Normaluridan JansaRisken

georg kiulevindi
normaluridan jansaRisken
daavadebuli cnobierebis gaTavisuflebis gzebi
Georg Kühlewind
Vom Normalen zum Gesunden
Wege zur Befreiung des erkrankten Bewußtseins
mTargmnelebi: rusudan beJaSvili, omar berZeniSvili, irina jioevi
mxatvari: hans miuleri
georg kiulevindi – normaluridan jansaRisken
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Sinaarsi
winasityvaoba, romelic unda waikiTxoT _ sxva gza ar aris!
1. inventarizacia [aRwera]*
1.1. mosamzadebeli nawili
1.2. pirveli sawyisebi
1.3. metyveleba da azrovneba
1.4. zecnobieri
1.5. adamiani da misi samyaro
2. cnobierebis daavadeba
2.1. mSvinvieri problemebis fenomeni
2.2. Semecnebis uaryofa
2.3. daavadebis mizezebi
3. mciredi fsiqologia
3.1. mSvinvieri cxovrebis Sinagani mxare
3.2. qvecnobieri Cvevebis wyaro
3.3. egoisturoba
3.4. qvecnobieris Camoyalibeba
3.5. naxevrad Tavisufali Zalebi
4. higienuri RonisZiebani samSvinvelisTvis
4.1. samSvinvelis higienis Taobaze zogadad da lirikulad
4.2. laparaki da mosmena
4.3. drois problema
4.4. TviTganxorcieleba Tu TviTSemecneba?
mes gancdis problema
4.5. me da Sen
4.6. aRqmis wvrTna
5. Semecnebis gzis struqtura*20
5.1. ra aris Semecnebis gza?
5.2. Studireba
5.3. koncentraciis savarjiSoebi
5.4. meditacia
5.5. gaTavisufleba Cvevis adamianisgan
6. adamianis Tavisuflebis Sesaxeb
6.1. ratom vsaubrobT axla Tavisuflebaze?
6.2. ra aris Tavisufleba?
6.3. Tavisuflebis realoba
6.4. ra ZaluZs Tavisufal adamians?
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winasityvaoba, romelic unda waikiTxoT _ sxva gza ar aris!
`gana isedac Tavzesayreli saqme ara maqvs cxovrebaSi, samsaxurSi, ojaxSi? …SemTxveviT, xom ar ggoniaT, rom saqme gamomlevia!? ekonomikis Cavardna, Cemo batono, inflacia, navTobis krizisi, garemos danagvianeba … swored esRa maklia, axla kidev cnobierebis mdgomareobaze vidardo! gana es filosofosebis, fsiqologebis, Semecnebis
Teoritikosebisa da msgavs moclilTa saqme araa? Tqven ra, gindaT, davijero, rom Cemi
cnobiereba daavadebulia? Tumca xandaxan ki meCveneba, TiTqos asecaa, magram seriozulad gana SeiZleba amis mtkiceba?
gulmowyale mkiTxvelo, eWvs rogor Sevitan Tqvens simarTleSi; mxolod or
patara cdas SemogTavazebT, Tuki sawinaaRmdego araferi geqnebaT. saqme isaa, rom, Cemi
azriT, yvela Tqveni sazrunavi `cxovrebaSi~ da ase gansajeT, sakuTar saxlSic ki,
dRevandeli cnobierebis mdgomareobiTaa ganpirobebuli _ dRevandeli kacobriobisa
da kerZod, Tqveni cnobierebis mdgomareobiT. ar gjeraT? axlave darwmundebiT amaSi.
neba miboZeT, warmogidginoT Cemi jini, Cemi jadoqari Winka.
ai, isic aq aris! da rakiRa me _ `aTas erTi Ramis~ kiTxviT ganswavlulma _ igi boTlis tyveobidan vixseni, Sempirda, rasac inatreb, Sevasrulebo. ase rom, valSia CemTan. maS, Semisrulos:
1. garemos danagvianeba, rogorc aseTi, aRgavos pirisagan miwisa; haeri, wyali,
tye, niadagi imave mdgomareobaSi daabrunos, rogorc, vTqvaT, 1750 wels
iyo _ roca i. s. baxi gardaicvala.
2. navTobis rezervuarebi Seavsos, wiaRiseuli _ kala, tyvia, manganumi da ase
Semdeg _ aRadginos, rogorc xsenebul wels iyo.
3. araviTari inflacia! fazebi da jamagirebi _ ise, rogorc 1960 wels iyo! da
yvelaferi es _ xval dilamde!
amas igi SesaniSnavad moagvarebs. erTs ki Caiqirqilebs, Cemi sityvebis gamgone. ratomo, mekiTxebiT Tqven?
axla Tqven TviTon miTxariT: ra gamova aqedan? ra iqneba mere? erTi kviris mere?
erTi wlis mere? mogexsenebaT: xval Tu zeg yovelive es isev im saxes miiRebs, rogorc
dResa aqvs. da ras niSnavs es? es imas niSnavs, rom, Tu Cveni Sinagani samyaros struqtura, cnobiereba ar Seicvala, fuWia jadoqris garja!
`maS, kargi~ _ metyviT axla Tqven _ `davuSvaT, saerTod kacobriobis cnobierebaSi
marTlac raRac ver aris rigze; magram Cemi cnobiereba xom savsebiT jansaRia; Cemze rom
yofiliyo damokidebuli, namdvilad vizrunebdi, mTeli es gaWirveba ukan aRar dabrunebuliyo~.
nu ganmirisxdebiT, Zvirfaso mkiTxvelo, magram … ar mjera Tqveni. arc Tqvena xarT
gamonaklisi cnobierebis sijansaRis TvalsazrisiT. Cven yvelani cot-cota waviavadmyofebT. _ ara? ar meTanxmebiT? keTili! Tu cnobiereba jansaRia, maSin kaci sakuTari
saxlis(mxedvelobaSi maqvs cnobierebis saxli) baton-patroni unda iyos, xom asea?
Tqven ki? marTlac xarT batoni? iseTi ram arasdros CagideniaT(vgulisxmob ara samsaxurebriv, aramed pirad sferos), rac Semdeg sananeblad gagxdomiaT? keTili! aba, erTi, sul martivi ram scadeT. Tuki piradad Tqveni cnobiereba jansaRia, maSin, albaT,
SeZlebT sami wuTis ganmavlobaSi raime gansazRvrul Temaze ifiqroT ise, rom Temidan
ar gadauxvioT: vTqvaT, yelsaxvevze, romelic gikeTiaT. da Tu ar gikeTiaT, gamoZebneT
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raime, rac SeiZleba metad mosawyeni sagani, scadeT! maS, sami wuTis ganmavlobaSi ifiqreT mxolod yelsaxvevze! SevTanmxdiT?
…………
ki, magram, Cemo kargo, rogor aRmoCndiT uceb azoris kunZulebze? ra kavSiri aqvs
azoris kunZulebs yelsaxvevTan? Cans, Tqveni cnobierebis sruli ufali jer mainc vera xarT.
nu aReldebiT! marto Tqven rodi xarT am dReSi. Tqven am sisustes mTel rig profesorebTan, politikosebTan da yvela `WeSmarit praqtikosTan~ iziarebT. rogorc
Cans, aRwerili situacia dRevandel samyaroSi, Cvens civilizaciaSi swored maTi wyalobiT miviReT. da Tuki yoveli maTgani, iseve, rogorc es Tqven SemTxvevaSi aRmoCnda,
sakuTar cnobierebas ar flobs, maSin … maSin raRa gasakviria, rom zogi ram, rasac
isini akeTeben an riskenac mogviwodeben, keTilgonierebidan ki ar momdinareobs, aramed …
diax, axla ki saqme marTlac seriozuli xdeba. magram me vfiqrob, mTeli am problematikis mizezi isaa, rom Cven ar viciT, vin aris, ras warmoadgens adamiani, rogorc
aseTi. da es ar viciT imitom, rom jerovani warmodgena ar gvaqvs adamianis sityvis, adamianis metyvelebis da saerTod, sityvis Sesaxeb. amitomaa sityvasTan Cveni kontaqti
esoden gaZnelebuli: spontanurad(uSualod) swori sityvis mignebis unari Cven ar
gvaqvs, an, Tu gvaqvs _ mxolod iSviaT SemTxvevaSi. yvelaferi, rasac Cven erTmaneTis
mimarT, erTmaneTisTvis Tu erTmaneTis sawinaaRmdegod viqmT _ metyvelebaa, an, yovel
SemTxvevaSi, metyveleba unda iyos. Cven ki yvelaferi gvainteresebs, garda sityvisa,
romliTac da risi SemweobiTac viqmT yvelafers. da vinaidan ar viciT, ra aris sityva,
arc is viciT, vin aris adamiani. xolo, Tu ar viciT, vin aris adamiani, arc is gvecodineba, ra aris adamianisTvis sasikeTo da ra ara(Cvens `instinqtebs~ am sakiTxSi, ase Cans,
ver daveyrdnobiT). maS, ra gasakviria, rom saqme mruded midis? Tan kidev, Cven ar
gviyvars garja, Tavis Sewuxeba. yoveli CvenTagani fiqrobs: `Cemi da mTeli qveynierebis sasicocxlo problemebis mosagvareblad me isedac sakmaod keTili da Wkviani var
da raRa saWiroa, rom raRac gansakuTrebul RonisZiebebs mivmarTo?! keTili da patiosani, magram ... did xelovanT yoveldRiurad saaTobiT varjiSi sWirdebaT; Cven ki _
Cven, vinc Semecnebisa da zneobrivi sakiTxebis sferoSi, iqneb, sulac ara varT esoden
didi virtuozebi _ ramden xans vandomebT Cvens varjiSs am sayovelTao-adamianur sferoSi?
ukve Camesmis: msoflio mosaxleobis ori mesamedi SimSilobs, aqeT atomuri omis
safrTxea, iqiT _ sameurneo krizisi da ase Semdeg da ase Semdeg da Sen ginda Zvirfasi
dro da uZvirfasesi Zalebi aseT arapraqtikul rameebSi vflango? gana es moralurad
gamarTlebulia?!~ me ki, ai, ras vfiqrob: es rom asea, rogorc Tqven brZaneT, rom omi,
SimSiloba, Warbwarmoeba da ase Semdeg, gvemuqreba, es Cemnairma arapraqtikulma adamianebma ki ara, aramed swored `praqtikosebma~ moimoqmedes, maT dauSves aseTi ram. ase
rom, iqneb umjobesi yofiliyo, brmad ar mivndobodiT am praqtikosTa sityvas _ yovel
SemTxvevaSi, amiT, albaT, arafers wavagebdiT. da iqneb sulac imitomac mozRvavda es
saSiSroebebi, rom am, egreT wodebul, praqtikosTa garemoSi da saerTod, mTels
msoflioSi jerovani yuradReba ar eTmoba SemecnebiTi da moraluri unaris wvrTnas
da is ganuviTarebeli rCeba ...
sxvaTa Soris: Tqveni moraluri mosazrebebi droisa da Zalebis flangvasTan dakavSirebiT bevrad ufro safuZvliani aRmoCndeboda, Tu amas kinoTeatrebSi da fexburTis moednebze ganacxadebdiT, anda kartis TamaSisas gagaxsendebodaT. rao? rogor
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brZaneT? msoflio SimSilobso? ... da Tqven TamaSobT, an kriminalur da pornografiul filmebs uyurebT? ase araa?
axla ki, vfiqrob, droa, saqmes SevudgeT.
Tavdapirvelad SevecadoT, fenomenologiurad davadginoT, ras moicavs cnobiereba, anu misi aRwera CavataroT. Semdeg cnobierebis daavadebis zogad simptomTa
kvlevas SevudgebiT. amas mohyveba mciredi fsiqologia _ SemdgomSi SemoTavazebuli
higienuri RonisZiebebis arsis gagebis xelSesawyobad. Semdgom amisa maTTvis, visac sakuTar cnobierebaze ara mxolod higienuri zemoqmedebis moxdena surT, aramed misi
ganviTarebac swadiaT, mokled cnobierebis savarjiSoebTan dakavSirebul miTiTebebs
SevexebiT. dasasrul, adamianis Tavisuflebis perspeqtivaa warmodgenili.
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1. inventarizacia [aRwera]
*
1.1. mosamzadebeli nawili
Tvali movavloT cnobierebis sferos. ras vpovebT aq? oRond, geTayva, axla nu
mkiTxavT, cnobiereba ra ariso. madloba RmerTs, vici, rom _ sadRac, gulis kunWulSi
mainc _ sakuTari gamocdilebiT kargad mogexsenebaT, ra aris cnobiereba, Torem mis
Sesaxeb saerTod rom araferi gcodnodaT, me Cemi axsna-ganmartebebiT veras gavxdebodi! da ai, cnobierebis sferoSi Cven mier dadgenili pirveli faqti swored esaa:
cnobiereba rom aRmovaCinoT, amisTvis aucilebelia, cnobiereba gvqondes. cnobierebam sakuTari Tavi Tavad unda dainaxos. veranairi axsna-ganmarteba saqmes ver uSvelis, Tuki piradi gamocdileba(TviTgamocdileba) ar arsebobs.
axla ki, maS, ras vpovebT Cven _ ras povebs cnobiereba cnobierebaSi? am wuTSi(imedia) _ azrovnebas. oRond axla ar mkiTxoT, azrovneba ra ariso. me es ar SemiZlia
agixsnaT, SemiZlia mxolod migiTiToT masze da giTxraT: ai, rasac Tqven axla akeTebT,
es aris azrovneba. azrovnebam TviTon unda dainaxos sakuTari Tavi, TviTon unda daadginos Tavisi Tavi rogorc azrovneba. axla ki, erTi arcTu ise zrdilobiani kiTxva unda dagisvaT: ukanasknelad rodis gagielvaT TavSi axalma azrma? aba, gaixseneT! gonebamaxvili kaci, cxadia, ar daaxanebs da metyvis: `ai, swored axla! es-esaa aRmovaCine,
rom adamiani raime axals, rogorc wesi, iSviaTad Tu gaifiqrebs. am azrs Tu ar CavTvliT, srulebiT ver vixseneb, rodis gamiCnda TavSi axali azri.
maS raRas vakeTebT mTeli dRis ganmavlobaSi?! saqme isaa, rom azrebi, mza azrobrivi suraTebi ki mudam gvitrialebs TavSi, magram es ar aris axali azrovneba, es azrovnebaa mxolod imdenad, ramdenadac mza azrebi erTmaneTs azrovnebis unaris meSveobiT ukavSirdeba. magram es dakavSirebac SeiZleba logikis, azrovnebis gareSec ganxorcieldes: maSin am fenomens `asociacias~ uwodeben. swored asociacia iyo is, ramac
yelsaxvevidan ase Sors gadaxveva gamoiwvia (xom xedavT: axla mainc mogiwevT, waikiTxoT winasityvaoba, Tuki aqamde ar wagikiTxavT).
mozrdilisTvis umetesoba im azrebisa, romlebsac igi awydeba, nacnobia. patara
bavSvisTvis ki, romelic laparaksa da azrovnebas es-esaa `swavlobs~ (rogor axerxebs
amas, azrovneba rom ar ZaluZs?!), yvela azri axalia.
yvelaferi danarCeni, rac ki cnobierebaSi moipoveba, azrovnebis, moazrovne yuradRebis meSveobiT miikvleva da aRiwereba. oRond axla ar mkiTxoT, yuradReba ras
ewodebao. ver gipasuxebT, imave mizezebis gamo, rac cnobierebisa da azrovnebis SemTxvevaSi mogaxseneT. mravali cnebaa aseTi, romlebsac ver gansazRvrav. Tavad gansajeT:
erTi sityvis gansasazRvrad, sul mcire, sami sxva sityva mainc mWirdeba. Tu maT gansazRvrasac Sevudeqi, ukve cxra damWirdeba da ase Semdeg. es wm. Toma aqvinelsac moexseneboda, dRes ki xSirad aviwydebaT. rasakvirvelia, mecnierebis sferoSi gansazRvraven xolme ama Tu im cnebas, magram es SesaZlebelia mxolod imitom, rom uamravi
sxva sityva Tu cneba gansazRvrebis gareSea mocemuli, maT Soris _ iseTi cnebebic ki,
rogoricaa yofiereba, sivrce, dro da ase Semdeg _ ese igi, kategoriebi.
*
aq da Semdeg, yvelgan kvadratul frCxilebSi mocemulia redaqtoris SeniSvna.
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zrdasruli adamianis yuradReba yovelTvis moazrovne yuradRebaa. es yuradReba cnobierebis fenomenia, romelic cnobierebis sxva fenomenebiskenac SeiZleba iyos
mimarTuli. aq umal axali Tavsatexi gviCndeba: maS, cnobierebaSi erTdroulad ori
fenomenia _ yuradReba da misi obieqti? Tu aq ori cnobierebaa: erTi _ fenomenze da
meore _ pirvel cnobierebaze mimarTuli? sanam amas gavarkvevdeT, axlave SevasworoT
erTi warmodgena, gamowveuli zemoT moyvanili gamoTqmiT: `cnobierebaSi~; TiTqos
cnobiereba WurWeli iyos, romelSic sxvadasxva `Sinaarsebi~ SeiZleba CavasxaT. cnobiereba xom yovelTvis Tavis `SinaarsTa~ cnobierebaa, ese igi, is mocemul, anu ama Tu
im SinaarsTa identuria. Cveulebriv mdgomareobaSi adamianisTvis `carieli~ cnobiereba ar arsebobs: sicarielis SegrZneba Tu dadgenac isev cnobierebis `Sinaarsia~,
cnobierebaa Tavad (kanonzomierad da realurad ki sicarielis gancda gamocdilebaSi
maSin gveZleva, rodesac cnobierebis done icvleba). ase rom, cnobierebas mocemul
momentSi mxolod erTi obieqti, mxolod erTi Sinaarsi SeiZleba hqondes. cnobierebis `gaxleCa~, yuradRebis ganawileba, rac xSiradaa saWiro, magaliTad, avtomanqanis marTvisas, obieqtebisa da Sinaarsebis Zalian swrafi cvlaa. amiT Cveni Tavsatexi
kidev ufro garTulda: maS, rogor axerxebs cnobiereba, Tavissave fenomenebze imsjelos? (ori cnobierebis idea imTaviTve ukuvagdoT _ winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, bunebrivia, daismeba kiTxva: vin naxa da vin daiTvala, rom oria? maSin mesamis arsebobac unda
davuSvaT da ase Semdeg). Tu am fenomens guldasmiT davukvirdebiT, erT ucnaur
faqts aRmovaCenT: is, rasac moazrovne yuradReba acnobierebs, rogorc mSvinvier fenomens, yovelTvis ukve `adgilzea~, is yovelTvis cnobierebaSi ukve aris raRac procesis _ azrovnebis, aRqmis Tu warmodgenis _ Sedegad, romelic Tavad cnobierad ar
ganicdeba. is, rasac Cven cnobierebaSi SegviZlia davakvirdeT, yovelTvis raRacis Sedegia, warsulia da arasodes _ amJamad mimdinare procesi, im SemTxvevaSic ki, roca
Cven TviTon, rogorc moqmedi pirni, am procesisTvis aucileblad saWironi varT: yvelasTvis cnobilia, ra Zalisxmeva sWirdeba, magaliTad, azrovnebas (amitomac xorcieldeba is egzom iSviaTad). da mainc, azrovnebisas Tavad azrovnebis procesis
Sesaxeb gamocdilebaSi araferi gveZleva. Cven mxolod naazrevis, azrovnebis Sedegis
mimarTRa `vfxizldebiT~. aRqmisa da warmodgenisas igive xdeba.
es aRmoCena iqneb moulodnelic iyos. is SegveZlo ase dagvesuraTebina: xeze Citi
zis; xan erT totze gadafrindeba, xan meoreze; mis frenas Cven ver vxedavT, mxolod
imas vxedavT, rom drogamoSvebiT sxvadasxva adgilas zis. cnobierebaSic yoveli axali
naazrevi Tu aRqmuli ase warmoCndeba xolme. Cvens cnobierebas mudam mxolod
warsulis gacnobiereba SeuZlia, amasTan _ sakuTari warsulisa (rameTu Zneli
dasajerebelia, rom am naazrevis Tu aRqmulis Semqmneli raRac sxva unda iyos da ara
cnobierebis procesebi). amitom SegviZlia Cvens Cveulebriv cnobierebas warsulis
cnobiereba vuwodoT. magram arc is unda dagvaviwydes, rom am cnobierebas TviTonve
SeuZlia daadginos, SeamCnios es Tviseba _ rom igi mudam warsulSi ganxorcielebulis
cnobierebaa. ibadeba momdevno kiTxva: rogor xdeba es?
magram axla Tqven SeniSnavT (da savsebiT marTebuladac), rom aqamde Cven mxolod
azrovnebas ganvixilavdiT. cnobierebaSi ki azrovnebis garda aris bevri sxva ram, magaliTad, warmodgena, grZnobebi, nebeloba, aRqma.
warmodgena CvenTvis azrovnebaze ufro Zneli araa: warmodgena aris gaxsenebuli
suraTi, mogoneba aRqmisa da mas Cvens cnobierebaSi cnebis an raime azris meSveobiT
SegviZlia movuxmoT, anda Cven ZalgviZs, aRqmulis gaxsenebuli elementebisgan raime
fantastikuri suraTi SevqmnaT. am dros Cven SegviZlia yuradReba iseve avtonomiurad vmarToT, rogorc azrovnebisa da aRqmis SemTxvevaSi. `avtonomiurad~ _ niSnavs:
`Cveni cnobieri nebis mixedviT~, `iseve~ ki _ imas, rom es avtonomia aqac SezRudulia,
rogorc es yelsaxvevze varjiSis magaliTze (ix. winasityvaoba) SevniSneT. msgavsi gadaxvevebi, gafantvebi aRqmis drosac SeiZleba gvqondes.
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grZnobebis mimarT iseT avtonomias ver viZenT, rogorc azrovnebis, aRqmisa da
warmodgenis mimarT. piriqiT, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom grZnoba Tavadaa avtonomiuri
Cven mimarT. vin ar uwyis guneba-ganwyobilebaTa Zliereba da vin ar icis, ra Znelia
saSvelis povna, roca kacs raime grZnoba geufleba! grZnoba samSvinvelSi raRac ucxo
ZalasaviT warmoCndeba. grZnobebi TiTqos garedan gvecnoba, maTSi SigniT ar vcxovrobT, gansxvavebiT azrebisgan, romlebsac Sinaganad, Signidan vicnobT: azrebi maT
patrons uSualod uCvenebs yvelafers, racaa es azrebi. grZnobebi ki Cvenze mZlavrobs: Cvens ukiTxavad wamoiWreba xolme da Tuki gvewvia, Znelad, rom maT Tavi davaRwioT, kidevac rom Zalian movindomoT. me SemiZlia ama Tu im Temaze vifiqro, razec
momesurveba da roca momesurveba, magram ar SemiZlia vigrZno, rac momesurveba da
roca momesurveba. ase rom ara, cxovreba bevrad ufro ioli iqneboda!
roca nacnobebi mxvdebian, vekiTxebi da isinic Tavazianad mekiTxebian: `rogor
brZandebiT?~ da es kiTxva ara obieqtur cxovrebiseul garemoebebs, aramed mSvinvier
ganwyobilebas gulisxmobs, rogorc garemoebaTa moqmedebis veqtorul tolqmeds da
daaxloebiT amas niSnavs: `xom kargad grZnobT Tavs?~.
azrovnebis sferoSi improvizaciis unarisTvis yvela kari Riaa, oRond Tuki marTla vazrovnebT, e.i. raime axals viazrebT (es ki iSviaTi SemTxvevaa, magram drogamoSvebiT aseTi rameebic xdeba xolme!). Cven xom winaswar ar viciT, ras vifiqrebT _ Tu es
viciT, maS ukve gvifiqria. axali azrebis warmoqmna, rogorc aseTi, sul mudam, usasrulodaa SesaZlebeli.
grZnobis sferoSi saqme sul sxvagvaradaa. grZnobaSi improvizeba Cven ar SegviZlia, radgan ar ZalgviZs, grZnobebi Cveni neba-surviliT warmovSvaT: garda amisa, rogorc wesi, aq Cvens gankargulebaSi SesaZleblobaTa usasrulo mravalferovneba rodia. grZnobaTa palitra sakmaod SezRudulia: is iwyeba `CemTvis kargiT~ da mTavrdeba `CemTvis cudiT~. sadRac SuaSi maT Soris aris `mosawyeni~. xandaxan (Zalian Tu
movindomeT) Cven SegviZlia axali cnebebis Seqmna, magram grZnobebis Seqmna gana saerTod SesaZlebelia? neba miboZeT, Tundac es gkiTxoT: rodis igrZeniT ukanasknel xanebSi raime sruliad axali?
Cems naazrevs uSualod mas Semdeg SemiZlia davakvirde, roca raRac gaviazre.
xolo grZnobebze dakvirvebisTvis unda movicado, sanam grZnobis talRa minavldeba,
Torem yuradRebis mokreba Znelia. talRebi damaqanebs da rogorc wesi, ar arsebobs
uZravi punqti, Suqura Tu raime myari instancia CemSi, saidanac mRelvare zRvis
panoramisTvis Tvalis movlebas SevZlebdi.
Tu yoveldRiur grZnobiT cxovrebas Semdgom, misi Cawynarebis mere mainc SegviZlia davakvirdeT, aRviqvaT (Tumca, unda iTqvas, rom es aRqma CvenTvis, faqtobrivad,
gaugebari rCeba), yoveldRiur nebelobiT cxovrebaze dakvirveba saerTod SeuZlebelia. Tumca yoveli nebelobiTi aqtis SemTxvevaSi, ramdenadac is mizanmimarTul
xasiaTs atarebs, me raime azri Tu warmodgena ukve manamde unda mqondes, sanam neba CaerTveba da moqmedeba ganxorcieldeba _ da am azrze Tu warmodgenaze dakvirveba Cven
SegviZlia. magram neba, rogorc aseTi, am Sinaarsis gareSe, CvenTvis ucnobia. nebis ganxorcielebis Semdeg, ra Tqma unda, me SemiZlia Sedegs davakvirde. magram Tavad neba im
SemTxvevaSic aracnobier-zecnobieri rCeba, roca is savsebiT Cemi nebaa, ese igi, roca
raRacas Cemi Tavisufali iniciativiT vakeTeb (an, yovel SemTxvevaSi, amas ase ganvicdi). nebelobiTi aqti aseve bneliT moculi rCeba, roca me garegani mizeziT an mZafri
moTxovnilebis gamo vmoqmedeb.
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am `bneli~ nebis mimarT aSkarad ara aqvs azri kiTxvas: `rodis moisurveT raRac
axali?~ radgan es kiTxva azrobriv motivs gulisxmobs: `rodis gaiazreT raRac axali,
rac, amave dros, Tqveni nebac iyo?~
Cveni gamocdilebis Tanaxmad, aRqma TiTqos yvelaze xSirad mocemulobaa, is TavisTavad `gveZleva~, miuxedavad imisa, Cven maincdamainc es aRqma gvinda Tu ara. magram
saqme arc mTlad asea. imisTvis, rom dainaxo, Tvalebis gaxela sulac araa sakmarisi. gavixsenoT skola: bavSvi maswavlebels farTod gaxelili TvalebiT Sescqeris, mis moZraobebs Tvals adevnebs. yurebic xom, TavisTavad, Riaa _ ese igi, misi xma unda esmodes
da mainc ... verc verafers xedavs da arc araferi esmis: Tu maswavlebeli hkiTxavs _
warmodgena ara aqvs, raze iyo saubari. maswavleblebi kargad icnoben am Tvalebs, meocnebe gamometyvelebas.
fizikis, fiziologiis kanonebis mixedviT am SemTxvevaSi bavSvs, wesiT, mxedvelobiTi da smeniTi aRqma marTlac unda hqonoda: Tvalebs ecema sinaTlis sxivebi, fotonebi, yurs swvdeba haeris talRebi, romlebic yuris dafdafis apks aRwevs, rac fizikur-qimiur procesebs iwvevs, romlebic nervuli gzebiT Semdgom procesebs aRZravs.
maT xels araferi uSlis tvinamde, anu im adgilamde miRwevaSi, sadac maT `unda
gamoewviaT~ is, rom garkveul adamians daenaxa da moesmina. ratom ar moxda es, ra iyo
kidev saWiro? _ yuradReba. bavSvi `sxvagan iyo~. sad sxvagan? ocnebaSi, fantaziaSi.
maSasadame, yvela es fiziologiuri, fizikuri, qimiuri da ase Semdeg, procesi ar
yofila sakmarisi piroba imisTvis, rom aRqma ganxorcieldes: yuradRebas fiziologiur-fizikuri Sesatyvisi ar gaaCnia da maswavlebelic fiziologiasa da fizikas ki ar
mimarTavs xolme, aramed _ bavSvs: `yuradReba!~ ase rom, aRqma ase ubralod `mocemuli~ sulac araa.
imisTvis, rom raime aRviqvaT, garda yuradRebisa (romelic aRqmis process ganzrax, raime Temaze koncentraciiTac SeiZleba mowydes), kidev raRac aris saWiro . es
aris Cven mier aRsaqmeli obieqtis cneba. es cneba SeiZleba adreve iyos CvenSi mocemuli, anda aRqmisas mogveces, magram mis gareSe obieqts ver aRviqvamT. visac cneba
`saxli~ ar gaaCnia, is saxls ver dainaxavs. Cven vxedavT kedlebs, fanjrebs, sakvamurs,
Tuki es cnebebi gvaqvs. Cven vxedavT swored imas, risi cnebac gvaqvs. Cven yovelTvis
raimes aRviqvamT. ras? kiTxvaze `ra?~ raime cnebiT vpasuxobT.
aRqma saerTod ar iqneboda, yuradReba da cnebebi rom ar gagvaCndes. es ori ram aRqmidan rodi momdinareobs: yuradReba _ es Cven varT Tavad, cnebebi ki azrovnebiTi intuiciis (razedac male gveqneba saubari) wyalobiT warmoiqmneba, Tumca ki CvenSi im
`kiTxvebs~, romlebic cnebebamde misasvlelad gvWirdeba, aRqmis samyaro aCens: Tu bavSvs aRqmis unari Zlier daqveiTebuli aqvs, is cnebebs Znelad an saerTod ver ayalibebs.
amrigad, cnobierebis interierisTvis Tvalis movlebisas SinaarsTa or saxeobas
vpovebT. azrovnebis sferoSi gvaqvs: mza azrobrivi warmonaqmnebi da azrovnebis Tavisufali unari, romlis meSveobiTac Cven axali azrebisa da cnebebis Camoyalibeba
ZalgviZs; grZnobiT cxovrebaSi _ jerjerobiT _ mxolod mza grZnobiTi warmonaqmnebi da
araviTari SesaZlebloba imisa, rom grZnobaSi Tavisufali Semoqmedni viyoT; nebelobiT sferoSi _ neba, formirebuli an formirebadi, imisda mixedviT, raRac ukve azrobrivad warmosaxuli gvnebavs Tu raime axal intuicias vaZlevT ganxorcielebis
SesaZleblobas. rogorc aRqmiT, agreTve warmodgeniT sferoSi rogorc mza, aseve axal
Sinaarsebs SeiZleba wavawydeT.
1.2
pirveli sawyisebi
rogorc vxedavT, cnobierebis aRsawerad, pirvel rigSi, azrovnebas, anda, ufro
zustad, azrovnebiT dakvirvebas viyenebT. is sakuTar Tavsac, aRqmasac da grZnobiT
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sferosac Suqs fens. azrovnebiTi dakvirvebis gareSe _ vTqvaT, marto aRqma rom gvqondes _ arc ki gvecodineboda, rom aRviqvamT, rom saerTod gvaqvs iseTi ram, rasac
aRqmis unari hqvia. azrovneba, aRqmisgan distanciis daWeris SesaZlebloba rom ara,
amas ver SevityobdiT, iseve, rogorc Cveni mxedvelobis wyalobiT (Tuki Tvalebi ar
gvawuxebs, Tuki saRi Tvalebi gvaqvs) verasodes SevityobdiT, rom Tvalebis meSveobiT vxedavT. amas mxolod azrovneba gvimxels. vatarebT ra cdebs, azrovnebiTi impulsiT aRZrulni: Tvalebs vxuWavT, anda Tvalebze rames vifarebT da amrigad, azrovnebis meoxebiT vaskvniT, rom, Turme TvalebiT vxedavT. windauxedavad moazrovneni _ aseTebi mravlad arian _ imasac ki askvnian, rom Tvali xedavs. Cven ki _ Tvalis
gareSe _ `davinaxeT~, rom arc asea saqme.
azrovneba, rogorc aseTi, wminda saxiT iSviaTad Tu gveZleva gamocdilebaSi _ mxolod maSin, roca Zalian vcdilobT, rom logikurad da mecnierulad viazrovnoT;
aseT SemTxvevaSic ki yovelTvis ar gamogvdis, rom azrovneba sxva rameebisgan gavmijnoT. es `sxva rameebi~ azrovnebas, ra Tqma unda, yoveldRiur cxovrebaSic urevia:
grZnobebi, asociaciebi, ganwyobilebebi _ is, rasac yofiT cxovrebaSi `azrovnebas~
vuwodebT, umetes SemTxvevaSi swored rom ar aris azrovneba. magram ara marto azrovneba, aramed samSvinvelis sxva aqtivobanic, romelTac zemoT SevexeT (Tumca isic
sakiTxavia, ramdenad `aqtiurni~, `qmediTni~ varT Cven am dros), erTmaneTSia gadaxlarTuli. grZnobiT cxovrebas mudam warmodgenebi da sxva misTanani urevia, xolo aRqmaSi warmodgenebi, azrebi da ase gansajeT, nebelobiTi impulsebic ki iWreba. Cven
isic vnaxeT, rom yuradRebas, romelic arsebiTad avtonomiuri aqtivobaa, gamfantveli asociaciebi mainc zRudavs; rogorc azrovnebis, aseve aRqmis drosac Temidan
gadaxvevisadmi midrekileba arsebobs. am fenomenma SeiZleba ufro Sors wagviyvanos.
yuradRebis gadaxra _ es yuradRebis miZineba, modunebaa. yuradRebis veli am SemTxvevaSi nisliT rodi ibureba. ara, yuradReba Zalasa da simkveTres inarCunebs. ubralod, yuradRebis velSi Cveni neba-survilis gareSe Cndeba sxva obieqtebi Tu Temebi, xSirad iseve mkafiod rom gvesaxeba da Tu metad ara, iseve naTladaa gamokveTili, rogorc Tavdapirvelad dasaxuli Tema. Cveni nebisgan damoukidebeli raRac
Zala Semogvaparebs xolme maT yuradRebis fokusSi; yuradReba rodi eZebs maT. am faqtis dadgena ki, rom es _ Cven mier mouwadinebeli Sinaarsebi metwilad mkafiod gamokveTili, mza da formirebuli saxiT gvevlineba, mSvinvieri cxovrebis dakvirvebis
procesSi erT-erT umniSvnelovanes aRmoCenamde migviyvans.
gavixsenoT, rom amgvar mza warmonaqmnebs Cven cnobierebis inventarizaciisTvis
[aRwerisTvis] Tvalis pirveli movlebisTanave wavawydiT. azrovnebis sferoSi Cven,
erTi mxriv, mza azrobrivi warmonaqmnebi SevniSneT, meore mxriv _ azrovnebis Tavisufali unari, romlis wyalobiTac axali azrebisa da cnebebis Camoyalibeba ZalgviZs.
orive maTgani survilis motivi SeiZleba gaxdes. maSasadame, Cven SegviZlia an ukve mza
saxiT arsebuli warmodgenebi gamoviyenoT, anda axali SevqmnaT. rac Seexeba grZnobiT
sferos, aq raime aramza*, romelic unarad SeiZleboda gveRiarebina, arc ise advili
sapovnelia. magaliTad, roca Tqven xedavT abras: `moweva akrZalulia~, Tavis mtvreva
ar gWirdebaT imaze, ras niSnavs es. xolo, Tuki kiTxulobT winadadebas: `maSasadame,
sakiTxi qcevis nebelobiTi xasiaTis Sesaxeb araa sakiTxi misi gamomwvevi mizezis Sesaxeb~, maSin ki iZulebuli xarT, SeZlebisdagvarad intensiurad iazrovnoT. magram, Tu
SemTxveviT Tqven filosofosi brZandebiT da eTikis sferoSi garkveuli, maSin es
winadadeba SeiZleba TqvenTvis sulac ar iyos ufro rTuli, vidre `moweva akrZalulia~. cxadia, gamocdilebis gamo Tqven am SemTxvevaSi gacilebiT naklebi yuradReba
da aqtivoba mogeTxovebaT: gagebis procesi aq ufro avtomaturia. aseve, `moweva akrZalulia~ yoveldRiuri metyvelebidan amoRebuli winadadebaa da misi pirveli gageba odesRac ki azrovnebis sayovelTao adamianuri unaris SemweobiT ganxorcielda,
magram SemdgomSi TandaTanobiT is Cemi cnobierebis sistemis nawili xdeba, romlis
meSveobiTac, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, masze reagireba aqtiuri gagebisa da gaazrebis
gareSec SemiZlia. es nawili avtonomiur, gamgeb yuradRebas gamoeyofa. Cveni `me~
Zalze naklebad an saerTod aRarc aris saWiro imisTvis, rom abraze dawerili moTxovna gagebuli iyos da Sesruldes.
*
[aramza-s tipis warmoeba Tumca qarTuli enisTvis bunebrivi ara aris, magram aseT SemTxvevaSi vicavT originalis sizustes]
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TavisTavad cxadia, rom amgvari avtomatizmi mxolod mza azrobrivi warmonaqmnebis SemTxvevaSi gvaqvs. axali azrebi mxolod aqtiuri yuradRebis meSveobiT SeiZleba SemuSavdes, TumcaRa azrovnebiTi avtomatizmebis asamoqmedeblad _ kiTxvisas
Tu azrovnebisas _ yuradRebis minimumi mainc aucilebelia: vinc kiTxva sul ar icis,
misTvis xsenebuli abra arafris mTqmelia _ Tuki ar davuSvebT, rom is damwerlobiT
niSanTa garegnuli formis mixedviT xvdeba, raSicaa saqme. magram igive an TiTqmis igive
iTqmis im adamianTa Sesaxebac, visac es abra ukve xSirad unaxavs da waukiTxavs.
grZnobaTa sferoSi avtomatizmebi kidev ufro iolad da TavisTavad, ese igi, adamianis nebisgan ufro damoukideblad warmoiqmneba _ grZnobis gaCena xom srulebiTac
ar xdeba subieqtis aqtivobis meSveobiT, is ki arada, grZnoba Zalian xSirad subieqtis
nebisa da misi zraxvis sawinaaRmdegoc kia. grZnobebs SeiZleba avtomaturad mohyves
survilebi, ndoma, nebelobiTi impulsebi. rac azrobrivi Sinaarsebis sferosTvis Seuferebeli ram aris _ avtomatizmebis aRmoceneba _ grZnobaTa sferoSi normalur movlenad iTvleba. mza azrobrivi warmonaqmnebi, warmodgenebi xSirad grZnobismier formebTanaa dakavSirebuli da es mza samyaro _ Tavisi grZnobiTi komponentebis meSveobiT _ did damoukideblobas amJRavnebs im cnobierad mndomeli subieqtis mimarT,
romelic Cven aqtiur yuradRebaSi vpoveT. am mza sferodan warmodgeba asociaciebi,
gadaxrebi fiqrisas, meocnebeoba, iracionaluri SiSi, sisxlsa da xorcSi gamjdari
qcevis formebi, mSvinvieri Cvevebi, romlebic xSirad biologiur sferoSic ki idgams
fesvs, egreT wodebuli, kompleqsebi, specifikuri _ biografiulad ganpirobebuli _
sisusteebi da maTgan gamomdinare reaqciis formebi: sfero, romelic cnobierebiT ar
aris ganaTebuli da Znelad warmosadgenia, rom ganaTdes, magram romelic cnobierebazec axdens zemoqmedebas da xSirad Tavisi gaaqvs. zRapari meTevzeze, romelic sakuTari keTilgonierebis sawinaaRmdegod, magram yovelTvis Tavisi colis survilebis
mixedviT iqceoda, kargad gvixatavs am situacias:
`Cems meuRles, ilzebils,
rac Tavad msurs, ar surs is~.
fsiqologiaSi am sferos qvecnobieri ewodeba. es saxelwodeba maincdamainc saukeTeso veraa: jer erTi, imitom, rom es `qvecnobieri~ mxolod cnobierebisTvisaa
qvecnobieri, misi meSveobiT da masSi vlindeba da cnobierebisave meoxebiT cdilobs,
Tavisi gaitanos, meorec is, rom biblioTekebi gaiWeda wignebiT, romlebic `qvecnobiers~ aRwers _ maS, raRa `qvecnobieria~ is? da mesamec, mTeli es sfero, romelsac adre
ase ewodeboda, dRes ara mxolod nacnobi gaxda CvenTvis, aramed yoveldRiuri cxovrebis wesSi gabatonda kidec. es rodi niSnavs imas, TiTqos dRes naklebi iyos qvecnobieri, aramed es imis momaswavebelia, rom qvecnobieris Sinaarsebi, tendenciebi droTa ganmavlobaSi adgils inacvlebs, magram Cven am saxelwodebas mainc vinarCunebT,
radgan im momentSi, roca mza warmonaqmnebi aqtiurobs da cnobierebaSi TavianT
zemoqmedebas avrcelebs, cnobierebas es zemoqmedeba srulebiTac `ar nebavs~ da mas
umeteswilad verc ki amCnevs. mogvianebiT cnobierebas SeuZlia, rom ukve ganxorcielebuli qceviTi aqti gaiazros da xSirad isic SeuZlia, rom misi arsi ganWvritos.
ase, magaliTad: ratom da rogor moxda, rom yelsaxvevze koncentraciisas uecrad
grenlandiaSi aRmovCndi? es yelsaxvevi deidaCemisgan mergo saCuqrad, misma qmarma ki
bavSvobaSi wigni maCuqa CrdiloeT polusis eqspediciebze da im wignSi pirvelad wavikiTxe raRac grenlandiis Sesaxeb. da kidev erTi emociuri motivis mignebac SeiZleba: maRali wrisTvis damaxasiaTebeli cxovrebis yaidis gamo im droisTvis me biZaCems vaRmerTebdi, mas ki, Cemda savalalod, sulac ar vedardebodi.
asociaciebi umetesad ara logikis gziT, aramed subieqturi gancdebis safuZvelze warmoiqmneba: isini samSvinvelis piradul sferos ganekuTvneba, im SemTxvevaSic ki,
roca mraval adamians erTisa da imave sityvis, an erTisa da imave scenis gamo erTnairi
asociaciebi Tu grZnobebi uCndeba: yvelanairi reklama da garTobis industria am
fenomens emyareba. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi xom yvelas sakuTari ludxana Tu sakuTari
Ramis klubi eqneboda. qvecnobierTan damokidebulebaSi Cven arcTu ise individualurni varT, miuxedavad imisa, rom grZnobebis sfero CvenTvis yvelaze intimuri sferoa. Suri, ampartavnoba, pativmoyvareoba, ramdenadac me vici, Zalze gavrcelebuli
grZnobiTi fenomenebia, miuxedavad imisa, rom isini jerac aravis `moundomebia~. me jer
ar Semxvedria adamiani, romelsac surs pativmoyvare iyos, anda, magaliTad, visac miznad daesaxos, dReis amas iqiT egoisti gaxdes _ da aqamde ki egoisti ar yofila. `me
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msurs gavxde avazaki~ _ amas swored is ambobs, vinc ukve avazakia: riCard mesame Seqspiris dramaSi.
da mainc, am fenomenebs piraduli xasiaTi aqvs, radgan maTi sxvisTvis gadacema SeuZlebelia. me imeds ar vkargav, rom Cems azrebs sxva adamianebic gaigeben, magram isic vici, rom aravis SeuZlia igrZnos is, rasac me ganvicdi, uiRblo siyvaruliT dalaxvruli. aRwerilobis mixedviT adamianTa gancdebi SeiZleba Zalian msgavsi iyos, magram
aseTi grZnobebisTvis, arsebiTad, swored subieqturobaa damaxasiaTebeli. aseve, biografiulad ganpirobebul asociaciur jaWvTa formirebac, rogorc wesi, subieqturad da individualurad sxvadasxvagvarad xdeba im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu, vTqvaT, or
adamians cxovrebaSi msgavsi ram gadaxdenia Tavs. asociaciebis, grZnobebis Zalian didi
nawili mTlianad subieqturia.
qvecnobieris ufro Rrma fenebSi Tu CavixedavT, vnaxavT, rom mis wiaRSi mikvleuli movlenebi sul ufro Znelad aRsaweri da gadmosacemi xdeba. _ da kvlav davafiqsiroT: ras viSveliebT, rom es fenomenebi mainc aRvweroT da sxvebsac gavuziaroT?
metyvelebas _ winadadebebs, sityvebs, romelTa saSualebiTac azrebs gamovxatavT.
azrebi winadadebebis agebis, sityvaTa wyobis meoxebiT SeiZleba metad Tu naklebad
sxartad, plastikurad, xatovnad gamoixatos. magram, umTavresad, Cven yovelTvis
gvaqvs rwmena, gvwams, rom gagvigeben. ase rom ara, yvelani davdumdebodiT, anda, yovel
SemTxvevaSi, gambedaoba ar gveyofoda, rom amgvar Temebze gvesaubra an gvewera. cnobierad Tu aracnobierad Cven yovelTvis vfiqrobT, rom azrovneba sayovelTaod gasagebi ramaa. amitom imasac ki vcdilobT, rom azrebis _ Sesabamisad metyvelebis _ saSualebiT gamovxatoT Cveni grZnobebi, maSin, roca komikuri iqneboda, Cveni azrebis gamoxatva grZnobebis meSveobiT rom mogvendomebina. da Tu aseTi ram amqveynad saerTod
xdeba, mas demagogia hqvia. azrovnebisTvis gverdis avlisas upiratesad nebelobiTi
impulsebis gamowveva xdeba. reklamator-dizainerebsa da demagogebs adamianis moazrovne buneba arafrad esaWiroebaT. isini cdiloben swored asociaciebi da emociebi
moiyvanon moZraobaSi logikuri azrovnebisTvis SeZlebisdagvarad Tavis aridebiT.
isini samSvinvelis im sferos mimarTaven, romelic mza Sinaarsebis, struqturebisa da
asociaciuri jaWvebisgan Sedgeba. isini aramzas, araformirebuls ar mimarTaven, arc
unars mimarTaven da Tavisufali unaris gamoRviZeba Tu ganviTareba saerTod ar swadiaT.
ra Tqma unda, xSirad xdeba, rom sxvisi azrebi CvenTvis gaugebaria, anda iolad gasagebi araa, zogjer iseTi STabeWdilebac gvrCeba, rom araswori, aralogikuria, anda
saerTod ar aris azrebi. maSin Cven vkamaTobT, sakuTari poziciis axsnas vcdilobT.
riTi? azrebis meSveobiT, romlebic metyvelebis samoselSia gaxveuli. gamodis, rom
azrovnebas mainc srulad vendobiT. jer erTi, rakiRa misi SemweobiT Tavad vaRwevT
WeSmaritebas da meorec, vinaidan mowinaaRmdege mxare misTvis Cveni azrebis gaziarebis Semdeg SeiZleba `Caswvdes~ saqmis arss. ase moxdeba Tu ara, am SemTxvevaSi CvenTvis
mTavari araa. erTi ram kia mniSvnelovani: rom azrovnebaSi da misi gamovlenis formebSi, rogoricaa metyveleba, mimika, Jestikulacia, Cveneba, Srifti _ erTi sityviT,
metyveleba _ Cven universaluri da ara piraduli elementi aRmovaCineT, romlis
meSveobiTac sxva adamianebTan komunikacias vamyarebT da romlis meSveobiTac rogorc
sxvas, aseve sakuTar Tavsac SegviZlia rame gavagebinoT.
vici, rom araerTi moazrovne ayenebs kiTxvis niSnis qveS azrovnebis sayovelTao
xasiaTs anu im debulebas, rom adamianTa Soris SeTanxmebis misaRwevad azrovneba
universaluri saSualebaa. magram Tavad es eWvic xom isev azrovnebas emyareba. da Tu
ara _ maSin is mxolod `kaprizi~ yofila. amis mizezebis moZiebac SesaZlebelia: ratom
ekargeba adamians ndoba azrovnebis mimarT? da esec swored isev azrovnebiT aris SesaZlebeli. Cven ar ZalgviZs azrovnebisgan gandgoma. amis gadawyvetac xom isev azrovnebis mier moxdeboda. `dReidan Cven mxolod emociebs vemorCilebiT!~ _ magram es xom
kvlav azria. Cven ar ZalgviZs azrovnebaze uaris Tqma, vidre sakuTar adamianobaze ar
gviTqvams uari, anda vidre rame ufro naTelisa da sxivosanisTvis ar migvignia, vidre
azrovnebaa. jerjerobiT ki ueWvelad igia Cveni cnobierebis yvelaze naTeli funqcia.
is, vinc ambobs, `azrovneba arafris maqnisiao~, emsgavseba adamians, romelic im tots
Wris, romelzedac zis, vinaidan TviT es mtkicebac isev da isev azria, romelic azrovnebis Sedegad aris gamocdilebidan _ SesaZloa, usiamovno gamocdilebidan _ gamotanili.
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kantis mcdeloba, rom antinomiebis (azrTa winaaRmdegobrivi msvlelobebis) gziT
gviCvenos, raoden arasaimedo sayrdenia azrovneba, swored sawinaaRmdegos gviCvenebs.
kants, magaliTad, moyavs argumentebi samyaros sasrulobisa da paralelurad _ samyaros usasrulobis Taobaze. amiT mas surs daamtkicos, rom azrovnebas orive am mosazrebis dasabuTeba SeuZlia da rom raime gadawyvetilebamde misvla azrovnebaze
dayrdnobiT SeuZlebelia. sworia Tu ara kantis mosazreba, amis garCeva iqiT iyos,
magram, Tu sworia, maSin is mxolod imas amtkicebs, rom kantis gankargulebaSi damatebiT kidev erTi azrovnebaa, romelsac im azrovnebis arasrulfasovnebis aRmoCena ZaluZs, romelsac es sabuTebi mohyavs. niSandoblivia, rom kants am azrovnebis arseboba `aviwydeba~, mTeli misi mcdeloba ki sakuTari azrovnebis mimarT mis Rrma, magram
aracnobier ndobas amJRavnebs.
azrebi azrovnebis pirmSoa. saidan momdinareobs Tavad azrovneba? ra kavSirSia azrovneba metyvelebasTan? es kiTxvebi Cven qvecnobieris, samSvinvelis mza Sinaarsebis
sapirispiro polusisken wagviyvans.
1.3
metyveleba da azrovneba
metyveleba da azrovneba cnobierebis `sayovelTao-adamianuri~ qmedebebia, romliTac adamianTa Soris komunikacia myardeba. adre maT suliseul unars uwodebdnen.
metyvelebas miekuTvneba agreTve werilobiT da JestebiT, mimikiT gamoxatuli `sityva~ anu yovelive is, rac ganzraxulis gamoxatvaa da rasac fizikurad SegrZnebadi aRqmis meSveobiT meore adamianamde miRweva ZaluZs. adamianebs rom aseTi _ fizikurad
SegrZnebadi aRqmebiT gaSualebuli _ komunikacia esaWiroebaT, es gamowveulia maTi
cnobierebis konstituciiT, imiT, rom adamianebi cnobierebis sferoSi erTmaneTisgan
gamijnulni arian. es daskvna, ase trivialuri rom Cans, erTaderTi SesaZlo varianti
sulac ar aris: egreT wodebuli, primitiuli xalxebi aki cxovrobdnen da dRemde
cxovroben met-naklebad saerTo gvarovnuli Tu ojaxuri cnobierebiT. bavSvis ametyvelebis xanaSic kvlav da kvlav es paradoqsia ZalaSi. Tu arseba, romelic verc azrovnebs da verc metyvelebs, rogor iTvisebs sityvebs, enasa da azrovnebas? pirveli sityva, pirveli sityvebi xom bavSvma yovelgvari sityvieri axsna-ganmartebis gareSe unda gaigos. Tu ggoniaT, rom Cvenebas, mimikas da ase Semdeg, SeuZlia am SemTxvevaSi
daxmarebis gaweva? es niSnebi xom bavSvs ukve unda gaegebodes, rom mas sityvis gagebaSi
daexmaros. xolo, Tu bavSvs miTiTebis Jesti esmis, ese igi, mas, karga xania, `metyvelebac~ SesZlebia, ese igi, misTvis gasagebia azri: `me Sen raRacas giCveneb~. ar arsebobs `bunebrivi~ mimaniSnebeli Jestebi. bavSvma, aucilebeli sulac araa, icodes (da
Tavdapirvelad arc icis), rom Cemi saCvenebeli TiTis mimarTulebiT unda gaixedos;
arc ZaRlma icis es.
garda amisa, bavSvma unda gamoicnos, aseTi CvenebiT ras vgulisxmob: magidas, mis
fers, masalas(xes), oTxkuTxeds, horizontalur sibrtyes, zedapiris siswores Tu
ras. me xom yovelive amas erTi da imave JestiT vuCveneb. bavSvi pirvel sityvebs
uSualod igebs, sityvieri axsna-ganmartebebis gareSe, intuiturad, anu, sxvagvarad
rom vTqvaT, is mosaubris iseTi Rrma mibaZvis wyalobiT igebs, romlis drosac ara
marto sityvebis, aramed metyvelebis ganzraxvis (intenciis) mibaZvac xdeba. bavSvi
TviTidentifikacias axdens molaparakis wyarosTan, mosaubris mesTan. mas xom gagebis
sxva SesaZlebloba ara aqvs. `axsna-ganmartebebis micema~ aq SeuZlebelia. ras niSnavs
esa Tu is _ pirveli sityvebi, man mosaubris usityvo, ueno gagebiT unda gaigos da es
aris gageba mosaubris azrebisa, an iqneb, ufro zustad rom vTqvaT, gageba misi
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azrobrivi intenciisa. vinaidan bavSvi uSualod igebs azrebs, romelTa gamoxatvac
mosaubres surs, amitom man isic icis, ras niSnavs misi sityvebi.
araerTi moazrovne fiqrobs, rom bavSvi metyvelebas TuTiyuSiviT swavlobs. es
Secdomaa. TuTiyuSi saerTod ar metyvelebs iseve, rogorc ar metyvelebs magnitofonis firi _ mas gagebis unari xom ar gaaCnia. bavSvi ki igebs. ase rom ara, igi mudamdRe ukve gagonil winadadebebs gaimeorebda mxolod, Tanac _ Seuferebel situaciebSi
da axal winadadebas nacnobi sityvebisgan garemoebaTa Sesatyvisad ver Seadgenda. es
ki bavSvs adreul asakSive SeuZlia.
yvelaze ufro TvalsaCinod es iseTi sityvebis gagebisas Cans, rogoricaa me da
Sen. mivuTiTebT magidaze da vambobT: `magida~; bavSvic miuTiTebs magidaze da ambobs: `magida~. mivuTiTebT skamze da vambobT: `skami~; bavSvic miuTiTebs skamze da
ambobs: `skami~. axla mosaubre miuTiTebs Tavis Tavze da ambobs: me. Tu bavSvi wina
nimuSebis mixedviT moiqceva, man Tanamosaubreze unda miuTiTos da Tqvas: me. Tavdapirvelad, SesaZloa, asec moxdes; magram Semdeg is sworad igebs da ambobs: Sen . es
gagebis procesi rom ara, bavSvi Tanamosaubres `samarTlianad~ uwodebda mes, xolo
Tavis Tavs _ Sen s. is ki ara da es saxelebi yovel momdevno TaobaSi Sebrundeboda!
diax, pirveli sityvebis intuituri, usityvo gagebis procesi aseTia, da es procesi, principSi, zrdasrulobis asakSic aseve xorcieldeba yoveli cnebis aTvisebisas. ubralod, mogvianebiT is ase aSkarad aRar Cans, vinaidan axsna-ganmartebebiTaa gadafaruli (romlebic, Tavis mxriv, aseve unda gaigon, rom `axsna-ganmarteba~ saerTod
Sedges). magram es usityvo gageba, romelsac bavSvi amJRavnebs, am asakSi inteleqtualuri unaris moqmedebis erTaderTi gamovlineba rodia. adreul asakSi gramatikulad swori metyvelebis unari enaTmecnierebisTvis dResac didi da gamoucnobi
Tavsatexia. bavSvs, romelmac gramatikis arsebobis Sesaxeb araferi icis _ da verc
gaigebs, ra aris is _ mciredi da logikurad arasakmarisi `monacemebidan~, ese igi, mosmenili gramatikuli formebidan, gramatikis, rogorc unaris, `konstruireba~ (ase
ewodeba amas mecnierulad) adreul asakSive SeuZlia. cnobierad, ra Tqma unda, bavSvi
arafris `konstruirebasac~ ar axdens, magram mas ZaluZs, gramatika praqtikulad gamoiyenos da sworad imetyvelos. es exeba sintaqssac _ winadadebis agebas _ romlis
wesTa umravlesobisTvis formulireba mecnierebasac ki ver miucia.
mipasuxeT, Tu SeiZleba: piradad Tqven, mozrdilma adamianma, iciT Tu ara Tqveni
mSobliuri enis gramatika? da Tu odesme SegiswavliaT, maSin aseT kiTxvaze mipasuxeT:
rodesac metyvelebT, cnobierad iyenebT imas, rac SegiswavliaT, Tu, ubralod, ise
metyvelebT, rogorc bavSvobidanve xarT miCveuli?... irkveva, rom metyveleba (romelic bavSvobaSi intuiturad, zecnobierad SegviTvisebia) mTeli cxovrebis manZilze
gvrCeba rogorc zecnobieri unari.
cxovelebs erTmaneTTan komunikacia aqvT, magram isini ar metyveleben anu maTi
`komunikacia~ instinqturia. maT ar SeuZliaT, vTqvaT, dafiqrdnen imaze, gamoscen Tu
ara raime xma, signali. maT es an unda qnan, an _ ara. cnobieri ganzraxva, rogorc aseTi,
iq saerTod ar arsebobs: arc is ganzraxva, rom xma gamoscen da arc is, rom ar gamoscen.
Tqven, albaT, ityviT, rom `zogierTi adamianic yovelTvis cnobierad rodi fiqrobs
imaze, ilaparakos Tu ara, aramed moxsnis gudas pirs da ...~(am yvelasTvis kargad nacnob fenomenze marTlac Rirs dafiqreba).
kidev erTi sakiTxia: bavSvi gagonil bgerebsa da sityvebs baZavs; keTili, magram
saidan `icis~ bavSvma, rogor xerxdeba es, ra moZraobebi unda Seasrulos metyvelebis
organoebma imisTvis, rom sityva Tu bgera reproducirdes? es marTlacda sakiTxavia _
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gagonili bgera metyvelebis organoTa moZraobebs xom srulebiTac ar `hgavs~; am moZraobebisa da warmoTqmuli bgerebis urTierTkavSiri mozrdilTaTvisac ar aris naTeli: me rom gkiTxoT, magaliTad, rogor warmoTqvamT bgera `g~-s, Tqven maSinve eqsperimentis Catarebas daiwyebT. zusti dakvirveba ki garkveul Zalisxmevas moiTxovs.
aranakleb paradoqsulia amasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxi: rogor swavlobs bavSvi
azrovnebas? arc es xdeba azrovnebaSi `gakveTilebis miRebiT~ _ azrovnebis swavleba
xom mxolod maSin aris SesaZlebeli (isic _ gaWirvebiT), roca bavSvi ukve azrovnebs.
bavSvs ki azrTa pirveli gagonebisa da gagebis Semdeg axali azrebis gageba da gamoxatva ukve Tavad SeuZlia. mas ZaluZs, daeuflos mTel rig `auxsnad~ cnebebs _ mozrdilTaTvis auxsnads _ rogoricaa, magaliTad, `diax~, `aris~, `-Si~, `magram~, `siyvaruli~.
arada es is sityvebia, romlebsac bavSvi adreul asakSive azrianad iyenebs. aba, scadeT da es sityvebi auxseniT Tundac mozrdil adamians _ ai, maSin mTeli sigrZe-siganiT igrZnobT, rasTan gaqvT saqme.
rogorc ityvian, patara bavSvisTvis yvela xumroba axalia. es yovel sityvaze, cnebasa Tu azrze SeiZleba ganvavrcoT. metyvelebasa da azrovnebas rom eufleba, bavSvs
metyvelebiTi Cvevebi, mza azrobrivi formebi, stimuli, reaqciis meqanizmebi ar gaaCnia: yovelive amas mxolod zrdasrul adamianebSi vxvdebiT da amis Camomyalibebeli
is unari gaxlavT, romelsac bavSvi zecnobierad garSemo myof adamianTa laparakisa
da qcevis wyalobiT iZens. amgvari garemos gareSe laparaks, fexis adgmas, cxovrebas
erTi bavSvic ver SeZlebda, Tundac sxeulebrivad yvelanairad uzrunvelyofili
yofiliyo.
bavSvze dakvirveba metyvelebisa da azrovnebis dauflebisas cxadyofs, rom am
procesSi _ roca bavSvi Tanamosaubres mTeli arsebiT eZleva _ azrovneba, grZnoba da
nebeloba iRebs monawileobas, magram yovelive es aq sul sxvagvarad funqcionirebs,
vidre mozrdilSi. SeiZleba iTqvas, azri, grZnoba da neba aq erTmaneTisgan srulebiT
araa gamijnuli, aramed erTian unars Seadgens. bavSvma unda SeZlos, `mibaZos~ Tanamosaubres, misi laparakis, metyvelebis nebamde `Cahyves~, anu mis mier raRacis Tqmis
konkretul nebamde, rom gaigos naTqvami, diax, gaigos _ da es manamde, vidre Tavad
sityvebs, mimikasa da Jestebs daeyrdnoba. metyvelebis am nebaSi ukve devs saTqmelis
azri, arsi. sityvaTa mniSvnelobebi mogvianebiT _ ara droSi, aramed Tavisi arsiT mogvianebiT _ yalibdeba.
metyvelebis neba grZnobebsac moicavs, naTqvams romelic Tan axlavs da romliTac
bavSvs mimarTaven xolme (imedia, mecnieruli Teoriebis gadmolagebas bavSvTan aravin
cdilobs). da es grZnoba exeba rogorc naTqvams, aseve bavSvsac da am grZnobas Seiqms
rogorc gadmosacemi Sinaarsi, aseve is _ bavSvi _ viskenac aris es Sinaarsi mimarTuli.
rasakvirvelia, optimaluria, Tuki mosaubre bavSvs mTeli Tavisi arsebiT mimarTavs.
magram vinaidan mozrdilTa mxridan aseTi ram sul ufro da ufro iSviaTad xorcieldeba, amitom sul ufro da ufro meti iseTi bavSvi gvxvdeba, metyvelebis unari da
qcevis formebi rom darRveuli aqvs.
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1.4
zecnobieri
bavSvis mier metyvelebis aTvisebaze dakvirvebisas Cven cnobierebis axal Tvisebriobas _ ase SegviZlia mas vuwodoT _ zecnobier unar-SesaZleblobas gavecaniT. es
swored rom unaria _ da ara codna: sintaqsurad, gramatikulad swori metyvelebis
unari; gagonili bgeris, gagonili sityvebis mibaZvis unari; mosmenilis usityvod
gagebis unari. sityvebs gagebis procesisTvis mxolod maSina aqvs mniSvneloba, roca es
sityvebi erTxel ukve gavigeT. gagebulisa da gaxsenebulisgan Semdgom yalibdeba
cnobiereba, rogorc me-cnobiereba. bunebrivia, am cnobierebam bavSvis pirvelsawyisi
gagebis Sesaxeb, romlis pirmSoc aris Tavad, araferi icis. warmoSobis momentSi xom es
cnobiereba ar arsebobda _ da Tavisi saTaveebi mogvianebiTac, Znelad warmosadgenia,
rom daadginos, radgan am pirvelsawyisi gagebis sferoSi mozrdilebs, rogorc wesi,
Zalze mcire gamocdileba Tu moepovebaT. _ ara? ar meTanxmebiT? maSin TqviT, rodis
gaiazreT raime axali?
amitom saxelwodeba `zecnobieri~ gamarTlebulia. zecnobieri yovelTvis aris
unari, unar-SesaZlebloba da ara Cveva, ara raRac mza. azrovnebis, grZnobisa da nebelobis ganxilvisas Cven vnaxeT, rom arsebobs mza warmonaqmnebi. Cven isic davinaxeT,
rom mza ram samSvinvelSi, rogorc wesi, cnobierad ar moqmedebs, avtonomiuri me-arsebidan ki ar momdinareobs, aramed imgvarad aRmocendeba, rogorc, magaliTad, grZnobebma icis xolme mosvla daupatiJeblad, an rogorc asociaciebi gvewveva xolme daukiTxavad. aqedan gamomdinare, azrs moklebuli ar unda iyos, Tuki mza mSvinvieri
Sinaarsebis mTel sferos qvecnobiers vuwodebT. qvecnobieria yvela im winaswarformirebuli aqtivobis warmomavloba, romelic grZnobiT Tu azrobriv formebSi,
qcevis nimuSebsa da nebelobiT impulsebSi iCens Tavs, adamianis avtonomiuri nebisgan
damoukideblad da xandaxan cnobierebas mTlianad tboravs.
mniSvnelovani gansxvaveba zecnobier unarsa da qvecnobier Cvevebs Soris
swored isaa, rom qvecnobieri aqtivobani mudam `mza~, formirebuli saxiT iCens Tavs _
magaliTad, asociaciebi. zecnobieri Zalebi anu unari ki piriqiT, yovelTvis aramzaa
da maTi wyalobiTaa, rom saerTod SesaZlebelia raime formirebulis anu mzas Seqmna,
ese igi, es Zalebi ufro pirveladi Srea adamianis arsebisa. ra gansxvavebaa Cvevasa da
unars Soris? Cvevaa, Tuki, magaliTad, fortepianoze mxolod romeliRac erTi nawarmoebis dakvra SemiZlia _ SesaZloa, brwyinvaledac; unari ki _ roca nebismieri nawarmoebis dakvra SemiZlia viswavlo Cemi teqnikis, Cemi musikalurobis kvalobaze. unari,
ar SeiZleba iTqvas, rom is `mzaa~. es gansxvaveba maTi Camoyalibebis procesis TvalsazrisiTac SeimCneva: Cvevebis Camoyalibeba daCveviT, dresirebiT[gaxedniT] xorcieldeba, unarisa ki _ mecadineobiT (TumcaRa dRevandel dRes skolis kedlebSi es gansxvaveba nulamdea dasuli).
meore arsebiTi gansxvaveba am or aracnobier sferos Soris isaa, rom zecnobieri
unaris wyalobiT adamiani, rogorc Cans, raRac zepirovnuli, universaluri (azrovnebasTan kavSirSi _ metad, garkveul enaze metyvelebasTan kavSirSi _ naklebad) yofierebis sferos mkvidria. qvecnobieri ki piriqiT, mudam piraduli xasiaTis, piraduli
warmoSobisaa. yoveli komunikacia, aseve xelovneba, yvelanairi xeloba Tu ostatoba
zecnobieri warmoSobisaa.
magram amave dros Cven davinaxeT, rom qvecnobieris formebi, miuxedavad maTi individualuri warmoSobisa, mainc erTmaneTis msgavsia (SegveZlo gveTqva: koleqtiuria).
riT gansxvavdeba zecnobieri koleqtiuri xasiaTisgan? aq aseT Sedarebas moviyvandi:
sijansaRe yoveli organizmis bunebrivi mdgomareobaa. daavadebebi yovel organizms
cal-calke ipyrobs, magram es individualuri daavadebebi TavianTi simptomebiT
SeiZleba Zalian hgavdes erTmaneTs. daavadeba yvelas individualurad emarTeba, magram is xom yvelasTvis `gripia~, yvelasTvis `yivanaxvelaa~ da ase Semdeg.
Cvevebi _ gansakuTrebiT bavSvobis asakSi _ xels gviwyobs da saWiroa. magram maT siWarbes unda veridoT. asakTan erTad adamianma SeTvisebuli Cvevebi _ yvelaze farTo
gagebiT _ unda gadasinjos, cnobierad axali Cvevebi Camoiyalibos da yuradRebiT unda
ekidebodes maT.
is Sedegebi, romlebsac bavSvi metyvelebisa da azrovnebis dauflebisas aRwevs,
SemdgomSi, cxovrebis manZilze, Cveulebriv, veRar miiRweva. yvelaferi, rasac igi
Semdgom _ ukve metyvelebasa da azrovnebas dauflebuli _ swavlobs da iTvisebs,
bavSvobis xanaSi SeZenili unaris safuZvelze Sendeba. SeiZleba imasac davakvirdeT,
rom, ramdenadac mza SinaarsTa da CvevaTa ricxvi izrdeba (ra Tqma unda, isev da isev
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zecnobieri unaris meoxebiT da mis `xarjze~), imdenad es unari ukan ixevs. meore enis
SeTviseba zrdasrulobis asakSi Znelia, maSin, roca bavSvi or mSobliur enasac ki
iolad iTvisebs, Tuki garemo orenovania. magram, Cans, arc mozrdilisTvisaa mTlad
dagmanuli zecnobierTan misasvleli _ axali cnebebis Camoyalibeba, axlis gaazreba,
axali azrebis gageba ramdenadme normalur yovel adamians ZaluZs. yovelive es zecnobieridan Camortyocnili intuituri sxivia, romelic yovelTvis arsebobs, magram ver cnobierdeba. aseTi `arseboba~ ki zogierT Riad datovebul sakiTxs aSuqebs.
zecnobieris aseTi faruli saxiT arsebobis codna gasagebs xdis Cveni cnobierebis
unars _ moexsenebodes sakuTari fenomenebis Taobaze, amCnevdes Tavis warsuliseul
xasiaTs: am instanciidan mipyrobilia mzera ama Tu im fenomenze, Tundac sakuTar warsulze. am instanciis meoxebiT aris SesaZlebeli improvizeba axali, ese igi, WeSmariti azrovnebisas, gacnobierebiT ki mxolod ukve gaazrebulsRa vacnobierebT.
zecnobieris monawileobas, mis qmediTobas cnobierebis cxovrebaSi, upirveles
yovlisa, komunikaciis unaris warmoSobisas da qmedebisas, ese igi, metyvelebisa da
azrovnebis dros SegviZlia davakvirdeT _ rogorc bavSvTan, sadac isini warmoSobis
procesSia, aseve mozrdilis SemTxvevaSi, romelic maT amoqmedebs, iyenebs. TumcaRa
mozrdilTan Sesisxlxorcebuli Cvevebis, azrobrivi formebisa da zecnobieri mSvinvieri sferos sxva mza produqtebiT sargeblobis gamo am unaris zecnobieri xasiaTis
wvdoma garTulebulia. zecnobieris qmedeba CvenTvis azrovnebis procesSi SeiZleba
gaxdes xelSesaxebi. garda amisa, adamians xelewifeba, gumaniT mainc uxmos, ganicdides
grZnobas _ jerjerobiT zecnobiers _ romlis meoxebiTac mas SeuZlia gaarkvios, magaliTad, gramatikulad da enobrivad unaklo winadadeba azriani, logikuri, evidenturi, ese igi, naTelia, Tu uazro mideb-modebaa. TumcaRa mTeli rigi mwerlebi, oratorebi, Jurnalistebi, politikosebi da mecnierebi laparakSi iseT virtuozobas
aRweven, rom zogjer did garjad gviRirs, maTi naTqvamis sicariele da uazroba davadginoT. Tuki gvkiTxaven _ saidan xvdebiT, logikuria esa da es gamonaTqvami Tu ara da
ratomo? _ Tqven aRmoaCenT, rom am dros logikosTa mier mowodebul formalobasTan
Sedarebas (aseTi SedarebisTvisac, sxvaTa Soris, isev zecnobieri unaria saWiro) an
sxva amdagvars ki ar eyrdnobiT, aramed raRac grZnobas emyarebiT, saxeldobr, SemecnebiT grZnobas logikurobisa, romelsac azrovneba mihyveba (Tuki is marTlac azrovnebaa), zecnobierad mihyveba. logika is mecniereba ki araa, romlis winaswargamzadebuli miTiTebebiTac vixelmZRvanelebdiT: `ase da ase unda iazrovnoo~, aramed
logikaSi mxolod azrovnebis procesis dasrulebis SemdegRa xdeba imis aRwera, es
procesi rogor mimdinareobs. adamians rom logikis, rogorc mecnierebis, Seswavlis
gareSe logikurad azrovneba ar SeeZlos, maSin is mas verc Seiswavlida, logikis wignTa avtorebze rom aRaraferi vTqvaT, romlebic maT ver dawerdnen, sanam am wignebs ar
waikiTxavdnen. magram, rogor moaxdinos avtorma Tavis nawarmoebTa citireba manamde,
sanam isini ar dauweria? ase rom, SeiZleba iTqvas: ramdenadac adamiani azrovnebs, es
azrovneba logikuria. Tuki adamiani raRac logikur Secdomas uSvebs, amaSi damnaSave
azrovneba ki ara, aramed _ azrovnebiT nakadSi moxvedrili araazrovneba* iqneba: ase
rom ara, azrobriv Secdomas azrovnebis meSveobiT sulac ver aRmovaCendiT. xolo is,
rac Cveni azrovnebis logikur mimdinareobas warmarTavs _ es aris aSkara grZnoba
sicxadisa, eWvmiutanlobisa (vambobT : `savsebiT naTelia!~).
is ki ara, raRacnairad, gumaniT, marTlac cxad, naTel, Cveni Cveulebrivi cnobierebisTvis metismetad naTel nebelobasac ki SegviZlia CavwvdeT. Cvens sxeulebriv
yofaSi, Cveulebriv, `bneli~ neba ereva xolme, da Cven ar ZalgviZs, am nebas cnobierad
mivadevnoT Tvali. magram, roca Zlier koncentrirebulad, ese igi, improvizaciulad
vazrovnebT, rogor viqmT amas? Cven cnobierad ganvsazRvravT Temas. Semdeg ki SesaZleblobas vaZlevT azrovnebas, Tavisuflad gaSalos frTebi. amasTan, ramdenadac SesaZlebelia, Cvens subieqtur TviTnebobas gamovricxavT. aseTnairad frTagaSlil azrovnebaSi ki TqvenTvis ucnobi neba gamosWvivis: me xom ar minda raRac winaswargansazRvruli vifiqro, me xom sulac ar vici, ras gavifiqreb meore wuTSi: neba improvizaciuli azrovnebisas am azrovnebasTan erTiania da es azrovnebis nebaa da ara Cemi.
me jerjerobiT mxolod winaswargansazRvruli ram SemiZlia vinebo. wminda koncentrirebul azrovnebaSi zecnobieri nebaa Cadebuli da masSi Sefarebuli sicxadis grZnoba, romelsac azrovneba rogorc gzis maCvenebels, mihyveba. gana SemiZlia vTqva, rom es
*
[am tipis sityvawarmoebisTvis ix. SeniSvna gv. 12]
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neba Cemia? araviTar SemTxvevaSi. me SemiZlia es neba mxolod avamoqmedo. Tu rogor
viqm amas _ arc esaa CemTvis cnobieri.
amas Zalian hgavs is, rac aRqmaSi xdeba. aq adamians moqmedebaSi Tavisi nebiT mxolod yuradReba mohyavs; xolo is, rasac igi aRiqvams, mis nebas saerTod ar eqvemdebareba _ adamians ar ZaluZs masSi TviTneburad Secvalos raime, vTqvaT, mwvane yviTlad dainaxos. aRsaqmeli samyaros `neba~ gansazRvravs imas, ras davinaxavT Cven. adamianze, mis cnebaTa samyaroze, mis yuradRebaze da ase Semdeg, aris damokidebuli is,
igi am TavisTavad mocemulSi Caxedvas, masSi CaRrmavebas ramdenad Rrmad SeZlebs. rac
ufro metad aZlevs igi aRqmiT samyaros `ametyvelebis~ saSualebas, rac ufro naklebad ereva Tavad masSi, miT ufro srulyofilia misi aRqma, ese igi, rac ufro metad
aZlevs igi frTis gaSlis uflebas am ucxo nebas anu Semobrunebul nebas, romelic
misgan samyarosken ki ar miemarTeba, aramed samyarodan iRvreba masSi. ai, es Semobrunebuli nebac zecnobieri warmoSobisaa.
1.5
adamiani da misi samyaro
adamiani ukve Camoyalibebulsa da wminda unarismiers Soris sunTqavs. anda, SegveZlo asec gveTqva: misi meSveobiT xorcieldeba sunTqva. is, rac mSvinvierSi yalibdeba,
imas uerTdeba, rac adamianSi ukve bunebiTaa formirebuli: sxeulebrivs. adamianis
universaluri unaris, misi formirebis SesaZleblobaTa saTave ki sul sxvaganaa. es
sulieri unaria; is im samyaros mkvidria, romelic adamianis mier jerjerobiT cnobierad ver ganicdeba _ sulis samyarosi. es samyaro yvela adamianisTvis saerToa da
cnobier samyaroSi misi gamovlinebaa is, rom adamians, Tavisi ganzraxvis Sesabamisad,
sxva adamianebTan komunikacia SeuZlia da is, rom cnobier samyaros yvelasTvis saerTo
ori elementi aqvs: azrovneba da aRqma. es elementebi agebs adamianis cnobier samyaros
da aqcevs am samyaros imad, rac is aris, ama Tu im adamianis azrovnebisa da aRqmis Sesabamisad. es yvelaferi, rogorc Zalebi, unari, aRmSeneblobiTi elementebi, ar SeiZleba im samyarodan warmodgebodes, romelic maTi meSveobiTaa agebuli, konstruirebuli, aramed sulis faruli samyarodan momdinareobs, aqedan iWreba cnobierebis
adamianiseul gancdaSi zecnobieri mSvinvieri elementebis saxiT da azrovnebisa Tu
aRqmis(Sesabamisad, warmodgenis) unarad gvecxadeba. sulieri samyaro, romlis mkvidricaa es yvelaferi, rogorc Cans, mWidrod esazRvreba cnobierebis samyaros.
is, rasac Cven yoveldRiur cnobierebas, Cveulebriv cnobierebas vuwodebT, im
asakSi ar yalibdeba, roca metyvelebasa da azrovnebas veuflebiT. is metyvelebisa
da azrovnebis meSveobiT yalibdeba, romlebic ganviTarebis am fazaSi jer kidev erTian fenomens Seadgens. adreuli asakis bavSvTan ver SevxvdebiT verc qvecnobiers _
mza, asociaciurad dakavSirebul azrovnebiT formebs, grZnobiT formebs, grZnobiT
Cvevebsa da nebelobiT Cvevebs, verc qcevis myar nimuSebs. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom bavSvi
dauwereli furcelia da mas, Tavisi warmoSobis miuxedavad, nebismieri enis Seswavla
SeuZlia, romelzedac mis garSemo laparakoben. bavSvis individualoba imiT mJRavndeba, rom is zecnobierad axdens seleqcias, arCevans akeTebs [sagnebsa Tu movlenebs]
Soris, romlebsac is awydeba. bevri ram, rasac, gareSe TvaliT, bavSvze TiTqosda unda
emoqmeda, mas ukvalod Cauvlis. is, rasac Cven beds veZaxiT, garda sxva gamovlinebebisa, garkveuli impulsebis instinqturi miRebiT da sxva impulsTa ukugdebiT vlindeba. erTi da imave ojaxis wevrebs Soris, Tundac tyupebs Soris, qcevaSi, `xasiaTSi~,
gare samyarosTan kontaqtis xasiaTSi gansxvaveba Zalian didia. es amomrCeveli Zalebi
zecnobieria, iseve rogorc specifikuri monacemebi _ `niWi~, romelic Zalian adre SeiZleba gamovlindes, magaliTad, musikaSi, maTematikaSi. qvecnobieri, cnobierebis
Cvevebi mogvianebiT yalibdeba garemos zegavleniT, magram arCevanis gakeTebis zecnobier nimuSs aqac eweva angariSi, raSic bedis Tanmotanili Canasaxis Secnoba SeiZleba.
SeiZleba iTqvas: zecnobieri, am saorientacio nimuSis CaTvliT, pirveladia. Cveulebrivi cnobiereba zecnobier unarTa aqtivobis wyalobiT yalibdeba, maSin, roca
qvecnobieri TiTqosda individualobis negativia, isaa, rac am individualobis mier
ukugdebulia da ase damaxinjebulad amis gamo Camoyalibda.
mozrdilis cnobierebaSi `qvemodan~ qvecnobieris impulsebi amoityorcneba, `zemodan~, zecnobieris sferodan, axali cnebebi Camoasxivebs _ intuiciebi. cnobierebis
cxovreba _ es is speqtaklia, sadac yvelaze ufro piraduli sayovelTaosTan, universalurTan Sereuli saxiT warmogvidgeba. Tavad azrovneba da aRqmac am ori komponentisgan Sedgeba: azrovnebaSi adamiani aqtiuria, ramdenadac is Temas gansazRvravs
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da es aqtivoba wina planze dgas, maSin, roca azrovnebis gvaroba, azrovnebis mimdinareoba Tavisi logikurobiTa da sicxadiT (evidenturobiT) zecnobieridan momdinareobs da amitom cnobierebaSi is mxolod da mxolod rogorc zRvruli gamocdileba
SeimCneva. adamianis wvlili aRqmaSi kidev ufro metad dafarulia; arada, aq saWiroa
yuradReba, cnebebi da cnebis Camoyalibebis unari, romelic aRqmis suraTs gansazRvravs. cnobierebis Semecnebas didad Seuwyobs xels is, Tuki adamiani azrovnebaSi
eZiebs im wils, romelic misi yoveldRiuri cnobierebidan ar momdinareobs, aRqmaSi
ki _ piriqiT, Tuki imis aRmoCenas Seecdeba, rasac Tavad matebs aRqmas.
SesaZloa, Tqven fiqrobT, es avtori sayovelTaod gavrcelebul mecnierul SexedulebebSi ver erkvevao. azrovneba, aRqma, warmodgena da saerTod cnobierebis cxovreba xom tvinisa da nervuli sistemis aqtivobaze daiyvanebao. xom arsebobs am aqtivobis sxvadasxva modeli, romelTa Tanaxmadac, zecnobieri anu sulieri samyaros daSveba zedmeti, mcdari amxsneli principi Tu hipoTezaao! amgvari Sexedulebebi rom,
sinamdvileSi, cnobierebis Zireuli daavadebis niSnebia, amis Sesaxeb avtors momdevno TavSi eqneba saubari.
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2.
2.1
cnobierebis daavadeba
mSvinvieri problemebis fenomeni
ras unda vumadlodeT Cveni gamokvlevis Catarebis SesaZleblobas? im faqts, rom
samSvinvelis amJamindeli instancia misi warsuliseuli elementebisgan gamijnulia
da SeuZlia maT garedan Sexedos. roca vambobT: `gamijvna~, `gamocalkeveba~, Tu `gamoyofa~, aq imTaviTve igulisxmeba, rom odesRac es gaumijnavi, ganuyofeli erTi iyo. da,
marTlac, kacobriobis ganviTarebaSi Cven SegviZlia vpovoT is faza, rodesac cnobierebaze, logikaze, azrovnebaze da ase Semdeg, saubari mxolod mciredTaTvis Tu iyo
ramdenadme gasagebi; didi umravlesoba ki am sityvebTan da cnebebTan verafers gaawyobda iseve, rogorc dRevandeli bavSvis cxovrebaSi aris iseTi periodi _ daaxloebiT 7 wlis asakamde _ roca misTvis iseTi cnebebi, romlebic cnobierebis cxovrebas
exeba, gaugebaria. mas esmis, magaliTad, ra aris `laparaki~, magram ar esmis, Tu ra aris
`metyveleba~, radgan misi azrovneba metyvelebisgan jer kidev ar aris gamoyofili, is
dedaenis sityvebiT azrovnebs. amasTanave, aseTi cnobiereba bevrad ufro cocxalia,
vidre gviandeli, magram, rogorc sizmareulad cocxali ram ganicdeba. bavSvi gancdis obieqtSi imyofeba, SigniTaa da ara mis gareT, masTan araa dapirispirebuli (msgavsi ram xdeba, rodesac mozrdili adamiani raime moulodnel movlenas awydeba da gansjis TvaliT ki ar uyurebs mas da garedan ki ar awon-dawonis, aramed _ rogorc sizmarSi _ bundovnad ganicdis mas).
dRes yoveli met-naklebad normaluri zrdasruli adamiani raRacas moiazrebs,
roca im sityvebsa da cnebebs awydeba, romlebic cnobierebas exeba. magram isic SeiZleba SevamCnioT, rom amJamindeli da warsuliseuli elementebis erTmaneTisgan gamoyofis paralelurad kidev erTi procesi mimdinareobs: mSvinvieri problemebi, ricxobrivad Tu intensivobis mxriv, rogorc kacobriobaSi, aseve calkeul individTan
sul ufro izrdeba. rogorc wesi, patara bavSvs naklebi mSvinvieri problemebi aqvs,
vidre SedarebiT mozrdils (TumcaRa dResdReobiT im SemTxvevebis ricxvi, roca
mozrdilTa garemo, am TvalsazrisiT, bavSvs wamlavs, sul ufro izrdeba). procentulad dRes `normalurTa~ Soris `nerviuli~, problematuri, gauwonasworebeli (labiluri) adamiani gacilebiT metia; `samSvinvelis eqimTa~ _ fsiqologTa Tu fsiqiatrTa _ zedamxedvelobis qveS gacilebiT bevria, vidre 100 wlis winaT, xolo 100 wlis
winaT gacilebiT meti iyo, vidre 200 wlis winaT. vinc dRevandelobas Tvals gadaavlebs, SeamCnevs, rom pacientTa Soris procentulad inteleqtualebi, qalaqis mkvidrni, akademiuri ganaTlebis mqoneni Warboben.
am dakvirvebis Sedegebi iolad asaxsneli rodia: cnobierebaze dakvirvebis SesaZleblobas raRac problemebamde ratom unda mivyavdeT. piriqiT, mosalodneli iyo, am
SesaZleblobas CvenTvis Zala moeca saimisod, rom mSvinvier problemebs gavmklavebodiT. magram mSvinvieri siZneleebi iqneb imitom warmogveqmneba, rom boZebuli
SesaZleblobebis ganxorcielebas ar vaxdenT? bunebaSic da cnobierebis cxovrebaSic
SegviZlia is kanoni SevicnoT, rom gamouyenebeli unari Tu pozitiuri SesaZleblobebi daavadebebad Tu sxva negatiur gamovlinebebad gardaiqmneba (gamouyenebeli
kbilebi zogierTi mRrRnelisTvis sikvdilis mizezadac SeiZleba iqces).
axla Cven SevecdebiT, cnobierebis daavadebis simptomebi am TvalsazrisiT ganvixiloT. aq Cven im sarwmuno mosazrebas mivyvebiT, rom individualur mSvinvier siZneleTa mravalferovnebis miRma erTi koleqtiuri daavadeba unda imalebodes, romelic _ swored misi koleqtiurobis gamo _ SeumCneveli rCeba. vinRaa misi SemmCnevi?
zogierTi fantastikuri moTxrobisa ar iyos _ im qveyanaSi, sadac sibrmave koleqtiuri, Tandayolili Tvisebaa, is naklad ar iTvleba da mas verc amCneven. da Tu am
qveyanaSi vinme Tvalxiluli ucxoeli moxvda, kargs izams, Tu Tavis `aranormalur~
unars ar gamoamJRavnebs, Torem adgilobrivi mkvidrni, keTili guliT, `umkurnaleben~ _ ifiqreben, rom mas `xilvebi~, `moCvenebebi~ awuxebs.
axla SeiZleba vinmem avtors aseTi kiTxva dausvas: Tu raime daavadeba, amgvari gagebiT, koleqtiuria, man saidanRa icis am daavadebis Sesaxeb? am kiTxvaze pasuxi mxolod wignis dasasruls SeiZleba gaices.
