSION NO: 977. DOC CODE: CL/2697.
002934 - Moenjodaro modern metropolis of antiquity. Ashfaque, Syed M.; Naqvi, Syed A. Paris, Unesco, 1973. p. 913, 38, illus. (Le Courrier de l'Unesco. 10) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; archaeological sites; adobe; Pakistan.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: archaeological excavations; customs and traditions; economic aspects; stupas; tumulus;
housing standards; baths; building techniques; stylistic analysis; sculptures; pottery; salts; conservation measures. //
Mohenjo Daro (Pakistan)
ACCESSION NO: K-54.
002935 - Moenjodaro, a 5,000 year old legacy. Shaikh, Khurshid Hasan; Ashfaque, Syed M. Paris, Unesco, 1981. 61
p, illus. (Archaeological ruins at Mohenjo Daro (Pakistan)) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: management of archaeological sites; world heritage list; archaeological sites; buddhist
architecture; adobe; Pakistan.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: international campaigns; conservation measures; economic aspects; town planning
schemes; archaeological excavations; craftsmen; desalting; planting; customs and traditions. // M'Bow, Amadou
Mahtar - director-general of Unesco // Mohenjo Daro (Pakistan)
002937 - Moenjodaro. New life for the city of the dead. Unesco. Paris, Unesco, 1974. 16 p, illus., maps,plans. (eng).
Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; archaeological sites Pakistan.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: international campaigns; conservation measures; archaeological finds; salts; financial
assistance. // Mohenjo Daro (Pakistan)
ACCESSION NO: 984.
003094 - Ancient city of Moenjodaro, Pakistan. Hattori, E.; Albert-Hesse, Jane (text). Unesco; Department of
Archeology and Museums, Pakistan. Paris, Unesco, [n.d.]. 2 slides: col. + 1 p. (Save our Common Heritage. 24,25)
(engalso in fre, spa). Accompanying material: narrative legends from booklet bearing series title. Listed as WHC 138
in 1980.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; town archaeological sites; adobe; ruins; statues; tumulus; archaeological
finds; sculptures; Pakistan. SECONDARY KEYWORDS: slides; general views. // Mohenjodaro (Pakistan)
CALL NO: PK.MOE.01:1-2.
003257 - Moenjodaro : 5000 years of history in danger. Tupper, Patricio. Delhi, Ministry of Education and Social
Welfare, 1983. p. 28-32, illus. (Newsletter, Indian National Commission for Cooperation with Unesco. 21, 3) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: conservation of historic towns; international campaigns; Pakistan.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: archaeological surveys; descriptions; archaeological remains; salts; water damage;
adobe; infiltration; world heritage list. // Moenjodaro (Pakistan)
ACCESSION NO: K- 140.
003462 - Un Appel urgent pour sauver Moenjodaro. Burke, Toby. Paris, UNESCO, 1984. p. 11-14, illus. (Informations
UNESCO. 799) (same text in fre, eng). urgent appeal to check disappearance of Moenjodaro. eng.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: adobe; urban archaeological sites; international campaigns; Pakistan.
// UNESCO // Moenjodaro (Pakistan)
005792 - Moenjodaro, capitale millénaire en péril. Naqvi, Syed A. Paris, Unesco, 1985. p. 32-35, illus. (Le Courrier de
l'Unesco. 38, 7) (frealso in eng). Moenjodaro. eng.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: adobe; town archaeological sites; historical surveys; Pakistan.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: international campaigns; conservation of architecture.
// Moenjodaro (Pakistan)
007557 - Moenjodaro. Stevens, John. Canberra, Commonwealth Department of Education for the Australian National
Commission for Unesco, 1985. p. 14-18, illus. (Unesco Review. 11) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: town archaeological sites; adobe; conservation of historic sites; international campaigns;
Pakistan.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: archaeological finds. // Moenjodaro (Pakistan)
ACCESSION NO: K-287. ISSN: 0158-779X.
007905 - [Moenjodaro]. Rebeyrol, Yvonne. Paris, Le Monde, 1984. 2 p, illus. (Le Monde. dimanche 5 - lundi 6 février
1984) (fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: management of archaeological sites; town archaeological sites; destruction of cultural
heritage; conservation; international campaigns; Pakistan; world heritage list.
// Moenjodaro (Pakistan) ACCESSION NO: 8997. CALL NO: Arch. 111.
007927 - Pakistan : effects of proposed airport expansion on the archaeological site at Moenjodaro. Lorin, R.;
Beckmann, P. Paris, Unesco, 1976. 32 p., ill.,plans. (eng). Mobilization and organization of international solidarity for
the preservation and presentation of monuments and sites. Incl. measurements, bibl.
197
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: management of archaeological sites; environmental deterioration; asian art; Pakistan; expert
reports.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: noise measurements and instruments; vibrations; man made deterioration; airports. //
Moenjodaro (Pakistan)
ACCESSION NO: 283. CALL NO: Arch. 124. DOC CODE: FMR/CC/CH/76/165. (restricted).
009069 - Activities of the joint RWTH-IsMEO project at Moenjodaro, 1984. Pracchia, Stefano. Rome, IsMEO, 1984. p.
516-534, illus., plans. (East and West. 34, 4) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: archaeological sites; archaeological finds; Pakistan.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: deterioration. // Moenjodaro (Pakistan)
ACCESSION NO: K-75.
013060 - Documentation and Conservation at Moenjodaro : A Concept of Management. Archaeological Heritage
Management. Jansen, Michael. ICOMOS. Colombo, Sri-Lanka National Committee of ICOMOS, Sri Lanka Central
Cultural Fund, 1993. p. 44-47. (Central Cultural Fund Publication n) (135 : Archaeological Heritage
Management,Icomos International Scientific Symposium. 135) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: Management of archaeological sites; archaeological excavations; conservation plans; 20th;
Pakistan.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: houses; brick; flood control; prevention of damage; landscaping; adobe; Venice Charter;
documentation; deontology.
// UNESCO // Icomos International Scientific Symposium on Archaeological Heritage Management. Colombo, 1993 //
Moenjodaro (Pakistan)
016363 - Save Moenjodaro. Hideo, Kondo; Shaikh, Justice Abdul kadir; Hideo, Noguchi. Asia/Pacific Cultural Centre
for UNESCO (ACCU). Tokyo, ACCU, 1994. 31 p., illus., plans. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: World heritage list; archaeological sites; historical surveys; archaeological finds;
conservation of archaeological sites; international campaigns; Pakistan. // Archaeological ruins at Moenjodaro,
Pakistan (WHC 138)
021805 - A critical review of the brick conservation programme at Moenjodaro. Boekwijt, W.O. Paris, UNESCO, 1979.
13 p., maps. (eng). Incl. abstract in english.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: adobe; conservation; world heritage list; brick; brickwork; Pakistan.
// Archaeological ruins at Moenjodaro, Pakistan (WHC 138)
021855 - Preservation of structural remains at Moenjodaro. Clifton, James R. Paris, UNESCO, 1981. 15 p., illus.
(Monuments historiques. 116) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; conservation; brick; building materials; Pakistan.
// Archaeological ruins at Moenjodaro, Pakistan (WHC 138)
022866 - Pietre da Salvare. Sansone, Vito. Torino, Sicietà Editrice Internazionale, 1978. 342 p., illus. (ita). Incl.bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: cultural tourism; world cultural heritage; protection of cultural heritage; archaeological
heritage; stone; conservation; temples; Chile; Greece; Italy; Tunisia; Pakistan; Indonesia.
// Easter Island, Rapa Nui, Chile (WHC 715) // Site of Carthague, Tunisia (WHC 37) // Archaeological Ruins at
Moenjodaro, Pakistan (WHC 138) // Borobudur Temple Compounds, Indonesia (WHC 592) // Acropolis, Athens,
Greece (WHC 404) // Venice and its Lagoon, Italy (WHC 394)
027030 - Periodic Report: Archaeological Ruins at Moenjodaro. Department of Archaeology and Museums, Pakistan.
[Paris], [UNESCO], [2003]. [16p.]. (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage convention; world heritage list; periodic reports; archaeological sites;
archaeological remains; ruins; conservation; management; Pakistan.
// Archaeological Ruins at Moenjodaro, Pakistan (WHC 138)
032261 - Fired brick and sulphate attack: The case of Moenjodaro, Pakistan. Fodde, Enrico. Dorset, Donhead
Publishing, 2007. p. 69-80, illus. (Journal of Architectural Conservation. 13, 1) (eng). Incl. abstract.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: archaeological sites; structural failures; deterioration; salts; conservation measures; brick;
earth; restoration techniques; mortar; world heritage list; Pakistan.
// Moenjodaro, Pakistan (WHC 138)
ACCESSION NO: 15520. CALL NO: Br.C. 127. ISSN: 1355-6207.
034425 - The influence of soluble salts on the decay of Moenjodaro, Pakistan. Fodde, Enrico. pBingley, Emerald,
2008. p. 223-241, illus. (Structural survey. 26,3) (eng). Offprint. Incl.bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; archaeological sites; deterioration; stupas; salts; brick; mortar; earth
architecture; man made deterioration; conservation measures; conservation treatment; conservation techniques;
Pakistan.
// Moenjodaro, Pakistan (WHC 138)
ACCESSION NO: 15797. CALL NO: Br.c.136. ISSN: 0263-080X.
1980- Taxila / Taxila (Criteria iii - vi)
198
Brief description
From the ancient Neolithic tumulus of Saraikala to the ramparts of Sirkap (2nd century B.C.) and the
city of Sirsukh (1st century A.D.), Taxila illustrates the different stages in the development of a city on
the Indus that was alternately influenced by Persia, Greece and Central Asia and which, from the 5th
century B.C. to the 2nd century A.D., was an important Buddhist centre of learning.
Briève description
e
Du très ancien tumulus néolithique de Saraikala aux remparts de Sirkap, datant du II siècle av. J.-C.,
er
et à la ville de Sirsukh, du I siècle apr. J.-C., Taxila illustre les étapes du développement urbain d'une
ville de l'Indus soumise tour à tour aux influences de la Perse, du monde hellénique et de l'Asie
e
e
centrale, et qui, du VI siècle av. J.-C. au II siècle de l'ère chrétienne, fut le siège d'une université
bouddhique florissante.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
002966 - Nomination form. Archaeological remains of Taxila (Taksha-Sila). Islamabad, Quaid-i-Azam University,
1979. 10 p. (Taxila (Pakistan)) (engalso in fre). Vestiges archéologiques de Taxila (Taksha-Sila). fre. Date received :
31-12-79/ Ahmad Hasan Dani/ Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; prehistoric sites; town archaeological sites; buddhist architecture; islamic
architecture; Pakistan; nomination forms.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: historical surveys; conservation policy; stupas; monasteries.
// Taxila (Pakistan)
002967 - Icomos evaluation. Taxila. Icomos. Paris, Icomos, 1980. 2 p. (Taxila (Pakistan)) (same text in eng, fre).
architecture; Pakistan; historical surveys.
// Taxila, Pakistan (WHC 139)
002968 - Photo. Taxila. sl, nd. 5 photos: b
w, 13x18 cm. (Taxila (Pakistan)) (eng). No legends.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; town archaeological sites; buddhist architecture; Pakistan; photographs.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: tumulus; stupas; archaeological excavations. // Taxila (Pakistan)
002969 - Photo. Taxila. sl, nd. 10 photos: b
w, 14x19/17x22 cm. (Taxila (Pakistan)) (eng). Legend: Sirkap City: general view and lay-out; Sirkap: Shrine of doubleheaded eagle; Temple of Jandial; Kalawan: the main Stupa; Mohra Moradu: the Monastery; the Kunala Stupa.
architecture; Pakistan; photographs.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: shrines; stupas; monasteries; temples.
// Temple of Jandial, Taxila (Pakistan) // Shrine of double-headed eagle, Sirkap, Taxila (Pakistan) // Kalawan Stupa,
Taxila (Pakistan) // Mohra Moradu Monastery, Taxila (Pakistan) // Kunala Stupa, Taxila (Pakistan)
002970 - Map. Map of Taxila. sl, nd. 1 map. (Taxila (Pakistan)) (eng). Location of the ancient towns Bhir, Sirkap,
Sirsukh and Saraikala.
architecture; Pakistan; maps. // Taxila (Pakistan)
002971 - Taxila, centre de l'ancienne universitaire Asie. Naqvi, Syed Ashfaq. Paris, Unesco, 1972. p. 26-30, illus. (Le
Courrier de l'Unesco. 10) (fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; prehistoric sites; buddhist architecture; islamic architecture; Pakistan.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: historical surveys; archaeological excavations; stupas; monasteries; museums; coins;
pottery. // Marshall, John // Taxila (Pakistan)
199
ACCESSION NO: K-54.
008856 - Historical sites. Tokyo, ACCU, 1986. p. 21-31, illus. (Cultural Kit. 4) (eng). In: 'Looking around Museums in
Asia and the Pacific', Audio-visual Materials kits.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic sites; Asia.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: China; Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Pakistan; Afghanistan.
// Qin Dynasty Tom, Xian (China) // Cultural Triangle (Sri Lanka) // Mahasthangarh (Bangladesh) // Taxila (Pakistan) //
Kabul (Afghanistan)
ACCESSION NO: 9404.
009051 - El Patrimonio del Mundo. Aritio, Luis Blas. Madrid, Plaza
Janés, Incafo, S.A., 1985. 264 p, illus. (El Patrimonio del Mundo. 5) (spa). Incl. world heritage list.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; historic monuments; historic sites; descriptions; architecture history;
natural sites.
// Unesco // Vatican City (Holy See) // M'Zab Valley (Algeria) // Salvador de Bahia (Brazil) // Persepolis (Iran) //
Santiago de Compostela (Spain) // Istanbul (Turkey) // Bryggen, Bergen (Norway) // Taxila (Pakistan) // Cahokia
Mounds State Historic Site (USA) // Aachen Cathedral, Germany (WHC 3) // Medina, Marrakesh (Morocco) // Jesuit
Missions, Guaranis (Argentina and Brazil) // Palace and Park, Fontainebleau (France) // Temples, Ggantija (Malta) //
Stari Ras and Sopocani, Yugoslavia (WHC 96) // Takht-i-Bahi and Sahr-i-Bahlol (Pakistan) // Royal Saltworks, Arc et
Senans (France) // Islamic Cairo (Egypt) // Old City, Avila (Spain) // Caves, Ajanta (India) // Ancient City, Damascus
(Syrian AR) // Nubian monuments and Assouan (Egypt) // Rila Monastery (Bulgaria)
ACCESSION NO: 9494. ISBN: 84-01-60285-8; 84-01-60290-4.
009633 - The Historic City of Taxila. Hasan Dani, Ahmad. Paris, Unesco; Tokyo, CEACS, 1986. 190 p, illus. (eng).
incl. ref.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: town archaeological sites; historical surveys; archaeological finds; descriptions; Pakistan. //
Taxila (Pakistan)
ACCESSION NO: 9596. ISBN: 92-3-102361-6(fre); 4-89656-500-2(jap).
011192 - The Historic City of Taxila. Dani, Ahmad Hasan. Paris; Tokyo, Unesco, CEACS, 1986. 232 p., illus. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: urban archaeological sites; ruins; buddhist architecture; descriptions; architecture history;
Pakistan.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list. // Taxila (Pakistan)
ACCESSION NO: 9994. ISBN: 92-3-102361-6(Unesco); 4-89656-500-2(CEACS).
027034 - Periodic Report: Taxila. Department of Archaeology and Museums, Pakistan. [Paris], [UNESCO], [2003].
[18]p. (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage convention; world heritage list; periodic reports; archaeological sites; historic
towns; buddhist architecture; monasteries; stupas; conservation; management; Pakistan.
// Taxila, Pakistan (WHC 139)
1980 - Buddhist Ruins of Takht-i-Bahi and Neighbouring City Remains at Sahri-Bahlol / Ruines bouddhiques de Takht-i-Bahi et vestiges de Sahr-i-Bahlol
(Criterion iv)
Brief description
The Buddhist monastic complex of Takht-i-Bahi (Throne of Origins) was founded in the early 1st
century. Owing to its location on the crest of a high hill, it escaped successive invasions and is still
exceptionally well preserved. Nearby are the ruins of Sahr-i-Bahlol, a small fortified city dating from the
same period.
Briève description
L'ensemble du monastère bouddhique de Takht-i-Bahi (ou « trône de la source ») a été fondé au
er
début du I siècle. Grâce à son emplacement sur la crête d'une haute colline, il a échappé aux
invasions successives, ce qui explique son état de préservation exceptionnel. Les ruines voisines de
Sahr-i-Bahlol témoignent de la présence d'une petite ville fortifiée datant de la même période.
200
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
001862 - Nomination form. Buddhist ruins at Takht-i-Bahi and neighbouring city remains at Sahr-i-Bahlol. Islamabad,
Quaid-i-Azam University, 1979. 6 p. (Buddhist ruins of Takht-i-Bahi and neighbouring city remains at Sahr-i-Bahlol
(Pakistan)) (engalso in fre). Ruines bouddhistes de Takht-i-Bahi et vestiges voisins de ville ancienne à Sahr-i-Bahlol.
fre. Date Received: 31-12-79/ Ahmad Hasan Dani/ Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; buddhist architecture; archaeological sites; ruins; Pakistan; nomination
forms. SECONDARY KEYWORDS: historical surveys; conservation policy; monasteries; stupas. // Takht-i-Bahi
(Pakistan) // Sahr-i-Bahlol (Pakistan)
001863 - Photo. Takht-i-Bahi. sl, nd. 2 photos: b
w, 15x21/17x24 cm. (Buddhist ruins of Takht-i-Bahi and neighbouring city remains at Sahr-i-Bahlol (Pakistan)) (eng).
Legends: general view, stupas in the court.
Pakistan; photographs. // Takht-i-Bahi (Pakistan)
001864 - Plan. Takht-i-Bhai and its environs. sl, nd. 1 plan, scale 1:50,000. (Buddhist ruins of Takht-i-Bahi and
neighbouring city remains at Sahr-i-Bahlol (Pakistan)) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; archaeological sites; buddhist architecture; ruins; Pakistan; plans.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: monasteries; stupas. // Takht-i-Bahi (Pakistan) // Sahr-i-Bahlol (Pakistan)
001865 - Plan. Plan of the main Monastery, Takht-i-Bahi. 1910-1911. Chand, Mad. sl, 1911. 1 plan. (Buddhist ruins of
Takht-i-Bahi and neighbouring city remains at Sahr-i-Bahlol (Pakistan)) (eng).
Pakistan; plans. SECONDARY KEYWORDS: cross-sections; lengthwise sections. // Takht-i-Bahi (Pakistan)
002977 - Icomos evaluation. Les Ruines bouddhistes de Takht-i-Bahi. Icomos. Paris, Icomos, 1980. 2 p. (same text in
eng, fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; archaeological sites; buddhist architecture; monasteries; Pakistan;
historical surveys. SECONDARY KEYWORDS: evaluations.
// Buddhist ruins of Takht-i-Bahi and neighbouring city remains at Sahr-i-Bahlol, Pakistan (WHC 140)
003093 - Ruines bouddhistes de Takht-i-Bahi et vestiges de Sahr-i-Bahlol, Pakistan. Shaw, I. Paris, Unesco, [s.d.]. 1
slide : col. (World Heritage Sites. 24) (fre). Listed as WHC 140 in 1980.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; buddhist architecture; archaeological sites; ruins; monasteries; stupas;
cells; Pakistan; general views. SECONDARY KEYWORDS: slides.
CALL NO: PK.TAK.03:01.
027031 - Periodic Report: Buddhist Ruins of Takht-i-Bahi and Neighbouring City remains at Sahr-i-Bahlol. Department
of Archaeology and Museums, Pakistan. [Paris], [UNESCO], [2003]. [18p.]. (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage convention; world heritage list; periodic reports; buddhist architecture; ruins;
archaeological remains; religious architecture; stupas; conservation; management; Pakistan.
// Buddhist Ruins of Takht-i-Bahi and Neighbouring city remains at Sahr-i-Bahlol, Pakistan
1981- Historic Monuments of Thatta / Monuments historiques de Thatta
(Criterion iii)
Brief description
The capital of three successive dynasties and later ruled by the Mughal emperors of Delhi, Thatta was
constantly embellished from the 14th to the 18th century. The remains of the city and its necropolis
provide a unique view of civilization in Sind.
Briève description
201
Capitale de trois dynasties successives, puis possession des empereurs moghols de Delhi, Thatta n'a
e
e
cessé d'être embellie du XIV au XVIII siècle. Les vestiges de la ville et de sa nécropole offrent un
témoignage unique sur la civilisation du Sind.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
001801 - Nomination form. Historical Monuments of Thatta. National Institute of Historical and Cultural Research
(Pakistan). Islamabad, National Institute of Historical and Cultural Research, 1979. 5 p. (Historical Monuments of
Thatta (Pakistan)) (engalso in fre). Monuments Historiques de Thatta. fre. Date Received: 31-12-79/ Baloch, N.A./
Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; archaeological sites; islamic architecture; historic monuments;
necropoles; Pakistan; nomination forms.
// Thatta (Pakistan) // Makli, Thatta (Pakistan)
001802 - Icomos evaluation. Monuments historiques de Thatta. Historical Monuments of Thatta (eng). Icomos. Paris,
Icomos, 1981. 2 p. (same text in eng, fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; historic monuments; islamic architecture; archaeological sites;
necropoles; Pakistan; historical surveys; conservation policy.
// Historical Monuments of Thatta, Pakistan (WHC 143) // Makli Hill, Thatta (Pakistan)
001803 - Makli Hill, Thatta, Pakistan. Paris, Téléunion, 1981. 41 slides : col. (eng). Some mounts: DEC 81. Listed as
WHC 143 in 1981.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; historic monuments; necropoles; islamic architecture; ruins; domes;
tombs; decorations and ornaments; mosaics; stone; mosques; columns; Pakistan.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: slides; general views. // Makli Hill, Thatta (Pakistan)
CALL NO: PK.THA.05:1-41.
001804 - Plan. Thatta and its environs. sl, nd. 1 plan, scale 1:50,000. (Historical Monuments of Thatta (Pakistan))
(eng). Location of Makli Hill.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; archaeological sites; historic monuments; islamic architecture;
necropoles; Pakistan; plans. // Thatta (Pakistan) // Makli Hill, Thatta (Pakistan)
001805 - Plan. Sketch Plan of Makli Hill, Thatta. Azhar Yousufi, Anjum. sl, nd. 1 plan. (Historical Monuments of Thatta
(Pakistan)) (eng). See also "Sketch Plan of Makli Hill Monuments" in "Thatta", by Idris Siddiqi.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; islamic architecture; historic monuments; necropoles; Pakistan; plans.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: mausolea; tombs. // Makli Hill, Thatta (Pakistan)
001807 - Thatta. Siddiqi, Idris. Karachi, Department of Archaeology, 1979. 20 p, illus., maps, plans. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: tombs; mausolea; cemeteries; Pakistan.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: islamic architecture; decorative patterns; stone; brick; tile mosaics; historical surveys;
world heritage list. // Thatta (Pakistan)
ACCESSION NO: 596.
002928 - Photo. Jamia Mosque, Thatta. sl, nd. 6 photos: b
w, 11x14/16x21 cm. (Historical Monuments of Thatta (Pakistan)) (eng). Legend: general view, eastern side; interior
view; facade of the Prayer Chamber; western facade; eastern part; corridor.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; archaeological sites; islamic architecture; historic monuments; mosques;
Pakistan; photographs. // Jamia Mosque, Thatta (Pakistan)
017490 - Thatta. Siddiqi, Idris. Karachi, Department of archaeology, 1958. 29 p., illus. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic monuments; world heritage list; archaeological sites; islamic architecture; stone;
tombs; Pakistan.
// Thatta, Pakistan (WHC 143) // Makli Hill, Thatta, Pakistan
027033 - Periodic Report: Historical Monuments of Thatta. Department of Archaeology and Museums, Pakistan.
[Paris], [UNESCO], [2003]. [16]p. (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage convention; world heritage list; periodic reports; historic monuments; tombs;
graves; necropoles; conservation; management; Pakistan.
// Historical Monuments of Thatta, Pakistan (WHC 143)
202
1981- Fort and Shalamar Gardens in Lahore / Fort et jardins de Shalimar à
Lahore (Criteria i - ii - iii)
Brief description
These are two masterpieces from the time of the brilliant Mughal civilization, which reached its height
during the reign of the Emperor Shah Jahan. The fort contains marble palaces and mosques
decorated with mosaics and gilt. The elegance of these splendid gardens, built near the city of Lahore
on three terraces with lodges, waterfalls and large ornamental ponds, is unequalled.
Briève description
Il s'agit de deux chefs-d'œuvre de la brillante civilisation moghole à son apogée, au temps de
l'empereur Shah Jahan. Le fort de Lahore renferme des palais et mosquées de marbre, ornés de
mosaïques et de dorures. À proximité de la ville, les merveilleux jardins de Shalimar étagés sur trois
terrasses, avec des pavillons, des cascades et de vastes pièces d'eau, sont d'un raffinement sans
égal.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
002939 - Plan. Lahore Fort. sl, nd. 1 plan. (Fort and Shalamar Gardens in Lahore (Pakistan)) (eng). Location of
monuments.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; islamic architecture; forts; Pakistan; plans.
// Lahore Fort (Pakistan)
002972 - Nomination form. Lahore Fort. Department of Archeology and Museums (Pakistan). sl, Department of
Archeology and Museums, 1980. 5 p. (Fort and Shalamar Gardens in Lahore (Pakistan)) (engalso in fre). Fort de
Lahore. fre. Date received : 26-12-80/ Muhammad Ishtiaq Khan/ Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; islamic architecture; historic monuments; forts; Pakistan; nomination
forms. SECONDARY KEYWORDS: historical surveys; conservation policy.
// Lahore Fort (Pakistan)
002973 - Icomos evaluation. Fort de Lahore. Icomos. Paris, Icomos, 1981. 2 p. (same text in eng, fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; islamic architecture; historic monuments; forts; Pakistan; historical
surveys; conservation policy.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: evaluations. // Fort and Shalamar Gardens in Lahore, Pakistan (WHC 171)
002974 - Map. Lahore Guide Map. sl, nd. 1 map, scale 1:1,600. (Fort and Shalamar Gardens in Lahore (Pakistan))
(eng). Location of the Fort and Shalamar Gardens; mosques, tombs, gates, hotels, museum, university.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; islamic architecture; historic towns; historic gardens; forts; Pakistan;
maps. // Lahore (Pakistan)
ACCESSION NO: WHC 171-172. CALL NO: Map: 1.
002975 - Map. Fort and Shalamar Gardens in Lahore. sl, nd. 1 map. (Fort and Shalamar Gardens in Lahore
(Pakistan)) (eng). Location of Lahore Fort and Shalamar gardens; boundary line between Pakistan and Bharat.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; islamic architecture; historic gardens; historic towns; forts; Pakistan;
maps. // Lahore (Pakistan)
ACCESSION NO: WHC 171-172. CALL NO: Map: 2.
002978 - Photo. Old Fort, Lahore. sl, nd. 1 photo: b
w, 15x20 cm. (Fort and Shalamar Gardens in Lahore (Pakistan)) (eng). Legend: Basement Chamber's after
restoration.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; islamic architecture; historic towns; forts; Pakistan; photographs.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: interior spaces; restoration works.
// Lahore Fort (Pakistan) ACCESSION NO: WHC 171.
203
002979 - Plan. General Plan of Shalamar Garden, Lahore. Siraj, Akwar. Lahore, Superintendent of Archeology, nd. 1
plan. (Fort and Shalamar Gardens in Lahore (Pakistan)) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; islamic architecture; historic gardens; Pakistan; plans. SECONDARY
KEYWORDS: lengthwise sections; elevations.
// Shalamar Gardens, Lahore (Pakistan)
002981 - Fort Lahore et les jardins de Shalamar, Lahore, Pakistan. Ambassade du Pakistan. [s.l.], [s.n.], [n.d.]. 6
slides : col. (fre). Listed as WHC 171-172 in 1981. Legends on mounts.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; historic towns; historic gardens; forts; mosaics; interior spaces; gateways;
ornamental lakes; pavilions; terraces; Pakistan.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: slides. // Alamgiri gate, Lahore Fort, Lahore (Pakistan) // Naulakha Pavillon, Lahore Fort,
Lahore (Pakistan) // Shish Mahal, Lahore Fort, Lahore (Pakistan) // Diwan-e-Khas, Lahore Fort, Lahore, (Pakistan) //
Diwan-e-Am, Lahore Fort, Lahore (Pakistan) // Shalamar Gardens, Lahore (Pakistan)
CALL NO: PK.LAH.07:1-6. (restricted).
002982 - Badshadi Mosque and the Old Fort, Lahore, Pakistan. [s.l.], [s.n.], [s.d.]. 7 slides : col. (eng). Legends on
mounts. Listed as WHC 171-172 in 1981. Source: Pakistan Embassy.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; historic towns; forts; mosques; historic gardens; decorations and
ornaments; pavilions; ornamental lakes; terraces; Pakistan.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: slides; general views. // Badshahi Mosque, Lahore (Pakistan) // Shish Mahal, Lahore
Fort (Pakistan) // Shalamar Gardens, Lahore (Pakistan) // Sawan Badun pavilion, Shalamar Gardens, Lahore
(Pakistan)
CALL NO: PK.LAH.08:1-7.
