guia ingles - Liceo de Adultos " Luis Gómez Catalán
Transcripción
guia ingles - Liceo de Adultos " Luis Gómez Catalán
- 01 - (one) ENGLISH NOTES Student’s Name : ……………………………………………………………………………. School : ……………………………………………………………………………. Grade : ……………………………………………………………………………. Roll Number : ……………………………………………………………………………. Address : ……………………………………………………………………………. Phone : ……………………………………………………………………………. Teacher’s Name : Roberto Donoso Jorquera. “Teach them to their children” CONTENTS: PAGES 01._ Contents 02._ Review of Vocabulary 03._ Módulo I: “Labour” Unidad 1: “What I do for a living” Lesson 1: “A newspaper ad” 04._ Grammar Tips: “Must” and “Should” 05._ Unidad 1. Lesson 2: “Tips to write a Curriculum Vitae” 06._ Unidad 2. “Where I work” Lesson 1 : “A job description” 07._ Grammar Tips: “Have to” 08._ Grammar Tips: Verb “Can” 09._ Unidad 2. Lesson 2. “Two different experiences” 10._ Unidad 2. Lesson 3. “What happened to us” 11._ Unidad 3: “Labour Rights” Lesson 1: “ Much more than a….” 12._ Unidad 3. Lesson 2: “Discrimination” 13._ Módulo II: “Expanding Knowledge”. Unidad 1: “Technology and communications” Lesson 1: “Technology for seniors” 14._ Grammar tips: “Simple Present Tense” 15._ Unidad 2: “Science and Health”. Lesson 1: “A success story” 16._ Grammar Tips: Simple Past Tense” 17._ Unidad 2. Lesson 2: “Preventing HIV Infection” 18._ Grammar Tips: Verb to be (Present Tense) 19._ Unidad 3: “Entertainment” Lesson 1: “Let’s go out!” 20._ Unidad 3. Lesson 2: “Singing” 21._ Grammar Tips: “Conditional Tense” 22._ Unidad 3. Lesson 3: “Who’s the boss here?” 23._ Grammar Tips: “The Possessive Case (s’)” 24._ Unidad 3. Lesson 4: “Who do you believe?” 25._ Unidad 3. Lesson 5: “The crow and the water jar” 26._ General Vocabulary 01 02 06 09 14 18 23 28 31 36 40 44 48 57 61 66 71 76 79 81 84 88 92 95 99 103 Date : …………………………………………………………………………..02 (two) Review of Vocabulary related to: I. Some Professions and Occupations: 1) actress : ……………………...………. 14) nurse: ……………………………….. 2) architect: …………………………. 15) pilot: ………………………………… 3) carpenter: …………………………… 16) policeman: …………………………... 4) clerk: ……………………………….. 17) policewoman: ………………………. 5) cook: ……………………………….. 18) secretary: …………………………… 6) craftsman: ………………………….. 19) singer: ………………………………. 7) dentist: ……………………………… 20) student: ……………………………... 8) doctor: ……………………………… 21) teacher: …………………………….. 9) engineer: ……………………………. 22) telephonist: ………………………… 10) football player: …………………….. 23) waiter: ……………………………… 11) hairdresser: …………………………. 24) waitress: ……………………………. 12) journalist : ………………………….. 25) watchman: ………………………….. 13) mason: ……………………………… 26) workman: …………………………... II. Words used in Computation: 1) CD (Compact Disc) 2) CPU (Central Processing Unit) 3) PC (Personal Computer) 4) WWW(World WideWeb) 5) e-mail 6) Internet 7) Keyboard 8) Mouse 9) Password 10) Screen 11) Website 12) Window 13) Facebook 14) Pendrive 15) Twitter : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : …………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………. Proverb: “Pay attention to your teacher and learn all you can” ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………..03 (three) Date : III. Numbers 0 : zero –oh- 11 : eleven 1 : one 12 : twelve 2 : two 13 : thirteen 3 : three 14 : fourteen 4 : four 15 : fifteen 5 : five 16 : sixteen 6 : six 17 : seventeen 7 : seven 18 : eighteen 8 : eight 19 : nineteen 9 : nine 20 : twenty 10 : ten In tens: Por decenas Escriba en inglés 10 : ten 21 : twenty one 20 : twenty 22 : ……………………………………………….. 30 : thirty 33 : ……………………………………………….. 40 : forty 44 : ……………………………………………….. 50 : fifty 55 : ……………………………………………….. 60 : sixty 66 : ……………………………………………….. 70 : seventy 77 : ……………………………………………….. 80 : eighty 88 : ……………………………………………….. 90 : ninety 99 : ……………………………………………….. 100 : one hundred Escriba en inglés lo que falta. 101 : one hundred and one 1000 : one thousand 150 : …………………………………… 2000 :………………………………………………….. 199 : ……………………………………. 2005 : two thousand and five 200 : two hundred 2013 : ………………………………..…………. 500 : …………………………………….. 2018 : …………………………………….…….. 900 : …………………………………… 9000 : …………………………………….…….. 999 : ……………………………………. 9999 : …………………………………………… Proverb : “Don´t try to talk sense to a fool; he can´t appreciate it” ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………..04 (four) Date : IV. Parts of the Human Body 1) head 2) hair 3) face 4) eyes 5) ears 6) nose 7) mouth 8) tooth 9) teeth 10) neck V. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) VI. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) : : : : : : : : : : …………………………… …………………………… …………………………… …………………………… …………………………… …………………………… …………………………… …………………………… …………………………… …………………………… 11) shoulders: 12) trunk : 13) arms : 14) hands : 15) fingers: 16) back : 17) legs : 18) foot : 19) feet : 20) toes : …………………………… …………………………… …………………………… …………………………… …………………………… …………………………… …………………………… …………………………… …………………………… …………………………… Colors black blue brown gray green orange pink purple red : : : : : : : : : …………………………… …………………………… …………………………… …………………………… …………………………… …………………………… …………………………… …………………………… …………………………… 10) sky-blue: 11) violet : 12) white : 13) yellow : 14) light brown: 15) dark brown: 16) light green: 17) dark green: 18) dark violet: …………………………… …………………………… …………………………… …………………………… …………………………… …………………………… …………………………… …………………………… …………………………… 7) What color?: 8) What time? : 9) How? : 10) How many? : 11) How much? : 12) How old?: …………………………… …………………………… …………………………… …………………………… …………………………… …………………………… Question Words What? : When? : Where?: Which?: Who? : Why? : …………………………… …………………………… …………………………… …………………………… …………………………… …………………………… Proverb: “Put your investments in several places – many places, in fact- because you never know what kind of bad luck you are going to have in this world” ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Date …………………………………………………………………………..05 (five) : Exercises related to the review of vocabulary. I. Escriba la palabra para completar la oración: hair – mouth – fingers – eyes - ears – hands – feet – teeth – nose - body 1) The football player makes goals with his ………………………….. . 2) The cook smells the food with her ……………………………. . 3) The policeman controls the traffic with his ………………………….. . 4) The secretary types in the computer with her …………………………. . 5) The singer sings songs with his ………………………………. . 6) The dentist fixes the …………………………….. . 7) The hairdresser cuts the ………………………….. . 8) The telephonist listens to customers with her ……………………………. . 9) The actress expresses feelings with her ……………………………….. . 10) The journalist reads the articles with his ………………………………. . II. Combine ambas columnas formando el par correspondiente: Pregunta - Respuesta Column A Column B 1) What is your name? ............... They are brown and black. 2) Where is Jenny from? ............... At eleven thirty. 3) How are you today? ............... My name´s James. 4) Which music do you like? ............... It´s black and gray. 5) Who is that man? ............... Because of the gift. 6) What color are the boots? ............... She´s from England. 7) How old is Benny? ............... I´m fine, thank you. 8) What time is it? ............... It’s a quarter to seven. 9) When are you leaving? ............... She´s Mrs. Sullivan. 10) Why are you happy? ............... He´s thirteen years old. ............... I like rock and roll. ............... He´s my doctor. Proverb: “Don´t make friends with people who have hot, violent tempers. You might learn their habits and not be able to change”. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Date : …………………………………………………………………………..06 (six) Módulo I: Unidad 1: Lesson 1: “Labor” “What I do for a living” “A newspaper ad” “AD” es una abreviación de “advertisement” y se refiere a anuncios en los periódicos u otro medio. Existen anuncios de diversos tipos. Por ejemplo, los avisos económicos, los avisos clasificados, los anuncios de empleos, etc. Exercise 1: Piense y responda en castellano. Puede apoyarse con el vocabulario. a) ¿Qué significan las palabras subrayadas? You must arrive at 9:00. : ...…………………………………………………………… The letter is addressed to Mrs. Morales : ...…………………………………………………………… He´s going to travel for two weeks : ...…………………………………………………………… b) Las palabras muchas veces tienen más de un significado, ¿conoce usted otros significados para las palabras “to” y “for”? Examples: I. To = a, hacia, hasta, (con la hora) para las, con, contra, para. 1) We´re going to a concert. : ...……………………………………………………… 2) The labour party has moved to the right. : ...……………………………………………………… 3) She can count to 10. : ...……………………………………………………… Proverb: “A lazy person is as bad as someone who is destructive”. : ...……………………………………………………………………………………………………… Date : ...………………………………………………………07 (seven) 3) She can count up to 10 : ...…………………..………………………………………………… 4) It´s a quarter to five ...…………………..………………………………………………… : 5) You´ve been very kind to us: ...…………………..………………………………………………… 6) He put his ear to the wall: ...…………………..………………………………………………… 7) To my surprise, it was empty: ...…………………..………………………………………………… 8) I worked overtime to earn some extra money: ...…………………..………………………………… II. For: para, por, a causa de, durante, a favor de, a pesar de, de. 1. It´s a present for you : ...…………………..………………………………………………… 2. Do it for me : ...…………………..………………………………………………… 3. I couldn´t sleep for the noise : ...…………………..………………………………………………… 4. This is a campaign for peace : ...…………………..………………………………………………… 5. I still love her, for all her faults: ...…………………..……………………………………………… 6. What do they use for fuel? : ...…………………..………………………………………………… 7. Red for danger : ...…………………..………………………………………………… Lea atentamente el siguiente texto: Exercise 2: Encierre en un círculo la alternativa correcta de acuerdo al texto. Justifique sus respuestas en castellano. ¿Qué tipo de texto es? Justification a) A job advertisement ………………………………………………… b) A tourist leaflet ………………………………………………... c) A hotel advertisement ………………………………………………... Proverb: “Your will to live can sustain you when you are sick, but if you lose it; your last hope is gone.” ............................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................................... Date : ...…………………..………………………………………………… 08 (eight) ¿Cuál es el propósito del texto? a) To offer a job Justification ...…………………..…………………………………………… b) To ask for a job ...…………………..…………………………………………… c) To promote a hotel ...…………………..…………………………………………… Exercise N° 3: Responda a las siguientes preguntas en inglés, de acuerdo al texto. a) What´s the name of the hotel? ...…………………..…………………………………………… b) What are they looking for? ...…………………..…………………………………………… c) What do you need to get the job? ...…………………..…………………………………………… d) How long does the job last? ...…………………..…………………………………………… e) How do people apply? ...…………………..…………………………………………… Exercise N° 4: Diseñe un aviso de empleo en inglés buscando un cocinero en un hotel. Proverb: “No one is respected unless he is humble; arrogant people are on the way to ruin” ............................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................................... Date : ...…………………..………………………………………………… 09 (nine) GRAMMAR TIPS ¿Cuándo y cómo se usan los verbos auxiliaries modales “must” y “should”? Se usa “must” para expresar que es absolutamente necesario hacer algo. Example: You must be on time! : ...…………………..…………………………………………… “Must” solo se usa en el presente. Se usa “should” para expresar una sugerencia o hacer una recomendación. Example: We should use public buses instead of cars: ...…………………..