The Mexican Mining indUsTry: More Than diaMonds

Transcripción

Guest Opinion
The Lifestyle
Federico Kunz
The Mexican
Mining Law
Mexico’s Unique
Mining Towns
Negocios
para
exportadores
The Mexican mining industry:
more than diamonds in the rough
V - 2015
M
exico is experiencing a positive
moment. The structural reforms,
designed to increase economic
growth and improve well-being of millions
of Mexicans, are already being implemented
and their benefits are beginning to reflect in
the daily lives of our population. The opening
up of the energy sector to both domestic and
foreign investment, as well as joint ventures,
has awakened a spirit of trust and innovation
among the main players of the industry.
The modern and dynamic country that
all Mexicans are building is characterized
by strong industries in constant expansion,
like the manufacturing, automotive, aerospace, information technologies, and creative sectors.
Mexico has a rich territory, vast natural
wealth and a well-known vocation for mining. The sector offers a wide range of opportunities for exploration and extraction, always combined with a commitment to protect and preserve the environment through
improved technological development and
innovation.
Undoubtedly, this historic energy reform should be complemented by a strong
mining industry with the necessary capabilities for maximum exploitation. This
edition of Negocios ProMéxico presents
important investment and export opportunities in the Mexican mining sector: a key
industry for economic growth and regional development.
Enrique Peña Nieto
President of the United Mexican States
Table of Contents April 2015
Special Report
Guest Opinion
15
30
38
Mexican Geological
Survey
Mining clusters
boost the industry
Mexican Mining Law
by Federico Kunz
By Servicio Geológico Mexicano
Cover Feature
21st Century
Mining in Mexico
By Coordinación General de Minería, secretaría de economía
photo
archive
11
From
ProMéxico
Mexico’s Partner
22
Agnico Eagle
By Agnico Eagle
24
Torex Gold
08
07
Briefs
Special Report
28
Processes and acquisitions
in the mining sector
By Raquel Rivas
18
36
48
figures
Guest Opinion
37
World Class Mining
by Marcos Gluyas Solórzano
41
Energy reform
by Rodrigo Cansino
Interview with Fred Stanford
26
Goldcorp
43
Fifomi
By Fideicomiso de Fomento Minero
46
Mining: Strategic lever for
growth in Mexico
By Sergio Almazán Esqueda
Intervieu with Michael Harvey
The Lifestyle
The Complete Guide
to the Mexican Way of Life
ProMéxico
Francisco N. González Díaz
CEO
Karla Mawcinitt Bueno
Communication and Image
General Coordinator
Felipe Gómez Antúnez
Director of Publications and Content
[email protected]
Jorge Arturo Morales Becerra Contreras
Editorial coordination
[email protected]
51
archive
Mining Museums
Teresita García
Editorial collaboration
[email protected]
Advertising
[email protected]
Cover Photo
Archive
photo
From mining deposits
to the preservation of
memory
Editorial Council
consejo editorial
Ildefonso Guajardo Villarreal
Francisco de Rosenzweig Mendialdua
Enrique Jacob Rocha
53
Luis Miguel Pando Leyva
Mines and Balls
Francisco Javier Méndez Aguiñaga
The story of football
in Mexico
Rodolfo Balmaceda
Guillermo Wolf
photo
archive
Embajador Alfonso de Maria y Campos Castelló
Jaime Zabludovsky
Gabriela de la Riva
Adolfo Laborde Carranco
Silvia Núñez García
María Cristina Rosas González
Ulises Granados Quiroz
Karla I. Mawcinitt Bueno
photo courtesy of mexico tourism board
Mexico’s unique
mining towns
By Mexico Tourism Board
55
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May 2015.
Download the PDF version and read the interactive edition of
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Negocios ProMéxico at negocios.promexico.gob.mx.
Its sale and commercial distribution are forbidden.
From
proméxico
Para exportadores
Throughout the history of
dition, it is noted for the sustained growth
our country the dynamism
maintained over the past few years, and for
and productivity of the min-
up to 500 prospective sites with potential
ing industry has been a con-
for mining—principally of gold, silver, cop-
stant presence. Mexican mining is ground-
Australia en la
industria minera
mexicana
Exploración de oportunidades
Por Rodolfo Esaú Garza De Vega
66
breveS
infografía
60
Por Jaime Eduardo Juárez Arias
65
Camimex
en la cultura
Por Camimex
Por Raquel Rivas
68
across much of the country’s territory. The
ing producers worldwide. Indeed, we are
extraction of mineral resources has led not
the global leader in silver production and
only to the creation of a significant amount
among the top ten in zinc, gold, and cop-
of employment, but also to the develop-
per. In addition, Mexico is considered the
ment of infrastructure, technology and lo-
fourth most attractive destination for in-
gistics, which in turn has benefited other
vestment in prospecting worldwide, and the
productive sectors.
first in Latin America.
The mining sector in Mexico princi-
Also of note is the current maturity of
pally comprises state-owned companies,
the sector, visible in the fact that increasing
although the competitive advantages of the
numbers of companies are prospecting for
country attract growing numbers of foreign
and extracting these resources with a long-
mining firms every year. In fact, in 2014
term perspective of sustainability and social
Mexico received over 2.2 billion dollars of
responsibility, operating in accordance with
foreign direct investment in this sector.
the highest standards of respect and care for
which is a clear reflection of the productive
policies of the present government. In ad-
archivo
Innovaciones que
revolucionan al
sector minero
In this sector, Mexico is among the lead-
flow of investments and legal certainty,
70
foto
foto
archivo
foto
63
ed in the mineral wealth that is distributed
The Mexican mining sector offers free
Por Óscar Hernández
foto
archivo
125 años de relaciones
diplomáticas
Compromiso
sostenible
archivo
Rusia y México
69
Panorama
económico
de China
y su relación bilateral
con México
per, and zinc.
ecosystems, as well as establishing robust ties
with the communities where they operate.
In short, the mining industry in Mexico
continues to shine with a light all its own.
Welcome to Negocios ProMéxico!
71
CEO
ProMéxico
BRIEFS
BRIEFS
photo archive
OIL
MANUFACTURING
Mining cluster approaches Weatherford
and Shell
Essilor will invest 40 million
dollars in Baja California
Clúster Minero-Petrolero de Coahuila A. C. (the mining & oil cluster
of Coahuila) has been meeting with Weatherford and Shell in the hope
that these companies will participate in civil engineering activities,
high-pressure machining, tanks, assembly and environmental impact
studies, among other tasks required by the manufacturing area of these
international firms.
About eleven companies working in the mining & oil cluster have already
been interviewed by Shell Mexico, although only four are already in the
process of certification, while the other seven are in the drafting stages.
The French manufacturer of prescription lenses announced the construction of a manufacturing plant
in Tijuana, Baja California, where it will invest forty
million dollars and create five hundred jobs.
From these installations located on the border
between the two countries, the company intends to
serve the west coast market of the USA. The Mexico
Essilor plant will be one of the largest worldwide.
BEVERAGES
www.essilor.com.mx
www.weatherford.com
www.shell.com.mx
MINING
photo archive
Timmins Gold invests 200 million dollars in
Coahuila
Timmins Gold Mining Corp will invest 200 million dollars in the next four
years for the expansion of mining projects in the states of Sonora, Guerrero and
Veracruz. The Canadian company recently acquired the Caballo Blanco (White
Horse) project on Mexico’s east coast, and Ana Paula in the country’s southeast.
The aim is to exploit the mining group’s synergies to generate a higher production of gold. With these two new projects, Timmins will increase its production,
from 115,000 ounces of gold annually to 320,000 ounces by 2019.
Constellation Brands will invest
in Coahuila
This American beer company will invest over 2.2 billion dollars in its installations in the northern state of Coahuila. With this investment the company will
expand its brewery, as well as increase the capacity of its subsidiary, Industria
Vidriera. These investments will create 3,500 jobs.
Constellation Brands is the third largest brewer in the USA. Currently the
company’s Mexican affiliate operates in the state of Coahuila and produces
one billion liters of beer per year. By 2016 the company expects to duplicate
that volume, by producing two billion liters, rising to 2.5 billion liters in 2017.
Mining Company will invest
in eight projects
photo archive
Minera Fresnillo, the main producer of silver worldwide, will invest 2 billion dollars in the expansion
of its operations in Mexico. The investment will
be channeled through eight projects in states like
Chihuahua, Durango and Zacatecas.
This year, Minera Fresnillo allocated 7 million
dollars to mine maintenance and new projects, and
172.2 million dollars to exploration. Later this year
the company will start operations at the San Julián
mine, located on the border between Chihuahua and
Durango. The company has a portfolio of twenty
exploration projects in Mexico, Peru and Chile.
www.fresnilloplc.com
8
www.cbrands.com
AUTOMOTIVE
Neapco Mexico’s new plant in
Coahuila
Neapco Group Mexico, a manufacturer of accessories and components for the automotive industry with its headquarters in
Michigan, USA, announced that it will invest 1.27 billion pesos
in a plant that will be located in the Mencorsa Industrial Park
of Saltillo, Coahuila.
The company will manufacture components for power transmissions required by the automotive industry. With these facilities,
the firm expects to create 445 direct jobs in the next five years.
Coahuila is one of the leading states for the automotive industry.
It currently has four production plants and ranks third nationwide
in the production of light vehicles.
photo archive
MINING
photo archive
photo archive
www.timminsgold.com
www.neapco.com
May 2015
May 2015
9
BRIEFS
photos
Cover Feature | Negocios ProMéxico
archive
ENERGY
Mexico could receive up to 4
billion dollars in renewable
energy
photo archive
According to Fatih Birol, chief economist at the International Energy Agency, Mexico could receive up to
four billion dollars in renewable energy. This investment could begin this year and continue until 2030,
and would translate into installing 2,000 megawatts
of capacity annually.
According to experts, Mexico’s electricity sector will
require about ten billion dollars of investment, of which
close to four billion will be for renewable energy and
other low carbon sources of energy. Mexico’s effort to
reduce emissions of greenhouse gases is also related to
the increased use of natural gas in the electricity sector,
which implies lower emissions than burning coal or oil.
www.iea.org
21st Century Mining
in Mexico
The Mexican mining sector is dynamic and competitive, generating wealth and welfare. It faces significant
challenges as it evolves towards socially and environmentally responsible methods that can allow it to become a
stronger core activity for the prosperity of the country and its inhabitants.
HEALTH
Medtronic, a company focused on
exports
photo archive
This American producer of medical devices is building on
Mexico’s potential in terms of health, as this country is the
second largest market in Latin America. The company has
six plants in Mexico, located in Chihuahua, Sonora and
Baja California, which take advantage of the proximity
to the USA, the main destination of its exports. Each year
Medtronic sells around 28 billion dollars, of which Latin
America represents 10%.
The company became the world’s largest medical device
manufacturers in fifteen therapeutic lines, such as diabetes
and surgery, following the acquisition of Covidien—a firm
that manufactures surgery equipment—in January 2015.
With this operation, the company is now the largest producer
of medical devices in the world, with 53,000 patents, and
88,000 employees in the 160 countries where it operates.
www.medtronic.com.mx / www.covidien.com
10
May 2015
by coordinación general de minería, secretaría de economía
Today, the Mexican industry devoted to the
extraction of mineral resources continues
to occupy a central place in the national
economy. We know it has been a productive activity with a leading role throughout
our history and now has become one of the
most dynamic, productive and competitive
industries in our country. Mining activities
contribute 1% of GDP and an overall participation of 4%, combined with mineral
processing. Furthermore, it employs over
351,000 workers and is the fourth generator of foreign currency.
This industry has gone through several
stages of evolution, which have enabled it
to develop and grow by adapting to the
needs that our development has required
at several junctures. Currently, we are en-
May 2015
tering a new phase, which poses particular
challenges. This stage—still in the process
of consolidation—includes the following
features: new fiscal conditions in the sector; the formation of mining clusters; the
regional reconfiguration of the country,
strengthening the south and west in relation to mining activities; consolidating
perspectives for social responsibility and
sustainable development; strengthening
the multinational sector of Mexican companies; the closer relationship with the
hydrocarbon industries brought about by
the energy reform; and, of course, the strategic rethinking of mining policy, including a realignment of priorities in terms of
exploration of the national territory, funding for the industry, investment promotion
Participation in
the 2014 GDP
(Extractive mining and mineral processing)
Primary Sector, 3.1
Oil, 5.8
Electricity and
Water, 2.2
Construction,
Expanded Mining, 4.0
7.3
Manufacturing,
14.2
Services, 60.8
Source: INEGI and US Geological Survey. Preliminary data.
11
Negocios ProMéxico | Cover Feature
Cover Feature | Negocios ProMéxico
No.
State
Total Current
Concessions
Surface Concessions
(Millions of Hectares)
Surface Concessions/
Total State Surface (%)
1
Sonora
4,429
4.25
23.70
2
Durango
3,471
2.85
23.11
3
Chihuahua
3,355
2.17
8.77
4
Zacatecas
2,291
2.16
28.69
5
Coahuila
1,943
1.88
12.40
6
Jalisco
1,444
1.68
21.38
7
Sinaloa
1,394
1.43
24.93
Other States
6,988
8.41
—
25,315
24.83
12.6
Total
Source: DGRM, SE.
and modernization of procedures and paperwork related to the activity. (For more
details on this, see the 2013-2018 Mining
Development Program.)
This whole process is coming together
in the reconfiguration of a more modern
and mature mining sector. For this process
to be consolidated, the industry must face
and solve challenges brought about by
new circumstances. The agenda includes,
among other issues, innovation, efficiency,
scientific and technological development;
an initiative on transparency; the deepening of environmental commitments, and
productive articulation for generating
higher value added products.
In order to meet these challenges, it is
essential to consider that, broadly speaking,
the mining sectors composed of companies,
the public sector, associations and social
organizations, the workforce and communities in mining settlements. Therefore, this
new phase also includes a renewed strategic vision of public policy and governance,
such as a more horizontal government that
shares responsibility with traditional and
emerging actors of civil society. Only from
this perspective will it be possible to provide a comprehensive agenda for building
Mexican mining in the 21st century.
The challenge of competitiveness
Mexico, as an emerging economy, provides a competitive general framework. It
is currently the 15th largest economy in the
world and the second in Latin America; it
provides high stability in its macroeconomic indicators, including a record level of international reserves close to 200 billion dollars, in addition to a strategic geographical
position as a global platform for exports.
12
This context enhances the competitive advantages of the Mexican mining
industry, allowing it to position itself as
one of the most attractive destinations for
investment. According to the 2014 Behre
Dolbear Report, Mexico ranked as the
fifth country with the best conditions for
investment in the mining industry and, according to SNL Metals and Mining, the
country was the first recipient of exploration investment in Latin America and the
fourth worldwide.
One of the advantages of Mexico as a
mining country is its vast geological potential. It is upon this foundation that our
country has been able to consolidate as
one of the leading producers of minerals
on a global scale. It is the largest producer
Fraser Report 2014: Variable Comparison (Place)
Uncertainty regarding existing regulations
Chile
Mexico
Uruguay
Peru
Colombia
Brazil
Ecuador
Bolivia
14
18
28
31
55
75
110
114
Geological Databases
Mexico
34
Peru 40
Chile 46
Uruguay 68
Brazil 69
Colombia 79
Ecuador 90
Bolivia 112
Regulatory Duplication and Inconsistencies
Uruguay 7
Chile 8
Mexico 26
Colombia 45
Peru 58
Brazil 94
Bolivia 99
Ecuador 108
Environmental Regulations
Fraser Report 2014: Variable Comparison (Place)
Taxation
Chile Colombia Peru Uruguay Mexico Brazil Ecuador Bolivia 29
49
55
58
103
105
117
122
Security
Uruguay 2
Chile 50
Brazil 78
Peru 87
Ecuador 94
Bolivia 97
Mexico 104
Colombia 108
Quality of Infrastructure
Land Disputes
Uruguay 27
Chile 47
Mexico 61
Brazil 88
Colombia 92
Peru 93
Ecuador 111
Bolivia 117
Uruguay 33
Mexico 39
Chile 51
Peru 60
Colombia 73
Brazil 76
Ecuador 93
Bolivia 109
Source: Fraser Institute, 2015.
to consider that the best placed country in
the global arena was Finland, with a rating
of 83.8. From these results it can be concluded that our country offers competitive
advantages in some of the variables that
are evaluated, but undoubtedly has a big
challenge ahead to improve other key aspects to ensure a better environment for
the investor, and for the performance of
the sector’s productive activity.
In addition to its potential and its geological information, Mexico is well positioned in the assessment of environmental
regulations, regulatory duplication and
inconsistencies, uncertainty about existing
regulations and infrastructure quality. By
contrast, the topics showing a significantly
lower evaluation are security, the fiscal system, the legal system and protected areas.
These are some of the challenges that the
Mexican mining sector faces for development in the 21st century in order to consolidate its dynamism, its ability to attract
investment, create jobs, generate foreign
currency and economic benefit, while becoming a strong, modern and competitive
industry, committed to sustainable development and growth.
which has had and will continue to have a
fundamental impact on the mining sector.
For many years—including those of the
longest and most beneficial boost in metal
prices in the first decade of this century—the
mining industry worked without special obligations for taking advantage of the nation’s
resources, in sharp contrast with the reality
of most mining countries.
Approved rights seek to boost the evolution of the sector towards a higher stage
of development, committed to and respon-
sible for the prosperity of the nation. In
this regard, it is noteworthy that mining
operations in Mexico, despite the conditions of the world minerals markets, remain profitable thanks to the competitive
advantages of the country that, in addition
to the above, include competitive operating costs. The new tax regime will allow a
better distribution of the benefits of using
the subsoil between communities where
mining activities take place.