002987 - Lahore and its important monuments. Khan, Muhammad Wali Ullah. Karachi, Department of Archaeology
and Museums, 1973. 89 p, illus. (eng). Incl. chronological list of important monuments/ Lahore guide map.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; islamic architecture; historic towns; historic monuments; forts; Pakistan.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: historical surveys; archaeological excavations; tombs; mosques; historic gardens; tile
mosaics; decorative patterns; pavilions. // Lahore (Pakistan)
ACCESSION NO: 6302.
002988 - Master Plan. Lahore Fort (Preservation
Restoration). Khan, Muhammad Ishtiaq. Karachi, Department of Archaeology and Museums, 1973. 27 p, illus. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; islamic architecture forts; Pakistan.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: restoration projects; workshops; costs; historic gardens; pavilions; master plans;
descriptions. // Lahore (Pakistan)
ACCESSION NO: 6303.
019423 - Conservation of the Walled City. Case study: Lahore, Pakistan. Hankey, Donald, ed. The World Bank.
Washington, The World Bank, [2000]. 132 p., illus., plans. (eng). Incl. bibl. PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic towns;
conservation policy; national level; world heritage list; restoration projects; re-use; case studies; Pakistan.
// Lahore, Pakistan (WHC171-172)
ACCESSION NO: 14262. CALL NO: V.H.1388.
022754 - The Mughal gardens of Lahore: documentation, interpretation and conservation. Wescoat, James L., Jr.
Lahore, Department of Archaeology and Museums, 1993. 26 p. (eng). In: "International Symposium on Islamic
Architectural Heritage of Pakistan, South Asia and Central Asia: Conservation and Revitalization, Lahore, 20-26
february 1993" ; Incl. bibl. and abstract. PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic gardens; world heritage list; conservation;
Pakistan. // Shalamar Gardens, Lahore, Pakistan (WHC 171-172)
027032 - Periodic Report: Fort and Shalamar gardens in Lahore. Department of Archaeology and Museums, Pakistan.
[Paris], [UNESCO], [2003]. [32]p. (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage convention; world heritage list; periodic reports; forts; historic gardens;
landscape architecture; conservation; management; Pakistan.
// Fort and Shalamar gardens in Lahore, Pakistan (WHC 171-172)
ACCESSION NO: WHC 171-172.
028288 - Impact of urbanization around city of Lahore and the world heritage monument of Shalamar Garden
(Pakistan). Mughal, Mohammad Rafique. Xi'an, World Publishing Corporation, 2005. p.419-424, illus. In: "Proceedings
of the ICOMOS 15th General Assembly and Scientific Symposium. Volume 1" (eng). Incl. bibl. and abstract.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; historic monuments; historic gardens; urbanization; surroundings of
historic monuments; setting; destruction of cultural heritage; cultural heritage at risk; Pakistan.
// Fort and Shalamar Gardens in Lahore, Pakistan (WHC 171-172)
033664 - Disaster prevention measures at Lahore Fort and Shalamar Garden in Lahore. Ahmad, Maqsood. Nara,
ACCU, 2008. p. 69-81, illus., maps, plans. In: "2nd International Conference on risk Management: Planning risk
preparedness for cultural heritage against natural disasters. (16-18 January 2008, Nara, Japan)" (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic gardens; forts; historic monuments; world heritage list; legal protection; world
heritage in danger; risk preparedness; natural disasters; seismic areas; earthquakes; earthquake damage; floods; risk
management; Pakistan.
// Fort and Shalamar gardens in Lahore, Pakistan (WHC 172)
ACCESSION NO: 15636. CALL NO: Ri.151.
204
1997 - Rohtas Fort / Fort de Rohtas (Criteria ii - iv)
Brief description
Following his defeat of the Mughal emperor Humayun in 1541, Sher Shah Suri built a strong fortified
complex at Rohtas, a strategic site in the north of what is now Pakistan. It was never taken by storm
and has survived intact to the present day. The main fortifications consist of the massive walls, which
extend for more than 4 km; they are lined with bastions and pierced by monumental gateways. Rohtas
Fort, also called Qila Rohtas, is an exceptional example of early Muslim military architecture in Central
and South Asia.
Briève description
Après avoir vaincu l'empereur moghol Humayun en 1541, Sher Shah Suri a construit un ensemble
d'ouvrages défensifs à Rohtas, site stratégique dans le nord de l'actuel Pakistan. Le fort de Rohtas n'a
jamais été pris d'assaut et subsiste intact aujourd'hui. Les fortifications principales sont constituées de
murs massifs qui s'étendent sur plus de 4 km ; elles comportent des bastions et sont percées de
portes monumentales. Le fort de Rohtas, ou Qila Rohtas, est un exemple exceptionnel des débuts de
l'architecture militaire musulmane dans cette région d'Asie.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
017723 - Fort de Rohtas. 60 slides : col. (eng). From WHC 586 listed in 1997; 3 pages typescript.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: fortified architecture; world heritage list; forts; gates; ramparts; mosques; temples;
courtyards; damage; Pakistan. SECONDARY KEYWORDS: slides.
// Rohtas Fort, Pakistan (WHC 586)
CALL NO: PK.ROH.09 : 1-60 (WHC 586).
Papua New Guinea / Papouise-Nouvelle Guinée
2008 - Kuk Early Agricultural Site / L’ancien site agricole de Kuk (Criteria iii - iv)
Brief description
Kuk Early Agricultural Site consists of 116 ha of swamps in the southern highlands of New Guinea
1,500 metres above sea-level. Archaeological excavation has revealed the landscape to be one of
wetland reclamation worked almost continuously for 7,000, and possibly for 10,000 years. It contains
well-preserved archaeological remains demonstrating the technological leap which transformed plant
exploitation to agriculture around 6,500 years ago. It is an excellent example of transformation of
agricultural practices over time, from cultivation mounds to draining the wetlands through the digging
of ditches with wooden tools. Kuk is one of the few places in the world where archaeological evidence
205
suggests independent agricultural development and changes in agricultural practice over such a long
period of time.
Briève description
L‟ancien site agricole de Kuk, en Papouasie Nouvelle Guinée, comprend 116 ha de marécages dans
le sud de l‟île de la Nouvelle-Guinée, à 1500 m d‟altitude. Des fouilles archéologiques ont révélé que
ces marais ont été cultivés presque continuellement depuis 7000, voire 10 000 ans. Le site présente
des vestiges archéologiques bien conservés montrant l‟évolution technologique qui a transformé
l‟exploitation des plantes en agriculture, il y a environ 6500 ans. C‟est un excellent exemple
d‟évolution des pratiques agricoles à travers les âges depuis la culture sur des buttes jusqu‟au
drainage des marécages par le creusement de fossés avec des outils en bois. Kuk est l‟un des rares
endroits au monde où des vestiges archéologiques montrent un développement indépendant de
l‟agriculture sur sept à dix millénaires.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
Philippines
1993- Tubbataha Reef Marine Park / Parc marin du récif de Tubbataha
Brief description
The Tubbataha Reef Marine Park covers 33,200 ha, including the North and South Reefs. It is a
unique example of an atoll reef with a very high density of marine species; the North Islet serveing as
a nesting site for birds and marine turtles. The site is an excellent example of a pristine coral reef with
a spectacular 100-m perpendicular wall, extensive lagoons and two coral islands.
Briève description
Couvrant 33 200 ha, ce parc marin comprend deux atolls, North Reef et South Reef. On y trouve une
très forte densité d‟espèces marines. L‟îlot du nord est un lieu de nidification pour les oiseaux et les
tortues marines. Le site est un excellent exemple d‟atoll corallien parfaitement préservé, avec un mur
vertical spectaculaire de 100 m de haut, de vastes lagunes et deux îlots de corail.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
016764 - Description of the Tubbataha Reef National Marine Park and World Natural Heritage Site. Quisumbing,
Lourdes. Paris, UNESCO, 1999. p.136-140. In: World Natural Heritage and the local community (eng). Incl.bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; natural heritage; management; local communities; local level; community
participation; Philippines.
// UNESCO // Tubbaha Reef Marine Park, Philippines (WHC 653)
206
1993- Baroque Churches of the Philippines / Églises baroques des Philippines
(Criteria ii - iv)
Brief description
These four churches, the first of which was built by the Spanish in the late 16th century, are located in
Manila, Santa Maria, Paoay and Miag-ao. Their unique architectural style is a reinterpretation of
European Baroque by Chinese and Philippine craftsmen.
Briève description
Ces quatre églises, situées dans les villes de Manille, Santa Maria, Paoay et Miag, et dont la première
e
fut construite dès la fin du XVI siècle par les Espagnols, sont représentatives d'un style unique en son
genre où le baroque européen a été réinterprété par les artisans philippins et chinois.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
013923 - Baroque Churches of the Philippines, Philippines. (s.l.), (s.n.), (s.d.). 27 slides: col. + 4 slides(plans). (eng).
Listed as WHC 677 in 1993. No legend.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; baroque architecture; churches; fortified architecture; Philippines.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: walls; roofs; facades; slides.
// Baroque Churches of the Philippines (Philippines)
CALL NO: PH.CHU.01: 1-27. (restricted).
013969 - The Unesco World Heritage Committee honors the Philippines. Villalón, Augusto F. Philippines, Santa
Barbara Publishing House, 1994. p. 58-66, illus. (Design and Architecture. III, 2) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; 16th; 17th; 20th; Philippines.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: Baroque; churches; monasteries; gardens.
// Baroque churches (Philippines) (WHC 677) // Nuestra Señora de la Asunción, Santa María (Ilocos)
013970 - The Filipino heritage and the augustinian contribution. Steger, Barbara. Philippines, Santa Barbara
Publishing House, 1994. p. 66-72, illus. (Design and Architecture. III, 2) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; churches; missions; convents; Philippines.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: colonial architecture. // Paoay, Ilocos Norte (Philippines (WHC 677) // Santa María,
Ilocos Sur (Philippines) (WHC 677)
014270 - Trails to Tropical Treasures : A tour of ASEAN's cultural heritage. A tour of ASEAN's cultural heritage.
US/ICOMOS; World Monuments Fund. Washington, US/ICOMOS, World Monument Fund, 1992. 64 p., illus., maps.
(eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: cultural heritage; World heritage list; architectural heritage; national level; South East Asia.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: legislation; threats; cultural organizations.
// Association of Southeast Asian Nations // Borobodur (Indonesia) // Ayutthaya (Thailand) // Baroque Bohol churches
(Philippines)
027025 - Periodic Report: Baroque Churches. National Commision for Culture and the Arts. Heritage Sites UnitSpecial Projects Division, Philippines. [Paris], [UNESCO], [2003]. 30p. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage convention; world heritage list; periodic reports; baroque architecture;
churches; religious architecture; conservation; management; authenticity; Philippines.
// Baroque Churches, Philippines (WHC 677)
207
1995- Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras / Rizières en terrasses des
cordillères des Philippines (Criteria iii - iv - v)
Brief description
For 2,000 years, the high rice fields of the Ifugao have followed the contours of the mountains. The
fruit of knowledge handed down from one generation to the next, and the expression of sacred
traditions and a delicate social balance, they have helped to create a landscape of great beauty that
expresses the harmony between humankind and the environment.
Briève description
Depuis 2 000 ans, les rizières d'altitude des Ifugao épousent les courbes des montagnes. Fruit d'un
savoir-faire transmis de génération en génération, des traditions sacrées et d'un équilibre social
délicat, elles créent un paysage d'une grande beauté où se lit l'harmonie conquise et préservée entre
l'homme et l'environnement.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
016674 - The cultural landscapes of the Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras. Villalon, Augusto F. Jena;
Stuttgart; New York, G. Fischer, 1995. p. 108-113, illus. (Cultural Landscapes of Universal Value: components of a
global strategy) (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: cultural landscapes; world heritage list; ecology; agriculture; cultural heritage; Philippines.
// Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras, Philippines (WHC 722)
017114 - On danse encore sur les escaliers du ciel. Yuson, Alfred A. Paris, UNESCO, 2000. p.31-33, illus. (Le
courrier de l'UNESCO. Décembre 2000) (fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; cultural landscapes; agriculture; aboriginal cultures; Philippines.
// Rice terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras, Philippines (WHC 722)
021614 - Report on the Regional Thematic Study Meeting on the Asian Rice Culture and its Terraced Landscapes.
Villalon, Augusto F. Victoria, Australian Heritage Commission, 1995. 3 p. (eng). In: "Indigenous cultural landscapes
and world heritage listing".
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: cultural landscapes; agriculture; world heritage list; Philippines.
// The Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras, Philippines (WHC 722)
022087 - Spiritual values versus the reality of physical survival ot the rice terraces of the philippine cordilleras. Villalón,
Augusto. Tokyo, UNESCO WHC, 2001. p. 189-203, illus. (eng). In: "UNESCO thematic expert meeting on Asia-Pacific
sacred mountains. Final report".
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: cultural landscapes; world heritage list; sacred places; Philippines.
// Rice terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras, Philippines (WHC 722)
028414 - World Heritage- Linking Cultural and Biological Diversity. Rössler, Mechtild. New York, Cambridge University
Press, 2006. p. 201-205. In: "Art and cultural heritage: law, policy and practice" (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world cultural heritage; cultural heritage; natural heritage; cultural landscapes; biodiversity;
sacred places; intangible heritage; management; cultural heritage at risk.
208
// The Cinque Terre, Italy // The Quadisha Valley (Lebanon) // Sukur Cultural Landscape (Nigeria) // The Philippines
Rice Terraces (Philippines)
ACCESSION NO: 15005. CALL NO: LOI 138. ISBN: 0-521-85764-3.
1999- Historic town of Vigan / Ville historique de Vigan (Criteria ii - iv)
Brief description
Established in the 16th century, Vigan is the best-preserved example of a planned Spanish colonial
town in Asia. Its architecture reflects the coming together of cultural elements from elsewhere in the
Philippines, from China and from Europe, resulting in a culture and townscape that have no parallel
anywhere in East and South-East Asia.
Briève description
e
Vigan est l'exemple le plus intact de ville coloniale espagnole fondée au XVI siècle en Asie. Son
architecture reflète la réunion d'éléments culturels en provenance d'autres régions des Philippines, de
Chine et d'Europe, créant une culture unique et un paysage urbain sans équivalent en ExtrêmeOrient.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
017719 - Historic town of Vigan. 7 slides : col. (eng). From WHC 502 listed in 1999; 1 page typescript; 2 slides copies.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic town centres; world heritage list; colonial architecture; museums; cathedrals;
Philippines.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: slides. // Historic town of Vigan, Philippines (WHC 502)
CALL NO: PH.VIG.02 : 1-7 (WHC 502).
017720 - Historic town of Vigan. 15 slides : col. (eng). From WHC 502 listed in 1999.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic town centres; world heritage list; colonial architecture; museums; cathedrals; maps;
Philippines.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: slides. // Historic town of Vigan, Philippines (WHC 502)
CALL NO: PH.VIG.03 : 1-15 (WHC 502).
Incl. bibl.
(WHC 502)
030847 - Establishing tourism priorities in Philippine World Heritage Properties. Villalon, Augusto. Seoul, ICOMOSKorea, 2006. p. 127-136, illus. In: "Impact of mass tourism on historic villages : identifying key indicators of tourism
impact" (eng). Incl. abstract in English and Korean.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic towns ; cultural tourism; world heritage list; tourism management; master plans;
overvisiting; Philippines.
// Historic Town of Vigan, Pilippines (WHC 502 rev)
209
1999- Puerto-Princesa Subterranean River National Park / Parc national de la
rivière souterraine de Puerto Princesa (Criteria vii - x)
Brief description
This park features a spectacular limestone karst landscape with an underground river. One of the
river's distinguishing features is that it emerges directly into the sea, and its lower portion is subject to
tidal influences. The area also represents a significant habitat for biodiversity conservation. The site
contains a full 'mountain-to-sea' ecosystem and has some of the most important forests in Asia.
Briève description
Ce parc offre un paysage karstique spectaculaire avec sa rivière souterraine qui se jette dans la mer
et subit l'influence des marées. Le site est un habitat important pour la conservation de la diversité
biologique. Il comprend un écosystème « montagne-mer » complet et abrite des forêts parmi les plus
significatives de l'Asie.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
2009- Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park / Parc naturel du récif de Tubbataha
Brief description
The Tubbataha Reef Marine Park covers 33,200 ha, including the North and South Reefs. It is a
unique example of an atoll reef with a very high density of marine species; the North Islet serving as a
nesting site for birds and marine turtles. The site is an excellent example of a pristine coral reef with a
spectacular 100-m perpendicular wall, extensive lagoons and two coral islands.
Briève description
Couvrant 33 200 ha, ce parc marin comprend deux atolls, North Reef et South Reef. On y trouve une
très forte densité d‟espèces marines. L‟îlot du nord est un lieu de nidification pour les oiseaux et les
tortues marines. Le site est un excellent exemple d‟atoll corallien parfaitement préservé, avec un mur
vertical spectaculaire de 100 m de haut, de vastes lagunes et deux îlots de corail.
210
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
016764 - Description of the Tubbataha Reef National Marine Park and World Natural Heritage Site. Quisumbing,
Lourdes. Paris, UNESCO, 1999. p.136-140. In: World Natural Heritage and the local community (eng). Incl.bibl.
participation; Philippines.
// UNESCO // Tubbaha Reef Marine Park, Philippines (WHC 653)
Republic of Korea / République de Corée
1995- Seokguram Grotto and Bulguksa Temple / Grotte de Seokguram et
temple Bulguksa (Criteria i - iv)
Brief description
Established in the 8th century on the slopes of Mount T'oham, the Seokguram Grotto contains a
monumental statue of the Buddha looking at the sea in the bhumisparsha mudra position. With the
surrounding portrayals of gods, Bodhisattvas and disciples, all realistically and delicately sculpted in
high and low relief, it is considered a masterpiece of Buddhist art in the Far East. The Temple of
Bulguksa (built in 774) and the Seokguram Grotto form a religious architectural complex of exceptional
significance.
Briève description
e
Aménagée au VIII siècle sur les pentes du mont T'oham, la grotte de Seokguram renferme une statue
monumentale de Bouddha regardant la mer dans la position bhumisparsha mudra. Avec les
représentations de divinités, de bodhisattva et de disciples qui l'entourent, sculptées en hauts reliefs et
bas reliefs avec délicatesse et réalisme, c'est un chef-d'œuvre de l'art bouddhique d'Extrême-Orient.
Le temple de Bulguksa, construit en 774, forme avec la grotte un ensemble d'architecture religieuse
d'une valeur exceptionnelle.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
211
1995- Haeinsa Temple Janggyeong Panjeon, the Depositories for the Tripitaka
Koreana Woodblocks / Temple d'Haeinsa Janggyeong Panjeon, les dépôts des
tablettes du Tripitaka Koreana (Criteria iv - vi)
Brief description
The Temple of Haeinsa, on Mount Kaya, is home to the Tripitaka Koreana, the most complete
collection of Buddhist texts, engraved on 80,000 woodblocks between 1237 and 1248. The buildings
of Janggyeong Pangeon, which date from the 15th century, were constructed to house the
woodblocks, which are also revered as exceptional works of art. As the oldest depository of the
Tripitaka, they reveal an astonishing mastery of the invention and implementation of the conservation
techniques used to preserve these woodblocks.
Briève description
Le temple d'Haeinsa, sur le mont Kaya, abrite le Tripitaka Koreana, collection la plus complète de
textes du canon bouddhiste, gravés sur 80 000 tablettes de bois entre 1237 et 1248. Destinés à
recevoir ces tablettes Ŕ documents vénérés autant qu'œuvre d'art exceptionnelle Ŕ, les bâtiments du
e
Janggyeong Panjeon datent du XV siècle et sont les plus anciens dépôts du Tripitaka. Ils démontrent
une maîtrise stupéfiante dans la conception et la mise en œuvre des techniques de conservation de
ces tablettes de bois.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
016748 - World heritage in Korea. Kiong-hee, Lee. Seoul, Organizing Commitee of the Year of Cultural Heritage 1997,
Samsung Foundation of Culture, 1997. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; world cultural heritage; temples; palaces; buddhist architecture; citadels;
fortifications; Republic of Korea.
// Sokkuram Grotto and Pulkusa Temple, Republic of Korea (WHC 736) // Chongmyo Shrine, Republic of Korea(WHC
738) // Tripitaka Koreana at Haeinsa Temple, Republic of Korea (WHC 737) // Changdok Palace(Chiangdokkung),
Republic of Korea(WHC 816) // Hwasong Fortress, Republic of Korea(WHC817)
016997 - 1999 Nara Seminar Report: Development and integrity of historic cities. Nara, Japan, 1999. Commemoration
for the World Heritage Listing of the historic monuments on Ancient Nara. Nara, Nara City, 2000. 60 p. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world cultural heritage; world heritage convention; historic towns; world heritage list.
// Bath, UK (WHC 428) // Nara, Japan (WHC 870) // Kathmandu, Nepal (WHC 121) // Strasbourg, France (WHC 495)
// Istanbul, Turkey (WHC 356) // Hue, Viet Nam (WHC 678) // Hwasong Fortress, Suwon, Republic of Korea (WHC
817) // Xi'an, China // Kyoto, Japan (WHC 688) // Barcelona, Spain // Luang Prabang, Lao (WHC 479 rev)
017211 - Suwon (Republic of Korea). Douk Sim, Jae. Nara, Nara City, 2000. p. 50-51. (eng). In : "1999 Nara Seminar
Report : development and integrity of historic cities".
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; historic towns; conservation policy; Korea R.
// Hwason Fortress, Republic of Korea (WHC 817)
018544 - Haeinsa. Kyong-Hee, Lee. Madrid, UNESCO, 1998. p.36-45, illus., maps. (World heritage Review. 8, 1998)
(same text in eng, fre, spa). Haeinsa. fre. Haeinsa. spa.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: buddhist architecture; world heritage list; temples; wooden architecture; sacred places;
Korea R.
// Haeinsa Temple Changgyong P'ango, the Deposatories for the Tripitaka Koreana Woodblocks, Republic of Korea
(WHC 737)
034134 - Hwaseong embodies reformist ideals of Joseon Monarch. Sam-yun, Kwon; Sang-hee, Lee (phot.). Seul,
Korean Heritage Administration, 2008. p. 7-12, illus. (Korean Heritage. 1, 3) (eng).
212
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: fortifications; world heritage list; military architecture; Korean R.
// Joseon Dinasty // Hwaseong Fortress, Korean R. (WHC 817)
1995- Jongmyo Shrine / Sanctuaire de Jongmyo (Criterion iv)
Brief description
Jongmyo is the oldest and most authentic of the Confucian royal shrines to have been preserved.
Dedicated to the forefathers of the Choson dynasty (1392Ŕ1910), the shrine has existed in its present
form since the 16th century and houses tablets bearing the teachings of members of the former royal
family. Ritual ceremonies linking music, song and dance still take place there, perpetuating a tradition
that goes back to the 14th century.
Briève description
Jongmyo, dédié aux ancêtres de la dynastie Choson (1392-1910), est le plus ancien et le plus
authentique des sanctuaires royaux confucéens conservés aujourd'hui. Son aspect actuel date du
e
XVI siècle. Il abrite des tablettes portant les enseignements des membres de l'ancienne famille
royale. Des cérémonies rituelles associant musique, chant et danse s'y déroulent encore, perpétuant
e
une tradition remontant au XIV siècle.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
026592 - Jongmyo (Royal Shrine): iconography of Korea. RII, Hae Un. [Paris], [ICOMOS], [2005]. p.103-107. In:
"ICOMOS Scientific Symposium: Place-memory-meaning: preserving intangible values in monuments and sites"
(eng). Incl. bibl. and abstract.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: intangible heritage; world heritage list; shrines; rituals; Korea R.
// Jerye, Jongmyo // Jeryeak, Jongmyo // Jongmyo Shrine, Republic of Korea (WHC 738) // Old city of Seoul, Republic
of Korea
ACCESSION NO: 14852. URL: http://www.international.icomos.org/victoriafalls2003/papers/A2-7- UnRii.pdf.
031148 - Alternatives for the management of heritage attractions corresponding to changes in tourists'Demand. Kim,
Kyuho. Seoul, ICOMOS-Korea, 2005. 11p. In: "Managing tourism in historic towns and areas in Asia : 2005 ICOMOS
Regional Conference in Seoul" (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic monuments; historic towns; temples; tourists; statistical analysis; cultural tourism;
tourism management; Korea R.
// Gyeangju, Republic of Korea
1997- Changdeokgung Palace Complex / Ensemble du palais de
Changdeokgung (Criteria ii - iii - iv)
213
Brief description
In the early 15th century, the Emperor T'aejong ordered the construction of a new palace at an
auspicious site. A Bureau of Palace Construction was set up to create the complex, consisting of a
number of official and residential buildings set in a garden that was cleverly adapted to the uneven
topography of the 58-ha site. The result is an exceptional example of Far Eastern palace architecture
and design, blending harmoniously with the surrounding landscape.
Briève description
e
Au début du XV siècle, l'empereur T'aejong a ordonné la construction d'un nouveau palais dans un
lieu propice. Un office de construction du palais a été établi afin de créer cet ensemble constitué d'un
certain nombre de bâtiments officiels et résidentiels édifiés dans un jardin minutieusement adapté à la
topographie irrégulière du site, d'une superficie de 58 ha. Le résultat est un exemple exceptionnel de
la conception extrême-orientale de l'architecture des palais, harmonieusement intégrée à son cadre
naturel.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
016748 - World heritage in Korea. Kiong-hee, Lee. Seoul, Organizing Commitee of the Year of Cultural Heritage 1997,
Samsung Foundation of Culture, 1997. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; world cultural heritage; temples; palaces; buddhist architecture; citadels;
fortifications; Republic of Korea.
// Sokkuram Grotto and Pulkusa Temple, Republic of Korea (WHC 736) // Chongmyo Shrine, Republic of Korea(WHC
738) // Tripitaka Koreana at Haeinsa Temple, Republic of Korea (WHC 737) // Changdok Palace(Chiangdokkung),
Republic of Korea(WHC 816) // Hwasong Fortress, Republic of Korea(WHC817)
1997- Hwaseong Fortress / Forteresse de Hwaseong (Criteria ii - iii)
Brief description
When the Choson emperor Chongjo moved his father's tomb to Suwon at the end of the 18th century,
he surrounded it with strong defensive works, laid out according to the precepts of an influential
military architect of the period, who brought together the latest developments in the field from both
East and West. The massive walls, extending for nearly 6 km, still survive; they are pierced by four
gates and equipped with bastions, artillery towers and other features.
Briève description
Lorsque l'empereur Chongjo, de la dynastie Choson, a transféré le tombeau de son père à Suwon à la
e
fin du XVIII siècle, il l'a entouré d'importants ouvrages défensifs conçus selon les préceptes d'un
influent architecte militaire de l'époque, qui alliait les dernières découvertes de l'Orient et de l'Occident
en ce domaine. Les remparts massifs, qui s'étendent sur presque 6 km, percés de quatre portes et
dotés de bastions, de tours d'artillerie et d'autres éléments, subsistent toujours.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
016117 - The Hwasong wall construction process. (kor). Reproduction of the illustrated manuscript.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; military architecture; walls; building techniques; Korea. // Hwasong
Fortress, R. Korea (WHC 817) ACCESSION NO: 13536.
214
016954 - Forteresse de Hwasong. 50 slides: col. (eng). From WHC 817 listed in 1997.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; military architecture; citadels; walls; palaces; Republic of Korea.
// Hwasung Fortress, Republic of Korea (WHC 817)
CALL NO: KR.HWA.04:1-50 (WHC 817).
2000 - Gyeongju Historic Areas / Zones historiques de Gyeongju (Criteria ii - iii)
Brief description
The Gyeongju Historic Areas contain a remarkable concentration of outstanding examples of Korean
Buddhist art, in the form of sculptures, reliefs, pagodas, and the remains of temples and palaces from
the flowering, in particular between the 7th and 10th centuries, of this form of unique artistic
expression.
Briève description
Les zones historiques de Gyeongju contiennent une remarquable concentration d'exemples
exceptionnels de l'art bouddhiste coréen sous forme de sculptures, de reliefs, de pagodes et de
vestiges de temples et de palais datant de la période qui a vu s'épanouir cette forme d'expression
e
e
artistique unique, en particulier du VII au X siècle.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
017073 - Gyeongju Namsan. Gyeongju National Research Institute of Cultural Properties, Korea. Gyeongju, GNRJC,
2000. 448 p., illus. (same text in eng, kor). Incl. list of plates.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; buddhist architecture; natural heritage; archaeological heritage; buddhas;
religious architecture; temples; pagodas; funerary architecture; tombs; citadels; Republic of Korea.