…………………………………………… La forma negativa “must not” (mustn´t) se usa por el contrario, para expresar que una acción no está permitida. Example: You mustn´t be late anymore!: ...…………………..…………………………………………… La forma negativa “should not” (shouldn´t) se usa para sugerir que algo no se haga. Example: You shouldn´t eat junk food!: ...…………………..………………………………………………… Exercise N°5: De un consejo para las siguientes situaciones usando SHOULD o MUST. Example: My older sister snores and it´s impossible for me to sleep. You should sleep in another place. a) Pedro is writing a composition and he doesn´t know how to spell a word. ...…………………..……………………………………………………………….. Él debería buscar un diccionario. b) I don´t feel good. I think I´m catching a cold. ...…………………..………………………………………………………………… Tú deberías tomar alguna aspirina y (tú) debes usar ropas cálidas. Proverb: “Intelligent people are always eager and ready to learn” ...…………………..……………………….…………………………………………….. ...…………………..………………………………………………… 10 (ten) Date : c) José can´t see the blackboard when he sits in the back room. ...…………………..………………………………………………… Él no debería sentarse al fondo de la sala. Estructura de “Should” Sujeto I You He/she/it We They + should should should should should should + Infinitivo sin “to” work harder study more eat less exercise more drink more water Estructura de “Must” Sujeto I You He/she/it We They Exercise N°6: + must must must must must must + Infinitivo sin “to” do something use a dictionary go to school call our friends write clearly Translate into Spanish 1. You should study more : ...…………………..………………………………………………… 2. They should play ...…………………..………………………………………………… : 3. If it´s rainy you should take an umbrella: ...………..………………..………………………………… ………………………………………………… 4. Tom shouldn´t eat so many sweets. It´s bad for his teeth: ..………………..…………………………… ………………………………………………… 5. If I have a sore throat I should drink hot tea: ..………………..…………………………… ………………………………………………… 6. They have a test tomorrow. They shouldn´t go to the cinema. They should stay at home and study! ...…………………..…………………………….……………………………………………….. Proverb: “A gentle answer quietens anger, but a harsh one stirs it up” ...…………………..…………………………………………………………………………. Date : ...………………….…………….………………………………………………. 11 (eleven) 7. Children should eat lots of vegetables but they shouldn´t eat lots of sweets. ...…………………..…………………………….………………………………………………. 8. I have a party tonight. What should I wear? A dress or a pair of trousers? ...…………………..…………………………….………………………………………………. 9. The doctor said: “You should eat healthy food. You shouldn´t eat fast food. You shouldn’t watch so much T.V. You should walk one hour a day. You should drink fruit juice and water. You shouldn´t drink wine or beer”. ...…………………..…………………………….………………………………………………. ...…………………..…………………………….………………………………………………. ...…………………..…………………………….………………………………………………. ...…………………..…………………………….………………………………………………. Exercise N°7: Make sentences giving advice to these people. Use “should”. Underline the correct sentence, then translate them. he should drink hot tea 1) He has a headache so he should take some aspirin he should put on a band aid ...…………………..…………………………….………………………………………………. he should take some medicine 2) He has a stomachache so he should drink a milk shake he should have a bath ...…………………..…………………………….………………………………………………. he should call the doctor 3) He has a temperature so he should drink tea with honey he should wear a plaster ...…………………..…………………………….………………………………………………. “When wise people speak, they make knowledge attractive, but stupid people spout nonsense”. ...…………………..…………………………….……………………………………………… ...……………………..…………………………….…………………………………………… Proverb: Date : ...…………………..…………………………….………………………12 (twelve) he should put on a band aid 4) He has a runny noise so he should have a cold shower he should drink tea with honey and take some aspirin ...…………………..…………………………….………………………………………………. he should wash and put on a band aid he should go to the doctor´s he should take some aspirin ...…………………..…………………………….………………………………………………. 5) He has a cut so Exercise N°8: Complete los espacios en blanco con “should” o “shouldn´t” más la forma infinitiva de algunos de los siguientes verbos: see- take (twice) – drive (twice) – clean – stay – go – spend – smoke – drink – practice. Luego, tradúzcalas. 1) My back hurts … “You ………………. ………………… to the doctor”. ...…………………..…………………………….………………………………………………. 2) I´ve got a toothache… “You ………………. …………………a dentist as soon as possible”. ...…………………..…………………………….………………………………………………. 3) This room is so untidy… “You __________ ___________ it a little bit”. ...…………………..…………………………….………………………………………………. 4) You think it is a good job so you say to that person… “You ………………. …………that job”. ...…………………..…………………………….………………………………………………. 5) The speed limit is 50 and he is driving at 80. You say to your friend “You ………………. ………………… so fast”. ...…………………..…………………………….………………………………………………. 6) Your friend has a bad cold and he wants to go out. You advise to him “You ………………. ………………… at home tonight” ...…………………..…………………………….………………………………………………. 7) Charly usually spends all his money in the casino. Give him advice… “Charly, you………….. ………………. ………………… all your money in the casino. ...…………………..…………………………….………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Proverb: “Kind words bring life, but cruel words crush your spirit”. ...…………………..…………………………….………………………………………………. ...…………………..…………………………….………………………13 (thirteen) Date : 8) I´ve got a terrible headache… “You ………………. ………………… an aspirin”. ...…………………..…………………………….………………………………………………. 9) Paul smokes a lot, so you advise him. “Paul, you ………………. ………………… less”. ...…………………..…………………………….………………………………………………. 10) Your friend drives without a seat belt. Give him advice about it. “You ………………. …………… without a seat belt. It´s dangerous”. ...…………………..…………………………….………………………………………………. 11) Max is going to visit England next month. Advise him to practice a bit of English. “You ………………. ………………… your English a bit”. ...…………………..…………………………….………………………………………………. 12) Your friend has to stop drinking alcohol. Advise him to do something about it. “You ………………. ………………… so much alcohol” ...…………………..…………………………….………………………………………………. Exercise N°9: Complete las siguientes oraciones con sus propias palabras en inglés. Justifique sus respuestas en castellano. Example: People must not smoke in public places. Jutificación: La gente no debe fumar en lugares públicos porque atenta contra otras personas. 1) Students must …..…………………………….………………………………………………….. Justificación: …..…………………………….…………………………………………………… 2) Bosses must not …..…………………………….………………………………………………… Justificación: …..…………………………….…………………………………………………… 3) Drivers should …..…………………………….………………………………………………….. Justificación: …..…………………………….…………………………………………………… 4) Parents should not …..…………………………….……………………………………………… Justificación: …..…………………………….……………………………….………………….. Proverb: “Honest people are safe and secure, but the dishonest will be caught” …..…………………………….……………………………………………… Date : …..…………………………….………………………………………………14 (fourteen) Unidad 1: “What I do for a living” Lesson 2: “Tips to write a Curriculum Vitae” Exercise N° 10: Piense y responda en castellano. a) ¿Ha postulado alguna vez a un trabajo? ¿Cómo lo hizo? ¿Qué tuvo que hacer? …..…………………………….…………………………………………………..…………………… ……….………………………………………………………………………………………………… b) ¿Ha escrito su Currículum Vitae? ¿Qué datos incluyó cuando lo hizo? …..…………………………….…………………………………………………..…………………… ……….………………………………………………………………………………………………… Exercise N° 11: Busque en el diccionario el significado de las siguientes palabras: : …………………………………………… b) employment : …………………………………………… c) employee : …………………………………………… d) employer : …………………………………………… e) unemployment: …………………………………………… f) rough draft : …………………………………………… g) print : …………………………………………… h) passport size : …………………………………………… i) advisable : …………………………………………… j) spell – check : …………………………………………… a) employ Proverb: “It is foolish to ignore what your father taught you; it is wise to accept his correction” ………………………………………………………………………………........................………… Date : …..…………………………….………………………………………………15 (fifteen) Lea atentamente el siguiente texto: The first thing you must remember is that a Curriculum Vitae is a serious document. The possible employers expect to find a CV written in a specific manner. They expect it to follow certain predetermined form. It must be easy to read and be organized logically. There are different types of Curriculum Vitae and all of them contain more or less the same information (personal details, studies, complementary courses, languages, skills, job experience, and other pertinent information). Follow the advice and suggestions below and you are going to produce an effective CV: Always produce a rough draft of your CV. You must print the information. Your CV should not exceed 2 pages in length. Including a passport size photo is not obligatory, but is advisable. It should be presented in a clear and organized manner. Double spell–check your CV. Avoid complicated sentences. Simple sentences are best. Never sign your CV. It is not required. Never take things for granted. Explain everything in a clear and concise manner. You must include a letter of introduction with your CV, especially if you are not delivering it by hand. Proverb: “Conceited people do not like to be corrected; they never ask for advice from those who are wiser” ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………....… Date : ……………………………………………..............................................16 (sixteen) Exercise N° 12: Traduzca el texto anterior. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Exercise N°13: Piense y responda en castellano. ¿Cuál es el propósito del texto? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Exercise N°14: Lea el texto nuevamente y complete las siguientes oraciones en inglés. a) A Curriculum Vitae is a………………………………………………………………………………. b) A Curriculum Vitae should……………………………………………………………………………. c) A Curriculum Vitae must be …………………………………………………………………………. Proverb: “When people are happy, they smile, but when they are sad, they look depressed” ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Date : ……………………………………………................................ 17(seventeen) Exercise N° 15: Lea nuevamente el texto y complete el cuadro en inglés. How to write a CV DO DON´TS write a draft Exercise N° 16: Escriba y diseñe su propio CV en inglés. Puede utilizar las siguientes secciones. CURRICULUM VITAE PERSONAL DETAILS Full name : _____________________________________________________ Age : _____________________________________________________ Date of birth : _____________________________________________________ Nationality : _____________________________________________________ Address : _____________________________________________________ Telephone number : _____________________________________________________ E-mail address : _____________________________________________________ STUDIES: COMPLEMENTARY COURSES : __________________________________________ LANGUAGE : __________________________________________ SKILLS : __________________________________________ WORK EXPERIENCE : __________________________________________ OTHER INFORMATION : __________________________________________ Proverb: “Intelligent people want to learn, but stupid people are satisfied with ignorance” ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Date : ……………………………………………....................................... 