Article 271 of the Federal Law of Rights
guarantees the use of resources for mining
rights when the goal is social, environmental and urban development of the mining
municipalities, including schools, preservation of natural areas, water treatment and
public transportation, among others, which
will be decided through regional (state)
committees, with the participation of society, business and government.
Thus, the new tax system will not only
lead to a better distribution of wealth, but
also social participation in the decisions
that determine how that wealth is used.
Therefore, it also provides an opportunity
to create channels of communication and
joint work with businesses, communities and local authorities, which can and
should be used to create better conditions
for cooperation and growth.
Additionally, it is important to consider that the document “General Criteria for Economic Policy for the Initiative
of the Law on Income and the Budget of
Competitive Costs
Cash Cost vs. Price 2014
(Gold)
1,300
Average Price of Gold (1,266 dl/oz)
1,100
Mexican Mines
900
700
500
300
Mexico
23
Peru 42
Chile 54
Uruguay 65
Colombia 71
Brazil 99
Bolivia 102
Ecuador 117
Governance and competitiveness:
challenges FOR mining in Mexico
The structural reforms that have been taking
place in our country since 2013 are a boost
for transformational change, whose main
objective is the transition to a more productive economy in order to drive growth and
development. One of them is fiscal reform,
Source: Fraser Institute, 2015.
May 2015
May 2015
100
Alumbrera
Ciénega
Lagunas Norte
Marlin
Peñasquito
Geita
Pueblo Viejo
Herradura
La India
Cortez
Pinos Altos
Kibali
Veladero
Red Lake
Serra Grande
Yanacocha
Goldstrike
Creston
Cowal
Moab Khotsong
Goldex Mine
Lapa
Cerro Vanguardia
Los Filos
Kalgoorlie
Hemlo
Kittila
Siguiri
Great Noligwa
Porgera
Noche Buena
Morila
Iduapriem
Obuasi
Kopanang
Surface Concessions by State 2015
of silver in the world, the second producer
of bismuth and fluorite, and the third in
celestite and wollastonite.
This stock of resources is enhanced
by the work of the Mexican Geological
Survey, in terms of exploration, cartography and systematization of geological
information of the territory, making the
availability of this data another advantage of our country. It is worth noting that
100% of the national territory is covered
by 1:250,000 scale maps, and 37.9% at
1:50,000. Also, a total of 25,315 mining
concessions covering an area of 24.8 million hectares (12.6% of the national territory) are registered. Seven states concentrate 72.4% of these concessions and 66%
of the concession area. In the latter, the
states of Sonora and Coahuila stand out,
with a participation of 17% and 11%,
respectively, followed by the states of Durango and Chihuahua, with 9% each.
The Canada-based Fraser Institute recognizes this information internationally.
Every year it publishes a global survey on
the perception of investors regarding the
territories and advantages for investing
in mining activities. In the 2014 report,
Mexico ranked as number 33 out of 122
jurisdictions, with a score of 67.6 out of a
maximum of 100 possible points.
In the context of our closest competitors in terms of attracting investment,
Mexico ranked as the third country with
the best conditions for investment, behind
Chile, which had a score of 77.2, and Peru,
with 69.6. As a reference, it is important
Source: Company Annual Reports 2014.
13
Negocios ProMéxico | Cover Feature
photos
14
Special Report | Negocios ProMéxico
Mexican Geological Survey
Mining with reliable data
Since its inception in 1944, the Mexican Geological Survey (SGM) provides essential information to facilitate
exploration, identification and quantification of the country’s mineral resources.
by servicio geológico mexicano
SGM is a public agency of the federal
government with legal personality and its
own patrimony. It is governed by the Mining Law and is attached to the Ministry of
Economy, through the General Coordination of Mines.
Its functions include: development of
geological, mining and geochemical mapping; studies and analysis of mineral resources; environmental geology; hydrogeology; energy and mineral geoscience; and
geological, mining, geochemical, geophysical and environmental cartography.
Mapping and mineral resources
Geological charts are the most important
tool the SGM has to interpret and understand the behavior of the Earth.
With advanced technology, geological mapping generates information and
thereby analyzes regional data gathered in
the field, which, once geo-referenced, are
presented in the form of specialized charts,
both in print and digital formats accessible
to the public.
Technical assistance is provided in
support of national mining development,
which requires skilled personnel to interact with the field of small and medium
mining.
Also, the SGM offers consulting services and professional support for the development of exploration and exploitation of
mineral resources. Specialized staff advise,
direct and oversee—sometimes through
firms or qualified consultants—requests
[email protected]
Capital Funded Through TSX-TSXV 2014
Mexico
(Billions of Dollars)
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
200
Mexico’s Participation in
Latin America
1.1
1.0
Other Countries,
39%
Mexico, 61%
0.1
2012
2013
2014
Mining Companies Listed on TSX-TSXV Per Country
(Latin America)
166
Source: TSX.
5
5
4
2
2
Paraguay
19 12 10
Uruguay
0
French Guyana
52 45 40 38
Surinam
50
Bolivia
76
100
Venezuela
150
Ecuador
Expenditures of the Federation for the
Fiscal Year 2015” does not include modifications to the fiscal framework, in fulfillment of the commitment established in the
Tax Certainty Agreement of February 27,
2014, in the sense of not proposing new
taxes or increasing existing ones, or eliminating tax benefits for any taxpayer.
To address another major challenge,
that of security, a joint effort is also being conducted between the authorities and
businesses in order to provide timely solutions for the problems the industry is facing. The Ministry of Economy, through the
General Coordination of Mines, has created working groups comprising mining
companies and the Federal Police, which
through the Gendarmerie is strengthening the presence of security forces in each
state to protect the productive sectors of
the economy. Also, a safety task force was
formed between the authorities of the Federal Police and the mining companies. At
the head of this effort is the Gendarmerie
Division, in coordination with the Investigation Division and the Territorial Deployment Commission. The aim is to use the
available federal police force in four areas:
on-site presence, intelligence, information
sharing and communication channels.
On the issue of the legal system, the
2013-2018 Mining Development Program
seeks to modernize institutional regulations
for the sector and improve the paperwork
processes related to mining concessions.
In this regard, there have been efforts to
launch a simplification of procedures, and
improve their attention based on strengthening and improving the digital infrastructure of the Information and Mining Administration System (SIAM). These activities include work focused on the comprehensive
petitiveness, while ensuring certainty and
investment security.
Despite global market conditions for
minerals, mining investment in the country
has maintained its vitality. In 2014 almost
5 billion dollars were invested, and Camimex estimates that this year investment
will reach 5.4 billion dollars. That is, between 2013 and 2015, the mining industry
will have invested about 17 billion dollars
in our country. Additionally, the sector is
characterized as a big exporter and, consequently, has a positive trade balance. Trade
of mining-metallurgical products achieved
a surplus of over 8.4 billion dollars in 2014.
Mexican mining has recovered its position in the world’s most important investment capital market, the Toronto Stock
Exchange. After a momentary dip, as a result of a certain level of uncertainty among
investors, Mexico was repositioned as the
principal destination in Latin America of
capital flows into the mining sector, funded
through that market. In 2014 total investment for mining projects in Mexico reached
1.1 billion dollars, surpassing the figure for
2013 and even 2012. The total number of
projects financed in 2014 were 166, compared with 76 in Peru, 52 in Chile, and 45
in Argentina, to mention the main ones.
It is true that the sector has several pending tasks in order to overcome its challenges,
but by working together, through dialogue
and mutual respect, they will gradually and
progressively be resolved. N
Guyana
Source: INEGI.
Brazil
Copper, 19.5
Colombia
Silver, 20.1
Fluorite, 1.0
Salt, 1.2
Molybdenum, 1.7
Lead, 2.7
Coal, 2.8
Coke, 4.8
Iron, 5.1
Zinc, 6.5
Argentina
Others, 34.6
Chile
Gold, 29.4
Peru
(January-March 2015-Percentage Share)
review and updating of digitized processes
and mapping, strengthening information
consultation processes on SIAM’s website
(including Digital Mining Cartography), filtering migration processes and diagnostics,
and validating the quality of the information available to users.
Similarly, protected areas are also part
of a general policy for boosting sustainable, environmentally-friendly development. This implies a harmonious development that meets the needs of economic
growth, social development, respect and
care for nature, and involves establishing
clear rules that provide certainty to productive activities, in general, and to the
companies investing in the mining sector,
in particular. The General Coordination
of Mines of the Ministry of Economy, in
a combined effort with the Ministry of
the Environment and Natural Resources
(Semarnat) and the Mining Chamber of
Mexico (Camimex), is pushing for a necessary balance to achieve the comprehensive
development this nation requires.
These are just some of the areas in
which the Mexican government is working to support the mining industry in our
territory. The mining sector is a key element of the national economy and a pillar of economic and social development.
Therefore, the Mexican government is
committed to supporting its expansion
and growth within a framework of social and environmental responsibility, to
promote and develop the best conditions
to strengthen their productivity and com-
Mexico
Main Products of MiningMetallurgical Production
courtesy of mexican geological survey
May 2015
May 2015
15
Negocios ProMéxico | Special Report
ration and exploitation; and other specific
questions regarding the impact of liquids
in infrastructure works, for example, are
all subjects for the SGM.
Hence, it is crucial to know the characteristics of exploitation and hydrogeological
conditions of the aquifers. It is a constant
challenge for this agency to update knowledge of groundwater in the different national geo-hydrological basins, and anticipate its
evolution in the short and medium terms.
The types of studies conducted by the
SGM are:
Gold Spots in Mexico
1.Hydrogeological surveys: determination of the presence of groundwater,
including depth and direction of flow.
2. Hydrogeological assessment: quantification of available water in the aquifer.
3. Hydrogeological modeling: predicting
the performance of the aquifer system.
4.Hydro-geochemical
characterization
(quality): effects of current and potential
sources of groundwater contamination.
The experience accumulated
over seven decades is reflected in
the development of the Digital
Information System.
and needs expressed by small and medium
mining companies, as well as social sector
miners.
With a national commitment to the
preservation of the environment, the institution conducts studies of assessment and
mitigation of geological risk phenomena
to protect the environment of the population.
The SGM fosters a culture of information, education and awareness of geological hazards, by disseminating and promoting interest in geoscience to encourage
more young people to study the different
branches of geology. And among geoscience professionals, it encourages research
and development of new technologies.
The institution contributes with territorial planning of new urban areas
and natural risk management in urban
developments, while avoiding irregular
settlements.
The SGM performs collaboration
agreements and contracts for studies of
Ecological Zoning (OTS) and Environmental Impact Statements, as well as an
Atlas of Natural Hazards and Risks.
The agency implemented the Gas Associated to Carbon (GAC) project, which
aims to assess the gas potential of the
country. To do this, it considers the geological features that delineate areas in the
various sedimentary basins with potential
for containing commercial gas deposits
and, subsequently, tender areas represent-
ing an interest for prospecting and/or exploring this energy source.
The experience accumulated over
seven decades is reflected in the development of the Digital Information System. This valuable tool provides data in
a quick, timely and reliable manner to
support planning activities and the development of mapping projects, more
detailed geological and scientific studies,
and any other project related to the earth
sciences.
Information and cartography products
generated by the SGM can be obtained
from the Earth Sciences Documentation
Center, located in Mexico City, as well as
from any of its seven regional offices. N
www.sgm.gob.mx
Hydrogeology and digital geoscience
Hydrogeological studies include the evaluation of the climatic conditions of a region,
the rainfall regime, water chemistry and
physical characteristics of rock masses,
such as permeability, porosity, fracturing,
chemical composition and geological and
geotectonic features.
Geological materials that condition
the presence, distribution and flow of
water in the subsoil; the relationship of
groundwater with the geological environment; the laws governing water circulation; the physico-chemical characteristics
of groundwater and its evolution, explo-
16
May 2015
May 2015
17
Negocios ProMéxico | Figures
Figures | Negocios ProMéxico
Mexican Mining Sector
Main MARKETS FOR
Mexican mining
exports
Mexico has a wide variety of geological terrains able to develop
mining projects related to the geological evolution.
52%
12%
3%
5%
7%
3%
2%
3%
1%
1%
Mexico’s Mining Potential
The Mexican territory shows well defined mineralized belts and metallogenic
provinces of gold, silver, copper, zinc, lead, molybdenum, iron,
and others.
70% of the country contains
has been explored
The Mexican territory occupies 1,964,000 km2, of which 70% has geological
suitability for development of mining projects because of a favorable
geological structure and evolution.
,M
u
o, A
C
P
Million Dollars
2008
12,450
2009
Mining metallurgical
employment
Investment in
mining sector
Workers
Year
Million Dollars
10,241
2008
273,034
2008
3,656
2010
15,606
2009
269,501
2009
2,858
Gold, Silver, Copper (Au, Ag, Cu)
2011
22,635
2010
283,800
2010
3,316
Massive Sulfides:
Gold, Silver, Zinc, Copper, Lead (Au, Ag, Zn, Cu, Pb)
2012
22,720
2011
309,722
2011
5,612
Strontium (Sr)
2013
18,480
2012
328,555
2012
8,043
2014
17,053
2013
332,501
2013
6,576
2014
340,817
2014e
4,948
2015-Apr
351,386
2015e
5,458
Cu
F
Fe
Year
Year
Fluor (F)
Cu, Mo, Au
Employment and Investment
Mexican mining
metallurgical exports
mining geological features, only
27% of the national territory
Manganese (Mn)
Zn
b,
,
Cu o,
M u
A
Iron (Fe)
Sr
,P
Ag
Copper, Molybdenum, Gold (Cu, Mo, Au)
Oil &
Gas
,C
u
Zinc, Lead, Silver, Copper (Zn, Pb, Ag, Cu)
F
Phospates (P)
Coal (C)
Au, Ag, Cu
Mn
Au
,A
g, Z
n, C
Source: Ministry of Economy.
Estimated data. Source:IMSS and CAMIMEX.
Sonora
35.3%
u, P
b
Main mining producer states
Chihuahua
11.3%
Au, Ag, Cu
(% of production value)
Fe
Coahuila
4.7%
Mexican mine
production
by mineral
1st
2nd
COPPER
19.5%
at
es
Co el 2
.8
al
3.6
2.8 %
%
Le
%
ad
M
2.7
ol
%
D. ibd
en
S
Li ton um
m es
1
Sa e 1. 1.6 .7%
5
Fl lt 1 % %
uo .2
Ca rit %
e
l
So cite 1.1
d
%
Si ium 1.0%
lic S
Su a 0 ul
lfu .5 fat
r % e0
0.
.5%
Ot
5%
he
rs
4%
%
eg
gr
av
3.9
ea
Gr
nd
on
St
5%
%
Sa
6.
5.1
nc
n
Zi
Iro
Clúster Minero de Sonora
Clúster Minero de Chihuahua
Clúster Minero-Petrolero de Coahuila
Zacatecas
18.8%
GOLD
29.4%
18
Mining Clusters
Durango
7.9%
SILVER
20.1%
e/ Estimated data. Source:IMSS and CAMIMEX.
SLP
4.8%
Silver
Bismuth, Fluorite
3rd
4th
Clúster Minero de Zacatecas
Celestite, Wollastonite
Cadmium
Edo. de Méx.
2.8%
Molybdenum, Lead
World 5
Zinc
6th
rank of
th
Salt, Diatomite
7
Mexican
Barite, Graphite, Gold, Gypsum
8th
mine
production
Copper
10th
th
May 2015
Guerrero
3.5%
May 2015
19
Figures | Negocios ProMéxico
EXPLORATION OPPORTUNITIES IN MEXICO
PRINCIPAL GOLD PRODUCTION MINES IN MEXICO
Historically, Mexico is an important producer of minerals and raw materials. One of the
government’s policies in regard to mining is to provide reliable information for improving mineral
resources exploration, and generating new development sites.
The Mexican Geological Survey adds value to the generated information. Servicio Geológico
Mexicano (the Mexican Geological Service) offers the following services for mining exploration.
La Herradura
Noche Buena
El Chanate
San Francisco
Cerro Prieto El Picacho
Santa Elena
Dolores
Mulatos
La India
Ocampo
Concheño
Soledad/Dipolos
Cerro Colorado
Las Mercedes
Cusihuiriachi (Cusi)
El Sauzal
Santa Bárbara
La Colorada
Guanaceví
Pilar
• Geological reconnaissance
• Mineral deposits evaluation
• Municipality resources inventory
• Resources certification
• Mining districts evaluation
• Experimental centers (labs)
• Environmental impact statements
El Ombligo
El Castillo
Velardeña
Peñasquito
Mercedes
Palmarejo
Tayahua
Álamo Dorado
Cieneguita
Noche Buena
Saucito
El Rosario
Cerro San Pedro
Guanajuato
El Gallo
Ciénega & San Ramón
Nuestra Señora
El Herrero
San Dimas
El Cubo & Las Torres
Tayoltita
San Martín
Avino-Zaragoza
La Trinidad
Del Toro
(Chalchihuites)
La Colorada
CARTOGRAPHY
GEOGRAPHICALLY
REFERENCED INFORMATION
1:50,000 scale geological-mining
maps are essential for identifying
exploration targets which, eventually,
may become investment options.
This activity provides highly valuable
information for investors in the
mining sector, by improving project
evaluation and reducing exploration
costs, the most important
pre-operating expenses of a mine.