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2.2
Semecnebis uaryofa
cnobierebis amJamindeli donis warsuliseuli elementisgan gamoyofisas Tavad es
done ki zecnobierad gadaiqceva _ is Cven mier aRar ganicdeba, rogorc es Zvelad xdeboda _ magram, samagierod, imas, rac cnobierebis am donis velSi rCeba (naazrevs, aRqmuls, warmodgenils) ufro mkafiod, naTlad da mkveTrad `vxedavT~ am zecnobieris
poziciebidan, romelsac sakuTari Tavi gancdaSi ar eZleva. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT,
cnobierebis mier producirebis procesi araa cnobieri, ar ganicdeba; samagierod,
produqtis gancda miT ufro mkafioa. mza, usicocxlo suraTxats cocxali elementebi aRar uSlis xels da amitom is naTladaa gamokveTili. maproducirebeli elementis Tavad produqtisgan gamoyofamde cnobierebiseuli suraTxati fantaziiT metad iyo gaJRenTili. gaixseneT gviani Sua saukuneebis sagmiro Tqmulebebi, legendebi, romlebic vinme servantesisTvis ukve dasacinic ki gamxdara: goliaTebiT, drakonebiT, fantastikuri cxovelebiT, jadoqrebiT, feriebiTa da sxva zRapruli arsebebiT gadaWrelebuli aRwerilobebi mogzaurobebisa, qveynebisa da xalxebisa. yovelive es ukan Camoitova Semcnobi samSvinvelis (ase vuwodebT samSvinvelis Cven mier daxasiaTebul amJamindel struqturas) epoqam. samagierod, Cven gvaqvs SesaZlebloba imisa, rom gaviazroT Semecneba da gageba, rogorc adamianis SemoqmedebiTi aqtivobani da unari, romlebic cnobierebis Sesaxeb codnasac mogvapovebinebs. Tavad es
aqtivoba uSualod rodi ganicdeba, magram, ramdenadac Cven mier Secnobili icvleba
da misi moculoba ganuwyvetliv matulobs, Sors ar varT im daskvnisgan, rom arsebobs
raRac wyaro, raRac procesi, saidanac da romlis meSveobiTac warmodgeba cnobierebis Sinaarsebi, romlebsac Cven mkafiod ganvicdiT. sakmarisia, adamianma SegrZnebis
organoebi daixSos, SeniSnavs, rom azrovnebas masTan Tavisi wyaro aqvs, rom is procesia. adamians SeuZlia, Semecnebis process daukvirdes. es cnobierebis dRevandeli
konstelaciisTvis ueWvelad Sesaferisi ram iqneboda. magram adamiani am SesaZleblobas ar iyenebs, uars ambobs Semecnebis `danaxvaze~ mis maproducirebel arsebaSi. Semecnebas pirdapir uaryofen, realobidan gamoricxaven, rac sxvadasxva formiT SeiZleba xorcieldebodes, magram es mainc erTi da imave daavadebis simptomebia. Semecnebas Cven gamudmebiT viyenebT _ maSinac ki, roca swored rom uarvyofT mas. aba, damisaxeleT raime iseTi, rac Semecnebis Sedegi an misi Sinaarsi araa! pirdapir Tu arapirdapir _ rogorc, magaliTad, aSkara tyuilis SemTxvevaSi _ es yovelTvis SemecnebiTi
aqtivobaa.
realobidan Semecnebis gamoricxvas sami urTierTdakavSirebuli forma aqvs, romelTagan pirveli, faqtobrivad, Secdomebis saTavea. daavadebis am pirvel da ZiriTad formas Cven ukve 1.2. TavSi SevexeT: eWvis Setanas azrovnebaSi, maSin, roca es eWvi
TviT azrovnebis wyalobiTaa moazrebuli da formirebuli. cotaTi ganvrcobili da
gadamuSavebuli saxiT cnobierebis aseTi pozicia Semdegi weriliT SeiZleba gamoixatos:
`logikis mecnierebaTa profesors,
baton cino gabRenZils!
Rrmad pativcemulo kolegav,
Tavs nebas vaZlev, qalaq laylayeTis filosofiur sazogadoebaSi Tqven mier wakiTxuli ukanaskneli leqciis Taobaze ramdenime SeniSvna gamovTqva. jer erTi, azrovneba saerTod ar arsebobs, es tvinis daavadebaa. adamiani aris avtomati, manqana, maSasadame, isic ar arsebobs. mokled rom vTqvaT, me ara var da aseve _ arc Tqven. risTvisRa
kiTxulobT leqciebs? es sruliad aralogikuria. yovelgvari diskusia usargebloa,
yovelgvari saubari _ zedmeti.
kolegialuri pativiscemiT,
kritikuli filosofiis prof. hainrix metadbrZeni~
Tqven, albaT, darwmunebuli brZandebiT, rom aseTi ram mxolod am SeSlil-gadareul filosofosTa wreSi Tu SeiZleba moxdes. _ cdebiT! es Cven yvelas Zalian xSirad gvemarTeba: yovelTvis, roca Cvens Tavs rogorc determinirebul arsebebs, rogorc bunebis nayofs, memkvidreobiTobis, aRzrdisa da sxvadasxva garemoebaTa Tu
`bedis~ Sedegs, anda rogorc ujredebis erTobliobas, Sesabamisad, rogorc molekulebis grovas, ganvixilavT da SevigrZnobT; yovelTvis, roca pasuxismgeblobis Tavidan acileba gvwadia.
mimowera SeiZleboda gagrZelebuliyo. prof. gabRenZili zemoT moyvanil werilze upasuxebda: `marTals brZanebT, magram maSin Tqveni werilic xom sxva araferia, Tu
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ara ...~ prof. metadbrZeni pasuxad miswerda: `rasakvirvelia. magram maSin Tqveni es
ukanaskneli werilic xom sxva araferia, Tu ara ...~ Semdgomi mimowera advilad SegiZliaT warmoidginoT.
saqme Zalian martivadaa, roca amas utrirebuli saxiT ganvixilavT. `me ara var~;
anda: `me aq ara var~ _ gana amis Tqma SeiZleba? cxadia, ara. ratom? imis Tqma xom SeiZleba, rom `me var~; anda: `me aq var~; anda: `is aq ar aris~. yvela es winadadeba gramatikulad sworia. TavisTavad aRebuli, erTi maTganic ar Seicavs winaaRmdegobas. winaaRmdegoba winadadebaSi maSin Cndeba, Tuki gamonaTqvamis ara mxolod Sinaarss, aramed
TviT wamoTqmis [faqts], maSasadame, warmomTqmelsac gaviTvaliswinebT. rameTu,
roca vinme laparakobs da imave dros Tavis arsebobas an iq aryofnas amtkicebs, sadac
is laparakobs _ aq ukve winaaRmdegobaa. aseve: `Sen ara xar~; anda: `Sen aq ara xar~; es,
ukidures SemTxvevaSi, monologis saxiT SeiZleba iyos warmoTqmuli, roca me vinmes
veZeb da ver vpoulob, Semdeg ki CemTvis formulirebas vaZlev Sedegs; magram ar SeiZleba seriozulad miviRoT gamonaTqvami, mimarTuli im meore pirisadmi, romelic iq
ar imyofeba.
arsebobs uZvelesi logikuri gamocana*: `yvela kreteli (kunZul kretas mcxovrebi) yovelTvis ityueba~ _ ambobs erT-erTi kreteli. mokled rom vTqvaT, gamodis,
rom is ambobs: `me vtyui~. es absurduli gamonaTqvamia: Tuki kretelebi yvelani da
Tanac yovelTvis ityuebian, maSin am kretelis es gamonaTqvamic tyuili iqneba; xolo
Tu es tyuilia, maSin gamodis: kretelebi rom yovelTvis ityuebian, es marTali ar
yofila. magram Tu es asea, maSin gamodis, rom isini simarTles amboben. da Tu simarTles amboben, maSin xom unda davijeroT, rom `yvela kreteli yovelTvis ityueba~.
xolo, Tu es davijereT, maSin winaaRmdegobaSi movalT: Tu matyuaraa, simarTles rogor ityvis da Tu simarTles ambobs, matyuara rogorRa iqneba? logika, romelic Tavad gamonaTqvamebs ar iTvaliswinebs, kreteli matyuaras sindroms Tavs ver daaRwevs.
es imis aucileblobaze migviTiTebs, rom gamonaTqvamis ara mxolod Sinaarsi, aramed warmoTqmis faqtic iyos mxedvelobaSi miRebuli. Tuki ase moviqceviT, maSin mTeli rigi iseTi gamonaTqvamebisa, rogoricaa, kreteli matyuaras gamonaTqvami, SeuZlebeli gaxdeba, ver iarsebebs. amgvari gamonaTqvamebis Semdgomi magaliTia: `tvini
azrovnebs~. es mokle formula yvela im mosazrebis Semajamebelia, romelsac azrovneba bunebis procesebze dahyavs: e.i. `es procesebi tvinSi, nervul sistemaSi mimdinareobs, azrovnebis wyaro maTSia da azrovneba maTzea mizez-Sedegobrivad damokidebuli~. Cven gvsurs es mtkiceba jer wminda azrobriv doneze ganvixiloT, Semdgom ki
azrovnebis procesSi tvinis rolis ganxilvas SevudgeT.
azrovnebis dros tvinSi sxvadasxva procesebi mimdinareobs, es mravalgzis Semowmebuli realobaa. azrovnebas Tu garkveul azrovnebiT procesebs tvinis dazianebebi
rom abrkolebs, esec cnobilia. magram amis gamo tvinisa da azrovnebis urTierTdamokidebuleba rom zemoT aRniSnulis msgavsad gaviazroT, es sulac ar aris aucilebeli. modelis saxiT mevioline SegveZlo warmogvedgina Tavisi violinoTi. violinos
gareSe udidesi virtuozic ki ver SeZlebda dakvras. Tuki violino Tundac odnav
dazianebulia, es Sesrulebis xarisxs sagrZnoblad emCneva. magram aqedan gamomdinare
imis mtkiceba, rom musikas violino qmnis, uazroba iqneboda. amas arc amtkicebs vinme.
aseve, Cven mier dakvirvebuli fenomenebidan aucileblad sulac ar gamomdinareobs, rom tvinis roli imgvari modeliT warmovadginoT, romelic Sesatyvisi iqneboda Sexedulebisa: `tvini azrovnebs~. magram, Tu mainc davuSvebT, rom azrovneba
*
[mogvyavs gamocanis Tavisufali Targmani]
georg kiulevindi – normaluridan jansaRisken
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marTlac tvinidan momdinareobs, maSin gamodis, rom azrovnebis Tavi da Tavi tvinSi
mimdinare bunebrivi procesia. bunebrivi procesebi ki an determinirebuli(winaswar gansazRvruli), an SemTxveviTia (rac niSnavs, rom praqtikulad Tu principulad Cven maT mizez-Sedegobriv jaWvSi Tvals ver gavadevnebT).
magram
_ Tu azrovneba determinirebuli bunebrivi procesis Sedegia, maSin azrovnebac determinirebuli yofila. am SemTxvevaSi ki azrovnebis Tu Semecnebis (dRevandel dRes xom Semecneba yovelTvis azrovnebiTaa ganmsWvaluli) siswore-mcdarobaze saubars azri ar hqonia. determinirebuli bunebrivi procesebi ar `cdebian~, am
sityvis Tqma maTze uazrobaa. Tanac, Secdomis Sesaxeb mxolod im SemTxvevaSi SegviZlia visaubroT, Tuki am Secdomas, rogorc aseTs, aRmovaCenT; Secdomas ganzrax xom ar
vuSvebT. Cven gvinda is vakeToT, rac sworia da zogjer mogvianebiT aRmovaCenT xolme,
rom, Turme Secdoma dagviSvia. es ki Cvens SemTxvevaSi niSnavs, rom mas Semdeg, rac determinirebulma bunebrivma procesma nayofad `Secdoma~ gamoiRo _ rac ukve TavisTavad uazrobaa _ imave bunebriv process Turme am Secdomis aRmoCena da Sesworebac SesZlebia.
_ SesaniSnavia! _ warmoidgineT maTematikosi, romelic sakuTari azrovnebis produqtebs imave azrovnebis meSveobiT amowmebs _ sadme Secdoma xom ar gameparao _ swored imave azrovnebaze dayrdnobiT.
xolo
_ Tu tvinSi mimdinare procesi SemTxveviTobebs uSvebs, ese igi, Tuki is, rasac
Cven azrs vuwodebT, SemTxvevis produqtia, maSin _ Secdomis daSvebis SesaZlebloba
Tumc ki warmoiqmneba, magram axla amocana is iqneba, rom SemTxvevis `kargi~ produqtebi, ese igi, `swori~ azrebi `araswori~ azrebisgan, araazrebisgan* ganvasxvaoT. ki,
magram, ras SegviZlia daveyrdnoT am dros? Cven xom raime sxva saSualeba ar gagvaCnia,
garda isev azrovnebisa, romelic, daSvebis Tanaxmad, SemTxveviTi procesia da romlis
produqticaa is, risi Semowmebac gvsurs. arada, gamocdileba gviCvenebs, rom Cven
araazris gansxvaveba azrisgan umeteswilad SegviZlia da gansxvavebis es procesi
ara raRac azrovnebismiRmieri masStabiT xorcieldeba, aramed wminda azrovnebiseulad, imaze dayrdnobiT, rasac sicxade hqvia, im grZnobis moxmobiT, romelic
gveubneba: `es aSkaraa~*. Rirs, Cveni goneba im garemoebasac mivapyroT, rom ara mxolod
azrobrivi Secdomis povna da gasworebaa SesaZlebeli, aramed, roca azrovnebis
determinirebulobaze (winaswargansazRvrulobaze) an mis damokidebul xasiaTzea
saubari, am determinirebulobis Tu damokidebuli xasiaTis aRmoCena xom unda
moxdes! ismis kiTxva: vis mier an risi meSveobiT? Tuki sistemaSi yvelaferi, yvela
procesi determinirebulia, anda, Tuki cnobiereba aparatzea kauzalurad damokidebuli, am damokidebeli xasiaTis, am determinirebulobis aRsaqmelad sxva instancia,
gadmosaxedi aRar rCeba. kauzalurad determinirebul sistemas arc sakuTari determinirebulobis aRqma SeuZlia da arc raimesi saerTod: is swored determinirebulad moqmedebs _ reagirebs, kauzalur faqtorebs sruliad daqvemdebarebuli. es
kauzaluri faqtorebi am SemTxvevaSi _ azrovnebisas an aRqmisas _ fiziologiuri procesebis, kerZod, tvinSi mimdinare fiziologiuri procesebis identuria. fiqroben,
rom cnobiereba igive araa, rac tvinis es fizikur-qimiuri procesebi, magram mTlianad maTzea damokidebuli, maTi gamoZaxilia Tu raRac amgvari. cnobierebam TavisTavad tvinSi mimdinare procesebis Taobaze araferi icis, es procesebi garedan (anatomiurad da ase Semdeg) unda iyos gamokvleuli anda aparatebiT _ encefalog*
[ix. SeniSvna gv. 12]
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rafebiT _ dadgenili, isev garedan. Tavad azrovneba aranairad amJRavnebs, rom mas
raime kavSiri aqvs TavTan, iseve, rogorc arc mxedveloba miuTiTebs uSualod Tavis
aparatze. ase rom, azrovnebis damokidebuli xasiaTi garedan unda dadgindes (Tavad
moazrovne amis Taobaze verafers ityoda) mayureblis mier, romelsac unda daenaxa
ara marto is, rac garkveuli azrobrivi msvlelobisas tvinSi xorcieldeba, aramed
isic, rom mocemuli azrobrivi msvleloba tvinis mieraa ganpirobebuli (vTqvaT, koncertis msmeneli raRacnairad im ideamde rom misuliyo, TiTqos meviolinis marjvena
mklavs xemi amoZravebs).
yvelam viciT is sxvaoba, romelic Tavs iCens samyaros aRqmaSi imis mixedviT, janmrTelia adamiani Tu, vTqvaT, kuWi stkiva. es codna TiTqos imis dasturia, rom cnobiereba sxeulis mdgomareobazea damokidebuli. aseTi damokidebuli, daqvemdebarebuli mdgomareoba sruli rom yofiliyo, ese igi, cnobiereba mTlianad kuWis mdgomareobas rom mihyvebodes, maSin am daqvemdebarebulobis SemCneva sruliad SeuZlebeli iqneboda. misi aRmoCena swored imis wyalobiT xorcieldeba, rom cnobiereba
srulad daqvemdebarebuli araa. mas SeuZlia orive mdgomareobas _ janmrTelobisas da avadmyofobisas _ daakvirdes da maTi Sedarebis meSveobiT daadginos es daqvemdebarebuloba, romelic, cxadia, absoluturi araa. am debulebis sawinaaRmdego
mtkiceba mxolod im SemTxvevaSia SesaZlebeli, Tuki damdgeni instancia, dadgenis
aqti ar miiReba mxedvelobaSi da ai, Cven winaSe kvlav cnobierebis daavadebis Zireuli simptomia.
Cven bunebriv, nervul, fizikur Tu qimiur procesebze garkveuli codna mogvepoveba da maT Sesaxeb saubari SegviZlia, vinaidan cnobiereba maT Seimecnebs. bunebis
procesebs sakuTari Tavisa da erTimeoris Semecneba ki ar ZaluZs, aramed mxolod
erTimeoreze zemoqmedeba, erTmaneTis arekvla _ arapirdapir an transformaciulad.
yovelive es Semecneba, `xedva~ an azrovneba ki ar aris, aramed, didi-didi, cnobierebis procesTa garegani mxare, Tanmxlebi movlenebi, an gacnobierebisTvis saWiro
fizikuri procesebia, iseve, rogorc violinoSi da violinoze mimdinare procesebi
aris saWiro, Tuki musikis mosmena gvsurs. magram, ragind rTuli, mravalmxrivi `ukukavSirebis mqone~ unda iyos fizikuri procesi, is vera da ver mibaZavs Tu asaxavs
cnobierebis Sinagan mxares, im gancdas, romelic cnobierebaSia da verc gancdad gadaiqceva. fizikuri procesi fizikur procesad rCeba, `gareT~, Tu mas cnobierebis cxovrebis poziciidan SevxedavT. am faqtis arss aseTi magaliTi gaaSuqebs.
roca drois gageba gsurT, saaTs daxedavT: is `giCvenebT~, romeli saaTia. gana
Tqvenma saaTma marTlac icis, romeli saaTia? amis mtkicebas xom aravin Seudgeba. yvelasTvis cxadia: saaTs cnobiereba ara aqvs. iseTi saaTic arsebobs, romelic, roca mis
erT-erT Rilaks TiTs davaWerT, Cumi rekviT gvamcnobs, ukanaskneli saaTis Sesrulebis Semdeg ramdeni TxuTmeti wuTi gavida, ese igi, mas SeiZleba `vkiTxoT~ da isic
`gvipasuxebs~. am saaTma Tu icis, romeli saaTia? yovel SemTxvevaSi, mesaaTeebi amaze
dasturs ar mogvcemen (da arc aravin, Tu mTlad gulubryvilo ar aris). axla gadavdgaT didi nabiji _ avawyoT `saaTi~, romelsac aseTi ram SeuZlia. me mas Tavazianad vekiTxebi: `Zvirfaso eliza (ase hqvia saaTs, is germanelia), geTayva, erTi miTxari, ra
droa? da isic dros wamebis sizustiT germanulad meubneba. metic: Cems xmas cnobs.
magaliTad, Tqven rom SeekiTxoT, is gipasuxebT: `TqvenTan me saqme ara maqvs, Tqven Cemi
meufe ar brZandebiT~. Tavad mec, Tu sakmaod Tavazianad ar vkiTxe, SeiZleba ase mipasuxos: `me Sen ver gcnob!~
miTxariT, pativcemulo mkiTxvelo, am saaTma Tu icis, romeli saaTia? am saaTs Tu
aqvs cnobiereba?.. vatyob, bevri Tqvengani Seyoymanda. magram daufiqrdiT imas, rom es
saaTi mxolod ufro rTuli meqanizmia, vidre majis saaTi. is arafers ganicdis, mas
cnobiereba ar gaaCnia, man arc is icis, romeli saaTia, miuxedavad imisa, rom amis `Tqma~
SeuZlia. metyvelebs Tu ara es saaTi? am sakiTxs jerjerobiT Riad vtovebT _ im mkiTxgeorg kiulevindi – normaluridan jansaRisken
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velTaTvis, visac masze pasuxis gacema ar SeuZlia. es saaTi garegnulad baZavs adamianis cnobierebas, vinaidan is adamianis cnobierebam aago da daaprograma, ese igi, meqanizmi iseTnairad aawyo, rom mas sasurveli saxiT emuSava (da Tu is Tavidan bolomde
avtomaturad aiwyo, saaTis awyobis da muSaobis meqanizmi am SemTxvevaSic xom adamianis cnobierebam dagegma da daaprograma) da miuxedvad imisa, rom raRac meqanizmi, aparati saWiroa cnobierebisTvis, cnobiereba aparatisgan ver Seiqmneba, Tundac aseTi
rTuli aparatis agebis gziT. bolos da bolos xom unda gavTavisufldeT im crurwmenisgan, rom fizikur process, garda fizikuri procesisa, kidev sxva risame gamowvevac SeuZlia da agreTve im crurwmenisgan, rom romelime aparatSi _ oRond iseTSi,
romelic sakmaod rTuli iqneba _ erT mSvenier dRes cnobiereba ise gaiRviZebs, rom
manqana uceb sakuTari nebiT gamogvelaparakeba. gacnobierebisTvis rom kidev sxva ram
aris saWiro, es xom `iq armyofi~ anu `ocnebaSi wasuli~ bavSvis magaliTze ukve ganvixileT. Tu bavSvs an mozrdils TiTi anTebuli sanTlis siaxloves mouxvda, xels ukan
gaswevs. esaa procesi, romelsac SemgrZnobi cnobiereba marTavs. igive procesi advilad SesaZlebelia producirdes rogorc meqanikuri movlena, Tu raime meqanizmSi
`mgrZnobiare organod~ Cveulebriv bimetals gamoviyenebT, romelic siTboSi formas
icvlis. dRes msgavs `TbogrZnobebs~, rogorc usafrTxoebis elementebs, gazis nebismier mowyobilobaSi vnaxavT: Tu cecxli Camqralia, maSin isini siTbos ar `grZnoben~
da gazis wyaros `ketaven~. SeigrZnobs Tu ara es mowyobiloba siTbos? icis man, rom
Tbila? am mowyobilobebSi fizikuri procesi mimdinareobs. amis gacnobiereba mowyobilobas ar SeuZlia. tvinSic fizikuri procesi mimdinareobs. es procesi, calke aRebuli, xsenebul mowyobilobaSi mimdinare procesis analogiuria da mas, calke aRebuls, iseve naklebad SeiZleba cnobiereba ewodos, rogorc gazis usafrTxoebis elementebSi mimdinare process. xolo vinc samSvinvels, cnobierebas aseTive, oRond ufro rTul meqanizmad ganixilavs, mas gansxvaveba ar surs dainaxos. misTvis yvela saTaguri cocxalia da cnobiereba aqvs, anu `mSvinvieria~ _ Tagvs amCnevs da iWers.
Semdgomi sakiTxia, romeli procesia pirveladi: fizikuri procesi Tu cnobierebaSi mimdinare? baton doqtor tvinamxdelaSvils surs damimtkicos, rom Cems azrebze pasuxismgebeli Cemi tvinia. igi Tavze encefalografis eleqtrodebs mimagrebs da
ganzraxuli aqvs, miCvenos, ra signalebs, talRis ranair formebs Caiwers aparati imis
mixedviT, me vazrovneb, vfantaziorob Tu vocnebob. me skamze vjdebi; yvelaferi mzadaa. da ai, uceb tvinamxdelaSvili meubneba: `Zvirfaso batono kiulevind, aba, axla
gamravlebis tabulaze ifiqreT!~ mowyaleo mkiTxvelo, gaigoneT, ra miTxra? is me
mTxovs, rom gamravlebis tabulaze me vifiqro! Tanac ra Tavazianad mTxovs! magram yvelafris gamomwvevi Tuki Cemi tvinia, maS, raRa me mommarTavs, me ra SuaSi var?! mimarTos Cems tvins! me ra, Cems tvins es Txovna unda gadavce, Tu ra? rogorc Cans, doqtori
raRac amismagvars elis Cemgan. magram, maSin gamodis, rom aq me mainc raRac mniSvnelovan rols vasruleb! ahaa, me xom SemiZlia doqtori gavabaiburo _ is xom Cems xelSia! gamravlebis tabulaze fiqris magivrad me xom SemiZlia, raime deteqtivi gavixseno anda opera `boris godunovi~; an kidev ubralod gavifiqro (nacvlad gamravlebis tabulisa): `ai, axla ki giCveneb me Sen seirs!~ anda romelime adgilis citirebas Sevudge `maqsi da moricidan~; magram SemiZlia misi Txovnac Sevasrulo, ise Tavazianad, mokrZalebulad mTxova. es mTlianad Cemzea damokidebuli! gesmiT? savsebiT
Cemzea damokidebuli isic, raze vifiqreb da isic, ras izams Cemi tvini! ai, mec gavakeTe arCevani da aparatis ekranze Cndeba talRiseburi niSnebi imis mixedviT, Tu me
ra gadavwyvite! yvela SemTxvevaSi saqmes me unda Sevudge, tvini ki momyveba, yovel
momentSi momyveba. gamravlebis tabulaze fiqrisas me xom SemiZlia gadavwyvito, rom,
ai, axla citireba daviwyo bilobos mgzavris simRerisa `beWedTa meufedan~. me ase
minda da tvinic metnaklebad memorCileba iseve, rogorc xemi da violino _ baton scerings. maS, saerTod ar arsebobs imis SesaZlebloba, rom tvini, rogorc partniori,
ganmsazRvreli iyos? Tqven warmoidgineT, ki. yovel SemTxvevaSi, es asea, roca Tavi
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mtkiva da roca asociaciebs veZlevi (kvlav ix. winasityvaoba), xolo, roca naTel
gonebaze var ... maSin tvini sakmao morCilebas avlens. da vinaidan yovel momentSi me
SemiZlia imis gadawyveta, ra vqna momdevno momentSi _ gansakuTrebiT axla, roca encefalografi da masTan dakavSirebuli mTeli es situacia maRizianebs _ savsebiT usafuZvloa imis mtkiceba, TiTqos Cems azrovnebaze pasuxismgebeli Cemi tvini iyos. vinc
unda viyo me, pasuxismgebloba Cemzea _ es ukve eqsperimentulad damtkicebuli
faqtia. batoni doqtoris momarTvac _ rac cdis msvlelobaSi Sedioda _ imas gviCvenebs, rom isic amave azrisaa, oRond man es jer ar icis. misi Txovnis gareSe xom winaswargansazRvruli araferi moxdeboda. ase rom, Cemzea damokidebuli, ra moxdeba. da
kidev erTi ram _ Cem garda aravin icis, ras vfiqrob. aravis SeuZlia, maiZulos, garkveul raimeze vifiqro. ramden inkvizitors, diqtators da maT damqaSebs umtvreviaT
Tavi iseTi saSualebis gamonaxvaze, romlis gamoyenebiTac SesaZlebeli gaxdeboda,
adamiani aeZulebinaT, gansazRvrul raRacaze efiqra, anda eTqva is, razedac fiqrobda, an is, rac icoda. magram iZulebiT adamianebi mxolod iqamde SeiZleba miiyvano,
rom is aTqmevino, risi gagonebac moZalades surs.
rom SegvZleboda, tvins uSualod davlaparakebodiT da tvini rom moqmedebdes
rogorc cnobiereba, maSin cnobiereba, rogorc aseTi, zedmeti iqneboda. sakiTxavi
darCeboda: vis eqneboda interesi tvinTan gamolaparakebisa? ra, aparatebi daiwyebdnen erTmaneTTan baass? risTvis? da Tuki azrovneba, aRqma, Semecneba mkacrad determinirebuli procesebia, maSin raRa saWiroa amaze saubari? gana SeiZleba imis imedi
viqonioT, rom diskusiiT bunebriv procesze vimoqmedebT? magaliTad, qliavis xes
imaSi Tu davarwmunebT, rom momaval wels kargi iqneba, leRvi gamoisxas! es diskusia
qliavis or xes Soris kidev ufro warmoudgenelia.
azrovneba da Semecneba rom garkveulwilad sxeulzea damokidebuli, amis dadgena
mxolod iseT Semmecnebel instancias SeuZlia, romelic Tavad damoukidebelia da
amitom am daqvemdebarebulobas, ase vTqvaT, garedan SeuZlia `Sexedos~. aseve Tavisi
determinirebulobis Sesaxeb verc adamiani isaubrebda da iazrovnebda odesme, is
marTlac mTlianad determinirebuli rom yofiliyo. is xom Tavis aseT mdgomareobas verasodes SeamCnevda da TviT cneba `determinirebulobasac~. is am cnebas qmnis
da am problemaze imitom saubrobs, rom misTvis Tavisuflebis cnebac cnobilia da
orive maTganis Sesaxeb mas mxolod imitom SeuZlia icodes, rom is nawilobriv Tavisufalia da nawilobriv _ araTavisufali. mTlianad Tavisufali an mTlianad araTavisufali arseba am problemas verasodes waawydeboda. is, vinc marTla damokidebulia vinmeze (an, vTqvaT, raime vnebaze), rogorc wesi, irwmuneba, rom Tavis qcevaSi
sruliad Tavisufalia.
sxva forma imis daviwyebisa, rom raRacas vamtkicebT, raRacas gamovTqvamT, is
Sexedulebaa, TiTqos realoba, sinamdvile Semecnebisgan sruliad damoukideblad
arsebobs da cnobiereba Tu Semecneba mxolod asaxavs (metad Tu naklebad sworad) am
sinamdviles, areklavs mas, vTqvaT, arcTu ise srulyofili sarkis msgavsad. miuxedavad imisa, es Sexeduleba sworia Tu ara, vsvamT kiTxvas: vinc sinamdviles mxolod
`arekvlis~, `asaxvis~ meSveobiT ecnoba, is xom mxolod am anareklebs da sxva arafers
icnobs. maS, saidan icis man, rom es anareklebia? Tuki vinme fiqrobs, rom samyaro,
romelic mas gancdaSi eZleva, suraTia, anareklia sinamdvilisa, romelic am asaxvisa
Tu arekvlisgan damoukideblad arsebobs, maSin am pirs arekvlis Tu asaxvis gareSec
unda SesZleboda _ TiTqosda garedan _ aRqma am sinamdvilisa, Tavad sarkisac da arekvlis procesisac: ese igi, is ara marto aseT, anareklebiT gaSualebul sinamdviles
icnobs, aramed uSualodac Sexebia sinamdviles. aseTi ki RmerTi Tu SeiZleba iyos,
magram aramc da aramc adamiani. adamiani xom mxolod Tavisi cnobierebis wyalobiT
imecnebs. da Tu es cnobiereba amreklavi, amsaxveli aparatia, maSin gamodis, adamiani
mxolod asaxul suraTebs icnobs! da Tu asea, am suraTebis garda, sxva sinamdvileze
(`romlis asaxvac xdeba~) verc ityvis rasme, radgan mas sxva misasvleli, sxva `gamtari~
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sinamdvilisken ar gaaCnia, Tu ara isev cnobiereba, romelic `mxolod amreklavi,
amsaxveli aparatia~.
aseTive winaaRmdegoba ibadeba, roca amtkiceben: `WeSmaritebasTan~ maSin gvaqvs
saqme, rodesac Cveni raRac warmodgena Tu Teoria _ ese igi, Cveni azrovneba _ sinamdviles Seesatyvisebao. magram am Sesatyvisobis dasadgenad Tu mis Sesamowmeblad saWiroa, Cven ukve vicnobdeT sinamdviles, rom Semdgom is, magaliTad, raime `Teorias~
SevadaroT. magram, Tuki adamiani sinamdviles icnobs, maS raRa aqvs gasarkvevi? maS,
raRa warmodgenebi da Teoriebi sWirdeba, an ra ras unda Seadaros Sesatyvisobis dasadgenad? TiTqos sinamdvile Zexvi iyos, Teoria ki _ misi sigrZis erTgvari Sefaseba
da axla surT, Zexvi da Teoria erTmaneTs sigrZeSi Seadaron.
adamianis udidesi problema ki swored isaa, rom man ar icis, ra aris `sinamdvile~.
es rom scodnoda, maSin gasarkvevi da sakiTxavic aRaraferi eqneboda.
magidaze yvavilis qoTani dgas. me vxedav mas. Tu mkiTxaven, ratom xedav maso,
vupasuxeb (metad-naklebad uyoymanod): `radganac is iq aris~. ki magram, saidan vici,
rom is iq aris? `vxedav~. _ maincdamainc logikurad es ar JRers. aq logika
raRacnairad moikoWlebs. skolaSi Cven gviswavlia silogizmebi _ rom adamians
daskvna am silogizmebis meSveobiT gamohyavs da axal gamonaTqvamebs maTi meSveobiT
adgens. nimuSad aRebulia petres magaliTi:
maSasadame,
1. petre adamiania.
2. adamiani mokvdavia.
3. petre mokvdavia.
pirvelsa da meores `wanamZRvrebi~ _ erTgvari `winapirobebi~ Tu `arsebuli monacemebi~ _ hqvia, mesames ki _ `daskvna~. iseTi STabeWdileba gveqmneba, TiTqos mesame,
`daskvna~, winamavali wanamZRvrebidan `gamoiyvaneba~ _ TiTqos es `daskvna~ CvenTvis imTaviTve cnobili ar unda yofiliyo, raTa `wanamZRvrebi~ sworad gamogvenaxa! sxvagvarad aba rogor SevZlebdiT, uamravi SesaZlo gamonaTqvamidan da winadadebidan arCevani gagvekeTebina? `petre~ da `adamiani~ fiqsirebulic rom yofiliyo _ rac SeuZlebelia, Tuki mesame cnobili araa _ mainc SegveZlo alalbedze, magaliTad, ase gveTqva:
1. petres ori yuri aqvs.
2. adamiani TvalTmaqcia.
maSasadame,
3. ????????????????????????
SegveZlo didxans, usaSvelod didxans gvefiqra, sanam or Sesabamis winadadebas
Tavs movuyridiT da maSin?
1. petre adamiania
2. adamians ori yuri aqvs.
3. petres ori yuri aqvs.
es iseve `marTebuli~ da mravlismTqmelia, rogorc pirveli daskvna: petre mokvdavia. yovel SemTxvevaSi, erTi ram aSkaraa: daskvnebi amgvarad aravis gamohyavs. jer
daskvna arsebobs da Sesatyvis wanamZRvrebs Semdeg pouloben. ratom SevaCereT amaze
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yuradReba? imitom, rom am magaliTze kargad Cans, adamiani ra xalisiT `iviwyebs~ imas,
rasac swored es-esaa sCadis.
Cven aRvniSneT, rom `samyarodan~ Semecnebis gamoricxvas sami forma aqvs. pirveli
formaa daviwyeba, SeumCnevloba an gauTvaliswinebloba imisa, rasac swored axla, esesaa viqmT. Cveni yuradReba mxolod gamonaTqvamis SinaarsiTaa dakavebuli _ `me vityuebi~ _ gamoTqmis aqti ki gauTvaliswinebeli gvrCeba. am gauTvaliswineblobas Semecnebis gamoricxvis meore formamde mivyavarT. Semecneba, rogorc damoukidebeli realoba, romelic warmomSobia yoveli Cveni codnisa, ugulebelyofilia da mis mier
Secnobil `nivTebze~ daiyvaneba: azrovneba tvinze, avtomatis modelze, bunebriv
procesebze da sxva amis magvarebzea dayvanili. am proceduras SegviZlia ase vuwodoT: Semecneba reducirdeba (daiyvaneba) raRac iseTze, rac araa Semecneba _ metsac vityodiT: rac araSemecnebaa da rac Semecnebis meSveobiT Seimecnes. sruliadac
ar aris advili im ideamde misvla, rom SemecnebiTi procesebi tvinis moqmedebaze unda daiyvanebodes. da dayvanas axdens(`Seicnobs~) ... igive Semecneba, romelsac amgvarad dahyavs sakuTari Tavi tvinis procesebze. rom aRaraferi vTqvaT sworisa da arasworis sakiTxis Taobaze (rasac zemoT ukve SevexeT), es xom miunhauzenis ambavs hgavs!
Semecnebis bunebis procesze dayvana realobas rom Seesatyvisebodes, aRaravin
iqneboda iseTi, vinc SeZlebda, am Teoriis siswore Seefasebina. am Teorias veravin
uaryofda da aseve veravin daamtkicebda. ase rom, is saerTod ver iqneboda Teoria.
Semecnebis, rogorc damoukidebeli realobis, uaryofiT uaryofilia subieqtic
anu me, rogorc arseba. gamodis, rom Cven varT rTulad mowyobili avtomatebi da es
avtomatebi axla irwmunebian, Cven avtomatebi varTo. magram, vinaidan isini mxolod
da mxolod avtomatebi arian, gaugebaria, es avtomatebi aseT ideamde rogor mividnen. am ideamde misvlisTvis xom araavtomatis idea unda wamoWriliyo. raime kanonzomierebis Sesacnobad da Camosayalibeblad, sul mcire, erTi gamonaklisis arseboba
mainc aris saWiro, ambobs b.l. uorfi, gonebamaxvili lingvisti (B. L. Whorf. “Sprache,
Denken, Wirklichkeit”, Reinbek 1963. b. l. uorfi `ena, azrovneba, sinamdvile~. rainbeki,
1963): `warmovidginoT, magaliTad, rom arsebobs adamianTa iseTi gvaroba, romelsac
fiziologiuri defeqtis gamo mxolod lurji feris danaxva SeuZlia. aseT adamianebs
diaxac, rom gauWirdebaT im kanonzomierebis Secnoba da formulireba, rom isini
marto `lurjs~ xedaven. termins `lurji~ maTTvis azri ar eqneboda. maT enaSi ferebis
aRmniSvneli erTi sityvac ar iqneboda. da is sityvebi, romlebiTac isini lurjis
sxvadasxva elfers aRniSnavdnen, Sesatyvisi iqneboda Cveneburi sityvebisa: muqi, Ria,
Savi, TeTri da ase Semdeg, magram ara Cveneburi sityvisa `lurji~. imisTvis, rom im
kanonzomierebas Tu normas Caswvdomodnen, rom isini mxolod lurjs xedaven, maT
xandaxan, gamonaklisis saxiT mainc, iseTi momentebic unda hqonodaT, roca sxva ferebsac dainaxavdnen. simZimis Zalis kanoni bunebaSi gamonaklisis gareSe batonobs rogorc kanonzomiereba da imis dadgenas gansakuTrebuli kvleva ar sWirdeba, rom fizikaSi sruliad gauTviTcnobierebelma adamianma am faqtis Sesaxeb araferi icis. mas
saerTod ar gauCndeba idea universumis Sesaxeb, sadac sxeulebi ise ar `iqcevian~, rogorc dedamiwis zurgze. rogorc lurji feri _ Cven mier warmosaxuli adamianebisTvis, aseve gravitaciis kanoni _ fizikaSi gaunaTlebeli kacisTvis mxolod nawilia im
sanamdvilisa, romelSic is cxovrobs da romlidanac gamoyofili, izolirebuli
araa. amitom kanonzomierebis Camoyalibeba mxolod maSin gaxda SesaZlebeli, roca
vardnil sxeulebs ufro farTo astronomiuli samyaros aspeqtSi Sexedes, sadac
sxeulebi an orbitaze moZraobs an ubralod aqeT-iqiT.
imis wyalobiT, rom Cven cnobierebis procesebs _ azrovnebas, aRqmas, warmodgenas _
cnobierad ar ganvicdiT da es procesebi zecnobieri rCeba, am procesTa Sedegebi
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Cvens TvalSi bevrad ufro realurad gamoiyureba, vidre Tavad es procesebi. amitomac gvaqvs aseTi midrekileba, rom procesebi maTive Sedegebidan gamoviyvanoT, am
Sedegebze daviyvanoT. CvenTvis rom, magaliTad, azrovneba, romelic naazrevis warmomqmnelia, iseve cnobieri yofiliyo, rogorc es naazrevi, maSin azrovnebasac aranakleb realobad miviCnevdiT da azrad ar mogvividoda, tvinSi da nervebSi gveZebna
raRac ufro xelmosaWidi, ufro myari realoba, vidre es Semecnebaa, romelic tvinsac da nervebsac Tavad aRmoaCens da kidevac miawers maT `ufro myar~ realobas. imave
midrekilebis gamo xdeba isic, rom Semecnebas mxolod amsaxvel, amreklav rols miakuTvneben xolme: `sinamdvile Semecnebis gareSec mza saxiTaa mocemulio!~ _ ki, magram, saidan vici me es? isev Semecnebis wyalobiT! Semecneba TiTqosda garedan, fanjridan iWvriteba oTaxSi, romelSic sinamdvilea. ase rom, Semecneba sadRac `gareTaa~.
ismis kiTxva: maS sadRaa Semecneba, Tuki is sinamdvilis gareTaa?
2.3
daavadebis mizezebi
mkiTxveli, albaT, axla ikiTxavs: ki, magram, rogor axerxebs adamiani, rogor axerxeben moazrovneni da filosofosebi amdeni uazrobis mofiqrebas? amis pasuxi isaa,
rom aq saqme koleqtiur daavadebas exeba. egreT wodebuli, sulierad daavadebulebic xom SeiZleba Zalian Wkvianebi, `gonebamaxvilni~ da logikurni iyvnen! am daavadebas istoriuli safuZveli aqvs. amaze, modiT, aq nu SevCerdebiT. magram es daavadeba
fsiqologiuradac SeiZleba aixsnas, rasac Cven momdevno TavSi SevecdebiT. martivad
rom vTqvaT, es axsna aseTia: Tu me, subieqti uaryofilia, rasakvirvelia, Tavad mes,
subieqtis mier, maSin adamiani pasuxs araferze agebs. es friad macdunebeli viTarebaa: ubralod, adamianis Tavs raRac `xdeba~. adamiani xom Tavisufali araa, anu, sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, raimes wamowyeba mas ar xelewifeba; mas ar ZaluZs, raime axali daiwyos, miT umetes, rom igi sulac ar aris igi, ar aris arseba. am fenomenis racionaluri axsna aseTi iqneboda. da rogorc racionaluri Teoriebis umravlesoba, es axsnac arasrulyofilia, rameTu yvela `raimeze damyvani~ axsna-ganmartebisas (`azrovneba sxva araferia, Tu ara ...~) adgili aqvs erTgvar miswrafebas, midrekilebas, romelsac Ziri racionalurSi ki ar udgas, aramed SegrZnebis sferoSi. xom unda iyos samSvinvelSi imis aRmZvreli mizezi, rom amdeni ram gamoiTqmis yovelgvari logikis sawinaaRmdegod?
meore mxriv, Cven vnaxeT, rom swored is instancia _ azrovneba, Semecneba _ aris
daavadebuli, romlis SesaZleblobis farglebSic Sedis daavadebis SemCneva. cnobierebis yvela daavadeba Tavad cnobierebasve ugmanavs gzas. rac ufro met uazrobas
`vfiqrobT~ _ gvgonia, rom vfiqrobT _ cnobiereba miT ufro metad avaddeba. SeumCnevlad darCenili mouazrebadi, viTomda moazrebuli CanarTebi cnobierebaSi
Tavisi gaumWvirvalobiT azrovnebas uSlis xels, rogorc, magaliTad, garkveuli saxis
CanarTebi aZnelebs siTxeTa cirkulacias organizmSi. roca warmodgenebi, Sexedulebebi naTlad araa gaazrebuli, mTlad cnobierad, Segnebulad araa Camoyalibebuli,
maSin daavadebis masStabebi izrdeba.
Cven aRvwereT erT-erTi damaxasiaTebeli `azrobrivi Secdoma~ da Tvali gavadevneT mis mier gamowveul Sedegebs, ramdenadac isini azrovnebis sferoSi iCens Tavs.
marTebulia kiTxva: es Sedegebi erTaderTia? CvenTvis xom kidev mravali sxva mSvinvieri darRvevaa cnobili, romelsac aq aRwerilTan TiTqos araviTari kavSiri ara aqvs.
azrovnebis daavadeba samSvinvels arTmevs im unars, rom man sworad ganWvritos
Tavisi mdgomareoba: azrovneba xom dRevandeli adamianisTvis `Tvalia samSvinvelisa~,
ese igi, cnobierebis yvelaze naTeli funqciaa. Cven xom davinaxeT, azrovnebis meSveobiT samSvinvelis sxva funqciebis mimarT orientireba rogor SeiZleba. azrovneba
Tu daavadda, dRevandeli adamiani Tavis orientacias kargavs. es ki niSnavs, rom masze
SeiZleba gaurkvevelma, ukontrolo, dakvirvebas dauqvemdebarebelma impulsebma
imoqmedos da misi mamoZravebeli gaxdes (am daavadebis wyaros momdevno TavSi gavecnobiT). amitomaa azrovnebis daavadeba esoden mZime. aRweril simptomebSi mTeli rigi
iseTi motivebis aRmoCena SeiZleba, romlebsac dReisTvis sayovelTaod gavrcelebuli `msoflmxedveloba~ Seicavs. magram es mxolod erTi Tvalsazrisia. mSvinviersulieri cxovrebis zogadi kanonzomiereba aseTia: adamianis mier gamouyenebeli SesaZleblobebi daavadebis simptomebad yalibdeba, daavadebebad, negatiur Zalebad
iqceva. es fenomeni ufro Rrmad momdevno TavSi ganixileba. aq Cven sakiTxTa kidev erT
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centralur kompleqss ganvixilavT rogorc araswori ganviTarebis magaliTs, romelic cnobierebis daavadebam moitana.
adre adamiani icnobda Tavis Tavs, rogorc qmnilebas da man es ara Tavisi azrovnebis, aramed Tandayolili bunebrivi sibrZnis wyalobiT, e.i. sizmareuli cnobierebiT icoda, rom igi mSvinvier-sulieri arsebaa. cnobierebis daavadebis epoqaSi, romelSic me-arsebis yofiereba uaryofilia, romelSic is garedan dakvirvebad bunebriv procesebze daiyvaneba, adamianis mier Tavisi yofierebis SegrZneba aramyari xdeba: `igi (adamiani) xom araferia, Tu ara...~ adamiani Tavis azrovnebaSi rac ufro keTilsindisieria, raRacnairad miT ufro metad usxlteba xelidan sakuTari arseba,
radganac azrovneba mas sruliad sxva rasme eubneba, vidre igi sakuTari Tavis Sesaxeb
saerTod SeigrZnobs. vinaidan igi azrovnebas mis `amJamindel~ procesSi ar ganicdis,
amitom mas arc imis gancda aqvs, azrovnebis procesSi vin aris moazrovne da sakuTar
arsebas iq eZebs, sadac misTvis cnobierebis mxolod mkveTri, konturirebuli [mkafio]
Sinaarsebi moiZebneba, ese igi, sakuTari samSvinvelis warsulSi _ naazrevSi, aRqmulSi, warmodgenilSi, asaxul (areklil) warsuliseul cnobierebaSi. sakuTari arsebis
suraTi ki, rogorc ukve warsuli [Cavlili] ram, iseve naklebadaa realuri, rogorc
yoveli sxva suraTi am cnobierebaSi. amitom adamiani iZulebulia, sul mudam xelaxla darwmundes sakuTar arsebobaSi, iZulebulia, eZios damamtkicebeli sabuTebi,
sayrdeni wertilebi, raTa SeigrZnos, rom is aris. am dros igi marTlac emsgavseba
Zenis mimdevar mowafes, romelic Tavis moZRvars ekiTxeba budas bunebis Sesaxeb (Cven
ki Cveni WeSmariti me-arsebis Sesaxeb vsvamT kiTxvas) da aseT pasuxs iRebs: `igi eZebs
xars, romelzedac zis~.
axla egoisturobis fesvebs mivadeqiT. vinaidan adamiani cocxlad, realurad, amJamindelobaSi ver ganicdis Tavis Tavs, rogorc WeSmaritebis maZiebels, moazrovnes,
rogorc imas, vinc am sferoSi garkveul gamocdilebas povebs, amitom mas sWirdeba
qoneba, warmateba, TviTdamkvidreba _ dasturi imisa, rom is marTla aris. nacvlad
imisa, rom Tavis Tavs ganicdides rogorc moazrovnes, rac misTvis SeuZlebeli sulac araa, mas surs `gareT gamovleniliT~, rogorc sabuTiT, darwmundes sakuTar
arsebobaSi, rasac igi TviTSegrZnebis midrekilebamde mihyavs. sakuTari Tavis SegrZneba ki mas mxolod raimes saSualebiT ZaluZs: yovelive imis meSveobiT, rac mas
amisTvis emsaxureba, rac `saWiro~ da `mniSvnelovania~ imisTvis, rasacaa igi CabRauWebuli _ sxva adamianTa Tu sxva adamianis CaTvliT. da esaa sxva adamianisadmi misi
damokidebulebis ganmsazRvreli. Tanamdeboba, Zalaufleba, fuli, aRiareba da ase
Semdeg, misTvis im samyaros qmnis, romelzedac damokidebuli xdeba. igi mudam
TviTdamkvidrebis mcdelobaSi unda iyos, Tavis arsebobaSi rom darwmundes.
samSvinvelis daavadeba zemoT, samSvinvelis im unarSi iwyeba, romelic yvelaze
metadaa mosili sicxadiTa da sinaTliT. dRes adamianze rac ki `mecnieruli Sexedulebebi~ arsebobs, umeteswilad isini ukve cnobierebis daavadebiTaa ganpirobebuli:
adamiani _ rogorc kompiuteri; adamiani _ rogorc cxovelTa fizikuri STamomavali;
ena _ rogorc programirebis Sedegi da ase Semdeg. jer aravis unaxavs `aRmavali xaziT
ganviTareba~, `pozitiuri~ mutacia, miT umetes, mTeli rigi jaWvuri mutaciebisa
pozitiuri SedegebiT. adamianma rom Tavisi xelebiT, romlebic, mogexsenebaT, arc
brWyalebia da arc Cliqebi, raime gaawyos, imavdroulad tvinic unda hqondes Sesabamisad ganviTarebuli da _ piriqiT. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi `arsebobisTvis brZolaSi~
orive maTgani mxolod dabrkoleba iqneboda. ena rom programirebis Sedegad vaRiaroT, amisTvis unda davuSvaT, rom kidev sxva `ena~ arsebobs, romliTac es daprogrameba xdeba.
es `miTebia~, oRond saxifaTo `miTebi~, romlebsac cxovrebaSi ganxorcielebis
tendencia aqvs. `tvini azrovnebs~ _ es maSin xorcieldeba, roca adamiani, azrovnebis
nacvlad, asociaciebs mihyveba da Tanac amas azrovnebas uwodebs. dezorientaciis
gamo, romelic cnobierebis procesebSi TviTgamocdilebis naklebobiTaa gamowveuli,
adamiani imaze ufro metad eyrdnoba TviTSegrZnebas, vidre es saWiroa da dReniadag
am TviTSegrZnebis ZiebaSia. is iseTi grZnobiTi cxovrebis kultivirebas axdens, romelic avadmyofuria, radganac egiosturobiTaa marTuli. Cveulebrivi grZnoba verafers `grZnobs~, is Tvals ki ara hgavs, aramed avadmyof Tvals, romelic nacvlad imisa,
rom gareT ixedebodes, sakuTar Tavs SeigrZnobs; mas sakuTari Tavi eqaveba, sakuTar
Tavs isress, stkiva. iqneb es grZnoba daavadebuli mgrZnobelobaa? es grZnoba xom mxolod Tavis Tavs grZnobs. Seryeuli me-SegrZnebis gamo ki nebelobiTi cxovrebac sul
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ufro da ufro sustdeba. kacma rom Tqvas, viRas unda nebavdes aq raime, gansakuTrebiT, Tuki darwmunebuli varT, rom yvelaferi determinirebulia? maS, raRaa saerTod `neba~? risi maqnisia is?
mecniereba samSvinvelis arsis mimarT srul pasiurobas iCens. adamiani rom egoisturi arsebaa, didi xania cnobilia, Tumca adre amis rcxvenodaT. am movlenas uyurebdnen rogorc avadmyofobas, rogorc moralur defeqts da rogorc wesi, pirvelcodvidan gamohyavdaT is! dRes Cven Cveni egoizmiT vamayobT; sadRac `sacro egoismo~-c* ki
gamigonia. mecnierebaSi damkvidrebulia Sexeduleba, rom adamiani warmoSobiTve,
`bunebiT~ egoistia da yvelaferi danarCeni ki _ yvelanairi moraluri norma _ misi
ZirSive asocialuri, `boroti~ bunebis moTokviT miRweuli Sedegi. magram aq
avadmyofobis swori diagnozi da janmrTelobis norma erTmaneTSi erevaT. Tuki mTeli
msoflio gripiT avadmyofTa lazareTia da eqimebsac gripi sWirT, maSin avadmyofebad
isini gamocxaddebian, vinc imaT gankurnvas Seecdeba, vinc ar axvelebs, visac arc sicxe
aqvs da arc surdo. ase, magaliTad, marqsma samarTlianad aRniSna, rom misi drois istoria da politika, pirvel rigSi, saxelmwifoTa da sazogadoebriv klasTa sameurneo
interesebiT iyo marTuli _ es avadmyofobis swori diagnozia. magram is, rogorc
eqimi, valdebuli iyo, eTqva: es asea, magram ase ar unda gagrZeldes. man ki miiRo avadmyofoba, rogorc raRac jerovani, radgan TviTonve ukve igive daavadeba sWirda,
oRond, misi azriT, es avadmyofoba sxva klasis samsaxurSi unda CaeyenebinaT, vidre es
mis dros iyo.
mecniereba, saqme saqmeze rom midges, yvelafers gaamarTlebs. magaliTad, ratomRac oTxiT siaruli rom Semovides modaSi, fizika, statika da orTopedia, darwmunebuli brZandebodeT, amas maSinve miesalmeba, rogorc did progress. raRa Tqma unda,
ase gacilebiT metia stabiluroba, vidre maSin, roca ase saeWvod vdgavarT am or raRacnair wvril da grZel fexze.
eqimebic dainaxavdnen amaSi raRac dadebiTs, Tundac keTilismyofel gavlenas
saWmlis monelebasa da Tavis sisxliT momaragebis procesze; fsiqologebi _ lozungiT
`ukan, bunebisken!~ _ socialuri cxovrebisTvis fantastikur dadebiT mxareebs aRmoaCendnen. adamianTa Soris simaRleSi gansxvaveba gacilebiT naklebad TvalSi sacemi
iqneboda. amitom arasrulfasovnebis gancdamde gacilebiT ufro iSviaTad mividodiT da kompensaciisken swrafvac naklebi iqneboda... meurneobis eqspertebi umal
mTel rig sasargeblo Sedegebs dainaxavdnen. saWiro gaxdeboda xelebisTvis raime fexsacmlismagvaris gamogoneba, axali yaidis tansacmlis warmoeba da gasaReba; gaCndeboda axali moda, axali tipis aveji. ...xedavT, ra stimulebia meurneobis zrdisTvis? axali filmebi, axali speqtaklebi, axali kafeebi da Ramis barebi!
yvelas unda hqondes warmatebis gancda da araviTari frustracia! ... _ Tqven ra,
marTla ggoniaT, rom mudam ase iyo, rom adamianebi iRupebodnen imis gamo, Tuki raime
cxovrebaSi ar gamouvidodaT?! Zlieri survilis miuxedavad, dantem politikuri karieris gakeTeba ver SeZlo. amitomac gvaqvs dRes xelT `Divina Comedia~*, romelic,
winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, namdvilad ver daiwereboda, magaliTad, im SemTxvevaSi, dante florenciis burgomistri rom gamxdariyo. cxadia, diagnozi aqac sworia: `unda~
gvqondes warmatebis gancda! magram, Tuki fsiqologia amas normad ki ara, avadmyofobad aRiarebs, iqneb SesaZlebeli gamxdariyo gamojanmrTeleba da warmatebaze nadi*
[`sacro egoismo~ _ `sakraluri(wmindaTawminda) egoizmi~(laT.)]
*
[`Divina Comedia~ _ `RvTaebrivi komedia~(laT.)]
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robisTvis Tavis danebeba. magram amisTvis swored isaa saWiro, rom amgvar gatacebebs
ar vuyurebdeT rogorc raRac normalurs.
avadmyofobis diagnozi roca janmrTelobis normad iqceva, maSin aRzrda, adamianTa
urTierTobebi, maTi urTierTdamokidebuleba da qceva diagnozis Sesabamisad ganisazRvreba. Tuki egoisturoba adamianis bunebisTvis normaluri ram aris, maSin Cven
xom egoistebi unda aRvzardoT _ da aki viqmT kidec amas bejiTad, didi mondomebiT.
da Tu vinme saamisod sakmaris midrekilebas ar iCens _ ese igi, is `samkurnaloa~. daavadebis saTave piradulis farglebSi ki araa, aramed azrovnebaSi, adamianTa saerTo
komunikaciur bunebaSi da mSvinvieri cxovrebis morRveulobis ufro individualuri simptomebic aqedan momdinareobs. uazrobis `moazreba~ uazrobasve warmoSobs. Tavdapirvelad zecnobieri unaris gamouyeneblobiT warmoSobili es daavadeba koleqtiur da swored amitom Znelad SesamCnev qvecnobiers warmoqmnis, romelic koleqtiuri, advilad gadamdebi `inspiraciebis~ meoxebiT msoflios eufleba
da dRes samyaros xdomilobebzea gabatonebuli.
cnobierebis amJamindeli elementis warsuliseulisgan gamoyofis wyalobiT, rac
dRes ukve xorcieldeba, adamianisTvis SesaZlebeli gaxda, ganixilos Semecneba da gageba rogorc amJamindeli procesebi da TandaTanobiT kidec Semoitanos isini Tavisi
gamocdilebis sferoSi. magram ra xdeba amis nacvlad? Semecneba samyaros suraTidan
amoRebulia, radganac adamiani cnobierebis mxolod garegnuli mxaris, cnobierebis
produqtebisa da sakuTari qcevis ganxilviT kmayofildeba. samSvinvelis aseTi pozicia daavadebis gamomwvevia:
a) radganac is azrovnebis Tanmimdevrulobas, mis gamWvirvalobas arRvevs, rac
Tundac imaSi Cans, iseTi TviTuarmyofeli gamoTqmebisken rom ixreba, rogoricaa, magaliTad: `me ara var~;
b) radganac igi samyaros imgvar suraTs gvTavazobs, saidanac adamiani amovardnilia; amis gamo adamians Seryeuli aqvs sakuTari arsebobis Segneba; aqedan _ egoisturoba, TviTdamkvidreba, `TviTganxorcieleba~;
g) radganac maTi wyalobiT ararealizebuli unari arajansaR, iracionalur instinqtebad gadagvardeba; mecnierebis mier gamarTlebuli es instinqtebi ki `racionalurad~ kmayofildeba da amgvarad, adamianebi cxovrebaSi gansazRvrul Zalauflebas
aRweven.
adamiani Semecnebas saerTod araviTar an, ukidures SemTxvevaSi, meorad realobad
Tvlis. es maSin, roca Semecnebis produqtebi, romlebic am `irealuri~ Semecnebis
meSveobiTaa miRebuli, realoba hgonia. cnobierebis xsenebuli ori elementis erTmaneTisgan gamijvna gvaZlevs SesaZleblobas, romelic dRes mxolod sanaxevrod xorcieldeba. adamiani warsuliseuls uyurebs da ver amCnevs, rom amJamindelobidan
uyurebs _ da rom igi uyurebs. yovelive amis Sedegi ki Tavs imaSi iCens, rom maxinjdeba mTeli mSvinvieri cxovreba, mTeli cxovreba.
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3.
mciredi fsiqologia
3.1 mSvinvieri
cxovrebis Sinagani mxare
rakiRa yvelaze naTeli mSvinvier-sulieri funqcia, romlis mixedviTac unda axdendes orientirebas dRes adamiani, daavadebulia, raRa gasakviria, rom avadmyofoba
da misi simptomebi mecnieruli Teoriebis formiTac iCens Tavs. Cven cnobieri samSvinvelis epoqaSi vcxovrobT, rodesac adamianis, sazogadoebis, samyaros cnobieri
mecnieruli wvdomis saWiroeba aSkaraa. magram saocari isaa, rom miuxedavad kvlevis
intensivobisa, romelic uzarmazari finansuri saSualebebis gamoyenebiTa da meToduri muSaobiTaa miRweuli da miuxedavad mecnierebis sayovelTaod aRiarebuli gadamwyveti mniSvnelobisa, romlis Zala da gavlenac esoden didi arasodes yofila,
buneba, sazogadoeba da adamiani imgvari dacemis gzazea, rogorc amas adre veravin warmoidgenda. amis axsna gagviWirdeba, Tu is ver davinaxeT, rom am mZlavri, ganviTarebuli mecnierebis suli da guli _ azrovneba _ daavadebulia. es yvelaze naTlad TviT
azrovnebis TeoriaSi amoikiTxeba. cnobierebis daavadebis kera swored aqaa da Semdgomi simptomebic, romlebic, aq mocemuli gagebiT, qvecnobieri warmoSobisaa, aqedanve warmodgeba. morRveulia azrovneba _ morRveulia cxovreba.
morRveuli cxovrebaa, magaliTad, roca me `Seuracxyofili~ vrCebi, ese igi, mSvinvierad Tavs Selaxulad, damcirebulad vgrZnob imis gamo, rom viRaca uxeSad an daxvewili formiT me CerCets an aramzadas miwodebs. an is sworia _ da maSin raRa safuZveli maqvs, rom Tavi Seuracxyofilad vigrZno, anda is cdeba, an kidev icis, rom usamarTlobas iCens Cem mimarT, ese igi, surs, rom Seuracxmyos. am SemTxvevaSic safuZveli ara maqvs, Tavi Seuracxyofilad vigrZno. SeiZleba isec moxdes, rom sakuTar TavSi eWvi Semeparos: iqneb suleli var? iqneb marTlac aramzada var? me, visac aqamde Cemi
Tavi Wkviani da patiosani kaci megona! magram am SemTxvevaSi me madlobeli unda viyo,
rom amjerad sababi momeca, es sakiTxi safuZvlianad gamomekvlia. yvela juris azrTa
racionaluri msvlelobis miuxedavad, Tavs mainc Seuracxyofilad rom vgrZnob, imis
maCvenebelia, ramdenad SeuZlia samSvinvelis bundovan da ukontrolo impulsebs
Cemze batonoba. Seuracxmyofelis mxrivac, ra Tqma unda, avadmyofobis simptomia is,
rom mas ganzraxuli hqonda, CemTvis mSvinvieri tkivili moeyenebina.
am Tavis amocanaa, ufro metad gaaSuqos zogierTi ram iqidan, razedac gakvriT ukve
wina TavSi iyo saubari _ rogor yalibdeba qvecnobieri warmoSobis `mgrZnobiaroba~,
mSvinvieri Cvevebi, yovelive is, rasac Cven `qvecnobiers~ vuwodebT. Semdeg TavSi SevecdebiT mivaniSnoT, ra SeuZlia adamians am tendenciebis winaaRmdeg moimoqmedos.
ukve aRvniSneT, rom cnobierebis am sayovelTao daavadebas xSirad verc fsiqologebi aRweven Tavs. es imiT vlindeba, rom isini, uwinares yovlisa, samSvinvelisa da
mSvinvieri cxovrebis garegnul mxares xedaven da aRweren. es nawilobriv ganpirobebulia dakvirvebis wesiT, romelic bunebismetyvelebidan momdinareobs, nawilobriv
ki _ introspeqciis, Sinagani xedvis, uunarobiT, `uniWobiT~ am sferoSi, rasac isini
Tavadac mSvenivrad grZnoben. rodesac Sinagani gamocdilebis SesaZlebloba kiTxvis
niSnis qveSaa, marTlacda, raRa dagvrCenia, garda imisa, rom mSvinvieri cxovrebis Sedegebs davakvirdeT mxolod da isini aRvweroT.
ki, magram, ratom aris saeWvo TviTdakvirvebis SesaZlebloba? mokled rom vTqvaT,
imitom, rom damkvirvebeli da dakvirvebis obieqti erTi da igive adamiania. yvelasTvis cnobilia, ra Znelia sakuTar grZnobiT impulsebze dakvirveba, kidev ufro Rrma
da Zlier impulsebze rom aRaraferi vTqvaT. gare damkvirveblisTvis ki _ fsiqologisTvis Tu eqimisTvis sruliad aucilebelia, dakvirvebadsa da am dakvirvebadis gagebas Soris Sinagani gamocdilebiT gasdos xidi. uSualod xom sxvis mSvinvier gancdebs ver davakvirdebiT, aramed _ mxolod maTi gamovlenis formebs; maTi sworad interpretacia ki SeiZleba (an, principSi, SesaZlebelia), magram mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki sakuTari gamocdilebidan gvecodineba, Tu ra aris, ras niSnavs isini
Tavad CvenSi, CvenTvis. fsiqologi da gare damkvirvebeli am mxriv daaxloebiT erTi
da imave siZnelis winaSe dganan: sakuTar Tavze dakvirveba maT pacientze naklebad
rodi uWirT _ magaliTad, ganrisxebis Jams (TumcaRa, SesaZloa, risxvis afeTqeba maTSi
ufro iSviaTia, an isini aseT momentebSi Tavs ukeT floben). miuxedavad amisa, fsiqologis mier pacientis gagebaSi Sinagani gamocdileba mainc monawileobs, TumcaRa mecgeorg kiulevindi – normaluridan jansaRisken
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nieruli midgomiT es gaumarTlebelia, radgan fsiqologi _ rogorc ganaTlebis miRebisas, aseve Tavis praqtikaSi _ metad savaraudoa, rom Tavisi Sinagani dakvirvebis unaris Camoyalibeba-ganviTarebisTvis bevrs arafers iRonebda. is xom TiTqmis imave
mdgomareobaSia, rogorSic yoveli adamiani: Sinagani gamocdileba misTvisac iseve
sadRac cnobierebis zRvarze arsebuli gamocdilebaa _ mkrTali, gaurkveveli, sul
odnav gulisxmayofili _ Sinagani cxovrebis produqtTa (naazrevis, aRqmulis) simkveTresTan da maTi gacnobierebis xarisxTan SedarebiT. Sinagan gamocdilebaSi Tu ra
igulisxmeba, amas magaliTiT naTelvyofT.
roca raime sityva mesmis an vkiTxulob, saqme maqvs, erTi mxriv, aRqmad niSanTan _
akustikurad an optikurad aRqmadTan, meore mxriv ki _ Sinagan aqtTan, uromlisodac
sityva CemTvis ar `sityvobs~, ese igi, uromlisodac me is ar mesmis, anda, Tuki me
dauflebuli ar var im enas, romelzedac es sityva warmoTqves, Sinagani aqtis
wyalobiT me mgonia, rom is, rac mesmis, sityvaa. sityva raRacas unda niSnavdes CemTvis,
raRacas unda meubnebodes, yovel SemTxvevaSi, imas mainc, rom is sityvaa. sxvagvarad
xom am sityvis Sesaxeb araferi mecodineboda. bavSvTan, romelic metyvelebas eufleba, gagebis Sinagani aqtia Zlierad wina planze wamoweuli. imisTvis, rom mosmenili
misTvis sityvad iqces, es Sinagani aqti unda ganxorcieldes. mozrdils es aqti
umeteswilad SeumCneveli rCeba, mxolod misi Sedegi iCens Tavs mkafiod gamokveTili
saxiT _ gagebuli sityva, an saerTod raime gagebuli. amiT iCrdileba gagebis Sinagani
gancda, romelic, rasakvirvelia, sadRac mainc arsebobs da romelic bavSvis SemTxvevaSi egzom TvalSisacemia. es fenomeni CvenTvis ukve cnobilia sxva mxridan: gageba
aris amJamindeli, uSualod awmyoSi mimdinare `procesi~ (Geistesgegenwart _ sulieri
sifxizle; sityvasityviT _ sulis amJamindeloba), sufeva sulisa, romelic adamianisTvis dRes zecnobieria. amitom Sinagani gancda odnav Tu `ganicdeba~, sustia, TiTqosda burusiTaa moculi.
asea Tu ise, sityvis, azris SemTxvevaSi Cven gagebis Sinagan aqts vaxorcielebT _
oRond misi [am aqtis] cnobierad gancdis gareSe. roca raimes, vTqvaT, teqsts vigebT, es
zecnobieri unaria iseve, rogorc metyvelebis unaria zecnobieri, rodesac arc gramatikis gamoyeneba xdeba cnobierad da arc bgeraTa warmoTqmis procesia cnobieri.
xolo, Tuki Cvens Cveulebriv grZnobiT cxovrebas ganvixilavT, sruliad sxva suraTs
wavawydebiT. grZnobebs, TumcaRa, Cven ganvicdiT rogorc amJamindels da amave dros
rogorc Cveni cnobieri nebisgan damoukidebels, isini Cveni cnobieri ganzraxvis gareSe Cndeba da qreba, magram maT rogorRac sizmriseulad ganvicdiT. Cven SesaZlebloba
ara gvaqvs, gagebis procesiT Suqi movfinoT maT, rogorc, vTqvaT, raime azrs gavaSuqebdiT. grZnobebi mxolod TavianT garegnul mxares gviCvenebs, romelic Cven gvaiZulebs, gvaiZulebs rom vigrZnoT, vigrZnoT esa Tu is mocemuli grZnoba. es grZnobebi
`SemecnebiTi~ ar gaxlavT, isini piradulia, romlebzec Cven mxolod bundovani warmodgena gvaqvs. vinaidan grZnobis Sinagani mxare CvenTvis daxSulia, amitom misi gaxsenebac uSualod SeuZlebelia. romelime grZnobis gasaxseneblad mudam raime warmodgenas mivmarTavT, mexsierebaSi uSualod romlis gamoxmobac SegviZlia da es
grZnoba romelsac metad Tu naklebad ukavSirdeba.
amiT Cveulebrivi grZnobiTi cxovreba Tavisi utyvi grZnobebiT, romlebic ganlagebulia skalaze _ `CemTvis kargidan~ `CemTvis cudamde~, warmogvidgeba rogorc qvecnobieris nawili. is asociaciaTa mimdinareobasTan amJRavnebs garkveul msgavsebas.
asociaciebi TavianTi kanonebis mixedviT midi-modis, cnobieri ganzraxvis gareSe im
subieqtisa, romelsac isini gancdaSi eZleva. roca mravali sxvadasxva `fsiqologia~
asocirebas azrovnebasTan aigivebs, es, erTi mxriv, gviCvenebs, rom isini ( `fsiqologiebi~), cnobierebis daavadebiT inficirebulni, ver amCneven gagebis Sinagan aqts,
xolo, meore mxriv, imas, rom is, rasac azrovnebas uwodeben, umeteswilad marTlac
mxolod asocirebis procesia.
rogorc pirvel TavSi gavarkvieT, neba, rogorc `naTeli~ neba, mxolod koncentrirebuli, wminda azrovnebisas ganicdeba _ ganicdeba rogorc `neba azrovnebisa~. nebelobis sferoSi amis garda arsebuli mTeli danarCeni gamocdileba kidev ufro metad
zedapirulia, vidre azrovnebis da grZnobis sferoTa gamocdileba. gamocdilebaSi
nebelobiTi aqtis mxolod Sedegi gveZleva. miuxedavad imisa, rom me Cemi neba-surviliT Zlier aqtiurad, Cemgan gamomdinare viqm, an vapireb rasme, me mainc ar vici, ras
viqm da ranairad _ ai zecnobieri unar-SesaZleblobis kidev erTi magaliTi. Cemi
`neba-survili~ SeiZleba imgvar grZnobasTanac iyos dakavSirebuli, romelic qvecnobieris sferodan momdinareobs. am SemTxvevaSi nebac `qvecnobieria~. aq saubaria ara
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aRmasrulebel nebaze, aramed im nebaze, romelic samoqmedo impulsiT msWvalavs
grZnobas. Tavad moqmedeba ki SeiZleba cnobierad iyos arCeuli, ganzraxuli, magram
zecnobieri nebis wyalobiT xorcieldebodes. sityva `qvecnobieri~ raRac Sinaarss ki
ar axasiaTebs (Sinaarsi yovelTvis cnobieria, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, mis Sesaxeb saerTod araferi gvecodineboda), aramed warmomavlobas, saTaves raime Cvevisa Tu
impulsisa, an raime grZnobisa. qvecnobieria wyaro, saidanac yovelive es momdinareobs.
vinaidan Sinagani gancda gagebisas da azrovnebisas Cven mier uyuradRebodaa datovebuli, anda SeumCneveli rCeba, modeli `adamiani _ avtomati~ sarwmunod gamoiyureba. Tumca visac ki avtomatebTan da gamomTvlel manqanebTan hqonia saqme, vera da ver
iqneba im azrisa, rom manqanas Sinagani gancdebi aqvs. magram is mosazreba ki SeiZleba wamoiWras, rom arc adamians aqvs Sinagani gancdebi. aseT SemTxvevaSi misi `mSvinvieri
cxovreba~ mxolod garedan Cans da garedan aRiwereba, misi qcevis mxridan, cnobierebis produqtTa mxridan. am mxares ki manqanamac SeiZleba mibaZos. hoda, kidevac amtkiceben, rom yvelafers adamiani swored manqaniseburad, anda mis msgavsad akeTebs. es
daskvna, nebismier SemTxvevaSi, mcdaria, magram adamianis cxovrebis did nawilTan dakavSirebiT misi uaryofa metad Znelia, radganac cxovrebis rutinuli nawili, Cvevebis nawili, SesaZloa, marTlac ise mimdinareobdes, rogorc es manqanebs axasiaTebs.
adamians rom Sinaganad risame realurad gancdis unari, rogorc aseTi, aqvs, meore
TavSi amas gakvriT ukve SevexeT. es gancda mas marTlac rom hqondes, maSin misi mSvinvieri cxovreba jansaRi iqneboda. es mSvinvieri cxovrebis gajansaRebisTvis aucilebelic kia. garegani sabuTebi imisa, `rom me var~ _ `mtkicebulebebi~, Sedegis gancda,
TviTganxorcieleba _ sabuTad mxolod vinmesTvis SeiZleba gamodges, imisTvis, vinc
am sabuTebisgan damoukideblad arsebobs. sabuTebi am subieqts ver Seqmnis, piriqiT,
subieqtis arsebobaa maTi arsebobis winapiroba.
ras niSnavs yovelive es, Tuki azrTa aseT msvlelobas fsiqologiasTan dakavSirebiT moviyvanT? es niSnavs, rom fsiqologiis sferoSi saWiro Sinagani dakvirvebis
unari imTaviTve mocemuli ar aris. me erT fsiqologiur skolasac ver davasaxelebdi,
am problemaze muSaobiT rom iyos dakavebuli. fsiqologi iZulebulia, pacientis
qcevaze, garegnul mxareze dakvirvebasTan erTad met-naklebad Sinagan dakvirvebasac
mimarTos Tavisi `niWierebis~ kvalobaze da saWiroebisda mixedviT. is problema ki, is
faqti, rom es dakvirvebis ori sruliad sxvadasxva saxea, fsiqologTa mier gacnobierebuli araa. rasTan gvaqvs saqme, es azrovnebis procesis Cven mier ukve ganxorcielebuli ganxilvis wyalobiT naTeli xdeba. azrovnebis `nafexurebi~, misi kvali tvinSi
kargad Cans, xolo TviT am `nafexurebis~ warmomqmneli, am nabijebis gadamdgmeli Tu
misi moZraoba araTu ar ganicdeba, aramed xSirad warmodgenac ki ara gvaqvs misi arsebobis Sesaxeb.
axla ki, imedi maqvs, mkiTxveli xedavs, Tuki adamians mSvinvieri problemebi awuxebs, amaSi, upirveles yovlisa, brali namdvil, amJamindelobaSi miRebul TviTgamocdilebis deficits miuZRvis. mxolod sakuTar arsebobaSi daeWvebul, daurwmunebel
arsebas SeiZleba hqondes iracionaluri SiSi. yoveli SiSi, erTi SexedviT, yvelaze
`safuZvlianic~ ki, iracionaluria. yovel SemTxvevaSi, is mxolod amZimebs subieqtis
situacias da mxolod aseTi arseba SeiZleba ganawyendes, `ganerviuldes~, anda sakuTari siZneleebisgan Tavis daRwevas imiT Seecados, rom damalos, dafaros isini. maTi `gadafarva~ SeiZleba, vTqvaT, `smiT~, TrobiT; aucileblad alkoholiT, narkotikebiT, anda garTobiT ki ara, aramed, diaxac, sayovelTaod damkvidrebuli, Tanac didad `sanaqebo~ meTodebiT, rogoricaa, magaliTad, Tanamdebobisken, fulisa da Zalauflebisken swrafva. Tu vinme Seuryevlad, mtkiced ganicdis imas, rom is arsebobs da
amrigad, imasac, rom es arseboba maradiuli da ukvdavia (rameTu is ganicdeba rogorc
sxeulisgan damoukidebeli ram) da rom masze xelis aRmarTva mxolod imas ZaluZs,
visac (an rasac) is amis saSualebas Tavad miscems, maSin is bedis yovel Semobrunebas
sxvanairad Sexvdeba, vidre im SemTxvevaSi, roca es mxolod moazrebulia mis mier,
anda roca adamiani sapirispiroSia `darwmunebuli~. maSin igi sakuTar arsebobas
ganicdis rogorc garegnul cxovrebaze, sxva adamianTa Sexedulebaze, garegan viTarebaze damokidebuls da is idea rogorRa gauCndeba, rom sicocxle mas eboZa (rom es
sicocxle mas ar Seuqmnia) imisTvis, rom sxvebs daexmaros? gacema, WeSmariti daxmarebis gaweva, msaxureba mxolod mas SeuZlia, vinc aris. adamiani ki aris mxolod
maSin, roca is Tavis arsebobas ganicdis, roca es arseboba mas gancdaSi eZleva rogorc
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gamocdileba. gavixsenoT tauleris gamonaTqvami: `mefe rom viyo da amis Sesaxeb araferi vicode, maS mefe ar vyofilvar~.
fsiqologia mxolod im gamocdilebis safuZvelze SeiZleba aigos, romelic dRevandeli adamianisTvisaa xelmisawvdomi. am gamocdilebis deficitia mizezi da aucilebeli wanamZRvari cnobierebis sayovelTao, fundamenturi daavadebisa, romelic,
Tavis mxriv, mSvinvieri problemebisa da daavadebebis farTo speqtris safuZvelia.
mxolod me-arsebis sruli realobis gancdidan gamomdinare aris SesaZlebeli, mivubrundeT qvecnobieris fenomenebs im safuZvliani imediT, rom maTi Zala ar wagvlekavs
(rac ueWvelad moxdeba, Tuki adamiani mudamdRe Tavs ukirkitebs da cdilobs,
samSvinvelSi Tavis grZnobaTa Relvasa da mZvinvarebas daakvirdes, anda lamobs,
daaSoSminos isini). aseve unayofoa iseTi miswrafebebi, rogoricaa, magaliTad, `gaxde
ukeTesi adamiani, vidre xar~ _ vin vis ebrZvis aq? da gana CvenTvis savsebiT naTelia,
ras niSnavs `ukeTesi adamiani~? amiT, rasakvirvelia, Cven im mcdelobis sawinaaRmdegod araferi gvinda vTqvaT, rom sakuTar qcevas garSemomyofTaTvis ufro asatani
da pozitiuri forma mivceT. magram garegnulad qcevis dauflebam SecdomaSi ar unda
Segviyvanos _ ar unda virwmunoT, TiTqos amiT mSvinvier realobaSic Seicvala raime.
Semdeg TavSi davinaxavT, mSvinvieri Zalebis orientireba sruliad sxvagvarad rogor
SeiZleba, vidre es `cud~ CvevebTan, vnebebTan, Tu `instinqtebTan~ ubralo `Widaobaa~. unda SevecadoT, movamZlavroT, TviTgamocdilebamde miviyvanoT adamianSi is,
rac (Tu vinc) sakmarisad Zlieria da Sansi aqvs, rom amgvar brZolas gauZlos. maSin
brZola arc ki gaimarTeba, rameTu am WeSmaritad arsebuli arsebis CvenSi yofna, misi
arseboba ukve aris triumfiT dagvirgvinebuli brZola.