18 (eighteen) Unidad 2:”Where I work” Lesson 1: “A job description” “En todos los espacios en que nos desenvolvemos, las personas tenemos deberes y responsabilidades, aún cuando éstos no estén formalmente expresados o claramente establecidos” Exercise N°17: Piense y responda en castellano. 1) ¿Conoce usted cuáles son sus deberes y responsabilidades como estudiante de este programa? ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 2) ¿Están escritos esos deberes y responsabilidades en alguna parte? ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3) ¿Cumple usted con ellos? SI / No ¿Por qué? ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Exercise N°18: Example: Encuentre en el texto palabras en inglés que se refieren a personas. Escriba la palabra equivalente en castellano. clients : clientes 1) …………………… : público 2) staff ………………………….. : 3) …………………….. : visitas 4) individuals ………………………….. : 5) ……………………. : Proverb: recepcionista “The life of the poor is a constant struggle, but happy people always enjoy life” ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Date : ……………………………………………………………………. 19 (nineteen) Lea atentamente el siguiente texto: Job Title: Department: inquiry = pregunta. To assess = evaluar, valorar Receptionist Supervising ESSENTIAL DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES You have to respond to inquiries from clients and public. You have to assess needs of clients and transfer calls to the appropriate individuals, divisions or department. You have to take and make calls for the staff. You have to greet visitors to the company, answer questions and direct them to the appropriate individuals. You have to type a variety of forms, letters, reports and memos. You have to receive and distribute mail. You have to organize and maintain office files and records. QUALIFICATIONS To perform this job successfully, you must be able to perform each essential duty satisfactorily. EDUCATION You have to have a high school diploma with courses in typing and general office procedure or an acceptable combination of education and experience. Also you need to be skillful in operating a typewriter or word processor, plus good oral communications skills. LANGUAGE SKILLS You need the ability to read and comprehend simple instructions, short correspondence, and memos. Also the ability to write simple correspondence is needed. Proverb: “Better to eat vegetable with people you love than to eat the finest meat where there is hate”. ………………….………………………………………………………………………………………. Date : …………………………………………………………………….20 (twenty) MATHEMATICAL SKILLS You need the ability to add, subtract, multiply and divide in all units of measure, using whole numbers, common fractions, and decimals. WORK ENVIRONMENT There are usually normal office working conditions. The noise level in the work environment is usually quiet. Exercise 19: Translate the text into Spanish. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Proverb: “Hot tempers, cause arguments, but patience brings peace” ………………………………………………………………………………………… Date : ……………………………………………………………………. 21 (twenty one) Exercise N° 20: Lea el texto y responda en castellano. 1) ¿Qué tiene que hacer un o una recepcionista en esa empresa? Mencione tres funciones. a) …………………………………………………………………………………………………. b) …………………………………………………………………………………………………. c) …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 2) ¿Qué estudios son necesarios para trabajar como recepcionista en esa empresa? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3) ¿Qué habilidades generales se necesitan para ese puesto? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4) ¿Cómo es el ambiente de trabajo en esa empresa? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Exercise N° 21: Escriba palabras en inglés para las siguientes categorías. PEOPLE Proverb: DOCUMENTS ARITHMETIC “If you are lazy, you will meet difficulty everywhere, but if you are honest, you will have no trouble” ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………. Date …………………………………………………………………….22 (twenty two) : Exercise N° 22: Complete el cuadro escribiendo en inglés las habilidades requeridas. Language skills Mathematical skills Other skills Read and comprehend simple instructions. Exercise N° 23: a) Adittion ____ : b) Subtraction ____ X c) Multiplication ____ d) Division ____ – e) A whole number ____ 0,14 f) A fraction ____ ½ g) A decimal number ____ 114 Exercise N° 24: Example: Proverb: Relacione los conceptos con los símbolos correspondientes: + Escriba una palabra apropiada en inglés que acompañe a cada verbo. Puede haber varias opciones. Type letters a) Greet ………………………………………. b) Organize ………………………………………. c) Receive ………………………………………. d) Make ………………………………………. e) Write ………………………………………. f) Read ………………………………………. g) Answer ………………………………………. “Stupid people are happy whit their foolishness, but the wise will do what is right” ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. Date : …………………………………………………………………….23 (twenty three) GRAMMAR TIPS Cuándo y cómo usar la forma “have to”. Se usa la forma “have to” para expresar que es necesario hacer algo, que hay una obligación de realizar algo. En general se usa para reglas u otro tipo de obligaciones. PRESENT (Affirmative) I work from Monday to Friday have to You pay for it He wait for his sister She has to help her brother It be careful We finish the report today You have to They go home now do it again 1) Tengo que trabajar de Lunes a Viernes 2) Tienes que pagar por esto 3) ……………………………………………………………………….. 4) ………………………………………………………………………. 5) ………………………………………………………………………. 6) ……………………………………………………………………….. 7) ………………………………………………………………………. 8) ……………………………………………………………………….. PRESENT (Interrogative) I Do You He Does She have to…? It We Do You they Proverb: PRESENT (Negative) I You He She It We You They don´t doesn´t have to… don´t “Get all the advice you can, and you will succeed; without it you will fail” …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Date …………………………………………………………………….24 (twenty four) : PAST (Affirmative) I wash the dishes last night. You stay at home yesterday. He sweep the floor last week. She had to It clean the window last Saturday. be careful. We stay indoors. You cook a delicious dinner last night. They help their mother last week-end. 1) Tuve que lavar los platos anoche. 2) Tuviste que permanecer en casa ayer 3) ………………………………………………………………………. 4) ………………………………………………………………………. 5) ………………………………………………………………………. 6) ………………………………………………………………………. 7) ………………………………………………………………………. 8) ………………………………………………………………………. PAST (Interrogative) I Did PAST (Negative) I you You he He have to…? she She it It we We you You they They didn´t have to… Abreviación: did not: didn´t Proverb: “What a joy it is to find just the right word for the right occasion!” ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Date : …………………………………………………………………….25 (twenty five) FUTURE (Affirmative) I will/shall do some shopping tomorrow You will finish your homework tomorrow morning He will leave school next year She will It will We will / shall You will go to school tomorrow They will start work soon have to help her mother on Saturday be careful buy another ball tomorrow 1) Tendré que hacer algunas compras mañana. 2) Tendrás que terminar tu tarea mañana por la mañana. 3) …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4) …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5) …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 6) …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 7) …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 8) …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Abreviaciones: Es común en la conversación abreviar tanto “shall” como “will” a la forma “´ ll”, lo que borra la diferenciación entre ambas formas en frases afirmativas. FUTURE (Interrogative) Shall/Will I I FUTURE (Negative) shan´t /won´t Will you You won´t Will he He won´t Will she She won´t Will it It won´t Shall/Will we We shan´t /won´t Will you You won´t Will they They won´t Abreviaciones: Proverb: have to…? shall not: shan´t / will not: have to… won´t “Good people think before they answer. Evil people have a quick reply, but it causes trouble”. …………………………………………..……………………………………………………… …………………………………………..……………………………………………………… Date : …………………………………………………………………….26 (twenty six) Exercise N° 25: Example: Change the sentences using “have to” or “has to”. Then, translate them. I must go now. Debo ir ahora I have to go now. Tengo que ir ahora She must do it Ella debe hacerlo She has to do it. Ella tiene que hacerlo 1) I must go home now. ----------------------------------- ……………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………… 2) He must stop now. ----------------------------------- ……………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………… 3) She must do it again. ----------------------------------- ……………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………… 4) They must wait. ----------------------------------- ……………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………… 5) You must pay . ----------------------------------- ……………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………… 6) He must clean the board. ----------------------------------- ……………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………… 7) She must do her homework. ----------------------------------- ……………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………… Exercise N°26: Subraya los indicadores de tiempo y usa “have to” en el tiempo correcto con el verbo dado entre paréntesis. 1) Mary ……………………. to the dentist yesterday. (go) 2) Mrs. Weston …………………….new shoes for her children next week. (buy) 3) We ……………………………. home yesterday. (walk) 4) I ……………………………… ten kilometres everyday. (travel) 5) They ………………………….. a lot last week. (work) 6) I ………………………………. some work tomorrow. (do) 7) We …………………………….. to downtown soon. (go) Proverb: “Smiling faces make you happy, and good news make you feel better”. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. Date : ……………………………………………………………………. 27 (twenty seven) Exercise N° 27: Make 10 sentences. Then translate them. have to help my mother I shall have to do some work go to downtown had to now today immediately tomorrow next week soon yesterday last week a few days ago 1) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 6) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 7) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 8) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 9) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 10) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Proverb: “If you pay attention when you are corrected, you are wise”. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Date : ……………………………………………………………………. 