SGM makes all geological information
available through an easy, comprehensive
and systematic query system based on
geological maps, lab services, geophysics
& geochemistry reports, land tenancy and
grants, and many other issues useful for
investing decisions: Geoinfomex.
Pachuca-Real del Monte
La Guitarra
Tizapa
Capire-Aurora (Mamatla)
San Martín de Bolaños
San Roberto
Bolañitos
San Acacio
El Porvenir
El Águila
Campo Morado
Los Filos-Bermejal
services provided by geoinfomex
Nukay
San José (Taviche)
San José
• Geology and Geochemistry
• Geophysics
• Mining property
100%
• Mines
• Land ownership “Ejidos”
1:250,000 scale,
1995-2005. 1,960,716 sq. km.
37.9%
1:50,000 scale,
716,274 sq. km.
20
• Satellite images
• Infrastructure
52.2%
• Natural protected areas
Of areas with high
geological-mining potential that
sum 1,372,500 sq. km.
Geoinfomex, a tool able to retrieve information that conclusively backs up business
decisions. Only one click away! 80 DIFFERENT LAYERS
www.sgm.gob.mx
May 2015
May 2015
21
Negocios ProMéxico | Mexico’s Partner
photos
Mexico’s Partner | Negocios ProMéxico
courtesy of agnico eagle
Agnico Eagle
Growth and continuous improvement
After almost sixty years operating in the world and five years in Mexico, the slogan Agnico Eagle goes by is to be a better
company, and it pursues growth, not only for its operations but for its employees as well.
by agnico eagle
Pinos Altos is located in the
mountainous region of northern
Mexico, 220 kilometers west of
Chihuahua. Mexico is known
for its rich geology and favorable
mining regulations. The Pinos
Altos mine has proven and probable reserves (as of December
31, 2014) containing 1.8 million
ounces of gold and 46.7 million
ounces of silver (18 million tons
grading 3.0 g/t gold and 79.6 g/t
silver).
In addition, the Creston
Mascota deposit at the Pinos
Altos mine has proven and
probable reserves (as of December 31, 2014) containing 0.2
million ounces of gold and 2.5
million ounces of silver (six mil-
22
lion tones grading 1.2 g/t gold
and 13.5 g/t silver). Pinos Altos poured its first gold in July
2009 and achieved commercial
production in November of
that year, while underground
mining began in the late spring
of 2010. The nearby Creston
Mascota satellite operation was
built in 2010 as a stand-alone
pit and heap leach operation. It
poured its first gold in December 2010, and achieved commercial production on March
1, 2011.
Pinos Altos is expected to
produce 175,000 ounces of gold
as well as by-product silver in
2015, and to average 175,000
ounces of gold per year from
2016 to 2017, with a mine life
through 2025.
The La India mine hosts
proven and probable reserves of
0.7 million ounces of gold contained within 24.9 million tons
of ore grading 0.9 g/t gold.
In addition, Creston Mascota is expected to pour fifty
thousand ounces of gold in 2015
and to average 42,500 ounces of
gold per year from 2016 and
2017, with an expected mine life
to 2018.
La India has now achieved
its design capacity with annual
production rates in 2015 to
2017 expected to be between
90,000 and 95,000 ounces of
gold per year.
The concept of grown and
continuous improvement is
deeply rooted in Agnico Eagle
Mexico’s operations. Year after
year the company has increased
production. In 2014 it reached
about 290,000 ounces of gold.
The goal is to reach between
315,000 and 320,000 ounces
of gold by the end of 2015.
In 2013, production reached
218,980 ounces of gold and in
2011, its first full year of operations in Mexico, 85,344 ounces
of gold were extracted.
A sustainable company
Agnico Eagle has created more
than 1,600 direct and almost
6,000 indirect jobs. Notably,
May 2015
over 80% of employees are from
the towns that host our mining
operations. In 2014, after the acquisition of Cayden Resources,
the properties that this company
explored in this country are now
part of the assets of Agnico Eagle, such as Barqueño, a project
that is in the exploration stage.
The International Cyanide
Management Institute recently
announced that the Pinos Altos
mine was certified in substantial compliance with the International Cyanide Management
Code (or Cyanide Code).
In March, the company received the Great Place to Work
hallmark for the third consecutive year. It is proud of this distinction because it is awarded
based on surveys conducted by
a third party that anonymously
interviews its collaborators. In
May of this year the company
also received distinction as a
Socially Responsible Company
for the seventh consecutive year.
Agnico Eagle has received
other important certifications,
including the Clean Industry
distinction awarded by the Federal Attorney’s Office for Environmental Protection (Profepa);
May 2015
compliance with the Gender
Equality model; the Family
Friendly Company distinction
by the Ministry of Labor and
Social Security (STPS); the “Distintivo H” emblem, and “Punto
Limpio” (clean point) in the mining camps, among others.
Outlook and strong performance
Pinos Altos is driven by throughput and higher grades. In the first
quarter of 2015, payable gold
production totaled 50,106 ounces from the Pinos Altos mill and
heap leach pad at a total cash
cost per ounce of 357 USD on a
by-product basis. Silver production totaled 562,000 ounces in
the quarter.
In the same quarter, Pinos
Altos processed 584,000 tons of
ore. The Pinos Altos mill averaged 5,661 tons/day, while approximately 74,300 tons of ore
were stacked on the Pinos Altos
leach pad. The mine site costs in
the quarter were 46 USD per ton.
The 106 million Pinos Altos
shaft sinking project remains on
schedule for completion in 2016.
Shaft sinking is ongoing (currently at a depth of approximately
532 meters), and development
activities have commenced on
level 27. When the shaft is completed, it will allow better matching of the mill capacity with the
future mining capacity at Pinos
Altos, once the open pit mining
operation begins to wind down,
as planned over the next several
years.
Creston
Mascota
has
shown additional ore mined
outside of the block model. In
the first quarter of 2015, payable gold production totaled
12,448 ounces from the Creston Mascota heap leach pad at
a total cash cost per ounce of
444 on a by-product basis. Silver production totaled 32,000
ounces in the quarter.
La India - New Record for
Quarterly Gold Production Approximately 1,378,500 tons
of ore were stacked on the La
India leach pad during the first
quarter of 2015, compared to
approximately 1,018,900 tons
stacked in the first quarter of
2014. Payable gold production at
La India in the first quarter of
2015 was a record 26,523 ounc-
es due to higher than expected
grades and tonnage stacked. The
total cash costs per ounce on a
by-product basis were 418 USD.
In the same period, approximately 527,000 tons of ore
were stacked on the Creston
Mascota leach pad. The mine
site costs were 11 per ton. Additional ore was encountered
outside the block model, which
resulted in more tons at lower
grade being stacked.
Agnico Eagle continues to
evaluate a number of regional
satellite opportunities. A six
thousand meters in-fill and conversion drill program is underway on the Sinter deposit. The
results are scheduled to be incorporated into a scoping study
along with metallurgical testing
and geotechnical data in order
to better understand the development potential of this zone.
Geotechnical fieldwork is
underway on the Phase 4 leach
pad at Creston Mascota. Evaluation of the Bravo satellite zone
will continue with a five thousand meters infill and conversion-drilling program expected
to commence around mid-2015.
There are several other
promising zones on the property including the Reyna de
Plata and Sinter zones, which
are part of the Reyna de Plata
Fault. On the west side of this
large property is Creston Mascota, and the Cubiro deposit is
two kilometers west of Creston
Mascota, which remains open
to the northwest and at depth.
At Pinos Altos and Mascota,
approximately 14,000 meters of
infill and conversion drilling are
planned in 2015 for the Sinter,
Bravo and Cubiro satellite deposits. This drilling, along with
additional metallurgical testing
and geotechnical studies, will be
used to further evaluate the potential to develop these zones as
satellite deposits to the existing
operations. N
www.agnicoeagle.com
23
photos
courtesy of torex gold
Torex Gold
Mining with full responsibility
Torex Gold projects in the state of Guerrero are located in the strip known as the Guerrero Gold Belt. The first mine
will involve an investment of 800 million dollars.
interview with fred stanford, ceo, torex gold, by rodrigo cansino
Torex Gold Resources Inc. is a
Canadian mining company that
operates in the state of Guerrero. The construction of its
Limón-Guajes mine has been
fully financed between equity
and project debt.
The company—focused exclusively on mining precious
metals—has a clear mission and
will not depart from it: it will
conclude the construction of
the Limón-Guajes mine and
then, on the same site, it will
have the opportunity to build
a second mine: Media Luna.
“This will keep us busy for a
few years”—says Fred Stanford—. “Then we will be in a
better position to diversify.”
24
Typically, the average time
between the discovery of a new
deposit and the production
phase is 18 years. The site that
Torex Gold is working on today will start producing in its
sixth year, at the end of 2015,
which is pretty quick in terms
of mining.
Torex Gold has been working for the past five years in the
zone southeast of the municipality of Cocula, over an area
of 29,000 hectares. Their first
mine will produce between
300,000 and 450,000 ounces
of gold per year during its
10-year mine life. It is worth
knowing that Peñasquito in
Zacatecas is the largest gold
mine in Mexico, with a production of 450,000 ounces in
2014.
The second project, Media
Luna, is expected to be an underground mine with current
mineral resources of 5.8 million ounces of gold equivalent.
Both mines total approximately 12 million ounces in mineral
resources.
“The Guerrero Gold Belt is
an excellent place to explore,”
says Stanford. The investment
will amount to 800 million
dollars. “If Media Luna turns
out as expected, we could be
mining in Mexico for the next
30 or 40 years.” The first mine
will begin to produce gold be-
fore the end of 2015; by then—
according to the company’s
estimates—it will be one of
the largest mines of its kind in
Mexico.
For the construction phase,
the Canadian company has
contracted a workforce of
3,000 people. “Building the
mine occupies many workers.
Once the construction phase
is over, the mine will operate
with 500 to 600 people, and
we have already begun the hiring process.”
Commitment to the
community
Torex Gold is careful and responsible both to the environ-
May 2015
ment and its human capital.
El Limón-Guajes is fully permitted and the corresponding
operations certifications will
be obtained once production
begins. For example, the construction phase has met the
highest international standards
including the Equatorian Principles. While the mine has not
yet extracted any metal, in the
five years it has been in Guerrero, Torex Gold has done a
good job with a focus on environmental preservation. It has
installed dry stack filtered tailings (stacking crushed rocks
that remain after the minerals
have been extracted from the
ore.) Under this system, water
is extracted from the tailings,
all the water is then recycled
in the process, thus preventing
risk of failure from flooding,
spillage or dispersion.
The company is also relocating a village with significant
improvements to their standards of living. “We improved
the quality of the water they
drink, which is now treated,
built three-bedroom houses,
May 2015
schools and two churches and
a new road to improve the
access to the nearby villages
while keeping traffic away
from the river and any possible
contamination.” “In terms of
new technologies being used in
this project, we are also using
for the first time in Mexico a
RopeCon, which constitutes a
conveyor belt that generates almost one megawatt of electricity and its installation is less intrusive to the environment because the conveyor is basically
suspended from two towers for
its operation. This technology
is used mainly in Europe and
has been recently introduced in
the Americas, says Stanford.
For the resettlement of the
town, Torex Gold invested 30
million dollars. But the company
has not only safeguarded the environment. Operations are also
safe. From an economic point of
view, there is long-term sustainability for employees.
construction operations in any
way. They have done everything
possible to help and keep the
community safe. The government has been involved and has
ensured that these challenges
will not damage future prospects. The situation is difficult,
but we have a lot of support, so
that helps,” says Stanford.
Challenges in Guerrero
Guerrero has been in the news
in recent months. “The state
has its challenges. The government has been extremely helpful and has ensured that these
challenges do not affect our
Hand in hand with ProMéxico
Torex Gold worked closely
with ProMéxico before settling
in this country. “ProMéxico
has been very important,”
concludes Stanford. “We have
worked with the institution
since the company was established here, almost six years
ago. It has helped us every
step of the way. First, with the
team’s base in Toronto, and
then, as we move forward, the
team in Mexico City has participated as well. We are very
grateful for the attention and
help we have received from the
ProMéxico team.” N
www.torexgold.com
25
photos
courtesy of goldcorp
Goldcorp
A shining future
In recent years Mexico has accounted for approximately
30% of the company´s global gold production.
interview with michael harvey, regional director of corporate
affairs and security, goldcorp latin america, by proméxico
Peñasquito, in Zacatecas, is
the most important operation
in the world for this Canadian
mining company, according to
its Regional Director of Corporate Affairs and Security in
Latin America. Gold, silver,
lead, copper and zinc are extracted from this mine that directly employs 7,000 workers.
Goldcorp has a portfolio of
12 active mines in the Americas. In Mexico it operates three
and is exploring another one.
Mexico is one of the leading
countries for Goldcorp, representing approximately 30% of
its global production in recent
years.
Goldcorp is targeting the
use of the energy reform proposed by President Enrique
Peña Nieto, and approved by
Congress. Energy is a key input
for mining, and the reform will
lower costs. “We evaluated the
possibilities of producing renewable energy, since the reform will improve the regulatory framework,” says Michael
Harvey.
Energy reform opens windows of opportunity for mining companies to venture into
other areas, such as hydrocarbons and power generation.
“Goldcorp —Harvey assures—
will continue to focus on gold
production, which until now
has been extremely profitable,
and positions us as the leading
producer of gold in terms of
market capitalization.”
26
Producing with quality
and efficiency
Goldcorp aims to produce with
quality and efficiency, and thus
keep costs under control. It
wants to become the best company, but not necessarily the
largest. To achieve these goals,
high quality projects and programs have been undertaken,
in addition to its strategy of engaging and not deviating from
their core business, in which
they have been very successful.
Their efforts have yielded
good results. In 2014 Goldcorp
grew by 11%, which resulted
in between 3 and 3.13 million
ounces of gold globally. The
company faced several challenges in 2014, including lower
prices for precious metals,
which impacted production
costs. “The industry allowed
costs to rise at the same rate
as prices, so margins never increased, generating a complex
situation for the industry when
prices fell,” says Harvey.
However, Goldcorp did not
remain passive in the face of
the situation. The company undertook efficiency programs to
focus on higher quality production. And productivity must be
accompanied by due care for the
staff and the environment.
the NASDAQ Sustainability
Index; it is a signatory to the
Global Compact of the United
Nations, the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative,
and the International Cyanide
Management Code, and complies with all parameters set by
the Gold Conflict-Free Certificate of the World Gold Council.
On the NASDAQ award,
Chuck Jeannes —President and
CEO of Goldcorp— reported
to the global press that: “We
are proud once again to be
recognized as a global leader
in our business’s sustainability
practices. This list highlights
Goldcorp’s commitment to re-
Recognition
Goldcorp obtained, for the
eighth consecutive year, recognition as a socially responsible
company, and in 2015 joined
May 2015
May 2015
sponsible mining and to creating sustainable value for all our
shareholders. We appreciate being formally recognized by external organizations that give us
feedback on our programs and
thus fulfill the targets set in our
worldwide operations.”
Furthermore, Goldcorp in
Mexico holds environmental
certifications issued by the authorities, such as the Federal
Bureau of Environmental Protection. The company also received two endorsements for
its operation’s clean industry
certification.
Technology and the use of
innovative practices as old as
the mining sector itself implies
a contradiction. One of the initiatives at Peñasquito was to increase the intensity of the blast
to improve mineral fragmentation. “We’ve estimated a favorable impact of 20 million dollars. At Los Filos (another mine
located in the southern state
of Guerrero) we increased the
flow of the shredder thanks to
improved maintenance, and we
increased its capacity for even
greater savings,” says Harvey.
Responsibility to the environment
Goldcorp is committed to generating sustainable prosperity in
the locations it operates, which
adopt safe mining practices.
The company and its employees
are aware of their responsibility
with the environment and its
surroundings. Therefore, they
share the socioeconomic benefits with the shareholders, employers and partners, as well as
local communities.
Currently, Goldcorp participates in the Extractive Industries
Transparency Initiative, and
complies with the International
Cyanide Management Code.
The company was recognized by various bodies to
take leadership in publicizing
the carbon footprint, energy
usage, water consumption,
hazardous and non-hazardous waste, the level of employee safety, diversity of the
workforce, managerial composition and investment in
communities.
Goldcorp respects and protects the environment and vulnerable species, as well as areas
of high biodiversity, and places
that have special social and cultural significance.
The company is aware that
this vision of its operations will
continue to grow and benefit
all stakeholders, maintaining a
positive balance between mining activities, the community
and the environment.
Today, the most important
goal is safety. With a growing, stable and low-cost production, the company seeks
to build on the six pillars that
sustain it: the welfare of people, security, alliances, margins,
reserves and production. N
www.goldcorp.com
27
photos
Processes and acquisitions
In the mining sector
With falling prices of metals in the market and volatility in the exchange rate, mining companies have sharpened
their wits to avoid stagnation.
by raquel rivas
Despite the difficulties that the
sector is facing, the outlook for
Mexico is favorable. A 2013 report
prepared by Metals Economic
Group ranks the country as the first
destination for investment in mining
exploration in Latin America, and
the fourth in the world.
28
In order to maintain production, mining
companies have chosen to merge. An example of this trend is the American Coeur
Mining company, which will receive approval from the Federal Economic Competition Commission of Mexico to finalize
the merger with the mining hectares that
Paramount Gold & Silver owns in Chihuahua. The transaction is valued at 146 million dollars, and reflects a strategy to offset
falling production in the Palmarejo mine,
located on an adjoining plot of land. With
this operation, the company guarantees its
operation in the region for eight more
years, in order to produce up to 8 million
ounces of silver.