// Kyongju Historic Areas, Rep. of Korea (WHC 976)
2000 - Gochang, Hwasun, and Ganghwa Dolmen Sites / Sites de dolmens de
Gochang, Hwasun et Ganghwa (Criterion iii)
Brief description
The prehistoric cemeteries at Gochang, Hwasun, and Ganghwa contain many hundreds of examples
of dolmens - tombs from the 1st millennium B.C. constructed of large stone slabs. They form part of
the Megalithic culture, found in many parts of the world, but nowhere in such a concentrated form.
215
Briève description
Les cimetières préhistoriques de Gochang, Hwasun et Ganghwa abritent des centaines de dolmens Ŕ
er
sépultures faites d'énormes dalles de pierre datant du I millénaire av. J.-C.. Ils appartiennent à la
culture mégalithique que l'on retrouve en de nombreux autres endroits du globe, mais jamais en si
forte concentration.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
017564 - Sites de dolmens de Koch'ang, Hwasun et Kanghwa. 51 slides : col. (eng). From WHC 977 listed in 2000 ; 3
pages typescript.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: prehistoric sites; archaeological sites; world heritage list; buddhas; dolmens; Korea R.
// Koch'ang, Hwasun and Kanghwa Dolmens sites, Republic of Korea (WHC 977)
CALL NO: KR. DOL. 06 : 1-51 (WHC 977).
Saudi Arabia / Arabie Saoudite
2010 - At-Turaif District in ad-Dir'iyah / District d’at-Turaif à ad-Dir’iyah
(Criteria iv - v - vi)
Brief description
This property was the first capital of the Saudi Dynasty, in the heart of the Arabian Penisula, northwest of Riyadh. Founded in the 15th century, it bears witness to the Najdi architectural style, which is
specific to the centre of the Arabian peninsula. In the 18th and early 19th century, its political and
religious role increased, and the citadel at at-Turaif became the centre of the temporal power of the
House of Saud and the spread of the Wahhabi reform inside the Muslim religion. The property
includes the remains of many palaces and an urban ensemble built on the edge of the ad-Dir‟iyah
oasis.
At-Turaif District is located on a low limestone plateau in the wadi-based oasis in Ad-Dir'iyah. The site
is an urban an architectural monument extending over some 29 hectares. Ad-Dir'iyah became at the
end of the 18th century, a powerful centre under the rule of the House of Saud, who developed it with
imposing palaces built in a distinctive and confident style.
Criterion (iv): The property is a unique example of the Najdi architectural and decorative style, which
only developed in the heart of the Arabian Peninsula. It illustrates the ingenious use of adobe, a
universally employed material used here with great originality to cope with the extreme desert climate
of central Arabia and to provide acceptable living conditions.
The site of at-Turaif bears witness to great urban coherence, whose social, political, spiritual and
religious functions have developed simultaneously and organically alongside the property.
The citadel district of at-Turaif is evidence of an original architectural and decorative use of adobe,
forming a clearly identified regional style, consists of a large and diversified urban and palace
216
ensemble in an oasis setting and bears witness to the combination of a building method that is well
adapted to its environment, the use of adobe in major palatial complexes, along with a special sense
of geometrical decoration.
Criterion (v): The site of at-Turaif District in ad-Dirâyah illustrates a significant phase in the human
settlement of the central Arabian plateau, when in the mid-18th century Ad-Dir‟iyah became the capital
of an independent Arab State. At-Turaif District in Ad-Dir‟yah is an outstanding example of traditional
human settlement developed in a desert environment.
Located along one of the major wadis of Arabia, the settlement of Ad-Dir‟iyah exemplifies the intimate
link between landscape, natural resources and the human efforts to use the land. The rich water table
close to the surface and the fertile lands of the banks of Wadi Hanifah permitted the growth of a large
wadi-based oasis settlement that created its political and administrative centre in At-Turaif.
The clay used to build the houses and palaces of at-Turaif was directly obtained from the Wadi
Hanifah bed, whose alluvial deposits are composed largely of adhesive clay naturally mixed with silt
and sand, while the water was drawn from wells dug down to the water table. These wells were
operated by donkeys and camels.
The wells represent the evolution of an age-old system whose origin might reach back to the second
millennium BC, and some of them are still visible in the site, a living memory of the traditional farming
techniques.
Criterion (vi): The significance of at-Turaif District in ad-Dir‟iyah, is also intimately connected with the
teaching of the great reformer Shaikh Mohammed Bin Abdul Wahab who lived, preached and died in
the city. From ad-Dirâyah, following the alliance with Mohammad Bin Saud in 1745, the message of
the Reform has reverberated through the Arabian Peninsula and the Muslim world.
The followers of this movement saw themselves as adherents of the faith and practices of the early
Muslims and called for the return of Muslims to the pure and original teachings of the Qur‟an and the
sunna (the traditions of the Prophet Mohammad) and for the purification of the religious beliefs and
practices from the innovations and deviations (bida) that accumulated over the centuries and were
added to the teachings of Islam.
The Reform produced a formidable state and central authority that unified Arabia and imposed peace
and order on its nomads and settled people for the first time since the time of the caliphs. It also
brought about reforms that influenced the social practices of the Arabian people, and inspired the
thoughts of many Muslim reformers since the 18th century.
Brève description
Ce site fut la première capitale de la dynastie saoudienne, dans le centre de la péninsule arabique, au
nord-ouest de Ryad. Fondée au 15e siècle, elle témoigne du style architectural Nadji, propre au cœur
de la péninsule arabique. Au 15e et au début du 19e siècle, son rôle politique et religieux s'est accru
et la citadelle d'at-Turaif est devenue le centre du pouvoir temporel des Saoud et de la diffusion de la
réforme wahhabite au sein de la religion musulmane. Le bien comprend des vestiges de nombreux
palais et d'un ensemble urbain érigé en bordure de l'oasis ad-Dir'iyah.
Le District d‟at-Turaif est situé sur un plateau calcaire peu élevé, dans l‟oasis d‟ad-Dir'iyah qui s‟étend
le long d‟un oued. Le site est constitué d‟éléments d‟architecture urbaine et couvre environ 29
hectares. À la fin du XVIIIe siècle, ad-Dir'iyah est devenu un centre important sous l‟influence de la
puissante maison des Saoud qui l‟a développé en y bâtissant d‟imposants palais dans un style original
d‟une hardiesse typique.
217
Justification d’inscription
Critère (iv) : Le bien est un exemple unique du style architectural et décoratif Najdi, qui s‟est
développé uniquement au cœur de la péninsule arabique. Il illustre l‟usage ingénieux de l‟adobe, un
matériau universellement employé et utilisé ici avec une grande originalité pour résister au climat
désertique extrême de l‟Arabie centrale et offrir des conditions de vie acceptables.
Le site d‟at-Turaif témoigne d‟une grande cohérence urbaine dont les fonctions sociales, politiques,
spirituelles et religieuses ont évolué simultanément et de manière organique le long du bien.
Le quartier de la citadelle d‟at-Turaif atteste d‟une utilisation architecturale et décorative originale de
l‟adobe, formant un style régional clairement identifié, qui consiste en un vaste ensemble de zones
urbaines diversifiées et de palais au milieu d‟une oasis, et illustre l‟association d‟une méthode de
construction qui est bien adaptée à son environnement, l‟utilisation de l‟adobe dans les principaux
complexes de palais, ainsi qu‟un sens inédit des décors géométriques.
Critère (v) : Le site du District d‟at-Turaif à ad-Dir‟iyah illustre une phase importante de l‟établissement
humain sur le plateau d‟Arabie centrale, lorsque, au milieu du XVIIIe siècle, la ville d‟ad-Dir‟iyah est
devenue la capitale d‟un Etat arabe indépendant. Le quartier d‟at-Turaif à ad-Dir‟iyah est un exemple
exceptionnel d‟établissement humain traditionnel dans un environnement désertique.
Situé le long d‟un des plus importants oueds d‟Arabie, l‟établissement d‟ad-Dir‟iyah donne un exemple
caractéristique des liens intimes entre le paysage, les ressources naturelles et les efforts de la
population pour aménager le territoire. L‟importance de la nappe phréatique proche de la surface et
les terres fertiles des rives de l‟oued Hanifah ont permis le développement d‟un grand foyer de
peuplement dans l‟oasis alimentée par l‟oued, qui a créé son centre politique et administratif à atTuraif.
La matière première utilisée pour la construction des maisons et palais d‟at-Turaif provenait
directement du lit de l‟oued Hanifah aux dépôts alluviaux surtout constitués d‟un mélange naturel
d‟argile adhésive, de vase et de sable. L‟eau était tirée de puits alimentés par la nappe phréatique et
fonctionnant à l‟aide d‟ânes et de chameaux.
Ces puits témoignent de l‟évolution d‟un système ancestral qui remonterait au IIe millénaire av. J.-C.
Certains de ces puits sont encore visibles sur le site, et sont un vivant rappel des techniques agricoles
traditionnelles.
Critère (vi) : L‟importance du District d‟at-Turaif à ad-Dir‟iyah est aussi intimement liée à
l‟enseignement du cheik Mohammad ben Abdul Wahhab, grand réformateur qui vécut, prêcha et
mourut dans la ville. Après l‟alliance avec Mohammed ben Saoud en 1745, c‟est à partir d‟ad-Dir‟iyah
que le message de la Réforme wahhabite s‟est répandu dans toute la péninsule Arabique, puis dans
le monde musulman.
Les adeptes de ce mouvement se considéraient comme les représentants de la foi et des pratiques
des premiers musulmans. Ils demandaient le retour des musulmans à la pureté d‟origine des
enseignements du Coran et de la sunna (traditions du prophète Mahomet) et réclamaient la
purification des croyances et pratiques religieuses pour se détacher des innovations et déviations
(bida) accumulées au cours des siècles et ajoutées aux enseignements de l‟islam.
La Réforme a produit un Etat puissant et une autorité centralisée qui ont unifié l‟Arabie et imposé la
paix et l‟ordre sur ses nomades, sédentarisant pour la première fois la population depuis l‟époque des
califes. Les réformes également menées ont influencé les pratiques sociales du peuple arabe et ont
inspiré de nombreux réformateurs musulmans depuis le XVIIIe siècle.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
218
Solomon Islands / Iles Salomon
1998- East Rennell / Rennell Est (Criterion ix)
Brief description
East Rennell makes up the southern third of Rennell Island, the southernmost island in the Solomon
Island group in the western Pacific. Rennell, 86 km long x 15 km wide, is the largest raised coral atoll
in the world. The site includes approximately 37,000 ha and a marine area extending 3 nautical miles
to sea. A major feature of the island is Lake Tegano, which was the former lagoon on the atoll. The
lake, the largest in the insular Pacific (15,500 ha), is brackish and contains many rugged limestone
islands and endemic species. Rennell is mostly covered with dense forest, with a canopy averaging 20
m in height. Combined with the strong climatic effects of frequent cyclones, the site is a true natural
laboratory for scientific study. The site is under customary land ownership and management.
Briève description
Rennell Est est situé dans le tiers méridional de Rennell, île la plus australe de l'archipel des Salomon.
Rennell est le plus grand atoll corallien surélevé du monde avec ses 86 km de long et 15 km de large.
Le site couvre environ 37 000 ha et un secteur marin s'étendant jusqu'à trois milles nautiques. Une
des caractéristiques principales de l'île est le lac Tegano, ancien lagon de l'atoll et le plus grand lac du
Pacifique insulaire (15 500 ha). Il est saumâtre et contient de nombreuses îles calcaires accidentées.
Rennell est essentiellement couverte de forêts denses dont la canopée atteint 20 m de hauteur en
moyenne. Avec les effets climatiques marqués de cyclones fréquents, le site est un véritable
laboratoire naturel pour l'étude scientifique. C'est la coutume qui régit la propriété et la gestion du site.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
016759 - Involvement of local people in the management of a proposed World Heritage site at East Rennell, Solomon
Islands. Wingham, Elspeth J.; Devi, Ben. Paris, UNESCO, 1999. p.79-84. (eng). In : "World Natural Heritage and the
local community", Incl.bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; natural sites; Solomon Islands; human environment; local communities;
management; community participation; conservation.
// UNESCO // IUCN // East Rennell, Solomon Islands (WHC 854)
Sri Lanka
1982 - Sacred City of Anuradhapura / Ville sainte d'Anuradhapura (Criteria ii - iii - vi)
219
Brief description
This sacred city was established around a cutting from the 'tree of enlightenment', the Buddha's fig
tree, brought there in the 3rd century B.C. by Sanghamitta, the founder of an order of Buddhist nuns.
Anuradhapura, a Ceylonese political and religious capital that flourished for 1,300 years, was
abandoned after an invasion in 993. Hidden away in dense jungle for many years, the splendid site,
with its palaces, monasteries and monuments, is now accessible once again.
Briève description
Cette ville sacrée s'est établie autour d'une bouture de l'« arbre de l'éveil », le figuier de Bouddha,
e
dont la bouture fut apportée au III siècle av. J.-C. par Sanghamitta, fondatrice d'un ordre bouddhiste
féminin. Anuradhapura, capitale politique et religieuse de Ceylan pendant 1 300 ans, a été
abandonnée en 993 à la suite d'invasions. Longtemps ensevelie sous une jungle épaisse, la ville,
avec ses palais, ses monastères et autres monuments, est de nouveau accessible dans son site
admirable.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
002568 - Selected examples of monuments and sites to illustrate the diversity of the List and the criteria that have
been used in deciding on their inclusion. Marasovic, Tomislav; Hyland, ADC; Ginisty, André; Tschudi-Madsen,
Stephan; Teixeira, Luiz Gonzaga. York, Conseil International des Monuments et des Sites, 1984. p. 69-120, illus.
(Monumentum. 1984, special issue) (same text in fre, eng, spa). World Heritage Convention, 1972.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; historical surveys; architecture history; amphitheatres; palaces; historic
gardens; roman architecture; castles; forts; abbeys; historic towns; historic quarters; docks; archaeological sites;
architectural ensembles; mosques; international campaigns; Tunisia; Germany FR; Yugoslavia; Ghana; France;
Egypt; Norway; Brazil; Pakistan; Tanzania UR; Sri Lanka; Libyan Arab Jamahiriya.
// ICOMOS // Unesco // El Jem (Tunisia) // The Residenz, Würzburg (Germany) // St George's Castle, Elmina (Ghana)
// Cape Coast Castle, Elmina Bay (Ghana) // Vézelay (France) // Islamic City, Cairo (Egypt) // Bryggen, Bergen
(Norway) // Ouro Preto (Brazil) // Moenjodaro (Pakistan) // Leptis Magna (Lybian AR) // Kilwa Kisiwani (Tanzania) //
Sacred City, Anuradhapura (Sri Lanka) // Diocletian's Palace, Split (Croatia)
003022 - Nomination form. Sacred City of Anuradhapura. Ministry of Cultural Affairs (Sri Lanka). sl, Ministry of Cultural
Affairs, 1981. 19 p. (Sacred City of Anuradhapura (Sri Lanka)) (engalso in fre). Ville Sainte d'Anuradhapura. fre. Date
received : 31-12-81/ Laduwahetty, Walter/ Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; archaeological sites; place of pilgrimage; buddhist architecture; stupas;
monasteries; Sri Lanka; nomination forms. SECONDARY KEYWORDS: historical surveys; conservation policy. //
Anuradhapura (Sri Lanka)
003023 - Icomos evaluation. Ville Sainte d'Anuradhapura. Sacred City of Anuradhapura (eng). Icomos. Paris, Icomos,
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; archaeological sites; place of pilgrimage; buddhist architecture;
monasteries; stupas; Sri Lanka; historical surveys. SECONDARY KEYWORDS: evaluations. // Sacred City of
Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka (WHC 200)
003025 - Sri Lanka. Unesco-Sri Lanka project of the Cultural Triangle. Colombo, Ministry of Cultural Affairs, nd. 16 p,
illus. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; archaeological sites; buddhist architecture; protection of historic sites; Sri
Lanka.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: international campaigns; historical surveys; monasteries; temples; stupas; palaces;
caves. // Unesco // Jetavana Vihara, Anuradhapura (Sri Lanka) // Abhayagiri Vihara, Anuradhapura (Sri Lanka) //
Alahana Pirivena, Polonnaruva (Sri Lanka) // Sigiriya (Sri Lanka) // Dambulla (Sri Lanka) // Temple of the SacredTooth Relic, Kandy (Sri Lanka)
ACCESSION NO: 7454.
003026 - Sacred City of Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka. Vorontzoff, Alexis N.; Dupin, Jean. Unesco. [s.l.], [s.n.], [s.d.]. 2
slides : col. (eng). Listed as WHC 200 in 1982. Source: Unesco.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; archaeological sites; buddhist architecture; stupas; Sri Lanka.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: slides; aerial photography. // Anuradhapura (Sri Lanka)
CALL NO: LK.ANU.01:1-2.
003031 - Plan. Abhayagiri Vihara. sl, nd. 1 plan. (Sacred City of Anuradhapura (Sri Lanka)) (eng). Legend : ancient
roads/ modern roads.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; archaeological sites; buddhist architecture; stupas; monasteries; Sri
Lanka; plans. // Abhayagiri Vihara, Anuradhapura (Sri Lanka)
220
003032 - Unesco Sri Lanka Cultural Triangle Project: preliminary report on the conservation of the Abhayagiri Vihara
complex at Anuradhapura. Surath Wickramasinghe Associates. Colombo, Surath Wickramasinghe Associates, 1980.
56 p, illus. (Sacred City of Anuradhapura (Sri Lanka)) (eng). Project report/Incl.bibl.; 5 maps: schematic master plan,
major monuments and orientation of Pirivenas, analysis of existing conditions of monuments, proposed four stage
conservation programme, proposed excavation and documentation grid; 3 diagrams: programme of work, itemized
yearly cost breakdown, percentage breakdown of total estimated cost; plans
photographs: Abhayagiri Dagaba, Lankarama, Ratanapasada Uposathaghara,Bodhigharas, Kuttam Pokuna,
Bhojanasala, monasteries,monuments, sculptures.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; archaeological sites; place of pilgrimage; conservation of historic
monuments; archaeological excavations; buddhist architecture; monasteries; stupas; development projects; Sri Lanka;
reports.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: photographs; land use plans; conservation measures; financial aspects; inscriptions;
sculptures; elevations; lengthwise sections.
// Unesco // Abhayagiri Vihara, Anuradhapura (Sri Lanka) // Lankarama, Anuradhapura (Sri Lanka) // Ratanapasada
Uposathaghara, Anuradhapura (Sri Lanka) // Bodhigharas, Anuradhapura (Sri Lanka) // Kuttam Pokuna,
Anuradhapura (Sri Lanka) // Bhojanasala, Anuradhapura (Sri Lanka)
004603 - Anuradhapura (Nomination Form). Ministry of Cultural Affairs. [Colombo], Ministry of Cultural Affairs, 1981.
41 p, illus., 30x42 cm. (Sacred City of Anuradhapura (Sri Lanka)) (eng). Incl. bibl.; 14 photographs; 23 plans.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; archaeological sites; place of pilgrimage; buddhist architecture;
monasteries; stupas; Sri Lanka; nomination forms.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: historical surveys; photographs; plans; lengthwise sections; elevations; caves; baths;
monumental sculpture; rock cut reliefs; sculptures; pillars; shrines.
// Jetavana Stupa, Anuradhapura (Sri Lanka) // Abhayagiriya, Anuradhapura (Sri Lanka) // Vatadage, Lankarama,
Anuradhapura (Sri Lanka) // Vessagiriya, Anuradhapura (Sri Lanka) // Brazen Palace, Anuradhapura (Sri Lanka) //
Twin Pond, Anuradhapura (Sri Lanka) // Royal Bath, Anuradhapura (Sri Lanka) // Kurunegala, Anuradhapura (Sri
Lanka) // Vijayarama Monastery, Anuradhapura (Sri Lanka) // Vatadage, Thuparama (Sri Lanka)
010102 - International Campaign for the Cultural Triangle of Sri Lanka. Colombo, Central Cultural Fund, Ministry of
Cultural Affairs, 1981. [mul. p.]. (eng). File incl. "Working Group Sessions", "Quarterly of the Cultural Triangle",
"Central Cultural Fund Annual Report".
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: international campaigns; aims and activities; Sri Lanka. SECONDARY KEYWORDS:
archaeological sites; historic monuments; historic sites.
// Anuradhapura (Sri Lanka) // Polonnaruva (Sri Lanka) // Sigiriya (Sri Lanka)
ACCESSION NO: 9659.
012870 - The cultural triangle of Sri Lanka. Silva, Roland; Bandaranayake, Senake; Silva, Nimal de. Central Cultural
Fund (Sri Lanka); UNESCO. Sri Lanka , Central Cultural Fund; Paris, Unesco, 1993. 200 p., illus., photographs. (eng).
Incl. Glossary, bibliography, index.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: archaeological excavations; historic towns; Asia; buddhist architecture; Sri Lanka.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: temples; brick; stupas; palaces; historic gardens; monasteries; international campaigns.
// Anuradhapura (Sri Lanka) // Polonnaruva (Sri Lanka) // Kandy, Dambulla (Sri Lanka)
ACCESSION NO: 12406. ISBN: 92-3-102874 (Unesco) ; 955-613-046-2 (CCF).
013037 - Amongst Asia's earliest surviving gardens : the Royal and monastic gardens at Sigiriya and Anuradhapura.
Bandaranayake, Senake. Icomos International Scientific Committee on Historic Gardens and Sites. Colombo, Sri
National Committee of ICOMOS, Central Cultural Fund, 1993. p. 2-36, illus.,maps, plans. (Central Cultural Fund
Publication n.127 : Historic Gardens and Sites) (eng). Incl. Bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic gardens; royal gardens; monastic gardens; archaeological excavations; Sri Lanka.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: parks; literary references; mountains; inscriptions; plants; case studies; palaces; baths;
terraces; water gardens; water supply; hydrology; pools; pavilions. // Royal gardens, Sigiriya (Sri Lanka) // Royal
Goldfish Park, Anuradhapura (Sri Lanka) ACCESSION NO: 12523. CALL NO: J.H. 287. ISBN: 955-613-033-0.
013953 - Abhayagiri Vihara Project Anuradhapura : First Report of the Archaeological excavations at the Abhayagiri
Vihara Complex (September 1981-April 1982). Wikramagamage, Chandra. olombo, Sri Lanka Central Cultural Fund,
1984. 137 p, illus. (Sri Lanka Central Cultural Fund Publications. 16) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: management of archaeological sites; archaeological excavations; archaeological finds;
monasteries; Sri Lanka. // Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka (WHC 200) // Unesco-Sri Lanka Cultural Triangle Project
013957 - Jetavanaramaya Project - Anuradhapura: first archaeological excavation and research report (January-June
1982). Ratnayake, Hema. Colombo, Sri Lanka Central Cultural Fund, 1984. 188 p., illus., graphs. (Sri Lanka Central
Cultural Fund Publications. 41) (eng). PRIMARY KEYWORDS: management of archaeological sites; archaeological
excavations; archaeological finds; historical surveys; Sri Lanka.
// Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka (WHC 200) ACCESSION NO: 10491. CALL NO: Arch.313.
016372 - Abhayagiri Stupa of Anuradhapura Sri Lanka. Brick conservation. Kulatunga, T.G.; Muthukumarana, Lalith.
Colombo, ICOMOS, 1997. p. 58-64, illus. (Scientific Journal N. 8: New life for old cities) (eng). Journal Scientifique N.
8: La renaissance des villes anciennes.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; stupas; conservation projects; brick; conservation techniques; Sri Lanka.
// Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka (WHC 200) ACCESSION NO: 13694. ISBN: 955-613-054-8.
221
0024381 - Methodology and techniques of Stupa construction in Sri Lanka. Ratnayake, Hema. Sofia, BNC/ICOMOS,
1996. p. 613-616. (eng). In: "11th ICOMOS General Assembly and International symposium: "The heritage and social
changes - symposium papers".
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: building techniques; stupas; world heritage list; Sri Lanka.
// Jetavana Stupa, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka (WHC 200) ACCESSION NO: 14683.
027023 - Periodic Report: Sacred City of Anuradhapura. Archaeological Survey Department (ASD); Central Cultural
Fund (CCF). [Paris], [UNESCO], [2003]. 28p. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage convention; world heritage list; periodic reports; historic towns; sacred places;
archaeological sites; buddhist architecture; place of pilgrimage; conservation; management; monitoring; authenticity;
Sri Lanka.
// Sacred City of Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka (WHC 200)
029130 - Conservation of the sacred city of Anuradhapura with reference to its historic cultural setting and urban
development of the North Central Province of Sri Lanka. Kurukulasuriya, Nimal Veranjan. Xi'an, World Publishing
Corporation, 2005. p. 706-710. In: "Proceedings of the ICOMOS 15th General Assembly and Scientific Symposium.
Volume 2" (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic towns; sacred places; setting; urban development; conservation; world heritage list;
Sri Lanka.
// Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka (WHC 200)
1982 - Ancient City of Polonnaruwa / Cité historique de Polonnaruwa
(Criteria i - iii - vi)
Brief description
Polonnaruwa was the second capital of Sri Lanka after the destruction of Anuradhapura in 993. It
comprises, besides the Brahmanic monuments built by the Cholas, the monumental ruins of the
fabulous garden-city created by Parakramabahu I in the 12th century.
Briève description
Seconde capitale de Sri Lanka après la destruction d'Anuradhapura en 993, Polonnaruwa comprend,
à côté des monuments brahmaniques élevés par les Cholas, les restes monumentaux de la fabuleuse
e
cité-jardin créée au XII siècle par Parakramabahu le Grand.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
illus. (eng).
Lanka.
caves.
// Unesco // Jetavana Vihara, Anuradhapura (Sri Lanka) // Abhayagiri Vihara, Anuradhapura (Sri Lanka) // Alahana
Pirivena, Polonnaruva (Sri Lanka) // Sigiriya (Sri Lanka) // Dambulla (Sri Lanka) // Temple of the Sacred-Tooth Relic,
Kandy (Sri Lanka)
ACCESSION NO: 7454.
222
003027 - Ancient City of Polonnaruva, Sri Lanka. Vorontzoff, Alexis N.; Dupin, Jean. Unesco. [s.l.], [s.n.], [s.d.]. 3
slides : col. (fre). Listed as WHC 201 in 1982. Source: Unesco.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; archaeological sites; buddhist architecture; monumental sculpture; rock
cut architecture; Sri Lanka. SECONDARY KEYWORDS: slides; aerial photography. // Polonnaruva (Sri Lanka)
CALL NO: LK.POL.02:1-3.
003107 - Nomination form. Ancient City of Polonnaruva. Ministry of Cultural Affairs (Sri Lanka). sl, Ministry of Cultural
Affairs, 1981. 18 p. (Ancient City of Polonnaruva (Sri Lanka)) (engalso in fre). Cité historique de Polonnaruva. fre.
Date received : 31-12-81/ Laduwahetty, Walter/ Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; archaeological sites; buddhist architecture; Sri Lanka; nomination forms.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: historical surveys; architecture history; conservation policy; temples; stupas;
monumental sculpture. // Polonnaruva (Sri Lanka)
003108 - Icomos valuation. Cité historique de Polonnaruva. Ancient City of Polonnaruva (eng). Icomos. Paris, Icomos,
1982. 2 p. (Ancient City of Polonnaruva (Sri Lanka)) (same text in eng, fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; archaeological sites; buddhist architecture; Sri Lanka; valuations.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: historical surveys; temples; stupas; monumental sculpture. // Polonnaruva (Sri Lanka)
003136 - Polonnaruwa (Nomination Form). sl, Ministry of Cultural Affairs, 1981. 41 p, illus., 30x42 cm. (Ancient City of
Polonnaruva (Sri Lanka)) (eng). Incl. bibl; 15 plans; 20 photographs.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; archaeological sites; buddhist architecture; stupas; monumental
sculpture; Sri Lanka; nomination forms. SECONDARY KEYWORDS: photographs; plans; elevations; domestic
architecture; columns; wall paintings; baths; monasteries.
// Rankotvehera, Polonnaruva (Sri Lanka) // Mahal Prasada, Polonnaruva (Sri Lanka) // Vatadage, Polonnaruva (Sri
Lanka) // Nissanka Latha Mandapa, Polonnaruva (Sri Lanka) // Thuparama, Polonnaruva (Sri Lanka) // Lankatilleke,
Polonnaruva (Sri Lanka) // Tivanka Pilimage, Polonnaruva (Sri Lanka) // Alahana Pirivena, Polonnaruva (Sri Lanka) //
Siva Devale, Polonnaruva (Sri Lanka) // Seven Storeyed Palace, Polonnaruva (Sri Lanka) // Royal Baths, Polonnaruva
(Sri Lanka) // Council Chamber of King Parakramabahu, Polonnaruva (Sri Lanka) // Council Chamber of King
Nissankamalla, Polonnaruva (Sri Lanka) // Jetavanarama Monastery, Polonnaruva (Sri Lanka) // Potgulvehera,
Polonnaruva (Sri Lanka) // Raja Maligava, Polonnaruva (Sri Lanka) // Kirivehera, Polonnaruva (Sri Lanka)
003153 - Unesco Sri Lanka Cultural Triangle project: Polonnaruwa, Alahana Parivena; development programme.