28 (twenty eight) GRAMMAR TIPS Cuándo y cómo usar el verbo “can”. Podemos usar “can” para expresar capacidad o posibilidad. El verbo “can” no tiene infinitivo (no existe “to can”); tan solo tiene presente (“can”) y pasado (“could”). Para construir el futuro se utiliza la combinación “to be able” (ser capaz) en su forma futura. Examples: I can listen to music : Yo puedo escuchar música. I could listen to music : Yo podía escuchar música. I will be able to listen to music : Yo podré escuchar música. La forma negativa de “can” en presente es “can not” (o su forma abreviada “can´t) y en pasado “could not” (o su forma abreviada “couldn´t”). En las frases interrogativas “can” se coloca al comienzo de la interrogación. “Can” (Affirmative) I can play the guitar. : Yo puedo tocar la guitarra. You can use the computer. : Tú puedes usar una computadora. He can add and subtract. : …………………………………………………. She can typewrite very fast. : …………………………………………………. It can bite you. : …………………………………………………. We can organize a party. : …………………………………………………. You can help other people. : …………………………………………………. They can write their own stories. : …………………………………………………. We can use Excel. : …………………………………………………. I can multiply and divide. : …………………………………………………. Proverb: “If you refuse to learn, you are hurting yourself. If you accept correction, you will become wiser” ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Date : …………………………………………………………………….29 (twenty nine) “Can” (Interrogative) Can I help you? : ¿Puedo ayudarte? Can you come with us? : ¿Puedes venir con nosotros? Can he speak English? : ………………………………………………………. Can she cook and sew? : ………………………………………………………. Can it fly? : ………………………………………………………. Can we see the birds flying? : ………………………………………………………. Can you come to my birthday party? : ………………………………………………………. Can they look after the children for us? : ………………………………………………………. I can´t drive a truck : Yo no puedo conducir un camión. You can´t design a ppt presentation : Tú no puedes diseñar una presentación en ppt. He can´t go to the party : ………………………………………………………. She can´t fly : ………………………………………………………. It can´t swim : ………………………………………………………. We can´t draw anything : ………………………………………………………. You can´t help me : ………………………………………………………. They can´t play the piano : ………………………………………………………. “Can” (Negative) ppt: power point Respuestas afirmativas y negativas abreviadas con el verbo modal “can”. Short Answers with “Can”. Examples: 1) Can you type? 2) Can he dance? 3) Can they speak English Exercise N° 28: Yes, I can / No, I can´t. Yes, he can / No, he can´t. Yes, they can / No, they can´t. Answer in English using “Short Answer”. Translate only the questions. 1) Can you ski? No, ………..………. ………………………………… Proverb: “We may make our plans, but God has the last word” …………………………………………………………………………………………. Date : …………………………………………………………………….30 (thirty) 2) Can Tom play the piano? Yes, ………………………………………………………………. 3) Can Susan play tennis? Yes, ………………………………………………………………… 4) Can you help me with my homework? Yes, …………………………………………………. 5) Can Miss Stevens teach my daughter to dance? No, ………………………………………… 6) Can you give me a hand? Yes, ………………………………………………………………. 7) Can you lend me five thousand pesos? No, ………………………………………………… 8) Can the children watch television now? No, ………………………………………………… 9) Can Mr. Parker work in a bank? Yes, …………………………………………………………. 10) Can you send me the newspaper? Yes, ……………………………………………………… Just for kidding The boss came early in the morning one day and found an employee kissing his secretary. He shouted at him: “Is this what I pay you for?”. The employee replied:”No, sir. This I do free of charge”. Exercise N°29: Translate this. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Proverb:” It is better to have a little, honestly earned, than to have a large income gained dishonestly”. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Date : ………………..………………………………………………….31 (thirty one) Unidad 2: “Where I work” Lesson 2: “Two different experiences” Exercise N° 30: Example: Anota en inglés palabras relacionadas con “trabajo”. sueldo = salary 1) patrón: ……………………..………………. 8) colación: …………………………………… 2) empleado: ………………….……………… 9) liquidación: ………………………………… 3) empleador: ………………………………… 10) puesto: ……………………………………… 4) imposiciones: ……………………………… 11) ascenso: ……………………………………. 5) contrato: …………………………………… 12) huelga: ……………………………………… 6) sindicato: …………………………………... 13) jubilación: ………………………………….. 7) horas extras: ……………………………….. 14) despido: ……………………………………. Exercise N° 31: Example: Escriba en castellano puestos o cargos en un lugar de trabajo. supervisor : supervisor(a) 1) coordinator : ………………………………………… 2) sales manager : ………………………………………… 3) secretary : ………………………………………… 4) recepcionist : ……………………………………….... 5) manager : ………………………………………… 6) personal manager : ………………………………………… 7) employee : ………………………………………… 8) employer : ………………………………………… 9) director of house keeping : ………………………………………… 10) director of operations : ………………………………………… 11) assistant : ………………………………………… 12) administrative assistant : ………………………………………… 13) workman : ………………………………………… 14) boss : ………………………………………… Proverb: “It is better – much better – to have wisdom and knowledge than gold and silver” ……….………………………………………………………………………………………………… Date : …………………………………………………………………….32 (thirty two) Lea atentamente el siguiente texto. Mr. Fábregas was born in Osorno. When he was a little boy, at the age of 8 his family moved to Arica to seek a better life. He went to High School and graduated with good grades. Then, he learned English in a language institute and started working as host/bus person for a travel agency. Arica is a touristic city so there is a lot of work in this field! But being on the road was a big effort. He decided then to find a job somewhere else. He started working in a large hotel where he has been for his last 15 years. During these years, he held several positions. He started as a waiter and then went up the ladder: front desk agent supervisor, assistant front office manager, nightmanager, front desk manager, director of house keeping, director of rooms and at present, director of operations. He says: I have learned a lot of things on the job. Doing things is for me the best way of learning” Alicia came to Santiago from Curicó in 1996 in search a better life. “I got a job as a supermarket cashier. I worked hard. I always came to work on time. I finished my secondary studies, I took on extra responsibilities, and I did a good job. But in all those years I never earned enough money. It was very difficult to fit my work schedule to my children’s day care and school, and the many errands, appointments, and emergencies that every mother has. But at least I was treated well and had some benefits. Then the supermarket was sold and the new owners were not so nice. First, they forced all the older workers out because their pay was too high. Then they took away our benefits, cut our wages, reduced our hours, changed our shifts, transferred some of us to far–way branches, insulted us, and mistreated us. I was so depressed and miserable. After eight years of hard work and playing by the rules, I deciced to quit mi cashier job and joined my sister to give skin care classes and sell cosmetics” Proverb: “Wisdom is a fountain of life to the wise, but trying to educate stupid people is a waste of time” ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Date : …………………………………………………………………….33 (thirty three) Exercise N° 32: Translate the text into Spanish. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Proverb: “Intelligent people think before they speak; what they say is then more persuasive” ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… Date : …………………………………………………………………….34 (thirty four) Exercise N° 33: Lea el texto y responda en inglés. Trate de usar respuestas completas. 1) Where is Mr. Fábregas from? ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2) Why did he move to Arica? ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3) How did he start his career? ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4) How was Alice working experience? ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5) What does Alice do at present? ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Exercise N° 34: Lea el texto y responda en castellano. 1) ¿En qué se parecen ambas historias? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 2) ¿Cuál de las personas ha tenido una experiencia laboral más satisfactoria? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3) ¿Por qué a Alicia le resultó más difícil su trabajo? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Proverb: “Kind words are like honey – sweet to the taste and good for your health” ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Date : …………………………………………………………………….35 (thirty five) 4) ¿Qué cambios con los trabajadores realizaron los segundos empleadores de Alicia? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Exercise N° 35: Encuentre en el texto palabras en inglés que signifiquen lo mismo que: 1) marks : …………………………………………. 2) high school : …………………………………………. 3) salaries : …………………………………………. 4) abandon : …………………………………………. 5) go from one place to another : …………………………………………. Exercise N° 36: Escriba en inglés acerca de un período de la vida de una joven como tú. Use el banco de palabras y el texto como modelo. Nací en Calama. Llegué a Santiago 4 años atrás. Me mudé a Santiago para encontrar un mejor trabajo. Empecé como una ayudante en una peluquería. Luego conseguí un trabajo como una “champunier”. Luego, aprendí a pintar uñas con esmalte. Después de eso, yo fui al colegio a terminar mis estudios secundarios. Al mismo tiempo yo estudiaba Peluquería Estilista. was born – came to – moved to – started as a - I got a job as - shampoo girl – then – polish nails – after that – at the same time – Hair Styling ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Proverb: “Gossip is spread by wicked people; they stir up trouble and break up friendship” ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Date : ……………………………………………………………………. 36 (thirty six) Unidad 2: “Where I work” Lesson 2: “What happened to us?” Lea atentamente el siguiente texto. Long time ago our ancestors used not more than five hours a day on what we now call “work”: gathering food, building houses, making clothes and tools. The rest of the day they talked, rested and danced! What a contrast compared to the every day life of 19th century factoryworker. They worked six days a week and twelve hours a day! Work as a curse. Most cultures consider work as a curse to be avoided as much as possible! There is something strange about work. Consider these thoughts. If we didn´t care about luxury, cars and beautiful houses, we wouldn´t need to work so hard, but just because we have so many materials goals, it takes a lot of working hours to obtain them. To meet our climbing expectations, we must work harder, physically and mentally and use more and more natural resources. Work as pleasure Still work does not need to be unpleasant. Working can be tough, but a change in attitude could help change our feelings about work. Some people can enjoy their work and it becomes the best part of their life. Scientists in Italy have studied traditional communities living in the Alps. These mountain people are happy people. Why? Because they don´t make the difference between work and spare–time. Life is not easy in these mountains, but the people in these villages do not experience their heavy work as a burden. They feel free in their work. They can do what they want, they don´t have a boss telling them what to do. Even if you work in a dark and dirty factory, you can enjoy your work. How? By trying to manipulate and transform the opportunities that the job offers. For example, try keeping good relationship with the people you work. Also, try to see what you can change in the place. Make it a better place. Introduce some objects you like: a calendar with a nice landscape, a family portrait, hang some posters on the wall, and/or have a plant to cheer you up! These objects will put you in contact with positive feelings. Little things make the difference between happy and unhappy people in their jobs. Proverb: “Old men are proud of their grandchildren, just as boys are proud of their fathers” ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Date : ……………………………………………………………………. 37 (thirty seven) Translate in Spanish. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Proverb: “Condemning the innocent or letting the wicked go – both are hateful to the Lord”. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Date : …………………………………………………………………….38 (thirty eight) “El trabajo tiene una connotación distinta para cada persona. Hay quienes disfrutan enormemente su trabajo, por duro y difícil que sea, y por el contrario, hay quienes lo sufren como una maldición”. Exercise N° 38: Encierre en un círculo las palabras que mejor describen su trabajo. HARD – EASY – CREATIVE – EXCITING – BORING – TEDIOUS – O.K. – STRESSFUL – FUNNY – WELL PAID – PART TIME – FULL TIME Exercise N° 39: ¿Cómo se siente con su actual situación laboral?. Subraye o agregue otros adjetivos si es necesario. HAPPY – UNHAPPY – DEPRESSED – MOTIVATED – INDIFFERENT – SATISFIED – DISGUSTED – SICK - ……………………….. - ………………….…… Exercise N° 40: Elija un nuevo título en inglés para el texto. Justifique su elección en castellano. Tittle : ……………………………………………………………………………………. Justificación : ……………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………. Recuerde que un buen título debe reflejar el sentido global de un texto. Proverb: “There is nothing but sadness and sorrow for a father whose son does foolish things”. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… Date : …………………………………………………………………… 39 (thirty nine) Exercise N° 41: Responda verdadero o falso acerca del texto. (True or False) 1) ……… Work has always been the same. 2) ……… Our ancestors used to work much more than nowadays. 3) ……… People work harder to obtain their material goals. 4) ……… There is no way to be happy at work. 5) ……… You can use your mental energy to change attitude and feelings. 6) ……… Great things make the difference between happy and unhappy people in their jobs. 7) ……… Traditional communities living in the Alps don´t make the difference between work and spare- time. Exercise N° 42: Lea y responda en inglés. Use respuestas completas. 1) What kind of jobs did our ancestors do? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2) Why people from the Alps are happy people? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3) What´s the key to turn a dark and dirty factory job into an enjoyable one? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4) How many hours a day did the 19th century factory – workers works? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5) How many days a week did they work? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6) What must we do to meet our climbing expectations according to the text? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 7) Is life easy in the Alps? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Proverb: “Being cheerful keeps you healthy. It is slow death to be gloomy all the time.” ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Date : …………………………………………………………………… 40 (forty) Unidad 3: “Labor Rights” Lesson 1: “Much more than a piece of paper…” “Si trabajas para un empleador (a), cumples con una jornada laboral y te pagan remuneración por ello, existe relación laboral, aunque ésta no conste por escrito. El Código del Trabajo exige y obliga al empleador(a), para tu seguridad, poner el contrato por escrito dentro de los 15 días contados desde el inicio de tus labores” Dirección del Trabajo Exercise N° 43: Piense y responda en Castellano. 1) ¿Qué tipos de contratos conoce? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2) ¿Por qué se dice que “hay que leer la letra chica” en los contratos? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Exercise N° 44: Busque equivalentes en castellano para las siguientes expresiones: 1) agreement : ……………………………………………………………… 2) terms and conditions : ……………………………………………………………… 3) starting date : ……………………………………………………………… 4) rate of pay : ……………………………………………………………… 5) holiday entitlement : ……………………………………………………………… 6) holiday pay : ……………………………………………………………… 7) labor rights : ……………………………………………………………… 8) employee : ……………………………………………………………… 9) employer : ……………………………………………………………… 10) employment : ……………………………………………………………… Proverb: “A foolish son brings grief to his father and bitter regrets to his mother” ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Date : …………………………………………………………………… 41 (forty one) Lea atentamente el siguiente texto: CONTRACTS OF EMPLOYMENT An employment contract is an agreement between yourself and your employer, defining the terms of your employment. There is always an agreement between employee and employer even if there isn´t anything written. A contract gives both you and your employer certain rights and obligations. Your contract is so much more than a piece of paper with something written. You need to read it carefully before you sign it and if you don´t understand something, be sure to ask your employer. If you are not careful, you could renounce some of your most important rights. Your employer is legally obliged to provide the terms and conditions of employment within the first month of you starting date, but it´s best if you can check your contract with your employer before or as soon as you join the company. Basic work contract checklist: The name of the employer and employee The job title and job description as detailed as possible Starting date of employment Duration place of work Rate of pay and pay intervals Schedule Holiday entitlement and holyday pay Disciplinary rules and procedures If you are an employee without a written contract you should consult an experienced adviser, for example at the “Inspección del Trabajo”. Proverb: “It is not right to favour the guilty and prevent the innocent from receiving justice”. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. Date : …………………………………………………………………… 42 (forty two) Exercise N° 45: Translate the lesson into Spanish. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Proverb: “Listen before you answer. If you don´t you are being stupid and insulting” ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. Date : …………………………………………………………………… 43 (forty three) Exercise N° 46: Lea y seleccione la mejor alternativa. 1) The text is about… a) a contract. b) employment contracts. c) different types of contracts. 2) The text gives you... a) ideas to write a contract. b) tools against employers. c) information about employment contracts. 3) A contract is… a) a simple piece of paper b) more than a simple piece of paper c) a simple bit of paper Exercise N° 47: Lea el texto nuevamente y responda en castellano de acuerdo al texto. 1) ¿Qué es un contrato de trabajo? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2) Menciones tres elementos esenciales que debe contener un contrato. a) ……………………………………………………………………………………………… b) ……………………………………………………………………………………………… c) ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 3) ¿Es posible trabajar sin contrato? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4) ¿Qué puede ocurrir si uno no es cuidadoso al leer el contrato antes de firmarlo? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Proverb: “Feasting makes you happy and wine cheers you up, but you can´t have either without money” ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Date : …………………………………………………………………… 44 (forty four) Unidad 3: “Labor Rights” Lesson 2: “Discrimination” Exercise N°48: Look, think and tick: FAMILY MEMBERS I AGREE Girls can do everything as well as boy There are some things boys cannot do as well as I DISAGREE girls If a girl is good at sports she should play in a team with boys. Exercise N° 48: Translate these examples using the Word “banned”: 1) He was banned from driving for six months. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2) The sale of weapons to the public is going to be banned. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3) A six year old girl will be banned from school if she wears her veil again. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4) A Michigan nurse claims she was banned from caring for a newborn child because of her skin color. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5) Automated Teller Machines (cajeros automáticos) are going to be banned in casinos. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Proverb: “Poor people are the rich man´s slaves. Borrow money and you are the lender´s slave”. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Date : …………………………………………………………………… 45 (forty five) Lea atentamente el siguiente texto: Maritza Toro, a seventeen year old student is not allowed to represent her school football team. She has scored 20 goals in six matches for A. Hurtado, a technical school in Paine, where she studies to be a Pre–School teacher assistant. She has been banned by the Regional Football Association from playing in the Metropolitan Region cup because she is a girl. She cannot play in the Regional League, either. Today she is being interviewed by the program “We want to help you”. Presenter: Hi Maritza. Please tell us your problem. Maritza: Well, you know I´m football player, and I love playing. Presenter: We know that, but what happens exactly? Maritza: You know, my dream is to represent my school in the Metropolitan Region cup, and now I´m banned from the team. Presenter: Why? What´s the reason? Maritza: Just because I am girl! Presenter: Oh, no… What does your trainer and team players say? Maritza: The trainer is quite annoyed. He says I can be in any football team in any place. Presenter: And your classmates? What do they think? Maritza: They are sad of course and they want to complain to the authorities. Presenter: Well, we´ll also do something to avoid this kind of discrimination. Exercise N°50: What words connected with sports appear in the text?. Underline them: team – match – football player – referee – trainer – line guard – cup – whistle – football team – Football Association Proverb: “Help your brother and he will protect you like a strong city wall, but if you quarrel with him, he will close his doors to you” ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Date : …………………………………………………………………… 46 (forty six) Exercise N° 51: Translate the text. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Exercise N° 52: Answer in English. Use short answer. 1) Who is Maritza? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 2) What does she do? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3) What´s her dream? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4) What problem does she have? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Proverb: “You will have to live with the consequences of everything you say”. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Date : …………………………………………………………………… 47 (forty seven) 5) Why is she banned from the team? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 6) What´s the reaction of people around her? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 7) What´s the reaction of the presenter? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Exercise N° 53: Listado de casos de discriminación que hay en Chile. Escriba su significado en castellano. 1) Ageism : ……………………………………………………… 2) Disability : ……………………………………………………… 3) Homophobia : ……………………………………………………… 4) Machismo : ……………………………………………………… 5) Pregnancy : ……………………………………………………… 6) Racism : ……………………………………………………… 7) Xenophobia : ……………………………………………………… Exercise N° 54: Diseñe un afiche en inglés relativo a la discriminación en cualquiera de sus formas. Por ejemplo: “If you judge people, you don´t have time of loving them”. (Mother Teresa) DISCRIMINATION NO MORE Proverb: “What you say can preserve life or destroy it; so you must accept the consequences of your words”. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Date …………………………………………………………………… 48 (forty eight) : Módulo II : “Expanding Knowledge” Unidad 1 : “Technology and Communications” Lesson 1 : “Technology for seniors” Exercise N° 55: 1) Discuss the importance of technology and how it has changed our lives. 2) Do seniors in our country use technological devices as much as young people do? Why Yes / No ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3) Busque el significado de conceptos claves tales como: a) sender : ……………………………… n) advertising: ………………………………... b) receiver : ………………………………. o) server : ……………………………….. c) code : ……………………………… p) subject : ……………………………….. d) media : ……………………………… q) digital images: ……………………………… e) broadcast : ……………………………… r) satellite : …………….…………………. f) software : ……………………………… s) pixels : ………………………………… g) hardware : ……………………………… t) record : ……………………………….. h) screen : ……………………………… u) wire : ……………………………….. i) cable : ……………………………… v) plug : ……………………………….. j) troubleshooting: ……………………………… w) switch : ……………………………….. k) password : ……………………………… x) switch on : ……………………………….. l) log on : ……………………………… y) swich off : ………………………………… m) download : ……………………………… z) loading : ………………………………... 4) Secuencie la evolución de un aparato tecnológico, como por ejemplo: El televisor (television set) a) Televisor con tubos, b) ……………………………………………………………………… …………………………...……………………………………………………………………. Proverb: “Some friendships do not last, but some friends are more loyal than brothers”. ………………………………………………………………………………………………….... Date …………………………………………………………………… 49 (forty nine) : Reading text: Your Grandma bought a computer last week. She does not know how to get into the Internet and ask for your help. You dictate the instructions to her: First, switch on the computer. Then open “Internet Explorer” by clicking the Internet Explorer icon. Third a dialogue box will appear. To log on, type your password in the dialogue box. If you want to see your e-mails, do the following: Open the e-mail software. Click on the “Get mail” button. Wait for your e-mails to download. Click on an e-mail to read it. Granny, if you don´t understand, I´ll repeat the instructions. It´s not so easy at first. Exercise N° 56: Translate this text. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Proverb: “It is better to be poor but honest than to be a lying fool”. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Date : …………………………………………………………………… 50 (fifty) Exercise N° 57: Answer True or False. Translate the statements. 1) …….. The grandson knows how to operate the Internet. 2) …….. Granny listens to the instructions on the radio. 3) …….. You open the Internet Explorer before logging in. 4) …….. You click to read an e-mail after you open the software. Exercise N° 58: Encuentre 7 cognados en el texto y escríbalos aquí. Ejemplo: 1) Computer : Computador (a) 2) ………………….. : …………………………………… 3) ………………….. : …………………………………… 4) ………………….. : …………………………………… 5) ………………….. : …………………………………… 6) ………………….. : …………………………………… 7) ………………….. : …………………………………… 8) ………………….. : …………………………………… Exercise N° 59: Write the instructions to send an e-mail. First, ………………………………………………………………………………………….. Then, …………………………………………………………………………………………. Third, …………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… Proverb: “Enthusiasm without knowledge is not good; impatience will get you into trouble”. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. Date : …………………………………………………………………… 51 (fifty one) Unidad 1 : “Technology and Communications” Lesson 2 : “Information Age” Exercise N° 60 : Piense y responda. ¿Ha visto alguna vez las siguientes siglas? ¿Sabe qué significan o a qué se refieren? 1. WWW 1) WWW 2. URL : 3.PC 4. HTML 5. CD 6. CPU World – Wide Web (Red Mundial de Comunicaciones) 2) ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 3) ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 4) ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 5) ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 6) ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Exercise N° 61 : Busque los siguientes conceptos en el texto. Escriba su equivalente en inglés. 1) Documento electrónico : …………………………………………………………………… 2) Telas de araña : …………………………………………………………………… 3) Lenguaje computacional: …………………………………………………………………… 4) Flujo de datos : …………………………………………………………………… 5) Comercio electrónico : …………………………………………………………………… 6) Servicio de interredes : …………………………………………………………………… 7) Navegador de internet : …………………………………………………………………… 8) Alrededor del mundo : …………………………………………………………………… 9) Tales como : …………………………………………………………………… 10) Páginas de la red : …………………………………………………………………… 11) Hipervínculos : …………………………………………………………………… 12) Página principal del sitio web: …………………………………………………………………… Proverb: “Some people ruin themselves by their own stupid actions and then blame the Lord”. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. Date : …………………………………………………………………… 52 (fifty two) Lea atentamente el siguiente texto. The World Wide Web is a collection of electronic documents that are linked together like a spider web. These documents are stored on computers called servers located around the world. The Web has evolved into a global electronic publishing medium and increasingly, a medium for conducting electronic commerce. The Web consists of: Your personal computer Web browser to access the Web A connection to an Internet service Servers to host the data Routers and switches to direct the flow of data How the Web Works Web pages are stored on web servers located around the globe. Entering the (Uniform Resource Locator) URL of a web page in your web browser or clicking a link sends a request to the server which hosts the page. The server sends the web page to your computer and your web browser displays it on your screen. A web page is an electronic document written in a computer language called HTML (Hypertext Markup Language). Proverb: “Rich people are always finding new friends, but the poor cannot keep the few they have”. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Date : …………………………………………………………………… 53 (fifty three) Web pages can contain text, graphics, video, animation, and sound, as well as interactive features, such as data entry forms. Each page has a unique address known as a URL (Uniform Resource Locator), which identifies its location on the server. Web pages usually contain hyperlinks to other web pages. Hyperlinks are text and images that reference the URLs of other web pages. Websites A website is one or more web pages that relate to a common theme, such as a person, business, organization, or a subject, such as sports. The first page is called the home page, which acts like and index, indicating the content on the site. From the home page, you can click hyperlinks to access other web pages. Exercise N° 62: Translate this text. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Proverb: “Do yourself a favour and learn all you can; then remember what you learn and you will prosper”. …………………………………………………………………………………………………… ..................................................................................................................................................... Date : …………………………………………………………………… 54 (fifty four) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Proverb: “If you are sensible, you will control your temper. When someone wrongs you, it is a great virtue to ignore it”. …………………………………………………………………………………………………… ..................................................................................................................................................... Date : …………………………………………………………………… 55 (fifty five) Exercise N° 63: Lea y responda en inglés. 1) What is the World Wide Web? …………………………………………………………………………………………………… ..................................................................................................................................................... 2) Where are documents stored? …………………………………………………………………………………………………… ..................................................................................................................................................... 3) How many components does the Web have? …………………………………………………………………………………………………… ..................................................................................................................................................... 4) What is a website? …………………………………………………………………………………………………… ..................................................................................................................................................... 5) What´s the name of the first page in a website? …………………………………………………………………………………………………… ..................................................................................................................................................... Exercise N° 64: Lea y responda en castellano. 1) Nombre los componentes de la WWW. …………………………………………………………………………………………………… ..................................................................................................................................................... 2) Explique cómo funciona la web. …………………………………………………………………………………………………… ..................................................................................................................................................... …………………………………………………………………………………………………… ..................................................................................................................................................... 3) ¿Qué es una URL? …………………………………………………………………………………………………… ..................................................................................................................................................... Exercise N° 65: Pensemos en nuestro lenguaje. 1) ¿Cómo le llamamos nosotros a la WWW? …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Proverb: “A man can inherit a house and money from his parents, but only the Lord can give him a sensible wife”. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… Date : …………………………………………………………………… 56 (fifty six) 2) ¿Tenemos un nombre para website? …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3) ¿Por qué le decimos PC al computador?¿Cómo debiéramos decirle? …………………………………………………………………………………………………… Exercise N° 66: Busque la definición de la siguiente lista de anglicismos del área tecnológica. (Anglicismo: Término propio de la lengua inglesa, incorporado a nuestro idioma) 1) mouse : …………………………………………………………………….. 2) CPU : …………………………………………………………………….. 3) software : …………………………………………………………………….. 4) hardware : …………………………………………………………………….. 5) CD : …………………………………………………………………….. 6) pendrive : …………………………………………………………………….. 7) PC : …………………………………………………………………….. 8) chip : …………………………………………………………………….. 9) mail : …………………………………………………………………….. 10) password : …………………………………………………………………….. 11) joystick : …………………………………………………………………….. 12) link : …………………………………………………………………….. 13) chat : …………………………………………………………………….. 14) nickname : …………………………………………………………………….. 15) pad : …………………………………………………………………….. 16) power point : …………………………………………………………………….. 17) data show : …………………………………………………………………….. 18) zoom : …………………………………………………………………….. 19) router : …………………………………………………………………….. 20) test : …………………………………………………………………….. 21) hacker : …………………………………………………………………….. 22) wi – fi : …………………………………………………………………….. 