Mario Cantú, General Coordinator of
the Mining Department at the Ministry of
Economy, says that the country’s mining
sector is going through a difficult period
because of low prices, but has great potential in polymetallic mining and a favorable
archive
environment for investing. “Mexico has
doubled its production capacity of copper
and gold, but what is more important is
that the cost of operation in different minerals remains competitive,” he said during
the Latin American Down Under mining
conference held this year in Australia.
With an eye toward Mexico
About 10% of the transactions that have
taken place in the country in the past
two and a half years belong to the mining sector. The figures show that Canada
is, without doubt, the most active country
in this regard. Approximately 65% of mining transactions during this period have
involved a Canadian company, according
to Pablo Rión y Asociados, a merger and
acquisitions consulting firm.
After Canada, which has made 43
deals worth an estimated 359.6 billion
dollars, comes the USA, with 13 opera-
May 2015
tions in Mexico for a total of 115.7 billion
dollars. The next three countries on the list
are Australia, China and the UK.
Despite the difficulties that the sector
is facing, the outlook for Mexico is favorable. A 2013 report prepared by Metals
Economic Group ranks the country as the
first destination for investment in mining exploration in Latin America, and the
fourth in the world.
For the time being, Australian mining
companies have a greater presence in other
countries in the region. “Mexico has six
Australian companies, while other countries have around 30,” says Cantú. But
he stresses that Peña Nieto’s government
is interested in attracting more Australian
companies in mining services, equipment
and technology (METs).
The jewels of the crown
Of the 84 deals made in the past two and
half years, four stand out with a total value
of 808.8 billion dollars. First comes Comercializadora de Metales Fresnillo, which
bought a 44% stake in the El Bermejal
mine, Desarrollos Mineros Fresne, and
Proveedora de Equipo y Minera Penmont,
for a total of 477 million dollars.
Next comes the acquisition of Kupari
Holdings in late 2014, by the Canadian
company Cobre Del Mayo, for a total of
220 million dollars. With this operation,
May 2015
the Canadian firm was able to increase its
strategic value, simplify and optimize the
allocation of minerals between processes,
facilitating improvements in those involving both heap leaching and flotation, while
diversifying its operational risk through
another process and product.
For its part, the American mine Argonaut Gold acquired the San Agustín,
Durango, project of Silver Standard Resources, for a sum of 71.8 billion dollars.
The project includes 1.6 million ounces of
gold and 48 million ounces of silver from
121 tons. In addition, the inferred resource totals 1.06 million ounces of gold
and 37 million ounces of silver from 91.2
million tons.
Fourth is the acquisition of the Cerro
del Gallo project by the Canadian company Primero Mining, for approximately 40
billion dollars. In May 2013 the company
first acquired a stake equivalent to 69.2%
of the Cerro del Gallo project, from Cerro
Resources NL, while the remaining 30.8%
belonged to Goldcorp Inc, until December
2013. The land (25,269 hectares) covers a
total of 12 adjacent mining concessions,
all owned by San Antón de las Minas in
the state of Guanajuato. These concessions
cover this entire mining district, including
mines that were previously used for highgrade mineralization in veins for producing gold and silver. N
After Canada, which has made 43
deals worth an estimated 359.6
billion dollars, comes the USA,
with 13 operations in Mexico for a
total of 115.7 billion dollars. The
next three countries on the list are
Australia, China and the UK.
29
photo archive
A strengthened industry
Mining in Mexico is, along with agriculture, the industry that is most involved
with communities and municipalities. The
activity is present in 24 of the country’s 32
states. Formal mining builds and operates
mines and plants of high quality, with a
sustainable approach. These clusters have
achieved the goal of bringing together suppliers and consumers.
The National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Informatics (INEGI) states
that Sonora has the highest annual value of
mining production per state with 4.2 million dollars, followed by Zacatecas with 3
million, and Chihuahua with 1.8 million.
It also indicates that Sonora is the leading
producer of gold, copper and molybdenum,
while Zacatecas shows a great advantage
when it comes to silver, lead and zinc.
The annual value of mining production totaled 14.2 billion dollars by the
end of 2014, and created over two million
direct and indirect jobs, according to the
Mining Chamber of Mexico. This agency
also reported that during 2013 there were
1,548 active mines and nineteen metallurgical plants, while 1,165 projects were
under exploration.
Mining clusters boost the industry
The Coahuila Mining and Petroleum Cluster
Energy reform opened investment opportunities for both Mexican and for-
Mexico has recently established mining clusters in the states of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Sonora and Zacatecas.
eign enterprises. Companies associated
with Clúster Minero-Petrolero de Coahuila, A. C. are preparing to participate
in the value chain of the industry in more
competitive conditions, in order to reach
new markets and access resources for the
development of products and services
through the various funds available for
national suppliers and contractors in the
energy industry.
“The results of reform can already
be perceived,” says Rogelio Montemayor,
President of Clúster Minero-Petrolero de
Coahuila. Pemex has intensified its investment plans in this state from Rounds Zero
and One, and there are investment plans
that will result in thousands of new jobs
between 2015 and 2018.
“As a result of the modernization of
the transmission network and distribution of electricity, together with the substitution of fuel oil by natural gas in some
power plants, it has been possible to reduce electricity rates for industry and for
households,” he says.
“In the coming years, with a more
competitive energy industry, we will be
able to purchase gasoline at lower prices,
while electricity rates will also drop as the
production of natural gas and oil increase.
This will generate a reduction in the cost
of supplies for the industry, which in turn
will be reflected in better prices of final
goods,” explains Montemayor.
by raquel rivas with information from interviews with rogelio montemayor, president, clúster minero-petrolero de coahuila, a. c.,
30
while the one in Sonora was officially inaugurated on July 10, 2014.
Moreover, eight state mining councils
operate (in Baja California, Colima, Estado de México, Guerrero, Nayarit, San
Luis Potosí, Sinaloa and Sonora), who
regularly hold sessions based on their
statutes. Six other similar councils (in
Michoacán, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Oaxaca,
Querétaro and Campeche) are under development.
Under the Mining Development Program, the creation of mining clusters is a
priority task in Mexico, as these multi-sector organizations join efforts that bolster
the development of the country’s mining
industry, serving the requirements of productivity, competitiveness and inclusive
development.
May 2015
photos
Mining in Mexico is, along with
agriculture, the industry that is
most involved with communities
and municipalities.
The activity is present in 24 of the
country’s 32 states.
Mining has become one of the industries
that generate most foreign currency for
Mexico, after the automotive, electronic
and oil sectors. Thanks to the Mining
Development Program 2013-2018 introduced by President Enrique Peña Nieto,
today states with a major mining presence
are developing collaborative strategies
with the public and private sectors, directly linking the mining industry in each
entity and designing instruments for exploiting the opportunities offered by these
synergies.
The Mining Cluster of Zacatecas was
officially inaugurated on October 23,
2012. Five months later, the one in Chihuahua was formalized in March 2013.
One year later, the Oil-Mining Cluster of
Coahuila was created, on March 13, 2014,
courtesy of clúster minero-petrolero de coahula
and jaime andrés cruz russek, president of the chihuahua mining cluster
May 2015
31
Clúster Minero-Petrolero de Coahuila
can be considered as a two-way bridge: on
one side it serves foreign operators interested and involved in Mexico with the certainty that an efficient network and quality
information is in place; and on the other
side Mexican companies and workers can
participate in the industry’s global supply
chain.
The cluster works according to a
methodology which categorizes chain participants as contractors or licensees, operators, service companies and industry suppliers. Of all participating organizations,
40% are already suppliers to the industry
and 90% are able to offer a product or
service. “Besides, agreements have been
signed with service companies like Shell
and Weatherford, and we’re looking to
establish relationships with British Petroleum and Petróleos Mexicanos (Pemex),”
adds Montemayor.
Formed by a triple propeller, the cluster includes more than forty companies,
eleven higher education institutions, three
research centers, seventeen municipal governments and the Government of the State
of Coahuila. On the other hand, in order
to strengthen the structure, the cluster has
signed agreements with business organizations like the Mexican Employer’s Confed-
eration (Coparmex), the National Chamber
of the Transformation Industry (Canacintra), and other institutions like the Mexican
Institute of Industrial Property (IMPI) and
the Federal Commission of Regulatory Improvement (Cofemer).
Immediate challenges
In the cluster, several challenges have been
identified to overcome so that the hydrocarbon industry can develop effectively.
These challenges relate to gaps in specialized supplies for the sector, skilled human
resources, infrastructure, protocols for
monitoring and repairing environmental
damage, communication strategies with
communities, knowledge of legal procedures by property owners, and the generation of innovation and technology.
One of the main objectives of enacting energy reform is the increase in oil
and gas production that will allow Mexico to supply its domestic market and improve prices of domestic supplies. Thus,
through the new opportunities for exploration and extraction of hydrocarbons in
areas that will be tendered in Round One
and subsequent rounds, production of
hydrocarbons will increase thanks to the
use of new technologies, because at this
time Mexico does not have the necessary
courtesy of clúster minero-petrolero de coahula
“As a result of the modernization
of the transmission network and
distribution of electricity, together
with the substitution of fuel oil by
natural gas in some power plants,
it has been possible to reduce
electricity rates for industry and for
households.”
Before the energy reform, the
cluster was primarily focused
on the requirements of Pemex
and the Federal Electricity
Commission (CFE).
infrastructure to increase either production or oil exports. Transport infrastructure (roads, railways, airports and logistical services), as well as telecommunications networks must also be created and
modernized.
The supply chain of the sector is experiencing a period of evolution. Before the
energy reform, it was primarily focused
on the requirements of Pemex and the
Federal Electricity Commission (CFE).
Now, the companies participating in the
chain and those interested in joining need
to adapt to worldwide demands and conditions. As they evolve, domestic enterprises will not only provide products and
services to operators and contractors in
Mexico, but they will be able to meet all
the requirements for participating in the
global industry.
Clúster Minero-Petrolero de Coahuila, through its Committee of Suppliers, is developing projects for companies
to better integrate into the industry chain,
or to strengthen their presence there, either through agreements with operators,
searching for business opportunities, or
generating information on the sector,
among other options.
photos
The vital human resource
Rogelio Montemayor states that the cluster
created a Human Resources Committee to
coordinate activities related to training human resources in the field of hydrocarbons
for the State of Coahuila. “In this committee a state program, aligned with the national program, was developed, in which
strategies and implementing actions were
set; including those that promote training of professionals and technicians in the
new industry, as well as those that support
32
May 2015
May 2015
the conversion of the existing curricula in
engineering degrees, giving priority to innovation and technological development
required by this new economic activity.”
The Human Resources Committee
conducts a process that links them with
participating universities and institutions in order to identify the best practices required by the sector, and simultaneously discover Mexican talent in the
energy field.
“In connection with the development
of qualified suppliers,” Montemayor affirms, “we are currently developing a training program with courses and diplomas, to
be held in various cities of the state.” An
organization like this gives confidence to
its members, through transparency and
better corporate governance practices. The
results, and matters under discussion, are
then presented to a board of associates.
The formation of a cluster can be an
effective tool for regional development,
since it helps identify local problems and
proposes solutions adjusted to the reality
of the region at hand. Besides, the joint
efforts implied by the triple propeller can
achieve common goals, generating greater bargaining power with governments,
and allowing improvement of local suppliers through the promotion of strategic
alliances, certifications and high-level
networking.
Chihuahua Mining Cluster
Chihuahua, a state in northern Mexico,
stands out as a producer of gold, silver,
copper, lead and zinc, with total sales of
1.7 billion dollars in 2014. It produced
22,503 kilograms of gold, and occupied
the third position in terms of extraction,
representing 18.9% of the national total.
33
photos
courtesy of chihuahua mining cluster
With respect to silver, the state extracted over one million kilograms, equivalent
to 17.4% of the national total. Copper
production totaled 16,430 tons; lead,
59,844 tons; and zinc, 137,596 tons.
The mining sector in Chihuahua directly employs 18,000 people, and has created around 91,000 indirect jobs. Its main
export destinations are Canada, the USA
and China.
34
Services and alliances
The Chihuahua Mining Cluster consists
of 100 companies, including service providers and suppliers. Fifteen of the 16
mega mines in the state are part of this
group.
The cluster has 11 major mining
companies, of which four are Mexican
(Frisco, Grupo México, Peñoles and Rio
Tinto). The rest are Canadian and USA
investments (Goldcorp, Agnico Eagle,
Coeur Mining, GoGold Resources, Sierra Metals, Mag Silver and Panamerican
Silver).
Input suppliers range from small companies that provide catering for mining
camps, to highly specialized companies in
technology development. “To this we must
add the support of service providers (legal,
accounting, tax, environmental, ecological
and marketing consultants, among others),”
says Jaime Andrés Cruz Russek, President
of the Chihuahua Mining Cluster.
In order to support its members, the
Chihuahua Mining Cluster—headed by
leaders of the mining companies and
other entrepreneurs in the state—is in
touch with agencies at the three levels of
government, academic institutions, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs),
and business chamber associations. Also,
the cluster is in alliance with the state Attorney General to reinforce safety issues
pertaining to the mining sector. Efforts
have likewise been coordinated with the
Federal Labor Delegation so that members of the cluster can adopt a health and
safety in the workplace self-management
model.
With regard to development of quality
suppliers, the association has established
alliances with both the Chihuahua Center
for Competitiveness and La Salle University’s Innovation Park. Other vital synergies have been established with universities and technological institutes, such as
the Chihuahua branch of ITESM and the
Chihuahua Institute of Technology, which
have developed a prototype simulator of
journeys inside mines without having to
physically go to the sites.
Also, the Chihuahua Mining Cluster
offers training courses focused on basic
safety criteria for mines, and it supports
the Seed Museum Center by equipping
the Mining Pavillion, allowing children to
learn more about the activities and benefits
of the mining sector.
May 2015
Three major projects
In the context of energy reform and the
opportunities it represents in terms of cost
reduction, the cluster’s authorities have
confirmed that they are awaiting new
regulations regarding liberalization and
development in the electric power market
in the next couple of years.
For its part, the mining association
created a portfolio of mining properties on
the market, with the intention of attracting
new investment. It also developed the Clumin Mining Necessities Directory, which
identifies the supply needs in Chihuahua
and pinpoints over 300 areas of opportunity for business development.
According to estimates, 4 billion dollars will be invested in Mexican mining
activities in 2015; these resources will proceed mainly from domestic capital. Last
year the industry was devoted to adjusting
and leveling the price of metals. A report
by the Chihuahua Mining Cluster warns
that “the mining industry will have a more
stable 2015, but with less investment than
a year ago,” cites Cruz Russek.
There are three large mining projects in
Chihuahua that will be consolidated during the rest of this year. The first is the San
Julián project, with an investment of 520
million dollars that will generate more than
3,000 jobs in its initial phase for the benefit
of the regions of Guadalupe and Calvo.
May 2015
The Canadian company Cyprium
Mining Corporation is developing a second investment project for 4.5 million dollars, to optimize operating processes and
double the capacity of its flotation plant in
the municipality of Aldama.
Finally, Minera del Norte, a subsidiary
of Altos Hornos de México, leads a third
major project. It will be implemented at
“La Negra” mine, in Camargo, where iron
is extracted, with a five million dollar investment. During its first phase, the mine
will create 100 direct jobs. N
www.clumin.org
www.clustercoahuila.org.mx
35
photos
Guest Opinion | Negocios ProMéxico
courtesy of cmic
Mining Clusters in Mexico
World Class
Mining
Mining Cluster of Sonora
Affiliates: Not available
Mining in Sonora Data
Mining in the state of Sonora in recent years has been the most
important in the country. Production levels in metallic minerals
such as copper and molybdenum, and non-metallic minerals such as
graphite and wollastonite, place it in first place nationwide. Sonora
is the only producer of molybdenum, amorphous graphite and
wollastonite.
Chihuahua Mining Cluster
Affiliates: 73
Mining in Chihuahua Data
The mining industry uses only 1.2% of available water in the
northwestern basin. Authorized land use for mining is 0.015% of
the total area of the state.
Main extracted metals
Gold, silver, aluminum, copper, iron, molybdenum and barite.
Gold, silver, zinc, copper, lead and iron.
Major mines in operation
Metallic, non-metallic and material banks
Mining Cluster of Zacatecas
Affiliates: 96 in 172 projects.
Mining in Zacatecas Data
The mining industry in Zacatecas is one of the most modern in the
country, where national and international companies participate.
GoldCorp extracted 691,100 ounces of gold in its three mining
units, and ranks second in silver mining. Zacatecas is the largest
producer of silver in Mexico, contributing 48% of the total national
extraction and processing of this metal. Other metals that are
extracted from the state are zinc, lead, and copper, among others.
Gold, silver, cadmium, copper, iron, lead and zinc.
By developing new technologies for its own operation, mining is leading by
example.
Engineers at the Autonomous Metropolitan University (UAM), in conjunction
with the General Coordination of Mines, are encouraging this industry to become
world class.
by marcos gluyas solórzano, executive coordinator of the mining sector at the mexican
chamber of the construction industry (cmic)
Mining and Petroleum Cluster of
Coahuila
Affiliates: 44 companies, 11 educational institutions and 3
research centers.
Mining in Coahuila Data
The Mining and Petroleum Cluster of Coahuila is a civil association
that integrates companies from all sectors. 22.6% of the total
surface of the state is under concession for mining.