Panditaratna; Adithiya. Colombo, 1980. 84 p, illus., 30x42 cm. (Ancient City of Polonnaruva (Sri Lanka)) (eng). Project
report, 2 ex./ Incl. 8 maps and plans; 19 photographs.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; archaeological sites; buddhist architecture; development projects;
conservation of historic sites; stupas; Sri Lanka; reports.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: financial aspects; tourism; historical surveys; archaeological excavations; maps;
photographs; rain gauges; mounds; caves.
// Unesco // Lankatilleke, Polonnaruva (Sri Lanka) // Kirivehera, Polonnaruva (Sri Lanka) // Baddhasimapasada,
Polonnaruva (Sri Lanka) // Rankotvehera, Polonnaruva (Sri Lanka) // Menikvehera, Polonnaruva (Sri Lanka) //
Gopalapabbata, Polonnaruva (Sri Lanka) // Kuti, Polonnaruva (Sri Lanka) // Pokuna, Polonnaruva (Sri Lanka) //
Alahana Pirivena, Polonnaruva (Sri Lanka)
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: international campaigns; aims and activities; Sri Lanka.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: archaeological sites; historic monuments; historic sites.
ACCESSION NO: 9659.
014021 - The cultural triangle of Sri Lanka : International campaign. Guruge, Amanda W.P.; Kulatunga, T.G.;
Amarasedera, Athula; Ratnayake, Hema; Sirisena, Tudor W.; Prematilleke, P.L.; Karunaratne, L.K.; Bandaranayake,
Senake; Alwis, Lakshman; Silva, Nimal de; Silva, Roland; Ellepola, Chandana. Colombo, Central Cultural Fund, 1994.
74 p., illus. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: Management of archaeological sites; archaeological excavations; World heritage list; Sri
Lanka. SECONDARY KEYWORDS: international campaigns; sponsorship; projects. // Anuradhapura (Sri Lanka) //
Polonnaruva (Sri Lanka) // Sigiriya (Sri Lanka) // Dambulla (Sri Lanka) // Kandy (Sri Lanka) // Cultural Complex,
Colombo (Sri Lanka) ACCESSION NO: 12936. CALL NO: Arch. 321. ISBN: 955-613-051-9.
018709 - Polonnaruva: the Medieval Capital of Sri Lanka. Colombo; Paris, UNESCO, 1993. 12 p., illus. (same text in
eng, dut). Polonnaruva: De middeleeuwse hoofstad van Sri Lanka . dut. Incl. photographs.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic towns; world heritage list; archaeological sites; buddhist architecture; historic
monuments; historical surveys; photographs; Sri Lanka.
223
// Polonnaruva, Sri Lanka ( WHC 201)
027022 - Periodic Report: Ancient City of Polonnaruwa. Archaeological Survey Department (ASD); Central Cultural
Fund (CCF). [Paris], [UNESCO], [2003]. 23p. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage convention; world heritage list; periodic reports; conservation; archaeological
sites; buddhist architecture; rock cut architecture; management; Sri Lanka.
// Ancient City of Polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka (WHC 201)
1982 - Ancient City of Sigiriya / Ville ancienne de Sigiriya (Criteria ii - iii - iv)
Brief description
The ruins of the capital built by the parricidal King Kassapa I (477Ŕ95) lie on the steep slopes and at
the summit of a granite peak standing some 370 m high (the 'Lion's Rock', which dominates the jungle
from all sides). A series of galleries and staircases emerging from the mouth of a gigantic lion
constructed of bricks and plaster provide access to the site.
Briève description
Sur les pentes abruptes et au sommet d'un rocher de pierre rouge haut de 370 m, le « Rocher du Lion
», qui domine la jungle de toutes parts, subsistent les ruines de la citadelle dont le roi parricide
Kassyapa (477-495) fit sa capitale. Une série de galeries et d'escaliers qui débouchent dans la gueule
d'un lion colossal construit en brique et en plâtre permettent d'accéder au site.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
003024 - Ancient City of Sigiriya, Sri Lanka. Vorontzoff, Alexis N. Unesco. Paris, Unesco, [s.d.]. 2 slides : col. (fre).
Listed as WHC 202 in 1982.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; archaeological sites; buddhist architecture; rock cut architecture; historic
gardens; citadels; wall paintings; frescoes; Sri Lanka.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: slides; aerial photography. // Sigiriya (Sri Lanka)
CALL NO: LK.SIG.03:1-2.
illus. (eng).
Lanka. SECONDARY KEYWORDS: international campaigns; historical surveys; monasteries; temples; stupas;
palaces; caves.
Kandy (Sri Lanka)
ACCESSION NO: 7454.
003030 - Slide. Sigiriya. Unesco. Paris, Unesco, nd. 1 slide: col. (Ancient City of Sigiriya (Sri Lanka)) (fre). Série
Unesco "Sauvons notre Patrimoine Culturel" N0 16.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; archaeological sites; rock cut architecture; monumental sculpture; Sri
Lanka; slides.
// Sigiriya (Sri Lanka)
ACCESSION NO: WHC 202. CALL NO: Slide: 4.
003174 - Nomination form. Ancient City of Sigiriya. Ministry of Cultural Affairs (Sri Lanka). sl, Ministry of Cultural
Affairs, 1981. 10 p. (Ancient City of Sigiriya (Sri Lanka)) (engalso in fre). Ville ancienne de Sigiriya. fre. Date received :
31-12-81/ Laduwahetty, Walter/ Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; archaeological sites; military architecture; rock cut architecture; Sri Lanka;
nomination forms.
224
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: historical surveys; conservation policy; citadels; wall paintings; historic gardens. //
Sigiriya (Sri Lanka)
003175 - Icomos valuation. La Ville ancienne de Sigiriya. Ancient City of Sigiriya (eng). Icomos. Paris, Icomos, 1982.
2 p. (Ancient City of Sigiriya (Sri Lanka)) (same text in eng, fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; archaeological sites; rock cut architecture; military architecture; Sri Lanka;
valuations.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: historical surveys; citadels; wall paintings; historic gardens.
003176 - Photo. Aerial view of the rock-fortress of Sigiriya [5th century A.D.]. Vorontzoff, Alexis N. Paris, Unesco,
1980. 1 photo : b
w, 18x24 cm. (Ancient City of Sigiriya (Sri Lanka)) (same text in eng, fre). Le rocher-forteresse de Sigiriya [Ve s. après
J.C.] vu d'avion. fre. International campaign for the safeguard of sites and monuments in the "cultural Triangle".
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; archaeological sites; rock cut architecture; citadels; Sri Lanka;
photographs.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: aerial photography; international campaigns. // Sigiriya (Sri Lanka)
003177 - L' Art de l'antique Sri Lanka. Van Lohuizen de Leeuw, J.E. Paris, Unesco, 1981. p. 238-244, illus. (Museum.
4) (fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; archaeological sites; buddhist architecture; historic monuments; Sri
Lanka. SECONDARY KEYWORDS: historical surveys; monasteries; archaeological excavations; rock paintings;
sculptures; stupas; customs and traditions.
// Sigiriya (Sri Lanka) // Anuradhapura (Sri Lanka) // Polonnaruva (Sri Lanka)
003198 - Sigiriya water gardens: a Unesco Sri Lanka Cultural Triangle project. Volume 1. Selvaratnam; Perera. [sl],
[1981]. 68 p, illus, 30x42 cm. (Ancient City of Sigiriya (Sri Lanka)) (eng). Project report. Incl. bibl.; map of Sri Lanka
showing the Cultural Triangle; location plan of Sigiriya; Sigiriyan reservation; grid plan; 27 photographs.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; archaeological sites; rock cut architecture; citadels; historic gardens;
conservation of historic sites; development projects; archaeological excavations; Sri Lanka; reports.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: historical surveys; financial aspects; maps; plans; photographs; wall paintings; caves;
stairs; ditches; fountains; graffiti; publicity.
// Unesco // Sigiriya (Sri Lanka)
003201 - Sigiriya (Nomination Form). sl, Ministry of Cultural Affairs, 1981. 28 p, illus., 30x42 cm. (Ancient City of
Sigiriya (Sri Lanka)) (eng). Incl. bibl.; 10 plans; 10 photographs.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; archaeological sites; rock cut architecture; historic sites; citadels; historic
gardens; Sri Lanka; nomination forms.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: historical surveys; conservation policy; photographs; plans; archaeological excavations;
caves; wall paintings; stairs; ditches; ornamental lakes.
007957 - International congress on architectural conservation and town planning. 2th. Basle, 1985. The 5th Century
fortified city and landscaped gardens at Sigiriya : excavation, conservation and development. Bandaranayake,
Senake. London, Heritage Trust, 1986. p. 101-107, illus. (eng). Conservation and Tourism.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: archaeological sites; cultural tourism; Sri Lanka; proceedings of conferences. SECONDARY
KEYWORDS: fortified towns; palaces; historic gardens; wall paintings; attendance rate; tourist facilities; conservation
techniques; buddhist architecture; history of conservation. // Sigiriya (Sri Lanka)
008847 - In Sri Lanka steht das Kulturdreieck auf dem Rettungsprogramm. Zamora, Raoul. Bonn, Deutschen
UNESCO-Kommission, 1987. p. 16-17. (Unesco-Dienst. 34, 2/3) (ger).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: protection of cultural heritage; world heritage list; Sri Lanka.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: international campaigns; restoration projects.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: international campaigns; aims and activities; Sri Lanka.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: archaeological sites; historic monuments; historic sites.
ACCESSION NO: 9659.
010584 - The Cultural Triangle of Sri Lanka : one of 32 International Cultural Heritage Projects Launched by Unesco.
Silva, Roland. Naples, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, 1988. p. 26-35, illus. (Icomos Information. 3) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: management of archaeological sites; protection of cultural heritage; international campaigns;
Sri Lanka.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: buddhist architecture; restoration; world heritage list.
225
// Unesco // Cultural Triangle (Sri Lanka) // Jetavana, Anuradhapura (Sri Lanka) // Abhayagiriya, Anuradhapura (Sri
Lanka) // Sigiriya (Sri Lanka) // Alahana Pirivena (Sri Lanka) // Dambulla (Sri Lanka)
ACCESSION NO: K-286. CALL NO: Arch. 219.
013037 - Amongst Asia's earliest surviving gardens : the Royal and monastic gardens at Sigiriya and Anuradhapura.
Bandaranayake, Senake. Icomos International Scientific Committee on Historic Gardens and Sites. Colombo, Sri
National Committee of ICOMOS, Central Cultural Fund, 1993. p. 2-36, illus.,maps, plans. (Central Cultural Fund
Publication n.127 : Historic Gardens and Sites) (eng). Incl. Bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic gardens; royal gardens; monastic gardens; archaeological excavations; Sri Lanka.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: parks; literary references; mountains; inscriptions; plants; case studies; palaces; baths;
terraces; water gardens; water supply; hydrology; pools; pavilions.
// Royal gardens, Sigiriya (Sri Lanka) // Royal Goldfish Park, Anuradhapura (Sri Lanka)
ACCESSION NO: 12523. CALL NO: J.H. 287. ISBN: 955-613-033-0. (Nongovernmental international organization).
013062 - Problems and Possible Solutions on Cultural Heritage Management in Sri Lanka. Archaeological Heritage
Management. Lalchandra, M.D. ICOMOS. Colombo, Sri-Lanka National Committee of ICOMOS, Sri Lanka Central
Cultural Fund, 1993. p. 50-55. (Central Cultural Fund Publication n) (135 : Archaeological Heritage Management,
Icomos International Scientific Symposium. 135) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: Management of archaeological sites; archaeological excavations; legislation; 20th; Sri
Lanka.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: palaces; forts; frescoes; brick; houses; stone; granite; limestone; cellars; statues;
restoration; movable cultural property; timber; Stupas.
// Department of Archaeology (Sri Lanka) // Icomos International Scientific Symposium on Archaeological Heritage
Management. Colombo, 1993 // Anuradhapura (Sri Lanka) // Polonnaruwa (Sri Lanka) // Sigiriya (Sri Lanka)
013257 - ICOMOS International Scientific Symposium on Cultural Tourism, 1993. Cultural tourism and visitor effects
on the local population with special reference to the cultural triangle of Sri Lanka. Amarasekera, A.; Navaratne, D.B.
ICOMOS International Scientific Committee on Cultural Tourism. Colombo, Sri Lanka National Committee of
ICOMOS, Sri Lanka Central Cultural Fund, 1993. p. 1-14, illus. (Central Cultural Fund Publication n.133 : Cultural
Tourism) (eng). PRIMARY KEYWORDS: cultural tourism; historic towns; monasteries; re-use; Sri Lanka.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: caves; stupas; conservation.
// Kandy (Sri Lanka) // Dambulla (Sri Lanka) // Anuradhapura (Sri Lanka) // Sigiriya (Sri Lanka)
ACCESSION NO: 12558. CALL NO: To. 233. ISBN: 955-613044-6.
013956 - Sigiriya Project: First Archaeological excavation and research report (January-September 1982).
Bandaranayake, Senake. Colombo, Sri Lanka Central Cultural Fund, 1984. 271 p., illus.,graphs. (Sri Lanka Central
Cultural Fund Publications) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: management of archaeological sites; archaeological excavations; archaeological finds;
landscaping; Sri Lanka.
// Sigiriya, Sri Lanka (WHC 202) // Unesco-Sri Lanka Project of the Cultural Triangle
015420 - Icomos UK-English heritage conference. Strawberry Hill, 1995. The techniques and uses of garden
archaeology. Jacques, D.; Dix, B.; Taylor, C.; Cole, M.A.; Payne, Andrew W.; Linford, Paul K.; Weir, David A.; de
Moulins, Dominique de; Yentsch, A.; Kratzer, Judson M.; Thackray, D.; Seomer;; ocjaem; Chappell, Edward A.;
Bandaranayake, Senake; West, Jeffrey J.; Dickinson, Lord; Flenley, Richard. London; Washington, Taylor
Francis, 1997. 99 p., illus. (Journal of Garden History. 17,1) (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic gardens; archaeology; non-destructive methods; restoration; UK; USA; Sri Lanka;
landscapes; archaeologists; gardeners; voluntary work; technique.
// Williamsburg, U.S.A. // Sigiriya, Sri Lanka
ACCESSION NO: 13415. CALL NO: J.H. 324.
018575 - Magnetic prospecting in archaeological sites. Becker, Helmut; Fassbinder, Jörg W.E. München, ICOMOS,
2001. 202 p., illus. (Monuments and Sites. VI) (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: archaeological surveys; archaeological prospections; archaeological field work; magnetic
surveys; telemetry; photogrammetry; measurements and instruments; aerial photography; case studies.
// Ibbankatuwa, Sri Lanka // Garden of the Sigiriya Rock Fortification, Sri Lanka // Troy, Turkey // Munbaqua-Ekalte,
Syrian AR // Monte da Ponte, Concelha Evora, Portugal // Royal Capital of Awsan, Hagar Yahirr, Wadi Markha,
Yemen // Ambrona, Soria, Spain // Ostia Antica, Italy // Zoser Pyramid, Saqqara, Egypt // Nile Delta, Egypt // Rusafat
Hisam, Syrian AR // Palmyra, Syrian AR // Cemetery and Awâm-Temple, Marib, yemen // Necropolis of Suchanicha,
Minusinsk Bassin, South Siberia, Russian Federation // Scythian Settlement, Siberia, Russian Federation // Uruk,
Gilgamesh Iraq // Palace of Qin Shihuangdi, Wazigang, China
027003 - Periodic Report: Ancient City of Sigiriya. Archaeological Survey Department (ASD); Central Cultural Fund
(CCF). [Paris], [UNESCO], [2003]. 25p. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage convention; world heritage list; periodic reports; historic monuments;
archaeological sites; archaeological remains; frescoes; conservation; management; monitoring; Sri Lanka.
// Ancient City of Sigiriya, Sri Lanka (WHC 450)
226
1988- Sinharaja Forest Reserve / Réserve forestière de Sinharaja (Criteria ix - x)
Brief description
Located in south-west Sri Lanka, Sinharaja is the country's last viable area of primary tropical
rainforest. More than 60% of the trees are endemic and many of them are considered rare. There is
much endemic wildlife, especially birds, but the reserve is also home to over 50% of Sri Lanka's
endemic species of mammals and butterflies, as well as many kinds of insects, reptiles and rare
amphibians.
Briève description
Situé dans le sud-ouest de Sri Lanka, le Sinharaja est la dernière zone viable de forêt tropicale
humide primaire du pays. Plus de 60 % des arbres sont endémiques et bon nombre d'entre eux sont
considérés comme rares. La faune endémique est nombreuse, notamment les oiseaux et 50 %
d'espèces de mammifères et de papillons, ainsi que beaucoup de sortes d'insectes, de reptiles et
d'amphibiens rares.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
018605 - World heritage and biosphere reserves: two sides on the same coin. Bridgewater, Peter. Madrid, UNESCO,
1999. p. 40-49, illus., maps (World Heritage Review. 13, 1999) (same text in eng, fre, spa). Patrimoine mondial et
réserves de la biosphére: deux faces de la même monnaie. fre. Patrimonio mundial y reservas de la biosfera: dos
caras de la misma moneda. spa.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; natural heritage; natural sites; biosphere; national parks; forests.
// Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park, Australia (WHC 447) // Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park, Italy (WHC 842) //
Sian Ka'an, Mexico (WHC 410) // Sinharaja Forest Reserve, Sri Lanka (WHC 405)
1988- Sacred City of Kandy / Ville sacrée de Kandy (Criteria iv - vi)
Brief description
This sacred Buddhist site, popularly known as the city of Senkadagalapura, was the last capital of the
Sinhala kings whose patronage enabled the Dinahala culture to flourish for more than 2,500 years
until the occupation of Sri Lanka by the British in 1815. It is also the site of the Temple of the Tooth
Relic (the sacred tooth of the Buddha), which is a famous pilgrimage site.
Briève description
Ce site sacré du bouddhisme, communément appelé « ville de Senkadagalapura », a été la dernière
capitale des rois de Sinhala dont le mécénat a permis à la culture de Dinahala de s'épanouir pendant
plus de 2 500 ans, jusqu'à l'occupation de Sri Lanka par les Britanniques en 1815. C'est aussi le site
du temple de la Dent du Bouddha, célèbre lieu de pèlerinage.
227
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
illus. (eng).
Lanka.
caves.
Kandy (Sri Lanka)
ACCESSION NO: 7454.
009611 - Kandy. Seneviratna, Anuradha. Colombo, Central Cultural Fund, Ministry of Cultural Affairs, 1983. 194 p,
illus. (eng). "An illustrated survey of ancient monuments with historical, archaeological and literary descriptions
including maps of the city and its suburbs".
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic towns; architecture history; historic monuments; descriptions; Sri Lanka.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list. // Kandy (Sri Lanka)
ACCESSION NO: 9660.
012070 - Sanctuaire Rupestre de Dambulla Vihaia, Sri Lanka. Hattori, E.; Albert-Hesse, Jane (text). Unesco. Paris,
Unesco, [s.d.]. 1 slide : col. + 1 p. (Save our Common Heritage. 17) (frealso in eng, spa). Accompanying material:
narrative legend from booklet bearing series title. Listed as WHC 450 in 1988.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; buddhist architecture; rock cut architecture; wall paintings; frescoes;
religious art; Sri Lanka.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: slides. // Dambulla Vihara, Kandy (Sri Lanka)
CALL NO: LK.KAN.04:01.
013122 - Documentation of Timber buildings. Wijesuriya, Gamini. ICOMOS International Committee on wood.
Colombo (Sri Lanka), Sri Lanka National Committee of ICOMOS, Sri Lanka Central Cultural Fund, 1993. p. 57-60,
illus. (Central Cultural Fund Publication n) (132 : Wood) (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: wood; roofings; 12th; 14th; Sri Lanka.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: timber; inscriptions; restoration; stupas; columns; windows; doors; verandahs; beams;
literary references.
// Magul Maduwa, Kandy (Sri Lanka) // Devale, Embekke (Sri Lanka)
ACCESSION NO: 12529. CALL NO: Bo. 253. ISBN: 955-613-036-5. (Nongovernmental international organization).
Tourism) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: cultural tourism; historic towns; monasteries; re-use; Sri Lanka.
013568 - Sacred City of Kandy, Sri Lanka. (s.l.),, (s.n.),, (s.d.). 40 slides: col. (eng). Listed as WHC 450 in 1988. Slide
no. 21 is missing. Accompanying material: legends.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; historic town centres; palaces; temples; Sri Lanka.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: walls; lakes; interior architecture; dance programmes; streets; public and civic
architecture; churches; wooden architecture; aerial photography; slides.
// Sacred City of Kandy (Sri Lanka)
CALL NO: LK.KAN.06:1-40. (restricted).
013952 - Kandy Project: First archaeological excavation report (december 1981 - May 1982). Report. Prematilleke,
P.L. Colombo, Sri Lanka Central Cultural Fund, 1983. 77 p., illus. (Sri Lanka Central Cultural Fund publications. 11)
(eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: management of archaeological sites; archaeological finds; palaces; monasteries; Sri Lanka.
// Kandy, Sri Lanka (WHC 450) // Unesco-Sri Lanka Project of the Cultural Triangle
228
013954 - Temple of the tooth Kandy: Architecture, sculpture, painting. Conservation Project 1, Temple of The Tooth,
Documentation 1.1.1. De Silva, T.K.N.P. Colombo, Sri Lanka Central Cultural Fund, 1984. 252 p., illus. (Sri Lanka
Central Cultural fund Publications. 26) (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: management of archaeological sites; historical surveys; architecture; sculptures; paintings;
Sri Lanka.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: walls; doors; ceilings.
// Temple of the Tooth, Kandy (Sri Lanka) (WHC 450) // Unesco-Sri Lanka Cultural Triangle Project
016125 - Sacrilege at the most sacred buddhist shrine and Unesco-designated world heritage sites. Sri Lanka ministry
of foreign affairs; Sri Lanka ministry of Buddha Sasana; Sri Lanka ministry of cultural and religious affairs. Colombo,
Sri Lanka Ministry of Foreign affairs, 1998. [n.p.], illus. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world cultural heritage; world heritage list; temples; blasting; Sri Lanka.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: destruction of cultural heritage.
// Kandy, Sri Lanka (WHC450)
ACCESSION NO: 13579. (National or federal authority or department or body).
020087 - Sacred city of Kandy. 75 slides (eng). From WHC 450 listed in 1988.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic towns; world heritage list; sacred places; Sri Lanka.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: slides. // Ville Sacrée de Kandy, Sri Lanka (WHC 450)
CALL NO: LK.KAN.10:1-75.
021353 - World heritage city of Kandy - Conservation and development plan. Québec, OVPM, 1996. p. 245-246.
(eng). In: "Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium of World Heritage Cities, Bergen, June 28-30, 1995".
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic towns; world heritage list; Sri Lanka.
// Sacred City of Kandy, Sri Lanka (WHC 450)
027002 - Periodic Report: Sacred City of Kandy. Archaeological Survey Department (ASD); Central Cultural Fund
(CCF). [Paris], [UNESCO], [2003]. 27p. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage convention; world heritage list; periodic reports; historic towns; temples;
buddhist architecture; sacred places; conservation; management; monitoring; Sri Lanka.
// Sacred City of Kandy, Sri Lanka (WHC 450)
027236 - Faith and tourism : accomodating visitor and worshipper in the historic city. Woodward, Simon C.
US/ICOMOS, 2003. 13 p. In: "6th US/ICOMOS International Symposium : Managing conflict and conservation in
historic cities : integrating conservation with tourism, development and politics" (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: cultural tourism; tourist facilities; historic towns; pilgrimage; tourism management; religious
architecture; cathedrals; churches; visitor flow; traffic control; attendance rate; world cultural heritage; world heritage
list; UK; Saudi Arabia; Sri Lanka.
// St Andrews, UK // Makkah, Saudi Arabia // Sacred city of Kandy, Sri Lanka (WHC 450)
1988- Old Town of Galle and its Fortifications / Vieille ville de Galle et ses
fortifications (Criterion iv)
Brief description
Founded in the 16th century by the Portuguese, Galle reached the height of its development in the
18th century, before the arrival of the British. It is the best example of a fortified city built by Europeans
in South and South-East Asia, showing the interaction between European architectural styles and
South Asian traditions.
229
Briève description
e
e
Fondée au XVI siècle par les Portugais, Galle a atteint son apogée au XVIII siècle, avant l'arrivée
des Britanniques. C'est le meilleur exemple d'une ville fortifiée construite par les Européens en Asie
du Sud et du Sud-Est qui illustre l'interaction entre l'architecture européenne et les traditions de l'Asie
du Sud.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
013941 - Old Town of Galle and its fortifications, Sri Lanka. (s.l.), (s.n.), (s.d.). 7 slides: col. (eng). Listed as WHC 451
in 1988. No legend.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; fortifications; colonial architecture; natural environment; walls; Sri Lanka.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: gateways; slides.
// Old town of Galle and its fortifications, Galle (Sri Lanka)
CALL NO: LK.GAL.07: 1-7. (restricted).
014621 - The historic city of Galle. Silva, Roland; Kuruppu, Indrajith; Wijesuriya, Gamini. Sri Lanka, ^c1989. [s.p.].
(eng). leaflet.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic towns; world heritage list; historical surveys; descriptions; Sri Lanka. // Galle, Sri
Lanka
017759 - Vieille ville de Galle et ses fortifications. 11 slides : col. (eng). From WHC 451 listed in 1988
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic town centres; world heritage list; colonial architecture; fortified architecture; Sri
Lanka. SECONDARY KEYWORDS: slides.
// Old Town of Galle and its fortifications, Sri Lanka (WHC 451)
CALL NO: LK.GAL.08: 1-11 (WHC 451).
017760 - Vieille ville de Galle et ses fortifications. 18 slides : col. (eng). From WHC 451 listed in 1988
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic town centres; world heritage list; colonial architecture; fortified architecture;
fortifications; churches; Sri Lanka.
CALL NO: LK.GAL.09: 1-18 (WHC 451).
018581 - La vieille ville de Galle. Chandani, Munasingme. Madrid, UNESCO, 1999. p. 40-49, illus., maps. (World
Heritage Review. 12, 1999) (same text in fre, spa). Ciudad antigua de Galle. spa.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic town centres; world heritage list; fortifications; colonial architecture; historical
surveys; Sri Lanka.
// Old Town of Galle and its Fortifications, Sri Lanka (WHC 451)
021326 - Integrating an heritage site into a modern living environment - Galle Fort. Dahanayake, Vijaya. Québec,
OVPM, 1996. p. 72-75. (eng). In: "Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium of World Heritage Cities, Bergen,
June 28-30, 1995".
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic towns; economic aspects; world heritage list; Sri Lanka.
024341 - Safeguarding the world heritage city of Galle under new management system in keeping with the"open
economy" concept. Wijesuriya, Gamini. Sofia, BNC/ICOMOS, 1996. p. 432-434. (eng). In: "11th ICOMOS General
Assembly and International symposium: "The heritage and social changes - symposium papers".
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; conservation of historic towns; Sri Lanka.
// Galle, Sri Lanka (WHC 451) ACCESSION NO: 14683.
025667 - How world heritage sites disappear : four cases, four threats. Dijkgraaf, Cor. Paris, UNESCO WHC, 2004.
p.32-35, illus. (World Heritage Papers. 13) In: "Linking universal and local values : managing a sustainable future for
world heritage" (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world cultural heritage; world heritage list; world heritage in danger; cultural heritage at risk;
historic towns; case studies; Sri Lanka; Yemen; Ghana; colonial architecture.
// ICOMOS Scientific Committee for Shared Built Heritage // Galle, Sri Lanka (WHC 451) // Sana'a, Yemen (WHC
385) // Elmina, Ghana // Zabid, Yemen (WHC 611) ACCESSION NO: 14553-13.
027004 - Periodic Report: Old Town of Galle and its fortifications. Archaeological Survey Department (ASD); Central
Cultural Fund (CCF). [Paris], [UNESCO], [2003]. 24p. (also in eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage convention; world heritage list; periodic reports; historic towns; fortifications;
conservation; management; monitoring; Sri Lanka.
// Old Town of Galle and its fortifications, Sri Lanka (WHC 451) ACCESSION NO: WHC 451.
029156 - Management of the cultural heritage in Galle fort-before and after the 26/12 Tsuname devastation. Pali,
Wijeratne. Xi'an, World Publishing Corporation, 2005. p. 812-819, illus. In: "Proceedings of the ICOMOS 15th General
Assembly and Scientific Symposium. Volume 2" (eng). Incl. abstract.
230
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: forts; fortifications; tsunami; tidal waves; natural disasters; post-disaster situation; world
heritage list; deterioration; assessment of damage; development planning; Sri Lanka.