3.2
qvecnobieri Cvevebis wyaro
Tuki adamiani sakuTar Sinagan mSvinvier struqturaSi cnobieris sferodan amosvliT Seecdeba gaerkves, is am sferos sazRvrebs ori mimarTulebiT SeiZleba waawydes,
rogorc es mokled pirvel TavSi ukve ganvixileT. Tavisi yvela unaris wyaroTa
mimarTulebiT is im sferos waawydeba, romelsac Cven zecnobieri vuwodeT. xolo, Tu
igi sakuTar cnobierebaze Tavis Zalas gamoscdis _ ra ZalmiZs da ra arao _ Zalian male
im sazRvars miadgeba, sadac vlindeba, rom samSvinvelSi TviTneburi Cvevebi, vnebebi,
impulsebi cnobierebis cxovrebaze zemoqmedebs da xSirad misi ganmsazRvrelic ki
xdeba. es zemoqmedebebi adamianis mier SeigrZnoba rogorc arasasurveli anda rogorc
sasurveli. es SegrZneba erTsa da imave impulsis mimarT SeiZleba icvlebodes kidec.
magram, nebismier SemTxvevaSi, cnobiereba aq iZulebulia, sakuTar Tavs uTxras: `me
uZluri var~, anda, sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT: `me ara var is, visac es nebavs~.
zedmetic kia imaze saubari, rom yvela Cveni mSvinvieri problema am sferodan momdinareobs. kidev ufro Znelia, im Semecnebas mivaRwioT, rom sawinaaRmdego saSualeba
am problemis gadasaWrelad sxva, meore mxridan unda modiodes _ zecnobieridan, Tu
adamiani Tavis Zalebs mzrunvelobiT moekideba da amgvarad Tavis cnobier cxovrebas sicocxlisa da amJamindelobis mimarTulebiT ubiZgebs, rom is SesaZleblobebisa da Zalebis mxriv gamdidrdes. es azri rom davasabuToT, modiT, qvecnobieris
Camoyalibeba da misi saTaveebi ganvixiloT.
patara bavSvs mSvinvieri Cvevebi ara aqvs, is srulebiTac araa egoisti. mes grZnoba
im xanaSi ibadeba, roca bavSvi pirvelad cdilobs, Tavis sxeulebriobas `me~ uwodos.
metyvelebisa da azrovnebis dauflebis fenomeni, erTi mxriv, bavSvis didi Tavmicemis* unars (romelic, sxvaTa Soris, SesaZlebels xdis pirvel, usityvo gagebas da romelic mogvianebiT sadRac qreba) aaSkaravebs, xolo meore mxriv, sxeulebriobisgan
metyvelebisa da gagebis am unaris damoukideblobas. sxeulebrioba memkvidreobiTia.
memkvidreobiTobas ki metyvelebisa da misi meSveobiT azrovnebis swavlasTan saerTo
araferi aqvs. nebismieri ena yvela bavSvs erTnairad advilad SeuZlia aiTvisos. waiyvaneT Stutgarteli bavSvi iaponiaSi, sanam igi laparaks iswavlides. igi iaponurs
iseve swrafad aiTvisebs, rogorc iaponeli bavSvi, Tanac yovelgvari `Svaburi aqcentis~ gareSe ilaparakebs. CamoiyvaneT zangi bavSvi zimbabvedan hamburgSi. is maSinve
hamburgulad mouqcevs, yovelgvari xorxismieri bgerebis gareSe ilaparakebs, rom*
[aq igulisxmeba: TavdaviwyebiT, mTeli arsebiT(azriT, grZnobiTa da nebiT) rom eZleva
raimes adamiani.]
georg kiulevindi – normaluridan jansaRisken
36
lebic misi `mSobliuri enisTvis~ esoden damaxasiaTebeblia. xolo, Tu enis adgmisas
bavSvis garemo orenovania, maSin is orive enas erTdroulad aiTvisebs, sxvadasxva
gramatikas erTmaneTSi ar aurevs da erTmaneTisgan sruliad gansxvavebuli JReradobis mqone bgeriT kompleqsebs sufTad warmoTqvams. es ki bevr raimeze miuTiTebs. metyveleba marto sulieri fenomeni rodia, is fiziologiur movlenaTa ricxvsac ganekuTvneba. Tavad metyvelebis organoebic xom memkvidreobiTobas eqvemdebareba, maTi
funqcionireba ki _ Turme ara. aqedan SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom Zalebi, romlebic am
funqcionirebiTa da mibaZviTaa dakavebuli, Tavisufali Zalebia. es Zalebi sxeulebriobaze mijaWvuli araa. aqedan gamomdinare, arc memkvidreobiT gadaecema da
`Cvevebi~, rogorc aseTi (magaliTad, Cveva romelime enis gamorCeulad mibaZvisa), ar
`gaaCnia~. es zecnobieri ZalebisTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli. es unariseuli Zalebia,
uformo, mxolod SesaZleblobebi formisa. roca unari formad myardeba, es mas Sesabamis daRs asvams. Tqven iciT, meore an mesame enis aTviseba SedarebiT gviandel asakSi
raoden Znelia. imitom, rom es sruliad sxva gziT miiRweva.
sulieri ganviTarebis mxriv Seferxebuli bavSvebis umetesobas srulfasovani
sxeulebrivi konstitucia aqvs da garkveul asakamde sxeulebrivad mSvenivrad viTardeba. is ki ara, zogierTebi TvalSisacemad janmrTelni, gamorCeulad Ronierni da
dauRlelni arian. metyvelebis daufleba ki maT saerTod ar SeuZliaT, an Tu SeuZliaT _ mxolod arasrulfasovnad. es gvafiqrebinebs, rom aseT SemTxvevebSi swored
Tavisufali sasicocxlo da SegrZnebiTi Zalebis ararsebobasTan an ukmarisobasTan
gvaqvs saqme.
yvela Semdgom ganviTarebuli unari _ specifikurad adamianuri unari _ metyvelebasa da azrovnebas efuZneba. molaparake da moazrovne garemos gareSe bavSvi fexze
dgomasac ki ver iswavlida. Tvlas, angariSs, abstragirebas da ase Semdeg, bavSvi mogvianebiT swavlobs, TandaTanobiT. ki, magram saidan modis saamisod Zalebi? rogor viTardeba saamiso unari? danamdvilebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom bevri ram, risi ganviTarebac mogvianebiT xdeba SesaZlebeli, adreul asakSi ver ganviTardeboda. igive
kiTxvebi ganviTarebis SedarebiT gviandeli fazebis mimarTac SeiZleba daisvas. rva
wlis bavSvs goeTes leqsebis `gageba~ an am leqsebiT `tkboba~ namdvilad gauZneldeba
_ da es ara imitom, rom codna, an gagebis inteleqtualuri unari aklia!
specifikurad adamianuri unari arc Tandayolilia (rogorc saWmlis monelebis
unaria, magaliTad, Tandayolili) da arc ubralod bunebrivi momwifebis Sedegi _
rogorc, magaliTad, STamomavlobis warmoqmnis unari. Cven am specifikur unars adamianuri garemosgan `vswavlobT~. amasTan, es `swavla~, rogorc davinaxeT,mozrdilis
SemTxvevaSi swavlas srulebiTac ar hgavs. amgvarad, swavlis ori saxe SeiZleba gamovyoT: swavlis procesi mSobliuri enis aTvisebisas da swavlis procesi _ mSobliuri
enis safuZvelze mogvianebiT ucxo enis Seswavlisas. ucxo enaze metyvelebis maRali
donis miRwevis SemTxvevaSi ki ucxo enaze metyveleba `enis grZnobis~ sferoSi
gadadis. maSin zecnobieri Zalebi, romlebic swavlis procesSi Tavidanve garkveul
rols asrulebs (met-nakleb `niWierebas~ swavlaSi swored es ganapirobebs), axal
enas, rogorc unar-SesaZleblobas, egebeba. sxva unar-SesaZleblobaTa, vTqvaT, xelosnobis, an xelovnebiseuli unaris SemTxvevaSic msgavsi ram xdeba. am unar-SesaZleblobebisTvis patara bavSvs Zalebi jer kidev ar gaaCnia (arc mSobliuri enis daufleba ZaluZs bavSvs dabadebisTanave).
meore mxriv, biologiur cxovrebaSi ganviTarebis suraTi sapirispiroa. am sferoSi bavSvi da saerTod, adamiani, rac ufro norCia, miT metad sicocxlisunariania.
zrdis Zalebi, regeneraciis Zalebi, mkurnali Zalebi fizikaluri Zalebi rodia. isini xom gamudmebiT formebs qmnis, cocxal formebs. es formebi im organizmSia `CaSenebuli~, romelsac moZraoba ZaluZs: Tanac es Tavisi SegrZnebis Sesabamisad ZaluZs _
SeuZlia ukan daixios, an daswvdes rasme da ase Semdeg. amrigad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom
zrdis Zalebs SegrZnebis instinqturi Zalebi axlavs Tan, romlebic maT marTavs. cxovelis SemTxvevaSic asea. adamianis momwifebis procesSi formis mqmneli aseTi Zalebi
adamianis `cxoveluri~, am sityvis sruli mniSvnelobiT, organizmisgan Tavisufldeba. Tumca, cxadia, es organizmi arasodes aris `cxoveluri~. dabadebisas igi imdenad
`aramzaa~, rom karga xnis ganmavlobaSi sicocxlis SesanarCuneblad daxmareba sWirdeba. samagierod, amis wyalobiT is plastikuria, garegani zemoqmedebebis meSveobiT
formirebadi. Tu igi raoden formirebadia, amas TvalsaCinod metyvelebis dauflebis procesi, Tundac metyvelebis organoebis fiziologiuri funqcioba gviCvenebs,
romlebic nebismieri enis asaTviseblad mzadaa. ucxo enaze metyvelebis SemTxvevageorg kiulevindi – normaluridan jansaRisken
37
Si am mxrivac sxva suraTia. Zalze Znelad, rom kaci mSobliuri enis bgerebs ise `gadaeCvios~, rom ucxo enaze metyvelebisas es ar gamoCndes. aq ibadeba da Sesabamisi kvleviT kidevac dasturdeba mosazreba, rom adamianis im unar-SesaZleblobebisTvis, romlebic swavliT ar moipoveba, organizmidan gamoTavisuflebuli Zalebi gamoiyeneba.
amitomaa, rom bavSvobaSi nebismieri raimis swavla SesaZlebeli rodia. am ganviTarebis TvalSisacemi sakvanZo momentebi kbilebis mocvlisa da sqesobrivi momwifebis
periodze modis, momdevno aseT momentad ki srulwlovanebis asaki SegviZlia viguloT. pirveli ori fazisTvis zrdis processa da grZnobiT cxovrebaSia TvalSisacemi
cvlilebebi damaxasiaTebeli, mesamis bolo ki ufro metad sulieri simwifis miRweviT xasiaTdeba. egreT wodebul, primitiul xalxebSi pirveli ori asakobrivi safexuris miRweva ceremoniebiT, Sesabamisi `socializaciiT~, ritualebiT aRiniSneba.
mozardis tradiciul, msoflio da sazogadoebriv wes-wyobaSi CarTva amiT xorcieldeba. egreT wodebul, civilizebul xalxebSi amas `saskolo asakis~ dadgoma da
religiuri konfirmacia* Seesatyviseba. magram SegrZnebiTi da sasicocxlo Zalebis
gaTavisuflebis procesi am pirveli sami (daaxloebiT Svidwliani) periodiT rodi
mTavrdeba. igi sikvdilamde uwyvetad grZeldeba. ubralod, gviandel asakSi ufro
metad bevri sxva ram gadafaravs da ase aSkarad ar Cans. am Svidwliani periodulobiT
ganpirobebuli mniSvnelovani punqtebis arseboba kacobriobis kulturul-istoriuli ganviTarebis msvlelobaSi metnaklebad yovelTvis cnobierdeboda. es daaxloebiT is momentebia, roca adamianis sxeulis udidesi nawili substancionalurad icvleba. gavixsenoT, 35 wlis asakSi Tavis did Tavgadasavals dante rogor iwyebs `nel
mezzo del camin di nostravita~ `cxovrebis naxevari rom ganvvle~... CvenTvis didi mniSvneloba aqvs imis codnas, rom Zalebis gaTavisuflebis procesi adamianSi _ normalur
adamianSi _ mTeli sicocxlis ganmavlobaSi mimdinareobs. cxovelTan msgavsi araferi
xdeba. misi Zalebi saxeobazea mijaWvuli da sicocxlis manZilze ar Tavi-sufldeba.
amitomaa, rom cxovelis ganviTareba bunebrivi procesia da bunebrivadve rCeba. cxovels ar ZaluZs swavla, misi gaxednaa mxolod SesaZlebeli, isic _ adreul asakSi
(Tqven, albaT, siciliT metyviT: `zogierT skolaSic gana ase ar xdeba?!~).
sxvaoba mecadineobasa da gaxednas Soris dRes marTlac aRaraa mTlad cxadi.
magram, mainc adamians mivubrundeT. aq Tavisufali Zalebi me-arsebis kuTvnilebaa.
am Zalebs `Warbi Zalebi~ SegviZlia vuwodoT, ramdenadac wmindad biologiur-instinqturi arsebisTvis es Zalebi Warbi, zedmeti iqneboda, xolo me-arsebisTvis is gamoxatulebas cocxal fizikur organizmSi povebs. aseTi TviTgamoxatvis erT-erTi saxe misTvis aris metyveleba. metyvelebaa ara marto bgeriTi metyveleba, aramed yoveli Jesti, moZraoba, mimika, Rimili, tirili, `metyveli~ dumili, gamoxedva _ yvelaferi, rac ki gamoxatvas emsaxureba. metyveleba _ aseTi farTo gagebiT _ mxolod
me-arsebebs axasiaTebs, romelTac, amrigad, samarTlianad sityvismieri arsebebi
SegviZlia vuwodoT. `metyvelebisTvis~ damaxasiaTebeli isaa, rom masze uaric SegviZlia vTqvaT. TviTgamoxatvis es forma `instinqturi~ rodia. metyveleba gaazrebisa da
Sinagani gadawyvetilebis miRebis safuZvelze SegviZlia SevwyvitoT, anda SegviZlia
saerTod ar davilaparakoT. amas iviwyeben xolme, roca cxovelebis `metyvelebaze~,
maT enazea saubari. Tavis TvisebebSi, SegrZnebebsa da instinqtebSi ukve formirebul,
mza arsebas unari ar Seswevs, raime ganzrax gamoxatos. is ki ara, ganzraxvis unari
mas saerTod ar gaaCnia da metyvelebaze anda Tavisufal Zalebze arc SeiZleba raime
pretenzia hqondes, vinaidan masSi yvelaferi SegrZnebis, reaqciisa da instinqtis winaswar mocemul formas eqvemdebareba. me-arsebas ki, romelic TviTgamoxatulebas
*
[bavSvis ritualuri miReba eklesiis mrevlis wevrad 14 wlis asakSi. es asaki religiuri
simwifis asakad aris miRebuli.]
georg kiulevindi – normaluridan jansaRisken
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swored imdenad povebs, ramdenadac is `aramzaa~, ramdenadac sakuTari qceva yovel momentSi SeuZlia gansazRvros, Tavisufali Zalebi unda hqondes da kidec unda flobdes maT.
meze orientirebuli Tavisufali Zalebi sityvismieri Zalebia. isini ara mxolod metyvelebasa da azrovnebas emsaxureba, aramed Semecnebasac, Semoqmedebas _ yvelafers, rac ki sityvis sferos ganekuTvneba. is, rasac Seimecnebs, adamians raRacas
eubneba; imiT, rasac qmnis, adamiani ambobs, gamoTqvams raRacas (Tumca, SesaZloa, mas
zogjer arc surdes Tqma imisa, rasac ambobs). ganvixiloT, pirvel rigSi, Semecneba.
pirvelsave TavSi Cven davinaxeT, rom Semecneba iseve, rogorc yvelaferi, rac sityvis sferos ganekuTvneba, iseve naklebadaa piraduli xasiaTisa, rogorc metyveleba
da azrovneba. adamianis samSvinvelSi samyaroseuli Zalebi zecnobieris meoxebiT
metyvelebs: azrovneba Tavis `gvarobaSi~, Semmecnebeli grZnoba (magaliTad, sicxadis
grZnoba), Semmecnebeli neba (romelic Cvenamde wminda azrovnebasa Tu aRqmaSi aRwevs
da romelic mimarTulia sapirispirod Cveni Cveulebrivi nebis mimarTulebisa, anu im
nebisa, romelic Cvengan momdinareobs da samyaroSi iRvreba). es samyaroseuli Zalebi
iseve naklebadaa moZalade, rogorc Cvenamde moRweuli, vTqvaT, Cven mier gagonili
sityva. man xom Cvens keTilganwyobilebaze, Cvens mimReblobaze unda gaiaros. ase rom,
Zaldataneba aq ver iqneba. adamianis gaTavisuflebuli Zalebi SemecnebiTi Zalebia,
romelTaTvisac aseTi mimRebloba, Segebebaa damaxasiaTebeli. es Zalebi imas erwymis,
imis identuri xdeba, rac adamians samyarodan SenaTis. adamiani ase Seimecnebs. magram
is yvelafers rodi Seimecnebs, rac ki mis Tvalwinaa gadaSlili. aqedan udidesi
nawili misTvis Seucnobi rCeba. vis SeuZlia TvaliT Seatyos Tesls, mas gaRvivebis
unari aqvs Tu ara. cocxalsa da mkvdars Soris xom uzarmazari realuri gansxvavebaa! am
gansxvavebas Cven ver `vxedavT~. vin ganicdis sxva _ Tundac misTvis Zalze axlobeli
adamianis _ grZnobebs? amas vin Civis, sakuTari azrovnebis procesic ki ver gangvicdia,
rac CvenSi zecnobierad xdeba da Cvens gancdaSi ar Semodis. savaraudoa, rom bunebaSic mxolod mciredi ram Tu gvesmis da vimecnebT.
warmovidginoT arseba, romelic adamianis mxolod fexsacmelebs xedavs.
es arseba fexsacmelebis yovelgvar `qcevas~ gulmodgined gaadevnebda Tvals da
aRricxavda. RamiT fexsacmelebi, ufro sworad, obieqtebi _ am arsebas xom ar ecodineboda, rom es fexsacmelebia, radganac SeuZlebelia, rom saamiso cneba hqonoda,
man xom adamianisa da misi fexebis Sesaxeb araferi icis _ maS, RamiT obieqtebi uZrav
mdgomareobaSi `arian~. diliT isini moZrobas `iwyeben~: jer viwro areze, Semdeg
`kibeebs~ `Cahyvebian~, Semdeg `manqanaSi~ `Sedian~. aq isini xangamoSvebiT mxolod mokle-mokle moZraobebs `asruleben~. mogvianebiT isini , Tanac monacvleobiT _ xan erTi
maTgania win da xan meore _ Senobisken `miemarTebian~ da ase Semdeg, saRamoobiT, zogjer SemovliTi gzebiT, kvlav sawyis punqts `ubrundebian~. dRis ganmavlobaSi ufro
Tbilebi `arian~, vidre RamiT _ rogorc Cans, es siTbo moZraobasTanaa dakavSirebuli.
xandaxan _ iSviaTad _ isini jagriss, Cvars da raRac cximovan nivTierebas `exebian~, ris
Semdegac maTi zedapiris sxivebis arekvlis optikuri unari izrdeba. aseTma arsebam am
dakvirvebebze dayrdnobiT mTeli mecnierebac ki SeiZleba daafuZnos. is gazomavs
saSualo manZils or fexsacmels Soris maTi moZraobisas, sixSires, romliTac isini
svlis dros `monacvleoben~, `nabijebis~ raodenobas. mraval SemTxvevaSi is daadgens,
rom adgili aqvs `gadaxrebs~ da wamoayenebs kidevac Sesabamis hipoTezebs am dakvirvebebis asaxsnelad. saqme SeiZleba uxilavi Zalebis daSvebamdec ki mivides, romelTa
wyalobiTac or obieqts Soris maTi moZraobisas garkveuli manZilis SenarCuneba
xdeba. rodesac obieqtebi uZrav mdgomareobaSi `arian~, es Zalebi maTze ar `zemoqmedebs~.
iseTi arsebac xom SegviZlia warmovidgonoT, romelic ara marto fexsacmelebs,
aramed fexebsac xedavs _ koWebamde... muxlebamde... kidev meti: TeZoebamde, ... mkerdamgeorg kiulevindi – normaluridan jansaRisken
39
de ... arseba, romelic Tavidan fexebamde xedavs adamians ... _ kacma rom Tqvas,
ra nawils xedavs adamiani mTliani adamianisa?
adamiani mxolod fragments Seimecnebs (`TavisTvis irCevs~) imisa, rac samyarodan
mis Tvalwin iSleba. ra mosdis sinaTlis masTan miRweul im nawils, romelsac is cnobierad ar aRiqvams? igive kiTxva sxvagvaradac SeiZleba daisvas: ra mosdis sxeulebrivi organizaciisgan gaTavisuflebul Zalebs, romlebsac adamiani SemecnebisTvis ar iyenebs? es igive kiTxvaa, radgan Sinaganisa da gareganis gansxvavebas Semecnebis
TvalsazrisiT aq mniSvneloba ara aqvs. sad aris Semecneba? is samyaroSia, is realobaa,
romelic adamianis meSveobiT aRwevs gamovlinebamde da romelic imasac gansazRvravs,
ra aris garegani da ra _ Sinagani. ase rom, erTsa da imave sakiTxs orgvarad SegviZlia
mivudgeT.
vinaidan adamiani me-arsebaa, mis gankargulebaSi Tavidanve Tavisufali, `zedmeti~, `Warbi~ Zalebia. mas, rogorc me-arsebas, Caketili, dasrulebuli forma ara
aqvs. misi ara mxolod gaxednaa SesaZlebeli, aramed _ ganswavlac, da mas Tavad ZaluZs,
sakuTari qcevis ganmsazRvreli iyos. amitomacaa, rom winaswargansazRvruli (rogorc
es cxovelis SemTxvevaSia) ar aris, sinamdvile masze ra zemoqmedebas moaxdens.
cxoveli ki Tavisi saxeobis Sesabamisad iqceva. is gare samyaroze, garemoebebze `reagirebs ~. adamiani ar reagirebs. Tuki is adamianurad iqceva _ is aRiqvams, iazrebs da gadawyvetilebas iRebs. cxovelebTan `aRqma~ (romelic adamianuri gagebiT
aRqma araa) uSualod gadadis `moqmedebaSi~ (romelic adamianuri gagebiT sulac ar
aris moqmedeba). adamians aRqmisas arsebiTad ZaluZs, iazrovnos. is iZulebuli ki ar
aris, iazrovnos, aramed SeuZlia, iazrovnos, radganac mas es Warbi Zalebi aqvs, romelTa meSveobiTac Semecneba da risame wamowyeba ZaluZs (gaixseneT encefalografTan
dakavSirebuli istoria!).
swored imitom, rom adamiani bolomde dasrulebuli, mza arseba araa, rom mas Tavisufali Zalebi aqvs, amitomac dgas igi im problemis winaSe, ra uyos Tavisufal
Zalebs, romlebic cxovrebis manZilze TandaTan matulobs, anu ras uzams mas realobis is nawili, romelsac igi cnobierad ver egebeba, ver iRebs. es problema winaT,
kacobriobis istoriis warsulSi, tradiciuli gzebiT _ kultis, religiis meSveobiT, sxvadasxva sazogadoebebSi gaerTianebiT _ iWreboda (gavixsenoT WabukTa iniciaciis ritualebi, riTac mamakacTa sazogadoebaSi maTi miReba xdeboda). Warbi Zalebi
sulac ar SeigrZnoboda rogorc sakuTari; sulac ar hqondaT iseTi SegrZneba, TiTqos TavianT azrebs TviTonve qmnidnen. agreTve, Tuki calkeul rCeulT ar miviRebT
mxedvelobaSi, ar ambobdnen, ar SeeZloT, eTqvaT: `me vfiqrob~, saerTod ar SeeZloT,
eTqvaT `me~. azrovnebiT Zalebs, SemecnebiT Zalebs rogorc zeadamianur, RvTaebriv
Zalebs SeigrZnobdnen. amitomac iyo SesaZlebeli maTi marTva `religiis~ meSveobiT,
romelic, realurad, yovelgvar gancdaSi feTqavda. es Zalebi iyo Tavad realoba
`religiisa~, romelic, cxadia, cxovrebiseuli sinamdvilis birTvs Seadgenda.
Semcnobi samSvinvelis epoqaSi, romelSiac Cven vcxovrobT, TiTqmis yvelaferi
tradiciuli, rogorc qmediTi saSualeba aRwerili problemis gadasawyvetad, ukve
dakargulia. adamiani ambobs: `me~, `me vfiqrob~. man axla sakuTari Tavisufali
Zalebis sakiTxs TviTonve unda gaarTvas Tavi, anu TviTonve unda gauwios angariSi
georg kiulevindi – normaluridan jansaRisken
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faqts samyaros im ZalTa zemoqmedebisa, romlebic mas dahnaTis da romelTa miRebac
mas cnobierad ar ZaluZs.
aq kvlav SegviZlia, analogia davinaxoT adreul epoqaTa kacobriobasa da patara
bavSvs Soris. orsave SemTxvevaSi Cvevebi, inspirirebuli Cvevebi yalibdeba: erT
SemTxvevaSi _ religiuri, sakulto, tradiciuli adaT-wesebi, sazogadoebrivi normebi, meoreSi ki _ nawilobriv msgavsi, nawilobriv ki _ garemos mier sasargeblod aRiarebuli _ wesrigis, sisufTavis, morCilebis Cvevebi. kacobriobis Tu individumis
ufro gviandel asakSi Cndeba saWiroeba axali RonisZiebebisa, im SesaZleblobaTa realizaciisTvis, romlebic axal ZalTa wyalobiT warmoCndeba. Cven davinaxeT, rom, magaliTad, amJamindelobis cnobieri gancdis didi SesaZlebloba, WeSmariti, realuri
me-gancda dRes mravalgzis ugulebelyofilia, romlis Sedegic nawilobriv ukve ganvixileT. es Sedegebi SegviZlia ase SevajamoT: me-gancdis nacvlad individualur da
Sesabamisad, kacobriobis cxovrebaSi egoisturobaa gabatonebuli.
SegviZlia me da egoisturoba, cota ar iyos, uCveulo yaidaze davaxasiaToT.
kerZod, Tuki maT erTmaneTs TavianTi intensivobis mixedviT SevadarebT, davadgenT,
rom ego aris Zalian susti me. me-gancdaSi Zliereba anu intensivoba imiT vlindeba,
rom mes SeuZlia, mieces rasme da rac ufro metad, miT ufro TavdaviwyebiT. ese igi,
me rac ufro mZlavrad, rac ufro intensiurad arsebobs, miT ufro gaunawilebelia
misi yuradReba. es me-arseba arsebobs da is statikurad ki ar arsebobs _ sulac
ara, aramed swored raimesadmi TavdaviwyebaSi arsebobs. Tqven axla, SesaZloa, aseTi
azri dagebadoT _ rom, maSasadame, me-arseba yvelaze mZlavri swored bavSvTan yofila. cnobierebis Zireuli funqciebis dauflebisas bavSvTan xom TiTqmis usazRvroa
Tavmicemis* unari. magram es WeSmaritebis mxolod naxevaria. me-arseba bavSvTan, marTalia, yvelaze naklebadaa dabinduli, ese igi, yvelaze naklebad eqvemdebareba gamfantvel zegavlenebs, romlebic mozrdilis SemTxvevaSi qvecnobieridan SemoiWreba,
magram bavSvs sakuTari Tavis gancdis unari ara aqvs, swored imis gamo, rom igi mTlianad am `TavmicemaSi~ cxovrobs. TviTgancdas adamiani mxolod cnobierebis gavarjiSebiT aRwevs(ix. Tavi 5), manamde ki man egoisturobis periodi unda gaiaros.
TviTgancda, rogorc TviTSegrZneba, egoisturobaSi isaxeba. ase rom, adamianisTvis
`SemovliTi~ gza _ egoisturobaze gavliT _ aucilebelia. saxifaTo mxolod isaa, vaiTu egoisturobidan gamosavali gza veRar ipovos. egoisturobaSi yuradReba samyarosa da organizms Sorisaa gayofili. amasTan, sakuTari organizmis gancda TviTSegrZnebis birTvs Seadgens. radganac egoisturoba susti, aCrdiliseburi me-SegrZnebaa,
romelic warsuliseul cnobierebazea mijaWvuli, amitom mas mudmivad `sabuTebi~,
`damowmebebi~ sWirdeba da swored am `sabuTebis~ gamoa cxovreba _ individumisa Tu
sazogadoebisa _ daRupvis gzaze damdgari.
garSemomyofni cdiloben, bavSvs Caunergon Cvevebi, romlebic, erTi mxriv,
gasagebi da cnobierad dasabuTebulia, vTqvaT, religiuri cnobierebis mier. meore
mxriv ki, es Cvevebi da Tvisebebi iseTia, rom maT gamo bavSvs (Tu adamians) ar unda
rcxvenodes, anda jobs, axlave davazustoT _ iseTi, rom maT gamo adamians 200 wlis winaTac ar Sercxveboda. am xnis manZilze xom Zalian bevri Cveva, romelTa gamoc uwin
adamians rcxvenoda, uaRresad salonuri gaxda da zogierTi maTganiT dRes kidec vamayobT. amaSi ki arcTu mcire wvlili `mecnierebaTa~ _ anTropologiisa da fsiqologiis _ `ganmanaTleblur~ moRvaweobas miuZRvis.
*
[ix. SeniSvna gv. 38]
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3.3
egoisturoba
me gascems, ego iRebs. ego-s damangreveli xasiaTi socialurad uSualod vlindeba. yvelas aReba, floba unda. amitomac warmoiSoba dava da omi. dRes Cven yvelani
im sazogadoebrivi sistemis msxvrevis mowmeni varT, romelic, rogorc dasavleTSi,
aseve aRmosavleTSi, egoisturobazea agebuli. sameurneo liberalizmis fanatikuri
rwmena, rom maqsimaluri ekonomikuri keTildReobisken calkeulis miswrafebas, imavdroulad, udidesi sayovelTao keTildReoba moyveba, karga xania, rac tkbili ocneba
aRmoCnda. uxeSi egoisturobis ideologia da misi Sedegic saxezea. Tavis droze marqsma ver SeZlo imis danaxva, rom individualuri egoisturobis gadalaxva klasobrivi
egoisturobiT SeuZlebelia. klasobriv egoisturobas, nacionalur egoisturobasa
Tu calkeul adamianTa egoisturobas, TiToeul maTgans mivyavarT omisken _ yvela
yvelas winaaRmdeg, anu daRupvisken (aq verafers Secvlis veranairi `contrat social~*, veranairi megobruli vizitebi da molaparakeba imaze, rom egoisturobas socialurad
pirobadadebuli SezRudvebi unda daedos. es iseve ar moxdeba, rogorc `keTilgonierebidan momdinare~ morali daedos odesme erTobliv cxovrebas safuZvlad da is
sicocxlisunariani aRmoCndes). pativmoyvareoba pativmoyvareobis wil, Suri Suris
wil, Zalauflebis neba Zalauflebis nebis wil _ gana SeiZleba aqedan warmoiSvas
raime sxva, Tu ara konfliqtebis usasrulo wyeba?
magram egoisturoba mxolod socialuri mxriv rodia damangreveli. is calkeuli
adamianis daavadebacaa. adamianis gankargulebaSia Tavisufali sityvismieri Zalebi
(adamianis mxridan jansaRi qceva iqneboda, es Zalebi, rogorc sityvismieri Zalebi,
rom gamoeyenebina, anu: jansaRi cxovreba rom udrides SemoqmedebiT cxovrebas). ise ar
gamigoT, TiTqos yvela maincdamainc poeti, moqandake an mecnieri unda iyos. SemoqmedebiTia yvela is adamiani, visac ki Tavis irgvliv siyvarulis, siTbosa da simSvidis
gamosxiveba da gamowveva SeuZlia. es, umeteswilad, yvelasTvis ucnobi, ubralo qalebi da mamakacebi _ da ara, ase vTqvaT, xelovani xalxi, ara saxelganTqmuli pirovnebebi _ arian kacobriobis WeSmariti mSvelelni. tolstoim `omsa da mSvidobaSi~
aseTi adamiani ubralo jariskacis, platon karataevis saxiT dagvixata. saxeli da
dideba SemoqmedebiTi unarisTvis xSirad zianis momtanic kia.
egoisturoba niSnavs, rom yuradReba gayofilia. yuradRebis udidesi nawili
adamianze, misi saqmianobis Sedegebsa da efeqtebzea mimarTuli da ara saqmianobaze,
saqmeze Tavad. amis tipuri simptomi sasceno cieb-cxelebaa. xelovani Tu oratori
sakuTari arsebiTaa dakavebuli (`gamomiva?~ `warmateba meqneba?~) da ara Tavad saqmiT.
amis gamo saqmec rigianad ver midis. adamiani SemoqmedebiTi mxolod maSin SeiZleba
iyos, roca igi koncentrirebulia _ Tavisufali, dauZabavi, magram koncentrirebuli. yvelaferi, rac koncentracias uSlis xels, is Semoqmedebas vnebs. yuradReba
adamiania Tavad _ me. Tu adamiani sakuTari TaviT aris dakavebuli _ es asea egoisturobis `wyalobiT~ _ maSin is Tavis jansaR, SemoqmedebiT yofierebas (Existenz) ver axorcielebs. Semoqmedeba siamea, udidesi siame.
egoisturobas gamudmebiT pretenziebi, survilebi, swrafvebi uCndeba. maT ganmeorebebs bolo ar uCans, maT sulac ar surT, rom erTxel da samudamod dakmayofildnen. ndoma, Jini ukve imis dasturia, rom me var. nebismieri Cveulebrivi grZnoba,
tanjva-wuxilic ki, amasve adasturebs. umjobesia wuxili, vidre, saerTod, ugrZnobloba. ndomis, Jinis daukmayofilebloba saxarbielo ram, marTalia, veraa, magram kmayofilebac drois mxolod mcire monakveTze gastans xolme. es asec unda iyos. ndomaTa bunebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli ganmeorebadoba, SegrZnebaTa garkveul formasTan
mijaWvuloba amJRavnebs, raoden naklebadaa maTi buneba sityvismieri. maT bunebas siaxle ar surs (Sokoladis natexs mudam erTi da igive gemo aqvs). xom gamigeT? cxoveluri, adamianiseuli cxoveluri (cxovelebs xom iseTi ltolvebi ara aqvT, romlebic
maTTvis sazianoa) ganmeorebis tendenciiT xasiaTdeba.
sityva `TavkerZoba~** Rrmad swvdeba egoisturobis arss. adamiani sul sakuTari
Tavis ZiebaSia da verasodes povebs mas (im gagebiT, rogorc es zemoT davaxasiaTeT).
cxovreba, samSvinvelis funqciebi ki danaidTa amao Sromis (wylis Casxma gaxvretil
*
**
[`contrat social~ _ `socialuri SeTanxmeba(frang.)]
[germanulad Selbstsucht _ sityvasityviT: TviTmaZiebloba]
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kasrSi) samsaxurSia Cayenebuli. samSvinvelis yvelaze naTel funqciasac, azrovnebasac, es uReli aqvs dadgmuli. mas SeuZlia Tavi TviTSegrZnebis samsaxurSi Caayenos
da sxeulebrivi Tu mSvinvieri TviTSegrZnebis sul axal-axali variantebi ipovos.
Cven TviTSegrZnebis sxeulebrivi formebis detalur ganxilvas axla ar vapirebT.
mxolod erT raimeze gavamaxvilebT yuradRebas. sxeuls mxolod wmindad biologiuri moTxovnilebebi aqvs. is siamovnebasa Tu tkbobaze pretenziebs ar acxadebs, mas
mxolod swyuria an Sia; man ar icis, `ra aris gemo~ _ iseve, rogorc amis Sesaxeb araferi
icis gareulma cxovelma, romelic arafriT gadadebs Wamas imis gulisTvis, rom raRac
ufro ukeTesi, ufro gemrieli miirTvas, anda imisTvis, rom `piris ukeT Catkbaruneba~ SeZlos. tkbobis saSualebebi misTvis ucxoa. me jer ar minaxavs, zRarbi sigaras rom eweodes.
siamovnebis grZnobebi da pretenziebi (moTxovnileba) maTze samSvinvelidan momdinareobs, sxeuli ki aq mxolod iaraRis, instrumentis rolSia. roca mRvdlebi `sxeulis bunebrivi moTxovnilebebis~ saxeliT dauqorwineblobis wesis winaaRmdeg gamodian, amiT isini am mxriv TavianT ucodinarobas amJRavneben mxolod _ ver gaurkveviaT
ra, rom vneba sxeulidan ki ar momdinareobs, aramed samSvinvelidan. sxeuls grZnobebi
ar gaaCnia. egoisturobis kera grZnobis sferoSia. TavkerZobis swrafvis mizans xom
TviTSegrZneba Seadgens _ ugulebelyofili TviTgamocdilebis, anu TviTSemecnebis
sanacvlod. cnobierebis, samSvinvelis TviTgamocdileba iseve intensiuri rom yofiliyo, rogorc raime saganTan Sexebis gamocdileba, maSin TavkerZoba sruliad ar iqneboda saWiro da arc iarsebebda igi. grZnoba aq rasme ki ar grZnobs, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, aramed Tavis Tavs grZnobs. is Semmecnebeli araa da amave dros cnobierebis avtonomias ar eqvemdebareba, aramed TviTneburad midi-modis. amiT vlindeba qvecnobieri xasiaTi am warmonaqmnebisa, romlebic, am TvalsazrisiT, asociaciebs enaTesaveba. isini isedac asociaciur elementebTanaa dakavSirebuli. amitomac aris SesaZlebeli adamianis faruli grZnobiTi sferos Secnoba, Tuki yuradRebas mivaqcevT mis
asociaciebs, romlebic metyvelebiT-azrobrivi formiT iCens Tavs, namdvili azrebi
ki araa.
sxeuli, rogorc instrumenti, TviTSegrZnebiTi grZnobebisTvis aucilebeli sulac araa. arsebobs wmindad mSvinvieri formebi, romlebic TavkerZobas emsaxureba.
aseTebia: ukve xsenebuli pativmoyvareoba, Suri, sixarbe da kidev uamravi sxva
`Cveva~, romelTa Soris nawils raime sayovelTaod damkvidrebuli saxeli saerTod
ar gaaCnia. ase, magaliTad, CvenSi moTuxTuxe `samarTliani~ brazi romelime adamianis
an adamianTa jgufis mimarT arcTu iSviaTadaa wyaro mSvinvieri tkbobisa. sxvaTa sibriyvisa da simdablis gamo aRmocenebuli _ xSirad Cumi _ risxva siamis momniWebelia.
Cven siamovnebiT, xalisiT vrisxdebiT. aseve _ sxvaTa cud, amoralur mxareze bevrad
mets vlparakobT da vyvebiT, vidre keTilSobilursa da zneobrivze. Tuki Worikana
qalbatonebsa da batonebs daakvirdebiT da statistikur aRricxvas CaatarebT, dainaxavT, TanamoZmeebze kargisa da cudis laparakis wili raoden araTanabari iqneba.
TavkerZobis yvela forma, gvsurs Tu ara Cven es, dakavSirebulia aragulwrfelobasTan, pirvel rigSi _ sakuTari Tavis mimarT. es aragulwrfeloba uwindelze metad dRes vlindeba, miuxedavad imisa, rom bevri ram, risic adre gvrcxvenoda, dRes
siamayis sagnadaa qceuli. adamianebTan urTierTobisas wina planze yovelTvis Cvens
`saukeTeso mxareebs~ wamovwevT xolme. sakuTari Tavis mimarT aragulwrfeloba aragulwrfelobaTa uzomo, uzarmazari raodenobis wyaroa, romelic samyaroSi adamianTa Soris cirkulirebs. xSirad gamiznulad organizebuli aragulwrfeloba adamianebs erTmaneTisgan gauvali nisliviT yofs da erTmaneTis gagebis yovelgvar mcdelobas xels uSlis.
egoisturobis sxvadasxva formebisTvis saerTo damaxasiaTebeli niSani isaa, rom
calkeul adamianebs iqac ki uSlis xels, sadac es xelis SeSla SeumCneveli rCeba.
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sakuTari Tavisadmi ndobis nakleboba erT-erTia am negatiur formaTagan. visac
es sWirs, Tavis qcevaSi aSkarad SezRudulia, im SemTxvevaSic ki, roca `intuicia~
sworad karnaxobs, rogor moiqces. pativmoyvareobas yovelTvis rodi aRiareben negatiur Tvisebad, magram, rogorc socialurad, aseve individualurad is sazianoa,
radgan adamianebs iseTi Tanamdebobisken ubiZgebs, romelsac isini Tavs ver arTmeven
da razedac ueWvelad uari unda Tqvan; SemCneuli iqneba es Tu dafaruli darCeba,
sul erTia. imis mecadineobaSi, rom es dafaruli darCes, bevri Zala, dro da energia
ixarjeba. arasrulfasovnebis gancda da misi zekompensacia isevea gavrcelebuli,
rogorc Suri da eWvianoba, Tu `zedmeti mgrZnobiaroba~, ramdenadac yvelaferi sakuTar pirovnebasTan kavSirSi ganixileba da amisda mixedviT fasdeba. ra jobia imas, Tu
kacs Seni profesia giyvars, magram profesiaze, rogorc `warmatebebis~ miRwevis saSualebaze, CabRauWebas adamianebi swrafad mihyavs iqamde, rom sakuTar moRvaweobas
profesiis samsaxurSi ki ar ayeneben, aramed `warmatebis~ miRwevaze arian orientirebulni da amis gamo TavianTi saqmianobisadmi araswori damokidebuleba uCndebaT.
sxva adamianis Svela, profesiiT iqneba es _ rogorc eqimis, mRvdlis, maswavleblis da
ase Semdeg, SemTxvevaSia _ Tu, ubralod, ise, Zalze mniSvnelovani da mSvenieri ram
aris. magram, Tuki CemTvis ufro mniSvnelovani swored is xdeba, rom me vSveli gasaWirSi myofs, vidre is, rom mas, rogorc aseTi, eSveleba, maSin Cemi daxmareba ara marto moralur mniSvnelobas kargavs, aramed is obieqturad aRarc aris daxmareba. me
veRar SevZleb, sakmao obieqturobiT ganvsajo, ra nabijis gadadgma iqneboda ama Tu im
SemTxvevaSi marTebuli. xSirad adamians im mizniT exmarebian, rom damokidebul mdgomareobaSi Caayenon. kacma rom Tqvas, ratom? yvela amgvari saqcieliT adamiani scdeba
realobas, sinamdvilis Semecnebisa da swori Sefasebis gzas. amasTan, yovelive es
uneblied xdeba _ aravin iRebs gadawyvetilebas, rom iyos Suriani, rom igrZnos sakuTari arasrulfasovneba, anda rom mimozasaviT `zedmetad mgrZnobiare~ gaxdes.
aravin iRebs gadawyvetilebas, iyos egoisti. magram Tu egoisti xar, miuxedavad
Sesatyvisi gadawyvetilebis miRebisa, misgan Tavis daxsna Zalian Znelia. egoisturoba qvecnobieri formaa, uneblie, xSirad subieqtis Sinagani winaaRmdegobiT
ganmsWvaluli da misi yvela forma (romelic advilad enacvleba erTmaneTs, erTmaneTSi gadadis da erTmaneTzea damokidebuli) qvecnobieri, gaurkveveli warmoSobisaa. piriqiTac SeiZleba iTqvas: qvecnobierSi fesvgadgmuli yoveli qceviTi forma
egoisturobis niSanSi dgas.
Stirneridan da nicSedan moyolebuli, sul mudam isev da isev warmoCndebian Cven
winaSe egoizmis filosofosebi (amiT romelime maTganis arc genialobis da arc gulwrfelobis impulsis uaryofa gvsurs) da fsiqologTa umravlesobac dRes im izrze
dgas, rom adamiani SeuZlebelia sxvagvarad warmovidginoT, Tu ara rogorc dabadebiT
egoisti. zogierTi ram am mxriv ukve ganvixileT. ar unda dagvaviwydes (da aq mJRavndeba cnobierebis Cven mier aRwerili sayovelTao daavadebis daZlevis SesaZlebloba),
rom es Sexeduleba Semecnebis Sedegia (is xom Secnobilia). adamiani Tavidan bolomde
egoisti rom yofiliyo, igi am Tavis egoizms saerTod ver SeamCnevda (iseve, rogorc
imas, vinc mxolod lurjs xedavs, lurj ferze araferi ecodineboda). igi cneba `egoisturobis~ Camoyalibebas verc SeZlebda. misTvis rom mxolod egoisturi saqcieli
yofiliyo cnobili, ra azrs Cadebda igi am cnebaSi? magram egoisturoba aRmoCenilia.
instancia, romelmac igi aRmoaCina, anu Semmecnebeli instancia, Tavad verasgziT ver
iqneboda egoisturi. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi is am aRmoCenamde verasodes mividoda.
egoisturoba ar aris raRac pirveladi. is gardauvali Sualeduri safexuria me-gancdisken mimaval gzaze. is adamians sakuTar fexze ayenebs, rom man Tavad SeZlos siaruli, rom, Tu aqamde mimRebi iyo, axla gamcemi gaxdes da simartovidan sxva adamianebisken misasvleli gza ipovos. magram adamianis Tavisuflebis farglebSia, am nabijebs gadadgams Tu darCeba im mdgomareobaSi, romelSic igi Tavisi arCevanis, Tavisi cnobieri
gadawyvetilebis gareSe imyofeba, ese igi _ im mdgomareobaSi, rodesac qvecnobieris
warmonaqmni TumcaRa dominirebs, magram amave dros is aRmoCenilia, formulirebulia. is rom cnobierad aris formulirebuli, marto am garemoebidanac SeiZleba gamoviyvanoT is daskvna, rom qvecnobieris winaSe Turme arc ise ususurni vyofilvarT da
rom, aqedan gamomdinare, misi daZlevis Sansi arsebobs.
egoizmis filosofiaa, roca fiqroben, rom bunebaSi gabatonebulia erTgvari
brZola arsebobisTvis, rom `ganviTarebas~ is warmarTavs. es azri drom moitana. is sameurneo liberalizmis erasa da mis ideur samyaroSi warmoiSva. is sruliad anTrogeorg kiulevindi – normaluridan jansaRisken
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pomorfulia. magram, swored dRes viswavleT Cven bunebrivi, biologiuri wonasworobis dafaseba, romelic bunebaSi sufevs, Tuki adamiani masSi ar ereva da mas ar arRvevs.
bunebisTvis normaluri, `bunebrivi~ ar aris `swrafva~, `ganviTarebis impulsi~,
`brZola~. bunebas xom mainc verafers gavugebT, Tuki mas brZolis Sesaxeb adamianiseuli warmodgeniT mivudgebiT, iseve, rogorc verc daxmarebis Sesaxeb Cveni warmodgenis moSveliebiT gavugebT bunebas rasme _ urTierTdaxmarebis magaliTebsac xom, Tu
movindomebT, aranaklebs davinaxavT bunebaSi, vidre `brZolisas~. esec rom ar iyos,
istoriuli TvalsazrisiTac raRac araferi SeimCneva maincdamainc `ufro yoCaRis~
gadarCenisa. roca raime katastrofis gamo kveba izRudeba, sruliadac araa aucilebeli, yvelaze Zlieri gadarCes. umetes SemTxvevaSi ise xdeba, rom yvelaze upretenzio, yvelaze patara saxeoba da yvelaze upretenzio individi gadarCeba xolme. paleontologiaSi dapataraveba Seudareblad ufro metad gavrcelebuli fenomenia,
vidre `gayoCaReba~. da, saerTod, ras niSnavs `siyoCaRe~ bunebaSi? Tuki amis erTmniSvnelovnad dadgena ar SegviZlia, maSin mtkiceba _ `ufro yoCaRi gadarCeba~ _ uazrobaa.
es naTqvami mxolod imas niSnavs, rom `gadarCeba is, vinc gadarCeba~. adamiani, wminda
biologiurad Tu SevafasebT, mTels bunebaSi yvelaze naklebad `yoCaRia~. darvinis
mTeli es mosazreba aSkarad meurneobaSi gamefebuli konkurenciuli brZolidan momdinareobs. xolo ra gagebiT SeiZleba ewodos am brZolaSi gamarjvebuls yvelaze ufro yoCaRi _ es sul sxva da Tanac, cota ar iyos, utaqto kiTxvaa.
Cven SegviZlia Cveni cxovrebis egoisturi formebi da Cvevebi ideologiurad gavamarTloT, magram metyvels CvenSi, sityvismier arsebas qcevis am formebis gamo
yovelTvis Sercxveba. zedapirulad adamians SeuZlia iamayos Tavisi angariSgauwevlobiT, `arasentimentalobiT~, TanagrZnobis uqonlobiT da `vaJkacobdes~ Tavisi
gulqvaobiT _ arsebobdnen da dResac arseboben, egreT wodebuli, `msoflmxedvelobebi~, romlebic amgvar Tvisebebs didad afaseben da maT ganviTarebas xels uwyoben.
magram aseTi msoflmxedvelobis mqone adamianebi TavianT SexedulebebSi Tanmimdevrulni ar arian. `ojaxSi~ xom am Sexedulebebis mixedviT aravin cxovrobs. erT patara
ambavs mogiTxrobT, romelic marTlacda xatovnad aSuqebs egoizmisa da altruizmis
sinamdviles.
jojoxeTi _ es is adgilia, sadac wvniani kerZi TumcaRa sakmarisi odenobiTaa iqaur
mkvidrTa moTxovnilebis dasakmayofileblad, magram kovzebs imdenad grZeli tari
aqvs, rom wvnianiT savse kovzis pirTan mitana aravis SeuZlia. qvabTan msxdar damSeulTa tanjva eniT auwerelia. zecaSi rogorRaa saqme? iqac zustad igive situaciaa: blomadaa wvniani da iseTive grZeltariani kovzebia. oRond aqauri mkvidrni im ideamde
misulan, rom erTmaneTi gamokvebon; rom kovzi sakuTar pirTan ki ara, mezoblis pirTan
miitanon ... da aseTi araegoisturobis wyalobiTaa, rom ikvebebian.
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3.4 qvecnobieris
Camoyalibeba
egoisturoba dRevandel kacobriobaSi Zalze Zlier vlindeba. Cven ar SevCerdebiT imaze, saidan iRebs is saTaves. es am wignis miznebs scildeba. magram Zneli araa imis
mixvedra, rom verc bavSvi da verc kacobrioba me-gancdis SesaZleblobamde ver mividoda, Tu ara SemovliTi gzis _ egoisturobis _ gavliT. yvelaferi, rac egoisturobasTanaa kavSirSi, adamians zecnobierisgan aSorebs. ase da amrigad, adamians SeuZlia
zecnobierisgan damoukidebeli gaxdes (SegveZlo asec gveTqva: Tavisufali zemodan).
Tu asea, maS, ratomRaa is Tavisufali mxolod Semecnebasa da SemoqmedebaSi? yovel
adamians aqvs wuTebi, roca is Tavisuflebas uSualod ganicdis, aseve yvela xvdeba
iseT cxovrebiseul situaciebSi, roca adamianisTvis aSkaraa, rom is ar aris Tavisufali. araTavisufleba fizikalur-biologiuri da msgavsi determinirebulobidan ki
ar momdinareobs, aramed _ samSvinvelis im gankerZoebuli nawilidan, romelsac Cven
ukve vicnobT qvecnobieris saxeliT. aqedan momdinareobs xsenebuli gaurkveveli,
ganuWvreteli grZnobebi, impulsebi, asociaciebi, romlebmac SeiZleba cnobieri nebis sawinaaRmdegod wamoyos Tavi da xSirad gaitanos kidevac Tavisi. xandaxan cnobiereba am impulsebis mxarezec dgeba, azrobrivad amarTlebs maT da ise gamohyavs, TiTqos yovelive es gaazrebuli, Tavisufali gadawyvetilebebis safuZvelze xdebodes.
qvecnobieri fiqsirebuli formebisa da Cvevebisgan Sedgeba. yovelive formirebuli ki egoisturobis niSniT yalibdeba. qvecnobieri impulsebi mxolod egoisturia. cxadia, es impulsebi Cndeba cnobierebisTvis, cnobierebaSi. is, rac qvecnobieria maTSi, esaa maTi warmomavloba, maTi warmoSoba, romelic iseve ar aris xolme
avtonomiuri cnobierebis mier nanebebi, rogorc maTi gamoCena.
avtonomiuri yuradReba formisgan Tavisufalia, ese igi, winaswarformirebuli araa. amitom mas droebiT nebismieri formis miReba SeuZlia, yvelaferTan ZaluZs identificireba da ZaluZs miRebuli formisgan kvlav gamoTavisufleba, raTa
sxva obieqtze gadainacvlos. formirebuli warmonaqmnebi, TavisTavad cxadia, Semmecnebeli (Semecnebiseuli) araa swored imitom, rom maT ukve aqvs mudmivi forma, radganac fiqsirebulia. egoisturobidan amosvliT verafers Seimecneb. Semecneba yovelTvis uangaroa; winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi is ar aris Semecneba. TavkerZoba da Semecneba
ori erTimeoris sapirispiro ram aris. Tu sakuTari Tavis ZiebiT xar garTuli, SeuZlebelia, imavdroulad Sesamecnebeli saganic eZio.
axali formebis Sesaqmneladac da saerTod, SemoqmedebisTvis winaswarCamoyalibebuli formebi ver gamodgeba. axali ram mxolod uformosgan SeiZleba warmoiqmnas.
namdvili metyveleba, romlis drosac axali ram iTqmis, moicavs imis SesaZleblobas,
rom am axlis eskizi usityvod moixazos. Semdeg is metyvelebaSi sityvierad `Camoisxmeba~. igi jer kidev `Txevadia~, jer kidev ar aris `yalibSi Casmuli~, `gamyarebuli~.
rac ukve formirebulia, is ar metyvelebs. gagebas, gamgebs ki formirebuli, magaliTad, dawerili teqsti, isev `Txevad fazaSi~ gadahyavs. mxolod amgvarad `sityvobs~
is da mxolod ase SeiZleba gavigoT. improvizacia Cven SevicaniT rogorc SemoqmedebiTi, axlis Semqmneli Jesti. es Jesti qvecnobieri formebis, asociaciebis, yovelive
Cvevismieris diametrulad sapirispiroa. amrigad, Cven SegviZlia niSan-TvisebaTa ori
jgufi davupirispiroT erTmaneTs:
qvecnobieri
zecnobieri
mza
Cveva
gameoreba
formirebuli
ra
asociacia
nagrZnobi (Gefühl)
instinqti
aramza
unari
improvizacia
formisgan Tavisufali
rogor
azrovneba
vgrZnob (Fühlen)
me mnebavs
adamianis cxovrebaSi marcxena sveti gacilebiT ufro did rols asrulebs, vidre
marjvena. da mainc, miuxedavad amisa, is, rac specifikurad adamianuria, marjvena svetSia. marcxena svetis calkeul elementebs imave sferoSi aqvs saTave, saidanac sapirisgeorg kiulevindi – normaluridan jansaRisken
46
piro elementebi warmodgeba. ego ar arsebobs mes gareSe. ar arsebobs qvecnobieri,
romelic zecnobieridan ar momdinareobdes. or sazRvars Soris, romelic gamocdilebaSi gveZleva da romelsac saSvinvelis es ori sfero _ zecnobieri da qvecnobieri
_ esazRvreba, TamaSdeba samSvinvelis yoveldRiuri cxovreba Tavisi feradovnebiT,
Tavisi tkivilebiTa da sixaruliT.
katulusis distiqoni saucxood aRwers qvecnobieri impulsis xasiaTs:
Odi et amo. Quare id faciam, fortasse requiris.
Nescio. Sed fieri sentio et excrucrior.
me mZuls da miyvars. ratom viqm amas, ikiTxav, albaT.
ar vici. magram asea, ase vgrZnob da var am tanjviT jvarcmuli.
Nescio: ar vici. aq gaorebuli grZnobis qvecnobier wyarozea miTiTeba da am miTiTebidan iSveba mSveniereba leqsisa. diax, mTeli leqsi, faqtobrivad, es mxolod miTiTebaa. magram es leqsi gancdis mdgomareobas scildeba. rasac igi gancdis mdgomareobidan gamohyavs, es aris cnobier-qmna, gacnobiereba. leqsis dabadebis momentSi cnobiereba gamoTavisuflebulia grZnobisgan, Sehyurebs sakuTar Tavs, grZnobas, samSvinvelis situacias da aRwers kidec mas. yovel nabijze vxvdebiT zmnebs, xdomilobebs,
movlenebs (14 mocemul sityvas Soris 8 zmnaa). leqsis RerZia es siTamame, es saocrad
gabeduli gamonaTqvami: nescio _ ar vici.
rogor yalibdeba qvecnobieri, romelzedac aq sityva `nescio~ miuTiTebs? saWiroa, mSvinvier formaTa saTaveebi veZioT. saidan da ratom warmoiSoba pirveli mSvinvieri forma?
bavSvi jer kidev manamde, sanam me-s Tqmas SeZlebdes, metyvelebas swavlobs da amis
meoxebiT imavdroulad _ azrovnebasac. Tavdapirvelad bavSvi sakuTari sxeulebriobis (swored es sxeulebriobaa da sxva araferi mozrdilisTvis bavSvi) Sesaxeb mesame
an meore pirSi laparakobs: `patara petre gareT midis~ an `Sen gareT midixar~. rogorc vxedavT, metyvelebis Camoyalibeba bavSvTanac da kacobriobis SemTxvevaSic win
uswrebs individualobis Camoyalibebas. garkveuli momentidan imave sxeulebriobis
Sesaxeb bavSvi pirvel pirSi iwyebs laparaks: `me gareT mivdivar~. mozrdilTa garemos
umetesad ar esmis am uaRresad intuituri procesis mniSvneloba (is rom intuituria,
Cven ukve 1.3 TavSi vnaxeT. SeuZlebelia imis axsna, ra aris `me~ da ra aris `Sen ~). sakuTari sxeulisadmi mimarTvis ori sxvadasxva formis arsebobis faqti ori didad mniSvnelovani daskvnis gamoyvanis SesaZleblobas gvaZlevs. bavSvs ukve mSvenivrad SeuZlia laparaki, magram is sworad ver iyenebs sityva mes. aq molaparake jer kidev `sxeulis gareTaa~, jer kidev ar aris sxeulTan identificirebuli. mas ar SeuZlia Tqvas
`me~, ar SeuZlia miaRwios me-intuiciamde, ese igi, sanam es identificireba moxdeba,
manamde mas Tavisi Tavis med gancda ar SeuZlia. amisTvis sxeulTan identifikaciaa
saWiro. ki, magram, am identifikaciiT me, molaparake, marTla iqceva sxeulad? araviTar SemTxvevaSi. identificirebis meoxebiT mxolod ego-s Camoyalibeba xdeba da es
ego Tavs grZnobs sxeulis identurad. me sarkes sxeulSi povebs, Tavis anarekls am
sarkeSi uyurebs da mas eubneba: me. Tavad me, metyveli arsi _ is tvinis aparatSi, mikrofonSi ar agverios _ uxilavi rCeba, aralokalizebadi da sakuTari Tavis mimarT
zecnobieri, ese igi, is iseTi ram aris, rac gamocdilebiT ar gveZleva. ego, me-SegrZneba imis wyalobiT warmoiqmneba, rom Semmecnebeli da metyveli me identifikacias raRac formasTan axdens. es winaswarmocemuli formaa _ ara marto rogorc fizikuri iersaxe, aramed, agreTve, rogorc cocxali da SemgrZnobi sxeuli, rogorc
mzardi, moZravi, SemgrZnobi tani. cxovels, magaliTad, moZraoba sakuTari Tavidan
gamomdinare SeuZlia, radganac mas SegrZnebis unari aqvs da misi moZraoba azriania,
SegrZnebebiTaa marTuli. mas SeuZlia gza agvirios, an kvals mihyves, piri stacos
rasme Zalian marjved da swrafad, rogorc es, magaliTad, frinvelebs sCveviaT niskartis meSveobiT. SeadareT es unari mcenareTa zrdasa da `moZraobas~. TviT iseT `moZrav~ saxeobebSic ki, rogoricaa, magaliTad, mimoza, anda buziWeria, vawydebiT _ cxovelisas Tu SevadarebT _ `meqanikur~ moZraobebs. is, rasTanac molaparake bavSvi axdens identifikacias, fizikuria, es aris formaqmnad ZalTa Tu SegrZnebiTi forma: aq
SegveZlo, Sesabamisad, formaqmnad Tu SegrZnebiT sxeulebze gvesaubra _ Tuki sxeulis qveS ubralod raRac formirebuls vigulisxmebT. es SegrZnebiTi forma refleqsebs, `SegrZnebebs~ moicavs, romlebic Sinagan moZraobebs marTavs da mozrdilgeorg kiulevindi – normaluridan jansaRisken
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TaTvis aracnobieria da mxolod maSin xdeba cnobieri, roca Sesabamisi sasicocxlo
funqciebi ziandeba _ avadmyofobisas.
aqedan gamomdinare, qvecnobieris birTvi ego-SegrZnebaa, romelSic me Tavis Tavs
ara Tavis TavSi, aramed sxeulis SegrZnebaSi ganicdis. am centraluri ego-SegrZnebis
irgvliv iyris Tavs SegrZnebiTi formebi, moTxovnilebis formebi _ egoisturi, TviTSemgrZnobi _ aTasnairi Cvevebi, grZnobebi, adamianiseuli instinqtebi. saidan Cndeba
yovelive es?
Cven vnaxeT (T.3.2.), asakTan erTad cocxali da SemgrZnobi organizmidan rogor
Tavisufldeba `Zalebi~, romlebic manamde zrdiT, organizebiT, formis mizanmimarTuli CamoyalibebiT iyo dakavebuli. isini specifikur adamianur unarad iqceva,
romlisTvisac isaa niSandoblivi, rom arc Tandayolilia da arc bunebrivad viTardeba, aramed adamianuri garemos zemoqmedebiT yalibdeba da Semdgomac `Tavisufali~, ganviTarebisa da gardasaxvis SesaZleblobas inarCunebs. igi SemecnebiT, SemoqmedebiT Zalad iqceva. adamianuri Sroma yovelTvis sulieri Sromaa, vinaidan am
dros xelebi Tu sxeuli suliTaa marTuli. adamianma icis, ras iqms, an, yovel SemTxvevaSi, unda icodes. ideas, sityviseuls adamiani Tavisi xelebis meSveobiT iersaxes, formas aniWebs. amdenad, adamianuri Sroma uSualod asaxavs adamianis `sityvierebas ~. Sromisas adamiani `sityvobs~. Tanamedrove teqnologiuri ganviTarebis
epoqaSi Sromis es xasiaTi sul ufro da ufro metad maxinjdeba da kidec qreba. am sakiTxs kidev movubrundebiT.
Cven isic davinaxeT, rom gaTavisuflebuli Zalebis gverdiT, romlebic adamianiseul saqmianobaSia CaRvrili da mas SesaZlebels xdis, iseT Zalebsac vxvdebiT, romlebic gamouyenebeli rCeba. adre es Zalebi religiuri kultis, adaT-wesebis, tradiciuli Cveulebebis samsaxurSi idga da ise iyo mowesrigebuli, rom, rogorc calkeul adamians, aseve adamianTa erTobas eTanadeboda. axal droSi, Semcnobi samSvinvelis epoqaSi, roca bunebismetyveleba, misi Sesatyvisi zogadi suliskveTeba da masze
dafuZnebuli teqnikaa aRzevebuli, tradiciuli meTodebi veRar amarTlebs da `Warbi~ sasicocxlo da SegrZnebiTi Zalebis saTanado wesrigSi mosayvanad aRar gamodgeba.
calkeul adamians marTebs, mouaros maT (yovel SemTxvevaSi, wesiT ase unda xdebodes), unda SeZlos maTi daqvemdebareba me-arsebisadmi, romlis samsaxurSic saerTod
dgas Tavisufali Zalebi. maTi saSualebiT me-arsebas sxeulSi TviTgamoxatva da danawevrebuli metyveleba ZaluZs. man unda SeZlos am Zalebis, rogorc SemecnebiTi, SemoqmedebiTi Zalebis, erTi sityviT, rogorc improvizaciul-Tavisufali anu sityvismieri Zalebis, gamoyeneba.
rogorc gamocdileba gviCvenebs, es iSviaTad xdeba. mecniereba adamianis Sesaxeb
aseTi movlenebis aRmoCenisgan jer kidev Sorsaa, sulismecniereba ki, romlis damfuZnebeli rudolf Staineria da romelic misi yuradRebis centrSi myof swored amgvar
fenomenebs Rrmad ganixilavs, sxvadasxva mizezTa gamo adamianTa umravlesobis mier
arc mecnierebad da arc `dietetikad~ araa aRiarebuli. arada, sulismecniereba,
savsebiT SesaZlebelia, aseTnairad daxasiaTdes: igi aniWebs adamians unars, pasuxi
gasces kiTxvaze: ra SeiZleba movuxerxoT gamoTavisuflebul Zalebs, romlebic Cvens
epoqaSi arsebobs?
rodesac es gamoTavisuflebuli Zalebi arc tradiciul wesrigs eqvemdebareba da
arc me-arsebis sferos, maTgan ZalTa `araTavisufali~, formirebuli qvecnobieriseuli warmonaqmnebi _ Cvevebi, qcevis nimuSebi, egoisturi mgrZnobiaroba _ yalibdeba.
es formebi egoisturobis birTvs miezrdeba da zrdis im ares, romelic Tavad adamianis gadawyvetilebis meoxebiT araa warmoSobili, ese igi, qvecnobieri warmoSobisaa.
naTeli Zalebisgan _ Tuki maTi gamoyeneba ar xdeba _ samSvinvelis bneli sfero warmoiqmneba. SegveZlo am procesisTvis Tavisufal ZalTa mitaceba gvewodebina (adre amgvar rasme `demonebis mier Cadenil mtaceblobas~ eZaxdnen. is, rac me-arsebisa iyo,
egoisturobis damangrevel, kacTmoZule Zalas uvardeboda xelSi). qvecnobieri ar
aris raRac pirveladi, aramed is warmoSobilia adamianis uzenaesi Zalebis gamouyeneblobiT iseve, rogorc, tradiciuli aRwerilobis mixedviT, jojoxeTis mkvidrni
dacemuli angelozebi arian. SemoqmedebiTi Zalebi ubatonpatronod ver iqneba. Tu
adamiani maT xelSi ar aiyvans, es Zalebi daecema, gadayiravdeba da iseT formas miiRebs, romelic yvela SemTxvevaSi mteria me-arsebisa, sityvismieri arsebisa. es mza
(formirebuli) warmonaqmnebi sityvismieri araa, ese igi, arafers ambobs [ar metyvegeorg kiulevindi – normaluridan jansaRisken
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mes TviTgamoxatvasa da mis cxovrebas ar
emsaxureba. is, rom mecniereba, romelic adamians arsobrivad ar icnobs _ es ki am mecnierebis `nayofebiT~ mravalgzis mtkicdeba _ xsenebul mza warmonaqmnebs adamianisTvis damaxsiaTebel, misi bunebisTvis normalur movlenad aRiarebs (da xSirad adamianis arssac ki maTSi xedavs), cnobierebis daavadebis simptomia, xolo is gza, romliTac misi gadadeba da gavrceleba xdeba, is simptomia, romelic qvecnobieris uzarmazar Zalmosilebaze miuTiTebs; mas ZaluZs, `Tavis gasamarTleblad~ `mecnierulad~
dasabuTebuli argumentebi warmoadginos.
unari, romelsac adamiani yvelaze xSirad iyenebs borotad, metyvelebaa. metyveleba imas unda msaxurebdes, rom TavianTi cnobierebiT erTmaneTisgan gamijnuli adamianebi Tavisufali wesiT daakavSiros (Cven xom sityvis arsSi SevicaniT iseTi ram,
rac Tavisuflebas gvitovebs), rom adamians SeeZlos metyvelebis moSvelieba, rodesac saTqmeli aqvs raime . bavSvs Tu davukvirdebiT, roca is laparaks swavlobs,
gagvaocebs misi wrfeli, wminda sixaruli am axali unaris mimarT da isic, igi enas
xSirad raoden SemoqmedebiTad iyenebs. SeadareT amas erTi SexedviT sruliad uwyinari forma cudad gamoyenebuli metyvelebisa _ Woraoba. sixaruli gana Woraobis
dros ar SeimCneva? magram es sul sxva sixarulia, vidre bavSvisa. es sixaruli
dakavSirebulia TviTSegrZnebasTan Woraobisas da Woraobis Sinaarsis Sesabamisad
Zlierdeba. Woraoba niSnavs: `aqeT momxede: naxe ra aRar vici. ai, ra kargad var informirebuli, ra Wkviani var, ra kargi, ra gamWriaxi~. amas sxva adamianTa sisusteebze saubris xalisi emateba. es sixaruli ar aris dakavSirebuli arc metyvelebis unarTan da
arc naTqvamis SinaarsTan, aramed is wminda wylis egoisturi sixarulia. Woraoba
`saWiroa~, adamianebi xom Tavs uxerxulad grZnoben, roca sazogadoebaSi dumili
Camovardeba xolme. magram ar gainteresebT, rodis aqeTaa es ase? Woraobis istoria
jerac dasaweria da unda iTqvas, rom am istorias arcTu ise Soreuli warsuli aqvs.
lebs], adamianis TviTgamoxatvas, cnobieri
es Cveva siyalbeTa mTel wyebas moicavs. es siyalbeebi ki, Tavis mxriv, kidev sxva
siyalbeebs Casaxavs da badebs. ase da amgvarad, Tavad sityva, anu xidi, gadebuli Cvensa
da sxva adamianebs Soris, gamoiyeneba rogorc arasityva, rogorc raRac saTamaSo
moneta banqos TamaSis dros. es sityvas aufasurebs iseve, rogorc fuli ufasurdeba
yalbi fulis Semotanisas. swored sityvaa is, riTac da ris mimarTac adamiani yvelaze
metad scodavs.
adamianTaSorisi funqcia, metyveleba TviTmiznad iqca, an, ufro zustad rom
vTqvaT, procesad, romelic gamolaparakebas ki ar emsaxureba, aramed egoisturi kmayofilebis grZnobas hgvris molaparakes. kidev ufro mkveTri cvlilebebi SegiZliaT
SeniSnoT im sferoSi, romelic mokled gamoiTqmis sityviT `siyvaruli~. ras aRar
gulisxmoben am sityviT! metwilad adamianebSi aseTi metamorfoza xdeba: siyvaruli,
ase vTqvaT, novalisiseuli gagebiT (amgvarad ganicdis zogjer bavSvi, ymawvili Tavis
pirvel siyvaruls) iseT raimed gardaiqmneba, rasac am sityvis pirvandel mniSvnelobasTan TiTqmis aRaraferi aqvs saerTo (metamorfoza daRmavali xaziT!).
is, rac qvecnobier grZnobiT formad iqca da Sesabamis nebelobiT impulsTanaa
dakavSirebuli, cnobierebaSi moZaladed gvevlineba, sapirispirod SemecnebiTi Tu
moraluri intuiciebisa, romlebic ara Tu araa moZalade, aramed, romelTa ganxorcieleba xSirad iqiT iTxovs nebelobis did daZabvas. TqvenTvis cnobilia wminda pavles
godeba (werili romaelTa mimarT 7,18 da Semd.): `rameTu uwyi, viTarmed arara, damkvidrebul ars Cem Tana, ese igi ars xorcTa Sina CemTa keTili. rameTu neba igi winamiZs
me, xolo saqmed keTilisa mis ara vpoveb. rameTu ara romeli-igi mnebavs keTili, mas
vhyof, aramed romeli igi ara mnebavs boroti, mas viqm. xolo ukeTu, romeli igi me ara
mnebavs da mas vhyof, arRara me viqm mas, aramed romeli igi damkvidrebul ars Cem Tana
codva~. pavle uyurebs samSvinvelSi mokalaTebul qvecnobier moZalades _ codvas _
ara rogorc abstraqcias, aramed rogorc individualur Zalas. pavle samSvinvelis
struqturis Semdgomi, ufro maRali safexuris winamorbedia _ yvelanairi Tvalsazgeorg kiulevindi – normaluridan jansaRisken
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risiT _ magram igi swored rom uyurebs am codvas iseve, rogorc samSvinvelis zeda
sazRvaric misawvdomia misTvis (galatelTa mimarT 2,10): `xolo cxovel arRara me var,
aramed cxovel ars Cem Tana qriste.~ cnobierebis zeda zRvarTan pavle SeigrZnobs
logoss, romlidanac momdinareobs Semecnebis da siyvarulis unari. Tavad pavle, yovelive amis damkvirvebeli, mesamea, or zRvrul gamocdilebas Soris moqceuli.
Wori umeteswilad sxva, CvenTan armyofi adamianis naklovanebebs exeba. Zalian
msgavs rasme dainaxavT, Tuki masmedias daakvirdebiT. Jurnalistebi, reportiorebi
sensaciebze (es sityva ase unda gavigoT _ `SegrZnebebze~) nadiroben da maT TiTqmis
yovelTvis adamianur sisusteTa sferoSi poveben danaSaulis, kriminalisa da misTanebis saxiT. mkiTxvelebs izidavs aseTi sensaciebi. warmoidgineT, gazeTebis ra mcire
nawili gaiyideboda, msxvili SriftiT dawerili saTaurebi mkvlelobis, Zaladobis,
mZarcvelobisa da moRalateobis nacvlad qvelmoqmedebis, sinazis, zneobrivi saqcielisa da moTminebis Sesaxeb rom gvamcnobdnen. msxvili SriftiT awyobili saTauri
`dRes boroteba aravis Caudenia!~ bevr mkiTxvels rodi miizidavda. aba, SeecadeT, warmoidginoT, rom gazeTi sul karg ambebs gvauwyebdes cudis nacvlad, vinRa
waikiTxavda mas?
esec kvlav sityvis cudad gamoyenebaa. kacobriobis didi nawilisTvis erTgvar siamed iqca borotmoqmedebaTa Sesaxeb informaciis miReba. kacma rom Tqvas, mainc raSi
unda mainteresebdes me, rom `mezobeli qveynis erT patara sofelSi viRac kacma Tavis
colTan da SvilebTan erTad ...~ anda rom `erTma moxelem veragobiT 5 triliardi ...~
mkiTxvelisTvis ki, rogorc wesi, imdenad sainteresoa es, rom meore dRes farTod
msjelobs amaze, Tan (mSvinvierad) tuCebs ilokavs: `ra saSinelebaa! ...~, `ra veragobaa
...~ borotebiT siamovneba da tkboba _ winamorbedi sakuTari xeliT Cadenili borotmoqmedebisa _ farTodaa gavrcelebuli.
TiTqmis yoveli adamianisTvisaa cnobili siyvarulis sevda, roca siyvaruli `uiRbloa~ da upasuxod rCeba anda raRac garemoebaTa gamo happy end*-iT ver gvirgvindeba.
roca amis gacnobiereba xdeba, adamianSi grZnobiTi Zalebi Tavisufldeba(aseve xdeba
sayvareli arsebis sikvdilis SemTxvevaSic) da maT bedisweris sxvadasxvagvari gzebis
gamoWedva SeuZlia. adamiani SeiZleba daavaddes _ mSvinvierad, fizikuradac _ imis
gamo, rom mas `ar umarTlebs~, anda `imedi gaucruvda~. mSvinvierma `Wrilobam~ adamiani yvelaferze xelis Caqnevamde, zogjer TviTmkvlelobamdec ki SeiZleba miiyvanos.
amis saukeTeso magaliTi xom goeTes romanis gmiri verteria. magram, xom SeiZleba sxvanairadac moxdes. Seyvarebuli Tavis sevdisa da tkivilis moZalebisas leqsebis weras,
xatvas an musikis SeTxzvas iwyebs. gaTavisuflebuli Zalebi am SemTxevaSi daavadebas
ki ar iwvevs, aramed SemoqmedebiT Zalebad gardaiqmneba. ramdeni kargi leqsi warmomdgara sasiyvarulo an sxva tkivilebidan (Tumca, rac marTalia, marTalia,_ arc cudi
leqsi dawerila cota) da es `niWi~ imedgacruebuls SeiZleba manamde SeunarCundes,
sanam mas ufro iRbliani siyvaruli ewveva. verteris istoria am or SesaZleblobas
aerTianebs. goeTem sakuTari tkivili romanSi CaRvara. Tavad goeTem ki ara, aramed
misma gmirma moiswrafa sicocxle, goeTe ki cxovrebas ganagrZobs. es romani, miuxedavad yvela im Strixisa, romelic imdroindeli epoqisTvis iyo damaxasiaTebeli, ubralod `reaqciis~ amsaxveli rodia. mas arnaxuli warmateba hqonda da adamianebze did
zemoqmedebas axdenda. rogorc Cans, im droisTvis uiRblo siyvaruli mravlad iyo (da
Tanac, es siyvaruli gulTan axlos mihqondaT). `uiRblo~ siyvarulis ganviTarebis
aseTi gza Zalze naTlad gviCvenebs, gaTavisuflebul ganwyobiseul Zalebs rogor SeiZleba movuaroT. isini avadmyofur formebadac SeiZleba Camoyalibdes da _ mes niSniT _ SemoqmedebiT Tavisufal Zalebadac SeiZleba gardaiqmnas.
qvecnobieri grZnobiTi formebis variantebi usasruloa. kvlav da kvlav momdevno
_ Semotrialebul ZalTa pirvandeli xasiaTisgan sul ufro metad daSorebuli _
saxeebi warmoiqmneba. msubuqi garTobani imis magaliTia, es gaTavisuflebuli Zalebi
sadamde daiyvaneba. rac ufro pasiuria (gamouyenebelia), isini miT ufro metad iwvevs manias da mijaWvulobas. pasiuria, magaliTad, radios mosmena _ wignis kiTxvasTan
SedarebiT, televizoris yureba _ radios mosmenasTan SedarebiT, kriminaluri romani Tu filmi [maTi aRqma] _ Tomas manis kiTxvasTan SedarebiT, anda kino [misi aRqma] _
TeatrTan [mis aRqmasTan] SedarebiT. is, rac speqtaklSi, scenasTan mijaWvulobis gamo,
mxolod miniSnebulia (anu, rac mayurebelma SeiZleba mxolod gamoicnos), is filmSi
*
[happy end _ bednieri dasasruli(ingl.)]
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_ naCvenebia, vinaidan aq ukve yvelafris SesaZleblobaa da mayurebels `ezogeba~ sakuTari aqtivoba _ fantaziis, risame Sevsebis, TanaSemoqmedebis mxriv. sakuTari sisustis gancdiT tkboba egoisturi siamovnebis gansakuTrebuli wyaroa. Tanac, am
dros adamiani, erTi SexedviT, Zlier zneobrivic ki Cans. is Tavis sisustes aRiarebs.
icis, rom sustia da hgonia, amiT pasuxismgebloba Tavidana aqvs acilebuli. `me xom
aseTi susti var, me xom verafers viRoneb. gana ukve esec bevrs ar niSnavs, rom es
mesmis?~. sakuTari sisustis namdvili gancda da Secnoba uzarmazar Zalas moiTxovs.
sakuTari sisustis marTla danaxva da aRiareba mxolod Zalze Zliers SeuZlia. susti
ki jer unda gaZlierdes saimisod, sakuTari sisustis atana rom SeZlos.
adamianis mSvinvieri cxovreba mxolod ganuWvreteli Cvevebisgan, grZnobebisa da
reaqciis formebisgan rom Sedgebodes, yvelaferi, rac misTvis axalia, miuwvdomeli
iqneboda. is siaxlisTvis gverdis avlas Seecdeboda, anda am siaxles rogorme Zvel
formebs dauqvemdebarebda. cxadia, rom eqstremalur formaSi aseTi ganwyoba, aseTi
pozicia damangreveli da TviTdamangrevelia. me-arseba, mza formebisgan Tavisufali,
yovelive mza-dasrulebulis damSleli, amgvar samSvinvelSi sakuTari Tavis sxeulebrivad gamoxatvis SesaZleblobas ver povebs. zogi fsiqologi aki fiqrobs, rom
mSvinvier cxovrebaSi siamovnebis instinqtebis gverdiT garkveul rols sikvdilis
moTxovnilebac TamaSobs. es TviTdamangreveli swrafvebi imave egoisturobis warmonaqmnebia, oRond egoisturobis ukanasknel fazaSi.
formirebasTan erTad am Zalebs sityvismieri xasiaTi ecleba. is, rac ukve formirebulia, ar SeiZleba wyaro iyos. mas arc metyveleba SeuZlia da arc Semecneba. is
mxolod gameoreba SeiZleba iyos. metyveleba, rogorc aseTi, gulisxmobs orive SesaZleblobas: rogorc nebismieri risame Tqmis, iseve sxvisi naTqvamis gagebis _ misi
metyvelebis intenciasTan identifikaciiT. es orive mxolod Tavisufali unaris da
ara Cvevebis meSveobiT SeiZleba ganxorcieldes. qvecnobieri formis mTeli es sfero
asaxvadia, garkveuli gagebiT _ gamoTvladi da avtomaturad reproducirebadi (fsiqologia amas eyrdnoba). avtomaturi adamiani warmoiqmneba rogorc mza ram adamianSi,
rogorc avtomati adamianSi. farTo mecnieruli wreebisa da yvelafris gamamartivebeli `mecnierulobis~ mier adamiani gagebulia, rogorc `Zalze rTuli~ avtomati.
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom es mosazreba qvecnobier sferosTan dakavSirebiT samarTliania,
TumcaRa Zalian gamartivebulad ki gvixatavs saqmis viTarebas. qvecnobieri sfero
pirveladi rodia, aramed im SesaZleblobis xelidan gaSvebiT warmoiqmneba, am sferoSi dabudebul Zalebs rom vwvdomodiT da xelSi agveyvana isini, rogorc Tavisufali, SemoqmedebiTi Zalebi.
gamoTavisuflebadi Zalebis fenomenebi SeiZleba davaxasiaToT rogorc erTgvari
`siuxve~ Tu `siWarbe~. es sityvebi sicocxlisTvis biologiurad aucilebeli Zalebis im Warb ZalebTan Sedarebas gulisxmobs, romlebic adamianis gankargulebaSi misi
sicocxlis ganmavlobaSi TandaTanobiT eqceva. ras axorcielebs adamiani am ZalebiT?
yovel SemTxvevaSi, mets, vidre cxoveli: vTqvaT, kults, xelovnebas an wminda _ erTi
SexedviT `arasasargeblo~ _ Semecnebas. magram, marto amas ki ara, agreTve yovelive
imasac, rac adamianis komforts, garTobas, fufunebas, dabali donis siamovnebas
emsaxureba. istoriuli ganviTarebis msvlelobaSi am saxis `siWarbem~ adamianur saqmianobaTa xsenebuli pirveli kategoria TandaTanobiT sul ufro da ufro metad gadaswona.
orive es kategoria specifikurad adamianuria, maTgan erTsac ver vpovebT cxovelTa samyaroSi. `komfortis sfero~ _ vuwodoT ase yvelafers, rac oden sakuTari Tavis
SegrZnobas emsaxureba _ `kulturul erebSi~ izrdeba da adamianis cxovrebas eufleba, erTmniSvnelovnad dgas ra egoisturobis samsaxurSi. is zrunavs adamianSi im pretenziebisa da moTxovnilebebis Camoyalibebaze, romlebic biologiuri cxovrebisTvis, misi sijansaRisTvis ara Tu ucxoa, aramed sazianoc kia. politikac, erTa Soris
konfliqtebic umeteswilad am sferoTia ganpirobebuli _ meurneobiT anda meurneobasTan dakavSirebuli SiSnarevi sazrunavebiT. bevrma icis, rom amis gamomwvevi xsenebuli `siWarbea~. miuxedavad amisa, mis sawinaaRmdegod cota ram Tu xorcieldeba,
radganac meurneoba umeteswilad swored am Cven mier ganxilul sferoSia Camjdari.
veravin bedavs misi SedarebiTi stabilurobis Seryevas am obieqtSi zog raimeze
uaris TqmiT.
komfortis sfero adamianis qvecnobier impulsebs eyrdnoba, sxvagvarad rom
vTqvaT, adamianis egoisturobas. egoisturobas ar surs sityvis Tqma da gacema, mas
surs, hqondes da datkbes. amitom `siWarbis~ xsenebul or sferos Soris arsebuli
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Zireuli gansxvaveba SeiZleba davaxasiaToT rogorc gansxvaveba maTi sityvismierobis mxriv. kulti, xelovneba, Semecneba iseTi qmedebebia, romlebic, Tu SeiZleba ase
vTqvaT, sityvobs [metyvelebs]. amqveynad maTTan erTad vlindeba is, rac sityvismieria. komfortis sferos saqmianobebsa da fenomenebs ki datvirTva ara aqvs. maT ukan
sityvismoZule ideologia dgas, romlisTvisac adamiani, rac gnebavT, yvelaferia,
oRond ara sityvismieri arseba.
sapirispirod cxovelisa, romelsac `Warbi~ Zalebi, Cvevebi, misTvis saziano moTxovnilebebi da raime arabunebrivi unari ar gaaCnia, aramed _ mxolod bunebrivi, ese
igi, Tandayolili an momwifebisas warmoCenadi, adamians siZneleebi uCndeba individualur Tu koleqtiuri xasiaTis problemaTa saxiT Tavisi `Warbi~ Zalebis gamo, rodesac es Zalebi qvecnobier, egoistur Cvevebad gadagvardeba. aqedan gamomdinare,
samSvinvelis higienis da aseve fsiqologiuri mkurnalobis ZiriTadi principi am
`Warb~ ZalTa TviTgamoxatvisTvis sxva SesaZlo mimarTulebis micemaSi unda veZioT. am
mxriv, centraluri sakiTxi esaa: rogor SeiZleba fiqsirebul formebSi Camosxmuli
Warbi Zalebi am formebidan gavaTavisufloT da amasTanave me-arsebas davubrunoT
rogorc SemoqmedebiTi Zalebi?
3.5 naxevrad
Tavisufali Zalebi
erTi mxriv, meseul-Semmecnebeli Zalebi da meore mxriv, samSvinveliseul formebSi Cakiruli Zalebi ori ukiduresobaa. am or SesaZleblobas Soris TiTqmis uwyvetad vxvdebiT gardamaval mdgomareobebs. es gardamavali mdgomareobebi, SeiZleba iTqvas, arc mTlad Caketili formebia (anu, meore mxridan Tu SevxedavT, arc mTlad Tavisufali Zalebia), magram mes mainc ar eqvemdebareba da TavianT `rogorobaSi~ (da ara
TavianT `raobaSi~) met-naklebad formirebuli, Camoyalibebulia. maTi `rogorobisTvis~, pirvel rigSi, isaa niSandoblivi, rom am ZalebSi, maT rac unda moimoqmedon, yvela SemTxvevaSi TviTSegrZnebis xeli urevia. Cven sxvebs vexmarebiT, magram
TviTSemgrZnobi egoisturi sixaruliT vexmarebiT. Cven SevimecnebT, magram am Semecnebas erTgvari siamaye Tu tkboba axlavs Tan da ase Semdeg, am Zalebs, vinaidan isini
arc mTlad formirebulia da arc mTlad mes gankargulebaSi myofi, iseTi rezonansis
unari aqvs, romelsac sxvagan iSviaTad Tu wavawydebiT. isini mzad arian, umal ahyvnen
grZnobiseul ganwyobilebas, survils, sxva adamianis Sexedulebas. rogoric surs am
adamians, rom dagvinaxos, am ZalTa daxmarebiT imis Sesabamisad viqceviT. rezonansi
adamianTa Soris umeteswilad ormxrivia, rac am rezonanss kidev ufro aZlierebs.
cxadia, rezonansis unari mibaZvis unarsac gulisxmobs. es asea im Tvisebebis mibaZvis SemTxvevaSic, romlebic Cven, faqtobrivad, ar gagvaCnia, gansakuTrebiT ki _
sulieri interesebis, unarisa da `sensitiurobaTa~ simulaciis SemTxvevaSi. ra Tqma
unda, aseTi `sulieroba~ TviTSegrZnebis, egoistur xasiaTs atarebs, isaa erTgvari
`viTom~ Tu `TiTqos~, romelmac, miuxedavad amisa, pozitiuri roli SeiZleba Seasrulos, gansakuTrebiT xelovnebaSi. is SeiZleba WeSmarit interesad, WeSmarit unarad
gardaiqmnas. sentimentalobac aseve mibaZvaa _ mibaZva namdvili grZnobisa. msgavsi movlenaa arSiyoba, msubuqi grZnobiTi rezonansebi _ mibaZva siyvarulisa.
Tuki am mofarfate, naxevrad Tavisufalma Zalebma Tavisi gaitanes, maSin maTi zemoqmedebiT ganxorcielebuli moqmedeba uwyvetobis naklebobas ganicdis. vakeTebT
raRacas, gviTrevs iseTi ram, rac Cvens danarCen cxovrebasTan kavSirSi sruliad araa,
xSirad misi sapirispiroc kia. warsuli da momavali am ZalebisTvis ar arsebobs. magram
es arc amJamindeliseuli Zalebia. maTTvis cnobilia mxolod droiTi awmyo da ara
awmyo, rogorc arsiseuli ram. es sentimentaluri Zalebia da xSirad reliqviebs,
`tkbilad mosagonar~ sagnebsaa CabRauWebuli. radganac es me-Zalebi araa, amitom sityvis mimarT ucxo, mtruli Zalebia. es, sxvaTa Soris, imaSic Cans, rom, roca vyvebiT,
ras CavdivarT am Zalebis zegavleniT, es an komikuria, an raRac warmoudgeneli, xSirad Semzaravic ki. es Zalebi SeiZleba agreTve ganvixiloT rogorc gardamavali Zalebi _ qvecnobieri TavianT `rogorobaSi~ da jer kidev Tavisufali TavianT `raobaSi~,
gardamavali qvecnobieri warmonaqmnebisken. am sferoSic `ra~ `rogorobidan~ warmoiqmneba.
egreT wodebuli, normaluri adamianis cnobierebaSi carieli xvrelebi, napralebi arsebobs, romlebic aseT ZalTa zegavlenis SesaZlo punqtebi, susti wertilebia. aq cnobierebis sifxizle garkveuli mimarTulebiT nawilobriv qreba. amgvari
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`napralebi~ pirs ixsnis mSvinvieri stresebis, gadatvirTvis, gadaRlilobis dros _
es movlenebi xSirad Tavadaa simptomebi _ anda iseTi situaciebis gancdisas, romlebsac garkveuli mizezebiT mTlianad an nawilobriv ar veTanxmebiT. xSirad adamiani
TviTonac siamovnebiT uxsnis pirs amgvar napralebs yvela im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac is
rasme eyrdnoba _ pirovnebas, avtoritets, institucias Tu ama Tu im meTods, romelSic is Tavidan bolomde garkveuli araa _ nacvlad sakuTar gansjaze dayrdnobisa.
rodesac me astrologs, `naTelmxilvels~, mkiTxavs, crurwmenaze dafuZnebul sxvadasxva meTodebs mivmarTav momavlis, SesaZleblobaTa, `xelsayreli~ Tu araxelsayreli momentebis gasagebad, anu arsebiTad imis gasagebad, `vin var me?~ da ase Semdeg _ es
nebismier SemTxvevaSi niSnavs faqtze, warsulze dayrdnobas, nacvlad imisa, rom sakuTar wamowyebas, sakuTar aqtivobas vendo da daveyrdno. damoukideblad imisa, ras
miCvenebs horoskopi, astrologis mimarT es pozicia aris cnobierebis gaxsna naxevrad
Tavisufali, rezonansuli Zalebis gavlenisTvis. es Jestic Tavad ukve aseTi zegavleniT Cndeba. faqtobrivad, Cven kafesa Tu barSi rodi vTvrebiT: ukve mTvralebi
varT, rodesac dasalevad sadRac SevdivarT.
Tu am Zalebis masStabebi ufro didia, maSin pirovneba qcevasa da cxovrebis warmarTvaSi gansakuTrebuli labilobiTa da TvalSisacemi araTanmimdevrulobiT gamoirCeva. gegoneba, mexsiereba arc gaaCndes. misTvis mxolod droiTi `axla~ arsebobs da
sxva araferi [qarTuli ena `medroves~ gvTavazobs amis Sesatyvisad]. metic, Tu es Zalebi
kidev ufro intensiuri da xangrZlivad qmediTia, aseT SemTxvevaSi saubroben atavistur samSvinvelebze _ samSvinvelebze, romelTac aseTi `atavisturi~ unari, gumani da
grZnobebi aqvT, romelTa monacemebsac am adamianTa mier xSirad mcdari interpretacia eZleva, radganac aseT adamianebs azrovneba am grZnobebis Sesabamisad ara aqvT ganviTarebuli da vinaidan maTi me `Semecnebis procesSi~ monawileobas ar iRebs. es Zalebi odesRac marTlac SemecnebiTi Zalebi iyo. oRond maSin RvTaebrivi instituciebis, RmerTebis mfarvelobis qveS imyofeboda. RmerTebisgan Tavminebebuli, adamianis mier aracnobierad wvdomili es Zalebi cdunebis iseT Zalebad iqca, rogorsac
dRes fiqsirebuli mSvinvieri formebis sferoSi vxvdebiT. xolo, Tu am naxevrad Tavisufali Zalebis batonoba adamianze kidev ufro gaZlierda, maSin amas fsiqikur
daavadebebamde mivyavarT. dasaxelebuli safexurebi (safexurebi maTi gabatonebis
TvalsazrisiT) erTmaneTisgan mkveTrad araa gamijnuli da erTimeoreSi rbilad gadadis. isic TavisTavad cxadia, rom naxevrad Tavisufali Zalebi iseve, rogorc yvelaferi samSvinvelSi, sxva sferoebTan uSualo kavSirSia. amitom es Zalebi xSirad qvecnobier formebs emsaxureba, romelTa swrafva da miznebic maTi [am naxevrad Tavisufali
Zalebis] meSveobiT xorcieldeba.
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4.
higienuri RonisZiebani samSvinvelisTvis
4.1
samSvinvelis higienis Taobaze
zogadad da lirikulad
wina TavebSi iZulebuli viyaviT, zogadad samSvinvelis struqturis, cnobierebis
saerTo mdgomareobis sakmaod mZime suraTi dagvexata. es Tavi ki mexuTe TavTan erTad
am wignis sakuTriv praqtikuli nawilia. da es praqtikuli nawili imis ganxilviT unda
daviwyoT, ra gziT ar SeiZleba mSvinvier problemaTa gadaWra da rac jobs, arc scados
adamianma. kerZod, jiqur miWra mSvinvier siZneleebze, maTze `muSaoba~, maTi sul TavSi triali da gaanalizeba, maTSi pirdapiri Careva, uSualod maTze mimarTuli RonisZiebebis Catareba. es araswor gzaze dadgoma iqneboda, rac am problemebs kidev ufro
gaarTulebda da gaamwvavebda.
am problemebis arseboba xom imis niSania, rom avtonomiuri adamiani moikoWlebs.
sxvagvarad rom yofiliyo, avtonomiuri adamiani, romelic Tavis yuradRebis mmarTvelia, marTlac Tavisi saxlis baton-patroni rom yofiliyo, maSin problemebi arc
gveqneboda an, yovel SemTxvevaSi, ara ise mwvaved, ese igi, cxovrebaSi simSvides es ar
dagvirRvevda. xolo, Tu avtonomiuri instancia sustia, ese igi, Tuki Cven winaSe
problemebi marTla dgas, es niSnavs, rom aravin aris iseTi, vinc SeZlebda, am sisusteebisTvis sakmarisi TviTmyofadobiT miexeda. avtonomiis naklebobis SemTxvevaSi ki
am problemebze koncentrirebul yuradRebas male mTlianad samSvinvelis damoukidebeli impulsebi, swored xsenebuli problematuri impulsebi daepatroneba. da es
yuradRebac simptomTa erT-erT Semadgenel nawilad gadaiqceva. es ki mdgomareobas
kidev ufro gaauaresebs.