Gold, silver, antimony, bismuth, cadmium, copper, tin, iron, lead
and zinc.
Source: Cluster Web pages, with Mexican Geological Survey Data
36
17.4% higher than in the same period
last year (1.9 billion dollars).
May 2015
CMIC’s mission—as well as that of its mining sector division—is to promote and disseminate events associated with mining and
construction, while promoting the participation of specialized companies affiliated
to the mining sector. The Chamber takes
part in conferences and mining boards in
order to promote their related institutions,
support training, research and innovations
applicable to the mining sector.
In 2013 a Joint Committee of the Mining Sector was formed. Since then, this
committee has promoted the participation
of businessmen in the construction sector.
Mining leads by example, developing
new technologies for its own operation, such
as the use of waste water in its processes,
as well as the use of seawater. Another step
forward in this process will be conducted
by a research team from the Department of
Process Engineering and Hydraulics at the
UAM, who will begin work on lixiviation by
thiourea electro-oxidation in a plant.
Lixiviation (or leaching) refers to the
extraction of solid residue by the action
of a liquid solvent; that is, a process in
which a liquid solvent passes through pulverized solid material to cause dissolution
of one or more soluble components of the
material. This process will be conducted at
Peñoles Mining facilities, by processing a
ton of concentrate by flotation.
The method of thiourea leaching is not
new, except for the innovation proposed by
the Mexican team. In general terms, it involves the use of an electrochemical reactor
that will almost entirely take advantage of
the thiourea (an organosulfured compound),
thanks to its recirculation along the process.
If the company—which is subsidizing the study—obtains positive results, a
true revolution will occur in the industry,
May 2015
because it is a method for obtaining gold
without cyanide.
Contribution to the mining sector
• The mining-metallurgical sector in
Mexico contributes 4.9% of GDP.
• In May 2013 it generated 337,598
direct jobs and more than 1.6 million
indirect jobs, according to the Mexican
Social Security Institute (IMSS).
• A total of 2.3 billion dollars were allocated to new projects in mining,
The mining industry in Mexico and the
federal government are promoting an environment friendly sector. To comply with
worldwide environmental regulations, the
General Coordination of Mines was created. Through the General Directorate of
Mining Regulation this instance provides
environmental advice to mining licensees,
and gives notice of the location of lots in
protected natural areas.
Grupo Mexico, for example, operates
in this fashion. The company’s environmental commitments are to:
• Improve the efficiency of recovered
water consumption
• Improve the energy efficiency of each
operating unit
• Achieve clean industry certifications
• Duplicate the production of nurseries,
from two to four million trees, and
• Improve fuel efficiency N
www.cmic.org
37
Negocios ProMéxico | Guest Opinion
photos
archive
Mexican Mining Law
Healthy development for the industry
Mexico’s mining vocation is based mainly on the stability and simplicity of the legislation, which has allowed the
unhindered development of this industry.
by federico kunz, director of kunz abogados, s.c.
Mexico has been a mining country
throughout its history. Mexican minted
silver circulated around the world until the
early twentieth century as a widely accepted currency for international transactions.
Today, Mexico is one of the main world
producers of silver, lead, molybdenum,
zinc, copper and gold, and other minerals
such as celestite or strontium carbonate,
fluorite and sodium sulfate.
Because of its history, the degree of development and the geological environment
of its territory, the Mexican mining industry stands out among the most important
activities in the country, even though the
oil and manufacturing (mainly automotive) industries, and tourism, are sectors of
the Mexican economy with a greater share
of the Gross Domestic Product.
38
Among other competitive advantages,
mining in Mexico has four main characteristics, although we will focus on one in
particular:
1) Mexico has great geological potential,
which is far from being fully evaluated,
much less exploited.
2) To speak of mining as an activity with
a historic tradition means that in Mexico there is a skilled workforce for mining and several regions of the country
that are familiar with this activity.
3) In Mexico there are no laws that limit
or hinder the free flow of capital for
investing in mining or for repatriation
of earnings.
4) The current Mining Law has proved
functional, in accordance with the
May 2015
country’s reality and industry; simple
in its implementation and in support of
the legal certainty that all investments
require.
We can now focus on the Mining Law
as such, which establishes the rules for
mining concessions; the rights and obligations of licensees, as well as the legal
framework for the mining authority. The
law has only 61 articles, and its regulations only 108 sections.
Before turning to the law in particular, it is relevant to note that in Mexico,
following the legal tradition developed in
the Spanish Middle Ages, the ownership
of the mineral resources corresponds, for
practical purposes, to the Mexican State,
as before they belonged to the King, and
individuals can obtain theses resources
through mining concessions granted by
the same government, because the owner
of the land on the surface does not have
the right of ownership over the minerals.
The current Mining Law came into effect in 1992 and has had only a few reforms, in 2005, and recently, in 2014. The
first reform was to further simplify the
operation of mining concessions, and the
second was the result of the recent energy
reforms in Mexico.
This law applies to most of the mineral
substances, but does not address oil, gas
and radioactive minerals—which have their
May 2015
own law—, and also doesn’t include gravel,
sand and building materials in general, that
do not have specific regulatory laws.
The general rule is that mining concessions are granted to the first person
who makes the request, if the area is not
already occupied by another concession
or pending application, and the licensee is
required to pay a fee (tax), make investments and exploit the concession to keep
it legally in force.
Concessions can be obtained by Mexican individuals or corporations, in which
there are no restrictions on the nationality
of the shareholders; i.e., they must be companies incorporated in Mexico, but up to
100% of the shareholders can be foreign
citizens or companies.
There is no limit to the surface of each
concession. Very large areas can be a part
of a concession, provided that the licensee
can pay the surface mining rights (tax),
and has the resources to invest in the mine.
These obligations depend on the number
of hectares of the concession itself.
There is also no limit to the number of
concessions each licensee can obtain. Only
their economic capacity to carry out the
investments and payments in accordance
with the law is considered.
Unlike previous mining laws or those
that are in effect in other countries, according to the Mexican law the transfer
of concessions can be made freely, without
In Mexico, following the legal
tradition developed in the Spanish
Middle Ages, the ownership of the
mineral resources corresponds, for
practical purposes, to the Mexican
State, as before they belonged to the
King, and individuals can obtain
theses resources through mining
concessions granted by the same
government, because the owner of
the land on the surface does not
have the right of ownership over
the minerals.
39
Negocios ProMéxico |
Besides the fact that the Mexican
mining law is simple in its
application and has been shown
to allow the healthy development
of the industry, it is also a law that
has been in place for 23 years, with
very few changes, allowing licensees
to consider long term investments
with a stable regulatory framework.
40
photos
government authorization, and there are
no rules that can limit them.
The owner of a concession can sell it
or rent it, without further restrictions. The
only rule is that the person who buys or
rents it must be legally capable of having
his own mining concessions.
There is also no limitation on production volumes or restrictions on exporting
minerals. The marketing of mineral products, whether obtained directly from the
mines, or refined metals with over 99%
purity grades, is totally free, except for the
recent case of iron ore, which is subjected
to prior permission for exporting, in order
to ensure its legitimate origin.
Mexico is a net exporter of products of
mineral origin, which means that its marketing platform is totally global; reference prices
are always those on the markets of London
and New York, with the characteristic variations these transactions have worldwide.
Besides the fact that the Mexican mining law is simple in its application and has
been shown to allow the healthy development of the industry, it is also a law that
has been in place for 23 years, with very
few changes, allowing licensees to consider
long term investments with a stable regulatory framework.
Although 23 years may seem a short
term, we should mention that each time
a new mining law has been issued in
Mexico—in 1975, 1961, 1930, 1926, and
1909—, miners have always respected acquired rights. That is why two of the largest mining companies in Mexico are both
over 100 years old, and the next in line are
between 80 and 60 years old.
The laws have changed, but the mining
concessions have remained in force, and
today these businesses operate most of the
major mines in the country. Like any other
industrial activity, mining must comply
not only with its own law—the Mining
Law—, but also must act in compliance
with environmental laws, tax laws in general, regulations on industrial safety, labor
legislation and the rest of the legal system
that applies to all businesses.
In recent years, mining companies operating in Mexico have worked decisively
towards the development of sustainable
mining, with social responsibility, respecting
ecosystems, applying strict standards and establishing strong links with the communities
living within the scope of their activities, in
accordance with the global trends. N
www.kunzabogados.com
May 2015
archive
Energy reform
New opportunities in mining
The 2013-2018 Mining Development Program enhances the strengths of the
mining industry, while energy reform offers savings in the electricity sector.
by rodrigo cansino
Mexico is the world leader in silver production and is among the ten largest
producers in 19 minerals. According to the
Mining Chamber of Mexico’s 2014 annual
report, 70% of the national territory has
potential for geological development.
The mining sector represents the
fourth source of foreign currency income,
behind the automotive, electrical and electronic, and oil industries, according to the
2013-2018 Mining Development Program
(Prodemin).
Both the Prodemin—developed by
the Ministry of Economy—and the en-
ergy reform approved last year, generate
expectations of productivity, savings and
process efficiency, as well as the inclusion
of SMEs in the supply chain, among other
benefits.
Prodemin actions
Different strengths of the sector will be
enhanced through the Prodemin, such as
Mexico’s strategic geographical location,
its skilled workforce, its world-class deposits, and its legal certainty, by applying
transparent rules and procedures that will
facilitate investment in the sector.
An important aspect of the energy reform is that it opens up new business
opportunities for the mining industry, including power generation.
May 2015
The Prodemin—published in May
2014—is aligned to the objectives set out
in the 2013-2018 National Development
Plan, and seeks:
1. to promote higher levels of investment and competitiveness in the mining sector;
2. additional financing in the mining sector and its value chain;
3. to encourage the development of small
and medium scale mining and “social
mining” (i.e., local communities that
have mineral resources); and
4. to modernize the institutional regulations of the sector, while improving
attention to procedures related to
mining concessions, including replying to requests submitted by the private sector.
The Prodemin also specifically includes the need to expand domestic markets to participate in the exploration
and exploitation of minerals used in the
41
photos
archive
Fifomi
Support for the Mexican mining industry
The Mining Trust Fund (Fifomi) has been a major promoter in the development of national mining by funding,
training and providing technical assistance to this sector.
by fideicomiso de fomento minero (mining trust fund)
manufacture of high-tech products, such
as titanium, cobalt and antimony, in addition to rare soils, considered to be the
mineral of the future.
The Mexican mining industry has distinguished itself as one of the most competitive worldwide; from 2011 to 2014,
Mexico was ranked as the fifth most attractive country to invest in this sector.
In 2014 Mexico only stood behind
Canada, Australia, the USA and Chile,
according to reports issued by Behre Dolbear, a consulting firm specializing in mining services. The firm clarifies that it is important to consider external factors such
as the slowdown in China, among others,
that have affected the prices of minerals.
Therefore, the Prodemin is intended to
serve as a tool for boosting the mining
industry in Mexico, given its potential in
terms of natural resources.
The Mexican states with the most significant mining activities have begun implementing alliances with the private and
professional local sectors that are directly
related to the industry. The purpose is to
create synergies between the different participants to give rise to new business opportunities for development at the local or
regional level.
The energy reform
The impact of energy reform in the mining
sector will generate savings between 20%
42
Throughout its history, Mexico has been a
mining country, and still is today. Our country has a vast wealth of mineral resources,
both in precious and industrial metals, and
in non-metallic minerals. Today, Mexico is
one of the ten largest producers of silver,
bismuth, fluorite, strontium, cadmium, lead
and barite, to name a few.
Mining contributes 4% of national
GDP. Investment in the mining-metallurgic industry amounted to about five billion
dollars in 2014. The geological potential
of the country, coupled with the dynamics of investment observed in the sector, is
indicative of great business opportunities
for this industry.
The Mexican mining industry has distinguished itself as one of the most
competitive worldwide; from 2011 to 2014, Mexico was ranked as the
fifth most attractive country to invest in this sector.
and 30% in energy costs, according to the
Mining Chamber of Mexico.
Another important aspect is that it
opens new business opportunities for the
mining industry, including power generation. Coal mining companies can exploit
coalbed gas—since mining concessions are
entitled to exploit this gas—, which also
brings more safety and better performance
to the operation.
Mining companies would have an immediate advantage in the exploration and
extraction of natural gas, because contracts would be awarded directly and not
by competitive bidding. The potential of
this business is 7.6 billion dollars.
While other energy industries have to
wait for permits, dates and deadlines, deposits of shale gas or natural gas in mines
can be exploited immediately.
The first beneficiaries are the companies that have mining concessions, since
the Hydrocarbons Law provides that they
will not be required to enter a bidding process in order to win a contract. They will
be assigned directly, after receiving permission from the Energy Regulatory Commission (CRE).
Financing the mining industry in
Mexico
The graph overleaf shows the evolution of
credit extended by commercial and development banks to production in the mining
industry (coal and derivatives, iron ore,
non-ferrous metal ore, sand, gravel, clay
and non-metallic minerals).
As noted, there are major opportunities for financial institutions that support
The law specifies that this provision
only applies to the exploration and extraction of natural gas contained in coal veins.
All other hydrocarbon reservoirs must be
tendered for.
The Hydrocarbons Revenue Act recognizes that if the price of natural gas in the
international market falls below five dollars
per million BTUs (British Thermal Units), no
royalties will be paid, given that the profitability of the projects is very low at this level.
There are over a hundred SMEs that
have mining concessions in the state of
Coahuila, for example, where the Mexican Geological Survey has identified mines
with gas, near cities like Piedras Negras
and Sabinas.
The shale gas market has a value of 3.8
billion dollars and may reach 7.6 billion,
according to estimates. As for the demand
of this hydrocarbon, an annual growth of
3.6% is estimated, increasing from 6,678
million cubic feet per day (MMcfd) in
2012, to 11,424 MMcfd in 2027, according to a document on the market outlook
for LP gas and natural gas for the 20132027 period published by the Ministry of
Energy. N
May 2015
May 2015
the sector with credit. In this context, the
importance of Fifomi stands out.
THE MINING Trust Fund
The establishment of Fifomi dates back to
1934, when a presidential decree created
the Mining Development Commission
(Cofomi), predecessor of the current trust.
According to the “List of state entities of the federal government subject to
the Federal Law on Public Enterprises and
its Regulations” (published in the Official
Journal of the Federation on August 15,
2014), Fifomi is a state entity classified as
a public trust, and is a part of Mexico’s
financial system, under the Ministry of
Economy.
As an entity specialized in the mining sector, it promotes the development
of mining by providing financial services,
training and technical assistance to create,
strengthen and consolidate mining projects and operations in the country.
Fifomi has the Ministry of Finance as
trustor, Nacional Financiera as trustee,
and is regulated by the National Banking
and Securities Commission.
43
Portfolio level activity
December 2012
December 2014
Level 1
Ore producers
Level 2
Providers of services to the mining industry
Level 3
Mineral processors
Level 4
Consumers, distribuitors and marketers
It supports 110 activities related to mining and its value chain. Its spectrum of activity ranges from mineral producers and processors of minerals, to providers of services to
the mining industry, consumers, distributors
and marketers of minerals. It has fourteen
regional offices located in the states with the
highest levels of mining, providing guidance
on funding, training and technical assistance.
It also has two subsidiaries: Exportadora de
Sal, S. A. and Baja Bulk Carriers.
Fifomi’s strategy is led by the 20132018 National Development Plan (PND)
and, in particular, the 2013-2018 Mining
Development Program (Prodemin).
44
Prodemin envisages four major strategic objectives: 1) promote investment and
competitiveness in the sector; 2) seek an
increase in funding, including the entire
value chain; 3) encourage the development
of small and medium-scale mining as well
as social mining; and 4) modernize institutional regulations, by improving attention
to paperwork processes.
The strategies to meet these goals include facilitating access to credit for companies in the sector and their suppliers;
promoting the creation of mining clusters;
and supporting the exploration and evaluation of projects.
Fifomi’s new approach
In keeping with its regulatory framework,
from 2013 Fifomi has established long-term
goals and metrics for evaluating and comparing its compliance over time. This new approach defined ore producers, companies that
provide services to the mining industry, and
primary mineral consumers as priority areas.
Changes in the rules and flexibility of operation were required as a strategy to fund
companies in the first link of the chain (extraction), as well as traders and processors
who, in turn, dispersed funds to small mineral producers. Therefore, the trust has taken
action to facilitate funding access to companies, mainly small and medium enterprises.
Fifomi funds are granted directly to
mineral producers and processors, through
financial intermediaries and non-financial
dispensers, as “second floor” financing, directed towards smaller mining companies
integrated into value chains as suppliers
and distributors of minerals.
Thus, as strategies for the medium and
long term, it seeks a stake focusing on priority sectors, as well as an increase in fund-
May 2015
ing for producers of minerals, companies
that provide services to the mining industry,
and primary consumers of minerals.
On the other hand, a permanent task
of Fifomi is refining the quality of the loan
portfolio by making a better selection of
customers and a more complete analysis
of projects.
Likewise, it seeks to maintain a balance
in the loan portfolio between financial intermediaries and direct project financing.
Refocusing on technical assistance
and training
As a complement to its lending activity,
Fifomi provides technical assistance and
training focused on mining operations and
its supply chain.
In this regard, technical assistance programs and training support focusing on
small and medium-sized companies were
redesigned. Focusing on technical assistance and training involves identifying the
needs of the actors involved in the activities of priority sectors.
The training courses that Fifomi promotes and organizes relate to specialized issues in technical and administrative areas for
the mining sector and its value chain. Collaboration with universities, organizations, state
governments and companies is established to
optimize human resources and materials.