// Galle, Sri Lanka
032589 - Inventory record for historic cities and towns: Historic Fort of Galle. (World Heritage Site). Manawadu,
Samitha. Ferrol, Concello de Ferrol, 2005. p. 593-595. (Monuments and Sites. X) In: "Encuentro Científico
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: inventories; cultural routes; historic towns; fortifications; world heritage list; conservation;
fortified towns; Sri Lanka.
// Historic Fort of Galle, Sri Lanka (WHC 451)
032590 - Inventory record for fortifications on a cultural route: The fortification system of the fortified city of Galle.
Manawadu, Samitha. Ferrol, Concello de Ferrol, 2005. p. 597-601. (Monuments and Sites. X) In: "Encuentro Científico
Incl.bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: inventories; cultural routes; historic towns; fortifications; world heritage list; building
techniques; building materials; historical surveys; legal protection; conservation; fortified towns; Sri Lanka.
1991 - Golden Temple of Dambulla / Temple d'Or de Dambulla (Criteria i - vi)
Brief description
A sacred pilgrimage site for 22 centuries, this cave monastery, with its five sanctuaries, is the largest,
best-preserved cave-temple complex in Sri Lanka. The Buddhist mural paintings (covering an area of
2,100 sq. m) are of particular importance, as are the 157 statues.
Briève description
Haut lieu de pèlerinage de Sri Lanka depuis vingt-deux siècles, ce monastère rupestre, qui contient
cinq sanctuaires, est l'ensemble le plus grand et le mieux conservé de temples-cavernes à Sri Lanka.
Il est particulièrement remarquable par ses peintures murales bouddhiques couvrant une superficie de
2 100 m2 et par ses 157 statues.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
illus. (eng).
Lanka.
caves.
Kandy (Sri Lanka)
ACCESSION NO: 7454.
007033 - Sri Lanka : lighting installations of selected archaeological sites in Sri Lanka. Phillips, D. Paris, Unesco,
1976. 30 p, plans, illus., map. (eng). Incl. app.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: management of archaeological sites; lighting equipment; Sri Lanka; expert reports.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: caves; paintings; museums; costing; enhancement; buddhist architecture.
// Bandaranaike Museum (Sri Lanka) // Caves, Dambulla (Sri Lanka) // Polonnaruva (Sri Lanka)
ACCESSION NO: 5656. CALL NO: Arch. 23. DOC CODE: FMR/CC/OPS/249/(UNDP). (restricted).
231
009655 - Golden rock of Dambulla: caves of infinite buddhas. Seneviratna, Anuradha. Columbo, Central Cultural
Fund, Ministry of Cultural Affairs, 1983. 127 p, illus. (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: rock cut architecture; temples; buddhist architecture; architecture history; Sri Lanka.
// Temple of Dambulla, Cultural Triangle (Sri Lanka)
ACCESSION NO: 9661.
010584 - The Cultural Triangle of Sri Lanka : one of 32 International Cultural Heritage Projects Launched by Unesco.
Silva, Roland. Naples, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, 1988. p. 26-35, illus. (Icomos Information. 3) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: management of archaeological sites; protection of cultural heritage; international campaigns;
Sri Lanka.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: buddhist architecture; restoration; world heritage list.
// Unesco // Cultural Triangle (Sri Lanka) // Jetavana, Anuradhapura (Sri Lanka) // Abhayagiriya, Anuradhapura (Sri
Lanka) // Sigiriya (Sri Lanka) // Alahana Pirivena (Sri Lanka) // Dambulla (Sri Lanka)
ACCESSION NO: K-286. CALL NO: Arch. 219.
012070 - Sanctuaire Rupestre de Dambulla Vihaia, Sri Lanka. Hattori, E.; Albert-Hesse, Jane (text). Unesco. Paris,
Unesco, [s.d.]. 1 slide : col. + 1 p. (Save our Common Heritage. 17) (frealso in eng, spa). Accompanying material:
narrative legend from booklet bearing series title. Listed as WHC 450 in 1988.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; buddhist architecture; rock cut architecture; wall paintings; frescoes;
religious art; Sri Lanka. SECONDARY KEYWORDS: slides.
// Dambulla Vihara, Kandy (Sri Lanka) CALL NO: LK.KAN.04:01.
Tourism) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: cultural tourism; historic towns; monasteries; re-use; Sri Lanka.
013436 - Golden Temple of Dambulla, Sri Lanka. Jayasinghe, Gamini. (Colombo, Sri Lanka),, (Lake House Book
Shop),, (1986). 30 slides: col. + 1 p. typescript. (eng). Listed as WHC 561 in 1991. Accompanying material: legends
for slides 1-21. Slides prepared from book "The Rock and Wall Paintings of Sri Lanka" by Prof. Senaka
Bandaranayake. Aerial slide prepared from the Survey Dept. aerial photograph.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; Buddhist architecture; religious architecture; wall paintings; Sri Lanka.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: religious art; buddhas; interior architecture; statues; archaeological remains; historic
gardens; sculptures; aerial photography; slides.
// Golden Temple of Dambulla (Sri Lanka) CALL NO: LK.DAM.05:1-30.
027003 - Periodic Report: Golden Temple of Dambulla. Archaeological Survey Department (ASD); Central Cultural
Fund (CCF). [Paris], [UNESCO], [2003]. 24p. (also in eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage convention; world heritage list; periodic reports; temples; buddhist
architecture; rock cut architecture; wall paintings; conservation; management; monitoring; Sri Lanka.
// Golden Temple of Dambulla, Sri Lanka (WHC 561) ACCESSION NO: WHC 561.
Syria / République Arabe Syrienne
2006- Crac des Chevaliers and Qal'at Salah El-Din / Crac des Chevaliers et
Qal'at Salah El-Din (Criteria ii - iv)
Brief description
The two castles represent the most significant examples illustrating the exchange of influences and
documenting the evolution of fortified architecture in the Near East during the time of the Crusades
(11th to 13th century). The Crac des Chevaliers was built by the Hospitaller Order of Saint John of
Jerusalem from 1142 to 1271. With further construction by the Mamluks in the late 13th century, it
ranks among the best-preserved examples of the Crusade castles. It is an archetype of the medieval
castle, particularly of the military orders and includes eight round towers built by the Hospitallers and a
232
massive square tower added by the Mamluks. Similarly, the Qal‟at Salah El-Din (Fortress of Saladin),
even though partly in ruins, still represents an outstanding example of this type of fortification, both in
terms of the quality of construction and the survival of historical stratigraphy. It retains features from its
Byzantine beginnings in the 10th century, the Frankish transformations in the late 12th century and
fortifications added by the Ayyubids dynasty (late 12th to mid-13th century).
Briève description
Ces deux châteaux illustrent l‟échange d‟influences culturelles et le développement de l‟architecture
militaire au Proche-Orient à l‟époque des Croisades, du XIe au XIIIe siècles. Le Crac des Chevaliers a
été construit par l‟ordre des Hospitaliers de Saint-Jean de Jérusalem de 1142 à 1271. Une deuxième
vague de travaux a été le fait des Mamelouks à la fin du XIIIe siècle. Il figure parmi les châteaux des
Croisades les mieux préservés et constitue un archétype du « château médiéval fortifié » construit par
les ordres militaires. Il comporte huit tours circulaires construites par les Hospitaliers et une massive
tour carrée ajoutée par les Mamelouks. Bien que partiellement en ruines, le Qal‟at Salah El-Din
(Forteresse de Saladin) constitue un autre exemple remarquable de ce type de forteresse, tant en
terme de qualité de la construction que de survie de la stratigraphie historique, avec des éléments de
l‟époque byzantine au Xe siècle, les transformations réalisées par les Francs à la fin du XIIe siècle et
les défenses ajoutées par les Ayyoubides (fin du XIIe et XIIIe siècles).
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
003972 - Des Châteaux forts en Palestine. Balard, Michel. Paris, Le Seuil/La Recherche, 1982. p. 94-101, illus., plan,
maps. (L' Histoire. 47) (fre). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: castles; military architecture; Syrian AR.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: citadels; deserts; medieval art.
// Crac des chevaliers (Syrian AR)
ACCESSION NO: 9699.
029772 - Castles of Syria, Crac des Chevaliers and Qal'art Salah El-Din. UNESCO. 12 slides: col. (eng). From WHC
1229 listed in 2006.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: fortified architecture; castles; medieval architecture; citadels; world heritage list; Syrian AR.
// Châteaux de Syrie, Crac de Chevaliers et Qal'at Salah El-Din Syrian AR (WHC 1229)
ACCESSION NO: SY.CHA.05: 1-12 (WHC 1229).
Tajikistan
2010 - Proto-urban site of Sarazm (Criteria ii - iii)
Brief description
Sarazm, which means “where the land begins”, is an archaeological site bearing testimony to the
development of human settlements in Central Asia, from the 4th millennium BCE to the end of the 3rd
millennium BCE. The ruins demonstrate the early development of proto-urbanization in this region.
This centre of settlement, one of the oldest in Central Asia, is situated between a mountainous region
suitable for cattle rearing by nomadic pastoralists, and a large valley conducive to the development of
agriculture and irrigation by the first settled populations in the region. Sarazm also demonstrates the
existence of commercial and cultural exchanges and trade relations with peoples over an extensive
geographical area, extending from the steppes of Central Asia and Turkmenistan, to the Iranian
plateau, the Indus valley and as far as the Indian Ocean.
233
The proto-urban site of Sarazm is an archaeological site which bears witness to the development of
settlements in Central Asia from the 4th millennium BCE to the late 3rd millennium BCE. The Protourban Site of Sarazm illustrates the early rise of proto-urbanization in this region, reflected in the
sophistication of the dwellings, infrastructures, and archaeological findings. It came into being as the
result of the complementarity initially between pastoralism and early agrarianism, and subsequently
between the exploitation of mineral resources in the Bronze Age and the development of handicrafts.
Sarazm demonstrates the existence of inter-regional trade and cultural interchanges over long
distances across Central Asia. This was a long-lasting and prosperous proto-urban metropolis, at the
north-eastern extremity of a vast area stretching from Mesopotamia to the Indus and the Iranian
plateau.
Criterion (ii): The Proto-urban Site of Sarazm bears testimony, from the 4th millennium BCE, to trade
and cultural interchanges between the pastoral nomads of the mountains of Central Asia and the
agrarian peoples of Transoxiane. Later, particularly in the Bronze Age, the Proto-urban Site of Sarazm
complemented and extended its activities with metallurgy and handicrafts, demonstrating the
existence of a network of a diversity of interchanges on a very large scale. The Proto-urban Site of
Sarazm had connections with the steppes of Central Asia, and in addition with the Turkmenian, protoElamite, Mesopotamian, and Indus worlds.
Criterion (iii): The Proto-urban Site of Sarazm constitutes a remarkable human settlement,
exceptional in its geographical situation, in Central Asia, in the 4th and 3rd millennia BCE, to which its
proto-urban and architectural remains and its archaeological findings bear witness. The town played a
regional role over a long period and on a very large scale in the working of metals, particularly tin and
copper, and the associated development of handicrafts to produce tools, ceramics, and jewellery. The
Proto-urban Site of Sarazm is one of the places that gave birth to and saw the development of the
major trans-Eurasian trade routes.
Brève description
Sarazm, qui signifie « le commencement de la terre », est un site archéologique qui témoigne de
peuplements humains sédentaires en Asie centrale, du IVe millénaire avant J.-C. à la fin du 3e
millénaire avant J.-C. Les vestiges montrent l'essor d'un proto-urbanisme précoce dans cette région.
Ce centre de peuplement, parmi les plus anciens d'Asie centrale, est situé entre une zone
montagneuse propice à l'élevage du bétail par des bergers nomades et une grande vallée favorable
au développement de l'agriculture et de l'irrigation par les premières populations sédentarisées de la
région. Sarazm démontre aussi l'existence d'échanges matériels et culturels et des liaisons
marchandes entre les steppes de l'Asie centrale, le Turkménistan, le plateau iranien, la vallée de
l'Indus et jusqu'à l'océan Indien.
Le site proto-urbain de Sarazm est un site archéologique témoignant du développement de
peuplements humains sédentaires en Asie centrale, du IVe millénaire avant J.-C. à la fin du IIIe
millénaire avant J.-C. Sarazm, montre l‟essor précoce d‟un proto-urbanisme dans cette région, illustré
par la sophistication des habitations, des infrastructures et du mobilier archéologique. Sa raison d‟être
initiale est basée sur la complémentarité du pastoralisme et de l‟agriculture naissante, puis de
l‟exploitation des ressources minérales à l‟âge du bronze et du développement de l‟artisanat. Sarazm
démontre l‟existence d‟échanges matériels et culturels interrégionaux à grande distance, à l‟échelle de
l‟Asie centrale. Ce fut une métropole proto-urbaine durable et prospère, à l‟extrémité nord-est d‟un
vaste ensemble allant de la Mésopotamie à l‟Indus et au plateau iranien.
Justification de l’inscription
Critère (ii) : Le site proto-urbain de Sarazm témoigne, à partir du IVe millénaire avant J.-C.,
d‟échanges matériels et culturels entre les bergers nomades des montagnes de l‟Asie centrale et les
populations agricoles de Transoxiane. Ensuite, notamment à l‟âge du bronze, le site proto-urbain de
Sarazm a complété et étendu ses activités par la métallurgie et l‟artisanat, montrant l‟existence de
réseaux d‟échanges diversifiés à des échelles considérables. Le site proto-urbain de Sarazm était en
234
relation d‟une part avec les steppes de l‟Asie centrale, d‟autre part avec les mondes turkmènes, préélamite, mésopotamien et de l‟Indus.
Critère (iii) : Le site proto-urbain de Sarazm constitue un établissement humain remarquable et
exceptionnel par sa situation géographique, en Asie centrale, aux IVe et IIIe millénaires avant J.-C.,
dont témoignent ses vestiges proto-urbains et architecturaux, son mobilier archéologique. La cité joua
un rôle régional durable et à grande échelle dans l‟exploitation des métaux, de l‟étain et du cuivre
notamment, et le développement associé d‟un artisanat producteur d‟outils, de poteries et de bijoux.
Le site proto-urbain de Sarazm est l‟un des lieux de naissance et de développement des grandes
voies d‟échanges tans-eurasiennes.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
013065 - Results of the Seminar on the conservation of Asian Cultural Heritage. Nishiura, Tadateru. Colombo, Sri
Lanka National Committee of ICOMOS, Sri Lanka Central Cultural Fund, 1993. p. 75-81, photog. (Central Cultural
Fund Publication. 135) In: "Archaeological Heritage Management, Icomos International Scientific Symposium" (eng).
Incl. list of participants.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: management of Archaeological sites; conservation; training; seminars; microorganisms;
International cooperation; Asia.
// Asia
035212 - Structural faults in earthen archaeological sites in central Asia: Analysis and repair methods. Fodde, Enrico.
London, Taylor and Francis Group, 2008. p. 1415-1422, illus. In: "D'Ayala and Fodde (eds.). Structural analysis of
historic construction" (eng). Incl. abstract and bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: archaeological sites; earth architecture; adobe; deterioration; weathering; climatic factors;
structural damage; structural faults; cracks; repairs; consolidation; conservation; conservation measures; conservation
techniques; silk road; Asia; Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan.
// Buddhist Monastery of Ajina Tepa, Tajikistan // Krasnaya Rechka, Ak Beshim and Burana, Kyrgyzstan // Otrar
Tobe, Kazakhstan
ACCESSION NO: 15873. CALL NO: Br.C.138. ISBN: 978-0-415-46872-5.
Thailand / Thaïlande
1991- Historic Town of Sukhotai and Associated Historic Towns / Ville
historique de Sukhothai et villes historiques associées (Criteria i - iii)
Brief description
Sukhothai was the capital of the first Kingdom of Siam in the 13th and 14th centuries. It has a number
of fine monuments, illustrating the beginnings of Thai architecture. The great civilization which evolved
in the Kingdom of Sukhothai absorbed numerous influences and ancient local traditions; the rapid
assimilation of all these elements forged what is known as the 'Sukhothai style'.
Briève description
e
e
Capitale du premier royaume du Siam aux XIII et XIV siècles, Sukhothaï conserve d'admirables
monuments illustrant les débuts de l'architecture thaïe. La grande civilisation qui se développa dans le
royaume est tributaire de nombreuses influences et d'anciennes traditions locales, mais l'assimilation
rapide de tous ces éléments forgea ce que l'on appelle le « style Sukhothaï ».
235
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
003781 - Conservation of the Sukhothai monuments. Aranyanak, Chirapon. Bangkok, Spafa, 1984. p. 31-32, illus.
(SPAFA Digest. 5, 1) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: stone; deterioration; humidity; microorganisms; tropical zones; Thailand.
// Sukhothai (Thailand)
The Sukhothai historical park development project : the master plan. Rojpojchanarat, Vira. Tokyo, Institute of Asian
Culture, Sophia University, 1986. p. 51-66, plans. (Study and preservation of historic cities of Southeast Asia) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: conservation of archaeological sites; land use plans; financial aspects; costing; development
projects; enhancement; cultural tourism; Thailand; proceedings of conferences. // Sukhothai (Thailand)
ACCESSION NO: 8624.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: conservation of historic monuments; historical surveys; photographic surveys. SECONDARY
KEYWORDS: Afghanistan; Pakistan; Bangladesh; India; Democratic Kampuchea; Indonesia; Nepal; Sri Lanka;
Burma; Thailand; Viet Nam SR; China; Korea R; Japan.
ACCESSION NO: 8873.
008095 - Report on the study of the historical, social, economic and technological development of Sukhothai (12001500 AD). Madsakulpan, Patchara; Uekrongtham, Pornchai; Tiapinyok, Sompop; Navanukool, Waipote. Bangkok,
Chulalongkorn University, 1985. 171 p, illus., plans, maps. (eng). Incl. refer.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: buddhist architecture; civil engineering works; architecture history; Thailand. // Sukhothai
(Thailand)
008101 - Sukhothai historical park. Sekler, Eduard F. Paris, Unesco, 1985. 13 p, illus. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: buddhist architecture; local inventories; international campaigns; Thailand; expert reports.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: recording techniques; recommendations.
// Sukhothai (Thailand)
ACCESSION NO: 9181. DOC CODE: RP/1981-1983/4/7.6/04;FMR/CLT/CH/85/170. (restricted).
012071 - Buddhist Temple and Buddha in Sukhothai, Thailand. Vorontzoff, A.; Albert-Hesse, Jane (text). Unesco.
Paris, Unesco, [s.d.]. 2 slides : col. + 1 p. (Save our Common Heritage. 19,20) (frealso in eng, spa). Accompanying
material: narrative legend from booklet bearing series title.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; buddhist architecture; temples; buddhas; monumental sculpture; spires;
parks; stucco works; Thailand. SECONDARY KEYWORDS: slides; aerial photography. // Temple of Sra Sri,
Sukhothai (Thailand)
CALL NO: TH.SUK.01:1-2.
013051 - Unesco Preservation and Restoration Projects master plans : Sukhothai Historical Park Developpment
Project. Historic Gardens and Sites. Sukhothai Historical Park Development Project: Master Plan. Fine Arts
Department and Ministry of Education, Government of Thailand. Colombo, Sri Lanka National Committee of ICOMOS,
Central Cultural Fund (Sri Lanka), 1993. p. 159-200, illus.,plans, stats. (Central Cultural Fund Publication n) (127 :
Historic Gardens and Sites) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic gardens; historic landscapes; restoration; cultural tourism; Thailand. SECONDARY
KEYWORDS: financial aspects; parks.
// UNESCO // Sukhothai Historical Park (Thailand)
ACCESSION NO: 12523. CALL NO: J.H. 287. ISBN: 955-613-033-0. (Nongovernmental international organization).
013432 - Sukhothai and its Associated Cities. (s.l.); (s.n.), (s.d.). 31 slides: col. + 2 p. (various texts in tha, eng). Listed
as WHC 574 in 1991. Accompanying material: legends. Legends on mounts. One slide is in negative film form i.e. not
yet printed as a slide.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; archaeological sites; buddhas; maps; Thailand.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: archaeological remains; statues; slides; general views.
// Sukhothai (Thailand) // Si Satchanalai (Thailand) // Kamphaeng Phet (Thailand)
CALL NO: TH.SUK.02:1-31. (restricted).
019012 - Sukhothai: historical park development project. Master plan. Fine Arts Department. Government of Thailand;
Ministry of Education. Government of Thailand. Paris, UNESCO, 1982. 95p., illus., plans. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic gardens; development projects; master plans; world heritage list; Thailand. // Historic
town of Sukhothai and associated historic towns, Thailand (WHC 574)
236
021235 - Are Buddha statues in remains living heritage for local buddist people? case study on the conservation of
the giant Buddha statue at Sukhothai historical park in Thailand. Nishiura, Tadateru; Aranyanark, Chiraporn. Madrid,
ICOMOS, 2002. p. 173-176, illus. (eng). In: "XIII Asamblea General del ICOMOS. Actas".
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: statues; buddhas; conservation measures; conservation treatment; world heritage list;
Thailand. // Buddha // Sukhothai historical park, Thailand (WHC 574) ACCESSION NO: 14328.
027027 - Periodic Report: Historic Town of Sukhothai and Associated Historic Towns. The 6th Regional Office of Fine
Arts, Sukhothai Province, Thailand. [Paris], [UNESCO], [2003]. [10p.]. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage convention; world heritage list; periodic reports; historic towns; archaeological
sites; buddhas; conservation; management; monitoring; authenticity; Thailand.
// Historic Town of Sukhothai and Associated Historic Towns, Thailand (WHC 574)
032693 - Sukhothai and associated cities. Office of Environmental Policy and Planning. Bangkok, UNESCO, Office of
Environmental Policy and Planning, 1993. 28 p., illus.,plans. (same text in eng, tha).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic towns; world heritage list; temples; archaeological sites; archaeological remains;
buddhist architecture; Thailand.
// Historic Town of Sukhothai and Associated Historic Towns, Thailand (WHC 574)
035391 - Regional planning regarding sustainable heritage conservation and local development. ICOMOS Thailand.
Bangkok, ICOMOS Thailand, [2006]. p. 126-137, illus. In: "Proceedings of International Conference on 'Sustainable
local heritage conservation: the trandisciplinary approach' and ICOMOS Thailand Annual Meeting 2006" (tha). Incl.
abstract in English and bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: conservation of cultural heritage; local level; regional planning; development planning;
sustainable development; economic and social development; master plans; world heritage list; Thailand.
// Sukhothai Historical Park and Associated Historical Towns, Thailand (WHC 574)
ACCESSION NO: 15719 (3). ISBN: 978-974-417-865-7.
1991- Historic City of Ayutthaya and Associated Historic Towns / Ville
historique d'Ayutthaya et villes historiques associées (Criterion iii)
Brief description
Founded c. 1350, Ayutthaya became the second Siamese capital after Sukhothai. It was destroyed by
the Burmese in the 18th century. Its remains, characterized by the prang (reliquary towers) and
gigantic monasteries, give an idea of its past splendour.
Briève description
Fondée vers 1350, Ayutthaya devint la deuxième capitale siamoise après Sukhothaï. Elle fut détruite
e
par les Birmans au XVIII siècle. Ses vestiges, caractérisés par les prangs, ou tours-reliquaires, et par
des monastères aux proportions gigantesques, donnent une idée de sa splendeur passée.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
013431 - Historic City of Ayutthaya, Thailand. (s.l.),, (s.n.), (s.d.). 16 slides: col. (various texts in tha, eng). Listed as
WHC 576 in 1991. Legends on mounts.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; archaeological sites; public and civic architecture; maps; Thailand.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: archaeological remains; architectural drawings; fences; statues; slides.
// Historic City of Ayutthaya, Ayutthaya (Thailand) CALL NO: TH.AYU.03:1-16. (restricted).
014270 - Trails to Tropical Treasures : A tour of ASEAN's cultural heritage. A tour of ASEAN's cultural heritage.
US/ICOMOS; World Monuments Fund. Washington, US/ICOMOS, World Monument Fund, 1992. 64 p., illus., maps.
(eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: cultural heritage; World heritage list; architectural heritage; national level; South East Asia.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: legislation; threats; cultural organizations.
237
// Association of Southeast Asian Nations // Borobodur (Indonesia) // Ayutthaya (Thailand) // Baroque Bohol churches
(Philippines) ACCESSION NO: 12216. ISBN: 0-9627931-1-6.
015081 - The historical parks of Thailand. Thai Fine Arts Department. Bangkok, Fine Arts Department, 1995. 40 p.,
illus. (same text in tha, eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic gardens; world heritage list; descriptions; Thailand.
// Sukhothai (Thailand), (WHC 574) // Ayutthaya(Thailand), (WHC 576) // Phanon rung (Thailand)
025450 - Virtual reality, multimedia and archaeological sites: recent developments and applications. Ogleby, Clifford.
Paris, UNESCO, 2003. p. 153-164, illus. In: "Proceedings of the International Congress: More than two thousand
years in the history of architecture" (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: archaeological sites; new technologies; recording techniques; virtual reality; multimedia;
documentation; photogrammetry; internet; case studies.
// Ayutthaya, Thailand // Ned Kelly's Armour, Australia // Uluru, Australia (WHC 447) // Olimpia, Greece
032692 - Ayutthaya Historic City. Office of Environmental Policy and Planning. Bangkok, UNESCO, Office of
Environmental Policy and Planning, 1993. 28 p., illus.,plans. (same text in eng, tha).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic towns; world heritage list; temples; stupas; brick; archaeological heritage;
archaeological remains; Thailand.
// Historic city of Ayutthaya, Thailand (WHC 576)
1991- Thungyai - Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuaries / Sanctuaires de faune
de Thung Yai -Huai Kha Khaeng (Criteria vii - ix - x)
Brief description
Stretching over more than 600,000 ha along the Myanmar border, the sanctuaries, which are relatively
intact, contain examples of almost all the forest types of continental South-East Asia. They are home
to a very diverse array of animals, including 77% of the large mammals (especially elephants and
tigers), 50% of the large birds and 33% of the land vertebrates to be found in this region.
Briève description
S'étendant sur plus de 600 000 ha en bordure de la frontière avec le Myanmar, les sanctuaires,
demeurés en grande partie intacts, contiennent presque toutes les formations forestières de l'Asie du
Sud-Est continentale. Ils abritent un ensemble d'espèces animales très divers, dont 77 % des grands
mammifères (notamment éléphants et tigres), 50 % des grands oiseaux et 33 % des vertébrés
terrestres que l'on trouve dans cette région.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
015951 - Thung Yai-Huai Kha Khaeng wildlife sanctuary. Thai National World Heritage Committee. Bangkok, Thai
National World Heritage Committee, 1991. 24 p., illus. (same text in eng, tha).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: natural heritage; world heritage list; wildlife; Thailand.
// Thung Yai-Huai Kha Khaeng wildlife sanctuary (Thailand), (WHC 591)
016752 - World natural heritage and the local community. Case studies from Asia-Pacific, Australia and New Zealand.
Thulstrup, Hans D., ed. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Paris, UNESCO, 1999. 215 p. (eng). Incl. list of contributors.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: natural heritage; world cultural heritage; world heritage convention; natural sites;
conservation; local level; local communities; community participation; management; human environment.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: case studies; Asia; Pacific Islands; Australia; New Zealand.
238
// Workshop on the role of local communities in the management of World Natural Heritage in Southest Asia, West
Pacific, Australia and New Zealand. Thung Yai-Huay Kha Khaeng, Thailand, 1998
016776 - The first World Heritage site in the region : Thung Yai-Huay Kha Khaeng : what was still is. Thai Royal
Forest Department. Paris, UNESCO, 1999. p.207-209. (eng). In : "World Natural Heritage and the local community",
Incl.bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; natural heritage; conservation; national parks; Thailand.
// Thung Yai-Huay Ka Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuaries, Thailand (WHC 591)
019151 - Metals from the forests: mining and forest degradation. Finger, Andréa; Rondón, Glevys; Garnett, Tommy;
Innes, Larry. [Gland], Arborvitae, IUCN, WWF, 1999. 36p., illus. (Special supplement of Arborvitae) (same text in eng,
spa, fre). Los bosques y sus minerales: minería y degradación. spa. Les métaux issus de la fôret: développement
minier et dégradation des fôrets. fre. Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: forests; mines; minerals; deterioration; national parks; case studies.
// Canaima National Park (WHC 701) // Imataca Reserve, Venezuela // Kamchatka Peninsula, Russian Federation //
Voisey Bay, Labrador, Canada // Mount Fuliban, Papua New Guinea // Thung yai- Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife
Sanctuaries, Thailand (WHC 591) // Kakadu National Park, Australia (WHC 147) // Bom Futura, Amazonia, Brazil //
Kalimantan, Indonesia
1992- Ban Chiang Archaeological Site / Site archéologique de Ban Chiang
(Criterion iii)
Brief description
Ban Chiang is considered the most important prehistoric settlement so far discovered in South-East
Asia. It marks an important stage in human cultural, social and technological evolution. The site
presents the earliest evidence of farming in the region and of the manufacture and use of metals.