Tu vinme `nerviulia~ da misi yuradReba amiTaa dakavebuli, maSin is kidev ufro
nerviuli xdeba. da Tu amas amCnevs, nerviulobac matulobs.
radgan daavadebas avtonomiis nakleboba iwvevs, amitom aq, daavadebuli mSvinvieri funqciis sferoSi, adamiani verafers moimoqmedebs. man iseTi sfero unda gamonaxos, sadac igi (adamiani) imdenad avtonomiuria, rom avtonomiur unarze, ese igi,
yuradRebis unarze SeuZlia imuSaos [da amis Sedegad, amaSi kidev ufro moZlierdes]. ai,
maSin ki _ avtonomiis zrdasTan erTad _ mas SeuZlia imedi iqonios, rom, magaliTad,
nervul problemebsa da siZneleebs jerovnad gaumklavdeba. Cven xom (ix. Tavi I) vnaxeT,
rom yuradReba mSvinvieri avtonomiis niSani da sazomia, rom avtonomiuri arseba
swored yuradRebis unariT vlindeba. Tu adamians misTvis uintereso raime Temas
intensiuri da xangrZlivi yuradReba nebsiT SeuZlia miapyros, maSin misi avtonomia
Zlieria; Tuki es ar SeuZlia, maSin misi avtonomia moikoWlebs.
azrTa am msvlelobiT ukve gamoTqmulia samSvinvelis higienis zogadi principi,
romlisTvisac arapirdapiri meTodis principi SegveZlo gvewodebina. movimoqmedoT raime, vivarjiSoT im sferoSi, sadac Zlierni da saqmis gakeTebis SemZleni varT,
imisTvis, rom im sferoSi mivaRwioT rasme, romelSic movisustebT.
SeiZleba aseTi kiTxva daibados: ki, magram, saerTod ratom aris saWiro, aucileblad raime viRonoT samSvinvelis higienis sferoSi? Cveni papebi da papis papebi
xom am mxriv sulac arafers akeTebdnen da aki mainc yoCaRad iyvnen!
amaze pasuxi ukve Tavad kiTxvaSia mocemuli. Cveni papebi jansaRni iyvnen, mSvinvieradac jansaRni _ yovel SemTxvevaSi, Cvenze ufro jansaRni mainc. Cven yvelani metad
Tu naklebad daavadebulni varT Cveni cnobierebis gamo da vcxovrobT garemoSi,
romelic aseve daavadebulia, daavadebulTa garemocvaSi vcxovrobT. swored cnobierebaa Sepyrobili am daavadebiT _ daavadebiT, romelsac egoisturoba, amJamindelobis daviwyeba anda qvecnobieri formebis parpaSi hqvia. aseT garemoSi jansaRi adamianic moiwamleba, radgan iZulebuli iqneba, cxovrebis avadmyofur wessa da formas
Seeguos. xolo, Tuki zogierTebma am daavadebis Sesaxeb araferi ician da arc surT,
icodnen, es jer kidev srulebiTac ar niSnavs, rom isini sxvebze ufro jansaRni arian.
aseT viTarebaSi, bunebrivia, adamianma Tavis janmrTelobaze unda izrunos. magram
iqneb vinmes kidev aseTi kiTxva daebados: mainc ratom iyvnen Cveni papebi, cnobierebis
mxriv, ufro stabilurni, ufro jansaRni?
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amaze me sapasuxo kiTxvas dagisvamT. kerZod, ras ityviT, rogor ganicdiT dResaswaulebs? aviRoT Tundac kvira dRe*. TqvenTvis is marTlac mzis dRea, gansakuTrebulad
sazeimo xasiaTisa, Tu is mxolod samuSaosgan Tavisufali dRea iseve, rogorc SabaTi
(adamianTa umravlesobisTvis)? an rogor ganicdiT Sobas? Tuki gamovricxavT sentimentalobas, rac dRes am dResaswauls axlavs xolme Tan, aqvs mas TqvenTvis sazeimo
Sinaarsi, romelic saCuqrebis micemasa da miRebas scildeba? da gansakuTrebiT: rogor ganicdiT aRdgomas? an kidev samebis dResaswauls? cxadia, odesRac am dResaswaulebs sruliad gansazRvruli, Tumca Zalze Znelad Secnobadi individualuri
xasiaTi hqonda. dRes adamianTa umravlesobisTvis dResaswaulebi aRar arsebobs,
cxovreba mxolod samuSao da uqme dReebis mimdevrobaa. ojaxuri dResaswaulebic aseve gauferulda, gafermkrTalda. aqvs Tu ara amas kavSiri mSvinvier sijansaResTan?
dResaswaulebi, TavianTi ritmiT, cxovrebas saxes aniWebda. dResaswaulis gancda
cnobierebas yoveldRiurobisgan aTavisuflebda. es grZnobiTi gancda sentimentaloba rodi iyo (sentimentaloba xom namdvili grZnobis surogatia mxolod), aramed es
iseTive diferencirebuli gamocdileba iyo, rogoric Cveni intuiciaa, oRond ufro
metad koleqtiuri, zogad-adamianur sferoSi ufro Zlierad fesvgadgmuli. yuradReba RvTaebrivze iyo mipyrobili da es religiis an ubralod adamianuri urTierTobebis saSualebiT xorcieldeboda . SeiZleba ase iTqvas, cnobierebis simZimis centri
`zemoT~ iyo gadaxrili, zecnobieris mimarTulebiT, romelic calkeuls zogad adamianurTan akavSirebs _ im sferosTan, sadac enisa da azrovnebis saTaveebia. sazeimo
gancda erT-erTi im tradiciul meTodTagani Tu RonisZiebaTagani iyo, romelic gaTavisuflebul zecnobier Zalebs awesrigebda, romlebic dRes CvenSi qvecnobier formebad gadaiqceva: religiis Tu ubralod adamianuri urTierTobebis saSualebiT maTi
SenarCuneba imave sferoSi xdeboda, sadac maTi saTaveebia. es gancda da mTeli rigi
adre arsebuli gancdebisa Cvens droSi akliaT adamianebs.
dResaswaulebi weliwads anawevrebda. ukve maTi molodini cxovrebisTvis azris
mimcemi da misi momwesrigebeli iyo. Cven SeiZleba nostalgiiT Tu sevdiT aRgvavsos
imis Segnebam, rom dResdReobiT amgvari spontanuri gancdis SesaZlebloba dakarguli gvaqvs. magram veras gviSvelis nostalgia, verc garja da mecadineoba. swored
spontanurobis aRdgenaa SeuZlebeli. magram am magaliTiT imis mixvedra Zneli ar
aris, rom aseTi danakargebis wyalobiT adamianis winaSe axali amocanebi dgeba _ Tuki
adamiani amasobaSi ar dasneulda. dResaswaulebTan dakavSirebiT ra SeiZleba man moimoqmedos, amas Cven me-6 TavSi mivubrundebiT.
dResaswaulTa magaliTs isic SeuZlia gviCvenos, dakarguli sayovelTao-socialuri (magaliTad, religiuri) instituciebis adgili individualurma zrunvam
da qmedebam rogor unda daikavos. is, rasac calkeul adamianTa magivrad adre instituciebi, adaT-wesebi, Cveulebebi, normebi akeTebda, TandaTan sul ufro metad Tavad adamians gadaeloca.
amasTan dakavSirebiT kidev sxva azric SeiZleba gagviCndes. daviT oistraxma, didma rusma meviolinem, odesRac Tqva (SesaZloa, man ferenc listis gamonaTqvami gaimeora): `Tu ori dRis ganmavlobaSi ar vvarjiSob, amas dakvrisas vamCnev; Tu oTx dRes ar
vvarjiSob, amas kritikosebi amCneven; Tu erTi kvira ar vivarjiSe, amas publika amCnevs~. roca man es Tqva, ukve Tavisi SemoqmedebiTi moRvaweobis zenitSi iyo. ase rom,
mas ukve miRweuli hqonda is, rac misTvis misaRwevi iyo da miuxedavad amisa, mwvervalze dasarCenad dReSi daaxloebiT xuTi saaTi muSaoba mainc sWirdeboda. xolo
Cven ... arc violinos dakvraSi da arc imaSi, rac CvenTvis amjerad ufro mniSvnelovania _ Cvens mSvinvier, moralur da SemecnebiT problemebSi _ didi virtuozebi sulac
ara varT da mainc darwmunebuli varT, rom am problemebis gadasaWrelad am mimarTulebiT yovelgvari varjiSis gareSec sakmaod kargebi varT. es xom maincdamainc
logikuri ver aris da kidev ufro naklebad _ realisturad gaazrebuli da SegrZnobili. dRevandeli adamianisTvis didi mniSvneloba aqvs imis Segnebas, rom gasajansaReblad da sijansaRis SesanarCuneblad saWiroa, Tavad moimoqmedos raRac. es sayovelTao mSvinvier-higienuri situacia ase dawvrilebiT am Segnebis gamomuSavebaSi
dasaxmareblad aRvwereT.
*
[`kvira~ germanulad aris Sonntag, sityvasityviT _ `mzis dRe~. am Sesabamisobas vpoulobT
araerT enasa da dialeqtSi, maT Soris _ qarTveluri enebis farglebSic, magaliTad: megruli
`bJaSxa~ _ `mzis dRe~]
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qmedeba mniSvnelovanwilad araqmedebisgan Sedgeba. es niSnavs, rom garkveul saqmianobebs unda SeveSvaT, sxvebi ki CavrToT Cveni cxovrebis ritmSi. im adamianTa umravlesoba, romelsac raRac siZneleebi aqvs sakuTar TavTan damokidebulebaSi da amis
gamo, Zalauneburad, sxva adamianebTanac, ver amCnevs, rom es siZneleebi (mTlianad Tu
ara, nawilobriv mainc) misi sakuTari qmedebis Sedegia. amitom SemdgomSi mSvinvieri
cxovrebis perspeqtivebis ganxilvas did adgils davuTmobT, rom SegveZlos ramdenadme gadavavloT Tvali dReebis, kvirebis, Tveebis da wlebis msvlelobas da miaxloebiT mainc vimsjeloT CvevaTa mavneblobis Tu uvneblobis Sesaxeb, an kidev _ im
wonasworobis Sesaxeb, rac gvaklia yoveldRiuri cxovrebiT Tavs moxveul qmedebaTa
garkveulad saWiro formebTan damokidebulebiT. samSvinvelis higienis zogadi tendencia iqiTaa mimarTuli, rom me-arseba ufro intensiur TviTgancdamde miiyvanos:
rom qvecnobieri Cvevebidan, am CvevebSi raRac jadoTi damwyvdeuli mSvinvieri da
sulieri Zalebi gaZlierebul me-arsebasTan miiyvanos da rom Cvevebi Tavad daedos _
avtonomiur samSvinvelze Zaladobis gareSe _ safuZvlad, niadagad gafurCqnis procesSi myof sulier cxovrebas.
samSvinvelis TviTgamocdileba rom iseve intensiuri yofiliyo, rogorc Sexebis
SegrZnebisa, maSin adamianTa umravlesobas mSvinvieri problema saerTod ar eqneboda;
mtkicebisa da dasabuTebis gareSe, rasac mxolod iseTi subieqtisTvis SeiZleba hqondes mniSvneloba, romelic arsebobs, maT ecodinebodaT, rom isini arseboben. am
punqtSi daurwmunebloba egoizmia da aTasgvari cxovrebiseuli problemebi swored
mas moaqvs. Cven davinaxeT, rom adamians dReisTvis cocxal amJamindelobaSi sakuTari
Tavis gancdis sruli SesaZlebloba aqvs. es mSvinvieri problemebisgan sayovelTao
gankurneba iqneboda. dRevandel mSvinvier cxovrebaSi, romelSic warsulisa da awmyos elementebi erTmaneTisgan ukve gamoyofilia, amis miRweva cnobierebis ganviTarebis meoxebiT xdeba. isic iTqva, rom es adamianis amocanaa da igi TavisiT ver gadaiWreba. SesaZlebeli, magram jer ganuxorcielebeli me-gancda da amis Sedegad gaCenili cnobierebis sakuTari warsuliT Semofargluloba daavadebis sayovelTao SesaZleblobas qmnis. daavadebaTa am safuZvlis Tavidan acileba Cveni mizani unda gaxdes.
calkeuli simptomebi mxolod am miznis fonze SegviZlia efeqturad ganvkurnoT.
cnobierebis higienis strategia SegrZnebisa da nebelobis qvecnobier formebTan
damokidebulebaSi ase SeiZleba warmovidginoT. es formebi mcire an didi urCxulebia, romelTa Zalmosileba da sidide im mitacebuli Zalebisgan iqmneba, romlebsac
me-arsebisTvis zurgi Seuqcevia. odesme obobas an koRos gamadidebeli SuSiT Tu dakvirvebixarT? aTjer gadidebulni, isini SiSis momgvreli Sesaxedaobis mqone zRaprul
arsebebad gvevlinebian. warmoidgineT isini spilosodena. amgvari obobasa Tu koRos
pirispir mdgomni, Tqven arc ki SeecdebiT, SeuiaraReblad SeebrZoloT maT, Tqven xom
Sinaganad SeuiaraRebeli xarT. magram es arsebebi esoden didebi Tqvengan mitacebuli
Zalebis meSveobiT gaxdnen. Tu Tqven am arsebebidan xsenebuli Zalebis _ Tqveni sisxlisa da xorcis _ dabruneba SeZeliT, isini TandaTan sul ufro da ufro metad daiCutebian, rogorc rezinis gaberili cxovelebi, maTgan haers roca gamouSveben xolme. avtonomiuri me-Zalebis varjiSiT aseTi ram xdeba _ zurgSeqceuli Zalebi kvlav
unda movitacoT da kanonier patrons davubrunoT. maSin cxoveluri arsebebi imdenad
daiCutebian, rom safrTxe gaqreba. amis Semdeg maTze Tavis Sewuxeba aRarc aris saWiro, isini ukve suls Rafaven.
dRevandeli adamiani fxizel mdgomareobaSi yofnisas `cxovrebis~, garegnuli yoveldRiurobis, Tavisi Sinagani `Cvevebisa~ da `rezonansis~ gamo erT gawamawiaSia.
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yoveldRiurobis am davidarabaSi myudro adgilis Seqmna, sadac adamiani marto rCeboda Tavis RmerTebTan _ es iyo mizani Zvel saberZneTSi SemoRobili wminda adgilebisa(temenoi). sivrceSi `gamozogil~ areebs, gamoyofils yovelive uxamsisgan, profanulisgan, gamozogils wminda RvTaebriv-adamianurisTvis, dRes gamozogili drois intervalebi, `oazisebi droSi~ Seesabameba, roca adamiani iseT rasme akeTebs, rac arc
yoveldRiurobisTvisaa saWiro da arc qvecnobieri impulsidan momdinareobs, aramed
rac wmindad misi avtonomiuri gadawyvetilebiT xdeba da rasac me-Zalebi mohyavs
moZraobaSi. Tavdapirvelad sul erTia, am drois ganmavlobaSi ra gakeTdeba. es 10-20
wuTi, yoveldRiuri ganmeorebis SemTxvevaSi, qmnis `sivrces~, sadac adamianis avtonomiur arsebas SesaZlebloba aqvs, momZlavrdes da romlis irgvlivac Tavisufali Zalebi SeiZleba struqturulad ganlagdes. TviT im SemTxvevaSic ki, roca mocemul
pirs Tavad ar ZaluZs, 10 wuTis ganmavlobaSi avtonomiurad, asociaciebSi gadavardnis gareSe Tavis saqmianobas mihyves, mas SeiZleba amaSi sxvisi _ megobris an Terapevtis
_ Tanadgoma da zrunva daexmaros. aseT SemTxvevaSi gansakuTrebiT sasargeblo iqneba,
mocemuli piri sityvierad mohyves, am 10 wuTis ganmavlobaSi ras akeTebda.
`drois oazisi~ dRevandeli adamianisTvis samSvinvelis higienur RonisZiebaTa
saZirkvelia. rogor SeiZleba am `drois oazisTa~ Sevseba da amas sxva ra RonisZiebebi
SeiZleba daematos, es SemdgomSi iqneba ganxiluli, roca zogadidan ufro specialur
sakiTxebze gadavalT. am RonisZiebebSi adamianis orbunebovnebaa gasaTvaliswinebeli:
am samyaroSi sxva adamianebTan erTad rom cxovrobs da imavdroulad Tavisi piradi
cxovrebiT individumia.
4.2
laparaki da mosmena
mTeli cxovrebis manZilze adamiani iZulebulia, bevri ilaparakos. urTierToba
sxva adamianebTan da sakuTar TavTan sityvebiT xorcieldeba; warmodgenebisa da nebelobiTi impulsebis warmoqmnasac isev sityvebi emsaxureba. garda im laparakisa, romelic saWiroa, kacobriobis udidesi nawili imitomac laparakobs, rom exaliseba. aseTi
laparaki saWiro ar aris, magram, cnobierebis TvalsazrisiT, imave donidan momdinareobs, saidanac `saWiro~ laparaki. ra donea es?
es informaciis donea, rac niSnavs, rom Cven imas vlaparakobT, rac winaswar mofiqrebuli gvaqvs da arafers axals, arafers iseTs, rac jer sxvisTvis ar gagviziarebia, rac es-es aris gavifiqreT. es asec unda iyos: informacia sxvebs unda mivawodoT
da maTganac miviRoT. ena, laparaki, am SemTxvevaSi, yoveldRiurobis samsaxurSi dgas.
amis sawinaaRmdego kacs ra unda hqondes! didi-didi, is, rom sityvebs iqneb kidev sxva
SesaZleblobebi da funqciebica aqvs.
magram, praqtikuli cxovrebis TvalsazrisiT, yvela gaziarebuli informacia Tanabrad mniSvnelovani rodia. zedmeti informaciac, rogoricaa Woraoba da ybedoba,
uxvad moipoveba. ratom xdeba es?
3.4 TavSi ukve aRvwereT, Woraobas yovelTvis egoisturi kmayofileba rogor moaqvs, roca ama Tu im adamianTa sisusteebis, Secdomebis, danaSaulis Sesaxeb siamovnebiT vismenT rasme da sxvebsac vamcnobT. magram aq kidev erTi mniSvnelovani ram unda
SevniSnoT _ am dros Tavi da Tavi mainc metyvelebis Zireuli impulsia, TumcaRa damaxinjebuli, mdabiuri formiT. es impulsi aris Tavad namdvili metyveleba, romlis saSualebiTac adamiani Tavis `adamianobas~ SesaZleblobidan sinamdviled aqcevs,
Tavis `adamianobas~ axorcielebs. grZnobis TvalsazrisiT rom vTqvaT, adamians saubris siTbo enatreba. ra Tqma unda, es siTbo mas Woraobis, araswori laparakis dros
iseve naklebad ergeba, rogorc loTisTvis smis moTxovnileba ver dakmayofildeba
daleviT; sul meti da meti gvindeba. da radganac sityvis siTbosken, sxvisi gagebisa da
sxvis mier Cveni gagebisken, WeSmariti komunikaciisa da erTobisken swrafva Woraobis
saSualebiT verasodes dakmayofildeba (piriqiT, Woraoba antipaTiis civ elements
axarebs), amitom araswori saubaric grZeldeba iseve, rogorc loTi agrZelebs smas.
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goeTes zRaparSi _ `mwvane gveli da TeTri SroSani~ _ saocar rasme vkiTxulobT
saubarze. oqros xelmwife ekiTxeba gvels da isic upasuxebs:
` _ ra aris oqroze ufro mSvenieri?
_ sinaTle.
_ ra aris sinaTleze ufro macocxlebeli?
_ saubari~.
macocxlebeli niSnavs: `gamamxnevebeli da gamaxalisebeli~. oRond egaa, iseTi saubrebi, romlebzec amis Tqma SeiZleba, Zalze iSviaTia. rogor warmogvidgenia amgvari
saubrebi?
amgvari saubrebis dros danamdvilebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom raime `mzas~ _ imas,
rac ukve bevrjer gaufiqrebiaT da uTqvamT, ar amboben. rasac adamiani ambobs, is, rogorc mza ram, ese igi, ukve winaswar cnobili ram ar unda miviRoT da mas sapirispiro
argumentebi an pasuxi maSinve ar unda SevageboT. piriqiT, adamianis saubars rac SeiZleba didi Sinagani siCume, molodiniT aRsavse dumili unda davaxvedroT. es mosaubrezec axdens gavlenas: mas Sercxveba, raime umniSvnelo Tqvas, an `daStampuli kartebiT~ iTamaSos. es sapasuxo dumili iseT mosmenas unda hgavdes, mxolod bavSvs rom SeuZlia, roca is laparaks swavlobs. mas surs, Seimecnos da ar ZaluZs, Tavisi ego-arseba dauxvedros imas, rasac igi awydeba xolme. mas xom ego-arseba jer ar gaaCnia. swori
metyveleba swori mosmeniT iwyeba, riTac meore adamianis gagebis Semzadeba xdeba.
es gageba, romelSic sityvebiT anda garegnuli niSnebiT verasodes davrwmundebiT,
mxolod adamianis naTqvams ki ar exeba, aramed _ Tavad am adamians. Tu adamiani rutinidan, Tavisi `mza~-dan ki ar laparakobs, aramed Tavisi amJamindelobidan (iqidan, rac
mas amJamad mosdis TavSi, axla amCnevs, axla ganicdis rogorc WeSmaritebas), ai, maSin
ifurCqneba sityva or adamians Soris da imasac, rac man aqamde icoda, igi axleburad
ganicdis. yvela pedagogisTvis cnobilia, is saubari Tu moxseneba, romelic mexsierebidan momdinareobs, rogor zemoqmedebas axdens _ gansxvavebiT im saubrisgan, romelSic saTqmeli pirvelad axla iqmneba, axla moiazreba, axla gaigeba.
saubris siTbo, macocxlebeli da masazrdoebeli, sityvebs Sorisaa, sityvebs zemoTaa _ sityvaSi, gagebaSi. yvelaze metad macocxlebeli ki sruliad usityvo gagebaa sityvaSi _ adamianTa Soris _ rac iSviaTad, bednier momentebSi gamobrwyindeba
xolme. saubari yovelTvis or adamians Soris xdeba. maSinac ki, roca ramdenime erTmaneTTan an erTi ramdenimesTan saubrobs. am drosac yovelTvis erTi erTTan laparakobs.
arseba da sakvirveleba enisa, usityvo enisac _ misi RvTaebrioba _ amgvar idealur
saubarSi mJRavndeba, romelsac ZaluZs, saswauli moaxdinos, gados xidi erTmaneTisgan gamoyofil or cnobierebas Soris. ise Cans, TiTqos yiflibandis zrdasTan erTad adamianebi, cnobierebis mxriv, erTmaneTs savsebiT gamoeyofian, magram maT Soris
erToba da urTierTgaziareba mainc SesaZlebelia moxdes yovelgvari fizikuri,
meqanikuri Tu biologiuri kavSirebis gareSe (aseTi kavSirebi enobriv an sulier
kavSirs sworedac gamoricxaven, vinaidan enobrivi da sulieri kavSiri ar SeiZleba
iyos raRac iseTi, rac gagebis gareSe damyardeba; sxva risame Sedegi is ver iqneba).
ena, faqtobrivad, imisTvis arsebobs, rom adamiani misi meSveobiT `adamianobdes~
da Tavis am adamianobas xorcs asxamdes. metyvelebis gareSe xom adamiani namdvili adamiani araa, rac imasac niSnavs, rom mas Tanamosaubris gareSe adamianad yofna ar SeuZlia. Tanamosaubre Zvel droSi adamianisTvis RvTaeba iyo _ misi pirveli `Sen ~. dRes
es pirveli `Sen ~ _ misTvis uaxloesi RvTaeba _ moyvasi, meore adamiania.
`bevri ram gamoscada adamianma,
zeciurTagan mravals uwoda saxeli,
mas Semdeg, rac saubari varT Cven
da gagoneba ZalgviZs erTmaneTisa.~
ase ambobs holderlini adamianebsa da RmerTebze. magram is saswauli, rom
`saubari varT Cven
da gagoneba ZalgviZs erTmaneTisa~,
adamianTa urTierTobasac exeba.
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1.3 TavSi Cven vnaxeT, adamianSi metyvelebis unari RvTaebriv-zecnobierad rogor
yalibdeba da zecnobieri unaris saxiT mTeli cxovrebis manZilze rogor gvdevs is
Tan. adamianis uSinaganesi arsebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli es saRvTo unari misTvis uRirs
doneze maSin CamoqveiTdeba xolme, roca is informaciis gacvlas emsaxureba, miuxedavad imisa, rom dRevandeli adamiani amas ise iRebs, rogorc raRac TavisTavad gasagebs.
magram enis _ iseve, rogorc werisa da kiTxvis _ zeciur-RvTaebriv warmomavlobaze dedamiwaze mcxovreb xalxTa TiTqmis yvela miTi da tradicia mogviTxrobs. layboba
drois gasayvanad da umniSvnelo sisuleleebis saTqmelad, am poziciidan Tu SevxedavT, iseve arabunebrivia, rogorc laparaki tyuilis saTqmelad, sakuTar ganzraxvaTa dasamalavad, sxva adamianis SecdomaSi Sesayvanad. borotebis udides nawilsac sakuTar Rirsebas adamiani TviTonve daatexs xolme Tavs _ laparakis meSvobiT. es WeSmaritebaa _ roca ena gadagvarebas iwyebs, maSin safrTxe mTel kacobriobas emuqreba.
aqedan gamomdinare, nuRar gagvikvirdeba, rom samSvinvelis higienis erT-erT fundamentur RonisZiebad swor metyvelebaSi varjiSi unda ganvixiloT. araswori
metyveleba yvelaze metad swored mas ayenebs zians, vinc ase metyvelebs. Tu adamianis
yvelaze naTeli, zecnobieri unari misTvis Seuferebel donezea dayvanili, ese igi,
damaxinjebulia da gaukuRmarTebuli, Tuki adamianis metyveleba, misi yvelaze arsebiTi `zena~ unari, borotad gamoiyeneba, maSin misi mSvinvieri cxovreba rogorRa mowesrigdeba? metyveleba aris saSualeba, sxvebs an sakuTar Tavs raime gaagebino. es Sinagan metyvelebasac exeba. `ara Tu piriT Semavali Seaginebs kacsa, aramed piriT gamomavali Seaginebs kacsa~(maTe, 15,11 ). `xolo gamomavali piriT gulisgan gamovals da
igi Seaginebs kacsa. rameTu gulisgan gamovlen gulis sityuani borotni...~ da CamoTvlilia maTi saxeebi (maTe, 15,18;19).
vinaidan saubari cxovrebis nawilia da yvelaze sayovelTao saqmianobaa, amitom
yvelaze sayovelTao higienuri RonisZiebac _ swori metyveleba _ cxovrebaSi, yoveldRiurobaSi unda gatardes. am RonisZiebas marto ver ganvaxorcielebT. is SeiZleba `drois oazisSi~ ganxorcieldes, an mis farglebs gareT, Tuki es vinmesTvis SesaZlebelia. yoveli dRisTvis, Tu im dRisTvis, rodesac varjiSis Catarebas vapirebT,
amis SesaZlebloba, drois is momenti, roca viciT, rom vinmesTan dalaparakeba,
saubris gabma mogviwevs, winaswar unda ganvsazRvroT. varjiSi ramdenime fazisgan Sedgeba, romlebic cal-calkec da erTdrouladac SeiZleba Sesruldes. dasawyisSi, albaT, ufro mizanSewonilia, garemoebaTa mixedviT, mxolod erT fazaSi vivarjiSoT.
mogvianebiT es faza srul varjiSad damontaJdeba.
varjiSis pirveli faza swori mosmenaa. mas SeiZleba swori dumilic ewodos.
vcdilobT, aRviqvaT Tanamosaubre, ese igi, metyveli masSi da ara misi [metyvelebis]
garegnuli saxe, gamovlineba. yuradRebis mipyroba SeZlebisdagvarad sruli unda
iyos. Tavidan azrobrivad varT yuradRebiani, ese igi vcdilobT, im azrebs ki ar avyveT, romlebic sxvisi saubris dros CvenSi rogorc pasuxi, kritika an mowoneba wamotivtivdeba, aramed misi, molaparakis azrebis gaazrebas vcdilobT, roca drodadro
guldasmiT avwon-davwoniT, misive sityvebis meSveobiT namdvilad vugebT Tu ara mosaubres, Cveni fsevdo-interpretaciebis wyalobiT winaaRmdegobebi xom ar Cndeba.
Semdgom isic SegviZlia vcadoT, rom samSvinvelis ufro Rrma SreebiT gavxdeT yuradRebiani _ grZnobiT CavwvdeT molaparakes. am dros yovelgvari simpaTia-antipaTia (maT
Soris spontanuric) unda davadumoT. saqme ara im grZnobebs exeba, romlebsac molaparake aRZravs CemSi, aramed wminda Semecnebiseul grZnobas(Fühlen), romelic am molaparakesTanaa dakavSirebuli, mas exeba iseve, rogorc xelovnebis romelime fenomenis an bunebis suraTis SemTxvevaSi, maTi specifikuri grZnobiTi elferis gancda
rom SegviZlia.
naTqvamis Sinaarsis miReba an uaryofa, kritika Tu sixaruli Sinagan Semxvedr dumilSi unda gavaCumoT. gansja, magaliTad, naTqvamis Tvisebriobis Sesaxeb, CvenSi ar unda wamoiWras. gansja da pasuxis Camoyalibebac laparakis dasrulebis Semdeg miT ufro
swrafad da marjved xdeba, rac ufro fxizlad varT mosmenisas (ese igi molaparakisken rac ufro meti gulisyuriT varT mimarTuli da Cveni sakuTari azrebi Tu dauyovnebeli kritika rac ufro ar gvfantavs).
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rogorc vxedavT, es patara, erTi SexedviT uwyinari RonisZieba swori mosmenisa Tu
dumilisa ioli srulebiTac ar yofila da mTel rig Sinagan Jestebs moiTxovs da
iTvaliswinebs, gansakuTrebiT, Tu mxedvelobaSi imasac miviRebT, rom yuradRebis
warmarTvis aRwerili Jesti arc poza unda iyos da arc daZabulobas unda iwvevdes.
Tavdapirvelad, SesaZloa, poziT dawyeba gardauvalic iyos, magram, Semdeg TandaTanobiT iwyeba Jestis `realizaciaze~ muSaoba, romlis msvlelobaSic poziseuli qreba da namdvili interesiT icvleba. poziseuli rCeba manam, sanam ar viciT, ra unda
vakeToT. daZabulobac dasawyisSi TiTqmis yoveli varjiSis dros iCens Tavs, sagrZnobi sxeulebrivi spazmis saxiTac ki. daZabulobis gaqroba ukve TavisTavadac savarjiSoa. daZabuli varjiSi xom varjiSi ar aris iseve, rogorc SemoqmedebiTi saqmianobaa
daZabul mdgomareobaSi SeuZlebeli. magram, mxolod sxeulebrivi spazmi rom mogvexsnas, es ar kmara. Tu mSvinvieri daZabuloba ar moixsna, maSin am daZabulobis sxeulebrivi formebi isev male iCens Tavs. mSvinvieri spazmi yvelaze ukeT maSin moixsneba,
Tuki yovelgvari `spazmebis~ gareSe bunebis suraTebs warmovidgenT da maTTan Sesisxlxorcebas, maTTan gaigivebas SevecdebiT. aseTi suraTebia, vTqvaT, rogor moZraobs
foToli qarSi, qars ar mihyveba, totze rCeba, magram msubuqad, winaaRmdegobis
gauwevlad, ar uZaliandeba mas; an rogor Zaldautaneblad, msubuqad micuravs gedi
wyalze; rogor minanaobs Rrubeli caze; sul ufro da ufro ixreba Tovlisgan
damZimebuli foToli, sanam Tovli TavisiT, rbilad ar Camocurdeba misgan. umjobesia, Tuki amgvar magaliTebs Tavad gamovZebniT. am savarjiSos Sesrulebisas gansakuTrebiT efeqturi iqneba, Tuki SevamcirebT impulss, mosmenisas xSirad romelic
gvmsWvalavs _ laparakSi maSinve rom verTvebiT da Tanamosaubres sityvas rom vawyvetinebT xolme. ukeTesi iqneba, Tu imasac davafiqsirebT, rom es impulsi moqmedebs.
SemdgomSi es impulsic gaqreba. aseTi `uaris Tqmidan~, `Tavis Sekavebidan~ avtonomiur me-arsebas Zala emateba.
TandaTanobiT Semxvedri dumili negatiuri, uarismTqmeli Jestidan pozitiur,
sxvebisTvis Svebis momtan mSvinvier poziciaSi gadaizrdeba. Cveni Sinagani dumili
ara mxolod Seferxebisa da dabrkolebebis sawinaaRmdegod moqmedebs, aramed metsac
akeTebs: is myudro binas qmnis TanamosaubrisTvis, romelic winaswar grZnobs, rom mas
ugeben da amis gamo ufro laRad da ukeT laparakobs. Cveni mxridan aseTi `daxvedra~,
`Segebeba~ nalaparakebze Tanxmobas iseve naklebad niSnavs, rogorc mis uaryofas.
gageba yovelgvari gansjisgan Tavisufalia da Tavad molaparakesac exmareba sakuTari
Tavis sworad gagebaSi.
albaT, vamCnevT, rom es savarjiSo _ iseve, rogorc momdevno savarjiSoebi, Cvevebis,
qvecnobieris impulsebis sawinaaRmdegod moqmedebs. yovelive, rac cnobierad, gaazrebulad, avtonomiuri me-arsebidan gamomdinare keTdeba, qvecnobierad impulserebuli Cvevebis sapirispiro nakads ganekuTvneba. esaa erT-erTi mizezi imisa, savarjiSoebma mTeli dRe ratom ar unda moicvas (da ver moicavs). isini 10-dan 30 wuTamde
drois monakveTiT unda SemovfargloT. mTeli dRis manZilze maTi zemoqmedeba miT
ufro Zlieri iqneba, savarjiSosTvis gankuTvnili drois monakveTis gareT rac ufro
naklebad vinaRvlebT maTze. am drois monakveTis farglebs gareT uzrunvelad da
laRad vicxovroT. es, ra Tqma unda, imas rodi niSnavs, sul arafers aRar mivaqcioT
yuradReba, rac ki saubarTanaa dakavSirebuli. magaliTad, sxvaTa `araswor laparaks~
yuri ar unda mivugdoT, Tuki amis aucilebloba araa, ese igi, mas ganzrax ar unda mivayuradoT, Tuki is Cven sruliad ar gvexeba. cudi metyveleba mudam cud grZnobebTanaa gadaxlarTuli. adamians swored es izidavs da masSi, rogorc msmenelSi, arahigienur mSvinvier warmonaqmnebs Sobs. jojoxeTis moxilvisas dante daZabuli usmens ori
codvilis virtuozul kinklaobas da amis gamo misi winamZRoli vergiliusi mas jer
arcxvens, magram, Semdeg anugeSebs kidevac (jojoxeTi, XXX):
mxolod imaze ifiqre, rom me mudam Sens siaxloves var,
Tu odesme moxda, rom Sen SemTxvevam migiyvanos iq,
sadac xalxi aseTi kinklaobiTaa garTuli,
rameTu mdabalia survili amdagvaris mosmenisa.
mas Semdeg, rac erTxans swor mosmenaSi vivarjiSebT da ramdenadme aviTvisebT mas,
swori laparakis savarjiSo kidev bevr sxva raimeze uaris TqmiT SeiZleba ganvagrZoT.
yuradReba mivaqcioT imas, rom zedmeti araferi vTqvaT, laparakisTvis ar vilaparakoT. amasTan, ra Tqma unda, Zneli dasadgenia, ra aris zedmeti. amis gasarkvevad isic
SegviZlia, rom saubari mogvianebiT gavaanalizoT. Cven xSirad viCenT midrekilebas,
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laparaki iseT raimeze daviwyoT, ris Tqmazec SegveZlo uari gveTqva. Tuki aseT zedmetobebs SeveleviT, SevamCnevT, rom aseTi `Selevidan~ is Zalebi iRvreba, romelTa
saSualebiT vimecnebT imas, rac naTqvamis miRmaa dafaruli. laqlaqze uaris TqmiT
qvecnobierSi datyvevebuli Zalebi molaparake me-arsebis gankargulebaSi gadadis.
gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mieqces impulsebs cudis, salanZRavis Tqmisa mesame,
iq armyofi adamianis Sesaxeb, misi sisusteebis `ganxilvisa~, rasac misi TandaswrebiT
ar vizamdiT. kargi iqneboda, Tu sakuTar Tavs vkiTxavdiT: Tavad mas vetyodi me amas
Tu ara? da Tavi vaneboT imis Tqmas, rasac am adamians pirSi ar vetyodiT. Tavi vaneboT
misi iq aryofnisas iseTis Tqmasac, risi Tqmac misi TandaswrebiT SegviZlia.
cxadia, aseTi SemoTavazebani dogmatur wesebad ar unda miviRoT. aris SemTxvevebi, roca molaparakes unda SevawyvetinoT, oRond es rbilad, emociis gareSe, emociaTa koriantelis dayenebis gareSe unda movaxerxoT. aris SemTxvevebi, roca maTze unda vilaparakoT, vinc Cvens laparaks ar eswreba. es SeZlebisdagvarad ise unda moxdes,
TiTqos isini Cven gverdiT iyvnen.
rodesac SedarebiT pasiuri mxareebi _ mosmena da zedmet laparakze uaris Tqma _
gavarjiSebulia, maSin movarjiSes SeuZlia pozitiur laparakze gadavides. varjiSis am
nawilis formulireba martivia: mxolod maSin vilaparakoT, roca saTqmeli gvaqvs. maSin aq Tqven aseTi SegrZneba SeiZleba gagiCndeT: savarjiSos es nawilic xom umeteswilad dumilisgan Sedgeba!
marTlac, gana xSirad gvaqvs moyvasisTvis namdvilad saTqmeli raime? es kiTxva
uTuod Seicavs WeSmaritebas. Cven xom ukve vnaxeT, rom mozrdilebi Zalze iSviaTad
iazreben axal rasme. magram swori metyvelebisas axali azrebi mTavari sulac araa.
mTavari, faqtobrivad, saubris Sinaarsi rodia. laparaki yovelTvis vinmes mimarT da
ara vinmesTan erTad laparakia. amitom saubris Sinaarsi da gvaroba im partnioris mixedviT unda `ganisazRvrebodes~, romelsac vesaubrebiT. ase rom, Sinaarsi jer kidev
yvelaferi araa. arsebiTi zogjer is sulac ar aris, magaliTad, im SemTxvevaSi, roca
saubris simZimis centri imazea gadatanili, rom adamians gamovelaparakoT _ saubarSi gamowvevis mizniT, imisTvis, rom man nugeSi povos an adamianTa sazogadoebis
wevrad igrZnos Tavi. TavisTavad cxadia, yovelive es usityvodac, mxolod qceviTac
SeiZleba gamoixatos. sjobs kidec, Tu ase moxdeba. swori metyveleba rodi niSnavs,
rom mxolod sibrZne unda afrqvio, aramed imas, rom naTqvami aqtualuri, situaciis
mixedviT `swori~ iyos. `me SenTvis raRac maqvs saTqmeli~ _ sadac `raRac~ da `SenTvis~
erT mTlianobas qmnis da maTgan erTi, calke aRebuli, ar SeiZleba `swori~ iyos.
xSirad es `raRac~ formulirebadi saerTod ar aris an Znelad formulirebadia.
formulirebaze uari ise advilad ar unda vTqvaT, magram Tu formulireba ar ZalgviZs, metyveleba usityvodac SeiZleba, rac xSirad ukeTesi metyvelebac kia.
Cven sul viRacas velaparakebiT (Rirs amaze dafiqreba). aqedan gamomdinare, laparaki yovelTvis individualuri, mosaubris Sesatyvisi unda iyos. es problema imis
winaSec dgas, vinc, magaliTad, moxsenebas kiTxulobs, oRond, kidev ufro mwvaved: man
xom, umetes SemTxvevaSi, publikis Zalze heterogenuli [mravalmxrivi] xasiaTi unda
gaiTvaliswinos. moxseneba, Tuki is ramdenadme kargi moxsenebaa, aris kidevac saubari.
momxsenebeli unda grZnobdes, rodis ra unda Tqvas. man yuri unda miugdos imas, msmenelebi mis naTqvams rogor aRiqvamen. mas unda SeeZlos dawvrilebiT bevr iseT raimeze SeCerdes, rac misken msmenelebisgan moberavs.
laparakisas momWirneobas sityvaZunwobis pozasTan saerTo araferi aqvs. zedmetad
cota zedmetad bevrze ukeTesi rodia. ilaparake ise, rom partniors gagebis survili aRuZra; ilaparake ise, rom partniori Semdgomi azrovnebisTvis SemarTo _ es,
albaT, sakuTari azris ukeTesad formulirebaa.
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saubari yovelTvis moulodnelobebis, improvizebulis wyaroa da es _ miT ufro
metad, rac ufro kargi saubaria. siurprizebic mas amitom moaqvs. amitomaa saubari
mudmivi varjiSi sulis sifxizleSi, `sulis amJamindelobaSi~(Geistesgegenwart). bevr
adamians swored am Tvisebis mxriv uWirs. `kargi~ pasuxi, rogorc wesi, maSinve ki ar
mosdiT TavSi, aramed xSirad bevrad mogvianebiT, mxolod maSin, roca saubari ukve
damTavrebulia. es cxovrebaSi vis ar mosvlia. pasuxs kiTxvaze, ratom xdeba ase, sakuTar TavSi veZebT da roca Cvens yvela Jests da ganwyobas saubris Semdgom vixsenebT,
SegviZlia davadginoT, rom Cven saubris dros, faqtobrivad, `koreqtulni~ ar viyaviT, Cveni yuradReba gayofili iyo: Temasa da albaT, saubarSi darCenis, misi sworad
warmarTvis, TviTganmtkicebis da ase Semdeg, nebas Soris. ase rom, sisxarte _ is, rom
adamians swori ram saubrisas mosdiodes azrad da ara mogvianebiT _ koncentrirebuli
yuradRebis gavarjiSebiT miiRweva. amis Sesaxeb amave TavSi gveqneba saubari.
arsebobs, ra Tqma unda, cudi saubrebic, romlebSic aseve moulodnelobebs vawydebiT, magram aq am moulodnelobebs sxvisi gacruebis, gabriyvebis xasiaTi aqvs. isini
yovelTvis pirovnuls, pirads umiznebs, aq idealur SinaarsTan ki ara aqvT saqme, aramed am SemTxvevaSi laparaki piradul grZnobebze moqmedebs, pirad interesebs aRviZebs, an maT mobilizacias axdens. amiT saubarSi Semodis elementebi, romlebic saubrisTvis, faqtobrivad, ucxoa, romlebic sityvismieri araa da romelTa mizanic saubris farglebs gareTaa, vinaidan is piradul _ umeteswilad, CvenSi egoistur _ elements umiznebs. bunebrivia, Znelia, saubrisas sworad _ ese igi, saubris pirvelsawyisi bunebidan gamomdinare _ moviqceT. piriqiT, advilia, gabriyvebis mcdelobas
Cvenc aseve _ egoisturobidan gamomdinare _ davuxvdeT. swori pasuxis gacema Zneli
imitomaa, rom `koreqtulobidan~ piradulisken vixrebiT. amitom, Tuki gabriyvebis
mcdelobas winaswar vxvdebiT _ rac arcTu ise xSirad xdeba, radgan xSirad gvacureben _ saukeTeso meTodia, pasuxis gacemamde sakmao pauza gavakeToT. amas gamcurebeli,
umetes SemTxvevaSi, wyobidan gamohyavs, Cven ki SesaZlebloba gveZleva, piraduls Tavi davaRwioT da `koreqtuli~ pasuxi gavceT da Tan gabriyvebis is ganzraxvac gaviTvaliswinoT, romelic Cvens Tanamosaubres hqonda.
Tu me raRac vTqvi da axla mpasuxoben, am pasuxs kvlav Sinagani Semxvedri dumiliT
vusmen. me imasac viTvaliswineb, gamigo Tu ara partniorma da Tu gamigo _ ramdenad.
Tanac iqneb partniors Cemi azrebi Cemze ukeT, ese igi, ufro Rrmad esmis. es is SemTxvevaa, roca me saTqmelis gamoxatvaSi gavarjiSebuli ara var, an kidev _ roca Tanamosaubre gansakuTrebiT kargad icnobs saubris Temas, an me micnobs gansakuTrebiT kargad.
erTxel kidev gavusvaT xazi imas, rom swori metyveleba aris varjiSi. amitom
is drois Semofarglul, winaswar gansazRvrul monakveTSi unda Sesruldes da mTel
dReze ar unda gavrceldes. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, danamdvilebiT SeiZleba iTqvas,
rom mas saWiro intensivoba ar eqneba. mokle, magram intensiuri varjiSi Tavis zemoqmedebas TandaTanobiT mTel dReze ganavrcobs. isic aSkaraa, rom es savarjiSo _ iseve,
rogorc yvela danarCeni _ usasrulod SeiZleba gaRrmavdes. sworad metyvelebisTvis
xom WeSmariteba unda vicode; sworad metyvelebisTvis xom Tanamosaubres unda vicnobde. magram vicnob ki Rrmad WeSmaritebasa da Cems Tanamosaubres? ase rom, es amocana usasruloa; tyuilad rodi ambobs iakob mociquli Tavis werilSi (3,2): `rameTu
friad vscdebiT yovelnive. romeli sityviT ara scdebodis, igi sruli kaci ars, SemZlebel ars igi aRvirasxmad yovlisa guamisa~.
adamianis mTeli cxovreba SeiZleba swori metyveleba iyos. es Soreuli, TiTqosda miuRweveli mizania, magram vinc miuRwevels ar eltvis, is miRwevadsac ver miswvdeba.
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4.3 drois
problema
imedia, mkiTxvelisTvis axla gasagebia, Cveni drois adamianma sakuTari mSvinvieri
higienisTvis ratom unda iRonos raime. es `raime~, es `RonisZieba~, cxadia, rogorc
drois mxriv, iseve intensiurobis TvalsazrisiT, Semofargluli gaxlavT. gana adamians ar SeuZlia, mTeli dRis ganmavlobaSi Tavisi Zvirfasi samSvinveliT iyos dakavebuli? es iseve mcdari iqneboda, rogorc arafris keTeba. es adamians `cxovrebaSi~
Tavisi amocanebidan da movaleobebidan gadaaxvevinebda. amgvari RonisZiebebis masStabebi Tavdapirvelad minimumiT unda SemovfargloT _ Cven xom ase cota dro gvaqvs!
magram, gana es cotaTi sasacilo ar aris? da saerTod, gana es marTalia? Cvens winaprebs
Seudareblad ufro naklebi komforti hqondaT, Seudareblad ufro naklebi
damxmare manqana-iaraRebi _ maT ra, Cvenze meti dro hqondaT? Cven kviraSi or dRes
visvenebT, saaTobrivadac ufro naklebs vmuSaobT. maS, rogorRa gamodis, rom Cven,
miuxedavad amisa, dro ara gvaqvs? sad midis dazogili dro? nuTu mwerali mixael
ende marTals ambobs Tavis wignSi _ `momo~ (axalgazrdebisTvis, moxucebisTvis,
Suaxnis adamianebisTvis), rom Cven dros gvparaven? urigo idea araa, erTxel odesme
gaverkve imaSi, mainc ras vuSvrebiT Cvens dros. aRmoCndeba, rom drois gamoyenebis
TvalsazrisiT Cven maincdamainc kargi meurneebi ar vyofilvarT. Cvens dros rom ukeT
movuaroT, ufro cnobierad unda vicxovroT. es niSnavs, rom saerTod ar mivceT Tavi spontanurobas iseve, rogorc bevr sxva sferoSi ar dagvzarebia raRacis swavla,
magaliTad, Cveni fexebis daufleba _ fexis adgmisas, Cveni xelebisa, roca raimesTvis
xelis Cavlebas an Cvenebas vswavlobdiT, metyvelebis aparatisa, roca enas vidgamdiT.
cxovels yvelaferi instinqturad aqvs boZebuli. patara vefxvs, romelic dabadebidanve Tavisi saxeobis warmomadgenlebisgan gancalkevebiT izrdeba, Semdeg ki Tavis
nebaze uSveben, yvelaferi SeuZlia da praqtikulad akeTebs kidec yvelafers, rac
cxovrebas, komunikacias, dawyvilebas sWirdeba. adamians ki unda gaufrTxilde da
daicva oci, zogjer _ ocdaaTi, ormocdaaTi wlis ganmavlobaSi, vidre igi cxovrebaSi
damoukideblad dgomas SeZlebdes da gamZleobas gamoimuSavebdes.
es individualuri swavlis, cnobieri qmedebis, cxovrebis `mowesrigebis~ aucilebloba, rac dro gadis, sul axal-axal sferoebze vrceldeba, romlebsac adreul
epoqebSi instituciebi marTavda. drois ganawilebasTan dakavSirebiT igive iTqmis.
adamians drois garkveuli monakveTebi esaWiroeba, romelTa ganmavlobaSic igi, erTi
mxriv, Tavisi cxovrebis nirs gadaavlebs Tvals, msjelobs, miznebs daisaxavs, SesaZlo
cvlilebebs mimoixilavs da gaiTvaliswinebs. drois aseT monakveTebs `gadmosaxedebi~
SeiZleba vuwodoT, romelTac yovelwliurad, yovel naxevar weliwadSi, didi dResaswaulebis Jams an TveSi erTxel `vewveviT~ xolme. movlenaTa mciredi winaswari Tu
Semdgomi mimoxilva, Sefaseba, dagegmva, kiTxvis dasma, pasuxis gacema _ ai ras emsaxureba drois es monakveTebi. adamiani Tavisi drois gadanawilebas iwyebs, `savarjiSos~
gakeTebas, samSvinvelisTvis higienuri RonisZiebebis Catarebas gadawyvets, cvlilebebi Seaqvs maTSi. da mainc, erTaderTi RonisZieba, romlis rekomendaciac yvelasTvis
aucilebelia, es swori metyvelebaa, rogorc es 4.2 TavSia aRwerili.
saerTod, kacma rom Tqvas, adamianisTvis bevri aseTi RonisZiebaa saWiro, magram
Tavdapirvelad mas, Tundac `drois ukmarisobis gamo~, mxolod mciredi SeuZlia daisaxos miznad. Cvenda sanugeSod, swrafva romelime erTi cudi `Cvevis~(vTqvaT, araswori an zedmeti laparakis Cvevis) moSlisken TandaTanobiT yvela Cvevas Searyevs,
yvela Cvevaze iqoniebs gavlenas _ iseTebzec, romlebTanac, erTi SexedviT, araferi
aqvs saerTo im Cvevas, romlis daZlevasac (moSlasac) Cveni varjiSi isaxavs miznad.
TandaTanobiT movarjiSe mniSvnelovan gamocdilebas iZens. varjiSi _ magaliTad,
yoveldRe an or dReSi erTxel 15 wT-is ganmavlobaSi swori metyveleba _ dasawyisSi
arasasiamovno ram aris (kidev erTi damatebiTi sirTule cxovrebaSi, romelic isedac
araa ioli!). magram ramdenime xnis Semdeg is amCnevs, rom usiamo SegrZneba qreba da dgeba momenti, roca savarjiSos wyalobiT ufro metad ganvicdiT sixaruls, wminda sixaruls, ara mxolod da ara ZiriTadad mxolod imis gamo, rom varjiSi `kargad gamogvdis~, aramed msgavsad imisa, rac xelovnebaSi xdeba xolme, Tavad Semoqmedeba gvaniWebs
sixaruls. roca Cveni SesaZleblobebi garkveulwilad gaizrdeba, varjiSidan (asea
xelovnebaSi da asevea samSvinvelis higienis sferoSic) kmayofileba da sixaruli
warmodgeba. amis mixedviT isic ki SegviZlia davadginoT, varjiSs sworad vasrulebT
Tu ara. rac Seexeba xans, romelic am momentis dadgomamde unda gamoxdes, is individualurad Zalze gansxvavebulia. aq saqme rom egoistur sixaruls ar exeba, es gancdaSi
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aSkarad gveZleva. savarjiSoSi isic Sedis, rom egoisturi, TviTSemgrZnobi sixarulis
im wminda sixarulisgan garCeva viswavloT, romelic Cveni qmedebiTaa gamowveuli.
roca varjiSisas kmayofilebis grZnoba Cndeba, SegviZlia momdevno RonisZiebazec
vifiqroT. ise ki Tavidanve SeiZleba erTdroulad or RonisZiebas mivmarToT _ Cveni
`drois~, unarisa da saqmis viTarebisda mixedviT. xolo imas, ra RonisZiebas avirCevT _
rogorc meores, aseTi ram gansazRvravs.
Tu yoveldRiurobis msvlelobaSi sizmareuli CarTulobidan gamoviRviZebT,
dagvebadeba kiTxva: `risTvis gvaqvs dro?~ an: `ra aris cxovrebis sazrisi?~ es is
kiTxvebia, romlebze pasuxsac garedan, sxva vinmesgan ver miviReb, radgan nebismier
SemTxvevaSi Tundac am pasuxis gageba da gaazrebaa saWiro imisTvis, rom, Tuki is CemTvis damakmayofilebelia, daveTanxmo mas. magram erTi ram ki SeiZleba iTqvas: iqneb aris
raRac azri imaSi, rom adamiani am didi kiTxvebis siRrmeebSi iWreba, fiqrobs maTze,
cdilobs iswavlos, povos, Seimecnos iseTi ram, rac maTze pasuxis gacemaSi daexmareba.
SesaZloa, isec moxdes, rom, roca aseTi kiTxva wamogveWreba, swored maSin sul sxva ram
gvqondes sakeTebeli _ cxovrebaSi, movaleobis SesrulebaSi, urTierTobebSi viyoT
CarTuli. am SemTxvevaSi gaazrebazec uars vambobT. da mainc, imasaca aqvs mniSvneloba,
rom es kiTxvebi saerTod dgas Cven winaSe, rom Cven maT vatarebT _ Tundac upasuxod.
Tu amiT cxovrebas, sakuTari cxovrebis cnobierad warmarTvas cnobierad viwyebT,
es imas moaswavebs, rom kiTxvas sazrisis Sesaxeb, asea Tu ise, mainc male unda gaeces
pasuxi. adamians Tavis cxovrebaze sakuTari Tavisa da sxvaTa winaSe mxolod amgvarad
SeuZlia pasuxi agos; Tuki raime mizani aqvs dasaxuli, SeuZlia gadasinjos, Tavis dros
_ am miznis Sesabamisad _ sworad anawilebs Tu ara.
erTi ram ki sruliad naTlad unda iTqvas: Tu vinme raime mizans Segnebulad, egoisturobidan gamomdinare isaxavs, mas raime varjiSi da raime RonisZiebebi ver uSvelis. ufro zustad rom gamovTqvaT, saqme mxolod is ki araa, rom obieqturi safuZvlebidan gamomdinare SeuZlebelia misi Svela, aramed avtors ar surs xeli Seuwyos
egoistur mizandasaxulobebs. es obieqturi safuZvlebi ki Cven 3.3 TavSi ganvixileT. egoisturobis princips savsebiT aSkarad mivyavarT brZolisken _ yvela yvelas winaaRmdeg. amas gamocdilebac gviCvenebs. amis xelSewyoba avtors ar surs. amaSi
raime meTodebiTa da mecadineobiT daxmareba xom udides danaSaulTa ricxvs ganekuTvneba, rac ki SeiZleba adamianis mimarT iyos Cadenili. da mainc, yvelgan vrceldeba
xrikebi, RonisZiebebi Tavidan bolomde egoisturi miznebis misaRwevad `saqmeSi~ Tu
`sasiyvarulo~ cxovrebaSi, `sazogadoebaSi~ da ase Semdeg. gadaxedeT Tundac bulvaruli [`yviTeli~] presis mowinave gverdebs! Cven ki gvsurs, rom adamians davexmaroT
da ara adamianis mowinaaRmdeges, romelic adamianSia Casaxlebuli. egoisturoba
adamianis umTavresi daavadebaa da yvela RonisZieba, rac ki aqaa naxsenebi da SemoTavazebuli, ase Tu ise, im mizans emsaxureba, rom egoisturoba davZlioT da xeli SevuwyoT ara egos gancdis, aramed mes gancdis miRwevas. egoisturoba xels uSlis zrdasrul adamians, rom mTeli gulisyuriT mousminos Tanamosaubres _ rogorc bavSvs sCvevia es metyvelebis aTvisebisas, Tu manamde. da vinaidan yoveli RonisZieba da yoveli
savarjiSo imavdroulad koncentrirebul yoveldRiurobaSi varjiSicaa, amitom egoisturobiT nakarnaxevi varjiSi arasdros `gamogviva~.
arsebobs erTi farTod gavrcelebuli sisuste. adamians ar ZaluZs, Tavi mouyaros
sakuTar azrovnebiT Zalebs, ris gamoc is, magaliTad, saubarSi sakmaod `sxarti~ ver
aris. damxmare RonisZieba aq isaa, rom adamiani Seecados, Tavisi azrebiT mis mierve
gansazRvrul Temaze SeCerdes, roca ki mas saamiso `dro~ gauCndeba, magaliTad, roca
sadgurSi Tu kbilis eqimTan uwevs lodini, an kidev matarebliT mgzavrobs, nacvlad
imisa, rom Tavis asociaciebSi CaiZiros, sadac Cven cnobierebaSi, ra ginda, rom ar ireodes, upiratesad ki is, riTac samSvinveli mocemul momentSia dakavebuli. rac Seexeba Temis arCevas, Tema maincdamainc raRac `mniSvnelovani~ ar unda iyos. is adamians
pirovnulad rac ufro naklebad exeba, miT ufro metadaa gamosadegi imisTvis, rom
koncentraciis `kunTovani Zalebi~ vavarjiSoT. roca aseT savarjiSos egoizmidan gamomdinare asruleben _ imisTvis, rom misi meoxebiT diskusiebSi gaimarjvon, nacvlad
imisa, rom kamaTSi simarTlis dacva ukeT SeZlon _ aseTi savarjiSo arasodes gamouvaT,
radgan egoisturi mizandasaxuloba sul mudam gafantvis gamomwvevi iqneba. aq ar SeiZleba gadavwyvitoT: `me amaze ar vifiqreb!~ 5 wuTis ganmavlobaSi nu ifiqrebT... Tundac ... mwvane spiloebze! aba, scadeT!
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TavisTavad cxadia, xSirad `WeSmariteba~ swored Cveni WeSmaritebaa, rac niSnavs,
rom, roca WeSmaritebis obieqtur Rirebulebas arafrad vagdebT, maSin Cven piraduli (vTqvaT, pativmoyvaruli) mizniT varT diskusiaSi Cabmuli. Znelia imis garkveva,
riTi varT am dros dakavebuli: WeSmaritebiT, Tu raRac piraduliT. Cveni erT-erTi
amocana swored isaa, CvenSi amis garCevis unari ganvaviTaroT. egoisturoba SeiZleba
aTasnairi niRbiT mogvevlinos. udidesi brZenic ki ar aris misgan dazRveuli.
sakuTari mSvinvieri cxovrebis misi higienis TvalsazrisiT ageba, ese igi, misi cnobierad ageba gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani amocanaa. yvela es RonisZieba imis mcdelobaa, rom mza adamiani, mSvinvieri cxovrebis Cvevebi, gakvaluli gzebi moiSalos da
aramza, improvizaciis unaris mqone adamiani iSvas, jerovani roli mieniWos mas. mokled rom vTqvaT, vcdilobT, zogi ram davSaloT da realuri subieqti CamovayaliboT, ese igi, sakuTari Tavi TviTgamocdilebamde miviyvanoT, nacvlad TviTganmtkicebisa an `TviTganxorcielebisa~. es ori mcdeloba wonasworobaSi unda iyos, radgan
Cvevebic sayrdenia, droebiTi sayrdeni, romelic adamians esaWiroeba, Tuki namdvili
subieqti (me) sakmaod Zlieri ver aris saimisod, rom sadaveebi mudam xelT epyras. meore mxriv, mes gamaZlierebeli varjiSidan araferi gamogviva, Tuki Cvevebi metismetad Zlieria. aseT SemTxvevaSi im savarjiSoebiT, romlebic yuradRebis koncentracias isaxavs miznad, Cvevis adamiani ufro Zlierdeba. amitom es saSualebebi, varjiSebi yovelTvis am orive amocanas unda swvdebodes. swori metyveleba Tavisi xasiaTiT
orive dasaxuli miznis Sesatyvisad moqmedebs. aRwerili azrovnebiTi savarjiSo mearsebas aZlierebs. SegviZlia sakuTar Tavs xsenebul `gadmosaxedze~ Tu `saTvalTvalo punqtze~ yofnis wuTebSi SevekiTxoT: ra xdeba CemSi, Cems samSvinvelSi Cemi nebis,
Cemi Tanxmobis gareSe? ra xdeba ise, rom Cemi `Tvali~ mas ver Wvrets, an misi ganWvreta
iqneb ar ZalmiZs? simpaTia(`es miyvars~) da antipaTia(`es ar miyvars~), romlebic
azrobrivi dasabuTebis gareSe mTlianad grZnobidan momdinareobs, aseTi Cvevis magaliTebia, romlebic TandaTanobiT, frTxilad unda moiSalos.
Tu vinmes ar gamosdis, mTeli Tavisi azrebi mis mierve winaswar gansazRvruli romelime erTi neitraluri Temisken mimarTos, romlis mimarTac sruliad gulgrilia,
maSin kargi iqneba, pirvel xanebSi yuradRebas aRqmaSi, koncentraciaSi Tu avarjiSebs.
aRqmiTi savarjiSos obieqtad yovelTvis bunebis movlena an sagani unda avirCioT: qva
Tu kristali, landSafti, xe an mcenare, Rrubliani ca an bunebis xmebi, hangebi. savarjiSos arsi isaa, rom raimes zustad daakvirdeT. Cveulebriv, imiT vkmayofildebiT,
rom davadgenT, Tu ra aris aRqmuli sagani, ise, rom am sagans realurad arc ki aRviqvamT. saqme saqmeze rom midges, arc ki SegviZlia es sagani sinamdvilis Sesabamisad warmovidginoT, aramed _ mxolod Sablonurad. Cven viciT, vardi, xe, Rrubeli rogor gamoiyureba. magram, Tuki imas gavacnobierebT, rom bunebaSi savsebiT erTmaneTis msgavsi araferia, rom erTi vardic ki meore vards ar hgavs, arc erTi Rrubeli _ sxva Rrubels (is ki ara, sakuTar Tavsac ki, radgan drois, ganaTebis da ase Semdeg, cvlilebiT
yvelaferi icvleba), mxolod maSinRa mivxvdebiT, aRqmis savarjiSoebi ras gulisxmobs. bevri risame aRqma SeiZleba, rac sityvebiTa da cnebebiT saerTod ver aRiwereba: ferebis, formebis, moZraobebis, musikaluri bgerebis da ase Semdeg. miuxedavad
amisa, Cven am niuansTa danaxva, mosmena, Sexeba Tu ynosva SegviZlia. savarjiSos Catarebisas yuradReba swored am `eniT gamouTqmel~ niuansebs unda mieqces, romlebzec konkretulad fiqri Tu ara, aRqmaSi Zalian zustad `Tvalis gayoleba~ mainc SegviZlia,
radgan aRqma im SemTxvevaSic `cnebiTi saxiT~ xorcieldeba, roca aRqmulisTvis formulirebuli cnebebi gvaklia. aRqmaSi xom araCveulebrivad natifi gansxvavebebis
daWera SegviZlia, miuxedavad imisa, rom am gansxvavebebs sityvierad ver gamovxatavT.
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adamianTa umravlesobas aRqmiTi koncentracia ufro eadvileba, vidre azrebis
mokreba da amis gamo is SeiZleba azrovnebiTi koncentraciisTvis `Sesaval~ savarjiSod miviRoT da pirvel RonisZiebad davsaxoT. davfiqrdeT imaze, bavSvobis asakSi aRqma adamians raoden bevrs aZlevs, mozrdilis aRqmebTan SedarebiT raoden `savsea~ es
aRqmebi da bavSvs aRqmis samyaroSi yvelaferi rogor ainteresebs. mozrdili gulgrilad gverdze Cauvlis xolme imas, rac uSualod misi interesis sagani araa. idumalebiT moculi samyaro, romelic ganuwyvetliv raRac axals gvTavazobs _ ai, es aris
bavSvisTvis is, rac mogvianebiT yoveldRiurobis nacnob, mosawyen dekoraciad iqceva.
aRqmebi bavSvTan cocxalia da zrdasruli adamianis aRqmebisgan Tvisebrivad gansxvavebuli. savarjiSo am dakarguls cotaTi mainc gvibrunebs.
mSvinvier cxovrebaSi sxvadasxva ganwyobileba da `mSvinvieri mdgomareoba~ xelis
SemSlel faqtorebad gvevlineba, romlebic xSirad TiTqosda `safuZvliani~ Cans,
gare mizezebiT gamowveuli, magram zogjer aseT mizezebze ar daiyvaneba. umeteswilad, isini im SemTxvevaSic mxolod moCvenebiTad `safuZvliania~, rodesac, erTi SexedviT, `safuZvliani~ Cans. gare mizezebi Tu xdomilobebi, umetes SemTxvevaSi, mxolod sababia ganwyobilebebisa, grZnobebisa, mdgomareobebisTvis, romlebic ufro
Rrma fesvebidanaa warmomdgari. SiSneulobis (fobiis) mravali saxe, rogorc cnobilia, im SemTxvevaSic ki ar qreba, roca yvela garegani mizezi moxsnilia. adamiani,
umetes SemTxvevaSi, ubralod eZebs `safuZvels~, mizezs Tavisi ganwyobilebebisa da
mSvinvieri mdgomareobebisTvis. aseT `safuZvels~ igi mudam ipovis. mSvinvieri ganwyobilebebi xom (ramdenadac isini TvalSi sacemia) negatiuri xasiaTisaa, negatiuri
grZnobebisTvis ki raime mizezi am qveyanaze yovelTvis moiZebneba. amis tipuri magaliTia Tundac yovelTvis keTilganwyobili Sefi, romelic `erTxelac iqneba da~ marcxena fexze adgeba da ai, iwyeba: daudevrobani, Secdomebi, wyroma, buzRuni. ...adamianebi sakuTari ganwyobilebebis gamo, ra Tqma unda, itanjebian, magram, amave dros, am
negatiuri grZnobebiT kidevac tkbebian. zogierTisTvis yovelRiuri gajavreba _ dakavSirebuli im adamianebis mimarT RvarZlTan, romlebic am gajavrebas `iwveven~ _ iseve mniSvnelovania, rogorc `puri Cveni arsobisa~.
Tu mSvinvieri ganwyobilebebis gareT gatana xdeba, Tuki maTi mizezi gareT proecirdeba, maSin im adamianebSi, romlebic am dros obieqtis, `msxverplis~ rolSi
arian, grZnobiTi cxovrebis Semdgomi negatiuri talRebi azvirTdeba, rac imave adamianze _ am talRaTa `pirvelwyaroze~ _ kvlav ukuqmedebas axdens da ase, ufro da ufro Zlieri rezonansi warmoiSoba. amitom, ukve dieturi TvalsazrisiTac rekomendebulia, negatiuri mSvinvieri ganwyobilebebi gareT SeZlebisdagvarad ar gavitanoT arc Cveni tkbobis mizniT da arc imisTvis, erTgvari `TanagrZnoba~ rom movipovoT.
am grZnobebis gancdaze uaris Tqma (rodesac es cnobierad xdeba) pirveli nabijia, magram pirveli nabijis gadadgmis faqtze ufro mTavari aq isaa, rogor xdeba am nabijis
gadadgma.
ki, SesaZlebelia niRbis gakeTeba, Tavis moCveneba, TiTqos Tavs kargad vgrZnobdeT,
TiTqos kargi xalxi varT: yvelaferi imazea damokidebuli, amas ramdenad srulyofilad viqmT, samSvinveli am dros ramdenad daunawevrebelia. Tuki Cveni mSvinvieri
tkivilis, Sinagani simwris miuxedavad SegviZlia Cveni TanamoZmis problemebi gaviziaroT, davexmaroT mas, nugeSi vceT, vurCioT raime, maSin es `niRabi~ keTilismyofel
zegavlenas moaxdens Cvensave tanjvaze. am `niRabSi~ rac ufro naklebad varT `Sesulni~, miT ufro arabunebrivia is da sazianoc kia CvenTvis. am dros garSemomyofni kidec amboben: gana ukeTesi ar iqneboda, am kacs Tavisi dardi, Tavisi boRma gadmoeRvara,
civi niRbis qveS negatiuri grZnobebi xom ufro Zlierad duRso.
sakuTarma tkivilma sxvaTa grZnobebis mimarT SeiZleba ufro mgrZnobiare gagvxados. isic SesaZlebelia, sakuTarma tkivilma sxvaTa mimarT gulqvad gvaqcios. yvelaze
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Znelad kontrolirebadi _ es sibrazisa da siZulvilis grZnobebia. isev esenia, gareT
yvelaze iolad rom proecirdeba.
zedmet laparakze uaris Tqmas me-arsebisTvis SemecnebiTi Zalebi moaqvs. aq azris
dauyovnebliv gamoTqmaze, agreTve intuiturad mopovebuli codnis Sinagan formulirebaze uaris Tqmaa rekomendebuli. rameTu sityvier formulirebaze uaris
Tqma ifaravs jer kidev cocxals enis mier naadrevi gaxevebisa da TiTqmis gardauvali
STanTqmisgan, radgan enaSi sicocxlis Zafis SenarCuneba mxolod poetebsa da mwerlebs Tu ZaluZT. rogorc wesi, formulirebisas Cveuli warmodgenebisa da gamonaTqvamebis anu naxevrad cnobieri xatebis mimarT Seguebulobas Tavisi gaaqvs.
Cveulebrivi grZnobebi, maT Soris negatiuric, rogoricaa: siZulvili da risxva,
cocxalia; amitomacaa, rom cnobierebis mimarT Zalmosilia. roca es grZnobebi qcevis Tu formulirebis saSualebiT povebs gamoxatulebas, mxolod maSin iZens im formas, romliTac Cven maT vicnobT rogorc siZulvils vinmes mimarT, anda SiSs risame
mimarT; gamoxatvis gareSe ki isini jer kidev sicocxlisunariani da maSasadame, jer
kidev gardaqmnisunarainia. amitom maT srul gancdaze uaris Tqma, garkveulad, axlad gagebulis, axlad wvdomilis cocxlad datovebis analogiuria. amis sawinaaRmdegod CvenSi negatiuri grZnobebiT tkbobis impulsi muSaobs iseve, rogorc negatiuri impulsi tkbobisa im adamianis gaWorviT, romelic saubars ar eswreba. amitom
aris uaris Tqma Zneli da misi fasi mSvinvieri higienis sferoSi am uaris Tqmis gvarobazea Zlier damokidebuli.
aviRoT ori ukiduresi mdgomareoba: erTi, roca vinme Tavis brazs, Tavis ugunebobas axSobs da indiferentul an keTilmosurne niRabs ifarebs, magram es niRabi cariel niRbad rCeba _ garSemomyofni mas SeigrZnoben rogorc cariel formas. negatiuri
grZnobebidan qcevaSi, `gareT~ araferi iRvreba, magram SigniT miT ufro metad duRs
da gadmoduRs yvelaferi. amas didi veraferi Terapiuli Rirebuleba aqvs. meore
SemTxvevaa, roca adamiani niRabs ise Seesisxlxorceba, rom is male niRabi ukve aRarc
aris. am SemTxvevaSi jer kidev cocxali negatiuri Zalebi pozitiur me-Zalebad gardaiqmneba. maSin adamiani garkveul pozicias moipovebs da aqedan gamomdinare, SeeZleba, Tavis ugunebobas, Tavis brazsa da siZulvils ukanac gamoxedos, Soridan Sexedos; isini axla Zalmosilebisgan ganZarcvulni arian.
am meore SemTxvevaSi saidumloeba isaa, rom adamianma raRac unda moimoqmedos.
amitomacaa, rom axali rTuli amocanebi mwuxare, mgloviare adamianebze keTilismyofel, Semamsubuqebel zemoqmedebas axdens. umeteswilad am or ukidures SemTxvevas
Soris raRac saSualos vaRwevT xolme. negatiur mRelvarebaTa CaxSoba bevrs verafers an sulac verafers gvSvelis. iseTi amocanebis gamoZebnam da dayenebam ki, romlebSic intensiurad ZalgviZs Cveni Zalebis, Cveni interesis CaRvra, SeiZleba didad
Seamciros xsenebuli ganwyobilebebisa da mSvinvieri mdgomareobebis Zala.
esaa kargi Tu cudi `mibaZvis~ saidumlo. nimuSs SegviZlia garegnulad mivbaZoT,
`rogor Caaxvela man ...~ da isic SegviZlia, rom mas misi uSinaganesi arsebis wvdomiT
`mivbaZoT~, rogorc amas bavSvi akeTebs, an rogorc Zenis mowafeebi iswrafvian, TavianT moZRvars mibaZon.
zemoTqmulidan Cans, rom Cveuli `rolidan~ gamosvlis da sxva `rolSi~ Sesvlis
yoveli mcdeloba Terapiuli mniSvnelobisaa.
erT-erTi yvelaze gavrcelebuli sisuste es nebelobis sisustea. xSirad codniT
ki viciT, rac unda movimoqmedoT, magram am codnis Sesabamisad ar vmoqmedebT. am
sisustis daZlevas an, yovel SemTxvevaSi, mis Semcirebas metad martivi `savarjiSo~ _
araras keTeba, anu ganzrax arafris keTeba _ emsaxureba. es ase xdeba: ganvizraxavT, rom,
vTqvaT, xval, xelsayrel momentSi, erTidan xuT wuTamde, arara [araferi] vakeToT.
rogor vakeTebT `araras~? vjdebiT an vdgavarT, bolTas vcemT da Tan vfiqrobT: `es
wuTebi imisTvisaa, rom me yovelgvari saqmianobisgan Tavi Semakavebinos. erTaderTi,
rasac me gavakeTeb, isaa, rom raime sruliad fuW qcevas movifiqreb, romelsac araviTari `praqtikuli~ mizani eqneba da romelic, ubralod, Cemi nebidan gamomdinare
SemiZlia ganvaxorcielo~. aseTi qcevaa, magaliTad, rodesac fexsacmlis Tasmebs an
yelsaxvevs jer Sevixsni, Semdeg ki isev Sevikrav, an furcelze raRac figuras, davuSvaT, xuTkuTxeds, davxazav, Semdeg ki mas oTaxSi nabijebiT movxazav, an winaswar gansazRvruli mimarTulebiT wres movxazav. am qcevas warmovidgen, Semdeg ki SemiZlia gadavwyvito, ganvaxorcielo Tu ara is. Tuki misi ganxorcieleba gadavwyvite, maSin kidevac
vakeTeb amas. Tuki gadavwyvite, rom ar ganvaxorcielo, maSin me mas rac SeiZleba detageorg kiulevindi – normaluridan jansaRisken
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lurad warmovidgen. arsebiTi aq isaa, rom es qceva arafriT unda iyos sargeblobis
momtani. ase jer arafris keTebamde mivdivarT, Semdeg SesaZloa, fuWi, zedmeti moqmedebis warmodgenamde, am warmodgenidan ki (iqneb) usargeblo moqmedebis ganxorcielebamdec. es mes gamaZlierebeli savarjiSoa.
am RonisZiebis Semdgomi zogadi principi isaa, rom Cven mier yovelive rac SeiZleba mcire nabijebad unda iyos danawevrebuli da es mcire nabijebi unda gadavdgaT. gansakuTrebiT maSin unda moviqceT ase, roca romelime RonisZieba Tavis mTlianobaSi metad rTulia da ar gamogvdis. es saerTod RonisZiebebs exeba _ erTdroulad
bevri RonisZiebis Sesruleba Tavs ar unda vidoT.
nebis momamZlavrebel am patara RonisZiebaSi garkveul rols fantaziac TamaSobs.
es mniSvnelovania! Cven xom raRac fuWi, zedmeti, raRac usargeblo moqmedeba unda
movifiqroT. fantaziis aseTi moqmedeba ki TavisTavadac ukve `dieturi~ zegavlenis
mqonea. dRevandeli adamiani xom Tavisi cxovrebis formis wyalobiT iZulebulia,
Tavisi fantazia dakninebamde miiyvanos. aqtiuri fantaziis am dakninebis kompensireba
moWarbebuli aRqmebiT, aRqmis maniiT xdeba, rogorc amas telemaniis magaliTze vxedavT. igive xdeba mdare literaturis kiTxvis SemTxvevaSic. rogorc ukve aRvniSneT,
erzaci, `Semcvleli~ moTxovnilebas WeSmaritad verasodes daakmayofilebs da bunebrivia, aseT daukmayofilebel adamians sul ufro intensiuri da sul meti da meti
Semcvleli `esaWiroeba~. Tavad didi da brwyinvale fantastikuri romanebic ki,
rogoricaa tolkienis `beWdebis batoni~, an ukve xsenebuli mixael endes `usasrulo
ambavi~, warmatebas nawilobriv TavianT xasiaTs unda umadlodes. maT mkiTxveli Sehyavs kargi (goeTe, albaT, ityoda _ `zusti~) fantaziis samyaroSi, imaze rom araferi
vTqvaT, rom TavisTavad isini Cinebuli nawarmoebebia. es `eskepizmi~, `uSno~ sinamdvilidan ararealur samyaroSi gaqceva ar gaxlavT, aramed es yvelas mier uyuradRebod
mitovebuli adamianuri unaris, kerZod, fantaziis, sruluflebiani moTxovnilebis
dakmayofilebaa. `usasrulo ambavis~ Temac esaa. is da xelovnebis msgavsi qmnilebebi
(zogierTi Sience Fiction*-romanic) marTla kurnavs da Svelis adamians. maTi aseTi
zemoqmedeba bevradaa imaze damokidebuli, rogor kiTxuloben maT. aq, uwinares
yovlisa, warmodgenis unaris moqmedebis intensivoba igulisxmeba; aseTi romanebi _
Cven aq kvlav xsenebul wignebs vgulisxmobT, romlebic Zalian bevr sruliad uCveulo suraTxatebs Seicavs _ mkiTxvelis fantaziaze imis mixedviT moqmedebs, am suraTxatebs esa Tu is mkiTxveli Tavis Sinagani mzeris winaSe ramdenad daiyenebs, ese
igi, Tavis fantazias ramdenad aamoqmedebs. am dros mkiTxveli rac ufro aqtiuria,
zemoqmedebis xarisxi miT ufro metia. am magaliTze aSkaraa, ramdenad ufro meti
aqtivobaa saWiro kiTxvisas, radios mosmenasTan SedarebiT da ramdenad naklebi _ televizoris yurebisas, radios mosmenasTan SedarebiT. erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi gansxvaveba Teatrsa da kinos Sorisac esaa: filmSi SeiZleba bevri iseTi ram iyos naCvenebi, rac TeatrSi mayureblis fantaziiT unda Seiqmnas. TavisTavad cxadia, `dumilis teqnikis~ meoxebiT filmic SeiZleba aseve ostaturad iyos warmarTuli, oRond
amas iSviaTad Tu vinme akeTebs.
fantaziis amoqmedeba sruliad damoukidebladac SeiZleba _ savarjiSos saxiT. magram am dros asociaciuri fantazia rodi unda avamoqmedoT, riskenac adamians Zlieri midrekileba aqvs. igi naxevrad cnobierad `fantaziorobs~, roca amisTvis `dro
rCeba~. magram es dro, nawilobriv mainc, patara savarjiSoebs unda movaxmaroT, rogoricaa, magaliTad, erT Temaze azrebis koncentracia. es dro fantaziorobisTvisac SeiZleba gamoviyenoT. asociaciuri fantaziorobisas Cvens warmodgenas survilebi,
tkbobis SesaZleblobebi marTavs; zogjer mtanjvel situaciebs, sevdiT aRsavse sura*
[`Sience Fiction~ _ fantastikuri Txzuleba, romelic mecnierul aRmoCenebs an garemo
pirobebis cvlilebebs eyrdnoba; xSirad is sivrceSi mogzaurobas, sxva planetebze cxovrebas
da ase Semdeg, SeiZleba exebodes]
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Tebs, sakuTari ususurobis gamovlinebis SemTxvevebsac warmovidgenT xolme. am wyebaTagan TiToeul suraTze grZnobiTi cxovreba batonobs da warmarTavs mas. es asocireba, romelsac orientacia qvecnobieridan eZleva, Cven mier nasurvebi (`nanebebi~)
fantaziiT unda Seicvalos. am fantazias sul sxvadasxvagvari Temebi SeiZleba mivawodoT: romelime landSaftis, xis, Citis, Rrubliani cis dawvrilebiTi warmodgena; an
kidev iseTi landSaftisa, baRisa an xis Tavisufali warmosaxva, romelic arasodes
gvinaxavs. araa aucilebeli, es uZravi suraTi iyos, masSi SegviZlia moZraoba SevitanoT _ qari, cvalebadi ganaTeba. SeiZleba es iyos adamianebiT, nacnobebiTa Tu ucnobebiT dasaxlebuli scena. mniSvnelovani mxolod erTi ram aris, Cven is arc siamovnebas unda gvaniWebdes da arc usiamovnebas, aramed ufro, ase vTqvaT, `saqmiani~, zusti, arazedapiruli unda iyos. Tuki suraTis warmodgena advilad gamogvdis, maSin am
suraTebis sityvebiT maqsimalurad zustad, srulad gamoxatva SegviZlia vcadoT.
savarjiSoebisa da RonisZiebebisTvis saWiroa dro: bevri ara, imaze gacilebiT naklebi, rasac Cven yoveldRiurad vflangavT. magram, yoveldRiurobidan Cven amisTvis
drois erT patara monakveTs rom gamovyofT, imas rodi niSnavs, rom drois am monakveTis farglebSi viCqaroT. piriqiT, drois es patara monakveTi miT ufro ukeT iqneba
gamoyenebuli, mis farglebSi dasaxul RonisZiebebsa Tu savarjiSoebs rac ufro dinjad ganvaxorcielebT. sidinje Tanamedrove adamianis Cvevebs ewinaaRmdegeba; ase rom,
is Tavad RonisZiebad, savarjiSod unda miviRoT da xSirad igi kidevac unda viswavloT*. fantaziis savarjiSos SemTxvevaSi SevecadoT, is warmovidginoT, rac bunebaSi
nela xdeba: Rrublebis moZraoba, arwivis irao, mzis amosvla. raRac Temis garSemo
azrebis Tavmoyrisas fiqri aCqarebis gareSe unda xdebodes. rac ufro dinjad vazrovnebT, azrovneba miT ufro intensiuri iqneba. swrafi azrovneba neli azrovnebiT moipoveba (rogorc swrafi, Tavdajerebuli TamaSi _ wvrTniT). samSvinvelis higienis yoveli RonisZiebis, yoveli savarjiSos winapiroba dinji qmedebaa.
magram arian adamianebi, romlebic yoveldRiur saqmianobaSi, mTeli Tavisi dRe da
moswreba, saSinlad zantebi arian, magaliTad, is diasaxlisebi, romlebic mTeli dRe
saWmlis damzadebasa da recxva-wmendas undebian, Sedegi ki daxarjul drosa da Zalebs
ar Seesabameba ... maSin, roca sxvebi yvelafer amas Tvalis daxamxamebaSi akeTeben _ sadilic Cinebulia, binac krialebs. saqme isaa, adamiani Tavis saqmianobas ramdenad intensiurad eZleva, anu is ramdenad koncentrirebulia. neli qmedebiT swored es unda viswavloT. magram es neli qmedeba sruli yuradRebiT unda xdebodes da ara ocnebasTan erTad, ara sxva fiqrTan erTad: ese igi, sidinje ara sizantidan da gafantulobidan, aramed _ amaRlebuli aqtivobidan unda momdinareobdes.
mibaZva Signidan _ yvelanairi `TamaSi~, sadac adamiani unda gardaisaxos, raRac
`roli~ unda Seasrulos _ samSvinvelisTvis wamalia. mas samSvinveli kalapotidan
gamohyavs da mis [moqnilobas], Tavisuflebasa da Seguebis unars aZlierebs. amiT sakuTari Cvevebis tyveobac iklebs. ase rom, fantaziorobisas sasargebloa sruliad ucxo
rolis Sesisxlxorceba, oRond _ ara adamianisa. Tu es roli adamianisaa, maSin is, SeZlebisdagvarad, CvenTvis arc simpaTiuri unda iyos da arc antipaTiuri: ubralod,
ucxo unda iyos. SevecadoT, movlenebs, situaciebs, epizodebs ucxo poziciidan
(Tevzis an xvlikis poziciidan) SevxedoT ise, rom Cveni piradi interesebi, grZnobebi,
simpaTiebi araferSi gavrioT. SesaZloa, romelime romanis gmiris rolic aviRoT, magram es `SesaniSnavi pirovneba~, raRac tipi, sqema ar unda iyos, rogoric kriminalur
filmebsa da romanebSi gvxvdeba xolme, aramed araSablonuri xasiaTis mqone piri. Cven
mis am xasiaTs sworad unda CavwvdeT.
sidinjeSi varjiSi, sxvaTa Soris, Wama-smis drosac SeiZleba, yuradRebis koncentracias saWmlis Tu sasmelis gemoze, konsistenciaze, sunze Tu movaxdenT. isic SeiZleba, pirvel lukmebs `moveqceT~ ase _ isini piris RruSi Zalian nela gavataroT da Semdeg Wama Cveulebrivad ganvagrZoT.
*
ix. Georg Kühlewind: Die Diener des Logos, Tavi _ `Die Verlangsamung des Lebens~; Stuttgart 1981.
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Tuki Cven Cveulebrivi cnobierebis adamianis grZnobiT impulsebs davakvirdebiT,
iolia imis SemCneva, rom yvela maTganis SemTxvevaSi subieqti pasiur mdgomareobaSia, anu, ukeT rom vTqvaT, maTi [am grZnobiTi impulsebis] obieqti Tavad subieqti,
adamiani xdeba, isini masze zemoqmedebs; mas ar ZaluZs, isini Tavis nebiT gamoiwvios da
rodesac isini Cndebian, ar ZaluZs, zemoqmedeba Seawyvetinos maT. amitomac Cven im
debulebamde mivediT, rom grZnobaSi improvizeba imgvarad ar SeiZleba, rogorc amas
azrovnebisas unda vakeTebdeT, Tu gvinda, rom marTla vazrovnebdeT. metic, grZnobebi adamians kidevac ubiZgeben pasiurobisken. diax, mxolod aseT SemTxvevaSi iTqmis,
rom isini danamdvilebiT aris gaCenili. amitomaa, rom qmedeba TiTqmis erTaderTi
saSualebaa amgvari grZnobebis sawinaaRmdegod, maT Sesasusteblad Tu dasaZlevad.