Fifomi’s new focus on technical assistance seeks primarily to support exploration efforts and obtain direct credits for
mineral producers and mining industry
services, as well as specialized financial intermediaries.
Fifomi’s projection
Fifomi has contributed to the task of promoting mining in this country by drawing
May 2015
Financing for the Mining Industry
FINANCIAMIENTO
LA INDUSTRIA
(Nominal
balances inAmillions
ofMINERA
pesos)
(Saldos nominales en millones de pesos)
Commercial Banks
Development Banks
Period
Total
Loans to the
mining industry
Total
Loans to the
mining industry
2010
2,166,640
4,595
378,395
168
2011
2,506,277
5,000
408,104
133
2012
2,793,721
7,385
465,381
436
2013
3,047,804
5,218
548,992
985
2014
3,366,356
6,694
656,399
1,828
Source: BANXICO. http://banxico.org.mx
on the experience and knowledge of the
mining sector that the trust has accumulated over eighty years.
The institution has managed to maintain its financial viability by diversifying
the portfolio between financial intermediaries and direct loans; at the same time it
has sought funding sources that increase
competitiveness and ensure liquidity for
lending, and it has strengthened the quality of its credit analysis in order to select
projects that are both economically and
socially viable.
At Fifomi we are convinced that to
achieve long-term objectives, we need to
stay on track, thus consolidating the trust
as a sound financial and technical assistance institution. N
www.fifomi.gob.mx
45
photos
Mining
Strategic lever for growth in Mexico
Last year, mining contributed 4% of gross domestic product (GDP) and invested
4.9 billion dollars. In addition, this industrial sector stood in fourth place as
generator of foreign revenue for the country, behind the automotive, electronic
and oil industries.
by sergio almazán esqueda, general director, mining chamber of mexico
From the perspective of the Mining Chamber of Mexico (Camimex), we are a country with a deep mining vocation. This activity is present in 28 of the 32 states of
the Republic, and is an engine of development for the country, directly employing
340,000 people.
It is a hundred-year-old productive
sector that has become one of the strategic levers of growth for Mexico through
its financial contribution, bringing social
security, jobs, health services, education,
housing and better quality of life to communities in regions where few other economic activities are developed.
Last year, mining contributed 4%
of GDP and invested over 4.9 billion
dollars. In addition, this industrial sector stood in fourth place as a generator of foreign revenue for the country,
While working in this industry, men and women (who make up 10.3%
of the workforce) received ongoing training, which helped raise their
professionalism, security and personal growth.
46
courtesy of camimex
behind the automotive, electronic and
oil industries.
The mining sector is an important employer in the country, offering long-term
quality jobs, with wages 38% above the
national average. In 2014 alone, 8,314
new jobs were created.
While working in this industry, men
and women—who make up 10.3% of the
workforce—received ongoing training,
which helped raise their professionalism,
security and personal growth.
Prices versus taxes
No doubt, like the rest of the world, mining in Mexico is not at its best. The collapse of international prices of metals has
combined with new taxes for the sector.
The application of new mining entitlements, along with the inability to deduct
taxes on exploration expenditures in the
year they are made, emphasized the contraction of most mining indicators.
Due to the strategic importance of mining investment, including exploration as a key
May 2015
activity for the sustainability and competitiveness of the sector, it is essential to create better conditions for its healthy development
in the country. In 2014, the price of gold fell
10% compared to 2013; silver fell 20%; lead,
2.2%; copper, 6.4%; and iron, 28.5%.
Mining companies in the world responded to the unfavorable conditions of
the market with a 26% reduction in the
non-ferrous metals exploration budget,
compared to the previous year, and 53%
less than in 2012.
Despite these adverse conditions, increased production is expected in 2015
due to the start of new projects, mine
consolidation and announced increases in
production at major mines.
Camimex is aiming to group, coordinate, represent and defend the interests of
the mining industry before the different
levels of government and other agencies,
as well as providing information services,
training, management and support to foster their development. Promoting the integral development of the industry demonstrates that the objective of consolidating
mining as a responsible and sustainable
industry, committed to healthy coexistence
with people and the environment while
seeking social benefits for the communities
where they operate, can be pursued.
May 2015
Mining companies operating in Mexico invested seventy million dollars
in community development and support during 2014, including support
for implementing productive projects in the communities near mining
installations, such as in construction and services in general.
In fact, mining companies operating
in Mexico invested seventy million dollars
in community development and support
during 2014, including support for implementing productive projects in the communities near mining installations, such
as in construction and services in general.
They also allocated 75 million dollars to
environmental preservation initiatives.
The chamber has implemented various
measures with members contributing to
remain vigilant in terms of security within
their operations. It is permanently promoting good practices in the mines to ensure
the health and safety of workers.
Also, through an agreement with the
Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare, Camimex is persuading many mining companies
to adhere to the Safe Company Self-Management Program. By the end of 2014, 135
workplaces had been incorporated to the
Safety and Health at Work Self-Management
Program. To date, 52 centers have received
one of three safe company awards.
A major consumer of energy
The mining sector ranks sixth in terms
of energy consumption. In this sense,
the energy reform driven by the federal
government will allow mining companies to become more competitive as
they seek new investment opportunities. While these opportunities crystallize and the international market moderates is volatility, the mining sector is
working hard and with determination
to contribute to the development and
competitiveness of the country, as it
has throughout history.
The mining sector’s commitment is
to continue working for the development of Mexico, being more efficient
in its processes and reducing operating
costs, while prioritizing the preservation
of jobs, the safety and training of its employees, care for the environment and attention to communities. N
www.camimex.org.mx
47
MINERALS IN MEXICO
WHAT ARE THEY FOR?
Mexico is among the top ten producers of these minerals in the world, with
applications unrecognized by their names, but they are present in many
industries and objects we use every day.
Mexico’s p
g
nkin
Bismuth
Fluorite
Wollastonite
It has numerous commercial
applications, especially in
It is mainly used to produce hydrofluoric
acid, an essential material for manufacturing
It is used in paints and coatings,
Mexico’s p
th
osition in t
5th
orld
he w ra
4
orld
he w ra
osition in t
ceramics, metallurgy and
construction, among other industries.
For ceramics, this metal considerably reduces
cooking cycle times, thereby saving energy
and reducing gaseous emissions.
used in large quantities for manufacturing
enamels and translucent glass.
Mexico’s p
In the latter case it stands out
as a component for treating
colds, allergies and diarrhea.
synthetic cryolite, which is used
for casting or aluminum
electrolytic production. Also, it is
g
nkin
cosmetology, production of
pigments, and medicine.
g
nkin
Cadmium
Molybdenum
It is used in high voltage metal plating
applications, certain glass filters, and
manufacturing pigments and plastics as a chemical
catalyst. It is also used in electroplating (as a coating).
It is used in many alloys to produce
hardened steel, improving its toughness and resistance
to high temperatures. It is also used in building and
manufacturing tools and corrosion resistant parts.
It is an essential metal in plant nutrition; the lack of this
element in soil can reduce the fertility of the land.
g
nkin
Mexico’s p
Mexico’s p
8th
g
nkin
orld
he w ra
7th
osition in t
orld
he w ra
osition in t
Diatomite
Barite
It has multiple applications: in the beer industry, precious
metals, wine, and ultramicroscopic separation
of solids, among others. It enables greater clarity and flow
The main use of barite is in the oil industry, followed by the
paint industry, where it is used as an acid resistant pigment. In the
automotive industry it replaces asbestos as a friction agent
for manufacturing linings for brakes. And, due to its
high density, which allows it to absorb radiation, it is the metal of
choice for protecting X Ray rooms.
reduction in filtered liquids. It is also used as a coating material
or filler for plastics, insecticides, fertilizers, bricks, insulating
materials, cement and more.
48
3rd
nd
g
nkin
Mexico’s p
2
osition in t
orld
he w ra
Mexico’s p
osition in t
orld
he w ra
orld
he w ra
2nd
g
nkin
osition in t
May 2015
The Lifestyle | Negocios ProMéxico
The Complete Guide to the Mexican Way of Life
The Lifestyle
Mining museums
From mining deposits to the preservation of memory
Several museums dedicated to the world of mining have been established in what
used to be authentic mines, and they offer time-traveling visitors a fascinating look
at the interior of the earth.
by raquel rivas
This palace was one of the first buildings designed for teaching engineering and
metallurgy, the main economic activity during the colonial period, and one of the main
sources of wealth of the Spanish empire.
This majestic monument is part of the
artistic and cultural heritage of the UNAM
(National Autonomous University of Mexico), and is supervised by its Faculty of En-
El Oro Museum
This Gold Mining Museum is located in
Estado de México. Housed in a small Porfirian house, this museum—built at the entrance to the mine La Providencia—offers
a unique view of the history of mining in
photos
courtesy of mexico tourism board
Palacio de Minería (Palace of Mining)
Among the Mexican museums devoted to
narrating the historical trajectory of mining
exploitation in the country, Mexico City’s
Palacio de Minería (Palace of mining) is no
doubt the most famous. The building was
designed and built by the Spanish architect
Manuel Tolsá, finest example of neoclassical
architecture in the country.
gineering. Today, it houses the faculty’s Division of Continuous Education, the Bruno
Mascanzoni Information and Documentation Center, the Historical Heritage of the
Palace of Mining, the Manuel Tolsá Museum, and several engineers’ trade associations
and administrative areas. The building also
hosts an annual international book fair.
51
Mining Museums
From mining deposits to the
preservation of memory
By Raquel Rivas
53
Mines and Balls
The story of football in Mexico
By Óscar Hernández
archive
By Mexico Tourism Board
Mexico is a country rich in diversity. Wherever visitors
go, they find different landscapes, customs, cuisines and
cultures, such as the mining towns that are part of the
nation’s colorful mosaic.
55
photo
Mexico’s unique
mining towns
May 2015
51
Negocios ProMéxico | The Lifestyle
Mines and balls
The story of football in Mexico
This popular sport was introduced to Mexican society by the British who operated
the mines in Real del Monte, Hidalgo. In the old days, soccer was played at fancy
foreign clubs in Mexico.
by óscar hernández
archive
In the late nineteenth and early twentieth
centuries, British citizens who worked
in the mines, as well as wealthy British
businessmen who lived in the nation’s
capital and met at exclusive clubs to
The first balls arrived by ship to Veracruz, brought by Spaulding,
the house specialized in sporting goods, based in Mexico City.
Those first leather balls—provided with inner tubes made from
pigs’ bladders—were so hard that if a player hit the ball with his
head it would leave a mark on his forehead.
52
El Túnel
The Tunnel Mining Museum is located in
Durango, and is often described as a great
experience that rescues ancient legends of
the city center, and illustrates the mining
history of the state.
Inside the tunnel several tools and
means of transport are exhibited, along
with miner’s clothes and an extensive
collection of minerals. The museum covers 280 square meters where visitors can
discover machines, tools and minerals that
were donated by companies in the region.
The museum has an elevator for the
elderly and for disabled people, and offers
space for several exhibitions, surveillance
systems and state of the art technology. The
excitement begins when you begin to descend the steps that lead to the front door.
The guides ask visitors to put on fluorescent vests and helmets, like old-time miners,
and the journey begins. After looking at old
photographs of the Cerro del Mercado and
the Ojuela mine, a guide provides relevant
information to visitors.
The tour also includes information on
the first expeditions in Zacatecas and the
discovery of the first mines, which led to
the foundation of the first mining towns.
The mining history of Mexico is divided
into four main stages: the colonial era, the
nineteenth century, the Porfiriato (the 30
year rule of Porfirio Díaz, in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries), and
the twentieth century. N
May 2015
photo
La Dificultad
In a similar fashion to La Providencia, the
old silver mine of La Dificultad serves as a
museum, another witness to the historical
heritage of the Mexican mining experience.
Located in Real del Monte, Hidalgo, this
museum provides information on more than
five centuries of mining life at the deposits in
Real del Monte, Pachuca, Mineral del Chico,
Mineral de la Reforma, Huasca and Sierra de
las Navajas.
After several years of restoration and
conditioning of old facilities and mining
equipment—a job undertaken by the Historical Archive and Museum of Mining
(AHMM) civil association—this building
stands out for its valuable visual and documentary information. It also serves as a testament to the transition between the steam
era and the beginning of the age of electricity,
since this mine features the most powerful
steam engine in the country, from the late
nineteenth century, which pumped water out
of the Clavo de San Ignacio and other mines
in the region. It is machine made in Chemnitz, Germany, with 580 horsepower.
The beginnings
The first balls arrived by ship to Veracruz,
brought by Spaulding, the house specialized in sporting goods, which was based
in Mexico City. Those first leather balls—
provided with inner tubes made from pigs’
bladders—were so hard that if a player
hit the ball with his head it would leave a
mark on his forehead.
During a visit to the nation’s capital,
William Manco Blamey, a miner from the
Real del Monte y Pachuca company, after
witnessing a primitive attempt at a match
by eight enthusiastic students at an English
school who were kicking a ball without a
definite purpose, decided to visit Spaulding
and purchase one of these balls that were
archive
photos
this region through photographs, documents, maps and blueprints, some of them
from the late eighteenth century.
El Oro was founded in 1772 by the first
discoverers of the rich veins of the coveted
metal in that area. These fine gold mines
were considered the second richest in the
world, only comparable to the Transvaal
mines in Africa. The mining boom caused
a significant population migration towards
this area in the late nineteenth and early
twentieth centuries, when vast deposits of
other precious minerals were discovered.
La Providencia—which grew to a
depth of over three hundred meters at different levels—ceased operations in 1960,
but nevertheless remains as an example of
the mining boom that pervaded the country at one time. The museum houses 250
different types of minerals and over 200
objects, including photographs, maps and
tools. The five permanent exhibition halls,
with an area of approximately 500 square
meters, are visited by people of all ages.
play cricket, gradually introduced the
practice of soccer to Mexico, at first
with fewer players than needed, and the
games lasted seventy minutes. At schools
for the children of these families, priests
were in charge of teaching the new sport
to the kids.
May 2015
53
Mexico’s unique mining towns
heavy as stones, and return to the mine to
play with his peers. But to his surprise, all
the balls had already been sold to several
schools. So he had to make an order that
was filled several months later.
The miner returned to Real del Monte
and, with great excitement, told his English colleagues that soccer had come to
Mexico and announced that he was forming a team. The idea pleased technicians
and miners alike, who immediately signed
up on Blamey’s list, and months later the
balls arrived. The investment amounted to
twelve dollars, plus the cost of protective
boots for playing soccer. Once they had organized a team, the miners would play ball
in their spare time. Saturday nights they
practiced, applying the rules of the now
popular sport, and devoted their Sundays
to playing amongst themselves, or with
other miners at El Hiloche Park, in Real
del Monte.
54
by mexico tourism board
photos
archive
Mining towns are an important part of
Mexico’s history. They were often the
scene of social and cultural movements
such as the Independence, the Porfiriato*,
the Revolution and the Cristiada*. These
events, which marked the history of their
communities, are also reflected in today’s
festivities and customs. It is very rewarding to visit these towns and learn their
stories.
Real de Catorce
This emblematic town in the state of San
Luis Potosí is located 2,750 meters above
sea level in the Sierra de Catorce (one of the
highest peaks in Mexico, exceeding an altitude of 3,100 meters.) This town is a place
ish of the Mexico Cricket Club were also
forming their team. This was how the first
Amateur Soccer League took shape, and
the first formal tournament in Mexico was
organized.
The pioneers
Finally, on July 19, 1902 in Mexico City
an agreement for the establishment of the
Mexican Amateur Soccer League Association was formed. By September, five teams
belonged to the league: Pachuca Athletic
Club, Reforma Athletic Club, British Club,
Mexico Cricket Club, and the Orizaba
Athletic Club.
The first formal tournament of this
league started on October 19, 1902, in
the fields that belonged to the Mexico
Cricket Club, located in a site on Paseo de
la Reforma in Mexico City, with a game
between the British Club and the Mexico
Cricket Club, which ended with a scoreboard of five to one, in favor of the British. As was customary among the British
members, during the half-time break distinguished ladies who were cheerleading
their teams, offered tea and refreshments
to the players on the sidelines. In those
days, soccer games were held on Sunday
afternoons, and consisted of two periods
of 35 minutes each.
The main supporters of soccer in
Mexico were Percy C. Clifford and Robert
J. Blackmoore, who brought the rules of
the game and the first regulation balls to
Mexico. Alfred Crowle—who played with
Pachuca from 1908—also had a major influence in popularizing this sport.
Pachuca, the birthplace of soccer
In November of 2014, Pachuca was declared
an “Intangible Cultural Heritage” and the
Birthplace of Mexican Soccer, by the Congress of the State of Hidalgo. The approval
of the appointment was based on nineteenth
century documents and publications, preserved at the Newspaper and Periodicals Library at UNAM. N
May 2015
According to historical records, the first game in Pachuca took
place in 1889 in the fields that were next to the railway station,
while other sources claim that the match was played in the
town of Real del Monte, where most of the mines were located.
rich in history and culture. It is said that the
original name is “Real de Minas de la Limpia Concepción de Guadalupe de los Álamos de Catorce.” The curious fact is that
“catorce” (the number fourteen) represents
the total members of a famous band of
thieves that assailed travelers on the roads
leading to the village. It is also known as
a town that long ago overflowed with silver and gold, and was capable of building
a tunnel as a show of power: the Ogarrio
Tunnel, the main access to the village.