Briève description
Considéré comme le plus important habitat préhistorique découvert à ce jour en Asie du Sud-Est, Ban
Chiang a marqué une étape importante dans l'évolution culturelle, sociale et technologique de
l'homme. Le site témoigne de l'existence d'activités agricoles ainsi que de la production et de
l'utilisation de métaux.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
013978 - Ban Chiang, archaeological site, Thailand. (s.l.), (s.n.), (s.d.). 25 slides: col. + 2p.typescript + 5 slides. (eng).
From WHC dossier 575 listed in 1992.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; archaeological sites; archaeological finds; prehistoric sites; Thailand.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: terra cotta; metals; ceramics; tools; jewelry; pottery; slides.
// Ban Chiang, archaeological site (Thailand)
CALL NO: TH.BAN.04: 1-25 (WHC 575). (restricted).
027026 - Periodic Report: Ban Chiang Archaeological Sites. Ban Chiang National Museum, Fine Arts Department,
Thailand. [Paris], [UNESCO], [2003]. 8p. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage convention; world heritage list; periodic reports; conservation; archaeological
sites; management; monitoring; tourists; attendance rate; archaeological finds; Thailand.
// Ban Chiang Archaeological Sites, Thailand (WHC 575)
032691 - Ban Chiang Archaeological Site. Office of Environmental Policy and Planning. Bangkok, UNESCO, Office of
Environmental Policy and Planning, 1993. 27 p., illus. (same text in eng, tha).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: archaeological sites; world heritage list; archaeological remains; archaeological finds;
pottery; ceramics; Thailand.
239
// Ban Chiang Archaeological Site, Thailand (WHC 574)
2005 - Dong Phayayen - Khao Yai Forest Complex / Complexe forestier de Dong
Phayayen-Khao Yai (Criterion x)
Brief description
The Dong Phayayen-Khao Yai Forest Complex spans 230km between Ta Phraya National Park on the
Cambodian border in the east, and Khao Yai National Park in the west. It is a rugged mountainous
area ranging between 100m to 1,351m high with about 7,500 of its 615,500 hectares above 1,000m.
The north side is drained by several tributaries of the Mun River, itself a tributary of the Mekong River.
The southern side is drained by numerous scenic waterfalls and gorges and four main fast streams
that flow into the Prachinburi River. The site is home to more than 800 species of fauna, including 112
mammal species (among them two species of gibbon), 392 species of birds and 200 reptiles and
amphibians. It is internationally important for the conservation of globally threatened and endangered
mammal, bird and reptile species, among them 19 that are vulnerable, four that are endangered, and
one that is critically endangered. The area contains substantial and important tropical forest
ecosystems, which can provide a viable habitat for the long-term survival of these species.
Briève description
Le complexe forestier de Dong Phayayen - Khao Yai s‟étend sur 230 km entre le Parc national de Ta
Phraya à la frontière cambodgienne à l‟est, et le Parc national Khao Yai à l‟ouest. C‟est une zone de
reliefs montagneux s‟élevant de 100 m à 1 351 m d‟altitude avec 7 500 de ses 615 500 hectares au
dessus de 1 000 mètres. Sa partie nord est irriguée par des affluents de la rivière Mun, elle-même
affluent du fleuve Mékong. La partie sud est drainée par de nombreuses cascades et des gorges
spectaculaires et quatre cours d‟eau principaux à fort débit qui se déversent dans le fleuve
Prachinburi. Le site est l‟habitat de plus de 800 espèces de faune, parmi lesquelles 112 espèces de
mammifères (dont deux espèces de gibbons), 392 espèces d‟oiseaux et 200 de reptiles et
d‟amphibiens. Il est d‟importance internationale pour la conservation des espèces de mammifères,
d‟oiseaux et de reptiles menacées et en danger sur Terre, parmi lesquelles 19 sont vulnérables,
quatre en danger, et une en danger critique d‟extinction. La zone contient des écosystèmes forestiers
tropicaux de première importance, qui peuvent constituer un habitat viable pour la survie à long terme
de ces espèces.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
016777 - Khao Yai National Park, Thailand. Thai Royal Forest Department. Paris, UNESCO, 1999. p.210. (eng). In :
"World Natural Heritage and the local community", Incl.bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: natural heritage; national parks; Thailand.
// Khao Yai National Park, Thailand
240
Turkmenistan / Turkménistan
1999- State Historical and Cultural Park "Ancient Merv" / Parc national
historique et culturel de l’« Ancienne Merv » (Criteria ii - iii)
Brief description
Merv is the oldest and best-preserved of the oasis-cities along the Silk Route in Central Asia. The
remains in this vast oasis span 4,000 years of human history. A number of monuments are still visible,
particularly from the last two millennia.
Briève description
Merv est la plus ancienne et la mieux préservée des cités-oasis le long de la Route de la soie en Asie
centrale. Les vestiges de cette vaste oasis couvrent quatre milliers d'années d'histoire humaine, et un
certain nombre de monuments, particulièrement des deux derniers millénaires, restent visibles.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
017755 - State historical and cultural park of "Ancient Merv". 60 slides: col. (eng). From WHC 886 listed in 1999; 2
pages typescript.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: mausolea; fortified architecture; world heritage list; aerial photography; palaces; stone
carving; wall paintings; brickworks; Turkmenistan.
// State historical and cultural park of "Ancient Merv", Turkmenistan (WHC 886
CALL NO: TM.MER.01: 1-60 (WHC 886).
017756 - State historical and cultural park of "Ancient Merv". 01 slides: col. (eng). From WHC 886 listed in 1999
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: maps; world heritage list; Turkmenistan.
// State historical and cultural park of "Ancient Merv", Turkmenistan (WHC 886)
CALL NO: TM.MER.02: 01 (WHC 886).
022666 - The Ancient Cities of Merv Turkmenistan - A Visitor's Guide. [Pamiatniki drevnevo merva turkmenistan putevoditel]. Herrmann, Georgina; Petersen, Andrew. London, Insititute of Archaeology, University College London,
1997. 72 p., illus. (same text in eng, rus). From WHC 886 listed in 1999
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; Turkmenistan; mausolea; archaeology; oasis; museums; Central Asia;
ruins; fortified architecture. SECONDARY KEYWORDS: tourist guidebooks.
// State historical and Cultural Park "Ancient Merv", Turkmenistan (WHC 886) ACCESSION NO: WHC 886 (1).
022670 - The Archaeological Map of the Murghab Delta Preliminary Reports 1990-95. Text and Figures. Maps.
Gubaev, A.; Koshekenko, G.; Tosi, M. (eds.). IsIAO. Roma, IsIAO, 1998. 299p., illus. 5 maps + 1 p. contents. (Reports
and Memoirs - Series Minor Volume III) (eng). incl. 2 vol. 1: text and figures; 2: maps
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; Turkmenistan; mausolea; archaeology; oasis; museums; Central Asia;
ruins; fortified architecture; surveys. SECONDARY KEYWORDS: maps.
// State historical and Cultural Park "Ancient Merv", Turkmenistan (WHC 886) ACCESSION NO: WHC 886 (2) 1/2.
026511 - Adobe Architecture, past and present. Mutal, Sylvio. Madrid, San Marcos, UNESCO, 2003. p.4-21, illus.,
map. (World Heritage Review. 31) (same text in eng, fre, spa). Arquitectura en Adobe del Patrimonio Mundial. spa.
Architecture passée et présente en Adobe. fre.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: adobe; earth; building materials; earth architecture; world heritage list.
// Ancient Merv, Turkmenistan (WHC 886) // Chan, Chan, Peru (WHC 366) // Cliff of Bandiagara, Mali (WHC 516) //
Joya de Cerén, El Salvador (WHC 675) // Old Towns of Djenné, Mali (WHC 116) // Pueblo de Taos, USA (WHC 492)
241
2005 - Kunya-Urgench (Criteria ii - iii)
Brief description
Kunya-Urgench is situated in northwestern Turkmenistan, on the south side of the Amu Daria River.
Urgench was the capital of the Khorezm region, part of the Achaemenid Empire. The old town
contains a series of monuments mainly from the 11th to 16th centuries, including a mosque, the gates
of a caravanserai, fortresses, mausoleums and a minaret. The monuments testify to outstanding
achievements in architecture and craftsmanship whose influence reached Iran and Afghanistan, and
later the architecture of the Mogul Empire of 16th-century India.
Briève description
Kunya-Urgench est située dans le nord-ouest du Turkménistan, sur la rive Sud de l‟Amou Daria.
Urgench était la capitale de la région du Khorezm, qui appartenait à l‟empire achéménide. La vieille
ville inclut une série de monuments datant essentiellement du XIe au XVIe siècles. Ces constructions,
qui comprennent une mosquée, les portes d‟un caravansérail, des forteresses, des mausolées et un
minaret, témoignent des fabuleuses réalisations architecturales et artistiques dont le rayonnement est
parvenu jusqu‟en Iran et en Afghanistan, et qui plus tard ont influencé l‟architecture de l‟empire
moghol dans l‟Inde du XVIe siècle.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
027301 - Kunya-Urgench. UNESCO. 54 slides. (eng). From WHC 1199, listed in 2005.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; mosques; fortresses; mausolea; historic towns; Turkmenistan.
// Kunya-Urgench, Turkmenistan (WHC 1199)
ACCESSION NO: TM.KUN.03.1-54 (WHC 1199).
2007- Parthian Fortresses of Nisa / Forteresses parthes de Nisa (Criteria ii - iii)
Brief Description
The Parthian Fortresses of Nisa consist of two tells of Old and New Nisa, indicating the site of one of
the earliest and most important cities of the Parthian Empire, a major power from the mid 3rd century
BC to the 3rd century AD. They conserve the unexcavated remains of an ancient civilization which
skilfully combined its own traditional cultural elements with those of the Hellenistic and Roman west.
Archaeological excavations in two parts of the site have revealed richly decorated architecture,
illustrative of domestic, state and religious functions. Situated at the crossroads of important
commercial and strategic axes, this powerful empire formed a barrier to Roman expansion while
serving as an important communication and trading centre between east and west, north and south.
242
Nisa was the capital of the Parthian Empire, which dominated this region of central Asia from the mid
3rd century BCE to the early 3rd century CE. As such it formed a barrier to Roman expansion, whilst
at the same time serving as an important communications and trading centre, at the crossroads of
north-south and east-west routes. Its political and economic power is well illustrated by the surviving
remains, which underline the interaction between central Asian and Mediterranean cultures.
Criterion (ii): Nisa is situated at the crossroads of important commercial and strategic axes. The
archaeological remains vividly illustrate the significant interaction of cultural influences from central
Asia and from the Mediterranean world.
Criterion (iii): The Parthian Empire was one of the most powerful and influential civilizations of the
ancient world, and a brilliant rival of Rome which prevented the expansion of the Roman Empire to the
east. Nisa, the capital of the Parthian Empire, is the outstanding symbol of the significance of this
imperial power.
The integrity and authenticity of the property, and also of the surrounding landscape, in terms of the
size of the two tells and the siting of the capital at the foot of the Kopet-Dag mountains, are
unquestionable. The two tells do not in any sense represent the original appearance of the Parthian
capital, but their present appearance is due solely to natural erosion.
The site is gazetted as one of the 1,300 historical and cultural monuments of Turkmenistan. Nisa is
also one of the eight State Historical and Cultural Parks (SHCP) that have been created to protect the
most significant sites in Turkmenistan. A buffer zone has been established. The property comes within
the provisions of the Bagyr town development plan. Serious efforts are still needed to set up an
efficient preventive maintenance scheme that will ensure the survival of recently excavated parts of
the site. A five-year plan has been formulated for 2006-2010, in order to ensure a better balance
between the different activities (e.g. archaeology vis-à-vis conservation) and to combine and
harmonize all the existing documents and strategies relating to the site.
Brève description
Les deux tells de l‟ancienne et de la nouvelle Nisa signalent le site de l‟une des plus anciennes et
importantes cités de l‟Empire parthe, une grande puissance du milieu du IIIe siècle av. J.-C jusqu‟au
IIIe siècle de notre ère. Ces tells conservent enfouis dans leur sol les vestiges d‟une puissante
civilisation antique qui associa avec ingéniosité des éléments de sa culture traditionnelle avec ceux
des cultures occidentales hellénistique et romaine. Des fouilles archéologiques dans deux parties du
site ont révélé une architecture richement décorée correspondant à des fonctions domestiques,
officielles et religieuses. Situé au carrefour d‟importants axes commerciaux et stratégiques, cet empire
puissant formait une barrière à l‟expansion romaine tout en servant d‟important centre de
communication et de négoce entre l‟est et l‟ouest, le nord et le sud.
Nisa fut la capitale de l'Empire parthe qui domina cette région d'Asie centrale du milieu du IIIe siècle
av. J.-C. jusqu'à l'aube du IIIe siècle de notre ère. En cette qualité, elle forma un rempart contre
l'expansion romaine, tout en servant de centre important pour le commerce et les communications, au
carrefour des routes nord-sud et est-ouest. Sa puissance économique et politique est bien illustrée par
les vestiges subsistant qui soulignent l'interaction entre les cultures de l'Asie centrale et de la
Méditerranée.
Critère (ii): Nisa est située au carrefour d'axes commerciaux et stratégiques importants. Les vestiges
archéologiques illustrent de manière vivante la profonde interaction des influences culturelles de l'Asie
centrale et du monde méditerranéen.
Critère (iii): L'Empire parthe fut l'une des civilisations les plus puissantes et les plus influentes du
monde antique, un brillant rival de Rome qui empêcha l'expansion vers l'est de l'Empire romain. Nisa,
la capitale de l'Empire parthe, est le symbole exceptionnel de l'importance de ce pouvoir impérial.
L'intégrité et l'authenticité du bien ainsi que du paysage environnant sont incontestables, en ce qui
concerne les dimensions des deux tells et l'emplacement de la capitale au pied des montagnes de
Kopet-Dag. Les deux tells ne représentent en aucun cas l'aspect d'origine de la capitale parthe, mais
leur aspect actuel est uniquement le résultat de l'érosion naturelle.
243
Le site est officiellement enregistré comme l'un des 1 300 monuments historiques et culturels du
Turkménistan. Nisa est également l'un des huit parcs nationaux historiques et culturels (SHCP), créés
pour protéger les plus importants sites turkmènes. Une zone tampon a été établie. Le bien entre dans
le champ d'application du plan de développement de la ville de Bagyr. De sérieux efforts restent à
faire pour instaurer un système efficace d'entretien préventif, garantissant la survie des parties du site
récemment mises au jour. Un plan quinquennal a donc été rédigé pour la période 2006-2010, afin
d'assurer un meilleur équilibre entre les diverses activités (par ex. l'archéologie par rapport à la
conservation) et d'associer en les harmonisant tous les documents et stratégies existants qui se
rapportent au site.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
031600 - Parthian fortresses of Nisa. UNESCO. 9 slides: col. (eng). From WHC 1242 listed in 2007.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; fortresses; military architecture; Turkmenistan.
// Nisa, Turkmenistan
CALL NO: TM.NIS.04:1-9 (WHC 1242).
United States of America / Etats-Unis d’Amérique
2010 – Papahānaumokuākea (Criteria iii - vi - viii - ix - x)
Brief description
Papahānaumokuākea is a vast and isolated linear cluster of small, low lying islands and atolls, with
their surrounding ocean, roughly 250 km to the northwest of the main Hawaiian Archipelago and
extending over some 1931 km. The area has deep cosmological and traditional significance for living
Native Hawaiian culture, as an ancestral environment, as an embodiment of the Hawaiian concept of
kinship between people and the natural world, and as the place where it is believed that life originates
and to where the spirits return after death. On two of the islands, Nihoa and Makumanamana, there
are archaeological remains relating to pre-European settlement and use. Much of the monument is
made up of pelagic and deepwater habitats, with notable features such as seamounts and submerged
banks, extensive coral reefs and lagoons. It is one of the largest marine protected areas (MPAs) in the
world.
Papahānaumokuākea is the name given to a vast and isolated linear cluster of small, low lying islands
and atolls, with their surrounding ocean, extending some 1,931 kilometres to the north west of the
main Hawaiian Archipelago, located in the north-central Pacific Ocean. The property comprises the
Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument, which extends almost 2000 km from southeast to
northwest.
The property includes a significant portion of the Hawai‟i-Emperor hotspot trail, constituting an
outstanding example of island hotspot progression. Much of the property is made up of pelagic and
deepwater habitats, with notable features such as seamounts and submerged banks, extensive coral
reefs, lagoons and 14 km2 emergent lands distributed between a number of eroded high islands,
pinnacles, atoll islands and cays. With a total area of around 362,075 km2 it is one of the largest
marine protected areas in the world. The geomorphological history and isolation of the archipelago
244
have led to the development of an extraordinary range of habitats and features, including an extremely
high degree of endemism. Largely as a result of its isolation, marine ecosystems and ecological
processes are virtually intact, leading to exceptional biomass accumulated in large apex predators.
Island environments have, however, been altered through human use, and although some change is
irreversible there are also examples of successful restoration. The area is host to numerous
endangered or threatened species, both terrestrial and marine, some of which depend solely on
Papahānaumokuākea for their survival.
The pristine natural heritage of the area has deep cosmological and traditional significance for living
Native Hawaiian culture, as an ancestral environment, as an embodiment of the Hawaiian concept of
kinship between people and the natural world, and as the place where it is believed that life originates
and where the spirits return to after death.
On two of the islands, Nihoa and Makumanamana, there are archaeological remains relating to preEuropean settlement and use, including a large ensemble of shrines, heiau, of a type specific to
Papahānaumokuākea, but which resemble those of inland Tahiti. These, together with the sites of
stone figures that show a strong relationship to similar carvings in the Marquesas, can be said to
contribute to an understanding of Hawaiians strong cultural affiliation with Tahiti and the Marquesas.
Criterion (iii): The well preserved heiau shrines on Nihoa and Mokumanamana, and their associated
still living traditions are both distinctive to Hawai‟i but, positioned within a wider 3,000 year old
Pacific/Polynesian marae-ahu cultural continuum, they can be seen as an exceptional testimony to the
strong cultural affiliation between Hawai‟i, Tahiti and the Marquesas, resulting from long periods of
migration.
Criterion (vi): The vibrant and persistent beliefs associated with Papahānaumokuākea are of
outstanding significance as a key element in Pacific socio-cultural evolutionary patterns of beliefs and
provide a profound understanding of the key roles that ancient marae-ahu, such as those found in
Raiatea, the „centre‟ of Polynesia, once fulfilled. These living traditions of the Hawaiians that celebrate
the natural abundance of Papahānaumokuākea and its association with sacred realms of life and
death, are directly and tangibly associated with the heiau shrines of Nihoa and Mokumanamana and
the pristine islands beyond to the north-west.
Criterion (viii): The property provides an illustrating example of island hotspot progression, formed as
a result of a relatively stationary hotspot and stable tectonic plate movement. Comprising a major
portion of the world‟s longest and oldest volcanic chain, the scale, distinctness and linearity of the
manifestation of these geological processes in Papahānaumokuākea are unrivalled and have shaped
our understanding of plate tectonics and hotspots. The geological values of the property are directly
connected to the values in Hawai‟i Volcanoes National Park and World Heritage property and jointly
present a very significant testimony of hotspot volcanism.
Criterion (ix): The large area of the property encompasses a multitude of habitats, ranging from 4,600
m below sea level to 275 m above sea level, including abyssal areas, seamounts and submerged
banks, coral reefs, shallow lagoons, littoral shores, dunes, dry grasslands and shrublands and a
hypersaline lake. The size of the archipelago, its biogeographic isolation as well as the distance
between islands and atolls has led to distinct and varied habitat types and species assemblages.
Papahānaumokuākea constitutes a remarkable example of ongoing evolutionary and bio-geographical
processes, as illustrated by its exceptional ecosystems, speciation from single ancestral species,
species assemblages and very high degree of marine and terrestrial endemism. For example, a
quarter of the nearly 7,000 presently known marine species in the area are endemic. Over a fifth of the
fish species are unique to the archipelago while coral species endemism is over 40%. As many
species and habitats remain to be studied in detail these numbers are likely to rise. Because of its
isolation, scale and high degree of protection the property provides an unrivalled example of reef
ecosystems which are still dominated by top predators such as sharks, a feature lost from most other
island environments due to human activity.
Criterion (x): The terrestrial and marine habitats of Papahānaumokuākea are crucial for the survival
of many endangered or vulnerable species the distributions of which are highly or entirely restricted to
245
the area. This includes the critically endangered Hawaiian Monk Seal, four endemic bird species
(Laysan Duck, Laysan Finch, Nihoa Finch and Nihoa Millerbird, and six species of endangered plants
such as the Fan Palm. Papahānaumokuākea is a vital feeding, nesting, and nursery habitat for many
other species, including seabirds, sea turtles and cetaceans. With 5.5 million sea birds nesting in the
monument every year and 14 million residing in it seasonally it is collectively the largest tropical
seabird rookery in the world, and includes 99% of the world‟s Laysan Albatross (vulnerable) and 98%
of the world‟s Black-footed Albatross (endangered). Despite relatively low species diversity compared
to many other coral reef environments, the property is thus of very high in situ biodiversity
conservation value.
Brève description
Papahānaumokuākea est le nom d'un vaste groupe linéaire et isolé de petites îles et atolls à faible
altitude (océan autour compris) situées à près de 250 km au nord-ouest du principal archipel hawaiien
et qui s'étendent sur environ 1931 km. Le site possède une signification cosmologique pour les natifs
hawaiiens, en tant qu'environnement ancestral, incarnation du concept de parenté entre les hommes
et le monde naturel, berceau de la vie et terre d'accueil des esprits après la mort. Sur deux des îles,
Nihoa et Makumanamana, on trouve des vestiges archéologiques relatifs au peuplement et à
l'occupation des sols à l'époque pré-européenne. C'est aussi une zone d'habitats pélagiques et d'eaux
profondes avec des caractéristiques remarquables telles que des monts sous-marins et des bancs
submergés, de vastes récifs coralliens et des lagons. Il s'agit de l'une des aires marines protégées les
plus vastes du monde.
Papahanaumokuakea est le nouveau nom d‟un grand groupe linéaire et isolé de petites îles et atolls à
faible altitude (océan autour compris), qui s‟étendent à environ 1 931 kilomètres au nord-ouest du
principal archipel hawaiien. Situé dans l‟océan Pacifique centre nord, le Monument national marin
Papahānaumokuākea s‟étend sur près de 2000 km du sud est au nord ouest.
Il correspond à un secteur important du point chaud de la chaîne Hawaï-Empereur, constituant un
exemple exceptionnel de la progression d‟un point chaud insulaire. Une bonne partie du monument
est composée d‟habitats pélagiques et d‟eaux profondes, avec des caractéristiques remarquables
telles que des monts sous-marins et des bancs submergés, de vastes récifs coralliens, des lagons et
14 km2 de terres émergentes distribuées entre plusieurs îles hautes et érodées, pinacles, atolls et
guyots. Avec une superficie totale d‟environ 362 075 km2, c‟est une des aires marines protégées
(AMP) les plus vastes du monde. L‟histoire géomorphologique et l‟isolement de l‟archipel ont permis le
développement d‟une gamme extraordinaire d‟habitats et de caractéristiques, y compris un
endémisme extrêmement élevé. C‟est essentiellement grâce à l‟isolement que les écosystèmes
marins et les processus écologiques sont restés pratiquement intacts, ce qui explique la biomasse
accumulée exceptionnelle de grands prédateurs du sommet de la chaîne trophique. Les milieux
insulaires ont cependant été modifiés par des activités anthropiques mais, bien que certains
changements soient irréversibles, on note aussi des exemples de restauration réussie. La zone abrite
de nombreuses espèces terrestres et marines, en danger ou menacées, dont certaines dépendent
uniquement du Papahānaumokuākea pour leur survie.
Le patrimoine naturel préservé de la zone possède une profonde signification cosmologique et
traditionnelle pour la culture vivante des natifs hawaïens, en tant qu‟environnement ancestral,
incarnation du concept hawaïen de parenté entre les hommes et le monde naturel, berceau de la vie
et terre d‟accueil des esprits après la mort.
Sur deux des îles, Nihoa et Makumanamana, on trouve des vestiges archéologiques relatifs au
peuplement et à l‟occupation des sols à l‟époque pré-européenne, avec un vaste ensemble de
sanctuaires d‟un type propre à Papahanaumokuakea mais qui ressemble à ceux de l‟intérieur des
terres de Tahiti. Ceux-ci et les sites où on a retrouvé des figures de pierre, qui montrent une relation
forte avec des sculptures similaires dans les Marquises, peuvent être considérés contribuer à la
compréhension d‟une étroite affiliation culturelle hawaïenne avec Tahiti et les Marquises.
Justification pour l‟inscription
Critère (iii): Les sanctuaires heiau bien préservés sur Nihoa et Mokumanamana et leurs traditions
vivantes associées sont tous propres à Hawaï mais, positionnés dans le contexte d‟un continuum
culturel marae-ahu Pacifique/Polynésie plus vaste, vieux de 3 000 ans, ils peuvent être vus comme un
246
témoignage exceptionnel de l‟étroite affiliation culturelle entre Hawaï, Tahiti et les Marquises, résultant
de longues périodes de migration.
Critère (vi): Les croyances vibrantes et persistantes associées à Papahanaumokuakea sont d‟une
importance exceptionnelle en tant qu‟éléments clés des formes d‟évolution socioculturelle des
croyances du Pacifique, et apportent une profonde compréhension des rôles fondamentaux que les
anciens marae-ahu, tels que ceux que l‟on trouvait à Raiatea, le « centre » de la Polynésie,
remplissaient jadis. Ces traditions vivantes des Hawaïens qui célèbrent l‟abondance naturelle de
Papahanaumokuakea et son association avec les royaumes sacrés de la vie et de la mort, sont
directement et matériellement associés aux sanctuaires heiau de Nihoa et de Mokumanamana et aux
îles intouchées au-delà du nord-ouest.
Critère (viii): Le bien offre un excellent exemple de la progression d‟un point chaud insulaire résultant
d‟un point chaud relativement stationnaire et du mouvement stable de la plaque tectonique.
Papahanaumokuakea comprend une grande partie de la chaîne volcanique la plus longue et la plus
ancienne de la planète, de sorte que l‟échelle, la particularité et la linéarité de la manifestation de ces
processus géologiques dans Papahanaumokuakea n‟ont pas d‟équivalent et nous ont permis de
comprendre les plaques tectoniques et les points chauds. Les valeurs géologiques du bien sont
directement liées aux valeurs que l‟on trouve dans le Parc national et Bien du patrimoine mondial des
volcans d‟Hawaï qui offre, conjointement avec Papahanaumokuakea, un témoignage extrêmement
important du volcanisme de point chaud.
Critère (ix): Dans sa vaste superficie, le bien contient une multitude d‟habitats allant de 4600 m audessous du niveau de la mer à 275 m au-dessus du niveau de la mer, y compris des abysses, des
monts sous-marins et des bancs submergés, des récifs coralliens, des lagons peu profonds, des
littoraux, des dunes, des prairies sèches et des broussailles ainsi qu‟un lac sursalé. Les dimensions
de l‟archipel, son isolement biogéographique ainsi que la distance qui sépare les îles et les atolls ont
permis la formation de types d‟habitats et d‟assemblages d‟espèces distincts et variés.
Papahanaumokuakea constitue un exemple remarquable des processus biogéographiques et
d‟évolution en cours comme l‟illustrent ses écosystèmes extraordinaires, la spéciation à partir
d‟espèces ancestrales, les assemblages d‟espèces et le degré très élevé d‟endémisme marin et
terrestre. Ainsi, un quart des quelque 7000 espèces marines actuellement connues dans la région est
endémique. Plus d‟un cinquième des espèces de poissons n‟existe que dans cet archipel tandis que
l‟endémisme des espèces coralliennes dépasse 40%. Comme il reste beaucoup d‟espèces et
d‟habitats à étudier en détail, il est probable que ces chiffres augmenteront. En raison de son
isolement, de son échelle et de la protection extrêmement stricte, le bien offre un exemple sans pareil
de système récifal encore dominé par de grands prédateurs tels que les requins, une caractéristique
ayant disparu de la plupart des milieux insulaires par suite des activités anthropiques.
Critère (x): Les habitats terrestres et marins du Papahanaumokuakea sont cruciaux pour la survie de
nombreuses espèces en danger ou vulnérables dont la distribution est soit entièrement, soit fortement
limitée à la région. On peut citer le phoque moine d‟Hawaï en danger critique d‟extinction, quatre
espèces endémiques d‟oiseaux (le canard de Laysan, le psyttirostre de Laysan, le psyttirostre de
Nihoa et la rousserolle de Nihoa) et six espèces de plantes en danger comme le palmier Pritchardia
remota. Papahanaumokuakea comprend des habitats de nourrissage, de reproduction et de nurserie
pour beaucoup d‟autres espèces, y compris des oiseaux marins, des tortues marines et des cétacés.