SiSi, naRvlianoba, siZulvili, Suri, eWvianoba, pativmoyvareoba, RvarZli _ yvela es
grZnoba swored rom ipyrobs adamians. egoisturi sixarulic amave xasiaTisaa, gansakuTrebiT ki aseTia negatiuri grZnobebi, romlebic cnobierad aravis moupatiJebia.
es yvelaferi qvecnobieridan moedineba. sayovelTaod damkvidrebuli Cvevebis mimarTac igive SeiZleba iTqvas. Cvevebi _ es pasiurobis garkveuli formaa iseve, rogorc
sizarmace da komfortisken swrafva (maTTvis SegveZlo adamianis udidesi vnebebi gvewodebina). swored amave xasiaTisaa crurwmenaTa da dogmaTa ganuxreli mimdevrobac
(iqneba es instituciuri Tu savsebiT piraduli xasiaTisa), swrafva avtoritetisken,
romelsac `aRiareben~ da Semdgom `endobian~ Tu `eyrdnobian~. iseTi Tvisebac ki, rogoricaa sixarbe, romelic xSirad didi aqtivobisken gvibiZgebs, ganicdeba rogorc
iseTi ram, romlis drosac Cven pasiurni varT. kacma rom Tqvas, Cveni medan gamomdinare
rodi gvinda, rom xarbni viyoT.
grZnobis mimarT pasiuroba Cveni drois adamianSi iseTi poziciaa, romelic adreul epoqebSi erTaderTi swori pozicia iyo samyaros metyvelebisadmi, rac maSindel
adamians jer kidev esmoda. adamiani Tavisi laparakiT masSi rac ufro naklebad ereoda, misgan miT ufro wminda da bevr rasme gaigonebda. egoisturobis anu warsulis
cnobierebis CamoyalibebasTan erTad ki pasiuroba upirveles gzad iqca adamianis qcevaSi qvecnobieri impulsebis SesaWrelad.
grZnobaTa mimarT aseTi pasiurobis gamo bevri adamiani itanjeba. es grZnobebi xom
ipyrobs da qelavs mas. amis ukiduresi SemTxveva _ maniakalur-depresiuli daavadeba
_ naTlad gviCvenebs, rom daTrgunulobis, depresiisa da eiforiis met-naklebad
xangrZlivi urTierTmonacvle periodebi garegnuli faqtebiT, xdomilobebiTa Tu
garemoebebiT ki araa ganpirobebuli, aramed maTi fesvebi samSvinvelis pirad cxovrebaSi unda veZioT. es, met-naklebad, `janmrTel~ adamianebsac exeba. maTac da sakuTar
Tavsac xasiaTis cvalebadobas, Wirveulobebs vatyobT. Cven vnaxeT, amis sawinaaRmdegod risi gakeTebac SeiZleba _ pasiurobisgan Tavis daRwevaSi mxolod qmedeba gviSvelis. pirvel rigSi grZnobaTa gamoxatvas, grZnobaTa gamoxatvis formebs, grZnobebis
`gareT gamotanas~ unda daveufloT. uari vTqvaT yovelgvar gazviadebaze, riskenac
midrekilni varT da _ garkveul pirobebSi _ yovelgvar laparakze. unarisa da SesaZleblobebis mixedviT, Tavdapirvelad mxolod drois garkveul monakveTebSi da garkveul viTarebaSi vilaparakoT, Semdeg ki mTel dReze dumili ganvavrcoT. am RonisZiebas safuZveli da miznebi uamravi aqvs. grZnobiT impulsebze yuradRebis miqceva,
maTze yuradRebis gamaxvilebis unari ukve TavisTavad Cveni avtonomiuri arsebis
momZlavrebas niSnavs. grZnobaTa gamoxatulebis Sesusteba an maTze uaris Tqma maT (ese
igi, grZnobebs) saSualebas ar aZlevs, rezonansulad gaZlierdnen. es ki grZnobaTagan
Cveni walekvis safrTxes amcirebs. gareT gamotanaze uaris Tqma SemecnebiT Zalebs
aRviZebs anu, sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, grZnobiT Zalebs kvlav imad aqcevs, ranic arian
isini TavianTi warmomavlobiT: Semmecnebel mgrZnobelobad. amas cotaodeni gavarjiSebis Semdeg SevamCnevT. aseTi uaris Tqma grZnobiT cxovrebas sulac ar aClungebs,
rogorc es Tavidan zogierTebs hgoniaT. piriqiT, aq swored sawinaaRmdego ram xdeba _
mgrZnobeloba izrdeba, grZnobiTi cxovreba ufro intensiuri xdeba. grZnobiTi ferebi TandaTanobiT icvleba. gamWvirvalobis TvalsazrisiT isini ufro sufTa xdeba,
Semdgom ki Cveulebrivi grZnobebis SigniT, maT wiaRSi TandaTan Semmecnebeli mgrZnobeloba viTardeba. Tavdapirvelad ki imas gamovcdiT, rom grZnobis uneblie, `spontanuri~ gamoxatva yovelTvis raRac gazviadebaa da is grZnobis pasiuri gancdis gaZlierebas uwyobs xels. amaze uaris Tqma ki ganmcdel mgrZnobelobas aZlierebs da ara
grZnobis Zalmosilebas, romelic adamians jabnis kidevac.
neitralobis am savarjiSos _ gulgriloba gareT, xolo lagamamodebul grZnobaTa
itensivoba SigniT _ ugrZnoblobasTan, fuye TavdajerebulobasTan Tu Tandayolil
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temperamentTan saerTo araferi aqvs. piriqiT, eseni Tavadaa daavadebebi, romelTa
RonisZiebebiTa da savarjiSoebiT daZlevacaa saWiro. neitraloba, kargi gagebiT, intensiur grZnobiT cxovrebas niSnavs, magram iseTs, romelic gamocdilebaSi gveZleva da ara _ Tavs moxveuls. amitomac SeiZleba, rom is esoden intensiuri iyos.
grZnobiTi cxovrebis gamocda-gagebaa mizani da ara CaxSoba. da arc grZnobaTa adekvaturi gamoxatuleba unda CavaxSoT. Sinagani taqtis gamomuSavebasTan erTad sakuTari Tavis aRzrdas vaxorcielebT da `gansjis unars~ vwafavT _ gansjis unars Tavad
grZnobiT cxovrebaSi da ara mxolod azrovnebiT cxovrebaSi _ romlis saSualebiTac
nel-nela imis SegrZnebas vaxerxebT, gamoxatvisas `adekvaturi~ ra aris da swored am
adekvaturis ganxorcielebas viwyebT.
ugrZnoblobis avadmyofuri mdgomareoba, roca arc tanjvas vgrZnobT da arc siamovnebas, umeteswilad Tavs iCens rogorc reaqcia an rogorc Tavdacva Zlieri grZnobiTi gancdebis winaaRmdeg. magaliTad, dakrZalvisas, rodesac Tundac Zalze sayvareli micvalebulis mimarT adamiani gulgrili xdeba. es mdgomareoba iseve pasiurad
ganicdeba, rogorc grZnobebi. amiT mis xasiaTs da misi gankurnebis gzasac SevicnobT.
raRac unda movimoqmedoT, CvenSi raRac interesi (garkveul pirobebSi _ raRac sulieri interesi) unda gamovaRviZoT, an, vTqvaT, davakvirdeT, romelime mcenaris Canasaxi an kvirti rogor viTardeba da Canaxatebis keTebiT am ganviTarebas mivyveT. sxva
SesaZlebloba aseTia: nebismieri kargi romanidan romelime moqmedi piri aviRoT da
intensiuri yuradRebiT gavadevnoT Tvali mis ganviTarebas. SevecadoT, gavigoT, rogor ukavSirdeba igi imas, rac mis Tavs xdeba. es saqmiani, koreqtuli qmedebis ramdenime magaliTia mxolod. SeiZleba Cveni muSaoba romelime mecnieris, xelovanis Tu
mxedarTmTavris pirovnebas mivuZRvnaT da Tavi movuyaroT yvelafers mis Sesaxeb,
razec ki xeli migviwvdeba. an kidev raime sakiTxis gamorkvevas SevudgeT, rogoricaa,
magaliTad: saidan warmodgeba simboluri xateba gvelisa, romelic sakuTar kuds
kbens? ai, maSin ki grZnobiTi cxovreba, rogorc interesis ganviTarebis Sedegi, sruliad sxva saxes iZens.
grZnobiT cxovrebaSi pasiuroba rom dRevandelobis Sesaferisi aRaraa, sxvadasxva
fenomeniT mJRavndeba. garda avadmyofuri ugrZnoblobisa, kidev met-naklebad cxadad Secnobadi mdgomareoba arsebobs, rodesac adamiani `grZnobis~ gancdis xelsayrel moments eZebs. sanam obieqti Tvalsawierze gamoCndebodes, sanam aRqma Tu warmodgena grZnobis gaRviZebas SeZlebdes, grZnobis forma ukve manamde arsebobs. `siyvarulis~ SemTxvevaSi es xSirad xdeba. es `siyvaruli~ ukve aqaa, ukve iCens Tavs pretenziis, survilis saxiT manamde, sanam im adamians gavicnobT, romelzedac ukve arsebuli
grZnoba gadagvaqvs. aqedan Cans, qvecnobieri impulsi raoden arapirovnulia. wesiT,
xom ase unda iyos _ viRacas Sexvdebi, gaicnob da Segiyvardeba. iseTi grZnobiTi impulsebis SemTxvevaSi, rogoricaa wyroma, siZulvili, SiSi, agreTve _ eWvianoba, igive
xdeba, Cven maTi gancdis xelsayrel SemTxvevebs veZebT. azrovneba, avtonomiuri cnobiereba aq qvecnobiers emsaxureba. am fenomens Zalian xSirad SeiZleba wavawydeT. amaze muSaobaa saWiro, garkveuli RonisZiebebis Catareba, Tuki gvinda, rom adamianoba
SevinarCunoT.
sxva fenomeni, romelsac axla aRvwerT, ufro pozitiuria. adamians, garkveul SemTxvevebSi, cnobieri qmedebis meSveobiT grZnobaze zegavlenis moxdenis unari Seswevs.
magaliTad, ase xdeba, roca adamiani cdilobs, grZnobiT Caswvdes raime axal stils,
romelic mas spontanurad ar `esmis~, romelic ver `atkbobs~ mas. adamians es Zalze
xSirad gamosdis kidec da cnobieri muSaobis wyalobiT aq axali grZnoba ibadeba.
msgavsi ram pedagogebsa da mkurnal-pedagogebs* mosdiT xolme. xSirad maT `rTuli~
bavSvebi ufro SeuyvardebaT xolme mas Semdeg, rac iZulebuli gaxdnen, Zalze intensiurad emuSavaT maTTan. es ki imaze migvaniSnebs, rom grZnobiT cxovrebaSi Tuki improvizeba ar ZalgviZs, pozitiuri grZnobebis gaRviZeba mainc SegviZlia. rac Seexeba
negatiur grZnobebs, isini qvecnobierad ukve windawinve mzaa da umeteswilad, ubralod cnobierad maT warmarTvas vaxdenT obieqtebisken; maSasadame, aq sruliad ar
gvaqvs cvlileba.
pasiurobas da komforts garduvalad sizarmacisken mivyavarT. Tanamedrove adamians gadaaviwyda, ra aris aqtiurobiT, muSaobiT gamowveuli sixaruli. Sroma, rogorc raRac saSineli, cudi ram, romelsac gverds ver auvli da Sroma, rogorc gmi*
[aq anTroposofiis wiaRSi Sobil dargSi _ samkurnalo pedagogikaSi _ moRvaweni igulisxmeba]
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roba, rogorc raRac sagmiro saqme _ ai, am or ukiduresobas Soris, romlebic, principSi, erTsa da imaves amboben, moiZeveba daviwyebuli Jesti: qmedebiT, saqmi-
anobiT gamowveuli sixaruli.
qmedeba, aqtivoba mxolod maSin SeiZleba Seiyvaro, Tuki, ase vTqvaT, mTeli suliTa da guliT iqm rasme. is, rac gayofili, gafantuli interesiT keTdeba, yovelTvis
ganicdeba rogorc tvirTi. dReisTvis bevri profesia ukve imdenad uazro gaxda, rom
adamiani Tavis amocanebs mTeli suliTa da guliT veRar eZleva. aseT SemTxvevaSi man
profesiis garda damatebiT kidev raRac sxva unda akeTos, raRac iseTi, rasac mas
SeuZlia mTlianad misces Tavi.
iseve, rogorc pedagogebma SeiZleba Seiyvaron Znelad aRsazrdeli bavSvebi da
iseve, rogorc SesaZlebelia sakuTari Tavis gawvrTna iseTi xelovnebis `gasagebad~,
romelic CvenSi spontanurad `tkbobas~ ar iwvevs, aseve SeiZleba sakuTari Tavis gawvrTna im mimarTulebiT, rom sakuTar aqtivobaSi, sxeulebriv Tu sulier SromaSi vpovoT kmayofileba da sixaruli. da es aris swored Tanamedrove adamianis erT-erTi
umniSvnelovanesi amocana. garTobis pasiur formas, pasiuri aRqmebis siWarbes _
(televizori!) _ am TvalsazrisiT unda SevxedoT da maSin CvenTvis gasakviri aRar
iqneba is, rom amdeni adamiani (gansakuTrebiT ki axalgazrdoba) unebisyofobas Tu
nebis sisustes racxs Tavis udides problemad. `saidan movipovoT neba? ram SeiZleba
mogvces impulsi nebelobisTvis?~ _ ai, ase JRers umetes SemTxvevaSi maTi kiTxva. am
kiTxvaSi gamoxatulebas povebs ara raRac avadmyofuri ram, aramed zusti diagnozi
ganviTarebis im fazisa, romelSic kacobriobis udidesi nawili amJamad imyofeba.
adamianis nebas dRes marTlac aRar gaaCnia gare wyaroebi, da es _ saukeTeso SemTxvevaSi, rameTu, ramdenadac qmediTia (sakuTari gansjis gverdis avliT) garegani impulsebi, saqme im ZalebTan gvaqvs, romlebic qvecnobieridan modis, an qvecnobiers
eyrdnoba. adre adamians SeeZlo, Tavisi nebelobiTi impulsebi `garedan~ mieRo, mis
gareSe arsebuli sulieri winamZRolobisgan, xolo xandaxan _ Signidanac: inspiraciis
saxiT. dRes ki yvelaferi cnobier gansjasa da gadawyvetilebis cnobierad miRebaze
gaivlis _ an, yovel SemTxvevaSi, ase unda xdebodes.
maSasadame, nebelobiT impulss garedan ver miviRebT. aseTi impulsebis maRaziaSi
an raime sxva dawesebulebaSi SeZena romc SeiZlebodes, axla imas vikiTxavdiT: ki, magram, ra saWiroa? risTvis? risTvis unda wavide iq? risTvis unda viyido, an wamoviRo
raRac navaWri? am situaciis pozitiurad Sefaseba SesaZlebelia da unda SevafasoT
kidec: dRes adamiani Tavad aris erTaderTi wyaro sakuTari nebisa da am nebas igi
mTlianad sakuTar TavSi iviTarebs. nebis Tavisuflebis SesaZleblobis uarmyofelebma, aba, erTi ubralod Sexedon unebisyofo adamians, adamians, romelsac araferi
nebavs. roca adamians araferi nebavs, maSin mxolod misi qvecnobieri impulsebi _ da
maTi meoxebiT adamianis mimarT mtrulad ganwyobili Zalebi _ moqmedeben. is, rac adre garedan Cadebuli, boZebuli impulsi iyo nebelobisa, dRes kiTxvis dasmis unarad
iqca. adrindeli zecnobieri cxovrebiseuli intuicia, romelic am impulss azrsa da
mniSvnelobas aniWebda ise, rom amis Sesaxeb adamianis mxridan kiTxvis dasma saWiro
aRar iyo, dReisTvis daSretilia. is kiTxvis dasmis unaradaa qceuli. iqneba es cnobierad Tu mxolod gulSi _ daismis kiTxva cxovrebis sazrisis Sesaxeb. am kiTxvis cnobierad formulirebis unari _ Tundac sanaxevrod jansaR adamians _ aqvs. kiTxva, romelsac vsvamT, Tavis TavSi ukve Seicavs naxevars pasuxisa: Cven xom ukve viciT, raa
sakiTxavi. is, rac adre boZebuli iyo rogorc imdenad TavisTavadi, cxadi ram, rom
cxovreba masze igeboda _ instituciurad, eklesiis, socialuri kavSirebis, tradiciis meoxebiT _ dRes cocxlobs yovelive amis Sesaxeb kiTxvis dasmis unarSi. xolo is,
davsvamT Tu ara Zireul kiTxvebs, es TiToeuli Cvenganis Tavisuflebis sferoSia.
dResdReobiT adamiani, gare nebelobiTi impulsebis TvalsazrisiT, srul myudroebaSia: am myudroebaSi adamians ZaluZs, ganiviTaros pirveli Canasaxebi raRac iseTisa, rac miseulia, pirveli Canasaxebi, romlebic arsaidan `gamomdinareobs~, vinaidan, ukve arsaidan gamomdinareobs saerTod raime da amaod nurc elis adamiani,
rom msgavsi ram sxvagvarad moxdeba. am situaciis Segneba ukve gardatexas moaswavebs.
es gardatexa ar xdeba, Tu xsenebul impulsTa uqonlobas jerovnad ver Seicnoben, an
Tu mxolod inteleqtualurad ganicdian mas da ara mTeli guliT _ rogorc kacobriobiseul nulovan wertils, romelic adamianis mxridan risame wamowyebis SesaZleblobas iZleva. rac ufro Rrmad da mtkivneulad ganicdeba es, miT ufro metad uaxlovdeba adamiani Tavis gardatexas.
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arafris keTebac arCevania. `ra unda vakeToT?~_ uwinares yovlisa, erTi ram: Tavad
unda SevicnoT is, Tu ra unda vakeToT; amas sxva ver getyviT. es Secnoba intuiciuri unda iyos, radgan yoveldRiur cnobierebas, rogorc Cans, yofierebis sazrisis
ki ara, riyis qvis `sazrisic~ anu funqciac ver Seucvnia. didi kiTxvebi unda davsvaT
da mivsdioT maT, raTa patara kiTxvebze SegveZlos pasuxis gacema. roca romelime
didi kiTxva marTlac gizgizebs CvenSi, maSin is Zalac aris, romelic gzaze dagvayenebs, raTa mivsdioT mas. SeiZleba isec moxdes, rom es gza Tavad iqces sazrisad,
romelic cxovrebis axal safuZvels Sobs.
platonis dialogebSi mocemuli gvaqvs sokrates ganumeorebeli adamianuri iersaxe. misi meTodi adamianTa ganswavlisa da azrovnebis aRZvrisa isaa, rom is gamudmebiT
kiTxvebs usvams maT. is didi ostatia, pirvelsaxe da winamorbedi im adamianisa, romelic Semcnobi samSvinvelis epoqaSi, ese igi, dRes, aviTarebs kiTxvis dasmis unars,
rogorc sayovelTao, sazogado unars: es aris misi Rirseba, misi Rirseba kiTxvis
dasmisa _ sokrates mier sakuTari cxovrebiT nimuSad naCvenebi da danergili.
swori kiTxvis dasma swori metyvelebis savarjiSos ganekuTvneba, raSic platonis
dialogebi gvarwmunebs. kiTxvis dasma samSvinvelis `me~-smieri Jestia, aqtivobaa, romelsac ar SeiZleba sxva wyaro hqondes, Tu ara me. Cvens droSi, roca es Jesti sayovelTaod aqtualuri xdeba, imavdroulad gaugonari masStabebiT iCens Tavs swored
misi sapirispiro ram: raRac sxvaze dayrdnoba, rwmena avtoritetebisa, crurwmena
(xSirad `mecnierulobis~ samosSi gaxveuli), swrafva dogmebisken, romlebic `ueWvelia~. yovelive es pasiurobis kults ganekuTvneba da mcdelobaa, SeZlebisdagvarad
moveridoT sakuTari Tavis `Sewuxebas~. adamianebs sjeraT, rom mniSvnelovan sakiTxebSi viRaca rCevebs miscems da amiT Tavs daaRweven gadawyvetilebis damoukideblad miRebis aucileblobas, arCevansa da pasuxismgeblobas, aseve _ SemecnebiT muSaobasac. is
ki aviwydebaT, Tavad mrCevels rom irCeven, mis rCevas eTanxmebian an ukuagdeben _ rom
pasuxismgeblobas verasgziT gaeqcevi, veranairi manevrebiT ver auvli gverds sakuTari arCevanis gakeTebas verc bedisweris da verc mSvinvieri Tu sulieri cxovrebis sakiTxebSi. mniSvnelovan kiTxvebs xelidan ver dausxltebi. is, rac sxeulis SemTxvevaSi sruliad gamarTlebulia (magaliTad, eqims rom davekiTxoT), samSvinvelisa da
sulis SemTxvevaSi _ romlebic adamianis SesaZlo Tavisuflebis sferoebia da sadac
adamiani arsebiTad avtonomiuria _ codva da cdomilebaa.
rodesac garkveul cxovrebiseul situaciaSi, raime gadawyvetilebis miRebis win
mkiTxavs, naTelmxilvels, astrologs, grafologs mimarTaven, es Jesti amgvarad SeiZleba gadmoiTargmnos: `me mivdivar cnobaTa biuroSi, sadac metyvian, vin var me da ra
minda~.
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sakuTari Tavi Cven mza produqti gvgonia, romlis Sesaxebac gareT myofma SeiZleba
icodes, Tu rogor midis saqme. dRevandel, es-esaa dawyebul aqtivobaze xels viRebT
da Tanac viviwyebT imas, rom es ukve gadawyvetilebaa _ da sxvaTa Soris, ukanaskneli _
rodesac aseT `cnobaTa biuroebs~ mivmarTavT. es saqcieli niSnavs, rom Cven ufro metad imas vafasebT, rac CvenSi mzaa _ ese igi, warsuls, vidre SesaZlo aqtvobas, sakuTar Semecnebas, axals, improvizebuls, axali situaciebis SesaZleblobas. es naxevrad
Tavisufal, mofarfate ZalTa sferoa (T.3.5.), romlebic Cveni amgvari poziciiT _ es
poziciac xom ukve maTi zegavlenis gamoxatulebaa _ ufro Zlierdeba. es Jesti
winaaRmdegobrivia: Cven xom arCevans vakeTebT _ magram swored amas ver vamCnevT. amiT
ki sxva iseT gavlenebsac vuxsniT kars, romlebic adamianze amgvari Zalebis wyalobiT
zemoqmedebs.
ra Tqma unda, yovelTvisaa SesaZlebeli, vinmes rCeva hkiTxo, an `eqsperts~ moeTaTbiro. magram am dros Segnebuli unda gvqondes, rom am SemTxvevaSic Tavad viRebT
gadawyvetilebas da pasuxismgebelni varT masze. maSin sakuTar Tavs aseTi kiTxva
davusvaT: gana ufro advilia, gadawyvito, visgan miiRo rCeva, vis aqvs `ufleba~ rCevis micemisa, vin aris saimedo eqsperti (aba, saidan unda vicode me es?), vidre is,
rom sakuTari saqme Tavad gadawyvito da es gadawyvetileba Tavad daasabuTo?
4.4
TviTganxorcieleba Tu TviTSemecneba?
mes gancdis problema
Cven mier xsenebuli `cnobaTa biuro~, sadac cnobebs viRebT sakuTari Tavis Sesaxeb, erTi mxriv, pasiurobis simptomia, xolo meore mxriv, TviTdaurwmuneblobisa, im TvalsazrisiT, rom ar gvjera, Tavad rom SegviZlia sakuTari problemebis
gadaWra. araerTgzis gvqonia saubari irealur TviTgamocdilebazec, romelic aris
mizezi TviTdaurwmuneblobisa da TviTdajerebulobis naklebobisa, romlis kompensaciasac adamiani TviTdamkvidrebiT da warmatebaze nadirobiT axdens. yvela mSvinvieri problemis wyaro, faqtobrivad, esaa. da oldoz haqsli swored saqmis arss swvdeba, rodesac wers: `rom vicode, vin var me, aRar moviqceodi imgvarad, rogoric me var,
Cemi azriT; da rom SemeZlos, aRar moviqce ise, rogoric me var, Cemis azriT, mecodineboda, Tu vin var me~.
SeimCneva sakuTar TavSi Caketiloba, romlis safuZvelic isaa, rom cnobierad,
Cveulebriv, me mxolod isa var, vinc ama Tu im saqciels sCadis da vinc sakuTari Tavi
unda Seimecnos; aq ki SeiZleba kacma ikiTxos: ki magram, vin vis imecnebs?
gansjam SeiZleba migvaxvedros (imedia, amis mixvedraSi Cemi wvlilic urevia), rom
egoisturoba arapraqtikuli ram aris, imaze rom araferi vTqvaT, rom is adamianisTvis
Seuferebeli ramaa. magram, samwuxarod, amis mixvedra jer kidev sruliadac ar niSnavs
imas, rom egoisturoba davZlieT. egoisturoba xom gansjiT arc warmoSobila. is savsebiT iracionaluria da qvecnobieridan ikvebeba. egoisturi cnobiereba ki _ es Cveulebrivi yoveldRiuri cnobierebaa, romelsac Cven warsulis cnobierebac vuwodeT. amitomaa Zneli, xSirad sabedisweroc, roca es cnobiereba warmodgenebs iqmnis
imaze, Tu ra moxdeba, rodesac egoisturoba daZleuli eqneba. egoistur mSvinvier
mdgomareobas ar ZaluZs, rom warmodgena Seiqmnas araegoisturobaze, amis Sesaxeb ideebis miReba ki SeuZlia _ intuiciis unari xom egoistur yoveldRiur cnobierebaSic SeiZleba funqciobdes, yovelgvari xelisSemSleli faqtorebisgan damoukideblad, SemTxvevis Sesabamisad, iseve, rogorc warsulis cnobierebis doneze yvela
SemecnebiT funqcias SeuZlia normalurad moqmedeba. maTi funqcionireba zena, zecnobieri doneebidan SinaarsTa qvemoT CamotaniT gamoixateba, am SinaarsTa cnobierad
gancdis gareSe.
SemecnebiTi Zalebis normalur qmedebas xels uSlis mSvinvieri formebis qvecnobieri dinamika da naxevrad Tavisufali, mofarfate Zalebis TviTmgrZnobi xasiaTi,
rac samSvinvelis, cnobierebis ierarqiuli struqturis amotrialebas axdens: cnobierebis Sinaarsebi da moZraobebi zemodan qvemoT ki araa mimarTuli, aramed _ piriqiT.
daavadebaTa gankurneba kanonieri struqturis aRdgenaa: maSin ukve samSvinveli
SemecnebaSi _ azrovnebaSi da gansakuTrebiT aRqmaSi _ Tavisi jansaRi wesis Sesabamisad
funqciobs; amitomac aRmdgeni RonisZiebebi es koncentrirebuli _ SeZlebisdagvarad
Seuferxebeli da zusti _ moqmedebaa SemecnebiTi funqciebisa.
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me-arsebis realoba warsulis cnobierebiT ver ganicdeba. amitom cnobierebis am
safexurisTvis imTaviTve TviTdajerebulobis naklebobaa damaxasiaTebeli; es pirdapir iCens Tavs, egreT wodebul, arasrulfasovnebis gancdaSi. iseve, rogorc TiTqmis
yvela sakuTar Tavze mimarTul gancdasa Tu grZnobas, masac ar gaaCnia garegnuli
mizezi da misi namdvilad gankurneba garegani warmatebis gancdebiT SeuZlebelia. mas
realuri mizezi aqvs, romelsac umetes SemTxvevaSi Zalze cota ram aqvs saerTo
imasTan, Tu ras miaRwia, an ver miaRwia adamianma `cxovrebaSi~. Sinagani mizezia zecnobieri msjeloba aseT gansxvavebaze: ra SemeZlo vyofiliyavi da ra var; ra SesaZleblobebi maqvs da ras vaxorcieleb maTgan. TiTqmis yvela adamiani Tavisi mSvinvier-sulieri unar-SesaZleblobebis mimarT `valSia~. esaa WeSmariti mizezi yovelgvari
arasrulfasovnebis gancdisa da sakuTari TaviT ukmayofilebisa. fsiqologia
warmatebis gancdebs xSirad rekomendacias rom uwevs, rogorc gankurnebis saSualebas, es simptomuri mkurnalobaa, romelic, rogorc cnobilia, kvlav da kvlav unda
iyos ganmeorebuli. misi mizani samSvinvelis WeSmariti situaciis dafarvaa, romelzec warmodgenac ara aqvT xolme. adamians fsiqologiuri rCevis gareSec didi midrekileba aqvs dafarvisken. TviTganmtkicebis Ziebam SeiZleba agresiuli formebi miiRos, SeiZleba siZulvilis grZnobaTa kultadac iqces, SeiZleba warmoSvas intrigani, matyuara, Tavxedi an paTologiurad eWviani adamiani. `sasceno mRelvarebac~ am
simptomTa rigs ganekuTvneba. yovel morig warumateblobasa da `frustracias~ ufro
da ufro meti ukmayofileba moaqvs CvenTvis. SiSneul mdgomareobebs mravalgvari meoradi mizezi SeiZleba hqondes, magram arsebiTad maTi mizezi yofnaSi(Sein) daurwmuneblobaa. `mizezebis~ gauCinarebasTan erTad nebimieri saxis irealuri SiSi verafriT gaqarwyldeba, radgan namdvili mizezi Sinagani daurwmuneblobaa.
am simptomebTan pirdapiri brZola Znelia. koncentrirebulni, seriozulni, kargebi da Wkvianebi marto imis warmodgeniT rodi gavxdebiT, Tu rogor gamoiyureba raime konkretuli varjiSi koncentrirebul azrovnebaSi da aRqmaSi; an imiT, rom raRacas seriozulad vakeTebT; rom kargi ram keTdeba, rom Cveni Wkua _ Sesabamisi problemebis gacnobierebis mxriv _ swavlis meoxebiT matulobs.
TviTdarwmunebulobis nakleboba sinamdvileSi imis niSania, rom cudadaa im kacis
saqme, visac es rwmena unda hqonoda da vis mimarTac mas es rwmena unda hqonoda. es
ori piri erTia. safuZvlian, principul daxmarebas `warmatebebi~ da mokvaraxWinebuli saqmeebi rodi gviweven (Tumca droebiT isini SeiZleba ganmkurnebelnic ki aRmoCndnen), aramed jerovani ganviTareba im WeSmariti TviTgamocdilebisa, romelic yoveldRiur cnobierebaSi ar gveZleva.
`TviTganxorcielebaze~ laparakis nacvlad, pirvel rigSi, jer is unda aRvzardoT, vinc Tavis Tavs ganaxorcielebs. da Tu es marTla moxdeba, maSin
TviTganxorcielebac Sedgeba _ yovelgvari garegnuli qmedebisgan, warmatebisa Tu
aRiarebisgan damoukideblad. visac TviTganxorcieleba gagebuli aqvs rogorc gareT
mimarTuli, is sxvaTa gansjazea damokidebuli da mudam ase iqneba, ese igi, is `TviTganxorcielebulia~ im zomiT, ramdenadac mas aRiareben. es ki, cxadia, mxolod moCvenebiTi TviTganxorcielebaa.
yvela aqamde xsenebuli RonisZieba Tu savarjiSo, swored am gagebiT, namdvil
`TviTganxorcielebas~ emsaxureba. aseTi `TviTganxorcieleba~ imavdroulad jerovani TviTSemecnebacaa. TviTSemecnebas imiT rodi mivaRwevT, Tuki ubralod CavufiqrdebiT da mimovixilavT sakuTar sisusteebs, naklovanebebs, Secdomebs; radgan is, vinc
sruli uflebamosilebiT SeZlebda, damoukideblad, avtonomiurad ganexila da
Seecno yovelive es, jer kidev ar aris sakmarisad myofi, aq arsebuli, mas jer kidev
sakmarisad ver ganusxvavebia da gamouyvia sakuTari Tavi Tavisi ganxilvis obieqtisgan.
aq mocemul savarjiSoebsa da RonisZiebebs adamianSi avtonomiurad Semmecneblis swored aseTi gamoyofisken mivyavarT.
TviTSemecneba rodi niSnavs, rom vaxdenT Semecnebas raRac statikurisa, raRac
iseTisa, rac aris. vis mier unda viyo `me~ Secnobili? TviTSemecneba SesaZlebelia,
rodesac subieqti, adamiani xdeba Semmecnebeli, ese igi, roca is sakuTar Tavs Seicnobs rogorc Semmecnebels da ara rogorc Semecnebul visme an, miT umetes, Semecnebul rasme. aseTi Semecneba SesaZlebelia mxolod koncentrirebuli SemecnebiTi
aqtivobis an koncentrirebuli Sinagani qmedebis SemTxvevaSi, rogorc es, magaliTad,
qvemoT, pirvel savarjiSoSia aRwerili. gadamwyveti aq is aris, rom avtonomiuri mearsebis aqtivoba ise Zlierdeba, iseve Zlier ganicdeba, rogorc SegrZnebiTi aRqmegeorg kiulevindi – normaluridan jansaRisken
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bia. SemecnebiTi moqmedebis Sedegi iqneba es Tu nebelobiTi moqmedebisa, es damokidebulia imaze, Tu individualurad romeli am qmedebaTagania iseTi, romlis sasurvel
intensivobamde gaZlierebac SesaZlebelia. gajansaRebisa da Semdgomi ganviTarebisken
mimavali sayovelTao gza isaa, rom adamiani _ me-arsebis Zlieri mxareebis meSveobiT _
am me-arsebis iqamde miyvanas cdilobs, rom man sakuTari Tavi TviTgamocdilebiT Seicnos rogorc Semmecnebeli arseba. Tu es avtonomiuri instancia gamoRviZebuli da
gaZlierebulia, maSin am instancias Tavisi siZlieridan gamomdinare SeuZlia: SeamCnios susti adgilebi, mimoixilos isini, daakvirdes maTs xelisSemSlel Tu gamfantvel
qmediTobas da Semdeg arapirdapiri damSleli savarjiSoebiT Zala gamoacalos maT.
momdevno savarjiSo aris pozitiuroba. es savarjiSo ufro rTulia, vinaidan mTeli rigi sxvadasxva nawilisgan Sedgeba. yoveldRiurad Cven vxvdebiT movlenebs, faqtebs, adamianebs, situaciebs, romlebsac negatiurad vafasebT Tu SevigrZnobT. magram
xSirad xdeba, movlenebi Tavdapirvelad savsebiT negatiuri rom gvgonia, mogvianebiT
pozitiuri aRmoCndeba. `savarjiSo~ (faqtobrivad, es keTilgonivruli, praqtikuli
qmedebaa) ori nabijisgan Sedgeba. pirveli isaa, rom vcdilobT, xdomilobebSi, adamianebSi, situaciebSi raRac pozitiuri aRmovaCinoT. es `aRmoCena~ Semecneba unda
iyos. aq saqme nebismier SemTxvevaSi imas ar exeba, rom Savi TeTrad davinaxoT, boroti
keTilad gamovacxadoT _ es savarjiSo ki ara, iluzia an Tavis motyueba iqneboda.
pozitiuri Secnobili unda iyos _ esaa savarjiSos arsi. Tuki amJamad pozitiurs verafers vxedavT _ rac advili SesaZlebelia _ maSin pozitiuris ganviTarebis realuri SesaZleblobebi unda daviyenoT Tvalwin. amasTan, uari unda vTqvaT yovelgvar fantaziorobaze: Tvalwin unda gvqondes Cven mier Secnobili amJamad arsebuli
safuZvlebi, monacemebi am pozitiurisa; unda moveridoT usafuZvlo hipoTezebis
daSvebas. aq Cans am savarjiSos kompleqsuroba: erTsa da imave dros saWiroa dakvirvebuli `Tvalic~ da gansxvavebis maxvili unaric, raTa realurad SesaZlebeli ram
iluziebisgan ganvasxvaoT _ rac zogjer arcTu ise ioli amocanaa.
amocanis pirveli naxevari Tu gamogvdis, maSin SeiZleba is praqtikuladac gavataroT. xdomilobebisa Tu situaciebis mimarT es niSnavs, rom Cven SesaZlo cudisgan Tu
borotisgan raRac kargis Seqmnas vcdilobT. zogadad rom vTqvaT: mocemulobebiT
vswavlobT. yvelaze umjobesi iqneba, Tu am varjiSs aseTnairad mivudgebiT: vcdilobT
`ara-kargs~ Tvali mivadevnoT mis Rrma fesvebamde CvenSi. kiTxvas aseTi saxe eqneba:
faqtobrivad rodis daiwyo gansaxilveli ambavi Tu situacia? mis saTaveebs gasaocrad Sors SeiZleba CavyveT. Semdeg momavals mivapyrobT mzeras: rogor SeiZleba
ganvaxorcieloT is, rac Secnobili pozitiuria? SegaxsenebT, rom aq saqme savarjiSos
exeba, ese igi, calkeul situaciebsa Tu xdomilobebs; mTeli cxovrebis ase gamokvlevisa da amisda mixedviT `awyobisTvis~ adamians iSviaTad, rom Zala eyos _ aq xom
Rrma SemecnebasTan gvaqvs saqme. magram calkeuli SemTxvevac _ Tuki mas am savarjiSos
Sesabamisad mivudgebiT _ Cveni cxovrebis mTel msvlelobaze maformireblad imoqmedebs.
aSkaraa, rom es bolo savarjiSo Zalian bevrs moiTxovs: uwinares yovlisa, TiTqosda advilad mosaxelTebeli gansja _ `pozitiur~-`negatiurisa~ _ sinamdvileSi udidesi problema gaxlavT; amis ukan xom cnobierebiT metad Tu naklebad ganmsWvaluli
msoflmxedveloba dgas. da droTa ganmavlobaSi es msoflmxedvelobac SeiZleba Seicvalos. pirvel rigSi ki saqme imas exeba, am savarjiSos meoxebiT cxovrebis calkeul
movlenebSi garkveuli Tanmimdevroba SevitanoT.
profesia dReisTvis xSirad aris problemaTa wyaro, sxvaTa Soris _ mSvinvieri
problemebisac. dRes _ gansakuTrebiT, axalgazrdebSi _ Zalze iSviaTad Tu Sexvdebi
adamians, romelsac aSkarad raRac `mowodeba~ aqvs*, raRac erT garkveul profesiaSi
rom egonos Tavisi Tavi bevrad ufro niWieri, vidre sxvaSi. ra Tqma unda, arian adamianebi, mxolod pianistoba rom exerxebaT an mxolod eqimoba, magram umravlesobas SeuZlia aseve manqanaTmSenebeli inJineric gaxdes da maswavlebelic, anda bankis moxele, an Tundac sportuli saqonliT movaWre. dRes niWi araa ise specifikuri, midrekileba cxovrebis romelime erTi sarbielisken araa ise gamokveTili, rogorc es
Zvel TaobebSi iyo. amitomaa profesiis arCeva Zneli. meore mxriv ki, isic iSviaTia,
Tavis profesiaSi kaci kmayofilebas rom povebdes. adamians profesia aRar uyvars.
amis gamo interesi finansur Tu sazogadoebriv warmatebaze gadadis da daukmayofi*
[germanulSi erTi Ziri aqvT sityvebs `profesia~(Beruf) da `mowodeba~(Berufung)]
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lebloba ZalaSi rCeba: cxovrebas profesia aRar avsebs. amas erTvis isic, rom dRes
adamians gacilebiT meti Tavisufali dros aqvs, magram umetes SemTxvevaSi man ar icis,
ra uyos am dros. amitom imden rasme gegmavs, rom es droc siCqaresa da mousvenrobaSi
gadis.
raki profesiis arCeva Znelia, raki romelime profesiisadmi specifikuri midrekileba ar gagvaCnia, anda dakavebulni varT profesiiT, romelic ver, an sul ar gvakmayofilebs _ da arc is viciT, sxva romeli profesia iqneboda CvenTvis ufro Sesaferisi _
maSin ukve droa, cxovrebis simZimis centri sxva raimeze gadavitanoT da dakmayofileba sxva sferoSi veZioT. esaa imis mizezi, ratom aris esoden gavrcelebuli sxvadasxva hobi.
vinc Sesaferis profesias ver poulobs, naklebad srulfasovani xalxi rodia. maT
udavod aqvT raRac interesi, oRond es interesi umetes SemTxvevaSi dafarulia. maT
Tavad ar ZaluZT misi formulireba, did `siaSiac~ isini Zneli aRmosaCenia. erTi
mxriv, mocemul pirT ar ZaluZT amis Secnoba, meore mxriv, Secnoba imisa, rac `saqmosnobis~ morevSi saqmosnoba araa, Znelia. cxovrebis tradiciuli sayrdenebisa da wesebis Seryevis gamo adamianebi TviTdaurwmunebelni gaxdnen. Tuki CemSi mwveli daurwmuneblobaa _ Tu ra aris sazrisi yovelivesi? _ rogorRa SeuZlia profesias, srulad
aRmavsos me? adre amgvari sakiTxebiT mxolod `rCeulni~ iyvnen dakavebulni. dRes
Zalian bevrni arian `rCeulni~, oRond araferi ician amis Sesaxeb. cnobierebis ganviTareba, Tavisi pozitiuri da negatiuri SedegebiTurT, gansakuTrebiT Zlierad ganxorcielda TeTrkanian adamianebSi. bevri adamiania amgvari sakiTxebiT dainteresebuli. idealuri iqneboda, hobis nacvlad, Tavisufal dros aseTi sakiTxebiT viyoT jerovnad dakavebulni. es sakiTxebi realuri TviTSemecnebis meore mxarea da TavianTi
wvlili Seaqvs masSi. maTi ganxilviT sakacobrio Tu Cvens pirad situacias ukeT CavwvdebiT da TviTgamocdilebamde mivalT: sakuTar Tavs SevicnobT rogorc Semmecnebels, riTac yovelgvar daurwmuneblobas davZlevT. maSin TavisTavad yvelaze naklebad damakmayofilebeli profesiac ki gagvitacebs, TviTdamkvidrebisa Tu sxva gverdiTi miznebis gareSec. kargia, rodesac adamiani kmayofilia profesiiT. magram Tu es
kmayofileba seriozul profesiul saqmianobas (mkurnalobas _ eqimis SemTxvevaSi,
swavlebas _ maswavleblis SemTxvevaSi, fexsacmlis kargi xarisxis miRwevas _ mewaRis
SemTxvevaSi) ki ar ukavSirdeba, aramed _ `warmatebas~, maSin samuSaos xarisxi jerovani
araa. cnobilia SemTxvevebi, roca warmateba da muSaobis xarisxi erTmaneTs ar Seesatyviseba. adamianebma, romlebic aq davaxasiaTeT, droa, sayovelTao-adamianur sakiTxebs mohkidon xeli: vin aris adamiani? ra aris bediswera? ras niSnavs samyaros ganviTareba? ra aris suli? anda _ ra aris ena? amis gamo maTi profesiuli saqmianoba rodi gauaresdeba, aramed _ piriqiT.
Sejamebis mizniT SeiZleba iTqvas: nu gaakeTebT metismetad bevr savarjiSos, nu
CaatarebT metismetad bevr RonisZiebas, garda zogadisa _ swori metyvelebis daufleba da didi-didi, kidev ori sxva. TumcaRa, udavod bevri sisusteebi geqnebaT, aRwerilTagan bevri ram SegiZliaT (an ar SegiZliaT) SeicnoT sakuTar Tavze, magram mTavari savarjiSoebis ricxvi ki araa, aramed intensivoba, koncentrirebuloba im mcireodeni savarjiSoebis farglebSi, romlebsac akeTebT. arsebiTad, adamiani yvela sisustisgan SeiZleba gaTavisufldes.
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4.5
me da Sen
adamianis warsuliseuli cnobiereba dRes egoisturi cnobierebaa. egoisturi
cnobierebis gamo adamiani Sinagani martoobisTvisaa ganwiruli, radganac erTad ,
raRac erTobaSi mxolod iseTi arsebebi SeiZleba iyvnen, romlebic amJamindeli cnobierebiT cxovroben da TavianT erTobas am cnobierebis `wesebis~ Tanaxmad ayalibeben. Sinagani martooba ki niSnavs, rom adamiani martoobas TavisTavSi atarebs. amaoa
misi yofna sazogadoebaSi, amaoa misi yofna sxva adamianebTan ukidures siaxloveSi:
orTa Soris yvelaze intimuri saubaric ki iseTia, TiTqos isini telefoniT saubrobdnen.
bolos da bolos, SegviZlia
gulaxdilad vilaparakoT!
amitom ra gasakviria, rom adamianTa umravlesoba Tavis martoobas grZnobs da uCivis, an is, rom Semcvleli saSualebebiTa da Semcvleli moqmedebebiT cdilobs martoobisgan Tavis daxsnas.
martoobis damTrgunvel grZnobasTan erTad imave adamianebSi SeimCneva midrekileba gaqcevisken: gaqceva sazogadoebidan, Sors sxva adamianTagan. es winaaRmdegoba
Zneli gasagebi araa, misi rezignacia: gamocdileba imisa, rom erTad yofna mainc ar
gamodis. da Tu es asea, maSin gana umjobesi araa, amis garegnul SesaZleblobebsac moveridoT?
aqamde gamoTqmuli azrebis Suqze Zneli SesamCnevi araa, rom adamiani gacilebiT
metad _ sxva gagebiTac, vidre es cxovelebis Sesaxeb iTqmis _ sazogadoebrivi arsebaa
da Tanac, igi aseTia sityvis meoxebiT. mas sazrisi da yofiereba (Existenz) mxolod
sxva me-arsebebTan kavSirSi aqvs da maT arsebobas gulisxmobs. rodesac vsaurobT, Cven
individualurad vsaurobT, magram ena saerTo ganZia erisa(xalxisa), xolo azrovneba,
romelic enis ukan dgas, mTeli kacobriobis saerTo saganZuria. adamiani individualurad warmoqmnis imas, rac yvelaze metad sayovelTaoa: xom ar SeiZleba, erTad
vimetyveloT an viazrovnoT!
dRevandeli erTobebi _ didi Tu patara gaerTianebebi _ iSviaTadaa agebuli sayovelTao arsze, sityvaze da arc azrovnebazea agebuli, romelic, rogorc viciT, ufro
maRali(ze) sityvaa. isini ufro `moTxovnilebebze~ da am moTxovnilebaTa dakmayofilebazea dafuZnebuli, egoisturobaze da amitom maTi daSla maTs saTaveSivea Cadebuli. maTi safuZvelia saerTo interesebi an garkveuli Sexedulebani ojaxur sakuTrebaze (es ukanaskneli sul ufro da ufro naklebad), anda _ sqesobrivi miziduloba.
yvela am SemTxvevaSi motivi, romelic adamians amoZravebs, egoisturia: surT, rom raRac hqondeT. es Seyris xolme partniorebs. magram maTSi dabadebuli egoisturobis
kanonzomierebis ZaliT, isini erTmaneTs imave motiviT male gaeyrebian xolme.
iqac ki, sadac urTierToba _ siyvaruli, megobroba, ojaxi _ araegoisturi motivebiT ibadeba, dRes cnobier zrunvas saWiroebs, raTa ar CavklaT da SevinarCunoT.
zrunva niSnavs, rom es erToba, intuiturad Secnobil SesaZleblobaTa meoxebiT,
yoveldRe axal-axal sazrdos unda iRebdes, raTa is Cvevad ki ar iqces, aramed yoveldRe Tavidan iSvas. Tviseba sityvismierisa _ da maSasadame, adamianuri siyvarulisac
_ xom maradi kvdoma-aRdgomaa, raTa is mTlianad da sabolood ar Cakvdes.
es adamianTa umravlesobisTvis ucnobia, amitomac ingreva esoden lamazad dawyebuli urTierTobebi: qorwinebebi, sasiyvarulo urTierTobebi, megobroba Tu samsaxurebrivi gaerTianebebi. garegnulma safrTxem, mtrobam, siZneleebma am urTierTobebs erTxans SeiZleba sicocxle SeanarCunebinos. magram SemoqmedebiTi garjis gareSe
es urTierTobebi adre Tu gvian gaxundeba da gardava. cnobierebis ganviTarebis es
sfero individualur qmedebas moiTxovs, radgan iseT socialur institutebs, rogoricaa saeklesio an saxelmwifoebrivi dawesebulebebi, am amocanas, karga xania, aRar
SeuZlia, gaumklavdes.
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adamianma, Tundac erT an ramdenime adamianTan Tanaarseboba rom SeZlos, rogorc
individualuri, ise yovelgvari jgufuri egoisturoba dadumebuli _ an nawilobriv
mainc gardaqmnili _ unda hqondes. jgufi, romlis wevrebic individualur egoisturobaze uars amboben, magram, rogorc jgufi, sxva adamianebsa da jgufebs gamoeyo an
adamianebisa da jgufebis sawinaaRmdegod moqmedebs, isevea dasangrevad ganwiruli,
rogorc individualur egoisturobaze agebuli jgufebi. egoisturobas is Tviseba
axasiaTebs, rom is iyofa da mravldeba. Tavdapirvelad jgufi Sinaganad mSvidobianadaa, Semdeg ki Cndeba fraqciebi, partiebi, qvefraqciebi _ sanam saqme srul daqsaqsvamde miva.
swori gezis momcemi aq pozitiurobis savarjiSoa: Secnoba imisa, rac Rirebulia
sxva adamianTan da Secnoba imisa, rom swored igi (es adamiani) aris es pozitiuri.
sisusteebi, qvecnobieri yovel CvenganSi moqmedebs, magram es rodia adamiani; es swored isaa, rac misgan zurgSeqceulia, rac mis mier ar aris formirebuli da is, rasac is
veraa dauflebuli (TumcaRa igi Tavis Tavs metad Tu naklebad qvecnobieris mizandasaxulobebTanac aigivebs). analizuri fsiqologia adamians pirvel rigSi imas uCvenebs, Tu ra ar aris igi _ anu imas, rac igi ar aris. amiT imis Tqma ki ar gvsurs, rom
mxedvelobaSi ar unda miviRoT adamianis sisusteebi (es Tavis motyueba iqneboda)
aramed iseve, rogorc gripi an filtvebis anTeba Seuracxad mxared moiazreba pirovnebaSi, aseve sisusteebi da ase Semdeg, aris identuri imisa, rac avtonomiuri adamianisTvis, rogorc mSvinvieri warmonaqmni, ucxo, dapirispirebuli, mtrulia. ra Tqma
unda, mZime situaciaa, roca vinme Tavs Tavisi avadmyofobis identurad ganicdis da
Tavis Tavs misgan gamomdinare ganmartavs. am SemTxvevaSi mocemuli piri arauSualo
damokidebulebaSia masTan (avadmyofobasTan).
SeiZleba warmoiSvas kiTxva: risi meoxebiTaa, rom qvecnobieris sfero esoden Zalmosilia adamianis, misi samSvinvelis mimarT? am kiTxvas Tu mivyvebiT, vpovebT `cdunebebs~, survils `raRacis kargad gakeTebisa~ (egoisturi gagebiT), sxvadasxva saxis
`tkbobebs~. tkbobaTa erTi nawili sxeuls, sxeulis biologiur funqciebs iyenebs
rogorc saSualebas. ase warmoiqmneba wyurvilis dakmayofilebidan loToba; asevea
mowevasTan dakavSirebiTac, sadac erToblivad moqmedebs gemo, suni da sunTqva.
arsebobs wmindad mSvinvieri tkbobanic, rogoricaa pativmoyvareobis dakmayofileba.
tkbobis mania sxeulidan rodi momdinareobs. yvela aseTi ram samSvinvelis `moTxovnilebaa~. samSvinvelis am `moTxovnilebaTa~ dakmayofileba sxeulisTvis metad Tu
naklebad sazianoa. mSvinvieri egoisturi `sixaruli~ _ erTi SexedviT TiTqos sruliad araegoisturi safarvelis wyalobiT _ xSirad Znelad Sesacnobia. ase, magaliTad, vinme SeiZleba sxva adamians materialurad, mSvinvierad an sulieradac ki Svelodes, exmarebodes, amasTan, mSveleli SeiZleba savsebiT egoistur sixaruls ganicdides: iqamdec ki, rom misTvis ufro mniSvnelovania is, rom Tavad igi exmareba
sxvas, vidre is, rom am sxvas, rogorc aseTi, eSvelos. cxadia, amis gamo daxmarebis
xarisxic kiTxvis niSnis qveS dgeba. dakmayofilebuli pativmoyvareoba, didguloba
Tu ubralod `warmateba~ _ mSvinvieri saxis sixarulebia, romlebic nebismier SemTxvevaSi ar aris nakleb egoisturi, vidre sxeulebrivi sixaruli.
`sixarulo, mSvinviero RvTiuro naperwkalo, asulo samoTxisa ...~
Silers aq namdvilad ar ugulisxmia zemoT daxasiaTebuli `tkbobani~ Tu sixaruli. am tkbobaTa ukan yovelTvis moTxovnileba dgas _ grZnoba, romelic nebelobiT
impulsTanaa dakavSirebuli: raRac iseTi, rasac marTebulad `mSvinvieris gareTa
mxares~ (r. Staineri) uwodeben. is moqmedebs adamianze, radganac adamians ar ZaluZs
masSi artikulireba, Tavisi Tavis Sinaganad masTan identificireba, misi Sinagani
gancda, rogorc, vTqvaT, raime azrisa, romelic mTlianad `SigniTa mxarea~ (Tuki is
CemTvis marTlac azria da Tu is, ramdenadac SesaZlebelia, mesmis). azri ar SeiZleba
Tavis gareTa mxares giCvenebdes, rogorc es moTxovnilebis an grZnobis SemTxvevaSia,
romlebic maSinac `gareT~ rCeba, roca me mTlianad maT dakmayofilebas veZlevi, maT
verwymi: isini me meufleba da me ar vici, saidan da ratom mesxmis Tavs da rogor
miyoliebs _ Nescio! azrs garegani mxare ar gaaCnia. igi sityvaa. egoisturi grZnobebi,
tkbobani, moTxovnilebebi ki zemoqmedebebia.
`Nescio~, arcodna swored imiT sazrdoobs, rom Cven tkbobasTan `viWerT saqmes~:
`daikmayofile moTxovnilebebi, raTa ganTavisuflde maTgan!~ anu: `daikmayofile
isini, raTa isini dakmayofildes da maSinve xelaxla warmoiqmnan!~ _ es xom erTi da
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igivea. `sxeulebrivi~ moTxovnilebebi, romlebic sxeuls arasodes emsaxureba da
`mSvinvieri~ aRgznebebi, romlebic warmodgenis xatebaTa meSveobiT Cvens warmodgenaTa samyaroze zemoqmedebs da amgvarad, Cvens grZnobebzec axdens gavlenas, metnakleb `xarvezebs~ warmoqmnis adamianis cnobierebaSi da am `xarvezebis~ wyalobiT
adamiani sruliad an nawilobriv kargavs perspeqtivas mTeli Tavisi cxovrebisas, anu
kargavs cxovrebis mTlianobas. isini droTa ganmavlobaSi sul ufro da ufro izrdeba, Tuki adamiani maT _ da maTi gamomwvevi mizezebis _ winaaRmdeg ar imoqmedebs. am
SemTxvevaSi amboben, rom adamiani `daeSva~. aseT `daSvebas~ garegnul cxovrebaSi
zogjer `aRmasvlac~ SeiZleba axldes Tan.
amis `sawinaaRmdegod moqmedeba~ ar SeiZleba warmovidginoT oden rogorc asketizmi, raRac-raRaceebis gadaCveva an raime moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebaze uaris
Tqma. Zalebi, romlebic adamianisTvis mtruli formiT Sekrula maniis, moTxovnilebis, vnebis saxiT, am formisgan unda iyos ganTavisuflebuli da mesken unda iyos warmarTuli. mTeli Cveni higiena am princips eyrdnoba. is RonisZiebebi, romelTac arajansaR tkbobaTa siWarbis moSlamde mivyavarT, SeiZleba gavaerTianoT saxelwodebiT
`wminda aRqma~. `wminda aRqma~ ufro Zneli gansaxorcielebelia, vidre is, rasac Cven
aqamde aRvwerdiT. amitom aq mxolod mis eskizs movxazavT, mxolod zogad mimarTulebas mivaniSnebT, ufro dawvrilebiTi aRwera ki momdevno TavSi iqneba mocemuli.
gurmanTa magaliTze SegviZlia davadginoT, rom SegrZnebiTi Tu grZnobiTi xasiaTis gancdebi, `sixaruli~ Tu sasiamovno grZnobebi, rasac maT saWmeli aRuZravs, SemecnebiTs _ vTqvaT, xelovnebis darad _ arafers sZens maT, arafers eubneba arc nagemebi saWmlisa da arc Wamis dros mimdinare procesebis Sesaxeb. es kvlav tipuri
TviTmgrZnobi SegrZnebebia im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu Wamis moyvaruli `xelovnebis
doneze~ daxvewili gemovnebis mqonea. Wamis dros is nagemebis Semecnebas ki ar axdens,
aramed SegrZnebaTa organoebs iyenebs mSvinvieri siamovnebis gansacdelad. SeiZleba
vinme Semogvedavos: `mere ra aris aq `saziano~, riTia es `cudi~? meore mxriv,
`kargic~ xom aris?~ tkbobis fenomens Zalze obieqturad unda SevxedoT, raTa aRmovaCinoT, Tu ratom grZnobs da fiqrobs jer kidev dResac bevri ase _ erTi saukunis
win ki TiTqmis yvela ase fiqrobda _ rom, yovel SemTxvevaSi, eqstremaluri masStabebi tkbobisa sazianoa da samarcxvino .
da ai, gamoikveTeba yvelanairi tkbobisTvis damaxasiaTebeli zogierTi Tviseba.
yvela amgvari tkbobisas adamiani TiTqos erT wertilzea mijaWvuli. magaliTad, smis
maniis farglebSi ar arsebobs gza, romelic am maniidan gamogviyvans. smis mania _ Cixia.
Semdgomi Tviseba isaa, rom adamiani amgvari `siamovnebis~ gancdisas mTlianad pasiuria
_ is `gulxeldakrefili~ xvdeba imas, rac mis Tavs xdeba. amis modelia is, rodesac
organizmSi qimiuri nivTierebebi Segvyvavs _ rac cnobierebis cxovrebaSi garkveul
procesebs iwvevs _ adamians ki ar SeuZlia, Tvali miadevnos, an cnobierad win aRudges
maT zemoqmedebas. garda amisa, tkbobis gancdebi calsaxad egoisturia: adamians mxolod TavisTvis unda raRac.
Tuki movindomebT, es gancdebi cnobierebis inventarizaciaSi (aRwerilobaSi) CavrToT, maSin isini registrirebuli unda iyos rogorc aRqmebi. oRond egaa, es gancdebi mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba Cveulebrivi aRqmebisgan. es ukanasknelebi umetes
SemTxvevaSi TiTqmis Tavisufalia grZnobiTi Sinaarsisgan (aq igulisxmeba ara Tanmxlebi, aRqmiT gamowveuli grZnobebi, aramed is grZnobebi, romelTa gancdac Tavad aRqmisas xdeba). Cveulebrivi aRqmebis meore mxares SemoqmedebiTi aRqmebi dgas: TiTqmis
mTlianad grZnoba, magram aqtiuri, araegoisturi, sadac grZnobebi ganmcdels ki ar
ukavSirdeba, aramed gancdils. tkbobani _ es iseTi aRqmebia, romlebic mTlianad
qvecnobieri mizezebiT warmomdgari grZnobebisa da SegrZnebebisgan Sedgeba. Cveulebrivi aRqmisas adamiani damkvirvebelia, Semmecnebeli arseba; me aseTi aRqmisas
CarTuli araa, an mxolod odnavaa CarTuli. swored amis gamoa SesaZlebeli, rom is
Semmecnebel princips warmoadgendes. tkbobisas `aRqmebi~ memde sulac ver aRwevs,
radgan SegrZnebiT arsebaSia gaCxerili da Tan iTrevs mesac ise, rom aseTi aRqmebis
dros adamiani TiTqosda `gemriel~ SokSi iZireba. tkbobani _ es iseTi aRqmebia, romlebSic me ikargeba. amiT ikveTeba Semdgomi arsebiTi maxasiaTebeli: funqcia, Zala (aq
_ aRqma) erTi safexuriT ufro dabla xorcieldeba, vidre es Cveulebriv xdeba xolme. nacvlad imisa, rom memde, rogorc aRmqmelamde, miaRwios, aRqma mxolod SegrZnebaTa donemde aRwevs. amiT is kargavs Tavis sityvismierobas, romelic mesTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli. nacvlad imisa, rom gasityvdes, is mxolod zemoqmedebas axdens, meti
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araferi. mas Semdeg, rac naCvenebi iyo, Tu rogor Seityuebs xolme Cveulebrivi
grZnoba adamians da rogor ubiZgebs mas pasiurobisken, raRa gasakviria, rom gansakuTrebulad Zlieri SegrZnebiTi fiqrebis mimarTac amasve vawydebiT.
miuxedavad imisa, rom tkbobaTa gancdisas me erTgvarad `gonmixdilia~, mania,
tkbobis mania, mainc mxolod adamianSi, me-arsebaSi SeiZleba aRmocendes da arasodes
_ cxovelSi (aq Sinaur cxovelebze araa saubari, romelTa SegrZnebiTi struqturac
adamianTan siaxlovis gamo darRveulia). maniis aRmocenebisTvis mes arseboba aucilebelia, magram swored tkbobisas iTiSeba an qveiTdeba mes aqtivoba. is, rom me saWiroa
da am dros _ misi gandevna xdeba, imas mowmobs, rom aq jansaR funqciasTan ara gvaqvs saqme. Tqma imisa, rom es funqcia avadmyofuria, dRes SeiZleba sasacilod ar eyos vinmes,
radgan avadmyofuri racaa, normad aRiareben. magram is xom mainc aSkarad Cans, rom zogi ram am struqturaSi cxovelurisken ixreba: TiTqosda mesmieri funqciis `daTxovniT~ qvecnobierad Camoyalibebuli cxoveluri arseba Tavis parazitul sicocxles
mes Zalebis xarjze igrZelebdes. cxadia, qvecnobieria is, Tu rogor warmoSobs vneba
rogorc `sxeulebriv~, organizmiT gapirobebul, aseve mSvinvier tkbobas.
aqve unda vaxsenoT narkomania. narkotikis zemoqmedebis forma Taviseburia. aq
xdeba qimiur-biologiuri zemoqmedeba fizikur organizmze, rogorc cnobierebis matarebelze Tu cnobierebis sarkeze. zemoqmedebis gza gaucnobierebeli gvrCeba; is ki
ara, zemoqmedebis es gza saerTod ar aris cnobili. `tkboba~ mSvinvieria, ese igi, cnobiereba, Sesabamisad, iZulebiT icvleba. uZluria ra win aRudges am zemoqmedebas,
`ganmcdeli~ axla mSvinvieri gancdebis xelSia, es gancdebi mSvinvieria; sulieri
gancdebi xom mxolod suls SeiZleba hqondes. es ukanaskneli ki narkotikis miRebis
gamo Sokis mdgomareobaSia, gamoTiSulia, misi kanonzomieri kavSiri cnobierebis fizikur matarebelTan darRveulia: mas aRar ZaluZs, Seasrulos Tavisi avtonomiuri
funqcia _ yuradRebianoba, yuradRebis marTva.
cnobierebis donis daqveiTebis tendencia sayovelTaoa. amis danaxva literaturis `Semcvlel~ iseT sayovelTaod gavrcelebul fenomenze dakvirvebiTac SeiZleba,
rogoricaa kriminaluri, pornografiuli filmebi da romanebi. yvela isini mimarTulia mxolod ra-ze da arasodes _ rogor-ze. maT risame gaziareba, gadmocema ki ar
surs CvenTvis, aramed Cvenze zemoqmedebis moxdena. isini iwvevs mSvinvierSi agznebas,
borotebis, sisastikis grZnobebs, warmodgenebs qcevebisa, romelTac avtoric da
mkiTxvelic TiTqos uaryofiTad afaseben, magram maTi formulirebis yaidiT isini mainc gadamdebad moqmedebs Cvenze. es Zveli xrikia, aRmoCenili da xSirad nacadi markiz
de sadis mier.
arCevis saSualeba rom gqondeT Tomas mans, muzils, haqslis, virjinia vulfs, an
prustsa da kriminalur films Soris, romels airCevdiT? adamianTa umravlesoba ase
upasuxebs: Tu daRlili var _ kriminalur films. magram Zalian bevri adamiani mudam
ise daRlilia Tu gazarmacebuli, rom yovelTvis amas irCevs: es xom gacilebiT nakleb, an TiTqmis araviTar aqtivobas moiTxovs.
yovel daRmasvlas me-gancdisa misTvis Sesaferisi donidan qvemoT, avtonomiurcnobier adamianze uaris Tqmas specifikuri elferis mqone sasiamovno grZnoba dahyveba Tan. es egoisturi tkbobis erT-erTi damaxasiaTebeli niSania. es Tviseba anareklia sxva Jestisa _ es aris sakuTar Tavze uaris Tqma, roca sxva gviyvars. orive Jestis
SemTxvevaSi saWiroa me. magram erT SemTxvevaSi is dabla eSveba, iRupeba Tavisi sisustiT; meore SemTxvevaSi ki is Tavad ambobs uars sakuTar Tavze Tavisi Zlierebis
wyalobiT, rac mas kidev ufro aZlierebs.
tkbobaTa kidev erTi TvalSisacemi niSania ukve xsenebuli `sakuTari Tavis grZnoba~. is TanamedroveobaSi mes gancdis Semcvlelia. TviTgrZnoba imas eyrdnoba, rom
Sexebis SegrZneba mSvinvierad yvelafers moedo da is arsebiTad gansazRvravs Tanamedrove adamianis mTel cxovrebas, mTel mis SegrZnebiT msoflmxedvelobas: sinamdviled mxolod imas aRiareben, rasac Sexebis SegrZnebiT aRviqvamT _ aseTi ram myarad da
`xelSesaxebad~ zis Cvens mSvinvier ganwyobaSi. Sexebis SegrZnebis funqcioba ki iseTnairia, rom adamiani misi meSveobiT Zalze mcireds Tu igebs samyaros Sesaxeb. faqtobrivad, igebs mxolod imas, rom arsebobs raRac punqti, romelic misi sxeulis Tu misi
Sexebis organos gareT aris. gamosaxulebis, iersaxis(Gestalt) aRsaqmelad, sigluvisa Tu
simagris aRsaqmelad kidev sxva SegrZnebebis amoqmedebaa saWiro _ moZraobis SegrZnebisa, wonasworobis SegrZnebisa: uZravi TiTis wveriT verc simagres aRviqvamT,
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verc iersaxes, verc xaoianobas Tu sigluves. magram, rasac Sexebis SegrZneba Tavisi
moqmedebiT maSinve, obieqtis Sexebisas gvawvdis _ esaa SegrZneba sxeulis adgilisa. es
SegrZneba imdenad intensiuri mainc ar aris, rogorc grZnoba Tavad imisa, rasac vexebiT da egoisturi TviTSegrZnebis sxeulebrivi safuZveli anu fizikurad SegrZnebadi mxarea. TviTSegrZnebis aucileblobis gamo Sexebis xasiaTi yvela SegrZnebiT funqciaSi urevia: cotaTi Cven xedvis, mosmenis da ase Semdeg, drosac `movdivarT SexebaSi~ obieqtTan, `vexebiT~ mas.
tkbobisas es SexebiTi xasiaTi, TviTgrZnoba gansakuTrebiT mZafria. jer kidev buda
migviTiTebs Tavis saubrebSi `Sexebis~ safrTxeTa Sesaxeb. `Sexeba~ yvelaze mZafri
seqsualur sferoSia. seqsualuri sfero _ ufarToesi gagebiT _ saxifaTo ram aris
dRevandel adamianSi. Tu ratomaa es ase, amis ganxilva Cveni Temidan Zalze gadagvaxvevinebs; Cven mxolod am sayovelTaod cnobili faqtis aRniSvniT davkmayofildebiT.
da vinaidan seqsualuri sfero _ samarTlianad Tu umarTebulod _ mSvinvier cxovrebaSi erT-erT centralur rols asrulebs, modiT, ganvixiloT es sfero.
Tumca bevri adamianisTvis amis danaxva Znelia, magram seqsualuri ltolvis Zala
arc Tavad seqsualobaSia da arc raime tkbobis warmodgenaSi, aramed _ sxva adamianis ZiebaSi, ZiebaSi adamianisa, romelsac SeuZlia, bolo mouRos maZieblis martoobas da romelsac ZaluZs, gandevnos grZnoba eulad yofnisa, `haerSi gamokidebulobisa~. ukiduresad arapirovnul sqesobriv aqtSic ki SeiZleba es motivi aRmovaCinoT. am TvalsazrisiT, seqsualuri raRacis Semcvlelia da Semcvlelis kanons eqvemdebareba: is bolomde verasodes gvakmayofilebs. adamiani imasac gamoscdis, rom sxeulebrivi siaxlove martoobas ver ganaqarvebs. aseTma `imedgacruebam~ is SeiZleba
seqsualuris mgmobeladac aqcios, romelzedac _ am gmobis miuxedavad _ is mainc damokidebuli rCeba, anda SeiZleba is iseT adamianad aqcios, vinc amieridan, uars acxadebs ra yoveliveze, rasac da ris gamoc igi eZiebda, mxolod aqtSi eZiebs droebiT
kmayofilebas. seqsualur sferoSi metad did rols asrulebs warmodgenebi. rac ufro metad Sordeba es sfero gamravlebas, STamomavlobis Seqmnas _ Tavis biologiur
funqcias _ miT ufro met `saqmes uCens~ is warmodgenaTa samyaros, miT ufro metad
iyris Tavs mis garSemo TviTmizanTa simravle. es tkbobis yvela sxva sferosac exeba.
aRmocendeba Cvevebis samyaro, agreTve socialuri formebi, maT irgvliv ki _ rigi industriuli dargebisa, romlebic am socialur formebs emsaxureba. warmodgenaTa samyaros am mimarTulebiT gamudmebiT eZleva impulsebi reklamebidan, filmebidan,
speqtaklebidan, literaturidan Tu fsevdoliteraturidan. Tuki `normalur~ adamians is SegrZneba aqvs, rom sakuTar nebelobiT cxovrebaSi igi Tavisufali araa, mas
aseTi gamocdileba swored am sferoSi eZleva. am gamocdilebas didi wvlili Seaqvs
imaSi, rom adamiani uars ambobs Tavis adamianobaze. mcdelobebi cxovrebis am sferos
dacvisa aRniSnul safrTxeTagan maTi `ganwmendiT~, saidumlo aRsarebiTa da ziarebiT,
romelTac esa Tu is religia yovel epoqaSi, yovel kulturaSi mimarTavda, dRes
efeqturi aRaraa.
seqsualuris saxiT Cven winaSea CvevaTa sferos yvelaze gamokveTili da yvelaze
gavrcelebuli forma, romelic Tavisi motivebiTa da mamoZravebeli ZalebiT qvecnobieridan momdinareobs. yvela mtkicebuleba, romelic am moTxovnilebis axsnas biologiuridan amosvliT cdilobs, swor gzas agvacdens. seqsualuris _ iseve, rogorc
yovelgvar `ndomaTa~ _ wyaro biologiuri ki ara, mSvinvieria: Tavad biologiurs, rogorc aseTs, tkbobis unari ar gaaCnia _ iseve, rogorc mcenares _ da is mxolod saSualebad gamoiyeneba tkbobisTvis.
axla ki droa, sruliad erTmniSvnelovnad ganvacxadoT: avtori ar gaxlavT tkbobis mteri, asketi da arc qadagebs asketizms. cnobierebis higienis TvalsazrisiT araferi iqneboda imaze didi Secdoma, tkbobaze ubralod uari rom gveTqva. saqme aq exeba _ SesaZloa, es Zalze ucnauradac JRerdes _ im ufro srulyofili aRqmis nel-nela
gamomuSavebas, romlis meSveobiTac Cven sxvagvari sixarulis gancda SegveZleba, vidre es Cveulebrivi tkbobiT xdeba.
tkbobani _ es Zalze arasrulyofili aRqmebia, romelTa drosac Cven sakuTar Tavs
(maSasadame, tkbobas) SevigrZnobT. Cveulebriv, yoveldRiur aRqmebSi Cven verafers
vigebT _ TiTqmis veranair grZnobiT da nebelobiT komponentebs aRqmulisa. TumcaRa
isini arseboben, rogorc amaze, odnav mainc, xelovnebis sferoSi arsebuli gamocdileba migvaniSnebs. tkbobaSi es komponentebi araSemecnebiT funqciebamdea daqveiTebuli Tu damaxinjebuli. amitomac qmnis tkbobebi iseT sferos, romelzedac xalisiT
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rodi vfiqrobT _ maSin xom garkveuli daskvnebis gakeTeba mogvixdeboda, iqidan gamomdinare, razedac vfiqrobdiT. g.b. Sou amis Sesaxeb zogierT rasme gamoTqvams Tavis
problemur nawarmoebSi `adamiani da zeadamiani~. me-3 aqtSi, don Juansa da komandors
Soris erT-erT saubarSi, naTqvamia:
komandori: `me ar mWirdeba mixvedra imisa, Tu ratom vtkbebi. is ki ara, mijobs
kidevac, rom ver vxvdebode amas. Cemi gamocdileba maswavlis, rom Cveni siameni ver
itanen, roca Cven maT vufiqrdebiT~.
don Juani: `amitomaa, rom gansja aravis epitnaveba. magram cxovrebisTvis, im
ZalisTvis, romelic adamianis ukan dgas, metad saWiroa gansja, mis gareSe xom adamiani
sikvdilis jurRmulSi gadaiCexeba~.
adamiani marTlac sikvdilis jurRmulSi gadaiCexeba, Tuki Tavis saxifaTo mdgomareobas da Tavis pozitiur SesaZleblobebs ar daufiqrda da Tavisi cxovrebis gaZRola mxolod qvecnobiers miando. da Zneli misaxvedri araa, rom tkbobaTa sfero iseTi
socialuri urTierTobebis ganmsazRvrelia, romelic adamianTaTvis erTad yofnas
SeuZlebels xdis. qceva, aracnobieri an naxevrad cnobieri msoflmxedveloba, romelic tkbobasa da komforts, egoisturobas efuZneba, aRzrdisa da mTeli Tavisi cxovrebiseuli praqtikis meoxebiT egoisturobasve avrcelebs. amasTanavea bunebisa da
adamianis eqspluatacia _ da aq mxolod sameuneo eqspluatacia rodi igulisxmeba,
SeiZleba vinme Tavis meuRles iyenebdes ase. es eqspluataciaa, ara sameurneo, magram
mainc adamianisTvis ukadrisi. SeuZlebelia, egoisturoba ubralod moviSoroT Tavidan an gadawyvetilebebiT, surviliTa Tu keTili ganzraxviT gardavqmnaT.
[amisTvis sxva gzebis Ziebaa saWiro. bolomde nurc imas gamovricxavT,] SevdgaT fexi im
grZel gzaze, romelsac aRqmis wvrTnis meoxebiT ufro srulyofili da amis gamo sixarulis momtani aRqmisken mivyavarT _ sixarulisken, romlis Semcvlelsac, Cveulebriv, tkbobebSi eZeben.
4.6
aRqmis wvrTna
es wvrTna im adamianTaTvisaa gamiznuli, romelnic TavianTi mSvinvieri problemebis gadaWris gzaze sakmaod Sors arian wasuli. aravis avnebs, Tuki mocemul cdebsa da
savarjiSoebs mosinjavs. miRweviT ki am gzaze mxolod is miaRwevs rasme, visac sakuTar
TavTan dakavSirebiT, sxva mxriv, bevri siZnele ar eRobeba.
ena, metyveleba mizanSewonil, mizandasaxul saqmianobad iqca, miuxedavad imisa,
rom CvenTvis cnobil enebs Soris, dRevandeli kvlevis Sedegebis mixedviT, erTic
araa mizanSewonilobisTvis Seqmnili ram; ese igi, maTi mizani informaciaTa gadacema
ki araa, aramed isini Tavis TavSi gacilebiT met SesaZleblobebs Seicavs, vidre es
sityvis ostatebis _ poetebisa da mwerlebis _ mieraa gamoyenebuli, SesaZleblobebs,
romlebic kacobriobis ganviTarebis adrindel safexurebze sxvadasxva kultis
samsaxurSi idga. am ukanasknelTaganve warmoiSva Tavdapirvelad ena.
amas Zalian hgavs aRqmis ganviTarebis procesic. mozrdili adamiani dRes, rogorc
wesi, informaciis aRqmiT ifargleba. es niSnavs, rom is mets arafers aRiqvams, garda
imisa, rac misTvis uSualod mniSvnelovani da SesaZlebelia. Tuki irgvliv arsebuli
sagnebi da fenomenebi misTvis nacnobia, maSin SegrZnebis organoTa minimaluri
moqmedebac sakmarisia _ `ra saWiroa saxls, ZaRls, adamians didad daukvirde imis
Sesacnobad, Tu rasTan gaqvs saqme. sruliad zedapiruli Tvalis Sevlebac sakmarisia
aRqmulis Sesaxeb Sesaferisi Sexedulebis Camosayalibeblad!~
am wmindad informatiul aRqmas patara bavSvis aRqmas Tu SevadarebT, aRqmis intensivobis mxriv, uzarmazar gansxvavebebs aRmovaCenT. bavSvTa aRqma Zlieri grZnobebiT Seferili gancdaa; aRqmiTi samyaros sagnebs, fenomenebs grZnobiTi da nebelobiTi
Rirebuleba aqvs. nivTebi `cocxloben~, `amboben~ raRacas, `aRsavseni~ arian `idumalebiT~, `megobrulad~ arian `ganwyobilni~ an `imuqrebian~. yovelgvar bavSvis fsiqologiasa da pedagogikas kargad moexseneba aRqmis mniSvneloba: aRqmaTa siRaribis SemTxvevaSi bavSvi rogorc sulierad, aseve fizikuradac ver viTardeba; aRqmis mdidari
SesaZleblobebi ki `furCqnian~ mas.
bavSvuri aRqma mozrdilis aRqmisgan rom gansxvavebulia, amas sxvadasxva mizezi
aqvs. bavSvis SemTxvevaSi, pirvel yovlisa, aRqma gacilebiT naklebad eyrdnoba winaswar Seqmnil rasme cnebismagvars _ aseTi ram bavSvTan jer ar Camoyalibebula. amitom
SegrZnebaTa moqmedeba ufro intensiuria; saWiroa yvelafris safuZvlianad SeTvaliereba, Sexeba, mosmena. meore mxriv, SegrZnebaTa intensiuri moqmedeba gacilebiT ufgeorg kiulevindi – normaluridan jansaRisken
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ro cocxalia da grZnobiT gajerebuli. SegrZnebaTa moqmedeba jer kidev mWidrodaa
Sezrdili grZnobiT samyarosTan; es ukanaskneli ki nawilobriv kidev Semmecnebelia,
ese igi, namdvilad mgrZnobeli, gareT orientirebuli da ara TviTmgrZnobi, rogorc mozrdilebTan. aRmoCenis saocrebani mSvinvieri gancdis saswaulebTanaa dakavSirebuli. raimesTvis Tavis micemis, Tavdaviwyebis unari bavSvSi gacilebiT metia,
vidre mozrdilSi _ da es imdenad, ramdenadac bavSvi jer kidev ar warmarTavs yuradRebas egoisturad sakuTari Tavisken. mSvinvieri gancda mravalferovani da mravalmxrivia, mas mSvenivrad SeiZleba vuwodoT saxeli da mas hqvia: sixaruli, aRqmiT
gamowveuli sixaruli. es sixaruli aRqmuls ki ar exeba, aramed Tavad aRqmas. ukeT rom
vTqvaT, aRqma Tavisi obieqtidan jer ar aris ise gamoyofili, rogorc Semdgom, mozrdil adamianTan.
bavSvis aRqma Zalze axlos dgas mis sasicocxlo procesebTan da rogorc cnobilia,
mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli maTTan. aRqmis samyaro bavSvis irgvliv Rrma STabeWdilebas axdens mis sasicocxlo procesebze. amas isic emateba, rom am procesTa gancda gacilebiT intensiuria: Wama bavSvs marto imas rodi `eubneba~, rom `es gemrielia~ an `es
ugemuria~, aramed igi Tavisi TvisebebiT Rrmad iWreba SegrZnebiT procesSi, Tan ara
mxolod iseTi SegrZnebebis gziT, rogoricaa gemo, suni, mxedvelobis SegrZneba da ase
Semdeg.
advili SesamCnevia: bavSvTan aRqmis intensivoba mozrdilis SemTxvevaSi aRqmaTa
mozRvavebiT, aRqmaTa siWarbiTaa Secvlili. es aRqmebi marTlac mxolod Semcvlelia: Tvisebrioba xom verasodes Seicvleba raodenobiT. yoveldRiurobaSi gamefebulia informaciis aRqma, romelic TavisTavad usixaruloa. sixaruli aRqmulis mimarT mozrdils aqvs maSin (xelovnebis sferos Tu ar gaviTvaliswinebT), roca is
gasarTobad, dros tarebis mizniT `aRiqvams~, magram arasodes _ Tavad aRqmis mimarT.
misi `aRqmis wyurvili~ yovelTvis informaciis doneze rCeba, pasiur garTobaTa sferoSi. mas surs aRqmebSi `ixrCobodes~, aRqmis saxis, misi Tvisebriobis Secvlis gareSe.
sixarulic am dros sul sxvagvaria, vidre bavSvis SemTxvevaSi.
marTebulia daisvas kiTxva: sad qreba grZnobebis, nebelobiTi elementebis is
simdidre, romelsac bavSvTan vxvdebiT? es dakarguli elementebi `tkbobaSi~ SeiZleba vpovoT, TumcaRa Zlier Secvlili saxiT: aq grZnobebi uaRresad TviTmgrZnobni
arian; Zalze cota ram Tua maTSi `metyvelebidan~ SemorCenili, ese igi, tkbobis
subieqts mcire ram Tu `esmis~, mcire ram Tu `eyureba~ iqidan, riTic is tkbeba. ai,
aseT adgils ikavebs tkbobisken swrafvis mTeli es simptomatika grZnobis da Sesabamisad egoisturobis sferoSi. da es problema TandaTanobiT povebs gadaWras aRqmis
wvrTnisas. am wvrTnam mudam pasiuri _ ese igi, Cvenken yovelTvis garedan momavali da
amgvarad, Tavs moxveuli _ `sixaruli~ unda gardaqmnas aqtiur, Signidan momdinare
sixarulad, romelic axloa xelovnebiseul da SemoqmedebiT sixarulTan; aseTma
wvrTnam marTlac rom `mSvenier RvTiur naperwklad~ unda aqcios es `sixaruli~.
visac es sixaruli erTxel mainc gamoucdia, man icis, rom TviT uintensiuresi tkbobac ki mxolod mkrTali anareklia, marTlacda esavis ospis SeWamadia, romelzedac naadrevad vcvliT Cvens ufro did sixaruls. TumcaRa gza am sixarulisken sakmaod grZelia.
aRqmis wvrTna Zalze martivi da ioli savarjiSoebiT, ukeT rom vTqvaT, cdebiT
iwyeba. isini imas emsaxureba, rom gamocdileba davagrovoT aRqmis sferoSi.
1. aviRoT adamianis mier gakeTebuli an bunebis mier Seqmnili nebismieri sagani da
safuZvlianad davakvirdeT mas. Semdeg SevecadoT, warmovidginoT is TvaldaxuWulma
an misgan zurgSeqceulma. isev da isev, ramdenjerme SevadaroT erTmaneTs dakvirveba
da warmodgena.
aq sam ZiriTad raimeSi SeiZleba gamocdilebis SeZena. pirvel rigSi, Cven SevniSnavT, rom warmodgenaSi sagnis reproducireba metad arasrulad ZalgviZs. es gansakuTrebiT TvalSisacemia, Tu Cveni obieqti bunebis sagania, vTqvaT, kenWi. misi uswormasworo forma, daRaruloba, feri, Znelad, rom zustad Candes Cven mier warmosaxul
suraTSi. igive mogviva adamianis mier Seqmnil umartives sagnebTan dakavSirebiTac.
sul sxvaa xelovnuri masalisgan damzadebuli burTula, romelsac struqtura ar gaaCnia. amitom umjobesia, iseTi sagani SevarCioT, romelic xelovnurad damzadebuli
da ustruqturo araa. aseTia xe, qsovili an liToni.
meore, rac SeiZleba TvalSi gveces, Cveni warmodgenis abstraqtuloba anu
azrobriobaa. Cven marto wvrilmanebis gamotovebas rodi vaxdenT: warmodgena umetesad orientirebulia ara imaze, Tu ra vixileT, aramed imaze, rac Cven sagnis Sesaxeb
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viciT. magaliTad, TefSs ufro rogorc wris formis mqones warmovidgenT xolme.
aseTnairad ki is mxolod maSin Cans, roca mas zustad centrSi vuyurebT, zemodan an
qvemodan. wris formis mqones Cven mas iSviaTad vxedavT da Sesabamisad, arc kideze mis
moxatulobas da ase Semdeg, vxedavT wriulad Tu simetriulad. ganaTebac Zalze iSviaTadaa simetriuli, ris gamoc sinamdvileSi aRqmuli ferebi gansxvavebulia _ TumcaRa Cven viciT, rom isini erTnairia.
mesame gamocdileba, albaT, yvelaze TvalSisacemia. warmodgenaTa intensivobis
TvalsazrisiT Cven yvelani individualurad gansxvavebuli niWis mqoneni varT; isini
an metad mkrTalia, an naklebad. erTs ki yvela SemTxvevaSi ganvicdiT: aRqmaSi aris
raRac iseTi, rac gvaklia warmodgenisas _ rac unda intensiuri iyos Cveni warmodgena.
SevecadoT, es elementi mravaljer ganvicadoT da davaxasiaToT.
arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs imas, rom gamocdilebani aq marTlac Tavad SeviZinoT. am
wignis wakiTxva gamocdilebis miRebas ver Seenacvleba. msgavsad mxedvelobisa, sxva
SegrZnebebzec SeiZleba aseTi eqsperimentebis Catareba _ aRqmisa da warmodgenis urTierTSesadareblad. individualuri gansxvavebani: warmodgenis unaris mxriv, smenaSi, SexebaSi, ynosvaSi, gemosa da siTbos SegrZnebaSi Zalze didia. smenis SemTxvevaSi
SegviZlia JReradobani _ gongi an musikaluri bgera _ anda, vTqvaT, laparaki avirCioT
Temad. adamianis sametyvelo xmis warmodgena _ es ukve rTuli amocana iqneba, miuxedavad imisa, rom xmis cnoba CvenTvis, saerTod, Zneli araa.
yvela am cdiT imis gamocdilebas SeviZenT, rom yovelgvari SegrZnebiTi Tvisebriobani aRqmis obieqtisgan gamovaTavisufloT da warmodgenaSi gadmovitanoT. magram is,
rac warmodgenaSi, aRqmisgan gansxvavebiT, ar aris, raRac sxvaa _ am elementis nakleboba xom mudam gvaqvs, damoukideblad im intensivobisgan, romliTac SegrZnebiTi Tvisebis warmodgenaSi reproducireba xdeba.
vinc am savarjiSoebs akeTebs, cdunebas igrZnobs, warmodgenis unars `waexmaros~
`TavSi CabeWdviT~, aRqmis procesSi ganzrax `damaxsovrebiT~. am cdunebas win unda
aRvudgeT da arafris `daxsomeba~ vineboT, radgan cnobierebis amgvari xerxebiT ara
mxolod aRqmis spontanuroba da sisavse zaraldeba (Cven xom mxolod calkeuli detalebi SegviZlia `davixsomoT~), aramed mTavari maxvili, Cvenda uneburad, azrobrivze
gadadis. Cven ki swored amas unda veridoT. saqme is ki araa, warmodgena `gamogvivides~, an rom is zusti iyos; mTavari Sedegi ki araa (miT umetes, Tu is gansjis gziTaa
mopovebuli), aramed _ warmodgenis spontanuri Zalis gavarjiSeba, vinaidan amiT
aRqmis intensivoba izrdeba. maSasadame: intensiurad aRviqvaT, Semdeg ki aRqmulis
warmodgenas SevecadoT, imaze fiqris gareSe, warmodgena ramdenad `gamogvdis~; ubralod, ganmeorebiT aRviqvaT da warmovidginoT, Sedegze ki nu vidardebT. aq qmedebaa
mniSvnelovani da ara Sedegi .
am patara eqsperimentebs, miuxedavad maTi sisadavisa, keTilismyofeli zemoqmedeba aqvs ara mxolod fizikurad SegrZnebad aRqmaze, aramed mTel Sinagan cxovrebaze
da TavianTi SedarebiTi sisadavis gamo maT adamiani varjiSamde da varjiSiT gamowveul
sixarulamdec SeiZleba miiyvanos. xazgasmiT unda iTqvas, rom yoveli am eqsperimentTagani fxizlad, obieqturobis dacviT, ganwyobilebebze, emociebsa da iluziebze
uaris TqmiT unda sruldebodes.