23) window : …………………………………………………………………….. Proverb: “Be lazy if you want to; sleep on, but you will go hungry” ……………………………………………………………………………………. Date : …………………………………………………………………… 57 (fifty seven) GRAMMAR TIPS Let´s review… Simple Present Tense El tiempo presente simple se usa principalmente para referirse a: Verdades permanentes : The Earth goes round the Sun. “El period actual” : I live in Chile. Acciones habituales : We usually go to work from Monday to Friday. Como referencia al future : My parents arrive tonight. Exercise N° 67: Translate the examples. 1) ………………………………………………………………………………. 2) ………………………………………………………………………………. 3) ………………………………………………………………………………. 4) ………………………………………………………………………………. El Presente Simple se forma en Inglés con el infinitivo del verbo sin “to” (forma básica) para todas las personas, e excepción de la tercera persona singular que añade una “s” final. Affirmative Form I play : Yo juego You play : Tú juegas He plays : Él juega She plays : Ella juega It plays : ---- Juega We play : Nosotros jugamos You play : Ustedes juegan They play : Ellos juegan Proverb: “Son, eat honey; it is good. And just as honey from the comb is sweet on your tongue, you may be sure that wisdom is good for the soul. Get wisdom and you have a bright future” ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ….……………………………………………………………………………………………………. Date : …………………………………………………………………… 58 (fifty eight) Cuando el verbo termina en s – ss- sh – o – ch – x, se añade a la tercera persona singular (he, she, it) la terminación “es”. Cuando termina en “y” precedida de consonante cambia la “y” por “ies”. Examples: I kiss : Yo beso She kisses : Ella besa I watch : Yo veo He watches : Él ve I wax : Yo encero She waxes : Ella encera I go : Yo voy He goes : Él va I try : Yo intento She tries : Ella intenta Interrogative form A diferencia del español, para su construcción se recurre al verbo “to do” que realiza una función auxiliar. En la tercera persona la forma “do” cambia a “does”. Este auxiliar no se traduce, sólo indica que la oración está en tiempo presente. Auxiliar + Sujeto + Forma básica del verbo Do I play? : ¿Juego yo? Do you play? : ¿Juegas tú? Does he play? : ¿Juega él? Does she play? : ¿Juega ella? Does it play? : ¿--- juega? Do we play? : ¿Jugamos nosotros? Do you play? : ¿Juegan ustedes? Do they play? : ¿Juegan ellos? Negative form: Proverb: Sujeto + Auxiliar + not + Forma básica del verbo I do not play : Yo no juego You do not play : Tú no juegas We do not play : Nosotros no jugamos They do not play : Ellos (as) no juegan He does not play : Él no juega She does not play : Ella no juega It does not play : --- no juega “If you listen to advice and are willing to learn, one day you will be wise”. …………………………………………………………………………………………….. |Date : Exercise N° 68: …………………………………………………………………… 59 (fifty nine) Complete las oraciones con el verbo dado, en la forma que corresponda. Luego tradúzcalas. 1) Newspapers ………………………….photographs to illustrate stories. (use / uses) …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2) The web ……………………… of several components. ( consist / consists) …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3) Each page ……………………… a unique address. (has /have) …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4) Web pages usually ………………….. hyperlinks to other web pages. ( contain /contains) …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5) The computer ……………………..multi – sensory experiences. (provide provides) …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6) Alice ………………………… Math at school. (study / studies) …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 7) Peter …………………. To school every morning. (go / goes) …………………………………………………………………………………………………… Exercise N°69: Llene los espacios en blanco con el auxiliar correspondiente “Do” o “Does”. Luego tradúzcalas. 1) …………. you live near the school? : ………………………….……………………. 2) …………. your sister study English? : ………………………….……………………. 3) ………… your parents work in an office? : ………………………….……………………. 4) ………… she watch TV every night? : ………………………….……………………. 5) ………… the Strouts live in the U.S.A.? : ………………………….……………………. 6) Where …………. Mr. Brown work? : ………………………….……………………. 7) Where ………… the children live? : ………………………….……………………. 8) What ………… Mary do on week-end? : ………………………….……………………. 9) What ………… the pupils do on Sunday? : ………………………….……………………. 10) What time ………. you get up? : ………………………….……………………. Proverb: “Son, when you stop learning, you will soon neglect what you already know” …………………………………………………………………………………………………. Date : …………………………………………………………………… 60 (sixty) “Short Answers” with the Simple Present Tense “Respuestas Cortas” con el Tiempo Presente Simple Las respuestas cortas en Inglés se usan cuando tenemos una pregunta simple, es decir, que requiere de un “Sí” o un “No”. Además completamos con el pronombre personal que reemplaza al sujeto de la oración acompañado del auxiliar correspondiente. Example: a) Do you work in a bank? Yes, I do. / No, I don´t. : ¿Tú trabajas en un banco? b) Does Mary speak English? Yes, she does. / No, she doesn´t. : ¿María habla Inglés? c) Do the children watch television at night? : Yes, they do. / No, they don´t. Recuerde: do not : Exercise N°70: don´t ¿Los niños ven TV en la noche? y does not: doesn´t Responda en inglés las siguientes preguntas usando “Short Answers”. Traduzca sólo las preguntas. 1) Do you know how to use a computer? …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2) Does your friend arrive on time? …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3) Does the Internet provide only true information? …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4) Do you read a newspaper everyday? …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5) Do all newspapers include a sports section? …………………………………………………………………………………………………… Proverb: “Drinking too much makes you loud and foolish. It´s stupid to get drunk”. …………………………………………………………………………………………………… Date : …………………………………………………………………… 61 (sixty one ) Módulo II Unidad 2 : : “Expanding Knowledge” “Science and Health” Lesson 1 : “A success story” Exercise: N° 71. a) Check how much you know about nutrition. Read and answer the following test with “I agree” o “I disagree”. 1) El pan integral tiene más fibra que el pan blanco. …………………………………. 2) Las nueces son un alimento sano, aún cuando se esté tratando de bajar de peso. …………………………………. 3) Las frutas y verduras en tarro o congeladas son muchas veces más sanas que las frescas. …………………………………. 4) La leche de soya puede reemplazar a la leche común. …………………………………. 5) El queso blanco es una buena fuente de calcio. …………………………………. 6) Tomar jugo hasta hartarse es una buena estrategia para bajar de peso. …………………………………. 7) El café deshidrata. ………………………………… 8) Los huevos crudos alimentan más que los cocidos. ………………………………… 9) La cerveza engorda. ………………………………… 10) Los alimentos integrales adelgazan. ………………………………… 11) La fruta como postre engorda. ………………………………… 12) Para bajar de peso es necesario hacer cinco comidas diarias. ………………………………… Proverb: “Any fool can start arguments; the honourable thing is to stay out of them”. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Date : …………………………………………………………………… 62 (sixty two ) Exercise: N° 71. b) Translate into Spanish these sentences related to nutrition. 1) Raw eggs nourish more than hard – boiled eggs. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2) Frozen or canned fruits and vegetables are many times healthier than fresh ones. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3) To drink juice one´s fill is a good strategy to lose weight. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4) Beer is really fattening. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5) Fruit as a dessert is fattening. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 6) The whole meal bread has more fibre than the white bread. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 7) White cheese is a good fountain of calcium. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 8) Whole food makes slim. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 9) To lose weight is necessary to eat five meals a day. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 10) Walnuts are a healthy food even though we are trying to lose weight. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 11) Soya milk can replace cow´s milk. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 12) Coffee dehydrates. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Proverb: “If you want people to like you, forgive them when they wrong you. Remembering wrongs can break up a friendship”. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Date : …………………………………………………………………… 63 (sixty three ) Reading Text. ”A Success story” (by Susan Slim from California) All during my childhood I was teased by my peers because I was overweight. Although I was never obese, I was larger than my classmates and their words made me angry and depressed. Instead of talking to my parents and teachers about my feelings though, I turned to food to comfort myself. My turning point came when I was a teenager and I went to the doctor for a physical exam. The doctor told me that being overweight put me at risk for high blood pressure, heart disease, diabetes and other health problems that could cost my life. I was frightened by this prognosis. I realized that I didn´t want to die so young and I decided to make an effort to lose some weight. I started a weight loss program. Trough it I learned how to add healthful eating habits to my life. I switched from whole milk to skimmed milk, reduced my portions of food, drank more water, and added fruits and vegetables to my diet. I continued with my diet but my weight was always fluctuating. During the Summer I would lose about 10 kilograms only to gain them in the Winter. My self-esteem then was lower and lower and I had come to accept that I would be a yo–yo dieter for the rest of my life. But then something happened. I was under a tremendous amount of stress from my work when a friend mentioned how exercise helped to deal with stress. So that´s how I started exercising: stair climbing, jogging, walking, 3 or 4 times a week. Almost immediately it helped me reduce my stress and have more energy. Along the way I have learned that fitness and well being come from the inner self and not just from the reflection on the mirror. That´s why I want to share my successful experience with you. Hope it works out! Here´s my workout schedule: Elliptical training, jogging, walking, step aerobics or biking 1 hour, 3 or 4 times a week. Strength training: 40 minute/ 3 times a week. Maintenance Tips Drink water. Not only does it fill you up. It also cleans your body. Eat six small meals a day rather than three larger ones. This way you are never hungry. Once a week, enjoy your favorite food so that you don´t feel deprived! Proverb: “A farmer who is too lazy to plough his fields at the right time will have nothing to harvest”. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Date : …………………………………………………………………… 64 (sixty four ) Exercise N° 72: Translate this text. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Proverb: “Children are fortunate if they have a father who is honest and does what is right”. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Date : …………………………………………………………………… 65 (sixty five ) Exercise N° 73: Read the text and circle the best answer. What is the text about? a) Una joven que lucha toda su vida por perder peso. b) Una joven que está en peligro de muerte. c) La importancia del ejercicio para los jóvenes. Exercise N° 74: Answer the following questions in English. 