Avec 5,5 millions d‟oiseaux marins qui nichent chaque année dans le monument et 14 millions qui y
résident de façon saisonnière, il s‟agit, collectivement, de la plus grande colonie d‟oiseaux marins
tropicaux du monde. L‟on y trouve 99% des albatros de Laysan (vulnérables) de la planète et 98% des
albatros à pieds noirs (en danger) du monde. Bien que la diversité des espèces soit relativement faible
en comparaison avec beaucoup d‟autres milieux de récifs coralliens, le bien a une très grande valeur
pour la conservation in situ de la biodiversité.
247
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
003581 - Contribution des organismes des Nations Unies à la préservation et à la gestion du patrimoine culturel et
naturel de l'Asie et du Pacifique. Genève, Nations Unies, 1984. 56 p. (same text in fre, eng). Contribution of the
United Nations system to conservation and management of cultural and natural heritage in Asia and the Pacific. eng.
Policy, legislative and administrative framework for heritage conservation in some countries of Asia and the Pacific
Region.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: conservation of cultural heritage; conservation of natural heritage; legislation; administrative
structures; training; international cooperation; Asia.
// UNESCO // (UICN) Union Internationale pour la Conservation de la Nature et de ses Ressources
ACCESSION NO: 8087.
005991 - Heritage conservation training seminar. Honolulu, 1982. Heritage conservation training seminar workbook.
San Francisco, PATA, 1983. 145 p. (eng). Incl. resolutions.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: conservation of historic monuments; conservation of historic sites; theory of conservation;
conservation policy; legislation; vernacular architecture; cultural tourism; USA; Australia; Asia; Japan; Macao; Nepal.
// PATA - Pacific Area Travel Association
ACCESSION NO: 8648.
019586 - Cultural heritage in Asia and the Pacific: conservation and policy. Honolulu, Hawaii, september 1991.
Proceedings of a Symposium held in Honolulu, Hawaii, September 8-1, 1991. Mac Lean, Margaret G.H., ed. The
Getty Conservation Institute. Los Angeles, GCI, 1993. 117 p. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: cultural heritage; conservation policy; Asia; Pacific Islands.
019603 - Legal and policy issues in the protection of cultural heritage in South Asia and the Pacific. Costin, Cathy
Lynne. Los Angeles, GCI, 1993. p. 27-62. In: "Cultural heritage in Asia and the Pacific: conservation and policy" (eng).
Incl. bibl. and annexes.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: protection of cultural heritage; conservation policy; legal protection; Asia; Pacific Islands.
028971 - Protection of underwater cultural heritage in French Polynesia fifteen years of work by GRAN. Guérout, Max;
Veccella, Robert. Paris, ICOMOS, 2006. p. 93-95, illus. (Heritage at Risk 2006 - Special Edition) (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: underwater heritage; underwater archaeology; conservation; underwater sites; French
Polynesia.
// GRAN (Groupe de Recherche en Archéologie Navale) // Tupaparau, Mo'orea, French Polynesia
ACCESSION NO: 15069. CALL NO: S.M. 89.
031958 - Taonga Pasifika. World heritage in the Pacific. UNESCO. s.l., UNESCO, 2007. 44 p., illus. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: coastal protection; natural heritage; natural landscape; natural sites; natural parks; nature
reserves; environment; aboriginal cultures; cultural identity; cultural heritage; archaeology; archaeological remains;
prehistoric sites; USA; Chile; Micronesia; Pacific Islands; Papua New Guinea.
// Pacific Ocean // Pacific Islands // Hawai, USA // New Caledonia, France
248
Uzbekistan / Ouzbékistan
1990- Itchan Kala / Itchan Kala (Criteria iii - iv - v)
Brief description
Itchan Kala is the inner town (protected by brick walls some 10 m high) of the old Khiva oasis, which
was the last resting-place of caravans before crossing the desert to Iran. Although few very old
monuments still remain, it is a coherent and well-preserved example of the Muslim architecture of
Central Asia. There are several outstanding structures such as the Djuma Mosque, the mausoleums
and the madrasas and the two magnificent palaces built at the beginning of the 19th century by AllaKulli-Khan.
Briève description
Itchan Kala est la ville intérieure, retranchée derrière des murailles de brique hautes d'une dizaine de
mètres, de l'ancienne oasis de Khiva, qui était l'ultime étape des caravaniers avant de traverser le
désert en direction de l'Iran. Bien qu'ayant conservé peu de monuments très anciens, elle constitue un
exemple cohérent et bien préservé d'architecture musulmane de l'Asie centrale avec des
constructions remarquables comme la mosquée Djouma, les mausolées et les medersa et les deux
e
magnifiques palais édifiés au début du XIX siècle par le khan Alla-Kouli.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
013950 - Itchan Kala, Uzbekistan. (s.l.), (s.n.), (s.d.). 51 slides: col.(2 copies). (eng). From WHC dossier 543 listed in
1990. No legend. Copy 2: 10 slides missing.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; historic town centres; public and civic architecture; islamic architecture;
Uzbekistan.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: religious architecture; domes; walls; mosques; towers; streets; fortifications; doors;
general views; ceramic tiles; slides. // Itchan Kala (Uzbekistan)
CALL NO: UZ.ITK.02: 1-51 (WHC 543). (restricted).
022538 - [Khiva gosudarstwenyui istoriko-archtekturnyui museî-zapovednik Itchan-Kala - Putevoditjel]. Zakhidov, P.
S. Tashkent, [Isdatjelsvo ZK Kompartiï Uzbekistana], 1988. 60 p., illus. (rus).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic towns; historic town centres; islamic architecture; world heritage list; Uzbekistan;
mosaics; mausolea; museums.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: tourist guidebooks.
// Khiva, Uzbekistan // Itchan Kala, Uzbekistan (WHC 543)
022539 - Itchan Kala of Khiva. (s.l.), (s.n.), (s.d.). 51 photos: col.(20 doubles). (eng). From WHC dossier 543 listed in
1990. No legend, maps, plans incl.
Uzbekistan; interiors; mosques; towers; fortifications; general views; ceramic tiles. SECONDARY KEYWORDS:
photographies. // Itchan Kala (Uzbekistan)
034438 - Influences of human activity on deformation of ancient structures Ichan-Kala in Khiva city. Mavlyanova,
Nadira; Ismailov, Vakhitkhan; Zakirov, Mirabbos; Rydvansky, Igor. Guimarães, Universidade do Minho, 2001. p. 189195, illus. In: "Historical constructions 2001: possibilities of numerical and experimental techniques" (eng). Incl.
bibl.and abstract.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic sites; architectural ensembles; historic monuments; fortified towns; building
materials; masonry; damage; deterioration; environmental deterioration; man made deterioration; world heritage list;
Uzbekistan.
// Ichan-Kala, Khiva, Uzbekistan (WHC 543)
249
035239 - Deformations of ancient structures of Ichan-Kala in Khiva city and prevention techniques. Ismailov, V.;
Mavlyanova, N.; Zakirov, M. Istanbul, Yildiz Technical University, 2001. p. 775-783, illus. In: "Studies in ancient
structures. Proceedings of the 2nd International Congress. Istanbul (Turkey), July 9-13, 2001" (eng). Incl. bibl. and
abstract.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic monuments; architectural ensembles; structures of buildings; madrasah; walls;
fortified towns; structural damage; soil properties; structural failures; environmental deterioration; causes of
deterioration; humidity; conservation measures; case studies; Uzbekistan.
// Ichan-Kala, Khiva, Uzbekistan
1993- Historic Centre of Bukhara / Centre historique de Boukhara (Criteria ii - iv - vi)
Brief description
Bukhara, which is situated on the Silk Route, is more than 2,000 years old. It is the most complete
example of a medieval city in Central Asia, with an urban fabric that has remained largely intact.
Monuments of particular interest include the famous tomb of Ismail Samani, a masterpiece of 10thcentury Muslim architecture, and a large number of 17th-century madrasas.
Briève description
Située sur la Route de la soie, Boukhara a plus de 2 000 ans. C'est l'exemple le plus complet d'une
ville médiévale d'Asie centrale dont le tissu urbain est resté majoritairement intact, avec de nombreux
e
monuments dont la célèbre tombe d'Ismaël Samani, chef-d'œuvre de l'architecture musulmane du X
e
siècle, et de nombreuses medersa du XVII siècle.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
013922 - Historic centre of Bukhara, Uzbekistan. (s.l.), (s.n.), (s.d.). 50 slides: col. + 1p. typescript + 3 slides (maps).
(eng). From WHC dossier 602 listed in 1993. Missing slides: 17, 28, 41, 45.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; historic town centres; religious architecture; public and civic architecture;
Uzbekistan.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: streets; squares; mosques; palaces; towers; tile mosaics; slides.
// Historic centre of Bukhara, Bukhara (Uzbekistan)
CALL NO: UZ.BUK.01: 1-50 (WHC 602). (restricted).
022540 - The Centre of Buchara - Enumeration of Photography of the Historic Center of Bukhara. (s.l.), (s.n.), (s.d.).
45 photos: col/ BW. (eng). From WHC dossier 602 listed in 1993. 2 photos missing, legend in eng, maps, plans incl.
Uzbekistan; interiors; mosques; towers; fortifications; general views.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: photographies.
// Historic Centre od Bukhara, Uzbekistan (WHC 602)
022541 - Bukhara. Zakhidov, P. S. Tashkent, ["Radura"], (s.d.). leaflet., A4. (same text in rus, eng, ger, ara).
Boukhara. incl. plan, legends, illus.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic towns; historic town centres; islamic architecture; world heritage list; Uzbekistan;
mausolea; museums.
// Historic Centre of Bukhara, Uzbekistan (WHC 543)
027382 - [Outstanding monuments of architecture of Uzbekistan]. Pugatchenkova, G.; Rempel, L. Tashkent, State
publishing of Uzbekistan Soviet Socialist Republic, 1958. 291 p., illus. (rus).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: architecture; historic towns; mausolea; minarets; mosques; Uzbekistan.
// Bukhara, Uzbekistan (WHC 602) // Samarkand, Uzbekistan (WHC 603) // Taskent, Uzbekistan // Khieva, Uzbekistan
ACCESSION NO: 2324.
250
2000 Historic Centre of Shakhrisyabz / Centre historique de Shakhrisyabz
(Criteria iii - iv)
Brief description
The historic centre of Shakhrisyabz contains a collection of exceptional monuments and ancient
quarters which bear witness to the city's secular development, and particularly to the period of its
apogee, under the rule of Amir Temur and the Temurids, in the 15th-16th century.
Briève description
Le centre historique de Shakhrisyabz compte des édifices monumentaux exceptionnels et des
quartiers anciens témoignant du développement séculaire de la ville, et tout particulièrement de son
e
e
apogée, sous le règne d'Amir Temour et des temourides, du XV au XVI siècle.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
017562 - Centre historique de Shakhrisyabz. 38 slides : col. (eng). From WHC 885 listed in 2000 ; 1 page typescript.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic towns; historic town centres; world heritage list; historic monuments; Uzbekistan.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: slides. // Historic centre of Shakhrisyabz, Uzbekhistan (WHC 885)
CALL NO: UZ. SHA. 4 : 1-38 (WHC 885).
022543 - List of the Shakhrisyabz Memorials Photo Fixing. 49 photos: col/ BW. (eng). From WHC 885 listed in 2000; 1
page typescript, incl. plans.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic towns; historic town centres; world heritage list; historic monuments; Uzbekistan;
architectural plans.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: photographs. // Historic centre of Shakhrisyabz, Uzbekhistan (WHC 885)
ACCESSION NO: C 885 (1). CALL NO: WHC 885 (1).
022544 - [Shakhrisyabz - Tchasth II] Drevjanskaja, G. J.; Lunina, S.B.; Sultanov, Kh. S.; Usmanova, Z. I. 128 p., illus.
(rus).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic town centres; world heritage list; historic monuments; Uzbekistan; architectural
heritage; historical surveys.
// Historic centre of Shakhrisyabz, Uzbekhistan (WHC 885)
022545 - South -East of Uzbekistan - Tourist's map Scale 1:200 000 [s.l.], ["Sogdiana"], 1993. leaflet, 60 x 90cm,
illus. (same text in rus, eng). tourist map.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; historic monuments; Uzbekistan; architectural heritage; historical surveys;
landscapes.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: tourist guidebooks. // Historic centre of Shakhrisyabz, Uzbekhistan (WHC 885)
2001- Samarkand - Crossroads of Cultures / Samarkand – carrefour de cultures
(Criteria i - ii - iv)
251
Brief description
The historic town of Samarkand is a crossroad and melting pot of the world's cultures. Founded in the
7th century B.C. as ancient Afrasiab, Samarkand had its most significant development in the Timurid
period from the 14th to the 15th centuries. The major monuments include the Registan Mosque and
madrasas, Bibi-Khanum Mosque, the Shakhi-Zinda compound and the Gur-Emir ensemble, as well as
Ulugh-Beg's Observatory.
Briève description
La ville historique de Samarkand représente un carrefour et un lieu de synthèse des cultures du
e
monde entier. Fondée au VII siècle avant l'ère chrétienne sous le nom d'Afrasyab, Samarkand connut
e
e
son apogée à l'époque timouride, du XIV au XV siècle. Les principaux monuments comprennent la
mosquée et les médersas du Registan, la mosquée de Bibi-Khanum, l'ensemble de Shah i-Zinda et
celui de Gur i-Emir, ainsi que l'observatoire d'Ulugh-Beg.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
005056 - Problèmes de la méthode, de la protection et de la restauration des ensembles rupestres. Tbilissi-Everan,
1982. Sur le problème de la conservation des oeuvres de l'architecture rupestre en Asie Centrale. Pougatchenkova,
G.A. Tbilissi, Icomos USSR, 1982. 7 p. (fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: rock art sites; buddhist architecture; islamic architecture; rock cut architecture; monasteries;
cave dwellings; conservation of historic sites; sandstone; guidelines; USSR; Asia.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: proceedings of conferences.
// Kara-tépé (USSR) // Takhta-Bazar (USSR) // Samarkand (USSR)
ACCESSION NO: 8452 C. CALL NO: A.R. 168.
005671 - La Madrasa. Terel, Anne-Marie. Dijon, Archéologia, 1985. [4 p], illus. (Archéologia. 203) (fre). Fiche
supplément du no 203.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: islamic architecture; architecture history; madrasah; case studies; historical surveys; Egypt;
Turkey; USSR.
// Madrasa of Shir Dor, Samarkand (USSR) // Sultan Hassan madrasa, Cairo (Egypt) // Gök madrasa, Sivas (Turkey)
// Cifte Minare madrasa, Erzurum (Turkey)
005672 - Le Mausolée. Terel, Anne-Marie. Dijon, Archéologia, 1985. [4 p], illus. (Archéologia. 203) (fre). Fiche
supplément du no 203.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: islamic architecture; islamic art; mausolea; case studies; historical surveys; architecture
history; USSR; Turkey; India.
// Mausolée de Chakh-i-Zinda, Samarkand (USSR) // Yesil türbe, Bursa (Turkey) // Döner Kümbet, Kayseri (Turkey) //
Taj Mahal, Agra (India)
008077 - Problèmes de protection et de reconstruction des monuments de l'architecture ancienne dans les villes
historiques de l'Ouzbekistan. Notkine, I.I. Louvain, Icomos, 1976. p. 11-19, illus., plans, tables. (Monumentum. 14)
(fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: conservation of historic towns; reconstruction; restoration of historic monuments; USSR.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: architecture history; urban renewal; town planning schemes.
// Samarkand, Uzbekistan (USSR) // Boukhara, Uzbekistan (USSR) // Khiva, Uzbekistan (USSR)
016087 - Samarkand Ouzbekistan : Une classe patrimoine pilote du 17 juillet au 6 août 1996. Collège-Lycée Cévenol
international. Le Chambon sur Lignon, Collège-Lycée Cévenol International, 1996. 17 p. (fre). brochure of
presentation.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: training; public awareness; cultural heritage; Uzbekistan; France; children; educational
activities.
// Samarkand, Uzbekistan (WHC 603)
ACCESSION NO: 13545. CALL NO: F. 209.
018891 - Samarkand - Carrfour et synthèse de cultures mondiales. 36 slides: col. (eng). From WHC 603 listed in
2001; 1 page typescript; 3 duplicates.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic towns; world heritage list; architectural ensembles; historic monuments; mosques;
madrasah; Uzbekistan.
// Samarkand - Crossroads of cultures, Uzbekistan (WHC 603)
CALL NO: UZ.SAM.07:1-36 (WHC 603).
018892 - Samarkand - Carrefour et synthèse de cultures mondiales. 53 slides: col. (eng). From WHC 603 listed in
2001; 1 page typescript.
252
018893 - Samarkand - Carrefour et synthèse de cultures mondiales. 19 slides: col. (eng). From WHC 603 listed in
2001; 1 page typescript.
022542 - [Samarkand - Putevoditjel]. Aleskerov, J. N. [Tashkent], [Isdatjelsvo ZK Kompartiï Uzbekistana], 1990, 3rd
ed. 60 p., illus. (rus). Samarkand - guide touristique. Tourist guide book.
Uzbekistan; archaeology; islamic architecture.
025455 - The influence of soil dampness and salinity on the structural behavior of monuments in Samarkand. Lane,
Michael Barry. Paris, UNESCO, 2003. p. 195-201, illus. In: "Proceedings of the International Congress: More than two
thousand years in the history of architecture" (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic monuments; world heritage list; structural surveys; soil; dampness; earthquakes;
structural damage; salinity; stabilization of structures; consolidation.
// Tila Kari Madrassa, Samarkand, Uzbekistan (WHC 603)
027382 - [Outstanding monuments of architecture of Uzbekistan]. Pugatchenkova, G.; Rempel, L. Tashkent, State
publishing of Uzbekistan Soviet Socialist Republic, 1958. 291 p., illus. (rus).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: architecture; historic towns; mausolea; minarets; mosques; Uzbekistan.
// Bukhara, Uzbekistan (WHC 602) // Samarkand, Uzbekistan (WHC 603) // Taskent, Uzbekistan // Khieva, Uzbekistan
ACCESSION NO: 2324.
Vanuatu
2008 - Chief Roi Mata’s Domain/ Domaine du chef Roi Mata (Criteria iii - v - vi)
Brief description
Chief Roi Mata‟s Domain is the first site to be inscribed in Vanuatu. It consists of three early 17th
century AD sites on the islands of Efate, Lelepa and Artok associated with the life and death of the last
paramount chief, or Roi Mata, of what is now Central Vanuatu. The property includes Roi Mata‟s
residence, the site of his death and Roi Mata‟s mass burial site. It is closely associated with the oral
traditions surrounding the chief and the moral values he espoused. The site reflects the convergence
between oral tradition and archaeology and bears witness to the persistence of Roi Mata‟s social
reforms and conflict resolution, still relevant to the people of the region.
Briève description
Domaine du chef Roi Mata est le premier bien du Vanuatu à être inscrit sur la Liste. Ce domaine
consiste en trois sites des îles d'Efate, de Lelepa et d'Artok qui sont associés avec la vie et la mort,
aux alentours de 1600 après JC, du dernier détenteur du titre de chef ou Roi Mata dans ce qui est
aujourd'hui le centre du Vanuatu. Le bien comprend la demeure du Roi Mata, le site de sa mort et un
site funéraire collectif. Il est étroitement associé aux traditions orales entourant le chef et aux valeurs
morales qu'il défendait. Le site reflète la convergence entre la tradition orale et l'archéologie; il
253
témoigne de la persistence des réformes sociales du Roi Mata qui ont mis fin à des conflits qui restent
encore d'actualité pour les habitants de la région.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
031913 - Chief Roi Mata's Domain: Challenges facing a world heritage - nominated property in Vanuatu. Wilson,
Meredith; Ballard, Chris; Kalotiti, Douglas. Melbourne, ICOMOS Australia, 2007. 10 p. In: "ICOMOS 2007 Extreme
Heritage: Conference handbook" (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; economic aspects; cultural landscapes; management; aboriginal cultures;
Vanuatu.
Vietnam
1993- Complex of Hué Monuments / Ensemble de monuments de Huê
(Criteria iii - iv)
Brief description
Established as the capital of unified Viet Nam in 1802, Hué was not only the political but also the
cultural and religious centre under the Nguyen dynasty until 1945. The Perfume River winds its way
through the Capital City, the Imperial City, the Forbidden Purple City and the Inner City, giving this
unique feudal capital a setting of great natural beauty.
Briève description
Établie comme capitale du Viet Nam unifié en 1802, la ville de Huê a été non seulement le centre
politique mais aussi le centre culturel et religieux sous la dynastie Nguyên, jusqu'en 1945. La rivière
des Parfums serpente à travers la cité-capitale, la cité impériale, la cité pourpre interdite et la cité
intérieure, ajoutant la beauté de la nature à cette capitale féodale unique.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
000678 - Appels à la solidarité internationale. La ville de Hué. Unesco. Paris, Unesco, 1982. p. 4-5, illus. (Patrimoine
Culturel de l'Humanité. 82,19/20) (frealso in eng, spa). Special issue.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world cultural heritage; international campaigns; conservation; restoration; historic towns;
buddhist architecture; tombs.
// Unesco // Hué (Viet Nam)
003983 - Meeting of experts for the preparation of programme of study of historic cities. Pitsanulok, 1979. The Unesco
programme study of historic cities in Asia. p. 1-5, illus. (Newsletter . 3,2) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic towns; historic sites; cultural heritage; reports; Thailand; Viet Nam SR.
// Advisory Committee for the Study of South East Asian Cultures // Hué (Viet Nam SR) // Sukhotai (Thailand)
ACCESSION NO: 9704.
University, 1986. p. 124-132, illus. (Study and preservation of historic cities of Southeast Asia) (fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: temples; destruction of cultural heritage; international cooperation; South East Asia; Japan.
254
(Vietnam SR)
ACCESSION NO: 8624.
005748 - Campagne internationale pour la sauvegarde des monuments de Hué, rapport de mission en république
démocratique du Viet Nam, 23 janvier au 6 février 1985. Pichard, Pierre. Paris, [s.l.], 1985. 15 p. (fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: conservation of historic monuments; international campaigns; destruction of cultural
heritage; Viet Nam SR.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: expert missions; temporary covers; structural surveys; training; recommendations.
// Unesco // Hué (Viet Nam SR)
ACCESSION NO: 8687.
SR. PRIMARY KEYWORDS: conservation of historic monuments; historical surveys; photographic surveys.
ACCESSION NO: 8873.
009726 - Huê: a centre of culture and tourism in Viet Nam. Lê Van Háo. Paris, Unesco, 1982. 43 p, illus. (eng). Incl.
bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: architectural heritage; palaces; tombs; Viet Nam SR. // Huê (Viet Nam SR)
ACCESSION NO: 9553.
011133 - Hue: My City, Myself. Tran Van Dinh. Washington, D.C., The National Geographic Society, 1989. p. 595603, illus. (National Geographic. 176, 5) (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic towns; architectural heritage; urban development; Viet Nam
// Hue (Viet Nam SR)
012059 - Capitale historique, Hué, Viet Nam. Vorontzoff, A.; Albert-Hesse, Jane (text). Unesco. Paris, Unesco, [s.d.].
1 slide : col.+ 1 p. (Save our Common Heritage. 18) (frealso in eng, spa). Accompanying material: narrative legend
from booklet bearing series title. PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; gateways; bridges; palaces; religious
architecture; Viet Nam SR. SECONDARY KEYWORDS: slides.
// Throne Palace, Hue (Viet Nam SR) // Entrance to the Imperial City, Hue (Viet Nam SR)
CALL NO: VN.HUE.01:01.
013162 - Monuments of Hue. Phan Thuân An. Hue, 1992. 200 p., illus. (vie).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic towns; Viet Nam SR; palaces; walls; war damage.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: barracks; descriptions; pavilions; tombs; temples.
// Nam Giao Esplanade, Hue (Vietnam) // Royal Arena, Hue (Vietnam) // Temple of Letters, Hue (Vietnam) // Temple
of the Jade Cup, Hue (Vietnam)
ACCESSION NO: 12263. CALL NO: VH.1183.
013943 - The complex of Hue monuments, Vietnam. (s.l.), (s.n.), (s.d.). 83 slides: col. + 3p.typescript + 2 slides + 5
slides(maps). (eng). From WHC dossier 678 listed in 1993. Missing slides: 2, 53.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; historic monuments and sites; palaces; temples; Viet Nam SR.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: pavilions; architectural details; interior architecture; sculptures; tombs; slides. // Hue
monuments (Vietnam)
CALL NO: VN.HUE.02: 1-83 (WHC678). (restricted).
014166 - Sauvegarde et développement du patrimoine de Hanoi et Hue. UNESCO; Amis du patrimoine architectural
du Vietnam; Amis de Hue; Atelier du Patrimoine, Marseille (France); EDF. Paris, UNESCO, 1993. 44 p., illus., maps,
plans. (fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic towns; world cultural heritage; historical surveys; case studies; Viet Nam SR.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: historic quarters; colonial architecture; domestic architecture; religious architecture;
public and civic architecture; deterioration; international campaigns. // Hanoi (Vietnam) // Hue (Vietnam)
014369 - Capitales oubliées : Hué - Vietnam. Hué - Vietnam. Bodard, Lucien; Garde, anne (photos)). Ministère de la
Culture et de la Francophonie. Paris, Editions du Demi-Cercle, 1994. 90 p., 75 photos. (Capitales Oubliées. 1) (fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic towns; world heritage list; photographs; Viet Nam SR.
// Hué (Vietnam)
016109 - Sauvegarde et developpement du patrimoine de Hanoi et Hué. Unesco Division of Cultural Heritage. Paris,
Unesco, 1994. 44 p., illus. (fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; historic towns; conservation; development; Viet Nam SR.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: town planning; development projects; conservation plans; international cooperation. //
Hanoi, Vietnam // Hué, Vietnam (WHC 678)
255
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: case studies.
// ICOMOS (International Council on Monuments and Sites) // UNESCO // IUCN // Angkor, Cambodia (WHC 668) //
Historic Town of Sukhothai and Associated Historic Towns, Thailand (WHC 574) // Banff National Park, Canadian
Rocky Mountain Parks, Canada (WHC 304) // Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites, UK (WHC 373) // Complex
of Hué Monuments, Viet Nam (WHC 678) // Vat Phou Champasak Heritage and Cultural Landscape protection zone,
Lao PDR (WHC 481) // Patan Durbar Square, kathmandu Valley, Nepal (WHC 121) // Santa Rosa Xtampak,
Campeche, Mexico
017212 - Hue (Viet Nam). Xe, Le Viet. Nara, Nara City, 2000. p. 48-49. (eng). In : "1999 Nara Seminar Report :
development and integrity of historic cities".
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; historic towns; conservation policy; Viet Nam SR.
// Hue, Viet Nam (WHC 678)
017816 - UNESCO International Meeting. Huê, 17-18 April, 2000. Renovation of Housing in the citadel of Huê.
Establishment of a renovation fund. Gorrichon, Yves. Paris, UNESCO, 2000. 13 p. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; rehabilitation; housing; financing; loans; Viet Nam SR.
// UNESCO // Complex of Huê Monuments, Viet Nam (WHC 678) ACCESSION NO: 13998. CALL NO: V.H. 1367.
018629 - Hué: spiritualité d'une ville - jardin. Laidet, Myriam. Madrid, UNESCO, 2000. p. 56-67, illus., maps. (World
Heritage Review. 17, 2000) (same text in fre, spa). Hué: espiritualidad de una ciudad - jardín. spa.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic monuments and sites; world heritage list; palaces; temples; pavilions; gardens;
garden cities; Viet Nam SR.
// Complex of Hué Monuments, Viet Nam (WHC 678) ACCESSION NO: K-382 b. ISSN: 1020-4202.
022136 - Sustainability and buildings: sustainable solutions to decay and infestation in timber. Ridout, Brian. Los
Angeles, GCI, 2003. p. 79-91, illus. (eng). In: "Managing change: sustainable approaches to the conservation of the
built environment. 4th US/ICOMOS international symposium, April 2001"; Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: wood; conservation; case studies; world heritage list; Viet Nam SR.
// Hue, Viet Nam (WHC 678) ACCESSION NO: 14600. ISBN: 0-89236-692-3.
023984 - Naturalna trwalosc drewna lim (erythrophleum fordi oliv.) i kien (hopea pierrei chance), materialu
konstrukcyjnego zabytkowych budynkow w Hue. Krajewski, Adam; Wazny, Jerzy. Warszawa, Karjowy Osrodek Badan
i Dokumentacji Zabytków, 2002. p. 207-213, illus. (Ochrona Zabytków. 2, 2002) (pol). The natural durability of
Erythrophleum Fordi Oliv. and the Hopea Pierrei Chance - the construction material of historical buildings in Hue. eng.
Incl. abstract in English.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: wooden architecture; biodeterioration; fungi; historic monuments; world heritage list; Viet
Nam SR.
// Complex of Hue Monuments, Viet Nam (WHC 678) ACCESSION NO: K-150. ISSN: 0029-8247.