2. aRqma miT ufro mdidari, intensiuri iqneba, rac ufro axlos iqneba cxovrebasTan, rac ufro naklebad mqrqali iqneba Cven mier producirebuli warmodgeniTi suraTi aRqmulisa. aq eqsperimentebSi koncentraciis savarjiSoc imaleba. rac ufro
metad gamoTavisufldeba aRqmiTi suraTisgan misi Tvisebebi, rac ufro nakleb iqneba
is `SexebiTi~ da _ cnebiTobis gamo, romelic yovelTvis yvelaferSi ereva _ abstraqtuli, miT ufro TandaTanobiT mets aRviqvamT. es ori qmedeba _ aRqma da warmodgena _
urTierTs aZlierebs. gansxvaveba maT Soris _ Tuki gansxvavebas gavigebT rogorc distancias _ yovelTvis rCeba, magram misi Tvisebrioba icvleba. warmodgenaSi reproducirebisas saqme mxolod Tvisebis gancdis `rogor~-s, intensivobas exeba da arasodes
_ aRqmisa Tu misi calkeuli detalebis `ra~-s. amitom umjobesia, koncentracia movaxdinoT eniT gamouTqmel niSan-Tvisebebze _ arawesier figuraze, faqiz struquraze,
qvis an mcenaris foTlis zedapiris Tvisebriobaze, romlisTvisac sityvebi, dadgenili cnebebi ar moiZeveba.
aRqmis cdaTa meore saxe faqizi gansxvavebebis SemCneva da gancdaa. aseTi cdebisTvis gamodgeba, magaliTad, uRrublo an odnav Rrubliani ca, romelzedac sxvadasxva
mimarTulebiT lurjis sul sxvadasxva elferia gabneuli; aseve _ nairgvari simwvane
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mdelosi, tyisa, mTis ferdobisa. amgvaradve SegviZlia, vTqvaT, aviRoT dRis drosTan
erTad cvalebadi ferebi, magaliTad, tbisa, mdinarisa anda, ubralod, romelime xisa;
smeniTi Tvisebriobis mimarTac: zRvis talRebis Sxuili, xeTa Sriali qaris sxvadasxva
siZlierisas, nakadulis rakraki, CanCqeris Cxriali _ yovelive amas SeiZleba davakvirdeT da Semdeg warmodgenaSi misi reproducireba movaxdinoT.
yvela am cdis dros rekomendebulia patar-patara Sesvenebebis gakeTeba. kargia,
Tu aRqmis fazis win _ SesaZloa, daxuWuli TvalebiT _ cotas SevicdiT, aRqma Semdgom
cocxlad da axlad rom ganvicadoT ise, TiTqos pirvelad aRviqvamdeT.
3. aRqmis cdebi aqamde calkeul SegrZnebaTa mixedviT iyo warmodgenili. sinamdvileSi ki mxolod romelime erTi SegrZnebiT Cven arasodes aRviqvamT, aramed aRviqvamT
ise, rom erTi SegrZnebaa upiratesi, magram, kidev ramdenime sxva SegrZneba monawileobs. am danarCeni SegrZnebebis monawileoba mxolod miniSnebiT gveZleva. isini TiTqosda homeopaTiuri doziT monawileobs aRqmaSi: faqtobrivad, yvela SegrZneba yovelTvis `dasaqmebulia~. amis gancda yvelaze advilia xelovnebis sferoSi. rac ufro
srulyofilia aRqma, masSi miT ufro meti SegrZnebis monawileoba SeimCneva. Tanmxlebi SegrZnebebis monawileoba arsebiTad gansxvavdeba im SegrZnebaTa monawileobisgan,
romlebic upiratesia.
amitom aRqmis aRzrdis momdevno safexuri isaa, rom vcdilobT, upiratesisgan gansxvavebul SegrZnebebs mivaqcioT yuradReba. magaliTad, ferebis aRqmisas SegviZlia
sakuTar Tavs vkiTxoT: ra suni aqvs am fers, ra gemosia igi? an kidev, gemos Tu sunis
aRqmisas: ra feri SeiZleba yofiliyo isini? formis aRqmisas bunebrivad monawileobs
sakuTari moZraobis SegrZneba*. magram ferTa aRqmis drosac SeiZleba vigrZnoT moZraobis SegrZnebis Cumi Sexeba da misi cnobierebamde dayvana Sinagani kiTxvis dasmiT: ra
moZraobas aRiqvams CemSi esa Tu is feri?
wonasworobis grZnoba TiTqmis yvela obieqtis aRqmisas monawileobs; asevea sicocxlis SegrZnebac. magaliTad, formisa da feris kombinirebuli sicocxlis gancdisas SegviZlia yuradReba mivaqcioT, rogor modis es SexebaSi sicocxlis grZnobasTan, wonasworobis grZnobasTan da moZraobis impulsTan. Cven vuyurebT Zewnisa da
cacxvis foTlebs, maT erTmaneTs vadarebT da vcdilobT, dasaxelebuli SegrZnebebiT
SevigrZnoT isini.
amgvari mcdelobebis mniSvnelovani winapiroba isaa, rom arc spekulaciam gagvitacos da arc asociaciebma. saubaria gancdebsa da gamocdilebebze, aRqmebze da ara azrebze Tu azrTa `nawyvetebze~ aRqmebis Sesaxeb . es aRqmebi adamianTa umetesobaSi
Tavdapirvelad marTlac Zalze nazi, Znelad SesamCnevi iqneba. ganvagrZoT varjiSi maTi forsirebis, maTi mosurnebis gareSe.
aRweril mcdelobebs enaTesaveba _ zogierTisTvis ki, SesaZloa, ufro advilad
gansaxorcielebelic ki iyos _ yuradRebis miqceva gafarToebisa Tu Seviwroebis gancdaze, romlis mosinjvac SeiZleba, Tuki yuradRebas raime daSorebuli an axlo mdebare obieqtisken mivmarTavT. aq SevamCnevT, rogor enaTesaveba Sors cqera CasunTqvas,
axlos yureba ki _ amosunTqvas. SeiZleba gumaniT imasac mivxvdeT, aseTi sunTqva aRqmiT
cxovrebaSic normaluri da jansaRi romaa.
*
rudolf Staineris sulismecniereba adamianSi Tormet SegrZnebas ganasxvavebs. (ix. rudolf
Staineri, `SegrZnebaTa TeoriisTvis~. Temebi TxzulebaTa sruli krebulidan, tomi 3, SerCeuli da
gamocemuli qr. linderbergis mier, StutgartSi, 1980. Rudolf Steiner, Zur Sinneslehre, Themen aus dem
Gesamtwerk, Band 3, ausgewählt und herausgegeben von Chr. Lindenberg, Stuttgart 1980). isini sam jgufad iyofa:
qveda, Sua da zeda SegrZnebebad. qveda SegrZnebebia: Sexebis SegrZneba, sicocxlis SegrZneba(Lebenssinn)
da wonasworobis SegrZneba. Sexebis SegrZnebas ar ganekuTvneba siTbos SegrZneba _ is calke, gansakuTrebuli Tvisebriobis SegrZnebaa (Qualitätsempfindlichkeit). sicocxlis SegrZneba orientacias gvaZlevs
Cveni sxeulebrivi cxovrebis mTliani mdgomareobis Sesaxeb _ Tu ramdenad kargad, an naklebad kargad
vgrZnobT Tavs. sakuTari moZraobis SegrZneba marTavs Cvens moZraobebs. Cven ar vsaWiroebT TvaliT Sexedvas imisTvis, rom vicodeT, ra formas Semowers Cveni xeli, TiTi da ase Semdeg. gamiznuli moZraobebis
SemTxvevaSi mxedveloba mxolod Semdgom, damatebiT SegviZlia gamoviyenoT. wonasworobis SegrZneba biologiaSic cnobilia iseve, rogorc siTbos, sunis, mxedvelobis, gemosa da smenis SegrZnebebi. imas ki, rom
adamians bgerebis an sityvis gagoneba bgeris SegrZnebiT (Lautsinn) SeuZlia, cnebebisa da azrebisa _ cnebis
SegrZnebiT(Begriffssinn), amas sulismecniereba gvaswavlis iseve, rogorc imas, rom adamianis mes arseboba
mes SegrZnebiT(Ichsinn) an Sen-SegrZnebiT(Du-Sinn) aRiqmeba. `SegrZneba~, am mxriv, ewodeba yvelafers,
risi saSualebiTac adamians gansjiTi qmedebis gareSe SeuZlia risame wvdoma, Semecneba.
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aRqmaSi am cdebis saSualebiT Cveulebrivi aRqmebis mimarT axali Sinagani poziciis mopoveba xdeba. es pozicia iseTia, rom aRmqmeli aRqmas Tavisi yuradRebis garda
arafers uxvedrebs da yvelafers `garedan~ moelis. es gansakuTrebiT cnebebs da sxva
amgvars exeba. miuxedavad amisa, aseTi midgoma (ganwyoba) pasiurobis garda yvelaferia: `momlodine~ _ magram ara raime gansazRvrulis momlodine _ yuradReba udidesi
SesaZlo aqtivobaa. es pozicia msgavsia imisa, romliTac _ Tuki es sworad xdeba _ musikas vusmenT. musikasac xom arafers vuxvedrebT sakuTari Tavidan, aramed saSualebas
vaZlevT mas, Tavad imetyvelos.
musikis mimarT am poziciis miRweva imitomacaa ufro advili, rom aq Cven ar vcdilobT, mas cnebebi, sityvebi, mza azrobrivi Jestebi SevageboT. is ganwyoba ki, romelsac am cdebis saSualebiT veswrafviT, xelovnebiseuls mxolod enaTesaveba, masTan
igiveobrivi ki araa; is mieltvis ara mSvinviers, aramed WeSmaritebas . igi saSualebas aZlevs aRqmiT samyaros _ gansakuTrebiT bunebas _ im mimarTulebiT `gamoTqvas
Tavis saTqmeli~, sadac misi `azria~, misi `mniSvnelobaa~. bunebis fenomenebis mimarT
aRqmisa da cnebis SekavSireba xom nominalizmia da sxva araferi. sinamdvileSi Cven
ar viciT, ra `azri~ aqvs `mixaks~ an `maisis xoWos~, rogorc Cven es viciT, vTqvaT,
`kovzis~ Sesaxeb. bunebis fenomenTa mniSvnelobis wvdoma Cveulebrivi azrovnebiT
SeuZlebelia. SegrZnebiTi Tvisebriobebic ki ukve imdenad maRali rangis cnebiTobebia, rom maTi gamoxatva Cveulebrivi cnebebiTa da sityvebiT SeuZlebelia. amitomac
ver axsni, ra aris yviTeli da ra aris lurji. aseve naklebad SeiZleba gamoxato sityvebiT, ras `niSnavs~ romelime Citis WikWiki, anda lomis Rriali.
pozicia aRqmis samyaros mimarT nela icvleba da misi simZimis centri grZnobiT
cxovrebaSia. iseTi SegrZneba gviCndeba, TiTqosda aRqmis samyaros arsi Cvevebis, swavliT SeZenilis, cnebaTxlarTis xaliCis ukan iyos damaluli. drogamoSvebiT xaliCa
odnav iWimeba xolme da iqidan samyaros namdvili arsi grZnobiTac gamoasxivebs. am
wamebSi `eqsperimentatori~, bunebis scenis Semxedvare, SeigrZnobs azrs (mniSvnelobas), sibrZnes, harmonias:
`yvavil-zanzalaki
miwidan droze
adre aRmocenda
sayvarel molze;
movida futkari,
igema turfad:
erTmaneTisTvis
yofilan sul mTlad~.
goeTe, `tolni da sworni~.
Zveli indoelebi amgvar wamebs uwodebdnen `aseTnairad yofnis~(`TaTata~) danaxvas.
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4. Tuki eqsperimentatori grZnobs, rom savarjiSos Sesrulebisas is sxvagvar
grZnobebs ganicdis, vidre Cveulebriv; rom aRqmas Tan axlavs axali _ TumcaRa, SesaZloa, Cumi grZnobebi, maSin mas SeuZlia scados, aRqmis am formas (oRond yovelTvis
savarjiSos saxiT) mimarTos patara uwyinari tkbobis SemTxvevaSic (Wama, sma, moweva ...),
vinaidan adamiani bevrad ufro metad aris gaxlarTuli tkbobaSi, vidre sxva saxis aRqmebSi. misTvis ufro advilia karga xnis ganmavlobaSi tkbobis yvelaze ubralo da
uwyinari saxeebiT eqsperimentireba. pirveli gamocdilebebi gviCvenebs, rom tkbobaTa intensivoba am cdebSi matulobs. es intensivoba imave saxisa rodia, rogorc winandeli. jer intensivobis momatebas gamovcdiT, Semdeg ki mis axal Tvisebriobas mivaqcevT yuradRebas. tkbobasTan muSaoba mudam windaxedulad, frTxili mcdelobis saxiT unda xorcieldebodes, Tanac _ TamaSiT.
Cumi, windaxeduli yuradRebianobis meoxebiT SegrZnebiTi aRqmis intensivoba izrdeba. Tuki Cven raRac fenomenis mzerisas yuradRebas gemos an sunis SegrZnebaze gavamaxvilebT, masze (am fenomenze) spekulaciis gareSe, an gansjiseulad misi Sesatyvisi
gemos povnis mcdelobis gareSe, amiT aRqmaSi gaZlierdeba gemos _ Sesabamisad, sunis _
komponenti, romelic isedac yovelTvis aris aq (oRond SeumCnevlad) da Tavisebur
elfers aniWebs gancdas. tkbobisnair aRqmebsac imave meTodiT SegviZlia mivudgeT.
gancdili tkbobis warmodgenac xels uwyobs misi Tvisebriobis gardaqmnas.
Cveni ganwyobis Secvla tkbobaTa sferos mimarT mTeli Cveni cxovrebis warmarTvisTvis Zireuli mniSvnelobis mqonea; maSin igi imaze rodiRa iqneba orientirebuli,
rac sasiamovnoa da komfortuli. egoizmi, romelic dRes adamians mis saqmianobaSi,
grZnobaSi da arcTu iSviaTad, azrovnebaSic, axasiaTebs, SeiZleba daiZlios, Tu gancdis sferoSi axali saxis sixaruli Semova. es gardaqmna yvelaferia, garda iolisa,
komfortulisa Tu sasiamovnosi. magram mas ufro didi sixaruli moaqvs. mas SeiZleba
`wminda sixarulic~ ewodos.
da Tumca es gza Zneli gasavlelia, [iqneb Rirdes,] davadgeT mas, Tuki ar gvsurs,
kacobrioba daiRupos im cxovrebis SedegTa wyalobiT, romelic egoisturobiTaa gansazRvruli.
[`Rirs ki misi mitoveba, Tu maincdamainc ara?~]
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5.
Semecnebis gzis struqtura*
5.1
ra aris Semecnebis gza?
Semecnebis gzam ufro srulyofil Semecnebamde unda migviyvanos. amisTvis ki
saWiroa, adamiani mTlianad gardaiqmnas _ adamianis SemecnebiTi unari xom didadaa
adamianis samSvinvelis struqturasa da samSvinvelis higienaze damokidebuli. Semecnebis gza, diaxac, Tavidan bolomde samSvinvelis higienis sakiTxebTanaa dakavSirebuli, vinaidan dRevandel adamians cxovrebaSi SemecnebisTvis vargisi Zalebi, ubralod, TavisTavad eZleva da vinaidan man am ZalebiT unda imoqmedos, Torem maTgan
dabrkolebebi warmoeqmneba: qvecnobieri mSvinvieri formebi.
Semecnebis mniSvneloba adamianis mTeli cxovrebisTvis ki, SeiZleba iTqvas,
dRemde SeumCneveli rCeba. rogorc wesi, adamianisTvis amosavali wertili isaa, rom
realoba mza saxiT arsebobs, adamianis mier misi Semecnebis gareSec. adamiani am realobas iRebs rogorc mocemuls, romlis Secnobac mis mier mxolod SemdgomRa xdeba.
adamiani ver aRiqvams imas, rom mas yovelTvis sinamdvilis suraTTan aqvs saqme, romelsac Tavisi aracnobierad miRweuli Semecnebis Sedegebi gansazRvravs _ suraTTan,
romelic Tavis TavSi ukve moicavs swored im Semecnebas, romelsac adamiani cnobierad mxolod Semdgom, meore aqtSi mimarTavs. ramdenad gvaTavisuflebs es meoradi
Semecneba samyaros im suraTze mijaWvulobisgan, romelic CvenTan im asakSi yalibdeba,
roca Cven TviTcnobierebis mqone arsebebi jer kidev ara varT, amas is sinamdvile
gansazRvravs, romelSic adamiani Semdgom cxovrobs. Tuki Cven sinamdviles SevxedavT, yvela safuZveli gvaqvs, ukmayofiloni viyoT Semecnebis im saxisa, romliTac es
sinamdvile Seiqmna.
adamiani rogorc Seimecnebs, iseve cxovrobs. Tavis samyaros, cnobierad Tu aracnobierad, is yovelTvis Tavisi Semecnebis mixedviT moawyobs. ase qmnis Semecneba realobas da amiT safuZvels uyris morals. Semecneba Tavad jer kidev arafers ambobs
imaze _ ra unda vqna, rogor unda moviqce. magram is gansazRvravs da imis gzebsa da SesaZleblobebs iZleva, rogor SeiZleba risame miRweva an risame Tavis arideba. moraluri aqti, rogorc wesi, Semecnebas mohyveba.
savsebiT bunebrivia, daisvas kiTxva: aris ki yvela aseTi wvrTnisTvis mowodebuli?
amis kriteriumebi SeiZleba or kiTxvaSi movaqcioT:
1. saidan giCndeba azrebi? Sen qmni maT Tavad, Tu isini geZleva Sen?
2. saidan giCndeba aRqmebi? Sen qmni maT Tavad, Tu isini geZleva Sen?
rogorc unda JRerdes pasuxi _ amaze zusti pasuxis gacema sruliadac ar aris
ioli _ mopasuxe wvrTnis amgvari gzisTvis momwifebulia, Tuki misTvis es kiTxvebi
gasagebia; kerZod, Tuki es gasagebia, man icis, `azrebsa~ da `aRqmebSi~ ra igulisxmeba. amis gageba ki niSnavs, rom masSi Semcnobi samSvinveli(Bewustseinsseele) ukve aris imdenad Camoyalibebuli, ramdenadac es Semecnebis wvrTnisTvisaa saWiro. mopasuxe Tavis moumwifeblobas daamtkicebs, Tuki misi pasuxidan gairkveva, rom mas es kiTxvebi
ver gaugia. am SemTxvevaSi mas Tavisi cnobierebis SinaarsTa Wvreta ar ZaluZs. es ki
masSi cnobieri samSvinvelis arsebobis kriteriumia. Semecnebis gza, romlis eskizic
aqaa warmodgenili, Semcnobi samSvinvelis Semdgom ganviTarebas emaxureba. Semcnobi
samSvinveli yvela `normalur~ adamianSia met-naklebad ganviTarebuli, visac ki evropul-amerikuli aRzrda `ugemia~. TavisTavad cxadia, Semecnebis gzaze fexs iseTi
veravin Sedgams, visac mZime mSvinvieri problemebi aqvs, an visac amaSi sxeulebrivi
daavadeba uSlis xels.
rac Seexeba asaks, aq dRes raRac erTiani kriteriumis dadgena Znelia. oci wlis moxucebic arian, oTxmocdaaTi wlis axalgazrdebic arseboben. asakze gacilebiT ufro
metad mniSvnelovani cxovrebis pirobebia. saorientaciod SeiZleba iTqvas: Semecnebis wvrTna maTTvisaa aqtualuri, vinc pirispir awydeba cxovrebis siZneleebs da ki ar
gaurbis maT, aramed aqtiuri gareT gamovlenili arseboba aqvs da vinc sakuTar saarsebo saSualebebzec ki damoukideblad zrunavs. sruli seriozulobiT Semecnebis
wvrTnas aseTi adamiani Tu moekideboda. Semecnebis unaris wvrTna _ es adamianis Tavi*
es Tavi SegiZliaT gamotovoT da mogvianebiT waikiTxoT, Tuki misdami interesi gaiRviZebs
TqvenSi.
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sufali mSvinvieri da sulieri Zalebis aRzrdaa, aRzrdis meSveobiT maTi mopovebaa,
mopoveba im Zalebisa, romlebic aseTi wvrTnis gareSe adamianisTvis zecnobieri rCeba.
da es wvrTna aseTi ganviTarebis Semaferxebel faqtorTa Tavidan acilebis mcdelobaa. misi meSveobiT adamianis improvizatoruli, SemoqmedebiTi, aramza, CvevebiT
SeuzRudavi arsebis, adamianis avtonomiuri arsebis gaZliereba xdeba. SegviZlia asec
vTqvaT: imis sapirispirod, rac adamianSi, yvelaze farTo gagebiT, meqanikurad, mza
formebis meoxebiT xorcieldeba, cnobierebis wvrTnisas sityvismieri arsebis xelSewyoba xdeba, rom is ufro Zalmosili gaxdes. adamiani sul ufro da ufro metad
swavlobs sityvis mixedviT cxovrebas. ase rom, aq saqme mxolod SemecnebiT unarTa
ganviTarebas rodi exeba. isini, SeiZleba iTqvas, mxolod gzaa (Tumca ara SemovliTi
gza) adamianis gardaqmnisa adamianad, rogoric mas namdvilad SeuZlia iyos.
es gza azrovnebis aRzrdiT unda daiwyos _ Cven xom yovelives azrobrivi gadawyvetilebebis gavliT vakeTebT. maSinac ki, Tuki azrovnebaze uaris Tqmas movindomebT, es
iqneba mizani, romelsac isev azrovneba daisaxavs da gadawyvets; saSualebebsac am miznis misaRwevad isev azrovneba moZebnis. Cven ukve davinaxeT, azrovneba araazrovnebis _
egoisturi arsebis _ samsaxurSi myarad rom dgas. pirveli nabijebi SemecnebiT gzaze _
es qvecnobieri arsebis uRlidan azrovnebis gaTavisuflebis mcdelobaa.
Tuki es nabiji garkveulwilad ganxorcielda, maSin adamiani Tavis cnobierebaze
muSaobas im punqtebSi ganagrZobs, sadac igi kacobriobis ganviTarebam miiyvana: cnobierebis zRvrul gamocdilebebSi, azrovnebis, aRqmis, warmodgenis fesvebSi. es fesvebi, rogorc fesvebi gadmotrialebuli mcenaris suraTze, zemoT miemarTeba.
am nabijebis meSveobiT adreuli, aracnobieri aRzrdis narCenebi, yvelanairi dogma, crurwmena, azrovnebiTi, grZnobiTi da nebelobiTi Cvevebi TandaTanobiT unda moiSalos. isini xom cnobierebaSi moqmedebs, rogorc CanarTebi, romlebic xels uSlis
da aferxebs sasicocxlo `sisxlis mimoqcevas~. amas aRniSnuli gamaTavisuflebuli savarjiSoebi emsaxureba. mza warmonaqmnTagan daubrkoleblad yvela adamianisTvis
saerTo zecnobier elementze muSaobas, masze zrunvas Cvevismieris atana ar SeuZlia, Tuki ar daSala is da xelaxla ar Camoayaliba.
im mSvinvieri poziciis mopoveba, romelic cnobierebis ganviTarebis gzazea saWiro, ioli amocana rodia. is xom yoveldRiuri cxovrebisTvis Zalian ucxoa. principSi,
is am cxovrebisTvisac idealuri poziciaa, magram cxovrebis mdinarebas dRes sxvagvari stili aqvs. es ganwyoba (pozicia) dRes xelovnebiseul qmedebaSi gvxvdeba da igi
misTvis iseve aucilebelia, rogorc wvrTnis gzazea aucilebeli. mas SeiZleba, o.
haqslis sityvebiT, `aqtiuri simSvide~ an `aqtiuri moSvebuloba~ vuwodoT. es nervul niadagze warmoSobili daZabulobis, spazmebis, stresis da ase Semdeg, sapirispiro ram aris. daZabuli, dakrunCxuli TiTebiT, dakrunCxuli xeliT verc davukravT
da verc davxatavT. musikaSi mecadineobisas bevrs muSaoben xelis moSvebaze, rom xelma xelovnebis sferoSi inspiraciis Sesabamisad qmedeba SeZlos. cnobierebis Jestebis
SemTxvevaSic amas unda mivaRwioT. problema aq nebelobaSia. neba, romelic gareTaa
mimarTuli, cnobierebis savarjiSos ver ganaxorcielebs. is, rasac, Cveulebriv, spontanurobas uwodeben, nebelobiTi aqtis sapirispiroa. is spontanuroba, romelic
savarjiSoebis Sesrulebisas unda movipovoT, mozrdils TavisTavad sulac ar gaaCnia.
aseTi spontanuroba Cveni nanebebia, oRond _ ara Cveulebrivi nebiT; aRmosavleTSi
ityodnen: aramnebavi nebao. Cven mas improvizaciuli neba SegviZlia vuwodoT. winaswar ar aris cnobili, improvizebuli ra iqneba da mainc, is SemTxveviTi ar iqneba; is
arc qariT motanili iqneba da arc uazro; is Zalian uaxlovdeba TamaSs da aris kidec
TamaSi. pasiurobis sapirispirod es mzadyofnaSi myofi momlodine aqtiurobaa.
gza StudirebiT iwyeba. es Studireba (swavla, mecadineoba) imas emsaxureba,
rom gamocdileba SeviZinoT, cnobierebis fenomenebze dakvirvebis sferoSi vivarjiSoT; rom im realobaTaTvis, romelTa meoxebiTac cnobierebis fenomenebi, adamianis
da samyaros arsi aRweradi da gasagebi xdeba, CvenSi Tvisebrivad ufro maRali cnebebi
Camoyalibdes; rom erTgvari ruka movipovoT, romelzedac gza _ adamianisa da samyaros agebulebaSi(struqturaSi) saorientaciod _ winaswar moniSnuli iqneba.
meore mxriv, Studireba saWiroa, rom mSvinvieri gamocdilebis miRebisas iluziebi Tu Secdomebi Tavidan aviciloT. iluziebis sawinaaRmdegod am gzaze bevri risame
gakeTeba mogviwevs. es mxolod maSin iqneba SesaZlebeli, rodesac cnobierebas RviZavs, roca is fxizeli da sufTaa, sufTaa yovelive imisgan, rac azrovneba araa.
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Znelia imis aRwera, fortepianoze `kargad~ rogor ukraven _ friad dawvrilebiT
is Tu SeiZleba aRvweroT, ra unda aviciloT am dros Tavidan _ xolo cnobierebis
savarjiSoTa aRwera kidev ufro Znelia, radgan yoveli adamiani Tavad aris sakuTari
Tavis individualuri roiali, sakuTari Tavis individualuri notebi da imavdroulad, pianistic. amitom sasurvelia, es aRwera iseTnairad moxdes, rom romelime erTi nabijis aRweris Semdeg mkiTxvelma es aRwerili gaauqmos da sakuTar individualur
formaSi gadaiyvanos. es niSnavs, rom aq imedi gvaqvs mkiTxvelis mxridan intensiuri
TanamSromlobisa, misi faqizi STagrZnobis unarisa, romelic saWiroa imis gasagebad,
rac aq aSkarad arasakmarisi sityvebiTaa nagulisxmebi.
5.2
Studireba
Studireba im naSromebis kiTxvaa, romlebic dRevandel adamians, dRevandel cnobierebas, Semcnob samSvinvels xsenebul TemaTa ganxilvas sTavazobs. am wignis avtori
aq pirvel rigSi rudolf Staineris(1861-1925) Sromebs gulisxmobs, gansakuTrebiT _
nawerebs*. rudolf Staineri, romelmac anTroposofia anu anTroposofiuri
sulismecniereba daafuZna, iyo filosofosi, uwinares yovlisa ki _ sulis mkvlevari.
mas miznad hqonda, winandeli `okulturi~, ese igi, faruli kvleviTi sferoebisTvis
erTgvarad ufro maRali mecnieruli saxe mieca da amiT isini iseve sayovelTaod
misawvdomi gaexada, rogorc sxva mecnierebebia, magaliTad, maTematika. Tavis SromebSi
rudolf Staineri cdilobs, ori sxvadasxva mxridan gadmosces is, rac misi kvlevis
SedegebSi arsebiTia.
es gadmocema ioli rodia da naSromebic gasagebad sakmaod Zneli gaxlavT. es, erTi
mxriv, kargia, radgan mkiTxvelis gaaqtiurebas moiTxovs; meore mxriv ki, albaT, Znelad Tu moiZebneba Semoqmedeba, agrerigad qceuli gaugebrobaTa msxverplad; am naSromebis bedi Zalian hgavs saxarebebis beds, romlebic qristianobis arsis amsaxvelia.
ris gasamarTleblad aRar gamouyenebiaT isini?!
gadmocemis siZneleebi im viTarebiTaa ganpirobebuli, rom aq saqme `informaciebs~
rodi exeba. im sferoTa Sesaxeb, romlebic faqtobrivi sinamdvilis miRma, sagnebisa da
fizikurad aRqmadi movlenebis samyaros miRmaa, raime informaciaTa arseboba SeuZlebelia, vinaidan es sferoebi is samyaroa, romlis wyalobiTac iqmneba da yalibdeba
faqtebi, sagnebi, fizikuri SegrZnebebiT aRqmadi movlenebi, ese igi, qmnadobis samyaro. ra aris informacia? informacia niSnavs _ A tolia B-si. magram iseTi ram, rogoricaa `aris~, sulis samyaroSi ar arsebobs. iq arc windawin, Semecnebamde dadgenili
elmentebi A da B arsebobs da aqedan gamomdinare, arc raime codna maT Sesaxeb. informaciis Teoria ki, romlis ganxilvis sagani informaciaTa gadacemaa da ara informaciaTa warmoSoba, am elementTa arsebobas gulisxmobs.
sulis samyaro mudmiv gardaqmnaSia, vinaidan is Semecnebis samyaroa da ara Secnobilis Cveuli samyaro; yoveli Semecnebis Sedegad is icvleba; Semecneba misi nawilia.
Cveni ena (metyveleba) mTlianad informaciaTa gadacemasaa morgebuli. sulis samyaros aRsawerad misi pirdapiri gamoyeneba SeuZlebelia. magram arapirdapiri gziT am
mizans is orgvarad SeiZleba emsaxuros. erTi mxriv, is xatovani formirebisTvis gamoiyeneba, romelic aRsawer sulier samyaroze miuTiTebs, rogorc werilobiTi niSani
miuTiTebs imaze, rasac is aRniSnavs. `Zroxa~ _ es xuTi aso Zroxaze ise miuTiTebs, rom
masTan sul mcire msgavsebac ki ar gaaCnia. aseve daxatuli Zroxac, rogorc is suraTebian wignSi gvxvdeba, mxolod miniSnebiT, transformirebulad Tu hgavs imas, rasac
is `gamoxatavs~: pataraa, organzomilebiania, qaRaldisaa, melnisaa da ase Semdeg. adekvatur gagebamde rom mivides, amisTvis adamianma am suraTebis `kiTxva~ unda iswavlos,
man isini `TiTqosda~-s mniSvnelobiT unda gaigos. suraTebi uSualo realobas ki ar
gadmogvcems, aramed am realobis mSvinvier-sulieri gancda SeiZleba warmoSvas. es ki
dRevandel adamians ase ubralod rodi `eZleva~. amitomac aqvs mas midrekileba, suraTebisgan kidev sxva, warmodgeniTi samyaro aagos, romlisTvisac mas arc aRqma gaaCnia
da arc Sesabamisi cnebebi, rogorc, saerTod, Cveulebrivi warmodgenisas xdeba.
aRweris meore gza mkiTxvelis yuradRebas cnobierebis procesebze, ufro zustad
_ Semecnebis procesebze miapyrobs. yuradRebis wyalobiT Semecnebis procesebi Zlierdeba da yuradReba Tavis Tavs aZlierebs. radgan gacnobierebis donem aiwia, amitom
*
[da ara wakiTxuli leqciebis (romelTa ricxvi 6000-s aRwevs) Canawerebs]
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winarecnobieris [cnobieriswina] Tu zecnobieris zonebi, romlebic yoveldRiuri
cnobierebisTvis, Cveulebriv, dafarulia, axla naTdeba. ase Sedis movarjiSe adamiani
Semecnebis samyaroSi _ sulis samyaroSi. is gamocdilebebs iZens SemecnebaSi da es
gamocdilebebi intuiturad unda Camoyalibdes, rom xatovani aRwerilobebis gageba,
maTi `gadaTargmna~ gaxdes SesaZlebeli. es xatovani samyaro, cnebaTa Camoyalibebis
TvalsazrisiT, igivea, rac SegrZnebebis saSualebiT boZebuli aRqmiTi samyaroa
bavSvisTvis Cveulebrivi cnebebis Camosayalibeblad. aRqmis SezRudulobisas cnebebi Znelad, Zunwad Tu yalibdeba an saerTod ar warmoiqmneba.
kvlevis aRweris es ori gza ase avsebs erTmaneTs. cnobierebis procesebis aRwerilobaTa gacnobisas, romelTac Sinagani yuradRebisken mivyavarT, damkvirvebeli
azrovneba iRviZebs, romelic, pirvel rigSi, Semmecnebeli cnobierebis fenomenebs,
Semdgom ki _ cnobierebis mxriv Semecnebis damabrkolebel faqtorebsac akvirdeba. am
damkvirveblobiTi saqmianobisas Sesabamisma axalma cnebebma, ideebma unda gamoanaTos,
Torem amis gareSe _ iseve, rogorc es Cveulebrivi aRqmisas xdeba _ dakvirveba sruliad ver moxdeba. es axali cnebebi (magaliTad, `cocxali azrovneba~, `naazrevisgan~
gansxvavebiT) Tavis TavSi Sinagan xatovanebas atarebs, romelsac fizikurad SegrZnebadi aRqmebis xatovanebasTan, anda am SegrZnebebis safuZvelze Camoyalibebul warmodgenebTan saerTo araferi aqvs. rac ufro metad SesaZlebeli xdeba imaze koncentracia, rom am `damkvirveblobiT saqmianobas~ gamocdilebiT mivsdioT da ara msjelobiT, daskvnebis gamoyvaniT, miT ufro xatovani xdeba wminda azrovnebaSi warmoSobili cnebebi. es cnebebi ara sagnebs, aramed procesebs Seesatyviseba.
roca amgvari varjiSis Semdeg _ aseTi kiTxva xom varjiSia(!) _ xatovan aRwerilobebze gadavalT, maTTan dakavSirebiTac amgvari azrovneba unda gamoviyenoT, ese igi, ara
warmodgeniTi, aramed wminda azrovneba, ganwmendili: warmodgenebisgan, aRqmis
narCenebisgan da raRa Tqma unda, winaswarakviatebuli Sexedulebebisganac, agreTve,
mogonebebisa da Cvevebisgan. SevecadoT, teqsti ise wavikiTxoT, TiTqos misi sityvebi
pirvelad gvesmodes. yovelgvari asociacia unda dumdes. maSin winaswar SemuSavebuli unaris _ Sinagani xatvis unaris _ wyalobiT aRwerilobaTa xatebi im mimarTulebas
iZens, romelic unda SeiZinos imis Tanaxmad, rogorcaa isini nagulisxmebi. isini, rogorc Sinagan gancdaTa simboluri niSnebi, mkiTxvelSi saWiro, Sesaferis cnebebs gamoiwvevs.
Studireba fizikurad SegrZnebadi wminda azrovnebis varjiSi da misi gamomuSavebaa. wmindas mas imitom vuwodebT, rom is aRqmis elementTagan, grZnobismierisgan
(Cveulebrivi gagebiT), akviatebuli Sexedulebebisa da asociaciebisgan Tavisufalia. dRes adamians maTematikis, logikis, geometriis sferoebSi wminda azrovnebiT
ZaluZs imoqmedos. aseTi Studirebisas ki man am Tvisebis cnobierebis fenomenTa sferoze ganvrcoba unda iswavlos. es niSnavs, rom wminda azrovneba axla ukve sakuTar
Tavsac rTavs dakvirvebaSi, romelic sul ufro da ufro Sinagani xdeba. es nabiji _
SemecnebiTi qmedebis realobaSi CarTva _ samyaros axali xedvis formirebis saqmeSi
umniSvnelovanesia.
zemoT gamoTqmul azrTa msvlelobas Tu mivyvebiT, sasurvelia, Studireba iseTi
nawarmoebiT daviwyoT, romelic cnobierebis procesTa enazea dawerili*; Sinagani
dakvirvebis unaris mopovebis TvalsazrisiT garkveuli winsvlis SemTxvevaSi amis
*
rudolf Staineris ZiriTadi Sromebis erTi nawili cnobierebis fenomenTa enazea dawerili: `goeTes msoflmxedvelobis Semecnebis Teoria Sileris Suqze~ _ `Grundlinien einer
Erkenntnistheorie der Goetheschen Weltanschauung~, `WeSmariteba da mecniereba~ _ "Wahrheit und
Wissenschaft", `Tavisuflebis filosofia~ _ "Die Philosophie der Freiheit", `goeTes msoflmxedveloba~ _ "Goethes Weltanschauung", `mistika axali drois sulieri cxovrebis aRmavlobis xanaSi~ _
"Die Mystik im aufgange des neuzeitlichen Geisteslebens", `qristinoba rogorc mistikuri faqti~ _ "Das
Christentum als mystische Tatsache", `ze-Semecnebis safexurebi~ _ "Die Stufen der höheren Erkenntnis",
`adamianis TviTSemecnebis gza~ _ "Ein Weg zur Selbsterkenntnis des Menschen", `sulieri samyaros
zRurbli~ _ "Die Schwelle der Geistigen Welt", `adamianis gamocanis Sesaxeb~ _ "Vom Menschenrätsel",
`samSvinvelis gamocanaTa Sesaxeb~ _ "Von Seelenrätseln", `anTroposofiuri saxelmZRvanelo
debulebebi~ _ "Anthroposophische Leitsätze", `Tvrameti werili wevrebs~ _ "Achtzehn briefe an die
Mitglieder".
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paralelurad an amis Semdgom aviRoT nawarmoebi, romlis wakiTxvac meorenairad* aris
saWiro; magaliTad, ase: `jer Tavisuflebis filosofia~, Semdeg `Teosofia~. rogor
unda mivudgeT am teqstebs, amas Sesabamisad TiTo magaliTze mivaniSnebT. Tavdapirvelad ganvixilavT adgils `Tavisuflebis filosofiis~ me-3 Tavidan.
`es aris azrovnebis Taviseburi buneba, rom moazrovne iviwyebs azrovnebas, roca
mas axorcielebs. is azrovnebas ki ar aqcevs yuradRebas, aramed azrovnebis sagans,
romelsac Tavad ganixilavs.
pirveli dakvirveba, romelsac Cven sakuTar azrovnebaze vaxdenT, aseTia _ rom
azrovneba Cveni Cveulebrivi sulieri cxovrebis is elementia, romelic dakvirvebis
gareSe gvrCeba.
yoveldRiur sulier cxovrebaSi ratom ar vakvirdebiT azrovnebas, amis mizezi
sxva araferia, Tu ara is, rom azrovneba Cvens sakuTar qmedebas eyrdnoba. is, rasac
Tavad ar warmovqmni, Cemi dakvirvebis velSi sagnobrivi saxiT Semodis. me vdgavar mis _
rogorc Cem gareSe warmoqmnilis _ winaSe. me mas vawydebi. me is Cemi azrovnebiTi
procesis winapirobad unda vaRiaro. saganze azrovnebisas me am sagniT var dakavebuli.
Cemi mzera maszea mipyrobili. ase vaxden azrovnebiT dakvirvebas. Cemi yuradReba
Cems qmedebaze ki ara, am qmedebis obieqtzea mimarTuli. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT:
rodesac vazrovneb, me Cems azrovnebas ki ar vakvirdebi, romelsac Tavad warmovSob,
aramed azrovnebis obieqts, romelsac me ar warmovqmni.
amave mdgomareobaSi var im SemTxvevaSic, roca gamonaklis mdgomareobas vuSveb da
Cems azrovnebaze vazrovneb. Cems amJamindel azrovnebaze azrovneba me ar ZalmiZs; me
mxolod is SemiZlia, rom gamocdilebebi, romlebic me Cemi azrovnebiTi procesis
Sesaxeb SeviZine, mxolod Semdgom vaqcio obieqtad. Cems amJamindel azrovnebaze dakvirveba rom momendomebina, me or pirovnebad unda gavxleCiliyavi: erTi iqneboda,
romelic azrovnebs, da meore, romelic am azrovnebisas sakuTar Tavs akvirdeba. es me
ar ZalmiZs. es me mxolod or calkeul aqtSi SemiZlia ganvaxorcielo. azrovneba,
romelzedac dakvirveba unda warmoebdes, arasodes aris imave dros moqmedi, aramed
es sxva azrovnebaa; sulerTia, am mizniT Cems dakvirvebebs ufro adrindel azrovnebaze vaxden, sxva pirovnebis azrovnebis msvlelobas vadevneb Tvals Tu, dasasrul,
rogorc biliardis burTebis moZraobis aRweril SemTxvevaSia, faqtobrivi azrovnebiTi procesis arsebobas vgulisxmob.
es ori ram _ qmediTi warmoqmna da gverdidan Wvreta _ erTmaneTTan SeuTavsebelia.
codna amis Sesaxeb ukve moses pirvel wignSi gvaqvs mocemuli. pirvel eqvs dRes RmerTi qmnis samyaros da misi Sexedvis, Wvretis SesaZlebloba mxolod maSin warmoiSoba,
roca [Seqmna dasrulda]: `da ixilna RmerTman yovelni, raodenni qmnna da aha keTil
friad~. asevea Cveni azrovnebis SemTxvevaSic. is jer mocemuli unda gvqondes, Tuki
masze dakvirveba gvwadia~.
teqstSi aRweril dakvirvebebs Tavad mivyvebiT, roca gacilebiT mets vigebT,
vidre masSia naTqvami. cnobierebis sxva qmedebebs Tu SevadarebT, `azrovnebis Taviseburi buneba~ TiTqosda sruliadac ar unda iyos damaxasiaTebeli mxolod azrovnebisTvis: mxedvelobas, gemos, warmodgenasac viviwyebT Cven, roca isini qmedebaSia
CarTuli; am dros isinic TavianTi obieqtiTaa dakavebuli da Sesabamisad, Cvenc. magram azrovnebisgan isini imiT gansxvavdeba da es Cveni Semdgomi dakvirvebaa, rom sakuTar Tavze dakvirveba, sakuTari Tavis aRqma maTTvis sruliad SeuZlebelia. rodesac
Cven aRqmis sxvadasxva saxeebs an warmodgenas `vakvirdebiT~, es azrovnebis daxmarebiT
xdeba; roca maT Sesaxeb vazrovnebT, am drosac azrovneba moqmedebs. aq axal gamocdilebaTa mTeli kona iCens Tavs: cnobierebis yvela fenomens Cven azrovnebis meSveobiT
vakvirdebiT; azrovnebaa is, rac yovelives Sesaxeb raRacas gveubneba. riT xdeba
azrovnebaze _ warsuliseul azrovnebaze _ dakvirveba? azrovnebiTve. azrovneba
iazrebs naazrevs. es `gaazreba~ orgvarad SeiZleba gavigoT: is SeiZleba naazrevis
Sinaarss an qmedebas exebodes, Sesabamisad _ namoqmedars, romlis saSualebiTac am
*
meorenairad, xatovani Txrobis stilSia dawerili: `Teosofia. samyaros zegrZnobadi
Semecnebis Sesavali da adamianis daniSnuleba~ _ “Theosophie. Einführung in übersinnliche
Welterkenntnis und Menschenbestimmung”, `rogor mivaRwioT zena samyaroTa Semecnebas?~ _ “Wie
erlangt man Erkenntnisse der höheren Welten?“, `idumalTmetyvelebis narkvevi~ _ “Die Geheimwissenschaft im Umriß“, `akaSas qronikidan~ _ “Aus der Akasha-Chronik“, `adamianisa da kacobriobis
sulieri winamZRoloba~ _ „Die geistige Führung des Menschen und der Menschheit“.
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Sinaarsis warmoCena moxda. Tuki aq azrovnebis dakvirvebazea saubari, maSin meore
mniSvneloba igulisxmeba. ras SeiZleba davakvirdeT am gagebiT?
roca azrTa msvlelobis Sinagan formas vWvretT, azriani da mizandasaxuli qmedebis kvals vxedavT. es miT ufro TvalSi sacemia, rac ufro gonebamaxviluri an axali
cnebis maformirebelia esa Tu is azri. aq `mosinjvis~ niSanwyalsac ki versad povebT _
TiTqos `viRacam~ zustad uwyodes, `rogor xdeba yovelive es~, TiTqos viRaca nabijnabij warmarTavdes azrovnebiT process. am SemTxvevisTvis raime nimuSi, raime norma
Cven xom ar mogveZeveba _ da aseTi ram kidevac rom arsebobdes, im instancias, romelic
azrovnebas warmarTavs, xom windawinve unda SeZleboda mocemuli SemTxvevisTvis
swori nimuSis arCeva. es azrovneba iseT kavSirebs amyarebs, manamde rom ar arsebobda,
an faruli saxiT arsebobda.
SeiZleba imasac davakvirdeT, rom `azrovneba~ aq gagebulia rogorc formalurad
msgavs qmedebaTa erTianoba: azris ubralo gameoreba, azrTa kombinacia, ori an meti
azris urTierTkavSiri da sruliad axadi ideebis Seqmna. mza, gacnobierebul azrovnebas metyvelebiTi forma aqvs. da rogorc ki azrovneba raime enis sityvebiT gveZleva, is ukve warsuliseuli azrovnebaa. Tuki enobrivi formis warmoSobas davakvirdebiT, SegviZlia davadginoT, rom is cnobierad rodi warmoiqmna; marto is ki ara, rom
am enobrivi formis warmoqmnisas yuradReba ar migviqcevia winadadebis wyobisa da
gramatikisTvis, aramed, umetes SemTxvevaSi, maTi wesebi arc ki viciT. dedaenaze ki
gramatikuli codnis mixedviT erT SemTxvevaSic ki ar vsaubrobT. umetesad mogvianebiTac ki ar SegviZlia imis garkveva, rogor moxda azris formulireba. is, rac azrovnebas mis msvlelobaSi warmarTavs, enobrivi formulirebis SemTxvevaSic moqmedebs. azrovneba metyvelebaSi cnobierdeba, miuxedavad imisa, rom es forma winarecnobierad Tu zecnobierad yalibdeba iseve, rogorc Tavad azri: ufro maRal doneze
azrovnebis warmmarTveli winaswar unda acnobierebdes am instancias _ winaswar, metyvelebamde, romelic, vTqvaT, am mocemul SemTxvevaSi SemiZlia avirCio: germanulad
vTqva es Tu inglisurad?
azrovneba, rogorc wesi, `yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi~, gamomdinare `Taviseburi
bunebidan~, sakuTar Tavs ver aqcevs ganxilvis sagnad. magram Studirebis meSveobiT
SesaZlebelia am `Taviseburi bunebis~ anulireba da am mxriv `gamonaklisi mdgomareobis~ miRweva. oRond amis unari bavSvs ar Seswevs. mxolod mozrdils SeuZlia, warsuliseul azrovnebas axali azrovnebis meSveobiT `uyuros~. instancia, romelic
warsuliseul azrovnebas Wvrets, Tavad ar SeiZleba warsulSive imyofebodes; maSin
xom is ver SeZlebda, warsulisTvis Seexeda. mas, rogorc warsuls [Cavlils], saerTod
ar eqneboda `xedvis~ (Wvretis) unari. mWvreteli instancia warsuli azrovnebis gareTaa, amJamindelobaSia, magram roca azrovneba daapirebs _ sakuTar amJamindelobas
swvdes, yovelTvis agviandeba, radgan is ukve Cavlilia.
azrovnebas SevigrZnobT rogorc cnobierebis iseT qmedebas, romelic yvelaze
ufro `Cveneulia~, romlis miRmac mTlianad Cven vdgavarT. da mainc, rac unda Rrmad
Cahyves Cveni yuradReba azrovnebas (da mas amis SesaZlebloba aqvs), Cven ver vityviT,
rogor vazrovnebT. `is jer mocemuli unda gvqondes, Tuki masze dakvirveba gvwadia~.
azrovneba TviTaRmqmelia, mogvianebiT mainc man yovelTvis icis, ra gaiazra. `Cemi azrebis aRqma~ igivea, rac: `vazrovneb~, an `gaviazre~. vinc icis, ra gaiazra, azrovnebis
amJamindelobis `momswrec~ unda iyos, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi _ misi mniSvnelobis
gasagebad _ warmoSobili azris xelaxla gaazreba mouxdeboda. aseT `ganmeorebiT
azrovnebas~ bolo ar eqneboda. magram azrovneba rom cnobieri gaxdes, ese igi, azrebis
aRqma rom moxdes, amisTvis azrovneba warsuli [Cavlili], sityvebSi Camoyalibebuli
unda iyos. azrovnebis rogoroba iseve naklebad cnobieria, rogorc metyvelebis rogoroba. amitomac azrovneba da metyveleba jer mocemuli unda gvqondes, rom, TiTqosda garedan gamovikvlioT maTi rogoroba, garedan davakvirdeT maT. maTi warmoSoba, saTave CemSi zecnobieria da zecnobieradve rCeba. misi zecnobieri fazaa misi
amJamindeloba.
es dakvirvebebia da ara logikuri daskvnebi. aq logikuri daskvnebi rac ufro
naklebad Caereva, miT ufro metad inaTebs axali xatovaneba, gansakuTrebiT, azrobriv
formebze dakvirvebisas. Tavdapirvelad es xatovaneba, SesaZloa, ruxi, Sav-TeTri
iyos, magram male sacnauri xdeba feradovneba _ azrTa msvlelobis Sesabamisad. rogorc formebi, ise ferebi araa fizikurad SegrZnebad aRqmaTa mogonebebi da mainc SeuZlebeli xdeba am gamocdilebaTa formulireba sxvagvarad, Tu ara im gamoTqmebiT,
romlebic fizikurad SegrZnebad STabeWdilebebs eyrdnoba. es aris ara azrovneba,
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aramed dakvirveba, Wvreta, xedva _ mWvreteli (schauend) azrovnebis meSveobiT. es
movarjiSe adamianis axali miRwevaa.
zemoT aRwerili mxolod erT-erTia im uTvalav SesaZleblobaTagan, rogoradac
SeiZleba aq moyvanili teqstis damuSaveba. isic cxadia, rom msgavsi ram pirvelad
wakiTxvisas (damwyebTa SemTxvevaSi) Znelad Tu moxerxdeba. am magaliTebiT mxolod im
mimarTulebas, im gzas cxadvyofT, Tu rogor da ra yaidaze unda imuSaos aseT teqstze
mkiTxvelma.
[sulieri] kvlevis Sedegebis xatovani aRwerilobebis magaliTad moviyvanT mokle
fragments naSromidan _ `Teosofia~ (Tavi: `sxeuli, samSvinveli da suli~).
`sasicocxlo Zalis gamoxatulebebs adamiani Cveulebrivi SegrZnebebiT ver aRiqvams. igi xedavs mcenareTa ferebs, grZnobs maT surnels. sasicocxlo Zala aseTi
dakvirvebisTvis dafaruli rCeba. magram, rogorc brmadSobils ara aqvs ufleba, uaryos ferebi, aseve Cveulebriv fizikur SegrZnebebs ara aqvs ufleba, uaryos sasicocxlo Zala. brmadSobilisTvis iarsebebs ferebi, rogorc ki mas operacias gaukeTeben.
swored aseve iarsebebs adamianisTvis aRqmis saxiT ara mxolod individebi, aramed
sasicocxlo ZaliT Seqmnili _ mcenareTa da cxovelTa nairgvari saxeobebi, rogorc
ki mas gaexsneba organo amisTvis. am organos gaxsnis meoxebiT adamianis winaSe sruliad
axali samyaro wardgeba. axla igi ukve aRiqvams cocxal arsebaTa ara mxolod ferebs,
suns da ase Semdeg, aramed Tavad am cocxali arsebebis sicocxles. yovel mcenareSi, yovel cxovelSi igi garda fizikuri iersaxisa kidev sicocxliT aRsavse suliseul iersaxesac SeigrZnobs. is rogorme rom gamovxatoT, am suliseul iersaxes
eTeruli sxeuli an sasicocxlo sxeuli vuwodoT~.
mkiTxvelma, albaT, SeniSna, raoden aris teqsti _ da asea mTeli es naSromi _ aRqmaze orientirebuli. sasicocxlo sxeulis raobis gansamartavad moyvanili Sedarebebi
fizikurad SegrZnebadi aRqmebis sferodanaa aRebuli. `sasicocxlo Zala~ _ gana SeiZleba aRviqvaT raime, rogorc Zala? Cveulebrivi SegrZnebis organoebiT es SeuZlebelia; Cven xom aRqmad sagnebze ZalTa zemoqmedebas aRviqvamT mxolod. im SemTxvevaSic
ki, roca, magaliTad, saqme eleqtrobas exeba. sasicocxlo Zala aRqmadSic vlindeba: is
xom cocxal arsebaTa cocxal iersaxes calkeuli mineraluri Semadgeneli nawilebisgan qmnis. SeiZleba daisvas kiTxva: es am ZalTa eraTaderTi gamovlinebaa? cocxali
iersaxe ar aris nivTieri. misi aRqma Cveulebrivi fizikuri SegrZnebebiT an fizikuri
aparatebiT SeuZlebelia, rameTu sicocxlis iersaxe Tu sasicocxlo forma (teqstSi
mas `suliseuli iersaxe~ ewodeba), magaliTad, mcenarisa, aris Semajamebeli (kvintesencia) mTeli wrebrunvisa: Tesli _ zrda _ kvirti _ ayvaveba _ nayofi _ Tesli; magram
mcenaris saxeobis SesaZlo variaciebic _ niadagis gvarobis, wyliT momaragebisa Tu
amindis da ase Semdeg, Sesabamisad _ am suliseuli iersaxis ideaSi Sedis. es suliseuli iersaxe procesia, igi movlenaTa samyaroSi SesaZlo sxvadasxvagvar variaciebs
moicavs. oRond saxeobis mudmivobis farglebSi: anemoni (yvavili [frinta]) yvelanair
garemoebebSi anemonad rCeba. es suliseuli iersaxea, maSasadame, TvalisTvis, an raime
aparatisTvis uxilavia, magram realobaa, Tanac gacilebiT ufro mZlavri realoba,
vidre xilvadi mcenare. mcenare xom cvalebadi da warmavali individualuri iersaxea, maSin, roca `suliseuli iersaxe~ rogorc weliwadis droTa msvlelobiT gamowveul cvlilebebs, aseve zeindividualursac moicavs. xom mcenareTa saxeobebi arsebobs mxolod da arasodes _ raRac erTi, erTaderTi egzemplari.
Tuki yuradRebas mudamJams cvalebadi sasicocxlo `iersaxis~ ideas mivapyrobT da
mas wminda azrobrivad vcnobT rogorc ufro mZlavr realobas mis gamovlinebasTan
(gamovlenasTan) SedarebiT, maSin gasagebi gaxdeba, rom mas `iersaxe~ aq sruliad sxva
mniSvnelobiT ewodeba, vidre amas Cven varT Cveulni. mas Tavisi gansazRvrulobis gamo
ewodeba ase da es saxeobriv gansazRvrulobas emTxveva. Teslidan, misi sakuTari Tvisebriobisa da garemo pirobebis _ niadagis, amindis da ase Semdeg _ wyalobiT patara,
daleuli mcenare aRmocendeba Tu jansaRi da mZlavri, saxeoba mainc gansazRvrulia. es
icis yvela mebaRem, yvela glexma. saxeoba Cveni Cveulebrivi azrovnebisTvis abstraqciaa _ `gaerTianeba individebisa, romlebic saxeobas ganekuTvneba~. es formulireba arcTu ise moklebulia iumors. Cven ki vnaxeT, rom es sulieri iersaxe, romelic
saxeobas gansazRvravs, ufro mZlavri realobaa, vidre es individebia. individebi
warmoiqmnebian da kvdebian, maSin, roca saxeoba cocxlobs da mraval individsa da Taobas moiTvlis.
georg kiulevindi – normaluridan jansaRisken
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amgvarad, saxeoba anu sulieri iersaxe aris idea, oRond cocxali da sicocxlis
mqmneli idea. is `gansazRvrulia~, ramdenadac mcenaris saxeobaa gansazRvruli; individebSi is gamovlinebis formaTa mravalferovnebas moicavs. es `iersaxe~ Cveulebrivi xateba ar gaxlavT. aqedan gamomdinare, misi warmodgena Cveni aRqmiTi warmodgenebis
nimuSis mixedviT SeuZlebelicaa. magram vinc aRwerili samuSao Tavisuflebis filosofiidan moyvanil teqstze Seasrula, naTesaobas SeigrZnobs axali saxis xatovanebasTan, romelic aq gancdaSi gveZleva. xatovaneba, romelic azrovnebaze dakvirvebisas gamobrwyindeba, vargisia imisTvis, rom misi meSveobiT sasicocxlo sxeulis sulier iersaxes CavwvdeT.
adamians mcenareTa mraval saxeobaze dakvirveba, e.i. mravali gansazRvruli sulieri iersaxis ganxilva ZaluZs amgvarad. es ki niSnavs, rom igi Tavis TavSi cocxali ideebis `gaazrebisa~ Tu sicocxlis sulier iersaxeTa `aRqmis~ unars atarebs, anda SeuZlia ganiviTaros is. es mxolod im SemTxvevaSia SesaZlebeli, Tuki mis gankargulebaSi
Tavisufali saxiT iqneba is, risganac es sasicocxlo Zalebi Sedgeba. adamians, sazogadod, nebismieri risame, nebismieri ideis gaazreba SeuZlia. mcenaris saxeobis
idea gansazRvrulia. formawarmomqmneli Zalebi, romlebic adamianSi garkveul sulier iersaxes agebs, adamianis gansazRvruli eTeruli sxeulis Camoyalibebuli formis garda, Tavisufali formiTac arsebobs: amitomac hqvia mas adamiani sxvebs Soris.
cocxali anu amJamindeli `azrovneba~ aris qmedeba sasicocxlo ZalebSi da sasicocxlo ZalebiT. rodesac isini iersaxezea mijaWvuli, maSin Cven eTerul sxeulze vsaubrobT, xolo roca es Zalebi Tavisufalia da droebiT nebismieri saxe SeiZleba miiRos
Semecnebisas, maSin maT SemecnebiTi Zalebi SeiZleba vuwodoT. eTeruli Zalebi yvela
SemTxvevaSi iersaxis warmomqmnelia, gansxvavebiT fizikaluri Zalebisgan.
naTelia, rom am SemTxvevaSi teqstSi, pirvel rigSi, wminda azrovnebiT, warmodgenis gareSe moxda xatovanebis gaazreba. warmodgena gadafaravda gzas axali xatovanebisken. igive exeba sxva suraTebs, ferebs, bgerebs da ase Semdeg. isini Cveulebriv
warmodgeniT suraTebze rodi migvaniSneben. isinic moyvanili magaliTis analogiurad
unda transformirdes, isev ukan unda gadaviyvanoT gamocdilebaSi, saidanac momdinareobs da romelic maTi meSveobiT aRiwereba.
gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mieqces aRwerilobaTa rogorobas, vinaidan,
umravles SemTxvevaSi, gamocdilebis arsi ufro metad amiT gamoixateba, vidre maTi
raobiT.
rudolf Staineri xSirad xazgasmiT aRniSnavs, rom advili araa gameoreba im gamocdilebisa, romelTac Tavad is aRwers, magram winaswari akviatebebisgan Tavisufali, jansaRi adamianuri gansjisTvis es aRwerilobebi gasagebia. am wignis mkiTxvelebs
es gamoTqma albaT naklebad Seiyvans SecdomaSi, vidre sxvebs, radganac Cven davinaxeT,
ra iSviaTia jansaRi gansja Tu goneba. amave azrisa gaxldaT r. Staineric: `magram es
jansaRi adamianuri gansja _ jer mopovebuli unda iyos garjiT, SromiT; is dRes ar arsebobs, is kvlav unda iyos mopovebuli. is, rac adreul epoqebSi atavisturad jer kidev hqondaT _ kavSiri sulier samyarosTan _ da rac dRes aRar gagvaCnia, axla im gzebiT
unda iyos mopovebuli, romlebsac anTroposofia gvisaxavs*~. vinc dainteresebulia,
gaerkveva, raoden maRali moTxovnebis Sesrulebas gulisxmobs Staineri, roca ambobs:
`jansaRi adamianuri gansja~**.
vinc cotaTi mainc ganicada `swori metyvelebis~ arsi, moerideba Studirebis
masalaze iolad saubars imis gaTvaliswinebis gareSe, rom aq saqme arasodes exeba
Sinaarsebs, codnas, informaciebs.
yvela savarjiSo da eqsperimenti, romelic me-4 TavSi aRvwereT, SesaZlebelia da
unda gakeTdes Studirebis dawyebamde, ese igi, pirvel rigSi, swor metyvelebaSi
varjiSi da koncentraciis savarjiSos romelime erTi saxe, raTa cnobierebis dakvirvebisTvis da masze dafiqrebisTvis saWiro simSvide da koncentrirebuloba ganvamtkicoT. es savarjiSoebi Studirebis paraleluradac SeiZleba ganvagrZoT. Semdgom mocemuli savarjiSoebis Sesruleba ki mkiTxvelma, dae, mxolod maSin daiwyos, roca is
StudirebaSi ukve imdenad gaiwafeba, rom cnobierebis fenomenebze damoukidebeli
*
**
R.Steiner, GA 176, 26.06.1917
Sdr. G. Kühlewind, Die Wahrheit, Tavi: “Das geistewissenschafliche Studium”, Stuttgart, me-2 gamocema,
1982
georg kiulevindi – normaluridan jansaRisken
96
dakvirveba SeeZleba da roca masSi adamianis arsebisa da misi cnobierebis xateba warmoiqmneba.
Studireba arasodes wydeba. wvrTnis dros ganvlili gzis gviandel fazebSi is
meditaciur kiTxvad gadaiqceva. masala ki meditaciisTvis gamudmebiT iqidan mogvaqvs,
rasac sulis mkvlevari gadmogvcems. ras gulisxmobs sulis mkvlevari StudirebaSi,
misive sakuTari sityvebiT unda gadmoices: `Studireba aris ara swavla, rogorc is
Cveulebriv xorcieldeba xolme, aramed unda mivideT imis aRiarebamde, rom adamianisTvis arsebobs azrovneba, romelic jer kidev denadi, namdvili azrovnebaa, romlis drosac adamiani Tavis irgvliv yovelgvar fizikurad SegrZnebad aRqmas gamoricxavs. ...adamianma yovelives daviwyeba, yovelives ugulebelyofa unda iswavlos, rac
SegrZnebis organoze garegnulad moqmedebs, oRond ise, rom is mainc cariel WurWlad
ar darCes. es SesaZlebelia, Tuki Cven wminda, fizikuri SegrZnebisgan Tavisufal
azrobriv SinaarsSi CavRrmavdebiT, rogorc mas sulis mkvlevari gadmogvcems da davukvirdebiT imas, rac aq ganviTardeba. me Cems nawerebSi am gzas mivyvebodi da ise
maqvs Cemi naSromebi dawerili, rom, rogorc cocxal arsebaSi erTi wevri amoizrdeba
meoridan, aseve organulad amodis maTSi erTi azri meoridan. ...visac aRmasvla surs,
amgvarad unda waikiTxos is, rasac sulieri mecniereba gviziarebs. visac aRmasvla ar
surs, mas is SeuZlia Cveulebrivi wigniviT waikiTxos~.*
5.3
koncentraciis savarjiSoebi
azrovnebiTi koncentracia
TavSi 4 ukve iyo mocemuli koncentraciis elementaruli savarjiSoebi, romlebic
me-s avtonomiis gaZlierebas emsaxureba. yuradReba koncentrirebuli xdeba, es ki avtonomiis sazomia. rodesac adamianis mier Seqmnil, CvenTvis advilad misawvdom raime
sagans viazrebT, imavdroulad mniSvnelovan gamocdilebas viZenT Tavad azrovnebisa
da azrovnebis xelis SemSleli faqtorebis Taobaze. es faqtorebi zegavlenas axdens
azrovnebis mdinarebaze _ an gadagvaxvevinebs misgan, anda Tvlemas gvris mas. rac ufro
koncentrirebulad vfiqrobT saganze da rac ufro umniSvnelo da uinteresoa is, miT
ufro fxizeli xdeba Cveni azrovneba. es sifxizle, Cveulebriv, koncentrirebuli
kiTxvisas, mecnieris, xelosnis Tu xelovanis muSaobisas da ase Semdeg, sagans exeba.
Tuki koncentracia raime uintereso saganze varjiSdeba, rogorc l’art pour l’art**, maSin
gaZlierebuli sifxizle sagnidan Tu Temidan qmedebazec, azrovnebazec, cnobierebazec vrceldeba _ amasTan, Temidan gadaxvevis gareSe. am procesis wyalobiT adamiani
im gamocdilebamde midis, rom Tema, magaliTad, kovzi _ naazrevia. is, rac adamians
ZaluZs, moiazros da warmoidginos sagnis Sesaxeb, sagnis irgvliv _ naazrevi da warmodgenili _ warmoSobilia da warmoiSoba misi qmedebis meSveobiT, iqneba es SefasebiTi, aRweriTi azrebi, Tu mogonebis suraTebi sagnis Sesaxeb. vazrovnebT naazrevis,
manamde moazrebulis Sesaxeb _ `namdvili~ kovzi xom cnobierebaSi ar Semodis!
am sinamdviles Tu realurad davinaxavT, CvenTvis umalve cxadi gaxdeba, rom adamianis mier Seqmnili sagani azris meSveobiT ideidanaa warmoSobili; sxvagvarad misi
moazreba SeuZlebeli iqneboda. es idea sagnis funqcionirebaa da ara mxolod erTi
sagnisa _ imisa, romelic CvenTvis Temad iqca _ aramed yvela misi msgavsi sagnisa. yvela
kovzi erTi da imave principis ganmaxorcielebelia, yvela maTgani erTsa da imave samsaxurs asrulebs. es idea ar aris warmodgeniTi suraTi. Cven xom yovelTvis mxolod
erTi kovzis warmodgena ZalgviZs _ iqneba es kovzi, Cven mier nanaxi, Tu Cveni fantaziiT Seqmnili. es idea arc sityvaa _ rogoricaa sityva `kovzi~. vinc `kovzis~ funqcia
ar icis, is sityva `kovzi~-sgan am funqciis Sesaxeb verafers Seityobs. kovzis gamomgonebels odesRac swored es usityvo da uxato idea hqonda_ imas xom ar SeeZlo,
gaexsenebina romelime kovzi da arc sityva [saxelwodeba] hqonda misTvis. es idea Cvens
bavSvobaSi zecnobierad migviRia da amitomac vcnobT yvela kovzs, ganurCevlad maTi
sididisa, masalisa, ferisa, iersaxisa (formisa) da ase Semdeg.
Cven axla SegviZlia es idea anu sagnis funqcia koncentraciis savarjiSos Temad
vaqcioT. Tavidan es srulebiT ar gamogviva: mudam warmogvidgeba raime garkveuli sagani misi funqcionirebisas (magaliTad, kovzi, romliTac wvnians miirTmeven), an kidev
*
**
R.Steiner, GA 97, 22.02.1907
l’art pour l’art _ [xelovneba xelovnebisTvis(frang.)]
georg kiulevindi – normaluridan jansaRisken
97
vcdilobT funqciis azrobriv formulirebas. erTic ki am orTagan araa idea. ideaze
gadasvla imiT SegviZlia gaviadviloT, rom warmovidginoT mTeli rigi Sesabamisi sagnebisa (patara Tu didi kovzebi, CamCa da ase Semdeg) maTi funqciobisas, Semdeg ki SevecadoT, maTSi raRac saerTo davinaxoT _ moviazroT.
es wminda azrovnebas moiTxovs. idea, funqcia xom arc suraTia, arc sityva; aqedan
gamomdinare, verc erTi iqneba Cvens cnobierebaSi da verc meore. cnobiereba ki mainc
fxizeli unda darCes, amjerad _ xatovani da gaazrebuli Sinaarsis gareSe. Cveulebrivi cnobierebisTvis es araraa, razedac amjerad xdeba koncentracia da mainc SeiZleba movaxerxoT _ viazrovnoT masze ise, rom is raimed, naazrevad ar iqces. magaliTad, raime idea, funqcia mxolod mudmiv azrovnebaSi SeiZleba arsebobdes da araviTar SemTxvevaSi _ naazrevis saxiT. amitom azrovneba Tavisi procesidan arasodes unda
amovardes (rogorc es, Cveulebriv, yovel wams xdeba _ intensiuri azrovnebis drosac
ki). is, rac cnobierebaSia, SeiZleba iyos Sinagani sinaTlis gancda, an Crdilis gancda
sinaTleSi, an kidev raRac feri, suni da ase Semdeg. umetes SemTxvevaSi amas win uswrebs gancda imisa, rom Tavad viqceviT am sagnad, mis funqciad.
roca koncentraciis savarjiSo am fazaSia, roca miRweulia ideaze koncentracia,
rac organulad varjiSidan, qmedebidan unda gamomdinareobdes, maSin movarjiSe
Tavidan jer isev `sagniT~ aris dakavebuli. mas xom surs, `idea~ moiazros, mas surs,
rom idea warmoCndes, `amovides~, gamobrwyindes. roca es xerxdeba da Tuki am dros
daxanebac SesaZlebelia, ese igi, Tuki es ara mxolod erTi gamoelvebaa (rogorc es
umeteswilad dasawyisSi xdeba xolme), maSin sifxizlis gavrceleba cnobierebis qmedebaze Tavisi intensivobiT yvela adrindel gamocdilebas gadaaWarbebs. ideis `moazrebis~ dros xom qmedeba da `obieqti~ savsebiT erTia. idea ar arsebobs masze moazrovne qmedebis gareSe. ar arsebobs mogoneba masze, misi `gamogoneba~ ar xdeba. es SeiZleba asec gamoiTqvas: axla viciT, ras niSnavs sityva `kovzi~ _ azrovnebis TviTaRqma
warsulis cnobierebidan awmyoobis (amJamindelobis) donemde amaRlda.
idea, umartivesi sagnebis ideebic ki, `raRac~ rodia, aramed xdomilobaa. is xdeba. xdomilobis, qmnadobis am process Cven, Cveulebriv, misi Sedegebis wyalobiT vicnobT, magaliTad, intuiciis wyalobiT raRac idea rom gagvielvebs xolme, an kidev
roca Cven raimes vigebT. rogorc am qmnadobas, ise mis Sedegs Cven `intuicias~ vuwodebT. varjiSis dros vcdilobT, intuiciis procesSi davrCeT, ramdenime xani iq davyoT, davaxanoT. rac ufro metad vaxerxebT amas, miT ufro Zlierad inaTebs is xatovaneba, romlis Sesaxebac Studirebis ganxilvisas gvqonda saubari.
es gamocdileba aris ufro maRali saxis wminda azrovneba, davaneba(yofna) cocxal
azrovnebaSi, ideis uJamo dabadebis momentSi. movarjiSis qmedeba da ideis qmnadoba aq
erTi da igive realobaa, cnobierebis Suqi sakuTar qmedebas moicavs da amiT _ moqmedsac, realur mesac. es me-gamocdileba isaa, rac adamians darwmunebulobasa
da simtkices aniWebs da rac yovel mSvinvier problemas kurnavs, vinaidan
is gamocdilebaa. adamians ar sWirdeba raimenairi `dasabuTeba~, dadastureba Tu
TviTdadastureba Tavisi arsebobisa. am gamocdilebas sulis Zireuli gancda SeiZleba vuwodoT. aq imis gancda xdeba, rogor SeiZleba romelime enis sityvaTa gareSe
viyoT cnobieri, `vazrovnebdeT~, SevimecnebdeT.
yvelanairi varjiSisas pirveli miRweva SedarebiT ioli mosapovebelia. momdevno mcdelobisas, rogorc wesi, gacilebiT ufro met siZneleebs vawydebiT. es imitom, rom pirveli miRwevis Semdeg movarjiSe adamiani Tavisdauneburad iqmnis warmodgenas, mogonebas gancdis Sesaxeb da Semdeg isev mas elodeba. es warmodgena unda gadailaxos, radganac sulier gamocdilebaSi araferi meordeba. meore, mesame gancda
winamavali gancdisgan yovelTvis gansxvavebuli iqneba.*
koncentraciis savarjiSos dros yuradReba yoveldRiuri cnobierebisTvis ucnob
or fenomenzea mimarTuli. erTi is gaxlavT, rom ideaSi qmnadobis, procesis aRqma
xdeba. es Tavdapirvelad naTebisa Tu gamobrwyinebis procesia, sinaTlis gancda,
Sinagani sinaTle _ erTi safexuriT ufro dabla Cven mas `gagebas~ vuwodebT. Semdgomi
mcdelobebis dros, SesaZloa, sinaTle SevicnoT rogorc saerTod cnobierebis sinaTle. rac ki cnobierebaSi naTeli, dakvirvebadi _ SegrZnebadic kia, am Suqisgan Sedgeba.
*
am TemisTvis ix. agreTve: G. Kühlewind, Bewustseinsstufen, Tavi: “Das Grunderlebnis des Geistes” da
“Konzentration und Kontemplqtion”, me-2 gamocema, Stuttgart, 1982
georg kiulevindi – normaluridan jansaRisken
98
meore gamocdileba am Suqis ufro axlos gacnobaa. es fizikuri anu optikuri sinaTle
rodi gaxlavT, romelic sagans garedan anaTebs, Tavad ki forma, iersaxe, `sityva~
saerTod ar gaaCnia. cnobierebis sinaTle sityva-sinaTlea, igi raRacas ambobs. xatovnad Tu vityviT, idea Tavad aris sinaTle, manaTobeli Suqi, radganac is Suqiseuli
iersaxea da am SuqSi vlindeba, gamoixateba. igi metyvelebaa usityvod, sametyvelo
enis sityvaTa gareSe. es procesi, naTeba Suqis meSveobiT ametyveldeba. aseTi metyvelebis meSveobiT cnobierebis am procesSi Sinagnoba Zlierdeba. `Tqma~, `metyveleba~ xom imavdroulad `mosmenaa~, gagonebacaa. Tuki yoveldRiurobas mivubrundebiT, SevniSnavT, rom es aqac asea: Cven yovelTvis gvesmis is, vxedavT imas, rac gvesmis
da rasac vxedavT. aq gulubryvilo realizmze saubaric ar SeiZleba iyos. nivTebi,
romlebic TiTqosda Semecnebamde arsebobda, jer kidev araTviTcnobieri Semecnebis Sedegebia, romlebic adamians, Cveulebriv, gamoepareba xolme; adamiani maSinRa
fxizldeba, roca Semecnebis produqtebi uve saxezea. adamiani aRqmiTi samyaros sityvismierobas Tu gamoscdis, amiT gardaiqmneba samSvinvelis SegrZnebiseuli yalibi,
romlis mixedviTac samyaro ukve Semecnebamdec iseve mzaa da mocemuli, rogorc Semecnebis Semdeg.
raime obieqtze yoveli koncentrirebis wyalobiT Suqi efineba qmedebis procesSi
myof cnobierebas. es cnobierebis Suqi anu sityva-sinaTle, Tavisi mTlianobiTi bunebis gamo, aerTianebs naTeba-xedvasa da Tqma-mosmenas, akavSirebs obieqtsa da subieqts;
isini masSi erTdeba. sityva-sinaTlis meSveobiT gancda Sinagnobas, SegrZnebiT xasiaTs
iZens, maSin, roca yuradRebis areSi erTianobis Sinagani polusi (`xilva-gagoneba~)
xdeba mniSvnelovani. SegveZlo asec gveTqva: sityva-sinaTle Sinaganad anaTebs. idea
CemSia, me Tavad var idea. amgvarad midis adamiani mes gancdamde. ideis gaazreba-nebaWvretis wyalobiT igi _ misi yuradReba _ awmyoobis (amJamindelobis) donemde aiwevs,
sadac realuri me-gancda xdeba SesaZlebeli.
aq Cven vxedavT aRqmis mcdelobaTa mniSvnelobas, rac me-4, Terapiul TavSi iyo aRwerili: aRqmulis warmodgenisas aRqmis obieqtisgan yvela SegrZnebiTi Tvisebis CamoSorebaa SesaZlebeli. ra safuZvelze xdeba es, amas sityva-sinaTlis ideis gancdisas
vigebT. SegrZnebiTi Tvisebebi sityva-sinaTlis nawilebia, romlebisganac Sedgeba
obieqti da romlebiTac mosavs obieqts adamianis Semmecnebeli samSvinveli. am orTagan, romlebic TiTqosda frazis ori naxevaria, cal-calke aRebuli TavisTavad arc
erTia WeSmariteba.
aRqmiTi koncentracia
aRqmiTi koncentraciis savarjiSoebi 4.6 TavSi iyo aRwerili. isev isini daedeba
safuZvlad gafarToebul aRqmas, oRond aqcentis gadatana axla ufro metad koncentrirebaze unda moxdes. kargi iqneba, jer SegrZnebiTi Tvisebebis palitra moviaroT;
Temad feri, gemo, suni, bgera da ase Semdeg, avirCioT da Semdeg SevadaroT yvavilis
feri mcenaris, foTlis simwvane _ adamianis mier damzadebuli xelovnuri yvavilis
Tu mcenaris, agreTve raime mineralis ferebs. cotaodeni varjiSis Semdeg amas agregatul mdgomareobaTa urTierTSedareba SeiZleba daematos: imis, rac myaria, Txevadia,
Tu airi. mogvianebiT SegviZlia airis Semdgomi gadayvana siTburSi, magram, amasTan, raime warmodgena Cveulebriv siTboze, siTbos yoveldRiur SegrZnebaze varjiSSi ar unda SevitanoT.
SegrZnebaTa Tvisebebis Semdeg sasicocxlo mdgomareobaTa dakvirvebasac SeiZleba
mivmarToT: davakvirdeT kvirtebis, foTlebis an Canasaxebis aRmocenebas , ayvavebas, Wknobas, nayofis simwifes da ase Semdeg, anu mcenaris sasicocxlo fazebTan dakavSirebul procesebs. amas sayovelTao bunebriv movlenebze dakvirveba SeiZleba daerTos: mzis amosvla da Casvla, xeebi da wyali qarsa da wynar amindSi da ase
Semdeg. varjiSis Semdgom fazaSi SegviZlia erTmaneTs SevadaroT bgerebi: aracocxali
bunebis bgerebi cxovelTa mier gamocemul bgerebs, Tuki SesaZlebelia _ veluri cxovelebis bgerebsac.
am winaswari savarjiSoebis Semdeg SevecadoT, SevigrZnoT mcenareTa cxovreba, maTi
`stili~, saxeoba. aseTnairadve SegviZlia vivarjiSoT cxovelebis SemTxvevaSic, amasTan, sasurvelia, moZraobisas davakvirdeT maT. yvela savarjiSoSi SevecadoT, sxvadasxva SegrZnebas mivaqcioT yuradReba, rogorc es 4.6 TavSi iyo aRwerili. aRqmis SemTxvevaSi ar arsebobs is safexuri, romelic azrovnebiT savarjiSoSi warmoCndeba xolme
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rogorc ideis `moazreba~. Cven xom bunebis saganTa ideebs ar `vicnobT~, adamianis mier
Seqmnili sagnebi ki, romelTa funqcia CvenTvis ucnobia, am funqcias aRqmas ki ar umxels, aramed mxolod kombinirebul azrovnebas umxels xolme xandaxan. amitom aRqmaSi ar arsebobs Sualeduri safexuri koncentraciasa da meditacias Soris, romelic
azrovnebisTvis, rogorc ideebze koncentracia, sagnebze koncentraciidan gamomdinareobs.
yvela aRqmiT savarjiSoSi mniSvnelovania, imas veswrafodeT, rom azrovnebis monawileoba SeZlebisdagvarad minimumamde daviyvanoT. am savarjiSoebSic koncentrirebuloba cnobierebis mimarTulebiT sifxizles aZlierebs.
mcenareTa saxeobebze varjiSis Semdeg cxovelTa saxeobebze dakvirveba SeiZleba
vcadoT. aq Zalian davitvirTebiT asociaciebiT da winaswari warmodgenebiT, romlebic aracnobierad moqmedebs; es varjiSis dros ar unda davuSvaT. yvelaze Znelia
savarjiSoebi mineralebze; maTi cnebiToba Tu idea bunebis saufloTa Soris umaRlesia.
warmodgeniTi koncentracia
koncentrirebuli warmodgena, rogorc ukve vaxseneT, iseT Temebze unda vavarjiSoT, romlebic TavisTavad araa saintereso, aRmgznebi Tu amaRelvebeli. sxva yvelaferi SeiZleba obieqtad gamodges. varjiSi sworad mimdinareobs, Tuki adamians am
dros Tavdaviwyeba iseve SeuZlia, rogorc azrovnebiTi an aRqmiTi koncentraciis
pirvel fazaSi. aq yoveldRiuri me unda daviviwyoT, WeSmaritma mem TviTgamocdilebamde misvla rom SeZlos. TviTdaviwyebisas adamiani TemasTan erTiandeba, erwymis
mas da Tavad iqceva Temad. warmodgenisas es yvelaze Znelia, radganac adamianis mxridan ormag qmedebas moiTxovs: suraTis, xatebis saxiT gaxsenebas da cnebiTobas.
warmodgena adamianis xeliT Seqmnili sagnis moazrebaSic TamaSobs garkveul
rols. Cven SegviZlia sagnis aRweriTi moazreba azrebSi, agreTve sityvebiT formulirebuli saxiTac. SeiZleba gagviCndes azrebi mis Sesaxeb, aseve SegviZlia misi warmodgena, Sesabamisad _ mis irgvliv warmodgenebis Seqmna. orive maTgani unda vavarjiSoT.
sagnis yureba aseTi varjiSis dros savsebiT mcdari iqneboda, radgan koncentrirebuli azrovneba da imavdroulad risame mzera SeuZlebelia.
Tuki savarjiSoebs regularulad SevasrulebT, dReSi erTxel an orjer yoveldRiurad, Cven winaSe male wamoiWreba kiTxva: unda vcvaloT Tu ara Tema da ra sixSiriT.
es sakiTxi imasTanaa dakavSirebuli, rom varjiSis dros mosalodnelia mobezreba,
romlis Tavidan acilebasac vimedovnebT axali Temis SemotaniT. magram Temis Secvla
mxolod droebiTi Svelaa. mobezreba imitom Cndeba, rom sakmaod koncentrirebulad
ar vvarjiSobT, ese igi, arafers viqmT. Tu namdvilad varT varjiSSi CarTulni, SeuZlebelia is mogvbezrdes. koncentrirebuli qmedebisas cnobierebaSi mobezreba ar
`xdeba~, ramdenadac is mTlianad TemiT aris aRvsili. umetes SemTxvevaSi aseTi azri
Tu dakvirveba gviSlis xels: `igive vifiqre guSinac.~ roca es azri mogvdis, es niSnavs, rom cnobierebaSi Temis garda am azrisTvisacaa kidev datovebuli adgili, gaelvebis saSualeba. ase rom, cnobiereba arasakmarisad yofila Temaze mimarTuli. `imaves~ vfiqrobT, an warmovidgenT Tu ara, amas (iseve, rogorc wina savarjiSoSi) qmedebis
intensivobasTan kavSiri saerTod ara aqvs; principSi, ganze gaxedvis saSualeba ar unda gvqondes Semotovebuli imis dasanaxad, aris Tu ara Cveni naazrevi `igive~. azrovneba da warmodgena manamde namoqmedaris gaxseneba ki ar unda iyos, aramed _ aqtualuri
procesi.
aq SeiZleba naTeli gaxdes, ramdenad aris koncentrirebuloba moralis sakiTxi:
SegviZlia erT Temas mTlianad miveceT Tu amisTvis sxva, gverdiTi mizezebi `gvWirdeba~? koncentrirebuloba, am gagebiT, imavdroulad improvizaciasac niSnavs. koncentrirebul azrovnebaSi xom ar arsebobs gaxsenebis SesaZlebloba, SesaZlebloba
imisa, rom cali TvaliT `wignakSi~ CaviWyitoT, rom iq Semdgom azrebi amovikiTxoT;
azrovneba mTlianad unda eZleodes Tavis amJamindel qmedebas; mas mxolod improvezeba SeuZlia. maSasadame, koncentrirebuloba improvizirebas niSnavs.
azrovnebiTi, warmodgeniTi da aRqmiTi koncentracia wvrTnis gzaze paralelurad
an alternatiulad unda gavavarjiSoT, ama Tu im movarjiSe adamianis droisa da Zalebis Sesabamisad; mniSvnelovani ki is aris, rom samive es qmedeba cnobieri gaxdes da
cnobierad iyos ganxorcielebuli; mniSvneloba aqvs imas, rodis vasrulebT savarjiSoebs. amisTvis dRis ganmavlobaSi mSvidi momentebi unda SevarCioT, Tuki SesaZlebegeorg kiulevindi – normaluridan jansaRisken
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lia _ ritmulad, ese igi, mudam erTsa da imave dros. savarjiSos dasawyisisTvis mizanSewonilia, garkveuli Sinagani simSvide SeviqmnaT, SegveZlo asec gveTqva: gavaTavisufloT adgili savarjiSod.