Colloquially it is referred to as the town
of stone, forged by its mining culture, but
also for its Huichol* influence. It is near
the most important sacred site for the Huicholes: a desert of 140,000 hectares with
photos
The first game
According to historical records, the first
game in Pachuca took place in 1889 in
the fields that were next to the railway
station, while other sources claim that the
match was played in the town of Real del
Monte, where most of the mines were located. The second edition of the weekly
El Minero de Pachuca, on May 12, 1889,
recorded the triumph of the players of
“El Rosario”—a mine owned by Richard
Rule— over the workers of the “San Cayetano” hacienda in Real del Monte, eight
to four. The journal also reported a scuffle
after the match between players and some
spectators, that ended with several injuries and arrests.
Another version states that 120 years
ago, British mining technicians founded
Mexico’s oldest soccer team: the Pachuca
team. In the November 4, 1895 edition
of the American newspaper The Mexican
Herald, an article reports on the merging
of The Pachuca Cricket Club, the Velasco
Cricket Club and the Pachuca Soccer Club
to form the Pachuca Athletic Club, during
a meeting at the Hacienda La Luz, in Pachuca.
Meanwhile, in Orizaba, Veracruz, a
group of Scottish textile workers organized their own squadron, while the Brit-
Mexico is a country rich in diversity. Wherever visitors go, they find different
landscapes, customs, cuisines and cultures, such as the mining towns that are part
of the nation’s colorful mosaic.
May 2015
55
the greatest cactus biodiversity concentration per square meter in the world.
Walking through the streets of Real
de Catorce, visitors will encounter truly
emblematic buildings, including the bullring, built in pink stone; the Guadalupe
Chapel, which houses religious murals in
its interior; and the Palenque de Gallos (or
cock-fight arena), a replica of a Roman
amphitheater that currently stages artistic
and cultural events.
One of the main festivities is held in
honor of St. Francis of Assisi, the patron
saint of Real de Catorce. It takes place
in early October and consists of several stages: first, the statue of the saint is
taken down from his altar in the church
and placed at the bottom of the Parish
of the Immaculate Conception; then, the
faithful make a procession with the statue
through every corner of the village; finally,
on October 4 they sing “Las Mañanitas”
Mineral de Pozos
This is now one of the favorite destinations in the state of Guanajuato, visited by
people from distant lands who are attracted by its squares, alleys and old houses
that have been restored by the descendants
of miners of the old days. It is known as a
ghost town because it has been abandoned
twice since its foundation in the eighteenth
century, by Spaniards who built the town
on the remains of an ancient Chichimeca*
settlement.
Initially, the inhabitants engaged in
agriculture, until gold, silver, copper, lead,
zinc and mercury deposits were discovered
and the Santa Brígida mine was built and
exploited.
Mineral de Pozos became an important mining center, which was later abandoned during the Wars of Independence
and the Cristero War. Its charm resides in
the perfect mix between its mining past
and its modern present. Visitors can find
old mines and large haciendas, but also
modern art galleries and arts & crafts
shops, featuring jewelry and dolls dressed
in traditional costumes. Boutique hotels
have brought a unique touch to the town,
since most of them are restored old houses
and mansions.
Mineral de Pozos is now recognized by
two musical festivals: the mariachi festival
held in May with the best mariachi groups
in the country; and in July the Blues and
Toltequidad* Festival, which aims to show
the coexistence of blues and pre-Hispanic
music. In addition, the sale of old instruments is another major attraction at this
festival.
Taxco
It is the oldest mining center in the Americas, known mainly for its silver mines. It is,
in itself, a gem thanks to its characteristic
sloping and cobblestoned streets, which often lead to squares where visitors can admire the colonial architecture. This small
city, located in northern Guerrero, has several vantage points with stunning views.
photos
(the Mexican happy birthday song) and
celebrate mass, after which the saint is returned to his altar. The occasion coincides
with an important fair, visited by people
from all over the country.
Moreover, Real de Catorce has become
the meeting point par excellence for people who like to practice ecotourism, since
one of the main activities is to explore the
mountains aboard a “willy”, a jeep-style
cross-country van. During this tour, visitors witness the semi-desertic landscape
of Potosí, and visit the old mines in the
region.
Silver from Taxco is recognized internationally. No corner in this former mining town is without a shop or a store that
sells items made from this precious metal.
For its architecture and design, the
Temple of Saint Prisca, build in the mideighteenth century, is an iconic point. It
was erected over seven years, in less time
than the average of the religious temples
of the time. It is named after a canonized
young woman who defended the name of
God during the time of the Romans.
The temple was built at the behest of
José de la Borda, a man who amassed a
great fortune from the mines of Taxco. The
design was by the architect Cayetano de
Sigüenza, while the interior was majestically decorated with paintings by Miguel
Cabrera, from Oaxaca.
Nearby, visitors can visit the underground rivers at the Caverns of
Cacahuamilpa. Set in a forest area of
approximately 2,700 hectares, these
mysterious caves are noted for their
marvelous formations of stalactites and
stalagmites.
In October 2009, Taxco was named
City of Light by the International Urban
Lighting Community. N
www.cptm.com.mx
photos
* Glossary
• The Porfiriato refers to the 1876-1910 period
governed by Porfirio Díaz.
• The Cristiada or War of the Cristeros refers to
the 1926-1929 religious conflict in Mexico.
• The huicholes are the native peoples from
Central Mexico, west of the Sierra Madre
mountains.
• The chichimecas are the native peoples from
Central and Northwestern Mexico.
• Toltequidad refers to a movement aimed
and recovering and restoring pre-Hispanic
traditions and culture in modern Mexico.
56
May 2015
May 2015
57
Negocios ProMéxico
Negocios ProMéxico | Para Exportadores
Para
Para Exportadores
Exportadores
sectores más importantes de la economía
de los atractivos más importantes
nacional; las reformas promovidas por este
a nivel mundial para la inversión
gobierno garantizan el desarrollo sustentable
extranjera directa gracias al gran
de dichos sectores. Actualmente México es el
potencial mineral que guarda nuestro territorio,
principal exportador de plata a nivel mun-
la tradición minera que caracteriza diversas re-
dial, y ocupa algunos de los principales luga-
giones de nuestro territorio y la certeza legal que
res en la exportación de minerales y metales
ofrece, además de las posibilidades de crecimiento
de gran valor.
y diversificación que abre la reforma energética,
que modificó la ley minera vigente.
En esta edición repasamos los compromisos
de la industria minera con el medio ambiente y
foto archivo
El sector minero mexicano es uno
foto archivo
de
proméxico
Australia en la
industria minera
mexicana
Innovaciones que
revolucionan al sector
minero
Por Raquel Rivas
Al día de hoy –y a lo largo de siglos de pro-
sus políticas sostenibles a largo plazo, también
fesionalización de su fuerza de trabajo– el sector
exploramos la relación México-Australia desde
minero es uno de los más sólidos, y sus benefi-
la perspectiva minera, los avances tecnológicos
Por Rodolfo Esaú Garza De Vega
cios han llegado a todos los mexicanos. La mi-
para dicho sector, algunas aportaciones cultu-
66
nería ha permitido avances en infraestructura
rales de la Camimex y los principales minerales
y tecnología, además de estar presente en casi
producidos en México explicitando sus princi-
todos los sectores y tareas que configuran el en-
pales usos. Finalmente ofrecemos un reporte so-
tramado de la economía nacional.
bre los 125 años de la relación Rusia-México y
México ha iniciado un proceso de transformación que facilita el desarrollo de los
68
Breves
las oportunidades de comercio con la República
Popular China.
para exportadores
Compromiso sostenible
60
Por Óscar Hernández
65
Rusia y México
¡Bienvenidos a Negocios ProMéxico!
125 años de relaciones diplomáticas
La Camimex en la cultura
Por Jaime Eduardo Juárez Arias
Por Camimex
63
70
Panorama económico de China
y su relación bilateral con México
71
58
Mayo 2015
breves
DECÍDETE A EXPORTAR.
MANUFACTURA
QUE NADA TE DETENGA.
Inversión de 500 mdp en
una fábrica de mezclilla en
Coahuila
foto archivo
La empresa TT Blues Textil, del Grupo Sportswear,
invertirá 500 millones de pesos en la construcción
de su nueva planta en el municipio de Parras de la
Fuente, en Coahuila, la cual generará 500 empleos.
La fábrica será la productora de mezclilla más
moderna de México, según anunció el gobernador
del estado Rubén Moreira Valdez.
El presidente de la empresa, Alfredo Marcos
Muñoz, explicó que la planta iniciará con una
producción de 250,000 metros de mezclilla básica
y aumentará a 800,000 metros en un mes, para
luego iniciar con el desarrollo y proceso de telas
premium.
• Te ayudamos a construir una agenda de negocios en el extranjero.
• Te facilitamos el acceso a estudios de mercado.
• Te contactamos con un representante del sector para guiarte.
• Te apoyamos en ubicar los centros de distribución que más convienen a tu producto.
Acércate y hagamos equipo.
01800 EXPORTE (397 6783)
www.elsiglodetorreon.com.mx/noticia
COMERCIO EXTERIOR
COMERCIO EXTERIOR
Exportadores se reunirán en Jalisco
Durante la XXII edición del Congreso Nacional de Comercio
Exterior, con sede en Puerto Vallarta este 2015, se entregará el
Galardón Nacional a la Exportación a empresarios mexicanos.
El director de comercio exterior del Consejo Nacional Mexicano de Comercio Exterior (Comce), Fernando Ruiz Huarte
informó que este año los empresarios podrán ser premiados
en doce categorías.
El congreso se realizará el 30 de septiembre y el 1 y 2 de
octubre próximos. Se espera contar con la presencia de dos mil
hombres de negocios, entre 25 y 30 embajadores, y se estima
una derrama económica de quince millones de dólares.
Fernando Ruiz Huarte informó que para promover las exportaciones en México, los asistentes podrán sostener reuniones de
negocios con una decena de compradores de alimentos frescos y
enlatados provenientes de Alemania, Asia, Japón, China, Corea
del Sur, España, Holanda y EUA.
www.comce.org.mx
60
México es el tercer socio comercial más importante para Canadá,
después de EUA y China.
Las exportaciones mexicanas a Canadá crecieron 14% entre enero
y marzo de 2015, al pasar de 1,789 millones de dólares en enero a
2,043 millones de dólares en abril, informó el organismo oficial de
estadística de Canadá.
Las exportaciones canadienses a México durante el mismo periodo
crecieron sólo 0.44%. En tanto, que las exportaciones mexicanas
durante abril mostraron un superávit de 1,684 millones de dólares
en la balanza comercial con Canadá.
El organismo oficial de estadística de Canadá indicó que las principales
exportaciones mexicanas a Canadá correspondieron a maquinaria y
aparatos mecánicos, grabadoras de sonido y reproductoras, equipo
eléctrico y accesorios relacionados con equipo de sonido.
Los productos vegetales mexicanos exportados en abril alcanzaron
los 124.7 millones, en su mayoría plantas, árboles, bulbos, raíces,
flores, aceites comestibles, frutas y cítricos, café, especias, cereales,
plantas medicinales y frutas oleaginosas.
www.statcan.gc.ca
foto archivo
foto archivo
Canadá recibe 14% más exportaciones de
México
Mayo 2015
promexico.gob.mx
61
economia.gob.mx
foto
Para Exportadores | Negocios ProMéxico
archivo
Rusia y México
125 años de relaciones diplomáticas
En el marco de la celebración del 125 aniversario del establecimiento de relaciones diplomáticas entre Rusia y México, este
2015 dimos un giro especial a nuestra presencia en el país europeo. El evento “Días de México” –que se llevó a cabo del 1 al 5
de junio en la ciudad de Ekaterimburgo– constó de diversas actividades comerciales y culturales, con el propósito de fortalecer
los lazos y promover el entendimiento entre México y la región de Sverdlovsk.
por jaime eduardo juárez arias, consejero de proméxico en moscú
La agenda de actividades incluyó un foro
de negocios organizado en conjunto con la
Embajada de México en Rusia y la Cámara de Comercio e Industria de los Urales.
El director de la nueva oficina de ProMéxico en Moscú, Jaime Eduardo Juárez
Arias, fue el orador principal. Luego de su
presentación “¿Cómo hacer negocios en
México?”, habló del potencial exportador
y de inversión que representa nuestro país
para Rusia.
Al evento asistieron representantes de
más de una decena de empresas mexicanas
de los sectores agroalimentario, de bebidas, farmacéutico y de productos del mar,
con el fin de conocer las oportunidades
que ofrece el mercado ruso y reunirse con
potenciales socios de la región.
Hoy en día, las relaciones entre ambos
países se desarrollan a un ritmo acelerado. Además de que se abren nuevas perspectivas para la cooperación, se fortalece
Mayo 2015
el diálogo político y económico entre los
respectivos gobiernos. En este año se tiene
previsto realizar una reunión de la comisión bilateral mixta y un posible intercambio de visitas de los ministros de relaciones
exteriores.
El comercio bilateral está ampliándose
de manera activa. Prestigiosas empresas
mexicanas, como Grupo Gruma y Nemak,
comenzaron a construir plantas en Rusia,
con una inversión inicial de cincuenta millones de dólares y ochenta millones de dólares, respectivamente. La estructura de la
balanza comercial se ha diversificado considerablemente. En la actualidad, las correspondientes autoridades analizan la intro-
63
ducción de herramientas que propicien la
posibilidad de exportar productos del mar,
lácteos y cárnicos de México a Rusia, además de dar seguimiento a la exportación
actual de vehículos ligeros, autopartes,
refacciones y bienes con valor agregado.
A lo anterior se suman los esfuerzos encaminados a desarrollar el potencial que representa la oferta mexicana de productos
agroalimentarios, como hortalizas y frutas
frescas, así como alimentos procesados y
congelados, junto con bebidas espirituosas
como el tequila y el mezcal, que incursionan exitosamente en el mercado ruso.
Como resultado de la reforma energética en México, se prevén perspectivas de cooperación rusa en materia de
generación de energía. Empresas de ese
país, como Gazprom Neft, Rosneft y Za-
foto
rubezhneft, han mostrado su interés por
colaborar con Pemex. Además, en enero
de 2014 se firmó un acuerdo de cooperación entre las empresas Lukoil y Pemex.
Dicho acuerdo propició –a inicios de
2015– la apertura de la oficina de representación de Lukoil Overseas, subsidiaria
de Lukoil en Holanda. Cabe mencionar
también que, a principios de 2013, la empresa mexicana Interjet adquirió veinte
aviones de la compañía rusa Sukhoi y,
posteriormente, complementó su flota
con la compra de otros diez jets.
En noviembre de 2014 se abrió en
Moscú la Oficina de Representación del
Consejo de Promoción Turística de México
(CPTM). Debido a la situación económica
en Rusia, el volumen de turistas de ese país
al extranjero disminuyó considerablemente
(hasta 50% en determinados destinos). En
consecuencia, se han adoptado medidas
para reducir los efectos negativos para el
turismo de Rusia en México.
Ambos países ocupan posiciones similares en programas internacionales de
cooperación y comparten la intención
de promover el diálogo sobre temas como
la eliminación de las armas nucleares, la
lucha contra la delincuencia organizada
y la participación en la reforma del Consejo de Seguridad de la Organización de
las Naciones Unidas, entre otros temas.
Recordemos que Rusia y México son actores globales con presencia en distintos
foros y organismos, como el G-20, el Foro
de Cooperación Económica Asia-Pacífico
(APEC) y el Arreglo de Wassenaar.
En lo que va de este año, la relación
bilateral se ha caracterizado por una activa participación conjunta. Durante los
últimos años se ha trabajado en el fortalecimiento de los lazos de entendimiento
y amistad, características invaluables para
el buen desarrollo de los dos países tanto
en el contexto nacional como en el global.
Por todo esto confiamos en que la
Oficina de ProMéxico en Moscú será un
puente para vincular las respectivas culturas, abrir nuevas oportunidades e impulsar
el gran potencial comercial y de inversión
que representa México para el mercado
ruso. N
www.promexico.gob.mx
archivo
Compromiso
sostenible
El sector minero está consciente de la importancia de conservar los recursos y
minimizar el impacto negativo de sus operaciones.
por óscar hernández
Las empresas mineras en México han incrementado sus inversiones para optimizar
el consumo de agua y energía, dos aspectos
críticos en cualquier industria. Para ello,
estas empresas desarrollan nuevas tecnologías, promueven la educación ambiental
y mantienen una estricta vigilancia para el
cumplimiento de la normatividad.
Agua
Además de que la calidad y cantidad del
agua afectan directamente la productividad minera, es indispensable asegurar la
disponibilidad, limpieza y seguridad de
este recurso para conservar la salud humana y el ambiente de las regiones donde
tienen lugar las operaciones.
Sector socialmente responsable
La industria minera se ha hecho acreedora a diversos reconocimientos:
• 39 grupos mineros cuentan con el distintivo de Empresa Socialmente
Responsable.
• 100 centros de trabajo operan de manera activa para obtener la certificación de
Industria Limpia. En 2013 lograron su cometido 79 centros.
• 4 grupos mineros forman parte del Índice IPC Sustentable de la Bolsa Mexicana
de Valores.
• 48 centros de trabajo cuentan con algún distintivo en los tres niveles de la
certificación de Empresa Segura.
• 109 centros de trabajo están incorporados al programa de Autogestión en
Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo de la STPS.