025741 - Protection de la morphologie urbaine des villes asiatiques. Yang, Minja. Paris, UNESCO WHC, 2004. p.3033, illus. (Cahiers du Patrimoine Mondial. 9) In: "Partenariats pour les villes du patrimoine mondial" (fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic towns; conservation of historic towns; decentralization; international cooperation;
legislation; world heritage list; Viet Nam SR; Lao PDR; Asia.
// Hué, Vietnam (WHC 678) // Luang Prabang, Lao PDR (WHC 479) ACCESSION NO: 14553-9.
027031 - Periodic Report: Complex of Hué Monuments. Hue Monuments Conservation Centre, Viet Nam. [Paris],
[UNESCO], [2003]. 36p. (also in eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage convention; world heritage list; periodic reports; management; conservation;
monitoring; historic towns; historic monuments; temples; tourists; palaces; attendance rate; Viet nam SR.
// Complex of Hué Monuments, Viet Nam (WHC 678) ACCESSION NO: WHC 678.
029266 - Workshop on sustainable tourism development in world heritage sites - planning for Hue. Hue, Viet Nam, 3-6
May 1995. Workshop on sustainable tourism development in world heritage sites - planning for Hue. Hue, Viet Nam,
3-6 May 1995 : Final report. Vol. I : Workshop proceedings. UNESCO. Bangkok, UNESCO Principal Regional Office
for Asia and the Pacific, 1995. 237 p. + 57 p., illus., plans. (eng). Incl. annexes.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; world cultural heritage; cultural tourism; tourism management; sustainable
tourism; sustainable development; tourists; visitors; education; interpretation; declarations; Viet Nam SR.
// Hue, Viet Nam (WHC 678) // PATA Guidelines for tourism management at heritage sites : the Kathmandu
Declaration
029269 - Prospects and challenges in the development of cultural tourism in Thua Thien-Hue province. Dan, Nguyen
Thanh. Bangkok, UNESCO Principal Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, 1995. p. 38-41. In: "Workshop on
sustainable tourism development in world heritage sites - planning for Hue. Hue, Viet Nam, 3-6 May 1995 : Final
report" (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: cultural tourism; tourism management; sustainable tourism; Viet Nam SR.
256
029270 - Hue monuments management and protection in the culture-tourism development. Dung, Phan Tien.
Bangkok, UNESCO Principal Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, 1995. p. 42-46. In: "Workshop on sustainable
tourism development in world heritage sites - planning for Hue. Hue, Viet Nam, 3-6 May 1995 : Final report" (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: cultural tourism; cultural heritage; intangible heritage; historic monuments; tourism
management; sustainable tourism; Viet Nam SR.
029274 - Hue traditional, artistic and cultural heritage and the cause of tourism development in Hue. Hoa, Nguyen
Xuan. Bangkok, UNESCO Principal Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, 1995. p. 64-67. In: "Workshop on
report" (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: intangible heritage; cultural tourism; folk art; customs and traditions; cultural heritage; Viet
Nam SR.
029275 - Another theory of transcontextualisation of performing arts : toward a positive evaluation of tourism. Osamu,
Yamaguti. Bangkok, UNESCO Principal Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, 1995. p. 68-72. In: "Workshop on
report" (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: intangible heritage; cultural tourism; folk art; arts.
029276 - In search of an ideal itinerary. Huong, Pham Lan. Bangkok, UNESCO Principal Regional Office for Asia and
the Pacific, 1995. p. 73-84. In: "Workshop on sustainable tourism development in world heritage sites - planning for
Hue. Hue, Viet Nam, 3-6 May 1995 : Final report" (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: tourists; cultural tourism; tourism management; sustainable tourism; Viet Nam SR.
029277 - Preservation and development of hilltribes' handicrafts in A Luoi District, Thua Thien-Hue province. Khoa,
Truong Dang. Bangkok, UNESCO Principal Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, 1995. p. 85-89. In: "Workshop on
report" (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: handicrafts; intangible heritage; customs and traditions; craftsmanship; Viet Nam SR.
// Nordic Assistance to Viet Nam (NAV) // Hue, Viet Nam (WHC 678)
029278 - Economic and non-economic effects of tourism in Hue - first results from a preparatory study. Aderhold,
Peter; Twining-Ward, Louise; Pedersen, Tom. Bangkok, UNESCO Principal Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific,
1995. p. 91-95. In: "Workshop on sustainable tourism development in world heritage sites - planning for Hue. Hue,
Viet Nam, 3-6 May 1995 : Final report" (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: cultural tourism; economic aspects; sustainable tourism; Viet Nam SR.
029281 - Sustaining people's culture in the context of tourism. Gonsalves, Paul. Bangkok, UNESCO Principal
Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, 1995. p. 107-115. In: "Workshop on sustainable tourism development in world
heritage sites - planning for Hue. Hue, Viet Nam, 3-6 May 1995 : Final report" (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: cultural tourism; sustainable tourism; cultural identity; cultural heritage; natural heritage;
intangible heritage; Viet Nam SR.
029283 - Tourism in Hue, world heritage site. Vinh, Nguyen Van. Bangkok, UNESCO Principal Regional Office for
Asia and the Pacific, 1995. p. 121-126. In: "Workshop on sustainable tourism development in world heritage sites planning for Hue. Hue, Viet Nam, 3-6 May 1995 : Final report" (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: cultural tourism; sustainable tourism; world heritage list; world cultural heritage; Viet Nam
SR.
029287 - Architectural heritage - urban planning for the conservation of the heritage in Hue. Phu, Phung. Bangkok,
UNESCO Principal Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, 1995. p. 146-147. In: "Workshop on sustainable tourism
development in world heritage sites - planning for Hue. Hue, Viet Nam, 3-6 May 1995 : Final report" (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: conservation; historic monuments; town planning; architectural heritage; Viet Nam SR.
029288 - National and regional comprehensive planning : Viet Nam - France co-operation to serve the sustainable
socio-economic development of the Thua Thien-Hue province. Brunot de Rouvre, Jean. Bangkok, UNESCO Principal
Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, 1995. p. 148-150. In: "Workshop on sustainable tourism development in world
heritage sites - planning for Hue. Hue, Viet Nam, 3-6 May 1995 : Final report" (eng).
257
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: sustainable development; international cooperation; economic and social development;
France; Viet Nam SR.
029289 - The main plans and policies on the cultural-tourism development in Thua Thien-Hue. Dan, Nguyen Thanh.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: sustainable tourism; cultural tourism; cultural policy; tourism management; Viet Nam SR.
029290 - Hue tourism development from the perspective of a tour guide. Hue, Nguyen Van. Bangkok, UNESCO
Principal Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, 1995. p. 156-157. In: "Workshop on sustainable tourism
development in world heritage sites - planning for Hue. Hue, Viet Nam, 3-6 May 1995 : Final report" (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: cultural tourism; tourist guidebooks; Viet Nam SR.
029291 - Application of geographical information system (GIS) to world heritage site management. Box, Paul.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: GIS; world heritage list; management; Viet Nam SR.
1994- Ha Long Bay / Baie d'Ha-Long (Criteria vii - viii)
Brief description
Ha Long Bay, in the Gulf of Tonkin, includes some 1,600 islands and islets, forming a spectacular
seascape of limestone pillars. Because of their precipitous nature, most of the islands are uninhabited
and unaffected by a human presence. The site's outstanding scenic beauty is complemented by its
great biological interest.
Briève description
La baie d'Ha-Long, dans le golfe du Tonkin, compte environ 1 600 îles et îlots qui créent un paysage
marin spectaculaire de piliers de calcaire. En raison du relief vertigineux, la plupart des îles sont
inhabitées et non perturbées par l'homme. Les valeurs esthétiques exceptionnelles de ce site sont
complétées par son grand intérêt biologique.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
016765 - Local communities and the management of the World Natural Heritage of Ha Long Bay. Quang Tho, Pham;
Van Thuang, Nguyen. Paris, UNESCO, 1999. p.130-135. (eng). In: "World Natural Heritage and the local community",
Incl.bibl.
participation; Viet Nam SR. // Ha Long Bay, Vietnam (WHC 672)
018788 - Ha Long Bay. Friederich, Hans; Thi Hoy, Nguyen; Van Tuan, Nguyen. Madrid, UNESCO, 2001. p. 53-65,
illus., maps. (World Heritage Review. 19) (same text in eng, fre). Baie D'Ha-Long. fre. PRIMARY KEYWORDS: natural
heritage; world heritage list; islands; Viet Nam SR. // Ha Long Bay, Vietnam (WHC 672)
258
1999- Hoi An Ancient Town / Vieille ville de Hoi An (Criteria ii - v)
Brief description
Hoi An Ancient Town is an exceptionally well-preserved example of a South-East Asian trading port
dating from the 15th to the 19th century. Its buildings and its street plan reflect the influences, both
indigenous and foreign, that have combined to produce this unique heritage site.
Briève description
Hoi An constitue un exemple exceptionnellement bien préservé d'une cité qui fut un port marchand
e
e
d'Asie du Sud-Est du XV au XIX siècle. Ses bâtiments et la disposition de ses rues reflètent les
traditions autochtones aussi bien que les influences étrangères, qui ont donné naissance à ce vestige
unique.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
011597 - Recherches sur les monuments du Champa ; rapport de la mission polono-vietnamienne, vol 2. Ky Phuong,
Tran; Rejniewicz, Lukasz; Drygallo, Ryszard; Kwiatkowski, Kazimierz. Varsovie, PKZ, 1990. 52 p., illus. (fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: management of archaeological sites; conservation techniques; international cooperation;
Viet Nam SR.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: temples; town archaeological sites.
// Po Kloong Garai (Viet Nam SR) // Thap Duong Dong (Viet Nam SR) // Hoi An (Viet Nam SR)
017811 - Hoi An Ancient Town. 56 slides : col (eng). From WHC 948 listed in 1999.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic towns; world heritage list; religious architecture; market places; Viet Nam SR.
// Hoi An Ancient Town, Vietnam (WHC 948)
CALL NO: VN.HOI.03: 1-56 (WHC 948).
021440 - International Symposium on the Ancient town of Hoi An. Da Nang, 22-23 March 1990. Ancient Town of Hoi
An. The National Commitee for the International Symposium on the Ancient toxn of Hoi An. Há Nôi, The Gioi
Publishers, 2003. 326 p. (eng). Re-edition.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic towns; world heritage list; Viet Nam.
// Hoi An Ancient town (WHC 948), Viet Nam
Incl. bibl.
(WHC 502)
031144 - The role of local communities in tourism development and management in the Old Town Hoi An, Vietnam.
Cuong, Pham Hung. Seoul, ICOMOS-Korea, 2005. 6 p. In: "Managing tourism in historic towns and areas in Asia :
2005 ICOMOS Regional Conference in Seoul" (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic towns; world heritage list; cultural tourism; tourism management; local communities;
community participation; Viet Nam.
// Hoi An, Vietnam (WHC 948)
259
1999- My Son Sanctuary / Sanctuaire de Mi-sön (Criteria ii - iii)
Brief description
Between the 4th and 13th centuries a unique culture which owed its spiritual origins to Indian
Hinduism developed on the coast of contemporary Viet Nam. This is graphically illustrated by the
remains of a series of impressive tower-temples located in a dramatic site that was the religious and
political capital of the Champa Kingdom for most of its existence.
Briève description
e
e
Du IV au XIII siècle, la côte du Viet Nam contemporain accueillait une culture unique, associée par
ses racines spirituelles à l'hindouisme indien. Cette relation est illustrée par les vestiges d'une série
d'impressionnantes tours-sanctuaires, au cœur d'un site remarquable qui fut pendant quasiment toute
son existence la capitale religieuse et politique du royaume de Champâ.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
026438 - My Son. City of the Cham. Zolese, Patrizia. Madrid, San Marcos, UNESCO, 2004. p.70-79, illus., map.
(World Heritage Review. 34) (same text in eng, fre, spa). Mi-Sön. Ciudad de los Cham. spa. Mi-Sön. La Ville des
Chams. fre.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: archaeological sites; historic monuments; archaeological heritage; world heritage list; Viet
Nam SR.
// My Son Sanctuary, Viet Nam SR (WHC 949)
035435 - Preservation of temples in My Son (Vietnam). Binda, L.; Condoleo, P.; Cucarzi, M.; Vinh, Lê Than; Pichard,
P.; Kính, Hoàng Dao. Delhi, MacMillan, 2007. p. 1479-1486, illus. In: "Structural analysis of historical constructions:
possibilities of numerical and experimental techniques: Vol. 3" (eng). Incl. abstract.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: archaeological sites; temples; investigations; research; building techniques; building
materials; preservation; projects; descriptions; laboratory tests; restoration works; case studies; Viet Nam SR.
// My Son Temple, Vietnam
2003 - Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park / Parc national de Phong Nha-Ke
Bang (Criterion viii)
Brief description
The karst formation of Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park has evolved since the Palaeozoic (some
400 million years ago) and so is the oldest major karst area in Asia. Subject to massive tectonic
changes, the park‟s karst landscape is extremely complex with many geomorphic features of
260
considerable significance. The vast area, extending to the border of the Lao People‟s Democratic
Republic, contains spectacular formations including 65 km of caves and underground rivers.
Briève description
La formation karstique du Parc national de Phong Nha-Ke Bang a évolué depuis le paléozoïque (il y a
environ 400 millions d‟années) et c‟est la plus ancienne région karstique importante en Asie. Suite aux
changements tectoniques importants, le paysage karstique du parc est extrêmement complexe et
présente de nombreuses caractéristiques géomorphologiques très importantes. Ce vaste paysage, qui
s‟étend jusqu‟à la frontière de la République démocratique populaire lao, offre des phénomènes
spectaculaires, dont de nombreuses grottes et rivières souterraines s‟étendant sur plus de 65
kilomètres.
2010 - Central Sector of the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long – Hanoi / La cité
impériale de Thang Long-Hanoi (Criteria ii - iii - vi)
Brief description
The Thang Long Imperial Citadel was built in the 11th century by the Ly Viet Dynasty, marking the
independence of the Dai Viet. It was constructed on the remains of a Chinese fortress dating from the
7th century, on drained land reclaimed from the Red River Delta in Hanoi. It was the centre of regional
political power for almost 13 centuries without interruption. The Imperial Citadel buildings and the
remains in the 18 Hoang Dieu Archaeological Site reflect a unique South-East Asian culture specific to
the lower Red River Valley, at the crossroads between influences coming from China in the north and
the ancient Kingdom of Champa in the south.
The Central Sector of the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long-Hanoi, located in the heart of the capital city
of Vietnam, is the most essential, central and best preserved section of the former Thang Long
imperial citadel. It is in this central axis of the Forbidden City that power resided for thirteen centuries.
This is where the political leader lived and ruled, whether this was the emperor in the pre-Nguyen
dynasties, the Viceroy under the Nguyen dynasty, the high-ranking Indochinese military officers under
the French, or Vietnamese leaders during the Vietnam War. The attributes of the nominated property
bear a unique witness to the three key features that give it Outstanding Universal Value: longevity,
continuity as a seat of power, and the presence of a layered record of vestiges, which includes both
underground archaeological remains and above ground architecture, planning and decorative arts.
This cultural layering reflects the high level of cultural diversity in this part of the world and the
interchange of human values flowing from East Asia, other parts of Southeast Asia and South Asia
and fusing in the heart of the Red River delta to form a rich and distinctive culture. Many events of
global importance, including the development of independent states and forms of government in the
Asian region, the impact of colonialism and struggles for national independence, have had an impact
on the site and can be read in the landscape.
Criterion (ii): The nominated property manifests in exemplary detail the interchange of cultural values
over thirteen centuries in the development of Asian architecture, construction technology, town
planning, landscape design and monumental and plastic arts. Through various exchanges, the site
was exposed to major religious, ethical and political ideologies that impacted upon East Asia and
Southeast Asia, including Taoism, Confucianism, Buddhism, colonialism and communism. All of these
were received, adapted and refined to suit Vietnam‟s political and social circumstances and come
together to provide a unique testimony of cultural layering that is clearly demonstrated in the inscribed
site. The site also witnessed the adaptation of various globally important construction philosophies and
261
styles, including both the geomantic (fengshui) principles that provide the basis of East and Southeast
Asian royal citadel construction and the European Vauban style of building military fortifications. The
exceptional nature of the Thang Long civilization lies in the way it melded and amalgamated various
influences to produce a unique set of cultural layers that are manifested in the nominated property by
distinctive monumental arts, architecture and other cultural attributes.
Criterion (iii): The urban pattern and successive layers of development on the nominated site, and
the complex melding of religious, philosophical and ideological systems that have shaped this
development, provide outstanding testimony to the evolution of a unique and major Asian civilization,
the civilization of the Viet population established in the Red River Delta from the 7th century through to
recent times. The nominated property enables a sophisticated understanding of the evolution of
Vietnamese civilization over thirteen centuries from a localized political centre to a major seat of
independent political power and the cradle of a rich cultural tradition. It was a continuous seat of power
for the different dynasties that ruled over Vietnam and it is unique in terms of the exceptional duration
of its use as a political and cultural centre, which is rarely replicated in other World Heritage sites. It
also marks the role of a former colonized state whose victory over colonialism was highly influential to
the national liberation movements on a global scale.
Criterion (vi): The Thang Long Citadel site in Hanoi is associated with globally significant processes
of modern state formation and the struggle for national independence, the right to which has been
universally recognized for many centuries. The events and artistic and other cultural expressions
related to these processes are demonstrated in an exemplary way in the Central Core of the Thang
Long-Hanoi Citadel. The distinctive cultural and artistic expressions fostered in the Forbidden City
contributed to its physical form and decorative arts, many relics of which have been found, particularly
in the archaeological sites in the core area.
Brève description
La cité impériale de Thang Long, édifiée au XIe siècle par la dynastie Viêt des Ly, concrétise
l'indépendance du Dai Viêt. Elle a été construite sur les vestiges d'une citadelle chinoise remontant au
7e siècle, dans les terrains drainés du delta du fleuve Rouge à Hanoï. Elle fut le lieu du pouvoir
politique régional de manière continue pendant près de treize siècles. Les édifices de la cité impériale
et les vestiges de la zone archéologique 18 Hoang Diêu expriment une culture originale du Sud-Est
asiatique propre à la basse vallée du fleuve Rouge, à l'intersection des influences venues de la Chine,
au nord, et de l'ancien royaume du Champa au sud.
Le Secteur central de la cité impériale de Thang Long-Hanoï, situé au cœur de la capitale du Viet
Nam, est la partie la plus essentielle et la mieux préservée de l‟ancienne citadelle impériale de Thang
Long. C‟est dans cet axe central de la Cité interdite qu‟a résidé le pouvoir durant treize siècles. C‟était
le lieu de résidence et le siège du pouvoir du dirigeant politique Ŕ l‟empereur au cours des dynasties
antérieures aux Nguyen, le vice-roi sous la dynastie Nguyen, les officiers militaires indochinois de haut
rang sous la présence française, ou les dirigeants vietnamiens pendant la guerre du Viet Nam. Les
éléments du bien proposé pour inscription apportent un témoignage unique sur les trois
caractéristiques essentielles qui lui donnent sa valeur universelle exceptionnelle : longévité, continuité
en tant que siège du pouvoir, et présence de couches de vestiges superposés incluant à la fois des
vestiges archéologiques souterrains et des éléments d‟architecture au-dessus du sol attestant d‟un
urbanisme et d‟arts décoratifs. Cette superposition culturelle illustre le haut niveau de diversité
culturelle de cette partie du monde et l‟échange de valeurs humaines venant d‟Asie orientale, d‟autres
parties d‟Asie du Sud-Est et d‟Asie du Sud, et leur fusion au cœur du delta du Fleuve Rouge pour
façonner une culture à la fois riche et originale. Nombre d‟événements d‟importance mondiale, dont le
développement d‟Etats indépendants et de formes de gouvernement dans la région asiatique, l‟impact
du colonialisme et les luttes pour l‟indépendance nationale, ont eu un impact sur le site et se lisent
encore dans le paysage.
Justification pour l’inscription
Critère (ii): Le bien proposé pour inscription illustre en détail et de manière exemplaire treize siècles
d‟échange de valeurs culturelles dans le développement de l‟architecture, des techniques de
construction, de l‟urbanisme, de la conception paysagère et des arts monumentaux et plastiques en
Asie. Sous l‟action de la diversité des échanges, le site a été exposé à de grandes idéologies
262
religieuses, éthiques et politiques qui ont eu des incidences sur l‟Asie orientale et l‟Asie du Sud-est Ŕ
dont le taoïsme, le confucianisme, le bouddhisme, le colonialisme et le communisme. Toutes ces
influences ont été reçues, adaptées et affinées pour s‟adapter au contexte politique et social
vietnamien, et donner ensemble un témoignage unique d‟apports culturels à différentes époques
clairement perceptibles dans le site inscrit. Ce site témoigne également de l‟adaptation de
philosophies et de styles de construction divers d‟importance mondiale Ŕ d‟une part les principes
géomantiques (Feng shui) qui ont inspiré la construction des citadelles royales d‟Asie orientale et du
Sud-Est, et d‟autre part le style Vauban européen de construction de fortifications militaires. Le
caractère exceptionnel de la civilisation de Thang Long réside dans sa fusion et son amalgame de
diverses influences qui ont produit un ensemble unique d‟apports culturels stratifiés à différentes
époques, dont témoigne le bien proposé pour inscription par l‟originalité de ses arts monumentaux, de
son architecture et d‟autres caractéristiques culturelles.
Critère (iii): Le schéma d‟urbanisme et les différentes couches d‟aménagements sur le site proposé
pour inscription, ainsi que la fusion complexe de systèmes religieux, philosophiques et idéologiques
qui ont façonné ce développement, fournissent un témoignage exceptionnel de l‟évolution d‟une
civilisation asiatique unique et très importante, la civilisation de la population viêt, établie dans le delta
du Fleuve Rouge du VIIe siècle jusqu‟à une époque récente. Le bien proposé pour inscription permet
de mieux comprendre l‟évolution de la civilisation vietnamienne pendant treize siècles, centre politique
localisé devenu un important siège de pouvoir politique indépendant, et berceau d‟une riche tradition
culturelle. Ce siège permanent du pouvoir au cours des différentes dynasties qui ont dirigé le Viet
Nam est unique par sa durée exceptionnelle d‟utilisation en tant que centre politique et culturel, durée
rarement égalée dans d‟autres sites du patrimoine mondial. Il illustre aussi le rôle d‟un ancien Etat
colonisé dont la victoire sur le colonialisme a largement influencé les mouvements de libération
nationale à l‟échelle mondiale.
Critère (vi): Le site de la citadelle de Thang Long à Hanoï est associé à d‟importants processus
mondiaux de formation d‟Etats modernes et à la lutte pour l‟indépendance nationale, droit
universellement reconnu depuis de nombreux siècles. Les événements et expressions culturelles ou
autres associés à ces processus sont illustrés de manière exemplaire dans la zone centrale de la
Citadelle de Thang Long-Hanoï. Les expressions culturelles et artistiques originales qui se sont
épanouies dans Cité interdite ont contribué à en façonner l‟apparence physique et les arts décoratifs,
comme en témoignent de nombreux vestiges mis au jour, notamment dans les sites archéologiques
de la zone centrale.
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
014166 - Sauvegarde et développement du patrimoine de Hanoi et Hue. UNESCO; Amis du patrimoine architectural
du Vietnam; Amis de Hue; Atelier du Patrimoine, Marseille (France); EDF. Paris, UNESCO, 1993. 44 p., illus., maps,
plans. (fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic towns; world cultural heritage; historical surveys; case studies; Viet Nam SR.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: historic quarters; colonial architecture; domestic architecture; religious architecture;
public and civic architecture; deterioration; international campaigns.
// Hanoi (Vietnam) // Hue (Vietnam)
ACCESSION NO: 12659. CALL NO: V.H. 1253. URL: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0016/001619/161945fo.pdf.
014826 - Colloque Unesco : sauvegarde du centre historique de Hanoi. Paris, 1993. Hanoi : Ville et Mémoire. Amis du
Patrimoine Architectural de Vietnam (APAV). Paris, APAV, 1993. 27 p., illus., maps. (fre). Hà-Nói-Do-Thi và Ky-Uc.
vie. Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: architectural heritage; colonial architecture; town planning; Viet Nam SR.
// Hanoi (Vietnam)
015550 - ICAHM International Conference/Colloque International de l'ICAHM. 2nd. Montreal, 1994. Archaeological
remains in Situ Preservation :Workshop A : Components of the Preservation Process. Proceedings. McManamon,
F.P.; Clermont, N.; Azman Momirski, L.; Bahçeci, M.; Brossard, J.G.; Cunliffe, S.; Drouin, C.; Lavenu, M.;
Mataouchek, V.; McMahon, P.; Morganti, G.; Patricio, T.C.; Richert, A.; Ross, B.D.; Sanoja, M; Seguel, R.; Tran, H.;
Varone, A. ICAHM. Montreal, ICAHM Publication, 1996. p. 39-155, illus. (various texts in eng, fre). Vestiges
archéologiques : La conservation in Situ : Atelier A :Les composantes du processus de la conservation. fre.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: archaeological heritage; archaeological field work; conservation in situ; management;
planning; development; conservation; documentation; case studies; museums.
263
// Pamukkale (Turkey), (WHC 485) // Leuven (Belgium) // Hanoi (N. Vietnam) // Pointe-à-Gallière (Canada) // Birka
(Sweden) // Guayana Project (Venezuela) // Pukaskwa National Park, Ont. (Canada) // Casti Amanti House, Pompei
(Italy)
015896 - Hanoi. Decoster, F.; Klouche, D. Institut Français d'Architecture. Paris, CNRS, 1997. 58 p., illus. (Portrait de
Ville) (fre). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic towns; town planning policy; historical surveys; modernization; descriptions; colonial
architecture; housing; financial aspects; Viet Nam SR.
// Hanoi, Vietnam
ACCESSION NO: 13481. CALL NO: V.H. 1311. ISBN: 290-4448-373. ISSN: 1275-4447.
016108 - Sauvegarde et developpement du patrimoine de Hanoi et Hué. Unesco Division of Cultural Heritage. Paris,
Unesco, 1994. 44 p., illus. (fre).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; historic towns; conservation; development; Viet Nam SR.
SECONDARY KEYWORDS: town planning; development projects; conservation plans; international cooperation.
// Hanoi, Vietnam // Hué, Vietnam (WHC 678)
025396 - Hanoi, biography of a city. Logan, William S. Sydney, UNSW Press, 2000. 304 p., illus. (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic towns; historical surveys; urban development; cultural heritage; historic monuments;
Viet Nam.
// Hanoi, Vietnam
026562 - The golden Hanoi and heritage protection in Vietnam's capital: containing cultural globalization. Logan,
Willian S. New York, Oxford University Press, 2002. p.166-184, illus. In: "The disappearing 'Asian' City: protecting
Asia's urban heritage in a globalizing world" (eng).
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: protection of cultural heritage; urban development; town planning; conservation policy; Viet
Nam SR.
// Hanoi, Vietnam
030449 - Hanoi Architecture: Some observations by a local and a tourist. Phuong, Quoc Dinh; Groves, Derham.
Napoli, Al Quds University, Institute of Islamic Archaeology, 2006. p. 121-133, illus. (Web Journal on Cultural
Patrimony. 2, 2006) (eng). Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: historic towns; urban areas; historic town centres; architecture; town planning; historical
surveys; modern architecture; 20th; Viet Nam SR.
// Hanoi, Vietnam
2011- Citadel of the Ho Dinasty / Citadelle de la dynastie Hô - Criteria (ii) (iv)
Brief description
The 14th -century Ho Dynasty citadel, built according to the feng shui principles, testifies to the
flowering of neo-Confucianism in late 14th century Viet Nam and its spread to other parts of east Asia.
According to these principles it was sited in a landscape of great scenic beauty on an axis joining the
Tuong Son and Don Son mountains in a plain between the Ma and Buoi rivers. The citadel buildings
represent an outstanding example of a new style of south-east Asian imperial city.
Briève description
La Citadelle de la dynastie Hô du XIVe siècle, construit selon les principes du feng shui, témoigne de
l'épanouissement du néoconfucianisme dans le Viet Nam de la fin du XIVe siècle et de sa diffusion
dans d'autres parties d'Extrême-Orient. En vertu de ces principes, il est situé dans un paysage aux
panoramas d'une grande beauté sur un axe reliant les montagnes de Tuong Son et de Don Son dans
une plaine entre les fleuves Ma et Buoi. Les bâtiments de la Citadelle représentent un exemple
exceptionnel d'un nouveau style de ville impériale du Sud-Est asiatique.
264
- Nomination file
- Bibliography:
037381 - Thành Nhà Hô - Thanh Hóa. Trung Tín, Tông (ed.). Hà Nôi, Social Sciences Publishing House. 172 p., illus.
(same text in vie, eng). Hô citadel. eng. Incl. bibl.
PRIMARY KEYWORDS: built heritage; citadels; fortresses; fortified architecture; structures of buildings; world
heritage; world heritage sites; viet nam.
// Citadel of the Ho Dynasty (WHC 1358), Viet Nam
265

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