5.4
meditacia
koncentraciis savarjiSoebiT _ imis meSveobiT, rom yuradRebas mxolod da mxolod erT gansazRvrul Temas mivapyrobT _ vcdilobT cnobierebis gaintensiurebas
mis funqciebSi: azrovnebaSi, aRqmasa da warmodgenaSi. koncentrirebulobis meoxebiT
cnobierebis ganaTebuloba icvleba. amis gamo cvlileba TemaSic xdeba: cnobierebis
qmedeba da Tema erTmaneTs uaxlovdeba. Temis aseTi Secvla yvelaze ukeT azrovnebiTi
koncentraciis magaliTze aRiwereba: adamianis xeliT Seqmnili calkeuli sagniT
viwyebT da mis ideamde vaRwevT.
ideis wvdoma warsuliseuli cnobierebiT SeuZlebelia, radgan idea intuiciis
sferos ganekuTvneba. ideaze koncentracia _ es gamiznuli intuiciaa; ideaSi daxaneba
cnobierebis Cveulebrivi cxovrebisTvis ucxo xilia.
intuiciis `gamiznulobas~ im sagnis ideasTan dakavSirebiT, romlis funqciac CvenTvis cnobilia, `gamarTlebad~ da sayrdenad isa aqvs, rom es idea Cven zecnobierad
bavSvobaSi gvaqvs `naswavli~, umetes SemTxvevaSi _ enasTan erTad, romelsac, rogorc
viciT, aseve zecnobierad viTvisebT. mogvianebiT `naswavli~ ideebic msgavs gzas gadis
_ maTi pirvelmniSvneloba CvenTvis arasodes cnobierdeba, radgan Cvens Cveulebriv cnobierebaSi is verafriT Tavsdeba. igive viTarebasTan gvaqvs saqme mraval arasagnobriv cnebiTobasTan dakavSirebiTac, rogoricaa, magaliTad, `dasawyisi~, `gan~,
`dartyma~ da ase Semdeg. yvela amgvar ideobriobas Cven yovelgvari siZnelis gareSe,
yovelgvari winaswari gaazrebis gareSe viyenebT. sityvas `dasawyisi~ Cven sul sxvadasxvanairi azriT, datvirTviT viyenebT _ droiTi, sivrculi, `abstraqtuli~ gagebiT, vinaidan pirveli idea, romelic CvenTvis zecnobieradaa `cnobili~, SesaZlebels xdis amas.
roca saqme sulier sferos exeba, enas pirdapir ver gamoviyenebT. Tuki raRac WeSmariteba, romelic sulis samyaros _ Semecnebis maRal doneebs, anda samyaros Sesabamis realobebs _ exeba, sityvebiT aris gamoxatuli, maSin zecnobierad SeTvisebuli
cnebebi da ideebi aseTi teqstis gagebaSi veRar gviSvelis. Cveulebriv, winadadebas
sityvidan sityvamde gagebis zecnobieri impulsis (moZraobis) meoxebiT vigebT; sityvebi arc unda dagvaviwydes da arc Cveulebisda mixedviT unda gagvaxsendes, Torem
gageba ver moxdeba. Cven Tvals vaSorebT calkeul sityvebs, rom winadadeba sityvebs
Soris amovikiTxoT. sxvagvarad, sityvebze CabRauWebulni davrCebiT, rogorc bavSvia
kiTxvis swavlis im etapze, roca is sityvebs sxapasxupiT kiTxulobs, winadadebis azrs
ki ver igebs. meditaciuri winadadebis SemTxvevaSi `Tvalis moSorebis~ Jesti sityvebidan imavdroulad mTel winadadebaze unda ganvavrcoT, radgan am winadadebaSi sityvebi iseTnairad rodia gamoyenebuli, rogorc maT Cveulebriv iyeneben xolme. maTi
mniSvneloba gansazRvrulia winadadebis azridan gamomdinare. amgvari winadadebis azri gamocanis amoxsnas mogvagonebs, oRond gansxvaveba isaa, rom am gamocanis amoxsna yoveldRiuri metyvelebiT sruliad SeuZlebelia. amitom misi gagebis meTodi ideasTan daxanebis msgavsia, oRond egaa, rom am ideas Cven zecnobieradac ki arasodes SevxvedrivarT. intuicia aq yovelgvari sayrdeni punqtis gareSe unda ganvaxorcieloT.
es idea ufro maRali Tvisebriobis mqonea, vidre CvenTvis _ ideebi.
aseTi ideebi SesaZlebelia teqstebis, winadadebebis saxiT, an simboluri suraTebis Tu figurebis saxiT vpovoT gamoxatuli. isini calkeul adamianTa sulieri gamocdilebidan momdinareobs. magram mTeli bunebac xom `suraTebisgan~ Sedgeba, romlebic maRal ideebs gamoxatavs. amitom bunebis fenomenTa gageba maT funqciaSi Tu maT
ideobriobaSi, rogorc wesi, ar ZalgviZs da maT nominalisturad vepyrobiT. Cven
gvaqvs saxelwodebebi da ara ideebi. aqedan gamomdinare, bunebis fenomeni aRqmiTi meditaciis Temad SeiZleba avirCioT. SemdgomSi vixilavT azrovnebiT, xatovan Tu
warmodgeniT da aRqmiT meditaciebs.
azrovnebiTi meditacia
koncentrirebuli azrovneba Tuki sakmarisad intensiuri gaxda, SeimCneva, rom
sityvebi naklebad mniSvnelovani xdeba da maTi ricxvic mcirdeba. gageba _ es uwyvegeorg kiulevindi – normaluridan jansaRisken
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tobaa da koncentrirebuli azrovneba miT ufro uaxlovdeba uwyvet gagebas, rac ufro metad koncentrirebuli xdeba is. metyvelebas uwyveti gageba wyvetil formaSi
gadahyavs: sityvebi gagebis mdinarebaSi relatiur amovardnas an Seferxebas niSnavs. rodesac Cven vkiTxulobT an vismenT rasme, isini cnobierebas isev da isev zecnobieri nakadisken zeaRsasvlelad aRZravs. amitomaa, rom ena, sityvebi gansakuTrebiT
vargisia imisTvis, rom maTze koncentrirebul azrovnebasa da meditacias Soris arsebul im mniSvnelovan Sualedur safexurSi vivarjiSoT, rasac raimeze Cafiqreba
hqvia.
raimeze Cafiqreba _ es aris koncentrirebuli azrovneba, romelsac sityvebze
TandaTanobiT uaris Tqma dauwyia. Temas Zaldautaneblad, magram Zalze intensiuri
yuradRebiT mivyvebiT. Sedegebic Zneli gamosaTqmelia sityvebiT. aviRoT, magaliTad, patara sityva `-gan~(aus)* da Tvali movavloT misi gamoyenebis sferoebs. gan (aus)
aRniSnavs sivrculobas, dros da sivrcismiRmurs, drois miRmiers. mas ormagi mniSvneloba aqvs, romelic `gamo-~(her aus)-sa da `ga~-Si(hin aus)-Si vlindeba, magram maT gareSec iCens Tavs; gan (aus) erTsa da imave dros miuTiTebs imazec, saidan(her), da imazec,
saiT(hin): gamonaorTqli, gamoZvroma da gadmosaxedi, ganvrcoba, agreTve, gawonasworeba da ase Semdeg. `gasrulda~(Es ist aus) _ es niSnavs, rom, raRac damTavrda, maSin,
roca `ga-~(aus) SeiZleba dasawyissac aRniSnavdes: `gamosavali~(ausgehen) ormniSvnelovani sityvaa. or- da mravalmniSvnelovnebas uamrav windebulsa da sityvaSi vawydebiT. Cafiqrebisas `gan~(aus) moZraobad warmogvidgeba, `Signidan gareT~(Von-innennach-auben) _ Jestad da sasargebloa, Tan Znelic araa, es sityva axla zmnad gardavqmnaT, rogorc amas viqmT kidec, roca mas _ cotaTi uxeSad _ imperativis formiT
viyenebT: `gadi!~(Aus!), `ganved!~(Hin aus!). garda amisa, gaazrebisas vcdilobT sityvis
sxvadasxva mniSvnelobebi erTdroulad, cnobierebis erT JestSi `moviazroT~,
Zaldautaneblad, araasociaciurad, raTa azrovnebis rogoroba, misi Sinagani sicxade
ufro amaRlebul formaSi gamovlindes. aSkaraa, rom Cveulebrivi azrovnebiT sityvis mniSvnelobaTa mTel mravalferovnebas (maT Soris _ urTierTsapirispiro mniSvnelobebsac) ver movicavT; Cafiqreba ki, yovel SemTxvevaSi, cnobierebis iseT sferos
exeba, sadac mravalmniSvnelovneba, dapirispirebuloba erT mniSvnelobad iqceva
xolme. miuxedavad mravalmniSvnelovnebisa, magaliTad, `gan~(aus) nawilakis mniSvneloba gansazRvrulia iseve, rogorc mcenaris saxeobaa savsebiT gansazRvruli, miuxedavad variaciebis uricxvi SesaZleblobisa drosa da sivrceSi. SesaZlebelia Cafiqreba arateqnikur sityvebze; aq gansakuTrebiT kavSirebi gamogvadgeba, rogoricaa:
`Tumca~(obwohl), `an~(oder), `mainc~(jedoch) da ase Semdeg.
Cafiqrebisas Tavs iCens mozrdili adamianisTvis dRes sayovelTaod qceuli unari
usityvod azrovnebisa. xdeba misi emansipireba iqidan, rac bavSvobis asakSi metyvelebasTan erT mTlianobas Seadgenda; aqedan warmodgeba SesaZlebloba Targmanisa,
Segnebuli Tqmisa, kompiuteris arsebobisa da a.S. magram aqedanve momdinareobs isic,
rom meditaciis unari sayovelTao unari xdeba. winadadebebze, sityvebze, teqstebze
meditireba xom, rogorc usityvo azrovneba SeiZleba ganvixiloT.
adamiani mudam usityvod azrovnebs, roca is marTla azrovnebs, ese igi, roca igi
axal rasme iazrebs. mas jer `raRacis Tqma swadia~, Semdeg ki es `raRac~ uSualod gadadis sityvebSi. is, rac sityvebamdea, win uswrebs maT, yvelaze axlos dgas imasTan,
rasac Cven funqciebs, zmnebs, gansakuTrebiT ki predikatebs vuwodebT. mravali enaa
iseTi, sadac predikati mxolod zmna rodia. am dakvirvebidan SeiZleba cnobieri,
usityvo azrovnebis `teqnikas~ daedos saTave. SegviZlia magaliTiT naTelvyoT es.
rac Seexeba Temebs, uwinares yovlisa, iseTi Temebia rekomendebuli, romlebic
cnobierebaze an samyarosTan mis kavSirze ambobs rasme. aseTebia: `sibrZne cocxlobs
sinaTleSi~; `azrovnebisas Tavs SevigrZnob rogorc samyaros nakadTan erTianobaSi
myofs~(r. Staineri); `pirvelTagan iyo sityva~; `sityvaSi iRviZebs adamiani~. mniSvnelovania, rom winadadeba, Tema Cveulebrivi cnobierebisTvis gasagebi iyos, Torem ise
koncentracias _ Tanamedrove adamianis SemTxvevaSi _ saerTod ar eqneba mosaWidi
raime. sityvebi iseT enaze, romelic CvenTvis gaugebaria, bunebrivia, azrovnebas ver
aamoZravebs. koncentrirebulobis nacvlad, aseT SemTxvevaSi, cnobierebaSi Tavs
iCens misi sapirispiro mdgomareoba: Tvlema, asocireba, naxevrad Zili.
*
[abzacis bolomde gramatikuli formebis ganxilva, cxadia, mxolod germanuli enis
gramatikis farglebSia swori.]
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es winadadebebi yoveldRiuri cnobierebisTvis formalurad `gasagebia~; yoveldRiur cnobierebas sxva enaze am winadadebebis formalurad Targmna ki ZaluZs, magram
maTi azri mTlianad dafarulia, yoveldRiur cnobierebas maTi gagebis unari ar Seswevs. ase rom ar yofiliyo, meditaciisTvis es teqsti sruliad ver gamodgeboda. cnobiereba am azris gagebamde unda amaRldes. rogorc Cveulebrivi winadadebis sityvebi
aiZulebs cnobierebas, sityvebs Soris SegrZnebisTvis uxilavi maTi kavSiri gaigos,
roca igi maRldeba da cocxali azrovnebis dones swvdeba, iseve `aiZulebs~ meditaciuri winadadeba cnobierebas, mTeli winadadeba erTbaSad gaigos.sityvidan sityvamde
gageba aq formaluria, adamianma winadadebidan erTaderTi `sityva~ unda `Seadginos~,
erTi `sityva~, romelic, ra Tqma unda, erT enaSic ar iqneba mocemuli. amgvari winadadebis sityvebi mxolod erTi SexedviTaa Cveulebrivi gagebiT gamoyenebuli. aseT erT
sityvad transformacia SeiZleba Sualeduri safexurebis gavliT moxdes da aseTnairad iyos gaadvilebuli. aviRoT winadadeba: `Cven mudam sinaTleSi vcocxlobT.~ jer
winadadebis sityvebi da Tavad winadadeba SeiZleba iqces Cafiqrebis Temebad.
imTaviTve vxvdebiT, rom, faqtobrivad, Turme erTi sityvac ar gvesmis. ras niSnavs:
`Cven~, `vcocxlobT~, `sinaTleSi~ da `mudam~? veZebT am sityvaTa pirvelmniSvnelobas, ese igi, zmnis formiT maT gaazrebas vcdilobT. `Cven~sityvis SemTxvevaSi male
vxvdebiT, rom saqme exeba me-arsebebs, romelTac ician erTmaneTis arsebobis Sesaxeb.
`vcocxlobT~ ar SeiZleba biologiurs exebodes. biologiuri xom aracnobieria, is
araa gamocdileba, am sityvis pirdapiri gagebiT. aseTi sicocxle Tavis Tavs ar ganicdis*. garda amisa, am SemTxvevaSi winadadebas azri namdvilad ar eqneboda. biologiuri sicocxle xom mudam sinaTleSi ar xorcieldeba, miT ufro naklebad _ cnobierebis sinaTleSi. cnobierebis sicocxlec, romelic ambobs: `Cven~ da `Cven vcocxlobT~, uwinares yovlisa, rogorc wesi, zecnobieria. Tuki `Cven vcocxlobT~ cnobierebis cxovrebas exeba, maSin es `Cven vcocxlobT~ unda ganxorcieldes _ is informacia rodia. erTi meditaciuri winadadebac ki ar aris informaciuli, yoveli
maTgani moiTxovs, rom is ganxorcieldes. misi ganxorcieleba ki aris meditireba
Tavad, romlis Temac mocemuli winadadeba iqneba.
`Cven vcocxlobT~ aris cnobieri gancda cnobierebis procesisa da cnobierebis
procesi aris `Cven vcocxlobT~. axla, faqtobrivad, `sinaTleSi~-c ukve naTeli xdeba. magram Cven isic SegveZlo, rom sityva `sinaTliT~ dagvewyo, maSin Cafiqreba gvetyoda, rom garegnuli sinaTlec mxolod cnobierebis sinaTlisTvis arsebobs: swored
es aris aq nagulisxmebi. magram es xom procesia iseve, rogorc yoveli gageba, romlis
drosac cnobiereba cocxldeba da naTdeba, moZraoba da sicocxlea. es sinaTliseuli
procesi saerToa adamianTaTvis. SesaZlebelia `-Si~-zedac** CavfiqrdeT: raRacaSi
yofna, SigniT yofna, sivrcobrivad, drois mxriv, magram agreTve _ `sicocxleSi~ yofna, zesivrculad, zedroulad. magram, imavdroulad es SeiZleba niSnavdes agreTve
`TaviT fexamde aseT yofnas~. `sinaTleSi sicocxle~ niSnavs sul mTlad sinaTled
qcevas cocxal cnobierebaSi, ganuwyvetel qmnadobas, arasodes _ statikurad yofnas. amosaval wertilad SeiZleboda agveRo agreTve `mudam~. wyvetis gareSe, yovelTvis, uwyvetad vicodeT `mudam~-is Sesaxeb _ swored esaa `mudam sinaTleSi sicocxle~, es aris Cafiqreba. meditireba niSnavs imas, rom winadadeba Tavad ganvaxorcieloT, rac niSnavs, ganvicadoT is rogorc gamocdileba, Tavad viqceT winadadebad.
maSin es winadadeba iqneba erTi sityva, ufro maRali donis sityva, ra Tqma unda.
aSkaraa, rom Cafiqrebisas yvela sityva predikatad gardaiqmneba, riTac Cven am
sityvebis pirvelmniSvnelobamde vaRwevT. es pirvelmniSvneloba TavisTavSi im gancdis gacnobierebas moicavs, romelzedac mocemuli sityva mianiSnebs. sityva _ niSnavs gacnobierebas. `saxli~ aris ara ubralod sagani, funqcia, aramed am `funqciis~
gacnobierebac (`funqcia~ aq brWyalebSia, radgan Semdgom Cven im gamocdilebas SeviZenT, rom funqcia, mniSvneloba cnobierebis meoxebiT da cnobierebisTvis `aris~,
ese igi, iqmneba). vinc saxlis funqcias ar `icnobs~ (vinaidan is misTvis cnobieri ar
gamxdara), is verc saxls xedavs. is SeiZleba xedavdes kedlebs an fanjrebs, Tuki maTi
cnebebi cnobieri gaxdeba misTvis.
aSkaraa, rom Tuki moxerxda, marTla ganvicadoT winadadebis erTi sityva, gancdiT mivyveT mas Tavis pirvelmniSvnelobamde, maSin gansaxilvel sityvaSi winadadebis
*
**
germanul teqstSi aq sityvaTa TamaSia: `Dieses Leben er-lebt sich nicht~.
germanulSi `-Si~(in) iseve, rogorc `-gan~(aus), sityvasTan erTad ar iwereba.
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sxva sityvebic zavdeba. `Cven~ _ cnobierebis sinaTleSi gancdili rogorc uwyvetoba
(kontinuumi) _ es ukve aris `mudam~ da `vcocxlobT~ da `-Si~ da `sinaTleSi~. aseve
iqneba Tuki, magaliTad, `mudam~-s aviRebT amosaval wertilad da yvela sxva sityvas
masTan kavSirSi ganvixilavT. ise Cans, TiTqos danarCeni sityvebi zedmetia. magram es
ase araa, vinaidan isini Cafiqrebis procesis mimdinareobas gansazRvravs. SegiZliaT
scadoT: `me mudam sinaTleSi vcocxlob~ _ daiwyoT `sinaTliT~ an `mudam~-iT, da ukve
sakuTari gamocdileba giCvenebT, ratom aris meditaciur winadadebaSi sityva `Cven~.
arc ama Tu im sityvis Taobaze Cafiqreba da arc, magaliTad, aq nimuSis saxiT moyvanili Cafiqrebis procesis miyola Cven mier, rogorc gamgebisa, ar aris meditacia,
Tumc ki mas xSirad uwodeben ase _ SesaZloa, arc mTlad usafuZvlod: es xom, yovel
SemTxvevaSi, wina safexuri mainc aris meditaciisa. magram mainc sasargeblo iqneba,
Tuki am wina safexurs da namdvil meditacias erTmaneTisgan gavarCevT. meditireba _
es aris mocemuli winadadebis producirebis unari, SeiZleba imisa, rom marTlac
gavataroT Cvens gamocdilebaSi is, saidanac es winadadeba momdinareobs (SeiZleba es
asedac gavigoT: sinamdviled, realobad vaqcioT is). Cafiqreba mxolod damxmare
saSualebaa. Tuki CafiqrebiT winadadebis, misi sityvebis ufro Rrma gagebamde mivediT, Semdeg winadadebis meditirebas, ese igi, sityvebis gareSe mis `moazrebas~ SevecadoT. amaSi winadadebis mcireoden sityvebad, sabolood ki erT sityvad SemWidroveba SeiZleba dagvexmaros; am dros did daxmarebas Cafiqreba gagviwevs. Cafiqrebisas gancdaSi gveZleva is, rom ukanskneli sityva winadadebis nebismieri sityva
SeiZleba iyos. bolos am ukanasknel sityvasac Tavs vanebebT. meditirebas is axdens,
visac danawevrebulad usityvo azrovneba SeuZlia.
albaT SeniSneT, calkeuli sityvis gancda imas uaxlovdeba, bavSvi Tavis pirvel
sityvebs rom ganicdis. maTSi gacilebiT meti cocxali azria Tavmoyrili, vidre _
mozrdilis SemTxvevaSi. meditirebis zogadi wesi isaa, rom moviSoroT yvelaferi
Cveviseuli _ mniSvnelobebi, mogonebebi, asociaciebi, agreTve asocirebuli ganwyobebi. amaSi koncentracia gvexmareba, romelic TemasTan izolirebulad yofnis saSualebas gvaZlevs. amitomaa koncentraciis swavla meditaciis winapiroba. es isev is
koncentrirebuli improvizaciaa, oRond usityvo azrovnebaSi, movarjiSe adamiani
ideebze koncentraciisas rom gaecno da maSin rom mohyavda moqmedebaSi.
zemoT aRniSnulidan cxadia, rom meditaciuri winadadebis warmodgena, warmodgeniT suraTebSi misi gadayvana sruliad mcdari gza iqneboda. es warsuliseuli
cnobierebis aqtiuroba iqneboda, miseuli Jesti, romelic meditaciisas sworedac
rom unda davZlioT, ese igi, is unda davadumoT da mas arafriT mivceT moqmedebis saSualeba. misi qmedeba ukve Cafiqrebis msvlelobaSic mokle periodebiTaa SemosazRvruli.
meditacia aris Temis gancda. Tavidan es iSviaTad xerxdeba, Tundac mravaljer vcadoT. aman aravin unda daafrTxos. is mcdelobebic, sadac `araferi gamogvivida~, mniSvnelovani nabijebia, Tuki am dros miRebuli gamocdilebis rekonstruirebas da gaazrebas vaxdenT.
SeiZleba meditacia gavigoT rogorc ufro maRali saxis `Sinaarsis~ Zieba, rogorc
gamocana, romlis amoxsnac areklili cnobierebis doneze ar xerxdeba. `Ziebac~, ra
Tqma unda, yoveldRiuri cnobierebis Jesti araa. `amoxsnac~ rodia gagebis erTi gamonaTeba warsulis cnobierebiseul `aha, axla ki gavige~-Si ukan CaSvebiT, aramed es aris
ganxorcieleba; ufro zustad rom vTqvaT, es aris Cven mier ganxorcieleba, daxaneba im
elementSi, romlidanac, Cveulebriv, mxolod gaelvebaTa registracias vaxdenT
xolme _ mogvianebiT. meditacia aris is, roca `ideis mosvla~ TiTqosda xanieri xdeba.
yovelive amisTvis yuradRebis Zalebi, romlebic, Cveulebriv, sxeulebrivi SegrZnebebiTaa SeboWili, unda gaTavisufldes da maT me unda daeuflos. orive es momenti
koncentraciis savarjiSoebisa da meditaciis saSualebiT TavisTavad miiRweva. gaTavisufleba, Cvevebisgan cnobieri gaTavisuflebac aRwerili gamaTavisuflebeli savarjiSoebiT xdeba(ix. T. 5.5).
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`meditacia gamogvivida~ _ es niSnavs, rom CvenSi gagebis Sinaganma gancdam iCina Tavi: gageba igebs sakuTar Tavs. adamianis mier Seqmnili sagnis ideac nebis mqone
adamianuri yuradRebisgan Sedgeba. meditaciis SemTxvevaSi idea zecnobieradac ki ar
aris `winaswar~ mocemuli: meditaciisas `Sinaarsis~ ganxorcieleba xdeba da vinaidan
meditaciuri winadadebis ukan cocxali azri dgas, meditaciis Sinaarsi yoveli meditirebisas `sxva~ Sinaarsad iqceva. brWyalebi aq Sinaganad struqturirebul kontinuumze miuTiTebs, romelSic iseTi sityva, rogoricaa `sxva~, swored kontinuumis
konteqstSi unda gavigoT.
Temis warmodgenas kidev imitom unda veridoT, rom is xels uSlis axali xatovanebis warmoSobas, romelic StudirebasTan dakavSirebiT 5.2 TavSi aRvwereT. roca
raime winadadebas romelime enis sityvebis gareSe, ufro maRal sityvismierobaSi
`moviazrebT~, es mainc struqturirebuli qmedebaa da ara abstraqtuli azrovneba.
iseve, rogorc azrovnebaze umartivesi dakvirvebis warmoebis SemTxvevaSic ki vawydebiT raRac struqturas, formebs, danawevrebas, manamde ucnob xatovanebas, aseve
iCens Tavs es xatovaneba meditirebisas rogorc qmediToba, rogorc aqtivoba. riTac
winadadebas sityvebis gareSe `viazrebT~, swored isaa es qmediToba (aqtivoba).
sulieri WeSmariteba, ese igi, iseTi WeSmariteba, romelic rogorc Semecnebas,
aseve mis `sulier obieqts~ exeba, yvelaze Znelad salaparako enis sityvebiT gadmoicema. forma konkretuli enis Sesabamisad icvleba, amitom Cafiqrebis mimdinareobac
icvleba. ufro naklebad analitikur enaSi, vidre germanulia, winadadeba `Cven mudam
sinaTleSi vcocxlobT~ sxvagvarad gaigeba da mas Cafiqrebis drosac sxvagvarad unda
mivudgeT; ase, magaliTad, sityva `Cven~ an `-Si~ SeiZleba akldes, vinaidan isini uRlebisa Tu brunebis formaSi Sediodes da amitom, ra Tqma unda, sityvaTa wyobac sxvagvari iqneba.
warmodgeniTi meditacia
sityvebze ufro advilad zecnobieri idea suraT-xatebiT, figurebiT an kidev
ricxvebiT gadmoicema. zecnobieri WeSmaritebebi es yovelTvis `ideebia~, TumcaRa
ufro maRali realobis mqone, vidre CvenTvis `cnobili~ _ ese igi, zecnobierad cnobili _ ideebi. maTi azris gadmocema iseve naklebadaa dialeqtikurad SesaZlebeli,
rogorc meditaciur winadadebaTa mniSvnelobisa. magram, miuxedavad amisa, es xom
`sityvebia~, romlebic raRacas gveubneba da Tanac ise `mravalmniSvnelovnad~, rom _
Tundac amis gamo _ maT mniSvnelobas dialeqtikuri teqsti verafriT gadmoscems. da
mainc, es xatebebi zustadaa `gansazRvruli~.
am xatebaTaTvis damaxasiaTebeli isaa, rom aRqmas, rogorc aseTs, ar asaxavs, Tumca
SeiZleba aRqmis elementTagan Sedgebodes. ase, auroborosi (berZnulad: gveli, romelic TavisTavs kudSi kbens), vardis jvari (Rosenkreuz), ese igi, Savi jvari jvris Sua
wertilis irgvliv wriulad ganlagebuli wiTeli vardebiT, anda winaswarmetyvelTa
xatebi Zvel aRTqmaSi da ioanes apokalifsis iseTi suraTebi, rogoricaa zeciuri
ierusalimi Tavisi gamWvirvale kuburi formiT. warmodgeniTi meditacia xatebaTa
`amoxsna~, maTi mniSvnelobis wvdomaa.
amisTvis jer xateba unda warmovidginoT rogorc fantaziis suraTi _ aRqmiTi cxovrebidan xom mis Sesaxeb verafris gaxsenebas SevZlebT(umjobesic kia, Tuki misi gamosaxulebac arsad Segvxvedria. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, gaxsenebuli suraTi cnobierad
unda CamoviSoroT), vinaidan xateba `namdvili~ araa, vinaidan igi raime fizikurad
SegrZnebad realobas ar asaxavs. realistur warmodgenas ki mxolod imdenada aqvs
mniSvneloba, ramdenadac misi meoxebiT koncentrirebulobis sawyis dones uzrunvelvyofT. roca xateba Sinagani mzeris winaSea, SegviZlia misi ganxilva _ Wvreta(kontemplacia) daviwyoT, ramdenadac suraTis `SesanarCuneblad~ Zalisxmeva ar gvWirdeba, ese igi, ramdenadac am SenarCunebiT ara varT dakavebuli. SegviZlia Sinaganad davdumdeT da xatebas metyvelebis saSualeba mivceT msgavsad imisa, rogorc aRqmiTi suraTis SemTxvevaSi viqceviT. umetes SemTxvevaSi saWiro xdeba mosamzadebeli azrTa
msvleloba imis gasarkvevad, romeli mimarTulebiT unda veZioT suraTis mniSvneloba. azrTa aseTi msvleloba mocemuli gvaqvs, magaliTad, vardis jvris Sesaxeb r. Staineris `idumalTmecnierebaSi~ (Tavi `zena samyaroTa Semecneba~). azrTa msvleloba
`Cafiqrebas~ Seesabameba. Tuki is mocemuli ara gvaqvs, maSin Tavad unda ganvaxorcieloT _ imave Sinagani poziciiT, rogorc es meditaciuri winadadebis gaazrebasTan
dakavSirebiT aRvwereT. magaliTisTvis amjerad aviRoT auroborosi. warmovidginoT
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gveli, romelsac sakuTari kudis erTi nawili xaxaSi mouqcevia. suraTi Sinagani mzeris winaSe SeZlebisdagvarad aRqmis intensivobiT unda davayenoT. Tuki amas mivaRwevT, SegviZlia CafiqrebiT vikiTxoT: sad aris am suraTis realoba? erTi gvelic ar
iqms imas, rac suraTzea mocemuli. Tuki suraTs saSualebas mivcemT, movlenad, moZraobad iqces, maSin, magaliTad, SeiZleba suraTi ise warmovidginoT, rom gveli jer
Tavis kuds misdevs. Tuki aq araferi Seicvala, Tavis kuds igi verasodes mieweva, kudi
yovelTvis cotaTi gauswrebs mas. imisTvis , rom isini erTmaneTs Seexos, gvelis sxeulis morkaluloba unda Seicvalos. Tavad devna, rogorc aseTi, arafris momtania _
Tavis siswrafe Tu gaizarda, kudic ufro swrafad gaiqceva. Tuki isini davakavSireT,
maSin suraTi sxvagvarad SegviZlia ganvixiloT. dasawyisi da bolo raRac arsebisa Tu
movlenisa erTmaneTs exeba, is ki arada, warmoSobs kidevac erTmaneTs. xom ar warmoSobs xaxa kuds da TandaTanobiT mTel danarCen sxeulsac, warmoTqvams ra maT? maSin
bolo _ sxeulis dasasruli _ Tavi da xaxa iqneba; es winaaRmdegobaa: yvelaferi xom
maTgan iwyeba. Tu dasawyisi kudi da sxeulia da isini warmoSobs Tavs, maSin SeuZlebelia, Tavi kuds daewios, kudi yovelTvis win gauswrebs Tavs. orive SemTxvevaSi kudsa da Tavs Soris Tvisebrivi gardaqmna unda moxdes: Tavs SeuZlia dainaxos kudi da
warmoTqvas kidevac is da maSin aseTi gansxvaveba iqneba. Tu sxeuli warmoSobs Tavs, romelic Semdeg mas sanslavs? am SemTxvevaSic msgavsi gansxvavebaa, magram is TviTganadgurebamde midis. magram gansxvavebis Taobaze rom suraTi arafers gveubneba? Tu
mas abstraqtulad wavikiTxavT, miviRebT: Sedegi warmoSobs mizezs, anda Sedegi anadgurebs mizezs, anda mizezi da Sedegi erTia. fizikurad SegrZnebadi samyaros doneze
yovelive es aris circuius vitiosus* anu erT-erTi saqme miunhauzenisa _ sakuTar Tavs wylidan qoCriT rom eqaCeba. magram Tuki am xatebas cnobierebas, cnobierebis cxovrebas
davukavSirebT, maSin ixsneba es winaaRmdegobac da suraTis mixedviT Tvisebrivi
cvlilebis daSvebis usafuZvlo saWiroebac. cnobiereba raRacas warmoSobs da `xedavs~ mas da es warmoSobili aris cnobiereba. Cven ukve viciT, rom cnobiereba carieli WurWeli araa. Cven winaSe am suraTSi TviTcnobiereba dgas _ rogor axorcielebs
is Tavis Tavs jer dasawyisisTvis da Semdeg _ esenciurad. SeiZleboda es xateba _
cnobierebasTan dakavSirebuli _ meditaciur winadadebad gveTargmna: `intuicia
imecnebs sakuTar Tavs~ an `intuireba aris intuicia Tavad~. magram es mxolod cnobierebasTan dakavSirebiT SeiZleba iTqvas. Cven mier ganxiluli gvelis xateba ki Tavisi
mniSvnelobiT gacilebiT mets moicavs.
Cafiqreba aqac jer kidev araa meditacia. meditaciisas xorcieldeba suraTi,
anu winadadeba gamocdilebad iqceva. maSin imis gancdac xdeba, rom mniSvneloba gacilebiT ufro Sorsmwvdomia, vidre es magaliTis saxiT es-esaa aRvwereT.
suraTis ageba da masze koncentrireba meditaciis mosamzadebeli fazaa. meditacia
warmodgeniT suraTze ki ar xdeba, aramed mis mniSvnelobaze. warmodgeniTi suraTi aq
mxolod damwerlobiTi niSania, romelic raRac arsebaze mianiSnebs. sityvebiT ar
gamoiTqmis, ra aris es gveli, auroborosi, an kidev `vardis jvari~. yovel SemTxvevaSi,
iseTi ram araa, risi warmodgenac Cven ZalgviZs. swored mniSvnelobis Zieba da povnaa
meditacia.
warmodgeniTi meditaciisTvis suraTebis nacvlad Temad geometriuli figurebic
SegviZlia aviRoT, magaliTad, samkuTxedi (tolgverda an tolferda), oTxkuTxedi,
xuTkuTxedi da ase Semdeg, xuTqimiani an eqvsqimiani varskvlavi, wre. amasTan, yovel am
figuras Sua wertili SeiZleba hqondes, an _ ara. saWiro miTiTebebis gareSe, romlebic movarjiSe adamians orientaciis saSualebas aZlevs sinamdvilis im sferoSi, romelTanac unda moxdes mocemuli figuris dakavSireba, aseTi meditaciebi damwyebTaTvis _ damwyebni ki Cven karga xans viqnebiT _ `metismetia~, ese igi, maT imdenad
universaluri mniSvneloba aqvs, rom dRevandel adamians maTTan erTad cxovreba
Zalze gauWirdeboda. adre is meditaciebs sulieri tradiciis, raime moZRvrebis
farglebSi awydeboda da es exmareboda mas. amiT imis Tqma rodi gvsurs, TiTqos amgvar
xatebebze muSaoba mas ar SeuZlia. ubralod, dRes saWiroa miTiTebebi amis Taobaze.
mas SeuZlia Seecados, sameditacio Temad aiRos wris gamosaxuleba, centriT an ucentrod _ jer adamianis mSvinvier sferosTan kavSirSi; Cafiqrdes imaze, ra aris samSvinvelis periferia an misi centri; romeli maTgania ZiriTadi, ganmsazRvreli; SeiZleba Tu ara periferia Semkvrivdes, SemWidrovdes, an centri ganivrcos.
*
[circuius vitiosus _ mojadoebuli wre(laT.)]
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aRqmiTi meditacia
aRqmiTi meditacia yvelaze Znelia am sami saxis meditaciaTa Soris, radganac
buneba ideaTa iseT bades qmnis, romlis detalebic Tavad cnobierebis bevrad ufro
maRal safexurebs moiTxovs, vidre es, Cveulebriv, adamians eZleva da radganac es
ideaTa bade erTaderT did ideaSi iyris Tavs, romlis `gagebac~ mTeli samyaros da
adamianis gagebis tolfasia. rogorc vxedavT, es arcTu ise iolad gadasawyveti amocanaa. amiT unda mivaniSnoT bunebis mTlianobiT azrobriv struqturaze, romelic
urTierTdamokidebuli detalebisgan Sedgeba: saboloo jamSi, misi erTi detalis
`gageba~ mxolod im SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba, Tuki mTlianobaa gasagebi, radgan calkeuli
detalis funqcia mTlianobidan gamomdinare ganisazRvreba.
es aRqmiTi meditaciis SesaZleblobis sawinaaRmdegod rodi metyvelebs; mxolod
SedarebiT mokrZalebul mizans usaxavs mas. Temad arsebebi, fenomenebi, sagnebi, fizikurad SegrZnebadi Tvisebebi, procesebi, bunebis mdgomareobebi SeiZleba gamoviyenoT. aRqmiTi koncentracia meditaciis Sesavali unda iyos da Temebi imgvaradve SegviZlia ganvalagoT, rogorc koncentraciisTvis. pirveli mizania, Tema procesad iqces. aq, cxadia, fizikurad SegrZnebadi procesi ar igulisxmeba, rogoricaa, magaliTad, wylis moZraoba qarSi; procesSi SemecnebiTi Tvisebrioba unda vigulisxmoT,
ise, rogorc amaze ideasTan dakavSirebiT ukve visaubreT. Tuki aRqmis Tema raime feria, is procesad iqceva, rodesac `ferobas~ daiwyebs, ese igi, roca misi yofna Tu
arseboba an naTebaSia, an TviTgacemaSi, anda `danaxvadobaSi~, nacvlad imisa, rom raime
sagnis zedapiris Tviseba iyos. igive SemecnebiTi fenomeni SesaZlebelia aRvweroT
agreTve rogorc CamoSoreba an Cven mier sagnidan feris CamoSoreba, rogorc es
yovelTvis xdeba warmodgenisas, axla ki es aRqmaSi xdeba. im momentSi, roca feri CamoSordeba, gamoeyofa anu procesad iqceva, is Sinagan struqturas iZens, maSin, roca
Cveulebrivi mxedveloba mas sruliad erTgvarovan zedapirul Tvisebad aRiqvams;
amas iTvaliswineben mxatvrebi, isini funjis teqnikis wyalobiT umcires sibrtyesac ki
struqturirebis gareSe tiloze arasodes daitanen.
feri rogorc gamoiyofa da procesad iqceva, aseve SeiZleba daemarTos yvelafers,
maT Soris _ Sereul aRqmiT suraTebsac. ase, magaliTad, aviRoT yvavilis zanzalakisa
da futkris xateba goeTes leqsidan `tolni da sworni~. TavisTavad, fizikuradac es
ukve procesia. aq SesaZlebelia mTeli konstelacia, urTierTdamokidebuleba _
gazafxuli, yvaviloba da bzuili _ `gamovyoT~; da mxolod maSinRa gveqneba is procesi, romelic aq aris nagulisxmebi _ `amgvarad yofna~(das Sosein), romelic Tavis Tavs gamoTqvams. mTeli situacia iwyebs `naTebas~, rasakvirvelia, xedvaSi, ise, rogorc es
goeTesTvis xdeboda.
da ai, kidevac gamoanaTebs is _ `azrobriobis~, sazrisis raRac nawili. kvlavac aq
`praqtikuli~ mxare ki ar igulisxmeba (`raoden brZenia buneba: ase xdeba yvavilis
ganayofiereba da imavdroulad futkaric povebs neqtars~), aramed azriT aRsavse ram,
romelic scenaze mxolod warmoCndeba, roca imas gveubneba, rom am movlenis ukan azri
da mniSvneloba dgas.
ras akeTebs aRqmiTi meditaciis dros adamiani, rom aRqmis suraTi procesad iqces?
faqtobrivad, igi imasve cdilobs, rasac nebismier Temaze meditirebisas iqms _ Temas
koncentrirebulad, kiTxvis damsmeli Sinagani JestiT udgeba: `risi Tqma unda mas CemTvis?~ kiTxva ubralod inteleqtualurad formulirebuli ki ar aris (ase is arafris momcemi iqneboda), aramed Sinagani poziciaa. igive mniSvneloba aqvs imas, rom
`Wkvianuri~ gansja, `Wkuis~ yoveli kombinaciuri moZraoba davadumoT. dumilis am
mdgomareobis miRweva mxolod imas SeuZlia, vinc imaSia navarjiSebi, rom Tavisi
azrovneba naazrevs CamoaSoros, ese igi, `denad, namdvil azrovnebaSi~, cocxal azrovnebaSi darCes. am daxanebas aRqmiTi meditaciis SemTxvevaSi isic emateba, rom imavdroulad aRviqvamT kidevac ise, TiTqos am suraTs pirvelad vxedavT, marTlac pirvelad vxedavT. movarjiSes `aviwydeba~, ra aris es fenomeni, ra hqvia mas _ yvelaferi,
rac mis Sesaxeb icis. is mxolod uyurebs; SeiZleba es iyos agreTve mosmena an ynosva da
ase Semdeg, magram umetesad _ xedva da mosmena.
koncentrirebuli Semxvedri dumili roca miRweulia, maSin cnobieri ganzraxvis
gareSe sxva gamocdilebebic iCens Tavs. `gamoyofa~ im momentSi iwyeba, roca SevZlebT,
rom es `pirvelad~ xedva ganvaxorcieloT (amgvaradve aRiqvams patara bavSvi). amiT
Cven aRqmad viqceviT: procesi, misi Tema da me erTni, erTiani movlena vxdebiT. imavdroulad an manamde iCens Tavs grZnoba, romelic, rogorc wesi, CvenTvis nacnobi araa.
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aRqma grZnobs Tavis Tavs, SesaZleblobas iZleva, vigrZnoT igi. es aris Semmecnebeli
grZnoba, Tavidan jer kidev gumaniT aRsavse, vinaidan jer mTlad dawmendili araa: es
grZnoba Semdeg SeigrZnoba rogorc Cveulebrivi grZnobis anarekli sarkeSi. es ukanaskneli (Cveulebrivi grZnoba) jer kidev Cumad TanaaRiZvreba. Semdgomi varjiSisas ki
Cveulebrivi grZnoba dumdeba da axla adamiani [Tavis grZnobiT] aRqmas erwymis. axali
grZnoba sul ufro metad metyveli xdeba. is sul ufro da ufro naTlad gveubneba
Tavis saTqmels. es ar aris xelovnebiseuli grZnoba. igi ar ambobs: `mSvenieri~ _ `ugvani~, aramed _ `amgvarad~, `ase~, TiTqosda Tema Tavisi Tvisebriobis gamoxatvas iwyebs
raRac uzarmazar, goliaTur cnebaSi.
amaSi SegviZlia aRqmiTi meditaciis Semdegi specifikuri siZnele SevicnoT. meditaciis sxva saxeebis SemTxvevaSi Tema ukve SemosazRvrulia, konstruirebulad aris
mocemuli: gvaqvs winadadeba, suraTi an niSani. yoveldRiur aRqmaSi Cven cnebis
wyalobiT viciT, sad aris ama Tu im sagnis sazRvrebi _ aRqmis es problema avtomatis
donezec mSvenivrad wydeba*. Tu Cven meditaciis Temad bunebis raRac nawils (fragments) virCevT, msgavsi siZnelis winaSe aRmovCndebiT, rogorc is, visac aRqmisTvis
Sesabamisi cnebebi ar gaaCnia. mas ar SeuZlia icodes, sad iwyeba da sad mTavrdeba
raRac azriani. amitom meditaciis SigniTve unda movZebnoT, faqizi SegrZnebiT unda
amovicnoT suraTis iseTi fragmenti, romelsac azri, mniSvneloba aqvs, romelic
SeiZleba gamovyoT da romelsac `metyveleba~, risame Tqma SeuZlia _ es aris WeSmariti Tema. aRqmiTi meditacia TiTqmis am `povnisgan~ Sedgeba. TavisTavad cxadia, saubaria ara maincdamainc sivrcobriv SemosazRvraze da arc am sazRvrebis SenarCunebaze,
ese igi, sazRvrebi SeiZleba gadaiwios da amiT `azri~, `mniSvneloba~ an Seicvalos, an
ara. SegveZlo asec gveTqva: roca `viciT~, ra aris aRsaqmeli, ukve meditacias vaxdenT.
`ra~-Si iseTi araferi igulisxmeba, risi wvdomac yoveldRiuri aRqmebiT ar ZalgviZs.
Semmecnebeli qmedeba da `obieqti~ qmedebis wyalobiT kvlav erTia. erTma aseTma
Sedarebam SeiZleba ufro zust gagebamde migviyvanos: moswavle maswavleblis Tvalwin fortepianoze ukravs; maswavlebeli ambobs _ `ase ara, axlave giCveneb!~ da axla
Tavad ukravs nawarmoebs. Tu saqme mkveTr gansxvavebebs ar exeba, sakiTxavia, gaigonebs
Tu ara moswavle imas, risi Cvenebac maswavlebels undoda? man gansxvaveba Tavis dakrulsa da maswavleblis dakruls Soris SeiZleba verc SeamCnios. man es gansxvaveba aqtiuri mosmenisas unda gamoitanos, ese igi, Sesabamis musikalur ideur suraTs unda
Caswvdes, am SemTxvevaSi _ mosmena unda iswavlos.
xsenebuli gamoyofa anu procesad qcevis unari Tavdapirvelad fizikurad SegrZnebad Tvisebriobaze _ ferebze, bgerebze SesaZlebelia gavarjiSdes (amas azrovnebiT
meditaciaSi is Seesabameba, roca, magaliTad, `gan~-ze vaxdenT meditacias). Semdeg ki
safexurebrivad ufro rTul, Sedgenil Temebs viRebT. maSasadame: jer _ wiTeli feri,
Semdeg _ wiTeli yvavili, jer Tavad yvavili, Semdeg _ mTliani mcenare, mere ki _ amas
garemoc SeiZleba daematos. yvela am SemTxvevaSi, yvelaze umartivesSic ki, Cven
winaSe WeSmariti Temis moZebnis sakiTxi dgas.
aseve moxdeba, Tuki Semdgom saxeobasTan (mcenareTa, cxovelTa saxeobasTan), Temis
`stilTan~ STagrZnobas SevecdebiT. isinic ar aris mocemuli cnebis da aRqmis saxiT.
`povna~ `Ziebis~ meSveobiT xorcieldeba _ `Riad~ yofniT, dumiliT, lodiniT _ imis
winaswari codnis gareSe, ras veZiebT, msgavsad imisa, rogorc azrovnebiT da warmodgeniT meditaciaSi `veZiebT~ gamocanis azrs, amoxsnas.
winaswari savarjiSoebi aRqmisTvis (Tavi 4.6), sxvadasxva SegrZnebaze Sesrulebuli
varjiSi axla gamoiRebs nayofs, rac ufro metad cnobieri xdeba SegrZnebebi TavianT
manamde SeumCnevel qmedebaSi, anu ramdenadac ufro axlos gadainacvlebs isini cnobierebis sazRvrisken, miT ufro itensiurad mimdinareobs gamoyofa Tu povna imisa,
rac gamoiyofa, rac procesad iqceva. am process SeiZleba `realuri abstraqcia~ vuwodoT(r. Staineri), radganac aq TiTqosda abstraqtuli ram, magaliTad, saxeoba (magram agreTve is sityvismierobac, romelime ferSi romelic gvecxadeba), movlenidanve an Tavad movlenaSive moipoveba.
im momentidan, rodesac movarjiSe adamiani aRqmasTan identuri xdeba, iwyeba xdomilobis gaTaviseba. aRqmiTi meditacia grZnobiT iwyeba. Semdeg ki SeniRbulad ideobrioba SemoiWreba (azrovnebiT meditaciaSi es piriqiT xdeba, warmodgeniT meditaciaSi ki _ individualurad gansxvavebulad _ pirovnebis da Temis mixedviT). Cven winaSe
*
[ix. Tavi 3.4, gv. 81, bolo abzaci]
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Tavs iCens ideis sicocxlis SegrZneba (sicocxlis grZnoba _ Lebensgefühl). Cveulebriv, sicocxlis grZnoba adamians amcnobs xolme sxeulebriv-vitalur mdgomareobas, ramdenad kargad grZnobs Tavs igi am sxeulSi. axla ki es fizikurad SegrZnebadi STabeWdileba sulierdeba (sulismieri xdeba) da im Temis grZnobiTi muxtis gamtari xdeba, romelTanac adamiani amJamad identuria. me sxeulidan gamodis da TemaSi
gadadis: yuradReba Tavis mimarTulebas icvlis.
procesi _ wamoweuli (gamoyofili), napovni Tema TemaSi _Sinagan procesad iqceva,
vinaidan yuradRebisTvis da yuradRebiT myofTaTvis axla Tema TamaSobs im rols, romelic, Cveulebriv, sxeuls aqvs xolme miniWebuli. am Sinagan process Tavdapirvelad
grZnobis xasiaTi aqvs, magram rodesac es grZnoba gaZlierdeba da daiwmindeba, ai, maSin
ki aRqma mxedvelobidan smenisken gadainacvlebs. es im SemTxvevebsac exeba, roca
pirveladi aRqma smeniTia (da ara mxedvelobiTi). is axla Sinagani smena xdeba. amiT
idea TviTgacemas iwyebs. es gamocdileba aseTi azrovnebiTi meditaciiT SeiZleba gadmovceT: `lurjis xedva _ lurjis smena~. yoveldRiur sulier cxovrebaSi am realobis
anarekli imaSi Cans, rom cnebiTobis gareSe Cven arafris aRqma ZalgviZs. SegrZnebiTi
TvisebebisTvisac ki, magaliTad, ferebisTvis, cnebebi unda gagvexsnas, am SemTxvevaSi _
Tavad aRqmidan. am `gaxsnas~ Tu gacxadebas faruli smeniTi xasiaTi aqvs.
koncentrirebulobis meoxebiT aRqma procesad gadaiqceva. procesi aris pirveladi aRqmidan `gamoyofili~ mniSvneloba, ideobrioba aRqmis samoselSi. movarjiSe adamiani procesTan identuri xdeba. Sinagani procesi sulieri (sulismieri) mesTvis
JReras, raRacis Tqmas iwyebs. `procesis~ qmnadoba amJamindelobaSi xdeba, is _ Tavisufal SegrZnebiTobaSi _ mesTvis metyvelebs.
is, rac me-s mier rogorc idea ganicdeba, umetes SemTxvevaSi raRac stils, raRac
`rogor~-s SegviZlia SevadaroT; magram, Cveulebrivi gancdis sapirispirod, es stili, es `rogor~ pirveladi da ufro mZlavri realobaa.
yoveli meditacia, romelsac `gavuZeliT~, movarjiSe adamianis sinamdvilis, realobis SegrZnebas cvlis. axla ukve gamocdilebaa (da ara mxolod gagebaa) is, rom
SemecnebiTi funqciebi _ es realobaa da es gamocdileba SegrZnebas gardaqmnis. aRqmiTi koncentracia, am TvalsazrisiT, imiT gamoirCeva, rom movarjiSe adamiani im realobasac aRmoaCens, romelic yoveldRiuri cnobierebisTvis arsebul movlenebs miRma
moqmedebs. aRqmiTi samyaros arseboba mas gancdaSi eZleva; es iseTi gamocdilebaa,
romelic adamians, Cveulebriv, ar eZleva, radgan uSualod mxolod sakuTari yofierebaa CvenTvis TavisTavad cxadi, vinaidan sakuTar Tavs Cven sxeulTan vaigivebT. yovelgvari sxva yofiereba mxolod rogorc suraTi ganicdeba. aRqmiT meditaciaSi adamians aRqmasTan Tavisi identuroba eZleva. ase Cndeba masSi is sicxade (evidenturoba)
da sakuTari yofierebis is Tvisebrioba, romlis Sesaxeb manamde warmodgenac ki ar gaaCnda _ ufro Zlieri da ufro wminda yofierebisa, vidre es, Cveulebriv, sakuTari
yofierebaa.
SesaZloa, mkiTxvelma SeamCnios, rom aRqmiTi koncentraciis aRwerisas azrovnebis
procesi ar gvixsenebia. magram is, rac bunebis Sesaxeb iTqva, gasagebs xdis, rom azrovnebis procesi, rogorc is Cven aRvwereT, aq SeuZlebelia. azrovnebis procesi Temis
Sesaxeb specialur codnas gulisxmobs, gansakuTrebiT _ dakvirvebebs, romlebic SedarebiTad da morfologiurad Temas exeba, rogorc es, magaliTad, goeTes `mcenareTa
metamorfozaSia~.
aq meditirebis pirveli safexuri aRvwereT, Tu rogor SeiZleba is azrovnebiT,
warmodgeniT, aRqmiT ganxorcieldes. meore safexuri, romelsac gansakuTrebiT aRqmiTi meditaciis aRwerisas SevexeT, Semmecnebeli grZnobiT muSaobs, mesame _ Semmecnebeli nebiT. roca movarjiSe adamiani ukve iqamdea misuli, rom es safexurebi misTvis
aqtualuri xdeba, is Sesabamis miTiTebebs rudolf Staineris naSromebSi, an kidev,
magaliTad, winamdebare naSromis avtoris wignebSi(`WeSmaritebis qmna~; `logosis msaxurni~) ipovis, romlebic isev r.Staineris nawarmoebebs eyrdnoba.
sanam movarjiSe adamiani meore safexurze gadava, man SeiZleba gamoscados, rom sulieri gamocdilebis gadmomcem nawarmoebebs is ukve sxvagvarad kiTxulobs, vidre adre kiTxulobda. misTvis individualuri gziT cnobili xdeba, ra aris meditaciuri
kiTxva, meditaciuri mosmena, mogvianebiT _ meditaciuri saubaric _ `swori metyvelebis~ ganxorcieleba.
mkiTxveli imasac SeniSnavs, rom mravali teqsti misTvis mxolod amgvarad `ixsneba~. magaliTad, Zveli da axali aRTqma da gansakuTrebiT ioanes saxareba. am saxarebis
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pirveli 14 leqsi, prologi, marad aqtualur da yvelaze universalur sameditacio
teqstebs ganekuTvneba, radganac mZlavri meditaciiT adamianisa da samyaros qmnadobasa da maT momavlis perspeqtivebs mihyveba. prologi mokled, koncentrirebulad
qristianobis arss gadmoscems.
dasasrul _ erTi meditacia, romelsac SeiZleba `xasiaTis meditacia~ vuwodoT.
is am cota xnis win gardacvlili italieli anTroposofisgan masimo kalijerosgan
momdinareobs.
Conosci la pura gioia? Conoscerai il divino.
nacnobia SenTvis wminda sixaruli? RvTaebrivi gecxadeba Sen.
ubralod mxolod wminda sixarulze meditirebac SeiZleba.
5.5
gaTavisufleba Cvevis adamianisgan
dRevandeli adamianisTvis imis dadgena advili araa, igi igebs rasme Tu vera.
siZnele Cveviseuli azrovnebisgan momdinareobs, romelic, faqtobrivad, azrovneba
sulac araa, radgan is azrovneba mxolod formaluradaa, azrovnebis garegnuli mxarea mxolod. sxvisi azrebis wvdomac amgvaradve xdeba _ gana ase araa? `gagebis~ procesSi erTgvari upretenzioba SeimCneva, Sewyvilebuli rac SeiZleba gauWirveblad, yvelaze ioli gziT svlis midrekilebasTan. sulismecnierul gadmocemaTa mimarT ki aseTi pozicia sruliad aramizanSewonili da mcdaria, razedac saubari 5.2 TavSi(Studireba) ukve gvqonda.ukve am mizeziT Cans saWiro safuZvliani gadasinjva(revizia)
cnobierebis yvela Cvevisa, romelic Tavisi struqturiT mTel Cvens cxovrebas qselavs.
meore mxriv, davinaxeT, Cvevis adamiani CvenSi rogor uSlis xels koncentrirebulobas, yovelive improvizatoruls. bevria iseTi adamiani, romelSic koncentracia im varjiSis gareSe ver miiRweva, rac specialurad Cveviseulisgan gaTavisuflebas
emsaxureba. yvelaze sayovelTao savarjiSos, swori metyvelebis savarjiSos, magaliTze SeiZleba imis Cveneba, rom aseTi gamaTavisuflebeli savarjiSoebi Zalian _
diax, sul ufro da ufro metad _ SegviZlia gavaRrmavoT. amave dros, SeiZleba SevniSnoT, rom `Cvevebi~ cxovrebas garkveul saxes, struqturas, raRac sayrdens uqmnis, razedac uaris Tqma ase ubralod, mSvinvieri labilobis safrTxis aRmocenebis gareSe
SeuZlebelia, Tuki imavdroulad damoukidebeli me-arsebis gaZlierebazec ar vizruneT. amitomac Cvevebis `revizia~ da koncentraciis savarjiSoebi erTmaneTis mxardamxar unda sruldebodes. cnobierebis wvrTnis, egreT wodebuli, `saSiSroebani~
savarjiSoTa am ori saxis gauwonasworebeli Catarebidan gamomdinareobs.
Cveni cxovrebis saxis ganmsazRvreli Cveni Semecnebis gvaroba da Cveni saqmianobania, romlebsac an cxovreba moiTxovs Cvengan an isini Cveni sakuTari arsebidan, misi
`instinqtebidan~, tkbobaze orientirebuli misi qcevidan momdinareobs. `revizia~
Cveni cxovrebis ganmsazRvrel swored am qmedebebs exeba, romelTac garkveuli varjiSebis SemweobiT SegviZlia mivudgeT. es varjiSebi nawilobriv tradiciiTaa mocemuli, nawilobriv _ Tanamedrove adamianisTvisaa sagangebod Camoyalibebuli. varjiSis
romeliRac calkeuli formebis Sesruleba, cxovrebis(yovelTvis saubaria mTlian
cxovrebaze) amis mixedviT `danawileba~ gadamwyveti mniSvnelobisa ar gaxlavT, radgan muSaoba erT sferoSi, erT Cvevaze yovelTvis sxva Cvevebsac, sxva sferoebsac exeba da yovelTvis maTgan gaTavisuflebac moaqvs Sedegad.
koncentraciisa da meditaciis savarjiSoebi, rogorc zogad -higienuri _ Sesabamisad, SemecnebiTi _ savarjiSoebi im drois moTxovnis gamoxatulebaa, romelSiac Cven
vcxovrobT: rom adamiani Tavad iyos maformirebeli sakuTari cnobieri cxovrebisa,
Tavad aviTarebdes mas. gamaTavisuflebeli savarjiSoebi sxva, epoqiT gamowveul saWiroebas emsaxureba: Camoyalibebuli Cvevebis, pirvel rigSi, cnobierebis Cvevebis
cnobier gadasinjvas. idealia yvela sferoSi intuituri cxovreba. intuituri cxovreba, nacvlad Cvevismierisa, unda ayalibebdes da flobdes im formebs, romelTaganac Cveni cxovreba Sedgeba. cxovrebis stabiluroba sulieri sifxizliT unda iyos
ganmtkicebuli, nacvlad Cvevebisa. sulieri sifxizle intuitur Semecnebas da intuitur qmedebas erTdroulad niSnavs.
Tanamedrove adamianis _ gansakuTrebiT sulismecnieruli StudirebiT dakavebuli adamianis _ sulier cxovrebaSi [naweris] kiTxvas mniSvnelovani wvlili Seaqvs. es
adreul epoqebTan SedarebiT siaxlea. amitom Cvevebis gadasinjvas swori kiTxvis sageorg kiulevindi – normaluridan jansaRisken
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varjiSoTi daviwyebT. iseve, rogorc cnobierebis sxva qmedebaTa koreqturas mimovixilavT mokled, kiTxvis Taobazec aseve mokled mogaxsenebT da sul ramodenime miTiTebiT SemovifarglebiT.
swori kiTxva
kiTxva ara informaciis dagrovebas, aramed imas emsaxureba, rom Sen kiTxva iswavlo da ivarjiSo kiTxvaSi _ yvelanairi gagebiT. nu waikiTxav erT dReSi imaze mets,
vidre amiT Semdeg wakiTxvamde Sinaganad dakavebuli SegiZlia iyo. rac ufro nela
kiTxulob, miT ufro izrdeba imis SesaZlebloba, rom am dros SenSi raRac moxdes,
raRac gagexsnas. iswavle kiTxvis dros imaze yuradRebis gamaxvileba, rac ar gesmis,
rasac ver igeb. es aris karibWe, romlis gavliTac Sen gzis gangrZoba SegiZlia _ wminda
karibWe. amqveynad mxolod adamianTa mier dawerili teqstebi rodi arsebobs.
es savarjiSo upiratesad iseT kiTxvas exeba, romelsac Studirebis saxiT vaxorcielebT. swori kiTxvidan gadaxvevis bevri faqtori arsebobs: kiTxva cnobismoyvareobis gamo, winaswargaTvaliswinebuli yoveldRiuri normis Sesasruleblad, `warmatebis misaRwevad~, `codnis dasagroveblad~ da ase Semdeg. arada, marTla unda eridoT intuituri an meditaciuri teqstebidan Sinaarsis `amokrefas~, maT `referirebas~, maTgan nawyvetebis amoRebas da maT analizs, radgan es, 5.2 TavSi (Studireba)
naTqvamis Tanaxmad, arsebiTi xasiaTis damaxinjebis, swored rom teqstis arsisTvis
gverdis avlis gareSe ver moxdeba. kiTxva _ avtorTan saubaria da amitom kiTxvisas
swori metyvelebis `wesebs~ unda mivmarToT. arasodes _ arc sxvagvari literaturis
kiTxvisas _ imaze swrafad ar unda vikiTxoT, vidre vlaparakobT. rac unda Zneli iyos
es dRes, mozRvavebuli mzardi specialuri literaturisa Tu Tundac beletristikis pirobebSi, mniSvnelovani is rodia, rom yvelaferi wavikiTxoT _ es xom mainc SeuZlebelia.
roca sulieri kvlevis Taobaze dawerils vkiTxulobT, Tavs iCens Zlieri midrekileba imisadmi, rom wakiTxuli warmovidginoT. es imitom, rom teqsti ar gvesmis da
gageba warmodgeniT gvinda SevcvaloT Tu SevafasoT. imaze saubari ukve iyo, es midrekileba ratomaa cudi. roca sxvagvar literaturas vkiTxulobT, magaliTad, romans,
roca gagebis TvalsazrisiT sirTuleebi ara gvaqvs, warmodgena ukana planze gadadis;
maSin Tavs iCens midrekileba imisken, rom wakiTxuli mxolod Sinaarsobrivad _ misi
xatovnad warmodgenis gareSe _ gavigoT. arada, warmodgena, wesiT, swored aq unda moqmedebdes; es ki mxolod neli kiTxvisas aris SesaZlebeli.
neli kiTxva gansakuTrebiT sulismecnierul naSromTa kiTxvisasaa sasurveli (ra
Tqma unda, nela kiTxva mxolod mas SeuZlia, vinc mTeli arsebiT, CaRrmavebiT kiTxulobs). gansakuTrebiT am saxis naSromebia mravalSriani: isini sxvadasxva doneze SeiZleba gavigoT. miwis xvnis SemTxvevaSic asea: xvnisas an niadagis mxolod zedapirs
SegviZlia SevexoT, anda Zalze Rrma fenebamde SegviZlia CavideT. rac ufro Rrmad
CavdivarT, samuSao miT ufro metia. amitom kiTxvac ufro neli xdeba; TiTqos
avtorTan erTad viazrebdeT mis yvela azrs, romelsac gumaniT vgrZnobT da romelic
gadmocemulis irgvliv trialebs da azris msvlelobaTa fesvebamde meditaciuri
kiTxviT vaRwevdeT. es koncentrirebulobis sakiTxia: rac ufro nakleb koncentrirebulad vkiTxulobT, saqme miT ufro `Cqara midis~. erTi abzaci r. Staineris wignidan `sulieri samyaros zRurbli~ saaTobiT, diax, ganmeorebiT, mTeli dReebis ganmavlobaSi SeiZleba `vikiTxoT~. visac sakmarisad nela, koncentrirebulad kiTxva ar
SeuZlia, mas vurCevT, amgvari teqstebi mTlianad xeliT gadaweros. Studirebisa da
misi Sesaferisi kiTxvis emblemad fra anjelikos mier daxatuli dominike SeiZleba
gamodges: wmindani wigns kiTxulobs, romelic xelSi uWiravs, magram wignSi ki ar iyureba _ ara, misi mzera sxvaganaa mimarTuli. is Tavis sakuTar azrebSia CaRrmavebuli,
romlebic kiTxvis procesSi gahRvivebia.
advili ar aris im wignebis povna, romlebic ama Tu im adamianisTvis aris mniSvnelovani. magram vinc swrafvaSi sakuTar Tavs Sinagan moTxovnas uyenebs da es ganapirobebs mis swrafvas, mas sruli uflebiT SeuZlia darwmunebuli iyos, rom yvelafers
povebs, rac mas am gzaze daexmareba: wignebs, adamianebs, profesias da agreTve _ siZneleebs, problemebs, bedis Semobrunebebs. es SesaZleblobebia, romlebic mas sWirdeba, sWirdeba im SemTxvevaSic ki, rodesac is maT Tavdapirvelad rogorc arakeTilismyofel, araxelsayrel, xelisSemSlel rasme SeigrZnobs. am povnaSi aucilebeli sulac araa, raRac mistikuri ram davinaxoT; rameTu vinc Sinagani seriozulobiT `eZigeorg kiulevindi – normaluridan jansaRisken
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ebs~ Tu `iswrafvis~, is, Tavisi cnobieri unaris gamoyenebis garda, Tavis Tavdapirvel
zecnobier SemgrZneblobasac SeuZlia daeyrdnos, romelic varjiSebiT mobilizebuli, anu darbkolebebisgan gaTavisuflebulia da am ZiebaSi monawileobs. adamiani,
romelic swrafvis procesSia, cxovrebis striqonebs Soris mocemuli patara niSnebidan SeigrZnobs, ra aris misTvis saWiro _ im niSnebidan, romelTac igi, wvrTnis gza
rom ara, gverdze ise Cauvlida, maT verc SeamCnevda. es SeiZleba asec gamoiTqvas: aseT
adamians win gaTavisuflebuli maRali instinqturoba miuZRvis.
gamaTavisuflebeli savarjiSoebi or jgufad SeiZleba daiyos: erT jgufs, romelSiac eqvsi savarjiSo Sedis, r. Stainerma Tavis droze `Tana-savarjiSoebi~ uwoda
(`mTavari savarjiSoebi~ meditaciebi iyo). es savarjiSoebi samSvinvelis ufro zogad
ZalTnakadebs aZlevs impulss, romlebic, Tavis mxriv, SesaZlebels xdis samSvinvelis
konkretul procesebs, kerZod, meore jgufis rva savarjiSos (romelTac tradiciulad `rvawevriani biliki~ ewodeba). `TanasavarjiSoebi~ sunTqvis nakads SeiZleba SevadaroT, rva savarjiSo ki _ bgeris warmoqmnas; sunTqvis gareSe bgerebis danawevreba xom SeuZlebelia. orive es jgufi harmoniulad msWvalavs erTmaneTs. isini,
faqtobrivad, warmoqmnis struqturas, romelic Cvevebs Caenacvleba da sulis sifxizlis meoxebiT adamianisTvis SesaZlebels xdis cxovrebisa da samSvinvelis stabilobas.
egreT wodebuli Tana-savarjiSoebia:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
kontrolirebuli (koncentrirebuli) azrovneba
nebelobis iniciativa
wonasworoba
pozitiuroba
miukerZoebloba
Semrigebloba
Semdgomi rva savarjiSo, romelic ufro metad konkretul qmedebaTa Sesaxeb iZleva miTiTebebs, Tavdapirvelad budam mogvca. saxelwodebac _ `rvawevriani biliki~ misivea. is Semdeg savarjiSoebs moicavs
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
swori warmodgena anu swori Sexeduleba.
swori gadawyvetileba anu swori gansja (msjeloba).
swori metyveleba anu swori sityva.
swori saqme (qmedeba).
cxovrebis struqturireba anu pozicia.
swori swrafva.
swori gaxseneba (mogoneba).
Tavmoyra, Sejameba, anu swori Wvreta.
mkiTxveli albaT SeamCnevs, rom am savarjiSoTagan zogierTi ukve dawvrilebiT ganvixileT; ase, magaliTad, `koncentrirebuli azrovneba~ da `nebelobis iniciativa~ _
4.3 TavSi; `pozitiuroba~ _ 4.4 TavSi da `swori metyveleba~ _ 4.2 TavSi. am savarjiSoebma, gansakuTrebiT _ azrovnebis koncentraciis da swori metyvelebisa _ dReisTvis sxva roli SeiZina, vidre daaxloebiT am 80 wlis winaT hqonda. cnobierebis sayovelTao daavadebam, romelic dawvrilebiT aRvwereT, maT sul sxva da gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba SesZina. miuxedavad amisa, amieridan yvela savarjiSos mokle _ meditirebis _ formiT mimovixilavT da zogierT SeniSvnas davurTavT. amasTan, drodadro
r. Staineriseul formulirebebs gamoviyenebT (wignebidan: `rogor mivaRwioT zena
samyaroTa Semecnebas?~(`Wie erlangt man Erkentnisse der höheren Welten?~), `idumalTmecnierebis monaxazi~(`Die Geheimwissenschaft im Umriß~)).
1. koncentrirebuli azrovneba
movarjiSe adamiani unda mieCvios, sakuTari azrovnebis mowesrigebas miaqcios yuradReba. es azrovneba Sinaganad mowesrigebuli unda iyos. gverdi unda avuaroT gamfantvel azrebs, romlebic `azrianad~, logikurad ki ara, aramed SemTxveviT, asociaciuradaa erTmaneTze gadabmuli. erTi azri meoridan rac ufro metad gamomdinareobs, yvelafer alogikurs rac ufro metad avuqcevT gverds, Cveni SemecnebiTi
SemgrZnebloba [`maRali instinqti~] miT ufro gaizrdeba. aralogikuri azrebi Tu gvesmis, swori azrebiT azrovnebas veswrafviT. magram aralogikur garemocvas _ TviTganviTarebis mizniT _ usiyvarulod ki ar unda avaridoT Tavi da arc is swrafva unda gvageorg kiulevindi – normaluridan jansaRisken
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moZravebdes, rom yovelive alogikuri Cvens garemocvaSi maSinve SevasworoT. ara,
garedan Cvenze mozRvavebul azrebs Cvens sakuTar sulSi sruliad wynarad logikuri,
`azriani~ mimarTuleba unda mivceT da viswrafodeT, sakuTar azrebSi yvelgan aseTi
gezi SevinarCunoT.
SeiZleba SevniSnoT, rom simZimis centri aq _ da sxva, TqvenTvis nacnob savarjiSoebSic _ cota sxvaganaa, vidre azrovnebiTi koncentraciisas, rogorc is aRvwereT, magram arsebiTad isini mainc erTsa da imave mizans emsaxureba. sakuTar azrovnebiT samyaroSi sruli ufali rom viyoT, amis miRwevas emsaxureba azrovnebiTi koncentraciis
savarjiSo. drois mokle monakveTSi am miznamde misvlaSi koncentrireba ise gvexmareba, rom cnobierebis cxovrebis spontanurobas [uSualobas, arawinaswargansazRvrulobas] da Cvens fantazias safrTxe ar emuqreba. xolo yoveli asociacia, romelic _ misi
Tanmxlebi tkbobis grZnobis meoxebiT _ Tavisken gvizidavs, `sapirispiro savarjiSoa~;
is samSvinvelSi qvecnobieris Zalauflebas aZlierebs. miuxedavad amisa, savarjiSosTvis gankuTvnili drois garda, mSvinvieri cxovrebis spontanurobaSi (uSualobaSi)
mxolod Zalze frTxilad Tu CavereviT, im SemTxvevaSic ki, roca asocireba grZeldeba. rac ufro meti sulieri cxovrebaa adamianSi, miT ufro naklebi adgili, dro
da midrekileba rCeba mas asocirebisTvis. masSi asocirebis adgils intuituri SemoqmedebiTi fantazia ikavebs.
2. nebelobis iniciativa
azrovnebiT cxovrebaSi Tanmimdevruloba qcevaSi TanmimdevrulobiT unda SevavsoT. qcevaSi yovelgvari aramdgradoba, disharmonia zians ayenebs faqiz SemecnebiT
SemgrZneblobas [`maRal instinqts~], romelic savarjiSoebis meSveobiT yalibdeba. roca movimoqmedebT rasme, momdevno qmedeba ise unda avawyoT, rom is logikurad pirvelidan gamomdinareobdes. vinc dRes sxva gagebiT moqmedebs da xval _ sxvagvarad, mas
Tavis mSvinvier cxovrebaSi aralogikuri, arasityvismieri iseve Seaqvs, rogorc mas,
vinc logikurad ar `azrovnebs~.
Tanmimdevrul qcevas SeiZleba nebis gavarjiSebiT `zedmeti [usargeblo] qmedebiT~
(Tavi 4.3) mivaRwioT, romelic sxva arafridan `gamomdinareobs~, Tu ara movarjiSis
sruliad pirveladi nebidan. asociaciuri azrovnebis garda `asociaciur~, aracnobieri impulsebiT ganpirobebul qcevasac unda gadaveCvioT. aq kvlav ara impulsis Sinaarsi, aramed misi warmomavloba igulisxmeba. imisTvis, rom maRalma, intuiturma spontanurobam [arawinaswarganpirobebuloba-gansazRvrulobam] qcevaSi gamovlineba SeZlos,
damoukidebeli me-arsebis kontrols jer nebelobiTi cxovreba unda daeqvemdebaros. maSin masSi qvecnobierisgan gaTavisuflebul intuiciebs SeeZleba, zecnobieridan gamomdinare gansxeuldes.
nebelobis savarjiSo, magaliTad, Semdegnairad SeiZleba Sesruldes. gadavwyvetT,
rom garkveuli periodis ganmavlobaSi _ erTidan or kviramde _ raRac Zalian ubralo,
usargeblo, `arasaWiro~ moqmedeba SevasruloT (sasurvelia _ dRis erTsa da imave
dros), magaliTad, Rili gavixsnaT da mere isev SevikraT. am qmedebis Sesruleba imiT
iwyeba, rom yvela sxva saqmianobas mTlianad vwyvetT, vCerdebiT da mTel Cvens Zalebs
vikrebT, rom yuradReba Cvens moZraobas mivapyroT, romelsac ganzraxuli qmedebisas
vaxorcielebT.
dawyebis momenti ise srulad unda iyos izolirebuli sxva yvelafrisgan Cvens
azrovnebiTsa Tu yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi, TiTqos mTeli Cveni arsebiT uhaero sivrceSi SevdiodeT: am qmedebis dasawyisSi Cven dasabamis mimcemi Cveni nebis totalobas
ganvicdiT, rogor iRvreba es totaloba Cvens moZraobaSi.
Rilis Sexeba, misi amoZraveba da ase Semdeg Zalian nela unda xdebodes, rom moqmedeba yovel wams nebiT iyos gamsWvaluli. erTi detalic ar unda ganmsWvalos moqmedebis mZinare Cvevam, avtomatizmma da arc Sesrulebis romelime fazas unda `gadavaxteT moxerxebulad~. iseTi grZnoba unda gagviCndes, rom moqmedebis yvelaze wvrilmani detalebic ki axla, sul pirvelad unda ganvaxorcieloT. mTlianad vyvinTavT am _
sxva SemTxvevaSi advili da zedapiruli qmedebis _ rogorSi, roca imas veswrafviT,
rom moqmedebis mimarT yuradRebiT yofnis am gaxanierebul drois monakveTSi TiTebisa da sagnis ormxriv gafaqizebul urTierTSexebaSi, mklavis moZraobaSi davostatdeT. moqmedebis Sesrulebis gadawyveta nebisa da am nebis ganmmsWvalavi azrovnebis
tolqmedebiT ganxorcielebis rukaze CainiSneba. qmedebis dasruleba naTeli, koncentrirebuli yuradRebiT unda movicvaT. SesaZlebelia, azrovnebiT kvlav xelaxla
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ganvicadoT qmedebis dawyeba, Tavad qmedeba da misi dasasruli _ ise, TiTqos es sami
faza erTi aqti, erTi impulsi iyos.
es pirveli ori `Tana-savarjiSo~ movarjiSes raime axlis gakeTebis, axali qmedebis
ganxorcielebis impulss aZlevs. Semdgomi savarjiSoebi ufro metad Sinagani qcevis
saxeebsa da Sinagan qmedebaze yuradRebis gamaxvilebisTvisaa gamiznuli. Tuki pirveli ori _ rogorc savarjiSo _ drois gansazRvruli monakveTiTaa Semofargluli, momdevnoebi ufro metad zogadi moTxovnebia, magram isinic garkveuli, winaswargansazRvruli sababiT koncentrirebulad SeiZleba ganxorcieldes. magaliTad, iseTi saubrisas, romlis Sesaxebac winaswar viciT, rom `rTuli~ iqneba, wonasworobis SenarCuneba SegviZlia ganvizraxoT.
3. wonasworoba
mesame savarjiSo xalissa da sevdas, sixarulsa da tkivils Soris meryeobisas garkveuli stabilobis SemuSavebas isaxavs miznad. `mecxre caze frena~ da `SavnaRvlianoba~ cnobierad gawonasworebuli ganwyobilebiT unda Seicvalos. yuradRebas vaqcevT imas, rom sixarulma ar wagvlekos, tkivilma miwaze ar dagvces, rom, rac unda
gamovcadoT, rac unda viwvnioT, uzomo risxvasa da wyromaSi araferma CagviTrios,
nebismierma molodinma SiSiTa da drtvinviT ar gangvmsWvalos, nebismierma situaciam
moTminebidan ar gamogviyvanos da ase Semdeg, magram amiT imis Tqma rodi gvsurs, TiTqos grZnobebi ar unda ganvicadoT. sasixarulom samSvinveli unda gaaxaros, samwuxarom ki mas tkivili unda miayenos. samSvinvelma mxolod imas unda miaRwios, rom am
grZnobaTa gamoxatvas daeuflos. Tuki amas veswrafviT, adre Tu gvian SevamCnevT,
rom ki ar vClungdebiT, aramed piriqiT, sasixarulo da mtkivneuli Cvens irgvliv
gulTan axlos adrindelze ufro metad migvaqvs.
am savarjiSos ZiriTadi motivi, oRond cotaTi sxvagvar konteqstSi, 4.3 TavSi iyo
aRwerili. misi Sedegi Sinagani simSvidea, romelic drodadro spontanurad iCens
xolme Tavs. es ki wvrTnis mTeli gzisTvis igivea, rac fundamenti _ SenobisTvis. Tandayolili an yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi gamomuSavebuli wonasworoba savarjiSoTi miRweuls ver Secvlis. erTi mxriv, simSvide yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi sruliadac ar niSnavs imas, rom cnobierebis ufro cocxal doneebze anu ufro maRal samyaroebSi gadasvlisas adamiani wonasworobas ar dakargavs. meore mxriv, aracnobierad mopovebuli
simSvide TiTqmis yovelTvis SemgrZneblobis xarjze viTardeba, SemgrZnebloba ki SecnobisTvis aucilebeli ram gaxlavT [da jobs, misTvis daizogos].
es savarjiSo yuradRebas detalurad im grZnobaTa grigalebze mimarTavs, romlebic sasiamovno Tu usiamovno gancdaTa niadagze warmoiSoba. ase, magaliTad, Rrma tkivili _ saerTod, rogorc wesi _ garemos gancdiT dakavebul mSvinvier Zalebs kvanZiseburad kumSavs da Tavis samsaxurSi ayenebs. Zala, romelic, Cveulebriv, axlos Tu
Sors mdebare garemoze yuradRebis mipyrobiT cocxlobs, aq Tavis avtonomias kargavs.
tkivilze yuradRebis gamaxvileba nebelobiT rodi xdeba, romelic, Cveulebriv,
yuradRebaSi cocxlobs; yuradReba aris carieli neba. yuradReba aseT SemTxvevaSi
Tavisi ostatis gareSe rCeba da ususuria: amis gamo tkivilis SegrZneba Zlierdeba da
gazviadebulia, xolo ususurobis SegrZneba amas kidev ufro uwyobs xels. saqme SeiZleba iqamdec mivides, rom samSvinvelma savsebiT dakargos kavSiri nebelobasTan, nebelobiT qmedebasTan, romliTac yuradRebis marTva xdeba da ai, maSin nevrotuli daavadebebi iCens Tavs. ususuroba SeiZleba aracnobieri nebis sferosac gadaswvdes,
romelic sasicocxlo procesTa spontanur harmonias aregulirebs: swored ase warmoiSoba daavadebebi fizikur organizmSi.
roca tkivils aseTi ngreva mohyveba, amis garegnuli niSnebi ubralod rodi unda
CavaxSoT. koncentrirebulma yuradRebam tkivilis `uostatod~ darCenili, ususuri, dadamblavebuli grZnoba unda moZebnos, romelic TiTqmis mTlianad erT punqtSia
mokrunCxuli, romlis SegrZnebac sxeulebrivad SesaZlebelia. es Zieba im faqtze
koncentraciis meSveobiT xdeba, romelic tkivils iwvevs _ nebelobiTi azrovnebiT
masze. Semdeg imave nebis meSveobiT es gamowveuli grZnoba unda moiZebnos; Cveulebriv, Cven gvsurs tkivili Tavidan aviciloT; am savarjiSoSi ki sawinaaRmdegos vakeTebT: Cven tkivilis arsebas veZebT. koncentraciis meore fazaSi, romelic amjerad
ara faqtze, aramed grZnobazea mimarTuli. raRac faqtiT gamowveuli, mtkivneuli
grZnobis aRmoCena niSnavs, rom grZnoba amJamad raRac akvniT, moalerse xeliT _ yuradRebiT _ aris garemoculi, romelSiac im tkivilisa aSkarad aRaraferia. grZnoba, yugeorg kiulevindi – normaluridan jansaRisken
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radRebiT Semosili, Tavis dakrunCxul, mtkivneul wertilovan xasiaTs kargavs. is
TandaTanobiT `ixsneba~ da ganagrZobs samSvinvelSi cxovrebas uryevi simSvidiT, romelic adamians mTlianad moicavs.
sixarulis usazRvro grZnobasac SeuZlia garemoSi moqmedi mSvinvieri Zalebi _ nebeloba, yuradReba _ pirukuRma Seatrialos. adamiani Tavs ise SeigrZnobs, TiTqos Tavis sxeulebriv sazRvrebs gareT gadis da kidurebi mxolodRa `ukan misdeven~. misi
sityvebic, SeiZleba, win uswrebdes azrebs; is yvelas yvelafers `patiobs~; razedac,
Cveulebriv, mgrZnobiared reagirebs xolme, is axla mas TiTqos arc ki exeba.
es mkveTri Semotrialeba sasiamovno faqtiT aRZrul sixaruls aZlierebs da azviadebs. sixaruli imis gamo Cndeba, rom adamiani manamdel SemgrZneblobas aRwevs Tavs.
Tavis daRwevas pasiurad `mivaRwieT~, es ki sixarulis SenarCunebisa da misi gamocdilebad qcevisTvis sakmarisi ar aris. gamocdilebis neba gancdaSi CarTuli araa, amitom samSvinvelis zeasawevad sakmarisi is ver iqneba. grZnobiT afeTqebas kidev ufro
aZlierebs SiSis faruli grZnoba, rom sixaruli gaqreba. TviTSegrZneba Cvens vrcel
yofierebaSi xom realoba araa. igi romeliRac momdevno gancdis niadagze SeiZleba
haerSi aSenebuli koSkiviT nacartutad iqces.
`karg gunebaze yofna~ SeiZleba realoba iyos da ara wonasworobis darRveva, Tuki
is nebis dakargvis gamo ar warmoSobila da amiT ar Zlierdeba. Tuki is wonasworobis
darRveviT warmoiSva da ganviTarda, maSin `guneba-ganwyobam~ Semdgomi, usiamovno zegavlenis gamo SeiZleba normalur doneze dabla daiwios da depresiuli gaxdes. xSirad raime axali gancda sulac ar aris amisTvis saWiro. Tavisi ususurobis gamo, nebelobis naklebobis gamo igi ufro metad kontrolirebul grZnobaTa qvemoT isedac
moeqceva.
grZnobiTi cxovreba miT ufro metad aris aseT katastrofaTa msxverpli, maTi gamgebiani gancda rac ufro naklebad gvsurs. wonasworobis dakargva _ es aris yuradRebis ZalTa gadaxtoma iseT zonaSi, sadac gageba adamianisTvis SeuZlebelia. es faruli
ganzraxva ki naTeli nebiT ar gveZleva. aseTi `naxtomisTvis~ sixaruli xSirad saSualebaa. ukve sayovelTaod miRebul Sexedulebad iqca, rom namdvili sixaruli mxolod `kaifSi~ SeiZleba iSvas (romlis drosac samSvinvelSi swored yuradRebis CaxSoba xdeba).
Tuki koncentraciis Zala sasiamovno gancdisas grZnobasTan rCeba da igi sxva mdgomareobaSi gadasaxtom tramplinad ar gamoiyeneba, maSasadame, Tuki am Zalas grZnobaSi
cxovreba SeuZlia, maSin sixaruli Tavis zedapirulobas kargavs da mSvid Sinagan
gancdad gadaiqceva. xandaxan is SeiZleba adamians imaSic daexmaros, man vinmes raime
rom apatios, Seundos da, agreTve, TandaTanobiT gamouTxaros Ziri sakuTar TviTmgrZnobelobasa da TviTgvemas.
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4. pozitiuroba
im Zalis movlas, romelic azrovnebaSi moqmedebs da romelsac azrovneba grZnobebis, kiTxvebis, problemebis mimarT Tavis wminda, araegoistur Semgueblobas umadlis
_ anu sulieri siyvarulis movlasa da mis aRzrda-gaRvivebas _ pozitiuroba hqvia.
samSvinvelis aseTi ganwyoba (pozicia) ukeT SeiZleba gavigoT, Tuki ieso qristes
Sesaxeb goeTes mier gadmocemul sparsul legendas gavixsenebT. `ufalma sxvebTan
erTad ZaRlis mZors Cauara. sxvebma mZorisgan zizRiT piri ibrunes, ufalma ki mZoris
mSvenier kbilebze daiwyo saubari~. samSvinvelis aseTi ganwyoba aris pozitiuroba.
ukeTureba, simaxinje, Secdoma adamians xels ar unda uSlides imaSi, rom keTili,
mSvenieri da WeSmariti eZios da SeamCnios yvelgan, sadac ki is aris. es arc arakritikulobaa da arc negatiurze Tvalis daxuWva. vinc cxovelis gvamis mSvenieri kbilebiTaa aRfrTovanebuli, is xrwnasac xedavs. magram es mas mSvenieris SemCnevaSi xels ar
uSlis. avs kargi, Savs TeTri rodi unda vuwodoT, magram avma kargis danaxvaSi xeli ar
unda SegviSalos.
aseTi mSvinvieri ganwyoba im pozicias gvapovninebs, romliTac adamians misTvis
ucxo movlenaTa da arsebaTa mdgomareobaSi siyvaruliT aRsavse gagebiT SeuZlia Sevides da maTTvis `ganaCenis gamotanis~ nacvlad, sakuTar Tavs hkiTxos: rogor mivida
esa Tu is (konkretuli) adamiani iqamde, rom aseTia, rom ase moqmedebs? am poziciidan
iSveba WeSmariti TanagrZnoba da swrafva sxvisTvis daxmarebis gawevisa iq, sadac es SesaZlebelia, agreTve _ gansjis Zalac imis gadasawyvetad, SeiZleba Tu ara daxmarebis
gaweva, an es rac SeiZleba ukeT rogor unda moxerxdes.
amiT imis mimarT, rac Cven garSemo xdeba, SemgrZneblobis kari ixsneba da es SemgrZnebloba varjiSis meoxebiT sakuTar arsebas sZlevs. irgvliv bevri iseTi ramis SemCnevas viwyebT, rasac manamde ver vamCnevdiT. pozitiuroba SeiZleba ganvixiloT rogorc saSualeba im uyuradRebobis dasaZlevad, romelic yovel adamianSia. garemo
Cveni nawili xdeba. koncentrirebuloba am savarjiSos winapirobaa. yovelive qariSxliani, vnebiani, afeqturi, riTac cnobiereba itboreba, am axal, gareT mimarTul SemgrZneblobaze uaryofiTad moqmedebs.
pozitiurobis savarjiSo 4.4 TavSi Sesavlis saxiT iyo aRwerili. aq mocemuli
formulirebebi ki meditaciur CaRrmavebas emsaxureba.
5. miukerZoebloba
improvizatorulma cnobierebam, raSic azrovnebis neba unda momwifdes, plastikuroba da axali gancdebis mimRebloba ukve gancdilisa da gamocdilis zegavleniT
arasodes unda dakargos. iseTi ram, rac `arasodes gvsmenia~, `arsad gvinaxavs~, ki ar
unda ukuvagdoT, aramed sixaruliT unda miviRoT. yvelaferma SeiZleba adamians mudam raRac axali amcnos. samSvinvelis aseTi ganwyoba imas rodi niSnavs, rom adre gancdili arafers gvaswavlis. oRond egaa, rom ukve gancdili CvenTvis axlis sazomi ar
unda iyos da yovelTvis Riad unda vtovebdeT imis SesaZleblobas, rom axali gamocdilebebi Zvels SeiZleba ewinaaRmdegebodes. ase iRviZebs imis `rwmena~, rom Cveni
unaris wyalobiT SevZlebT, gavigoT, garkveuli aucilebeli zomiT mainc, axali,
SevZlebT, daveufloT mas da yvela problema gadavwyvitoT. movarjiSe adamiani Tavis
Zvel mosazrebebs, gamocdilebebs ki ar ebRauWeba, aramed Tavis intuicias endoba da
grZnobs SesaZleblobas, Secvalos da Seasworos Tavisi Sexedulebebi, mosazrebebi.