64
Mayo 2015
Mayo 2015
Las empresas afiliadas a la Cámara Minera de México (Camimex) respetan el derecho humano al agua y, mediante procesos
de eficiencia de clase mundial, optimizan
el consumo de los recursos hídricos y colaboran para garantizar a las comunidades
el acceso al líquido en condiciones seguras.
Energía
La industria minera mexicana –importante
productor a nivel mundial– asume el compromiso de mantenerse a la vanguardia en
lo relativo a ahorro de energía y generación de energías limpias para contribuir
a frenar el cambio climático. Al respecto,
opera conforme a los siguientes objetivos:
• Generar riqueza con bajo consumo de
carbono
• Usar energía de manera eficiente
• Ahorrar en electricidad y mejorar la
eficiencia en el uso de combustibles
• Disminuir significativamente las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero
Sustentabilidad
Las empresas afiliadas a la Camimex comparten la voluntad y la responsabilidad de
actuar y tomar decisiones conforme a las
mejores prácticas en materia de responsabilidad social, lo que implica cumplir con
los compromisos éticos, sociales, ambientales y económicos asumidos.
Los afiliados a la cámara trabajan con
universidades, centros de investigación,
organizaciones civiles, gobierno y organismos internacionales para desarrollar, avalar e implementar estrategias de beneficio
social y cuidado del medio ambiente en sus
operaciones. N
65
foto
Exploración de oportunidades
Se advierte un creciente interés en el sector minero de México entre las empresas
australianas de larga trayectoria y con tecnología y procesos sofisticados para la
exploración, detección, explotación y aprovechamiento de recursos mineros.
por rodolfo esaú garza de vega, consejero de melbourne, proméxico
La relación entre México y Australia se encuentra en uno de sus mejores momentos.
Actualmente se analizan áreas de complementariedad que podrían plasmarse en el
Acuerdo Transpacífico de Cooperación
Económica (TPP, por sus siglas en inglés).
Entre inversionistas de todo el mundo no pasa inadvertido
el hecho de que México se posiciona como el principal
destino latinoamericano y cuarto a escala mundial para
invertir en exploración.
66
Para ello, tanto el embajador de Australia
en México, Tim George, como su homólogo de México en Australia, Armando Álvarez, han venido desarrollando una intensa
agenda de promoción.
Entre inversionistas de todo el mundo
no pasa inadvertido el hecho de que México se posiciona como el principal destino
latinoamericano y cuarto a escala mundial
para invertir en exploración. El país es el
principal productor y exportador de plata
en el mundo, así como el segundo productor de florita y bismuto a nivel global. A nivel de Latinoamérica, además, es el segundo productor de oro y el tercero de cobre.
Sólo 25% del territorio nacional ha
sido explorado a detalle, por lo que hay
grandes oportunidades para desarrollar
nuevos proyectos. Y esto es precisamente
lo que interesa a las empresas australianas.
Por ejemplo, la importante minera australiana Rio Tinto adquirió una participación en el Proyecto Promontorio Copper
de Azure Minerals a finales de 2014, la
cual opera de manera exitosa y con atractivos planes de crecimiento.
En tanto, como complemento de sus
aspiraciones en la industria del petróleo y
el gas, la empresa BHP-Billiton externó su
interés en desarrollar proyectos de cobre a
gran escala en México.
Mayo 2015
Cabe resaltar que la industria minera
de Australia destaca por su amplia experiencia en la preservación del medio
ambiente y sus prácticas socialmente responsables en proyectos mineros, lo cual
no sólo agiliza la obtención de permisos,
sino que involucra de manera activa a las
comunidades locales y fomenta programas
que protegen el entorno.
Sólo 25% del territorio nacional ha sido explorado a
detalle, por lo que hay grandes oportunidades para
desarrollar nuevos proyectos. Y esto es precisamente lo que
interesa a las empresas australianas.
courtesy of orex proméxico
Australia en la industria
minera mexicana
archivo
Delegaciones de empresas australianas
han visitado México para identificar oportunidades en ámbitos tales como procesado de minerales, seguridad en las minas,
logística, planificación de minas, manejo
ambiental y capacitación técnica. México
también ha participado en eventos como
Latin America Down Under, donde la
Coordinación General de Minería de México y ProMéxico destacaron las ventajas que
ofrece México en el sector minero ante inversionistas y representantes de la industria.
Asimismo, se espera que diversas compañías australianas participen en la XXI
Convención Internacional de Minería, a
realizarse en Acapulco del 7 al 10 de octubre de este año.
Con el objetivo de fortalecer la relación
y agilizar la llegada de más proyectos de inversión de Australia a México, ProMexico
abrirá una oficina de representación en Melbourne a partir del próximo mes de julio. N
foto
www.promexico.gob.mx/es/mx/melbourne
Mayo 2015
67
foto
Infografía | Negocios ProMéxico
archivo
Minerales EN MÉXICO
¿PARA QUÉ SIRVEN?
Innovaciones que revolucionan
México figura entre los diez primeros productores de estos minerales
con cuyas aplicaciones no los asociamos por sus nombres, pero que se
encuentran en diversas industrias y objetos que utilizamos diariamente.
al sector minero
Posición de
Posición de
al
undi
al
undi
Posición de
nking
el ra m
Fluorita
Wollastonita
Tiene numerosas aplicaciones
comerciales, especialmente en
Se usa principalmente para producir ácido
fluorhídrico, material esencial en la fabricación
de criolita sintética, la cual se usa
Se aplica en pinturas y recubrimientos,
cerámica, metalurgia y
construcción, entre otras industrias.
para la fundición o producción
electrolítica de aluminio. Asimismo,
se utiliza en grandes cantidades para la
producción de esmalte y vidrio translúcido.
México en
Posición de
4
o
5o
al
undi
Cadmio
Molibdeno
Se utiliza en el chapado metálico de
aplicaciones de alta tensión, en ciertos filtros
de vidrio, en la fabricación de pigmentos y plásticos
y como catalizador químico. También se emplea en
galvanoplastia (como recubrimiento).
Se emplea en numerosas aleaciones para producir aceros
templados, mejorando su dureza y resistencia a las altas
temperaturas. Se utiliza también en la fabricación y construcción
de distintas herramientas y piezas que necesitan resistir la
corrosión. Es un metal esencial en la nutrición de las plantas; la
carencia de este elemento en el suelo puede volver la tierra poco fértil.
Posición de
8o
al
undi
al
undi
Posición de
México en
nking
el ra m
nking
el ra m
7o
Diatomita
Barita
Tiene múltiples aplicaciones: industria de la cerveza,
El principal uso de la barita se encuentra en la industria
petrolera, seguida por la industria de la pintura, donde se le
emplea como pigmento resistente a los ácidos. En la industria
automotriz reemplaza el asbesto como producto friccionante en
la fabricación de balatas para frenos. Y, debido a su alta
densidad, lo que le permite absorber la radiación, es el metal elegido
como protección en los cuartos de rayos X.
metales preciosos, vinos y separación de sólidos
ultramicroscópicos, entre otras. Posibilita una mayor
claridad en el líquido filtrado y un menor flujo. Se utiliza también
como material de revestimiento o relleno en plásticos, insecticidas,
fertilizantes, ladrillos, aislantes, cementos y muchos productos más.
Mayo 2015
En el caso de la cerámica, este metal reduce
considerablemente los tiempos del ciclo de
cocción, con el consecuente ahorro de energía y
la disminución de emisiones gaseosas.
México en
Posición de
En este último caso destaca como
componente para tratar gripes,
alergias y diarreas.
al
undi
cosmetología, producción
de pigmentos y medicina.
México en
Mayo 2015
3o
Bismuto
El método de lixiviación se renueva
Un equipo de investigadores del Departamento de Ingeniería de Procesos e Hidráulica de la Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM) propone una revisión del
método de lixiviación por tiourea. Con el
uso de un reactor electroquímico se puede
aprovechar la tiourea casi en su totalidad
gracias a su recirculación en el proceso. De
resultar esto positivo, habría toda una revolución para la industria, por tratarse de
un método sin cianuro para la obtención
de oro.
68
2
México en
o
nking
el ra m
Procesos con agua de mar
Ante la escasez de recursos hídricos, algunas compañías recurren a otras soluciones
para sus procesos. Tal es el caso de la empresa chilena Minera Centinela, que sólo
utiliza agua de mar sin desalar, la cual es
bombeada a través de un acueducto de
145 kilómetros de longitud. A la fecha, la
Válvulas inteligentes
Victaulic ha desarrollado diversos sistemas de tuberías y tecnologías de unión
para la minería. Es el caso de la Serie
725, diseñada para aplicaciones mineras
que requieran servicios abrasivos, como
el relleno en pasta. Tradicionalmente, los
operarios tenían que reinstalar manualmente el sistema de tuberías de relleno en
otras áreas de la mina, lo que implicaba
largas horas de trabajo y mantenimiento.
Con la nueva válvula de desvío Victaulic
Serie 725, la necesidad de reposicionar las
líneas de relleno de forma manual disminuye en hasta 50%. N
2
México en
o
nking
el ra m
Maquinaria autómata
El grupo minero Rio Tinto posee una flota
de transporte autónoma de 39 unidades
que recorren 3.9 millones de kilómetros
de extensión que poseen tres de sus minas
en Australia. Estas unidades, operadas de
manera individual, trabajan acarreando
minerales gracias a toda una infraestructura fija que, a su vez, está conectada a
sensores.
Cierres técnicos responsables
La operadora Cerro Negro, en Argentina,
cuenta con un plan completo de recuperación ambiental que permite rehabilitar las
zonas explotadas y asegurar la renovación
de las áreas verdes, además de evitar el
proceso de oxidación de la roca, beneficiando en forma directa a las comunidades
aledañas. Por medio de máquinas operadas por personal calificado, el suelo se rellena de tal manera que es posible sembrar
un bosque con árboles que crecerán de
manera natural y sana.
México en
nking
el ra m
Gracias a las materias primas que se
obtienen del sector minero, el mundo
ha visto grandes avances a través de la
creación de equipos médicos de última
generación, satélites, computadoras y
un largo etcétera que nos ha facilitado
la adaptación del ser humano a eso que
llamamos futuro. Concatenado a estas
mejoras, el sector se ha visto obligado
a innovar dentro de sus fronteras, logrando así una notable mejoría en sus
niveles de operación, al mismo tiempo
que garantiza tanto la protección de los
recursos naturales como salvaguardar el
capital humano.
A continuación el lector tendrá algunas de las innovaciones que están revolucionando el mercado en la actualidad.
Levantamiento tridimensional
La compañía austriaca 3G Software &
Measurement desarrolló para Geodata
Andina, de Chile, un sistema basado en la
técnica de visión por computadora. Esto
posibilita la generación de imágenes tridimensionales interactivas desde donde
se puede obtener información geométrica
para evaluar macizos rocosos.
nking
el ra m
por raquel rivas
minera está produciendo concentrado de
cobre utilizando únicamente este líquido.
al
undi
Los avances en el sector minero se han dado en ámbitos como la automatización,
la biotecnología, la seguridad o las tecnologías de la información.
69
foto
Infografía | Negocios ProMéxico
archivo
Panorama económico de China
Camimex
y su relación bilateral con México
en la cultura
Para que los niños conozcan la importancia de la minería y recreen la experiencia de trabajar en este sector, fundamental para
el desarrollo de la humanidad, la Cámara Minera de México (Camimex) apoya el montaje de exhibiciones y muestras en
diferentes museos del país.
por camimex
En 2013 fue inaugurado el pabellón recreativo Mina-Camimex
en el parque infantil Granja Las Américas. El objetivo es que
los niños y jóvenes se familiaricen con las operaciones mineras
y su compromiso con el ambiente y con las comunidades que
las rodean, así como su contribución económica, social y cultural para México. En 2014, este espacio –cuyo recorrido dura
aproximadamente veinte minutos– fue visitado por 131,124
personas, de las cuales 76% correspondieron a niños, a quienes
también se obsequiaron veinticinco mil cuadernos de minería.
El crecimiento de la economía China continuó durante 2013,
pues alcanzó una tasa de crecimiento de 7.7% respecto al
año anterior. El Fondo Monetario Internacional estima que este
crecimiento se mantendrá en torno al 7.4% en 2014, gracias a la
fuerte demanda interna.
Sus principales socios comerciales fueron EUA, Hong Kong, Japón,
Corea del Sur y Taiwán. Los productos que más importó fueron
aceites de petróleo o de material bituminoso, circuitos
integrados y microestructuras eléctricas, minerales de
hierro y automóviles de turismo.
El 60% de las exportaciones mexicanas enviadas a ese país
fueron manufacturas, principalmente automóviles de turismo,
minerales de cobre, aceites crudos de petróleo, teléfonos y
desperdicios y desechos de cobre.
En los últimos quince años, México ha captado inversiones
chinas por 286 millones de dólares, de las cuales 35% se
han concretado en los pasados dos años. Estas inversiones se
concentran principalmente en minería (34%), comercio (26%) y
manufactura (21%).
En 2013, el comercio bilateral de México con China superó los
67,788 millones de dólares (mdd), por lo que el país asiático se
colocó como el segundo socio comercial más importante de
México (cuarto como comprador, segundo como abastecedor).
Oportunidades de Negocios de México con China
Oportunidades de exportaciones
De acuerdo con la coincidencia entre la oferta exportable mexicana y la demanda de China, existen oportunidades para
incrementar las exportaciones de moluscos, pescado congelado y crustáceos. México puede competir bajo las mismas
condiciones arancelarias que países europeos, Argentina, Canadá, Ecuador y EUA. Algunos de estos productos son:
Productos de mar
• Atunes, listados y bonitos
• Harina de pescado
• Atún entero congelado
En febrero de 2015, en el Museo Centro Semilla se inauguró
un pabellón dedicado a la contribución de la industria minera en Chihuahua, estado que representa el tercer lugar en
producción de oro y plata en el ámbito nacional. La muestra
fue montada con la participación de la Camimex, el gobierno del estado y el Clúster Minero de Chihuahua. El principal objetivo es que los niños aprendan sobre la minería y
entiendan que el presente y futuro del hombre depende de
esta actividad, así como inculcar entre ellos el respeto por la
naturaleza y por el trabajo de los mineros.
Alimentos procesados. A diferencia de otros sectores, la industria de alimentos procesados
en China tiene un tamaño modesto (sólo aporta 1.2% de las exportaciones). China se
especializa en productos procesados, aunque tiene un nivel importante de exportaciones de
hortalizas y productos marinos.
• Cárnicos / Bovino
-Los demás despojos comestibles congelados
• Cárnicos / Porcino
- Pieles de cerdo enteras o en recortes, excepto el cuero precocido en trozos
- Carne de animales de la especie porcina, congelada
- Piernas, paletas, y sus trozos, sin deshuesar
Automotriz. China es el mayor fabricante de vehículos en el ámbito internacional.
Debido a lo anterior, diversas empresas comienzan a expandirse para abastecer a nuevos
mercados, como son el caso de Brasil y México.
Electrodomésticos. En 2013, China figuró como el principal productor de la industria de
electrodomésticos en el mundo, en gran medida debido a que la industria electrónica y
metalmecánica, necesarias para la fabricación de electrodomésticos, son fuertes en dicho país.
La Camimex autorizó una aportación de 750,000 pesos para
que, junto con el Papalote Museo del Niño de la ciudad de
Monterrey, se iniciaran los trabajos de instalación de una sala
especial sobre rocas, minerales y minería del estado de Nuevo
León. El proyecto se encuentra actualmente en proceso.
70
Mayo 2015
Empresas de China pueden encontrar en México excelentes oportunidades de inversión en los
segmentos fundición, maquinados, die casting, estampados y moldes y troqueles.
Mayo 2015
71
Negocios ProMéxico | Infografía
BREVES
México-China
Relación bilateral
LUGAR EN ECONOMÍA MUNDIAL
TASA DE CRECIMIENTO ANUAL
COMERCIO TOTAL CON MÉXICO
2°
7.4%
2°
COMPRADOR DE MÉXICO
ABASTECEDOR DE MÉXICO
POSICIÓN Inversión Extranjera Directa
EN MÉXICO
3°
2°
19°
Fuente: ProMéxico con información del Fondo Monetario Internacional, Banco de México y Secretaría de Economía
PRINCIPALES PRODUCTOS
EXPORTADOS POR MÉXICO A CHINA
PRINCIPALES PRODUCTOS IMPORTADOS
POR MÉXICO DESDE CHINA
Automóviles ligeros
27%
Teléfonos y aparatos de telecomunicación
Minerales de cobre y sus concentrados
17%
Partes de radios, televisiones y radares
8%
9%
Computadoras y sus unidades
8%
Aceites crudos de petróleo
8%
7%
Desperdicios y deshechos de cobre
5%
Partes de copiadoras, computadoras, impresoras
y calculadoras
Circuitos integrados y microestructuras eléctricas
4%
Partes y accesorios de vehículos
Otros
34%
Porcentaje de manufacturas
67%
12%
Otros
61%
Porcentaje de manufacturas
98%
INVERSIÓN DE CHINA EN MéXICO
(1999 – I Trim. 2015)
INVERSIÓN MEXICANA
EN CHINA
• Inversión: 379.3 mdd
• La inversión acumulada
(stock) de México en China
ascendió a 95 mdd en 2012.
• Sectores: Minería (97.3 mdd); comercio (86.4
mdd); industrias manufactureras (76.5 mdd);
servicios financieros (50.7 mdd); otros (68.4 mdd).
Fuente: ProMéxico
72
Mayo 2015
BREVES

The Mexican Mining indUsTry: More Than diaMonds

Transcripción

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