Tavisi axleburi Semecnebis mimarT ndoba sakuTari axleburi qmedebis mimarT ndobad
iqceva. mas SeeZleba Tavis wamowyebebs, Tavis ganzraxvebs ndobiT mihyves. warumateblobani da dabrkolebebi sasowarkveTilebaSi ki ar agdebs mas, aramed axal Zalebs
aRvivebs masSi maT dasaZlevad.
Tavis mosazrebebSi, SexedulebebSi, CvevebSi adamiani rac ufro naklebadaa warsuliT ganpirobebuli da formirebuli, Tavis warsul gamocdilebebsa da gancdebs
unar-SesaZleblobebiT rac ufro metad gaumdidrebia igi, miT ufro advilad
SeZlebs axlis sworad miRebas. gamocdilebebi cnobierebis ufro maRal safexurebze
yoveli adamianisTvis axalia, ar meordeba da TavianTi xasiaTiT Cveulebrivi cxovrebiseuli gancdebisgan sruliad gansxvavdeba. es isev da isev mgrZnobelobaa, romelic,
obieqturobis SemuSavebis mcdelobiT, TiTqosda Cveviseulisgan amoizrdeba da
axali gancdebisken miemarTeba.
cnobierebis samyarosTan damokidebulebis, urTierTobis Cveulebrivi forma SexebiT sakuTari sazRvrebis mosinjvaSi mdgomareobs iq, sadac am sazRvrebs romelime
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arseba, sagani, movlena moadgeba. es SexebiTi moZraoba mruddeba da TviTSegrZnebis
mimarTulebiT ukan ixreba, radganac cnobierebis qmedeba sazRvrebze gadasasvlels ver poulobs, anu Sexebis wertilis ganeitraleba, TviTSemgrZneblobisgan
misi gaTavisufleba ar ZaluZs. sazRvris es SegrZneba Zlierdeba da ama Tu im arsebasTan Tu movlenasTan Sexvedras nawilobriv an mTlianad walekavs xolme.
es savarjiSo, faqtobrivad, cnobierebis sasazRvro wertilebis neitralizaciaa,
maTi nawilobriv moSlaa. SemCnevis, Sexvedris, raimes moxdenis (procesis) dros, am
momentSi raRac azri, grZnoba umetesad TavisTavad iRviZebs an kidev mocemuli sagnis
Taobaze azrTa erTiani jaWvi Tu msjeloba iqmneba. miukerZoeblobis savarjiSo azris
Tu msjelobis gaRviZebas uswrebs win anu nebelobiT Slis, arbilebs maT, Tu maT Tavi
ukve iCines da yovelgvar naCqarev daskvnas, yovelgvar daufiqrebel msjelobas nacartutad aqcevs. vazrovnebT ase: `diax, es asea~; `axla ki asea~. es nabiji aqtiur molodins, samSvinvelis cnobierad dacarielebas niSnavs iq, sadac sxva SemTxvevaSi Cveni
azrobrivi da grZnobiTi Cvevebis tyveni varT. Tu am poziciis dakaveba movaxerxeT,
grZnoba TiTqmis imavdroulad iwyebs Tavisi simagris, Tavisi ukumgdebeli kidis Serbilebas, gaSalaSinebas _ im kidisa, romlis saSualebiTac aqamde cnobierebis sazRvrebi iyo SenarCunebuli. axal movlenasTan, arsebasTan, saganTan Sexebis wertili ase
neitraldeba, ase kargavs igi im ukumgdebeli sazRvris avtomatur funqcias, romelic
SiSvel informacias atarebs. am Sexebisas win stilis gamocdileba (gancda) wamoiwevs.
Sexvedra axalTan _ axali ki yvelaferia _ ara erT wertilSi, aramed mTel xazze,
mTel sibrtyeze, mTel sivrceSi ganxorcieldeba, romelic adamians, mis gamocdilebas, process, sagansa Tu arsebas erTad, erT usazRvro mTlianobaSi moicavs.
6. Semrigebloba
zemoT aRwerili xuTi savarjiSos mowesrigebuli monacvleobis wyalobiT samSvinvelSi wonasworoba gamomuSavdeba. raime movleniT an arsebiT ukmayofileba qreba.
TandaTanobiT Semrigebluri ganwyoba iRviZebs, romelic gulgrilobis sapirispiroa; is ki ara, piriqiT _ swored igi gvaniWebs unars, samyaros winsvlisTvis saqmis gamosworebiT vimuSaoT. saganTa mSvidad gagebis kari gvexsneba, rac manamde samSvinvelisTvis daxSuli iyo. es adamianTa, sxva arsebaTa Tu faqtTa mimarT moTmenas, Semwynareblobas aRviZebs. movarjiSe adamiani yovel zedmetobas, Tavmomwoneobas, arasrulqmnilis, borotis, cudis kritikas Tavs aridebs. piriqiT, is cdilobs, yovelive
es gaigos. igi maT araTu gagebiT aRsavse TanagrZnobas aklebs, aramed sxvis mdgomareobaSi sakuTari Tavis Cayenebas cdilobs imis gasagebad, rogor daexmaros mas.
me-6 savarjiSos regularulad Sesrulebis Semdeg samSvinveli im ZaliT aRiWurveba, romelic yuradRebasaviT raimeze SeiZleba iyos `mimarTuli~. amiT samSvinveli
fsiqikuri reagirebisgan Tavis damoukideblobas uyris safuZvels.
fsiqikuri reagireba awmyoseuli elementi araa. is nebelobis amJamindelobaSi ki
ar warmoiSoba, aramed is damatebiTi moZraobaa ukve Cavlili movlenebisa da azrebisTvis, maTi warsuliseuli xasiaTis `Semavsebeli~: es aris ukuqmedeba. TviTgaZlierebuli neba ki _ savarjiSo 5 _ amJamindelia, adamianis awmyoseuli nebaa.
es niSnavs, rom SemgrZnebloba samyaros SexebiT SemgrZnob (momsinjvel) organod
iqceva _ warmarTvad ZalTa buneba xom iseTia, romlis meSveobiT aRdgeba kavSiri yovelive imasTan, risganac samSvinvelma Tavis egoistur SemgrZneblobaSi piri ibruna,
rac ukuagdo, rac ver miiRo.
me-6 savarjiSos meSveobiT adamiani eswrafvis, rom cnobiereba warmarTvadi Zalis
bunebis Sesabamisad aamoqmedos. azrovneba mzad unda iyos, moeSvas im codnas, konkretul codnad rom gamoiyeneba, Semdgomi diferencireba ganicados da manamde warmoudgeneli kavSirebis mimarTulebiT ise Camoyalibdes, rogorc amas es kavSirebi moiTxovs. azrovneba sul mzad unda iyos, moiSalos, moirRves da Tavis qmedeba xelaxla
daiwyos. mas araferi ekargeba, azrovnebaSi yvelaferi fass, Rirebulebas iZens, ar
xdeba risame Seufasebloba, araferia ukugdebuli. asevea grZnobiTi cxovrebac: ra
zomiTac is fsiqikuri reagirebisgan damoukidebeli gaxdeba, im zomiT axali SegrZnebiTi sistema aigeba, romlis SemgrZneblobis meoxebiTac samSvinveli aqamde misgan
Sors myof garemosac Caeqsoveba.
samSvinveli nebiT CamoiSorebs grZnobiT Cvevebs, romlebic aTaswleulebs iTvlis: pativmoyvareobas, eWvianobas, SurisZiebis wyurvils da ase Semdeg. faqizi muSaobiT namdvili adamianuri Rimili iSveba, rogorc sibrZnis pirveli safexuri. samSgeorg kiulevindi – normaluridan jansaRisken
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vinveli samyaros axal ferebSi xedavs _ is sagnebis, procesebis, faqtebis warmoqmnaSi
nebelobiT Rebulobs monawileobas _ da Sors swvdeba am qmedebis mwife nayofTa
brwyinva.
samSvinvelis Zalebi, samSvinvelis ganwyobis saxeebi, eqvsi `Tana-savarjiSos~ saSualebiT rom iZerweba, jaWviviTaa gadabmuli. dasasrul, amas rvawevriani bilikis
mSvinvieri qmedebani agvirgvinebs. Tanamedrove adamianisTvis es savarjiSoebi r. Stainerma Camoayaliba.* isini, erTi SexedviT, iseTnair qcevas(qmedebas) aRwers, romelic,
kacma rom Tqvas, yvela kulturuli adamianisTvis isedac cxadia. magram misi mkacri
ganxorcieleba varjiSis gareSe SeuZlebelia, dRes _ miT ufro, vidre odesme. Semdegi
aRwerilobani, romlebic r. Staineris mocemuls mihyveba, eskizebad unda miviRoT,
romelTa individualuri formireba varjiSis pirveli nabijia.
1. swori warmodgena anu swori Sexeduleba
pirveli savarjiSos arsi isaa, rom Cvens warmodgenebs da imas, ranairad warmoiqmneba da yalibdeba isini, yuradRebiTa da mzrunvelobiT movekidoT. Cveulebriv,
adamiani am mxriv mTlianad imas eyrdnoba, rasac SemTxveva moutans.magaliTad, raimes
danaxvisas an gagonebisas masSi Sesabamisi warmodgena iqmneba. magram adamianis Semecneba ase ver ganviTardeba; adamianma unda aRzardos sakuTari Tavi am mimarTulebiT. man
unda SeimuSaos unari, yuradReba miaqcios sakuTar warmodgenebs, maTSi gare samyarosgan cnobas, uwyebas xedavdes. igi im warmodgenebiT ar unda kmayofildebodes,
romlebsac aseTi mniSvneloba ara aqvs. man mTeli Tavisi cnebiTi samyaro ise unda
Camoayalibos, is gare samyaros utyuari sarke rom iyos; samSvinvelidan araswori
warmodgenebis gaZevebas unda eswrafodes. is unda Seecados, azrovnebiT cxovrebaSi
TandaTanobiT ganasxvaos arsebiTi araarsebiTisgan, warmavali _ maradiulisgan, WeSmariteba _ oden Sexedulebisgan. igi unda Seecados, sxvaTa saubris mosmenisas Sinaganad mTlianad gairindos da uari Tqvas yovelgvar mimxrobaze, mikerZoebasa Tu
daTanxmebaze da gansakuTrebiT _ yovelgvar uaryofiT msjelobaze, yovelgvar kritikaze, Tundac mxolod sakuTar azrebsa Tu grZnobebze xorcieldebodes is.
adamiani ar aris miCveuli Tavisi warmodgenebis Semowmebas maTi sisworis TvalsazrisiT, miuxedavad imisa, rom es warmodgenebi xSirad naCqarevad da simpaTia-antipaTiis zegavleniT warmoiSoba. azrovnebis koncentracia Cven imis SesaZleblobas gviqmnis, warmodgenebi mxolod Cveni nebiT SevqmnaT. garedan CvenSi raime STabeWdiliT
warmodgenis Seqmnisas misi aracnobieri, spontanuri warmoSoba iseve unda iyos gamoricxuli, rogorc koncentraciis savarjiSoSi. roca raimes Sesaxeb swor warmodgenamde mivdivar, is grZnoba Cndeba, rom me WeSmaritebasTan am sagnis Sesaxeb, mis aRmoCenasTan, mis yofierebasTan identuri vxdebi. Tuki Seqmnili warmodgena mcdaria,
maSin faqtsa da warmodgenas Soris gamudmebuli, arasasiamovno, momqancveli Widili
da daZabuloba gaimarTeba, vidre faqti araswor warmodgeniT suraTSi mTlianad ar
CaerTveba. Sem-dgom ki amaze momdevno mcdari warmodgenebis rigi daSendeba.
moTxovna, rom maradiuli warmavalisgan, WeSmariteba subieqturi Sexedulebisgan
ganvasxvaoT, Tavdapirvelad Zalze Zneli Sesasrulebeli Cans. magram samSvinvelis
Rrma sasicocxlo mdinarebaSi (moZraobaSi) arsebobs midrekileba maTi garCevisken,
radganac es samSvinvelis wamalia, romelic mas malamod edeba.
raime Sexedulebisa Tu warmodgenis warmoqmnas grZnobebi Tan ar unda axldes.
warmodgenebi, romlebic spontanuri grZnobebisgan damoukideblad warmoCndeba, SemdgomSi swor, adekvatur grZnobebs aRvivebs, romlebic WeSmaritebis identuria da
harmoniaSia masTan. kacma rom Tqvas, mxolod WeSmariteba unda aRviZebdes grZnobebs:
grZnobebis WeSmaritebasTan harmonias yvela avadmyofobisa da tkivilis
gankurnebamde mivyavarT, rac ki tanjavs da tvirTad awveba adamians .
*
Sdr.: G. Khlewind, Die Diner des Logos, danarTi; Stuttgart 1981.
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2. swori gadawyvetileba anu swori msjeloba
meore mSvinvieri procesi, romelzedacaa saWiro muSaoba, esaa gadawyvetilebis
miReba. yvelaze umniSvnelo raimec ki mxolod gansjiT unda gadavwyvitoT. yovelgvar
gauazrebel qmedebas, yovelgvar arafris momtan saqciels unda veridoT; mxolod
kargad awon-dawonili safuZvlebidan gamomdinare vimoqmedoT da Tavi vaneboT imas,
riskenac im motivebs mivyavarT, romlebic mniSvnelovani araa. Tuki raime gadawyvetilebis sisworeSi darwmunebuli varT, maSin Sinagani simtkiciT kidevac unda gavataroT igi. es gaxlavT, egreT wodebuli, swori msjeloba, romelic simpaTia-antipaTiaze damokidebuli ar SeiZleba iyos.
adamiani xSirad cnobieri gadawyvetilebis gareSe, zogjer sakuTari gadawyvetilebis sawinaaRmdegodac ki moqmedebs. amis SemCneva, amaze yuradRebis gamaxvileba
am savarjiSoSi pirveli nabijia, romelsac adamiani iqiTken mihyavs, rom igi cnobieri
gadawyvetilebidan gamomdinare qmedebas swavlobs. am gadawyvetilebas Tavisi wyaro
msjelobaSi, garemoebaTa gansja-gaazrebaSi aqvs. gavarjiSebuli gansjis unari SesaZlebelia, intuituri iyos _ sulis amJamindeloba _ da adamiani sakuTari gadawyvetilebis mixedviT rac ufro Tanmimdevrulad imoqmedebs, misi gansjis unaris funqcionireba miT ufro damajerebeli gaxdeba. miRebuli gadawyvetilebis, sakuTari gansjis
sawinaaRmdego qmedeba am unarze ukuqmedebas axdens, gansakuTrebiT maSin, roca aseTi
ram SeumCneveli gvrCeba anda roca msjeloba, gadawyvetileba mogvianebiT modificirdeba, Tu mas Cadenili saqcielis gasamarTleblad vcvliT.
amiT imas rodi veswrafviT, rom Cveni cxovrebidan yvelaferi TamaSiseuli ganvdevnoT. ara, magram adamianma unda icodes: `axla me vTamaSob.~ roca sakuTari Sexedulebis sawinaaRmdegod vmoqmedebT, im impulsTa wyaro unda movZebnoT, romlebsac
am qmedebisken mivyavarT da Seulamazeblad davinaxoT igi. aracnobieri impulsebis
Taobaze arc iluziebi unda SeviqmnaT da arc azrobrivad unda gavamarTloT isini.
Tuki maT mivyvebiT _ keTili, magram cnobierad mainc mivyveT, rac Cven maincdamainc ar
gviyvars!
Cvens gansjasa da sxva impulsebs Soris brZolidan gansjis Zalis mimarT siyvaruli
SeiZleba gaCndes. amaze uaris Tqma adamians aRar swadia, Tuki erTxel mainc gamoscada
is. Tuki gansjis unars moqmedebis saSualebas mivcemT, is Sobs am siyvaruls, romelic,
Tavis mxriv, gansjis unars aZlierebs. es unari sul ufro da ufro gadadis sulier
sifxizleSi, gansjis Zalis naTel cxovelmyofelobaSi, romelic am siyvarulis obieqtia da romelTanac TanxmobaSi qmedeba adamianis uSinaganesi survilia.
3. swori metyveleba anu swori sityva
mesame fenomeni, romelsac unda SevexoT, metyvelebaa. vsaubrobT mxolod maSin, roca marTla gvaqvs raRac saTqmeli. am TvalsazrisiT, laparaki laparakisTvis, magaliTad, drois gayvanis mizniT da ase Semdeg, sazianoa, radganac is adamians
Tavisi arCeuli gzidan ganze axvevinebs. Cveul baass, sadac raimeze aRar aris saubari,
unda veridoT, magram, amasTan, irgvliv myof adamianebTan urTierTobas ar unda gaveqceT. metyveleba TandaTanobiT, swored urTierTobaSi unda ganviTardes da mniSvnelobis mqone gaxdes. vesaubroT da gamovepasuxoT yvelas, magram gaazrebulad da yovelmxriv windaxedulad. nu vilaparakebT umizezod, amas dumili jobs. SevecadoT,
arc zedmeti sityvebi davaxvavoT da arc metismetad sityvaZunwni viyoT. sxvis saubars jer mSvidad movusminoT da Semdeg gadavamuSaoT igi.
swor metyvelebaze 4.2 TavSi bevri ram iyo naTqvami. Tu am savarjiSos meditaciis
mimarTulebiT gavaRrmavebT, mivxvdebiT, rom is marTlac moicavs yvela danarCens:
koncentrirebulobas, pozitiurobas, swor warmodgenas, gadawyvetilebis miRebas,
pozicias, gaxsenebas da ase Semdeg. mas iqamde mivyavarT, rom ena, rogorc fenomeni,
CvenTvis cnobieri xdeba. vuRrmavdebiT ra calkeul sityvebs, maT TavianT pirvelmniSvnelobamde mivadevnebT Tvals da vcdilobT, bunebis manamde mxolod garegnulad
saxeldebul fenomenTaTvis swori sityvebi vipovoT: vipovoT maTi `sazrisi~, maTi
`funqcia~ samyaroSi.
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meore mxriv, am savarjiSodan miemarTeba gza axali tipis erTobis Seqmnisken _ yuradRebianobiT usityvo sityvis mimarT, romelic meditaciaSi cocxlobs da amave
dros Tavisi amJamindelobiT pirveli axali saerTo sulieri zonaa.*
4. swori qmedeba
meoTxe savarjiSo garegnul qcevaTa mowesrigebas exeba. Cveni qcevebi Cven irgvliv
myof adamianebs xels ar unda uSlides. Cveni saqmianoba Cvens garemoSi, cxovrebiseul
situaciaSi da ase Semdeg, harmoniulad unda erTvebodes. Tu garedan momdinare sababiT viqmT raimes, yuradReba mivaqcioT imas, rom Cvendami wamoyenebuli moTxovnebi
rac SeiZleba ukeT davakmayofiloT, xolo Tu impulsiT vmoqmedebT, Cveni moqmedebis
Sedegebi zogadsakacobrio TvalsazrisiTac zustad avwon-davwonoT.
adamianis garegnuli qmedebani _ es misi sityvebis gagrZelebaa, es sityvismieria, ramdenadac adamianiseuli qmedebebia. swored amitomaa isini zogadsakacobrio interesebis amreklavi umetes SemTxvevaSi, maSinac ki, roca amdagvari maT TiTqos
araferi emCnevaT. vinaidan moqmedebebi _ es sityvebia, gamonaTqvamebia, maT iseve
unda vflobdeT, rogorc swor metyvelebas: isini ganzraxvis sicxadidan unda aRmocendes da qcevis ama Tu im saxis naTeli awon-dawonviT unda moviyvanoT sisruleSi.
moqmedebebi _ idealur SemTxvevaSi _ casa da dedamiwas iseve akavSirebs, rogorc
swori sityva.
adamians miwieri cxovreba, dedamiwa moqmedebisa da TviTmyofadi sityvebiT metyvelebisTvis eboZa; sxvagan mas amis saSualeba ar eqneboda; miwieri saqmianobis mimarT
wminda sixaruli aqedan momdinareobs.
Tuki Cveni moqmedeba sxvis mier, an garegnuli viTarebiTaa nakarnaxevi, maSin am qmedebaze imden xans unda vifiqroT, sanam am Cafiqrebidan sakuTari iniciativa ar iSveba.
ganzraxvis sinaTle unda msWvalavdes, aciskrovnebdes moqmedebas; da maSin is moqmedi
pirisTvisac da sxva adamianebisTvisac samyaros sityvismieri bunebis gadamcemi da
gamziarebeli iqneba.
5. cxovrebis gaZRola anu swori pozicia
mexuTe savarjiSo saerTod mTeli cxovrebis gaZRolas exeba. SevecadoT, bunebisa
da sulis Sesabamisad vicxovroT da garegnul iZulebiTobebsa Tu garegnul xdomilobebs nu mivcemT Cveni determinirebis nebas. moveridoT yvelafers, rasac cxovrebaSi mousvenroba da foriaqi Semoaqvs. adamiani araferSi unda aCqardes, magram arc
zanti unda iyos. cxovrebas igi unda uyurebdes rogorc saSualebasa da situacias
muSaobisTvis, ufro maRali ganviTarebisTvis da moqmedebiTac amis Sesabamisad unda
moqmedebdes. sakuTar sijansaResa da Cvevebze zrunva man iseTnairad unda aawyos, rom
harmoniuli cxovrebiT icxovros.
am savarjiSos miRma Zireuli sulieri kanoni dgas _ `me-arsebebs arseboba mxolod
maSin SeuZliaT, Tuki ganuwyvetliv viTardebian, Tuki arsebaTa kibis safexurebze
zeviT miiweven~. maT mudmivi, statikuri yofiereba, rogorc bunebis qmnilebebs an
adamianis mier Seqmnil sagnebs, ar gaaCniaT. Tu me-arseba im mimarTulebiT ar viTardeba, sadac misi cnobierebis wyaroebia (upirveles yovlisa _ zecnobieri), maSin igi
avaddeba, gadagvardeba, iRupeba. maSasadame, Semdgomi TviTganviTarebis mizani egoisturobis sawinaaRmdegoa _ mas WeSmariti mes dabadebisken mivyavarT.
`cxovrebis mizani, misi sazrisi~ _ am Tvalsazrisma unda ganmsWvalos, cxovrebas
garkveuli saxe, cnobierad Camoyalibebuli rogoroba unda mieces, rameTu Zalze
cota adamianTa SemTxvevaSi xdeba ise, rom maTi cxovreba TavisTavad aewyos maTi
Semdgomi ganviTarebis Sesatyvisad. ufro mosalodnelia, rom is sizantes, komfortsa
da tkbobis egoistur manias Cauvardes xelSi.
*
Sdr.: G. Khlewind, Die Diner des Logos, T. X., XI., XII., Stuttgart 1981
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6. swori miswrafeba
meeqvse savarjiSo adamianis swrafvis mimarTulebas exeba. gadavsinjoT Cveni unarSesaZleblobebi, Cveni codna da amis Sesabamisad vicxovroT. yuradReba mivaqcioT
imas, rom iseTs arafers wavepotinoT, risi gakeTebac Cvens Zalebs aRemateba, magram
arc imas movakloT xeli, risi gakeTebis Zalac Segvwevs. yoveldRiurs, wamiers unda
gascdes Cveni mzera. davisaxoT miznebi, idealebi, romlebic kacobriobis gajansaRebisa da Semdgomi ganviTarebis xelis Semwyobia. _ is, rac iTqva, mokled ase SegviZlia
gamovxatoT: yvela wina savarjiSo vaqcioT Cvevad (aq ar igulisxmeba myari Cvevebi;
isini xom ukve savarjiSoTa SinaarsiTaa gamoricxuli).
es savarjiSo Semdgomi nabijis gansazRvrisken mogviwodebs _ wina savarjiSos(cxovrebis swori gaZRolis) fonze. Tuki wina savarjiSo yuradRebas cxovrebis saerTo
formirebaze mimarTavs, es savarjiSo, ganviTarebis fazebisda Sesabamisad, swrafvis
ufro konkretul mimarTulebebs exeba.
Semdgomi amocanebis konkretul formulirebas Tu povnas yvelaze ukeT maSin SevZlebT, Tuki maT saSualebas mivcemT, adre aRweril savarjiSoTa mier Seqmnili niadagidan amoizardos, rodesac isini sul ufro da ufro metad iqceva Cvevebad. asec SegveZlo gveTqva: TavianTi improvizaciuli xasiaTiT es savarjiSoebi dRis msvlelobaze
sul ufro metad ise unda ganivrcos, rom am procesSi yoveldRiuri cnobierebis mizanmimarTuloba ar Caerios.
7. swori gaxseneba
meSvide mimarTuleba mSvinvier cxovrebaSi isaa, rom adamiani eswrafodes, cxovrebisgan rac SeiZleba meti iswavlos. yvelaferi SeiZleba gaxdes sababi cnobieri
gamocdilebis SeZenisa, romelic Cveni cxovrebis Semdgom formirebaSi dagvexmareba.
zustad daviyenoT Tvalwin yvelaferi _ raime SesaZlebloba xelidan Tu gavuSviT, an
raime arasrulyofilad gavakeTeT _ imis dasadgenad, rogor unda movqceuliyaviT.
roca sxvis qcevas vuyurebT, masac msgavsi ganzraxviT mivudgeT, magram ara usiyvarulo kritikiT. yoveli adamianisgan _ gansakuTrebiT bavSvebisgan _ Tuki yuradRebiT
viqnebiT, Zalian bevris swavla SeiZleba. am savarjiSos swor maxsovrobasac uwodeben _ Cven ukve naswavls, SeZenil gamocdilebas vixsenebT.
8. Sejameba
dasasrul, merve savarjiSo aseTia: drodadro Cvens TavSi CavixedoT da SevamowmoT, ramdenad gamogvivida, cxovrebis sakuTar principebs rom mivyvebodeT, am mxriv
Sesacvleli ra gvaqvs da am cvlilebas rogor SeiZleba mivaRwioT. Secdomebi-dan da
sisusteebidan (mosalodnelia, rom isini mravlad iqneba) erTs movniSnavT, ro-melic
pirvel rigSi gvaqvs dasaZlevi. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba Sinagan siwrfeles, sakuTari Tavis mimarT patiosnebas unda mieqces. avwon-davwonoT, Cveni cxovrebiT sakacobrio mizanTa mTlianobaSi ra adgili gvikavia. am savarjiSos aseve swor ganWvretasac uwodeben.
ganWvreta Sinagan mzeras im brZolas miapyrobs, romelic yovel adamianSi mis naTel momentebsa da egoisturobas Soris gamudmebiT mimdinareobs. adamiani Tavis
naTel momentebSi aRiqvams sikeTes, rogorc sakacobrio mizans, xolo misi egosturoba da qvecnobieri mas bneli zraxvebisken ubiZgebs xolme. egoizmis Secnoba ioli
rodia, radgan is aTasnair samoselSi _ altruizmis, daxmarebis survilisa da zogjer
msxverplis gaRebis samosSic kia gadacmuli. magram sisuste, rogorc aseTi, Secnobili
unda iyos maSinac ki, roca es sisuste siZliered asaRebs Tavs.
TviTSemecnebis procesi isaa, rom samSvinvelSi mebrZol partiaTagan orTaves
mieces sityva, orTaves saTqmeli iyos Sesmenili. sindisi am amocanas ver audis, radganac is mes mier ar aris Camoyalibebuli; amitom , roca sindisi `RaRadebs~, mowinaaRmdege partia SeiZleba SeumCneveli darCes, ris gamoc am partiasTan urTierTobebis
garkveva ver xerxdeba.
aqtualuri midgoma TviTSemecnebisas aseTia: ra keTdeba Cemi egoisturobidan gamomdinare da ra keTdeba sakacobrio miznebisTvis? Cveni moqmedeba ZiriTadad am ori
komponentisgan Sedgeba. SegviZlia yuradReba mivaqcioT imas, ra gviwyobs da ra gviSgeorg kiulevindi – normaluridan jansaRisken
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lis xels am savarjiSoebis SesrulebaSi: es SeiZleba dagvexmaros, Cven SigniT mebrZol ZalebSi gasarkvevad swori orientacia rom gamovimuSaoT.
roca `rvawevriani bilikis~ savarjiSoebs viazrebT, vamCnevT, rom dawvrilebiT
ganxiluli `swori metyvelebis~ savarjiSosa da me-7 savarjiSos garda, es savarjiSoebi
adamians ukve garkveul moTxovnebs uyenebs, romlebic arc ise ioli Sesasrulebelia.
ukve pirvel savarjiSoSive `arsebiTisa araarsebiTisgan~, `warmavalisa _ maradiulisgan~ da ase Semdeg, garCeva advili araa. imis dadgenac Znelia, sworia Tu ara Cveni esa
Tu is gadawyvetileba(me-2 savarjiSo), agreTve imisac, ramdenad SevZeliT zogadsakacobrio Tvalsazrisze dadgoma(me-4 savarjiSo), `bunebisa da sulis Sesabamisad~ cxovreba(me-5 savarjiSo), idealebis dasaxva, romlebic kacobriobis Semdgomi ganviTarebisTvis aris saWiro(me-6 savarjiSo) da imis gansazRvra, zogadsakacobrio miznebis
mTlianobis mimarT ra adgili gvikavia(me-8 savarjiSo). amas xangrZlivi swavla-mecadineobiT da msoflmxedvelobis CamoyalibebiT Tu mivaRwevT. magram yvela savarjiSoSia
xelmosaWidi wertilebi, romlebic yoveli adamianisTvis misawvdomia, vinc ki keTils
inebebs, miswvdes. mocemul SemTxvevaSi SegviZlia aRwerilobis am nawilebs moveWidoT. Cven vnaxeT, swori metyvelebis savarjiSom ramdenad Sors SeiZleba wagviyvanos.
`rvawevriani bilikis~ savarjiSoebi _ bolo oTxi `Tana-savarjiSos~ sapirispirod _ winaswargansazRvruli drois monakveTiTaa Semofargluli, daaxloebiT aTidan ocdaaT
wuTamde.
aSkaraa, rom yvela aq mocemuli savarjiSo gverds uvlis uSualod grZnobiT samyarosTan saqmis daWeras da zogavs sivrces, magaliTad, azrovnebiT koncentraciasa da
nebelobiT iniciativas Soris _ axali, Semecnebuli grZnobis aRmocenebisTvis.
saboloo jamSi, yoveli aq mocemuli savarjiSo SeiZleba meditaciiT gaRrmavdes da
usasrulod ganviTardes.
vinc cnobierebis savarjiSoebs hkidebs xels, man isini sxva dros, garda varjiSis periodisa, unda daiviwyos, cxovrebis spontanuroba rom SeinarCunos. SiSneulad mudam wesebs CabRauWebuli, mudam sakuTar `mSvinvierebaze~, mSvinvier Tu sxeulebriv
sijansaReze gadagebuli adamiani janmrTeli ver iqneba. arada, Znelia da sasaciloc kia
imis Tqma, rom yuradReba gvmarTebs, spontanurni rom viyoT; magram, rogorc unda
gvikvirdes, ratomRac asea. raimeze `zrunva-dardi~ xom Cveulebrivi egoisturi cnobierebis saqmea. ase rom, igi swored im miswrafebis sapirispiroa, romelic cnobierebis gasawvrTnelad gangvawyobs.
roca cnobierebis savarjiSoebs vasrulebT, raRacas gamovcdiT, ganvicdiT. gamocdilebis SeZenis gareSe savarjiSoebis Sesruleba niSnavs, rom raRac iseTs vakeTebT,
rac zemoaRwerils ar Seesabameba. am gancdebisTvis Tavi da Tavi mSvinvierisa da
sulieris gamijvna-garCevaa. pirvelad es ioli araa, radgan, rogorc wesi, Cven sulac
ar viciT, ra aris sulieri gamocdileba, misi aranairi magaliTi ar gagvaCnia da amitom
xSirad masze sruliad mcdari warmodgena gvaqvs. amitomaa esoden mniSvnelovani CvenTvis uaxloesi sulieri gamocdilebis _ cocxali azrovnebis gamocdilebis _ SeZena.
Tu is erTxel ukve gamovcadeT, maSin xelT gvaqvs sazomi Tu nimuSi, romlis mixedviTac xsenebuli gansxvavebis daWera SegveZleba. mSvinvieri gancdebi yovelTvis TviTSemgrZnobia _ Cven siames, an tkivils, an kidev raime nacnob ganwyobas vgrZnobT. aseTi
gancdebi, rogorc wesi, Tavs iCens xolme savarjiSoTa msvlelobaSi da es TavisTavad
Secdoma ar aris, rom isini Cndeba. Secdoma maSin mogvdis, roca am grZnobebis kultivirebas vaxdenT, an roca maT yuradRebas mivapyrobT. maSin isini ukve gadaxrad gvevlineba. yuradReba swored ara maTze, aramed varjiSis Temaze unda iyos mimarTuli.
sulieri gamocdilebebi yovelTvis raRac iseTze migviTiTebs, rac Cvengan moSorebiTaa, im SemTxvevaSic ki, roca es gamocdilebani grZnobismieria. vinc musikis mosmenisas musikas Tavis sakuTar arsebas, sakuTar mSvinvier ganwyobas ukavSirebs, is musikis mSvinvierad gancdamde miva. xolo vinc Tavis yuradRebas mSvinvier eqoze ki ar
mimarTavs, aramed imaze, rasac Tavad musika ambobs, vinc mas mTlianad eZleva, is sulier gamocdilebas iZens. sulier grZnobebs sakuTari Tvisebrioba aqvs, rac `CemTvis
kargi~-sa da `CemTvis cudi~-s rigebSi ar ewereba.
es gansakuTrebiT erT sayovelTao savarjiSos exeba, romelic periodulad, yoveldRe an kviraSi erTxel SegviZlia vakeToT. mas SeiZleba `ukuxedva~ vuwodoT,
vinaidan movarjiSe adamiani mis mier mTeli dRis _ an, Sesabamisad, mTeli kviris _
ganmavlobaSi gancdils iyenebs Tvalwin, oRond ukuTanmimdevrobiT: varjiSi iwyeba
imiT, rac bolos ganicada da pirveli gancdiT mTavrdeba. yovelive, rac am periodis
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manZilze Tavs gadaxda, adamianma cocxlad unda warmoidginos da am xdomilobebSi
sakuTar Tavs, sakuTar iersaxes TiTqosda garedan unda Sexedos. ukusvliT warmodgena advili rodia. Tavdapirvelad amaSi dRis xdomilobebidan raRac patar-patara
nawilebis ukumimarTulebiT warmodgena SeiZleba dagvexmaros, xolo Semdeg TandaTan ufro did `istoriebze~ SegviZlia gadavideT. es savarjiSo erTdroulad ramdenime mizans emsaxureba _ imis meSveobiT, rom sakuTar Tavs TiTqos garedan vuyurebT
rogorc ucxos da xdeba TviTSemecneba; amas xels ukumimarTuleba uwyobs, radganac
amgvarad imas, rac Cvevismieria, SegrZnebebiT naklebad vexebiT da obieqturobisTvis
xelsayrel pirobebs vqmniT. meore mxriv, is, rogorc warmodgenis savarjiSo, imas emsaxureba, rom warmodgena misi Cveuli msvlelobidan gamovixmoT. amisTvis moTxrobebis,
ambebis, romanebisa da ase Semdeg, ukusvliT warmodgenac aseve sasargebloa.
axla, albaT, is kiTxvac wamoiWreba, wvrTnis gza rogor unda aigos. vinaidan amocana
individualuria, amitom dawyebiTi etapis Sesaxeb aq mxolod zogadi miniSneba
SeiZleba.
saWiro Studirebis Semdeg(T. 5.2) azrovnebiTi koncentraciiT SegviZlia daviwyoT. garkveuli drois Semdeg amas swori metyvelebis savarjiSo SegviZlia davumatoT; orive _ imdenad da im doneze, ramdenadac es CvenTvis SesaZlebelia. es ori
savarjiSo wvrTnis gzis safuZvels qmnis. Tu azrovnebis koncentracia srulebiT ar
gamogvdis, maSin unda SevecadoT, niadagi aRqmis ubralo savarjiSoTi movamzadoT.
mere ki yovelTviuri monacvleobiT or ZiriTad savarjiSosTan erTad eqvsi `TanasavarjiSodan~ Semdgomi savarjiSo SegviZlia aviRoT. yoveldRiurad CaRrmavebiT, nela wavikiTxoT erTi savarjiSo `rvawevriani bilikidan~ da SevecadoT, yuradReba
mivaqcioT Sesabamis mSvinvier process momdevno dRes, SesaZloa _ winaswar gansazRvrul dros. am savarjiSoebs mere da mere aucileblad _ magram individualurad sxvadasxvagvarad _ warmodgeniTi da aRqmiTi koncentraciac unda daerTos.
meditireba maSin iwyeba, roca koncentrireba ukve sakmaod ganmtkicebulia,
winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, meditaciis mcdeloba gardauvalad meocnebeobamde migviyvans, romelic, rasakvirvelia, meditaciis sapirispiro ram aris da romelsac antisavarjiSoc SeiZleba vuwodoT, Tuki is regularulad xdeba. Temad meditaciisTvis 5.3
TavSi aRwerili Temebi (umjobesia ioanes saxarebis pirveli ToTxmeti leqsi) aviRoT.
vinc meditaciis praqtikaSi mTeli gulisyuriT Seva, sakuTar gzas _ sulismecnieruli literaturis kiTxvaSic da Tavisi sulieri muSaobis, Tavisi sulieri ganviTarebis TvalazrisiTac _ Semdgom Tavad gaagnebs.
meditacia _ es am gzis upirvelesi fazaa. mas egoisturobidan gamovyavarT, romelic, rogorc wesi, mTels Cvens cxovrebas msWvalavs. es piraduli saqme aRaraa, vinaidan uindividualuresi qmedebaa. amitom es Tavi im meditaciiT unda dasruldes, romelic samyaroseul xdomilobaTa Soris meditaciis adgils exeba:
vinc gascems, mas eboZeba.
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6. adamianis Tavisuflebis Sesaxeb
6.1
ratom vsaubrobT axla Tavisuflebaze?
2.2 TavSi aRvniSneT, rom saaTma ar icis, romeli saaTia axla _ Tundac is Zalze
rTulad mowyobili kompiuteruli saaTi iyos. es imitom, rom iseTi nawilebisgan
Sedgeba, romelTac adamianis organizmis Semadgenel nawilebTan, arc substanciis da
arc funqciebis mxriv, saerTod ara aqvT raime msgavseba. SegviZlia kidev ufro
fantastikuri aparaturac warmovidginoT, nervebiTa da tvinis substanciiT nagebi. am
aparaturas Tu ecodineba, romeli saaTia axla? me imedi maqvs, yvela mkiTxveli
gadaWriT ityvis: `ara~ da es, ra Tqma unda, swori pasuxi iqneba, vinaidan mcodne _
adamianuri cnobierebis _ arseboba aparaturaze damokidebuli rodia; aparatura,
rac unda rTuli iyos da rac unda `saTanado~ nawilebisgan awyobili, verasodes gaxdeba vinme _ vin, me. es principi _ me _ TviTgamoxatulebas adamianis jansaRi sxeulis
meoxebiT povebs da swored imis wyalobiT, rom es principi yovelgvari aparaturisgan damoukidebelia. avtonomiuri yuradRebis fenomenSic igive principi vlindeba,
romelic fiziologiidan ar momdinareobs da romelsac fiziologia arc gaaCnia. es
principi Tavisufalia. ramdenad Rrmad, uwyvetad SeuZlia am princips Tavisuflebis
_ cnobierebis Tavisuflebis, yuradRebis Tavisuflebis _ sxeulSi gatareba, es samSvinvelis struqturaze, masSi ZalTa urTierTobazea damokidebuli.
cnobierebis higienis, misTvis saTanado zomebis miRebis winapiroba avtonomiis anu
Tavisuflebis Tundac minimumis arsebobaa. mkiTxvels is mainc unda SeeZlos, rom
teqsti yuradRebiT waikiTxos da gaigos; is mainc unda SeeZlos, rom rekomendebuli
RonisZiebis ganxorcieleba scados. ese igi, mis gankargulebaSi Semmecnebeli da moraluri Tavisuflebis minimumi mainc unda iyos. am Tavisuflebas yoveli _ Tundac sanaxevrod normaluri _ adamiani SeigrZnobs, scnobs mas da am faqtis Sesabamisad cxovrobs kidec. magram azrovnebis Cveulebriv, sayovelTaod gavrcelebul `bunebismecnierul~ wess Tavisuflebis ideasTan harmoniuli Tanaarseboba ar ZaluZs, vinaidan
swored es idea ar gaaCnia _ mes idea. Zala, sidideebi, mizezi, atomi, energia, ZalTa
velebi _ `ocnebaTa~ am wreSi mesTvis, megobrobisTvis, zneobriobisTvis, TavisuflebisTvis adgili ar aris. is qvezRurblovani mrwamsi, rom adamiani sruliad araTavisufalia, anu _ Tavis cnobierebaSic determinirebulia, Semecnebisa da moraluri
qcevis SesaZleblobas spobs. mxolod TavisuflebiTaa, Tuki Secdomas da WeSmaritebas, sikeTesa da borotebas raime mniSvneloba aqvs. isic cxadia, rom adamianis Tavisuflebas fizikalur procesTa aradeterminirebulobasTan Tu maTi winaswarmetyvelebis SeuZleblobasTan saerTo araferi aqvs. SemTxveviTi xdomiloba Tavisufali
araa. magram is, rom me raimeze Cemi yuradRebis koncentracias vaxden, SemTxveviTi
xdomiloba arafriT gaxlavT.
rodesac, erTi mxriv, adamiani Tavisuflebis TavisTavad cxadi SegrZnebidan gamomdinare moqmedebs, meore mxriv ki, azrovnebis mecnierul wess Tavisuflebis gageba ar
ZaluZs, maSin cnobierebaSi winaaRmdegoba ibudebs, romelic gamudmebiT Zalas aclis
adamianis gadawyvetilebebs da sabolood sizarmacisken (ris mimarT midrekilebas igi
isedac iCens) mihyavs igi. Tuki Tavisufali ar var, verc gavakeTeb raimes. am azrSi
adamiani winaaRmdegobas ver amCnevs. samSvinvelis higienur RonisZiebaTa Catarebac im
mrwamsiT, rom adamiani determinirebulia, SeuZlebelia. isic SeuZlebelia, rom Cveni Sromis mimarT da maSasadame, sxva adamianebis mimarTac ganwyoba SevicvaloT. magram
adamiani rom SemecnebaSic determinirebuli, ese igi, araTavisufali yofiliyo, maSin xom verc imas Seicnobda, rom araTavisufalia; xolo Tu mas Tavisuflebis SesaZlebloba aqvs da am SesaZleblobas araTavisuflebis Sesaxeb Tavisi `mecnieruli~
warmodgenebis gamo ar axorcielebs, is avaddeba. magram, Tuki adamiani SemecnebaSi Tavis Tavisuflebas aRmoaCens da ganaxorcielebs, maSin Tavisufleba TandaTanobiT mis
qcevaSic gamobrwyindeba. magram aseT adamians Sinagani Tavisuflebis mosapoveblad
mraval frontze mouwevs brZola. `Semrigebloba~(`mSvidobismoyvareoba~), romelzedac adre visaubreT, yvelafris winaSe xelebis awevas da danebebas rodi niSnavs.
gansakuTrebiT ki is Sinagani Tavisuflebis daTmobas ar niSnavs. cnobierebis savarjiSoTa mizani sakuTar TavTan Semrigebluri damokidebulebis gamomuSaveba ar gaxlavT.
dRevandeli adamiani Tavisi mSvinvieri arsis mraval nawilSia formirebuli, Camoyalibebuli, mza. misi miswrafeba mxolod erTi SeiZleba iyos _ sul ufro metad
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aramza gaxdes. es ki mxolod maSin SeiZleba moxdes, Tuki is Tavisi avtonomiuri gadawyvetilebiTa da qceviT Tavisi ukve formirebuli, Cveviseuli arsebis moSlas Tavad
Seudgeba. rogorc ki igi amis keTebas iwyebs, maSinve daxmareba eweva zecnobieridan.
rac ufro naklebad eRobeba Cvevis adamiani zemodan momaval inspiraciebs, miT ufro
metad gadaiqceva isini misTvis ZalTa da orientaciis axal wyarod. ix. maTes 7,7-Si:
`iTxovdeT da mogeceT Tquen; eZiebdeT da hpooT;
irekdiT, da gangeRos Tquen~.
aq adamianis aqtivoba, misi wamowyebaa xazgasmuli.
6.2
ra aris Tavisufleba?
am kiTxvas yvelaze ukeT maSin vupasuxebT, Tuki Tavisuflebis sawinaaRmdego poluss ganvixilavT. rodisaa raRac fenomeni araTavisufali? rodesac is aucileblobiT sxva fenomenidan, garemoebebidan, bunebis kanonebidan gamomdinareobs. meqanikaSi,
mineralur samyaroSi, mcenareTa sferoSi da cxovelTa samefoSi mkacri kanonebi moqmedebs, romelTac aseTi saxe aqvs _ `rodesac ..., maSin ...~(`Tuki ..., maSin ...~) magaliTad: rodesac tempertura 0ºC-s gadaaWarbebs, yinuli lRobas iwyebs; Tuki lobio
niadagSi moxvda, ramdenime xnis Semdeg gaRivebas iwyebs; rodesac oqtomberi axlovdeba, irmebis myviraloba iwyeba. adamiani Tavis cxovrebaSi xSirad ise iqceva, rom
masSi amgvari kanonebis moqmedeba eWvgareSea da amis dadgenac advilia. magram iseTi
adamianuri qmedebebic arsebobs, sadac yovelTvis da aucileblad ase rodia. ar SeiZleba iTqvas: rodesac poeti gemrielad isauzmebs da kargad gamoiZinebs, maSin is dawers leqss `tbaze~. sruliad SeuZlebelia imis Tqma, dawers Tu ara is saerTod rasme
da kidev ufro naklebad _ imisa, rogori leqsi gamouva mas.imis gamocnobac aseve gagviWirdeba, rodis `gauelvebs~ ama Tu im adamians raime SemecnebiTi, an xumroba, an risame
keTebis idea, an esa Tu is kiTxva. ra Tqma unda, yvelafers Tavisi pirobebi esaWiroeba.
moqanave WaRi, anda vaSlis Camovardna problemuri mxolod fizikosisTvis SeiZleba
iyos. moqanave sagnebi galileimde uamrav adamians, maT Soris _ uamrav fizikiT dainteresebulsac _ unaxavs; sxvadasxva nayofis xidan vardna niutonamde ramdens daunaxavs da miuxedavad amisa, fuZemdebluri aRmoCenebi ar gaukeTebia. arc qanqariseburi
moZraobidan gamomdinareobs is daskvna, rac maTgan am moazrovneebma kacobriobisTvis gamoiyvanes. uTuod pirveli ar iyo is vaSli, romelic Camovarda da romelmac
niutons gravitaciis ideisken ubiZga.
azrTa aseTi msvlelobidan cxadi xdeba, erTi mxriv, rom mxolod vinmes, mxolod
me-arsebas SeuZlia raime wamoiwyos. rogorc aRvniSneT, adamianSi amis unari aramza,
aramoreagire, metyvel arss moepoveba. mxolod me-arsebisgan SeiZleba movelodeT,
rom rasme wamoiwyebs. am gagebiT aseTi wamowyeba aris arafrisgan qmna. am qmnas, raRa
Tqma unda, Tavisi pirobebi sWirdeba, magram igi am pirobebidan rodi gamomdinareobs.
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meore mxriv, SeiZleboda gveTqva: qmedeba, kiTxvis dasma, Semecneba, am wignSi gamoTqmul mosazrebaTa mixedviT, zecnobieridan elvisebur gamonaTebas Tu erTgvar sesxebas waagavs. magram Tuki yovelive es adamianisTvis aracnobieri sferodan momdinareobs, rogorRa SeiZleba imis Tqma, rom misi wamomwyebi adamiania? amaze pasuxi, romelic
Tanamedrove adamians SeuZlia gasces, imis sapirispiroa, rac odesRac sakuTar TavTan
dakavSirebiT luTers uTqvams, zecnobieri religiuri sindisiTa Tu rwmeniT inspirirebuls: `aq vdgavar da sxvagvarad ar ZalmiZs~. Tanamedrove adamiani ki ityoda: `aq
vdgavar, magram sxvagvaradac ZalmiZs~. zecnobieri rodi aiZulebs mas. piriqiT, man,
`gaSinaurebulma~ Tavis warsuliseul cnobierebasTan, Tavisi zecnobieri inspiraciebi unda aRiaros, unda scnos isini da saerTod, unda swvdes, miaRwios maT. da adamianma es umeteswilad unda moimoqmedos Zlier sawinaaRmdego nakadSi qvecnobierisa,
romlis xelSicaa TiTqmis mTeli misi cxovreba. aRniSnuli gansxvaveba Tanamedrove
adamiansa da luTeris drois adamians Soris imiT aixsneba, rom cnobiereba ganviTarda.
Cven dRes im epoqaSi vcxovrobT, roca gamoTavisuflebul zecnobier Zalebze koleqtiuri Tu institucionaluri, sazogadoebrivi mzrunvelobis Jamma ukve maTi individualuri movla-patronobis Jams dauTmo adgili.
dRes adamianis mdgomareobisTvis aseTi formulireba SegveZlo migveca: igi dResdReobiT zecnobiersa da qvecnobiers Sorisaa gamokidebuli. qvecnobieridan mas daJinebiTi, Zlieri impulsebi eZaleba; zecnobieridan mosuli inspiraciebi ki, rac xani
gadis, sul ufro da ufro iSviaTi xdeba, Tuki maTTvis gzis gasakafad Tavad adamiani
raimes ar moimoqmedebs. miuxedavad amisa, mas arCevanis gakeTeba ZaluZs. mas xom SeuZlia Tavis cnobierebas `uyuros~ da yovel SemTxvevaSi, am sferoSi mainc mas veraferi
aiZulebs.
im potenciuri Tavisuflebis mimarT, dRevandel adamians romelic boZebuli aqvs,
Tavad adamianSive Cndeba ganridebis didi tendencia _ ganridebisa imisgan, pasuxismgebloba mTlianad Tavis Tavze aiRos; avtoritetis rwmena, Zieba sulieri winamZRolebisa, Seucdomeli bunebisa, xeldasxmulisa, romelsac yovelTvis da yvelaferSi
SegiZlia endo; anda Zieba msoflmxedvelobebisa, romlebsac, rogorc, mag., materializms, yvelafris erT principze dayvana ZaluZT; rwmena imisa, rom adamiani mxolod
bunebiTi arsebaa (da maSasadame, mas ar SeuZlia, raime wamoiwyos); rwmena Tandayolili egoisturobisa. me-arsebamde misvlis SesaZlebloba Tu gamoricxulia, maSin
xom kiTxvebi mizezTa Sesaxeb rac unda usasrulod davsvaT, isini ukanasknel mizezamde verasodes migviyvans. ukanaskneli mizezi jaWvSi ukusvliT pirvelia _ aristoteleseuli pirveli `mamoZravebeli~ _ da is aris pirveladi, is aris dasabamis Semqmneli neba me-arsebisa. am dasabams iqiT kiTxvebis dasmas azri aRara aqvs: ratom dawera
mocartma hafner-simfonia, ratom dawera Silerma `orleaneli qalwuli~, ratom Seswira X-ma sakuTari sicocxle viRacis gadasarCenad. SeiZleba vinmem Tqvas: `mas undoda ...~ ratom undoda? aq ki kiTxvebis dasma unda Sewydes, maSasadame, ukve pirveli
kiTxvisTanave unda Sewydes, vinaidan ukanaskneli kiTxva pirvelis mxolod verbaluri variaciaa.
rodesac kacobrioba dasabamTa, sawyisTa Sesaxeb svams kiTxvas, unda icodes, rom
arapirovnulis, ara-me-smieris sferoSi arc risame wamowyeba SeiZleba da arc aseTi
wamowyebis warmodgena. kiTxvis damsmelma, Tavis mxriv, sakuTar Tavs aseTi kiTxva unda
dausvas: `ratom vsvam me kiTxvas?~
6.3
Tavisuflebis realoba
faqtia, rom Tavisuflebis SegrZneba arsebobs. Cven iseTnairad vcxovrobT, vmoqmedebT, vmetyvelebT, rom aSkaraa, TavisTavad vgulisxmobT, rom Cvens arCevanSi, Cvens
gadawyvetilebebSi, Cvens msxverplgaRebaSi Tavisufalni varT. xSirad vcdebiT, roca
sakuTar farul, SesaZloa, qvecnobier motivebs ver vWvretT, anda, ramdenadac ganvWvretT, ver vigebT, ratom aRZravs isini Cvens moqmedebas. imitom, rom maTi fesvebi
qvecnobierSia, magram warsuliseuli cnobiereba am SemTxvevaSic gadamwyvet rols
TamaSobs. Tavisufali arCevani safrTxeSia, rodesac Tavad azrovnebis cxovrebaSi
azrismagvari warmodgenebi asociaciurad amotivtivdeba xolme. magram, vidre me Cemi
yuradReba _ moazrovne, warmomdgeni, aRmqmeli yuradReba _ ZalmiZs, vmarTo, manamde
ucxo, ara Tavad Cemgan momdinare motivebi sadaves xelSi ver Caigdebs. ZalmiZs Tu ara
me viazrovno, davakvirde, warmovidgino, rac me msurs? ra zomiT, ramden xans? esaa
Cveni Tavisuflebis xarisxi im wams, roca Cveni koncentraciis unars gamovcdiT.
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cxovrebiseuli praqtika ise miedineba, TiTqos adamiani Tavisufalia _ jarimis gadaxdis wesi imTaviTve gulisxmobs amas da Semamsubuqebel garemoebebs, rogoricaa
nasvam mdgomareobaSi yofna, fsiqikuri daavadebuloba da ase Semdeg, scnobs. [am mxriv
Camoyalibebuli adamianiseuli] gageba ki Tavisuflebis SegrZnebas da cxovrebiseul
praqtikas ewinaaRmdegeba. mSvinvier cxovrebaSi Tavisuflebis SesaZleblobis danaxva
Znelia. siZnele iqidan momdinareobs, rom CvenTvis me-principi ucnobia. mecniereba
da sayovelTaod gavrcelebuli azrovneba ar icnobs am realobis ideas, romelic adamianis arsia, miuxedavad imisa, rom yovelgvar mecnierebas, yovelgvar eWvs(skepsiss),
yovel debulebas swored is xdis SesaZlebels. Tavisuflebis ideis formulireba
mis gareSe SeuZlebelia. am ideamde misvlaSi azrTa Semdgomi msvleloba SeiZleba
dagvexmaros.
Tu Cven Tavisuflebasa da araTavisuflebaze vsaubrobT, Tu Cven am saubars vafasebT rogorc WeSmarits, anda mcdars, Tuki Cven mas saerTod raime mniSvnelobas vaniWebT (Tuki Cven `vaniWebT~ saerTod raimes rasme ), es mxolod Tavisuflebidan momdinareobs. sxvagvarad aseTi saubari bunebis procesi iqneboda, ese igi, winaswargansazRvruli, determinirebuli ram. aseT SemTxvevaSi Cveni araTavisuflebis dadgenas
ver SevZlebdiT (amis dadgenac xom araTavisufali aqti iqneboda); Tavisuflebis SegrZneba iluzia iqneboda. magram maSin is instancia, romelic am iluzias SeamCnevda,
romelic mas iluziad Seicnobda, Tavisufali unda yofiliyo. sxvagvarad raimes
SemCnevas Tu SeniSvnas xom azri ar eqneboda.
`Cven ver SevZlebdiT , dagvedgina~, `sxvagvarad amas azri ar eqneboda~ _ am winadadebebSi SeiZleba aRmovaCinoT raRac iseTi, rac sruliad SeuZlebelia, gvqondes
winaswargansazRvruli(determinirebuli) sistemis SemTxvevaSi, rogoricaa buneba,
anda kompiuteri. aq aris pirobiToba (SesaZleblobiTi forma), romelic adamianis
samSvinveliseuli Jestia. winaswargansazRvrul sistemebs mxolod `A udris B-s~ saxis pirdapiri `gamonaTqvamebis~ Camoyalibeba ZaluZs; `TumcaRa~, `agreTve~, `magram~
da ase Semdeg, adamianis samSvinvelidan modis, iseve rogorc `siwynare~, `mSvidoba~,
`dasawyisi~, `dasasruli~ da ase Semdeg. iseTi kompiuteric ki, romelic SemTxveviTobis faqtoriTaa aRWurvili, winaswar gansazRvrulia, swored iseTnairad, rogoricaa igi. moyvanili cnebebi iseT cnebebs ganekuTvneba, romelTa wvdomac mxolod intuiturad Tu SeiZleba. maTze miTiTeba an maTi `axsna~ SeuZlebelia. maTi wyaro sxvaganaa
saZiebeli da ara bunebaSi. es gansakuTrebiT Zlier igrZnoba, roca bavSvi iseT
sityvebs xmarobs, rogoricaa `miuxedavad amisa~, anda `xumrobis gareSe~. Cven amaze
maSinve yurebs davcqvetT xolme, magram aseT SemTxvevaSi ar vacnobierebT, ratom:
imitom, rom es sityvebi sakuTriv cnobierebis cxovrebidan momdinareobs da Cvenc
gvakvirvebs, rom bavSvma ukve `am dones miaRwia~.
xsenebul cnebaTa saTave adamianis TavisuflebaSia. Cveni gancda, TiTqos aRqmis
obieqts sxvagvarad aRviqvamdeT da ara aseve intuiturad, iluzorulia. sad mTavrdeba sagani, amis wvdoma mxolod im intuicias ZaluZs, romelic cnebas ayalibebs. mTe-
li metyveleba, mTeli Cveni metyveleba da azrovneba mxolod Tavisuflebis zonis wyalobiTaa SesaZlebeli. amitomacaa, rom SeiZleba iyos WeSmaritebac da Secdomac _ TavisTavad cxadia, aRmoCenili WeSmariteba da aRmoCenili
Secdoma _ azrovnebaSi.
nebelobis Tavisufleba TvalsaCinod, magaliTad, koncentraciis savarjiSos Sesrulebisas vlindeba. erTi SexedviT, koncentrirebuloba TiTqosda yuradRebis Seviwroebaa, radganac yuradRebas am dros mxolod raRac garkveul Temaze mivmarTavT
da mas gafantvis saSualebas ar vaZlevT, rac saerTod xSirad xdeba (SegviZlia
sakuTar Tavs es kiTxvac davusvaT: gafantuli yuradReba aris ki saerTod yuradReba?). magram `Seviwroeba~ mxolod sxva obieqtTa ugulebelyofas ki ar niSnavs,
aramed, upirveles yovlisa, is, Cveulebriv, gabneuli Zalis koncentraciaa. am Zalis
wyalobiT, romelic axla erT Temas utrialebs, koncentrireba ara mxolod raRacis
`gamotovebad~, aramed sxva Tvisebriobis, sxva donis xdomilobad gvecxadeba, im
donisa, romelsac cnobiereba, Cveulebriv, ver aRwevs. rogorc vTqviT, es Tavisuflebidan gamomdinare xdeba. am dros gamocdilebaSi is situacia gveZleva, romelic,
rogorc wesi, samSvinvelSi gabatonebuli situaciaa. samSvinvelis Tavisufleba im
gadaxraTa gamoa SezRuduli, qvecnobieri sferodan rom momdinareobs: `vakeTeb imas,
rac ar minda~.
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aq adamianis sakuTari TavisuflebisTvis, mSvinvieri cxovrebis avtonomiisTvis midis brZola. gare movlenebTan Tavisuflebas xom araferi aqvs saerTo. gare movlenebma SeiZleba SezRudos, Seaferxos, aiZulos adamiani raRacaSi Tavisi nebis Sesrulebisas, Tavis intuiturad wvdomil saqmeTa ganxorcielebisas. Zireuli sakiTxi
isaa, aris Tu ara adamiani Tavis TavSi, Tavis cnobierebis cxovrebaSi Tavisufali. Tu
ar aris, maSin garegan movlenaTa problema moixsneba. xolo Tu igi Tavis SemecnebaSi
da zraxvebSi Tavisufalia, maSin [mxolod] Riad ganxorcielebis sakiTxiRa rCeba. roca
garemoebebs Cveni Tavisuflebis SemzRudvel an xelisSemSlel faqtorebs vuwodebT,
vgulisxmobT, rom Cveni cnobierebis cxovreba Tavisufalia. yvela sxva varianti ki
winaaRmdegobaSi Cagvagdebs.
metyveleba, azrovneba, gamarTuli siaruli memkvidreobiTi rodia. yvela bavSvs,
misi warmoSobisgan damoukideblad, advilad SeuZlia dedaenis saxiT nebismieri enis
aTviseba. bgeraTa formirebis unaric ki ar aris memkvidreobiTi, Torem gamoTqma
bavSvs gascemda, Tuki is dedaenad Tavisi mSoblebis enisgan gansxvavebul enas aiTvisebda. memkvidreobiTi mxolod mza, formirebuli ram SeiZleba iyos. adamiani ki,
unaris mxriv, Tavisufalia.
Sinagani Tavisufleba, cnobierebis Tavisufleba TanamedroveobisTvis niSandobliv unarSi _ kiTxvebis, swori kiTxvebis dasmis unarSi vlindeba. Tu kiTxvebi formaluri araa (rogoricaa, magaliTad, `romeli saaTia axla?~), aramed ufro arsebiTs
exeba, maSin isini mxolod Tavisuflebidan SeiZleba warmodgebodes, Tu arada _ araTavisuflebis gamo _ isini arc iarsebebs. determinirebuli sistemisTvis kiTxvas,
mxolod rogorc formalobas, ise Tu aqvs azri. mcenare, cxoveli, avtomati kiTxvas ar
svams. adamians ki, romelsac ZaluZs, dasvas kiTxva, xSirad uWirs swori kiTxvis dasma.
misi udidesi da umniSvnelovanesi kiTxva mudam iyo da aris kiTxva yovelives sazrisis Sesaxeb.
adamians uamravi kiTxva aqvs dasasmeli. Cven vnaxeT, rom is bunebasTan damokidebulebaSi sxvagvar mdgomareobaSia, vidre adamianis xeliT Seqmnil samyarosTan damokidebulebaSi, vinaidan misTvis bunebis sagnebisa da fenomenebis sazrisi, funqciebi
ucnobia. mas ar ZaluZs, isini iseve Zirfesvianad gaiazros, rogorc es kovzis an,
vTqvaT, qudis SemTxvevaSi SeuZlia (es ki niSnavs, misTvis uamravi ramaa gaurkveveli).
da rom ar ZaluZs, mis mier sakuTar adamianobaze uaris Tqmac, misi `vergamodgoma~,
misi `ukandaxeva~ swored aqedan iwyeba. kiTxvebis dasasmelad jansaRi adamianuri gonebaa saWiro, rac, raRa Tqma unda, iSviaTobaa, magram warmoudgeneli mainc araa. kiTxvebs
rom misdio, amisTvis ki ufro meti Tavisuflebaa saWiro _ mxolod neba da muSaoba ki
ara, aramed intuiciebi. TumcaRa, Tuki adamians neba aqvs da am mimarTulebiT muSaobasac gaSlis, saWiro intuiciebsac miagnebs.
me-arsebas iumoris unari aqvs, vinaidan is Tavisufalia da arawinaswargansazRvruli. iumori xom yovelTvis mravalmniSvnelovnebaa. iumori mxolod imas esmis, vinc
mravalmniSnvelovnebas aRiqvams, erTdroulad ama Tu im situaciis an teqstis
ramdenime mniSnvelobas an misi interpretaciis ramdenime SesaZleblobas igebs. amasTan, am mravalmniSnvelovnebis winaswar gaTvaliswineba SeuZlebelia. kompiuteruli
mecnierebis problematikaSi xSirad daismis kiTxva: SesaZlebelia Tu ara (da Tu
SesaZlebelia, rogor) SevamCnioT, adamians vesaubrebiT Tu rTulad mowyobil da
daprogramebul kompiuters. umartivesi ram, riTac SegviZlia es gavarCioT, isaa, rom
saubarSi raime axali xumroba unda gavurioT. Tu teqsti seriozulad miiRes da
xumroba ver SeamCnies, gvecodineba, rom kompiuters vesaubrebiT _ im SemTxvevaSic,
Tuki garegnulad mas adamianis Sesaxedaoba aqvs. bevria iseTi adamianic, romelsac
xumroba ar esmis, rac imas gviCvenebs, rom isini avtomatebad gaxdomis gzas adganan.
amrigad, kiTxvaze _ aris Tu ara adamiani Tavisufali _ verc dadebiT pasuxs gavcemT da verc uaryofiTs, radgan mTeli CveviTi sfero qvecnobierTan erTad da amas
kidev damatebuli mTeli biologiuri arseba xom ganmsazRvrel zegavlenas axdens
cnobierebaze, romelic Tavis avtonomiurobas, Tavis Tavisuflebas azrovnebaSi, yuradRebaSi amJRavnebs. adamianzea damokidebuli, ganaxorcielebs Tavisuflebis im SesaZleblobas, romelic masa aqvs, Tu uars ityvis masze . ramdenad Sors wava adamiani Tavisuflebisken mimaval gzaze, nawilobriv maszea damokidebuli, nawilobriv _ garemoebebze, TumcaRa am garemoebebSi igi nawilobriv mainc
sakuTari arCevanis wyalobiTaa moxvedrili, nawilobriv ki _ garegan viTarebaTa, xSirad koleqtiuri xasiaTis xdomilobaTa gamo (rogoricaa, magaliTad, omi), romlebsac
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misTvis axali bediswera moaqvs. erTi ram ki danamdvilebiT SeiZleba iTqvas: iyos
Tavisufali, axorcielebdes Tavisuflebis SesaZleblobas _ es adamians mxolod im
SemTxvevaSi SeuZlia, Tuki igi Tavis cxovrebas SemoqmedebiTad da aqtiurad uZRveba.
yoveldRiuri cxovreba nivTebis, amocanebis, saWiroebebisa da SemTxvevebis mWidrod Sekruli wrea, romlis miRma gaxedvis sababic Zalze naklebad gveZleva. mxolod
sikvdils, dabadebas, Semecnebas gavyavarT am wridan. danamdvilebiT SegviZlia
vTqvaT, rom cxovreba aravis aiZulebs, am gaRma gamaval karibWes seriozulad miapyros
yuradReba. da swored es Jestia adamianis Tavisufal gadawyvetilebaSi.
6.4
ra ZaluZs Tavisufal adamians?
didi gansxvavebaa, Tavisuflebas mxolod SevigrZnobT, Tu, garda amisa, misi arsebobis dasabuTebac SegviZlia. kidev ufro Sors mivyavarT Semdgom nabijs, Tavisuflebis gancda roca ZalgviZs. es xdeba Cven mier araerTgzis(ix. Tavi 4.4) naxsenebi
amJamindelobaSi me-gancdis wyalobiT; es gancda SegviZlia gavigoT rogorc drosa da
sivrceSi ganvrcobili sulieri sifxizle, sulis sufeva. is, rac, Cveulebriv, mxolod meyseulad gamobrwyindeba xolme, [am gancdis dros] _ `xanieria~.
rodesac adamiani darwmunebulia, rom mas Tavisuflebis SesaZlebloba aqvs, martooden gambedaobas ki ar iCens imisTvis, rom cnobierebis sijansaRisTvis raRac akeTos da ubralod gasagebi ki ar xdeba misTvis, rom cnobierebis sijansaRisTvis mas raRac SeuZlia (da kidevac saWiroa) moimoqmedos, aramed misTvis `faqtebi~ _ gansakuTrebiT, mSvinvieri faqtebi _ diagnozebis saxes iZens da ara bunebis gadaulaxavi kanonebisa. sworia, magaliTad, is diagnozi, rom dRevandeli adamiani Zalze gansazRvrulia egoisturobiT. magram am debulebidan is rodi gamomdinareobs, rom `es asea, maS,
asec unda iyos, yvelaferi ase unda darCes~, aramed: `asea, magram ase ar unda iyos~, vinaidan aSkaraa, rom ase didxans ver gagrZeldeba. savsebiT sworia is, rasac marqsistuli istoriuli materializmi ambobs, yovel SemTxvevaSi, ukanasknel saukuneebis
Sesaxeb mainc, istoriaze mainc: rom istoriaze, politikaze adamianTa jgufebis
sameurneo interesebi da mizandasaxulobani axdens gavlenas da warmarTavs maT. magram
aqedan is rodi gamomdinareobs, rom politikisa da istoriis es forma adamianTa romeliRac jgufis interesebSi samudamod unda iyos SenarCunebuli (an: Cven is unda
SevinarCunoT), aramed is, rom axla moqmedi am principis daZlevas vcdilobdeT.
dRes adamiani, mcireodeni gamonaklisis garda, imis gamo muSaobs, rom iZulebulia
imuSaos da igi egoisturi ganwyobilebiT muSaobs _ ise, TiTqosda TavisTvis muSaobdes. es ki moCvenebiTia. iseT sazogadoebaSi, sadac Sromis ganawilebaa gabatonebuli,
sruliad umniSvneloa is, rasac ama Tu im klasis mSromeli Tavisi Sromis produqtebidan TavisTvis iRebs. faqtobrivad, igi sxva adamianTaTvis Sromobs. misi ganwyobileba (egoisturi) Sromisas am faqts ewinaaRmdegeba; amitomacaa muSaoba misTvis iZuleba. magram adamianis muSaoba xom yovelTvis sulieri muSaobaa, im SemTxvevaSic,
roca mas manqana axorcielebs. am SemTxvevaSi manqana aris sulieri muSaobis produqti
(amiT mxolod da mxolod imas ar vgulisxmobT, rom manqana adamianis mier aris konstruirebuli). vinaidan adamianis muSaoba sulieri muSaobaa (cxovels ar ZaluZs adamianiseburad muSaoba, vinaidan xelebi da saTanado inteleqti ar gaaCnia). amitom is yovelTvis dakavSirebulia ndobasTan _ ndobasTan, rom is kargad sruldeba. im SemTxvevaSic, roca misi kontroli meqanikurad xdeba, Cven konstruqtors da im Sromas
vendobiT, romlis wyalobiTac sakontrolo mowyobiloba damzadda. saboloo jamSi,
mainc adamiani xvdeba adamians _ im SemTxvevaSic, roca meurneoba da saqmiani cxovreba
Zlier meqanizebulia. rodesac me salaroSi viRac kacs raRacas vuxdi, xom SeiZleba,
rom Cem mier micemuli fuli jibeSi Caidos da miTxras, ar amiRiao; anda, xom SeiZleba,
rom me mas xurdis dabruneba movTxovo asmarkianidan, romelic misTvis sulac ar mimicia da ase Semdeg.
cxovreba gacilebiT ufro martivi iqneboda, Tu gvecodineboda, rom Cven sxvebisTvis vmuSaobT da sxvebi _ CvenTvis. maSin muSaobasac bevrad ufro naklebad SevigrZnobdiT rogorc iZulebas da bevrad ufro metad _ rogorc sixaruls: me sxva adamianisTvis vakeTeb raRacas. SegviZlia Tvali gavadevnoT sazogadoebrivi Sromis ganviTarebis process da aRmovaCenT, rom misi wyaro kultia: Sroma imisTvis, rom adamigeorg kiulevindi – normaluridan jansaRisken
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anma RvTaebisTvis msxverplis Sewirva SeZlos*. ramdenadac eTnologiuri aRmoCenebi
gvaZlevs winaistoriuli epoqebis Taobaze daskvnebis gakeTebis saSualebas, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom amgvari Sroma sixaruliT sruldeboda da sruldeba kidec. dRes
CvenTvis yvelaze axlobeli RvTaeba `moyvasSia~, gverdiT myof adamianSi da es
RvTaeba aris metyveli arsi masSi. da SesaZlebelia imis warmodgena, rom egoisturobis principis daZleviT _ rac, faqtobrivad, mxolod ndobis sakiTxia da sxva
araferi _ muSaoba kvlav gaigon da kvlav sixaruliT sruldebodes rogorc msxverplSewirvis samsaxuri aqve, Cven gverdiT myofi RvTaebisTvis. ndobis sakiTxi imitomaa
es gardaqmna, rom yvelas SeuZlia Tqvas: me ki vimuSavebdi sxvebisTvis iseve gamrjed da
muyaiTad, rogorc axla _ sakuTari TavisTvis, magram qveynad xom aTasobiT aramzadaa,
romelic xels ar gaanZrevs da sxvisi SromiT isargeblebs! ki, mjera, rom aseTebic
aRmoCndebian, magram aseTebi xom axlac arseboben _ oRond farulad, SeniRbuli
saxiT. winaswar ver ityvi, ras izamen isini, Tuki, principSi, iZulebulni ki ar iqnebian, akeTon raime, aramed _ SeeZlebaT, an akeTon, an ara. gaiazreT, ra moxdeboda es
rom warmoebis raime dargis romelime ganyofilebaSi gatardes, anda Tqveni es idea
adamianTa patara wreSi rom ganaxorcieloT. ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiT xom azrovnebis stilis Secvla xarjebTan araa dakavSirebuli. da me darwmunebuli var, rom
maSin bevri sxva ram Seicvleba. gaixseneT jini boTlSi. suliskveTebis aseTi Secvla _
ai, es ki marTlac im SemTxvevaSi aRwerili mcdelobis sapirispiro ram iqneba.
is, rac adamians, kacobriobas zeimis SesaZleblobas aZlevs, es aris gamocdileba,
zeadamianuri realobebis, zeadamianuri arsebebis gamocdilebaSi Semosvla. zeims
racionalurad verc `SemoviRebT~ da verc `movawyobT~; sxva Tu araferi, am dros
qvecnobier instinqtebs mainc ver daveyrdnobiT. Tuki gvinda, rom zeimi realuri
iyos, realobis gancda aucilebelia am dros _ sazeimo da ara yoveldRiuri realobis
gancda. Zvel droSi am realobaTa _ iseve, rogorc mTlianad cxovrebis _ warmmarTavi,
gamaSualebeli eklesiebi iyo. eklesiebs wamyvan rolze xSirad dResac aqvs pretenzia, magram maTi aseTi roli sul ufro da ufro mcireoden adamianTaTvis inarCunebs
aqtualobas; es sul ufro da ufro metad individualur pasuxismgeblobaSi gadadis.
es individualuri xasiaTia, zeimis gancdas rom aZnelebs _ zeimi xom yovelTvis raRac
saerTo, sayovelTaoa. amitom Tanamedrove zeimis winapiroba isaa, rom iseTi adamianebi Sekribos, romlebic zeadamianur realobas individualurad ganicdian, an, yovel SemTxvevaSi, SeuZliaT SeigrZnon is, rogorc cnobierebis zRvruli gamocdileba. sxva sityvebiT es imas niSnavs, rom es adamianebi TavianTi zecnobieri unaris mimarTulebiT iwyeben gamocdilebis SeZenas da am unaris _ anu evidentobis [sicxadis] Sesabamisad azrovnebis unaris, gramatikisa da bgeraTwarmoqmnis cnobieri codnis gareSe
metyvelebis unaris _ miRma SeigrZnoben zecnobier, zeadamianur arsebebs, romlebic
am unarSi moqmedeben da masSi poveben gamoxatulebas. saqme xom sityvismier unars
exeba, romelsac, maSasadame, pirovnuli wyaro unda hqondes: iqac ki, sadac sruliad
Cveulebrivi, ubralo sityva JRers, SegviZlia darwmunebuli viyoT, rom is, saboloo jamSi, me-arsebidan momdinareobs. amrigad, es sayovelTao Tvisebebia: piraduli azrovneba, piraduli metyveleba ar arsebobs. es unar-SesaZleblobebi adamianur
arsebebs rodi `gamougoniaT~, an adamianur arsebebs rodi CaunergavT isini adamianisTvis. Tu religiur gamonaTqvams moviSveliebT, maT logosis unar-SesaZleblobebi
SeiZleba vuwodoT. maTi danergvisas, grandiozuli pedagogiuri ** moRvaweobis wyalobiT, kulti zemodan qvemoT iyo mimarTuli _ dasanergis wyaro-saTavidan im adgilisken, sadac es unar-SesaZleblobebi unda danergiliyo. dRes, roca es unar-SesaZleblobebi adamianis gankargulebaSia, adamianebma Tavad unda povon Semdgomi ganviTarebis gza da kidevac unda gauyvnen am gzas.
kacobriobis `siWabukis xanaSi~ pedagogia `Tavs moxveuli~ ram iyo, igi adamians misi mxridan risame aTvisebisken yovelgvari swrafvis gareSec swvdeboda _ adamians
arafris gakeTeba evaleboda (da arc gaukeTebia raime) imisTvis, rom Semcnobi samSvin*
[qarTvel mkiTxvels advilad SeiZleba ecnos es, Tu yuradRebiT daukvirdeba ZvelqarTul sityvebs `daSvra~ da `damaSvrali~ da Seecdeba povos maTi gamoZaxili axal qarTulSi:
`Svreba~, `Sroma~]
**
[aq da qvemoT, msgavs SemTxvevebSi, ar igulisxmeba mecnierebis dargi _ pedagogika, aramed
`pedagogia~]
georg kiulevindi – normaluridan jansaRisken
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veli moepovebina, romelic mas (dRes) SesaZleblobas miscems, sakuTar cnobierebas,
cnobierebis funqciebs daakvirdes. swored am SesaZleblobis mopovebisTanave xsenebuli `winamZRoloba~ Tavis dasasruls miuaxlovda. Semdgomi winsvlis gzaze axla
adamians yovelive mxolod im cnobierebis meSveobiT SeiZleba mieces, romlis mesveuric TviTonvea. Semdgomi winsvlisTvis adamianma intuiciebi unda eZios, mas es intuiciebi sxvagvarad aRar miecema. sakuTari TavisTvis pedagogia axla man Tavad unda
povos, im cnobierebis meoxebiT, romlis mopovebaSic Tavad egzom mciredi wvlili
miuZRvis, Tavisi cnobierebis Suqis wyaroebi unda povos. es pedagogia adamianSi isev
ise, uSualod misi yoveldRiuri cxovrebis mimdinareobisas rodi inergeba, rogorc
es adre xdeboda. niSani, emblema am zecnobierSi myofi, cnobierebis zeda sazRvarTan
moqmedi, aramaiZulebeli, mxolod nimuSis saxiT arsebuli `winamZRolobisa~, aris
saxeli im sulieri arsebisa, romelic mraval xalxSi iyo cnobili sxvadasxva saxeliT
_ evropaSi mas mTavarangeloz miqaels uwodebdnen. gadmocemis Tanaxmad es arseba
yovelTvis zrunavs kacobriobis bedze; man cidan dedamiwaze Camoagdo drakoni,
adamianis mteri. es niSnavs: Camoagdo adamianis cnobierebis zonaSi. SeiZleba vikiTxoT _ es ra daxmarebaa, riT aris adamianisTvis sasikeTo is, rom Tavis cnobierebis
cxovrebaSi mtruli Zalisgan safrTxe emuqrebodes? magram, rogorc Cans, es imasTan
unda iyos dakavSirebuli, rac romantizmis xanaSi xdeboda, roca qvecnobieris Camoyalibebis procesma sayovelTao xasiaTi SeiZina.
miqaelSi adamianis dRevandeli amocanebis suli SeiZleba SevicnoT. is SeiZleba
gavigoT rogorc simbolo adamianiseul sulier unar-SesaZleblobaTa zecnobieri
wyaroebisa, romlebic adamianis mxridan cnobier da nebsiT miaxloebas elis. drois
sulma _ miqaelma _ sityvis mimarT mtruli Zalebisgan gaaTavisufla zecnobieri
samyaro, cnobierebis saTaveebi da isini _ ganwmendilni _ elian adamians, romelsac
yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi qvecnobieridan drakonis Zala emuqreba. es axali pedagogia
zecnobieridan [mzirali] elis adamians, Tavisi Tavidan gamomdinare ar Camodis masTan
da ar axdens masze zemoqmedebas, Tuki aseTi mcdeloba Tavad adamianis mxridan ar
aris. miqaelis Zala isaa, rom is elis. misi Zala im adamianTa ZalaSia, romlebic mas
eZieben da agneben. igi maT iseTnairad uboZebs Tavis Zalas, rom es Zala maTi Zala
xdeba, romlis meoxebiTac mas eZieben da poveben. amitomaa misi Zala adamianis Zala.
Tavisi cnobierebis zRvrul gamocdilebaTa meoxebiT adamians ZaluZs, icodes am Zalis arseboba. am wyaros moZebna, masTan miaxloeba, misi povna adamianis Tavisuflebis
farglebSia. miqaeli adamians ar gamoiwvevs. is usityvo Semecnebis zonaSi sufevs _
rogorc meufe enisa, romelic usityvod zedasdgomia sityvier enebs, rogorc maTi
warmomSobi Zala. es zona man drakonisgan gaaTavisufla, raTa adamianma SeZlos,
usityvo azrovnebis meoxebiT miaRwios Tavis inspiraciebs, romelTa daxmarebiTac mas
SeeZleba Tavisi yoveldRiuri cnobierebis gankurneba, miwier cxovrebaSi qvecnobieri mtruli Zalebis daZleva.
weliwadis oTxi dro oTxi zeimiTaa morTul-mokazmuli da wmindad Seracxili. es
winareqristianul droSic ase iyo. zamTars Soba moaqvs, gazafxuls _ aRdgoma, zafxuls _ ioanes dRe da Semodgomas _ miqaelis dRe. miqaelis zeims tradiciidan gamomdinare Sinaarsi arc ki moepoveba. es Sinaarsi Tavad adamianma unda Camoayalibos. es
SeiZleba ganxorcieldes mxolod Tavisufal, ara garedan organizebul erTobaSi im
individebisa, romelTac TavianTi mcdelobis miznad miqaelis inspiraciebi aurCeviaT
da romelTac win uZRvis es inspiraciebi. drakonis dammarcxeblis magaliTi maT Zalas
aniWebs, daamarcxon drakoni sakuTar TavSi. maSin Sinagani sivrce gadaiqceva axal warmonaqmnad adamianTa erTobisa _ axal, amjerad qvemodan zemoT mimarTul, Tavisufal da
wminda kultad. am pirveli axleburi dResaswaulidan sxva, tradiciuli zeimebis
metamorfozirebuli SinaarsiT gacocxlebisa da gancdis unari gaiRviZebs.
5.5 TavSi zogi ram iTqva bedisweris Taobaze. TavisTavad ismis kiTxva: rogor SeiZleba erT adamianSi bediswera da Tavisufleba erTmaneTs SeuTavsdes? es rom gavigoT, amisTvis bedisweris Sesaxeb swori warmodgena unda SeviqmnaT.
am wignis mTeli Sinaarsidan gamomdinareobs, rom adamiani arasodes SeiZleba mza
iyos. adamianis arsisTvis niSandoblivia, rom igi mudam gzaSia. individualuri SesaZleblobebis ganxorcielebisTvis gzebi, sxvadasxva adamianisTvis, ra Tqma unda, aseve
individualuria. yovel mocemul situacias individualuri zecnobieris, cnobierisa da qvecnobieris urTierTqmedebis, maTi harmoniisa Tu disharmoniis kvali atyvia am
gzebze. WeSmaritad individualuri unar-SesaZleblobebi, romelTa meSveobiTac
dedamiwaze me sxeulSi artikulacias da TviTgamoxatvas axorcielebs, zecnobierigeorg kiulevindi – normaluridan jansaRisken
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dan momdinareobs. mxolod individualurad SeiZleba vimetyveloT, viazrovnoT,
aRviqvaT; TumcaRa ena, azrovneba, aRqma samyaros zeindividualuri fenomenebia, magram isini individualuri adamianis meSveobiT vlindeba, adamians wili udevs maTSi.
Tu ramdenad `iswavlis~ igi zecnobierad metyvelebas da azrovnebas da azrovnebis
zecnobieri gvaroba ramdenad gadaiqceva unarad misTvis, Tavisi zecnobieri imdenad
warmarTavs mas im SesaZleblobebisken, romlebic mas Tavis gzaze dasWirdeba. es
SesaZleblobebi mas iZulebiTi saxiT arasodes eZleva, aramed mas mudam SeuZlia imis
arCeva, rogor gamoiyenos es SesaZleblobebi. aseTi situaciebi nawilobriv warsuliTaa Semzadebuli, adamianis aqamomdeli gziTaa gansazRvruli. magram yvela xdomiloba da SesaZlebloba rodia aseTi. adamians iseTi raimec SeiZleba Tavs gadaxdes,
rac momavalSi gansazRvravs mis beds (gansazRvravs _ Tavisufali, farTo gagebiT, kidev ufro farTod, vidre mcenaris saxeoba an cxovrebis qcevaa gansazRvruli). faqtobrivad, aq ufro stilTan gvaqvs saqme, vidre konkretul xdomilobebTan. ase rom,
bedi _ es aris maRali inspiraciebi, romlebic cxovrebaSi SesaZleblobebis saxiT
vlindeba da romlebsac adamiani iseve udgeba, rogorc sxva inspiraciebs: irCevs,
ukuagdebs, iRebs, saxes ucvlis maT. iseve, rogorc dRevandel adamians esa Tu is ena ki
ar zRudavs azrovnebasa da fantaziaSi, aramed swored rom sakuTari Tavis gamoxatvis
wesis TviTmyofad flobas aswavlis mas (magaliTad, sityvis warmoqmnis flobas), aseve
bedisweris enac SemzRudveli ki araa, aramed yuradRebiT myof adamians imas uCvenebs,
sad SeuZlia, rom Tavisuflad miswvdes rasme an Tavidan aicilos raRac, raTa Tavisi
gziT siaruli ganagrZos. bedi, umTavresad, Cveni seleqciuri yuradRebaa. amitomacaa,
rom, raRac mocemuli situacia erTisTvis bevrs niSnavs, meorisTvis _ naklebs, an
raRac sxvas, erTi adamiani viRacisTvis _ yvelafers, maSin, roca meores ver gaugia, `ra
etaka am kacs~ da rogor SeiZleba aseTi ram xdebodes.
ase rom, Tavisuflebasa da beds Soris winaaRmdegoba (SeuTavsebloba) araa. piriqiT, adamianis bedis Sesaxeb mxolod iq SeiZleba saubari, sadac aris Tavisuflebis
SesaZlebloba. adamianuri saqmeni yovelTvis adamianis Tavisufali, xalisiani
ZalebiTaa nagebi, romlebic misi zecnobieridan momdinareobs da kidev imiT, rac misi
araTavisufali, bunebiTi da qvecnobieri nawilidan momdinareobs. am ori, rogorc
wesi, araTanabari naxevris urTierTqmedeba qmnis adamianis ganumeorebel iersaxes:
SegviZlia siamayiT SevxedoT, ra Sors waiwia adamianma Tavis did individualobebSi _
budaSi, sokrateSi, danteSi; SeiZleba sevdiT SevxedoT, rogor daqveiTda adamiani
Tavisi garTobebiT, vnebebiT, cnobierebis daavadebebiT, magram am iersaxeSi aris
raRac sulisSemZvreli, rodesac axla, gamomSvidobebisas Tvals vavlebT mas _ is xom
gzaSia Tavisi midrekilebebiTurT sikeTisa da borotebisken; TviTdaurwmuneblad
midis Tavis gzaze, waiforxilebs, ukan ixevs, win miiwevs, xSirad kargad verc xedavs,
sad midis da ra xdeba mis Tavs. es kidevac aisaxeba adamianis namoqmedarSi. amitomac
ambobs rilke Tavis `elegiaSi~:
`usasrulo swrafvebidan mosCqefs
sasrulni saqmeni, rogorc susti Sadrevnebi,
romlebic droze da caxcaxiT idrikeba.
magram, Cveulebriv, xmas rom ar gvcems _
Cveni xalisiani Zalebi _ gvecxadeba
am mocekvave cremlebSi~.
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