1) Why did the young woman suffer when she was a child? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2) What risks did she have because of her overweight according to the doctor? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3) What eating habits did she change in order to lose weight? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4) What was the final solution to her problem? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5) What two suggestions from the list do you consider the most important? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 6) Write two consequences of being overweight mentioned in the text: a). …………………………………………………………………………………………………. b). …………………………………………………………………………………………………. Exercise N° 75: Write a list of your healthy eating habits. (At least four items). 1) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 2) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Proverb: “If you spend your time sleeping, you will be poor. Keep busy and you will have plenty to eat” …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Date : …………………………………………………………………… 66 (sixty six ) GRAMMAR TIPS Let´s review… Simple Past Tense En ingles existen verbos llamados “regulares” y verbos “irregulares”. El pasado de los verbos regulares se forma agregando al verbo la terminación “ed” al verbo. Example: work - worked El pasado de los verbos irregulares no se forma agrgando “ed”. Example: go – went Se usa el tiempo pasado para: Referirse a acciones que ya ocurrieron en un tiempo definido en el pasado. Example: I went to the beach last summer ………………………………………………………………………. Referirse a acciones que sucedieron inmediatamente una después de otra en el pasado. Example: First, she took her temperature. Then she called the doctor. ………………………………………………………………………… Referirse a acciones habituales en el pasado, pero que ya no ocurren. También se puede usar la forma “used to”. Example: People travelled by carriage in those days. People used to travel by carriage in those days. ……………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………….. Los verbos irregulares son los más comunes en Inglés. Esto puede parecer una mala noticia, pues hubiese sido más fácil para nosotros que todos formasen su pasado y participio con “ed”, pero lo común de su uso hace que aparezcan a menudo, por lo que debemos estudiar y memorizar la lista de los mismos. Proverb: “If you know what you are talking about, you have something more valuable than gold or jewels”. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Date …………………………………………………………………… 67 (sixty seven ) : Affirmative Form Negative Form Question (?) I I I You You you He He he She worked She did not work It went It (didn´t) go she Did it We We we You You you They They they work? go? La forma del verbo es la misma con todas las personas. Past Tense of Verb To Be ( Ser, Estar; Tener) Affirmative Form I was : Yo era o fui; estaba o estuve; tenía, tuve. You were : Tú ……………………………………………………………………………………. He was : Él …………………………………………………………………………………….. She was : Ella…………………………………………………………………………………… It was : --- era o fue; estaba o estuvo; tenía o tuvo. We were : Nosotros…………………………………………………………………………….. You were : Ustedes……………………………………………………………………………… They were : Interrogative form? Was I…? Were you…? Ellos (as) eran o fueron; estaban o estuvieron; tenían o tuvieron. Negative Form I wasn´t… was not: wasn´t You weren´t… were not: weren´t Was he…? He wasn´t… Was she…? She wasn´t… Was it…’ It wasn´t We weren´t… You weren´t… Were we…? Were you…? Were they…? Proverb: They weren’t… “A gossip can never keep a secret. Stay away from people who talk too much”. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Date : …………………………………………………………………… 68 (sixty eight ) Exercise N° 76: Traduzca las siguientes oraciones y diga ¿cuáles de las oraciones contienen verbos regulares?¿Cómo las identifica? 1) All during my childhood I was teased by my peers. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2) She was overweight. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3) They went to the doctor for a physical exam. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4) Her turning point came when she was a teenager. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5) Susan realized that she didn´t want to die so young. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6) She decided to make an effort to lose some weight. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 7) I started a weight loss program. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 8) The doctor told her that being overweight put her at risk for diabetes. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 9) We switched from whole milk to skimmed milk. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10) A friend of mine mentioned how exercise helped to deal with stress. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Exercise N° 77: Complete las siguientes oraciones con el verbo dado en pasado. 1) Susan…………….never obese. (be) 2) I …………………. to class yesterday. (come) 3) She ………………..with her diet. (continue) 4) They ………………. television last night. (watch) 5) We ………………at school five years ago. (study) 6) Peter and Mary ………………….to the cinema last week. (go) 7) The Millers …………………….. in the U.S.A. last year. (live) Proverb: “If you curse your parents, your life will end like a lamp that goes out in the dark”. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Date : …………………………………………………………………… 69 (sixty nine ) Exercise N° 78: Make sentences like the ones underlined. Then translate only the underlined sentences. a) “How did you do it?”. Peter asked Mary. Peter asked Mary how she did it. : Pedro preguntó a María cómo lo hizo. : Juan preguntó a Tomás cómo lo encontró. : …………………………………………………… : …………………………………………………… b) “How did you find it?” John asked Tom. John asked Tom how he found it. 1) “How did you cook it?” Peter asked Mary. …………………………………………. 2) “How did you do it?” John asked Tom. …………………………………………. 3) “How did you come to school?”Peter asked John. …………………………………………. : …………………………………………………… 4) “How did you climb the tree?” The man asked the boys. …………………………………………. : …………………………………………………… 5) “How did you lose your handkerchief?” Mrs. Lee asked Betty. …………………………………………. : …………………………………………………… 6) “How did you get the wrong answer?” The teacher asked Ann. …………………………………………. : …………………………………………………… 7) “How did you break the window?” Mr. Hall asked Peter. …………………………………………. : …………………………………………………… 8) “How did you drop the glass?” Helen asked Teresa. …………………………………………. Proverb: : …………………………………………………… “Do what is right and fair; that pleases the Lord more than bringing him sacrifices”. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Date …………………………………………………………………… 70 (seventy ) : Exercise N° 79: Put these sentences in the right order. A. She opened the door and looked out. B. She picked it up and brought it inside. C. Mary heard a sound outside the door. D. There was a small white cat outside 1) …………………………………………………………………………….. 2) …………………………………………………………………………….. 3) …………………………………………………………………………….. 4) …………………………………………………………………………….. Exercise N° 80: How many sentences can you make? At least 7. He had his breakfast He cleaned his shoes he went to school. before He put on his coat After he left home. he went outside. he had his breakfast, he went to school. he cleaned his shoes, he left home. he put on his coat, he went outside. 1) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 2) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 5) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 6) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 7) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Proverb: “A lazy man who refuses to work is only killing himself” ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Date : …………………………………………………………………………..71 (seventy one) Módulo II : “Expanding Knowledge” Unidad 2 : “Science and Health” Lesson 2 : “Preventing HIV Infection” “… En el caso de nuestro país, las personas más afectadas por el VIH son jóvenes o adultos jóvenes, encontrándose una mayor prevalencia en los grupos etáreos de entre 20 y 30 años. Los motivos de ello probablemente radiquen en que los jóvenes todavía creen que el SIDA no afecta a las personas “comunes y corrientes”, sino sólo a ciertos grupos marginales dentro de la sociedad”. Vidal, F. (2001) “Consideraciones en torno a la sexualidad, la modernidad y educación sexual en Chile” Revista Electrónica Diálogos Educativos Exercise N° 81: 1. 2. 3. Averigüe ¿Qué significan las siguientes siglas en inglés? ¿Cuáles son las siglas equivalentes en castellano?. HIV : ........................................................................................................................................... AIDS : ........................................................................................................................................... STD´s : ........................................................................................................................................... Exercise N°82: Comparta con sus compañeros. ¿Conoce algún caso relacionado con el contagio del SIDA? ................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................ Proverb: “Guilty people walk a crooked path; the innocent do what is right” …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Date : …………………………………………………………………………..72 (seventy two) Lea atentamente el siguiente texto. Abstinence from sexual relations is the safest way to prevent the sexual spread of STD´s like HIV. Get tested and share your STD status with your partner before having sex. Then practice safe sex techniques to prevent infection. Use a new latex barrier (a male condom, female condom, or dental dam) at each vaginal, anal , or oral sex encounter. Use a water – based lubricant with condoms. Do not use baby oil or other oil – based lubricants such as Vaseline. They may cause holes in the condom, causing it to break. Products containing the spermicide nonoxinol 9 (found in most contraceptive creams, gels, suppositories, foams, films and sponges) help to prevent pregnancy but may increase the risk of HIV. Engaging in a committed, monogamous relationship with a person who is free from HIV or any other STD is safe if you both mutually agree to avoid high – risk sexual behaviors. Always use new sterile equipment and supplies. Don´t share or use any needles that have been previously used for piercing, tattooing or injection. Don´t share toothbrushes, floss, or razors. If you have HIV – positive, don´t donate blood, plasma or organs. Get tested and sees treatment for HIV before becoming pregnant or as early as possible during the pregnancy. If you are HIV – positive, use baby formulas if they are available, since HIV can be transmitted through breast milk. Proverb: “If you refuse to listen to the cry of the poor, your own cry for help will not be heard”. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Date : …………………………………………………………………………..73 (seventy three) Exercise N° 83: Translate this text. ....................................................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................................................... Proverb: “Wise people live in wealth and luxury, but stupid people spend their money as fast as they get it”. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Date : …………………………………………………………………………..74 (seventy four) Exercise N° 84: 1) ............... Lea y marque verdadero o falso (True or False). HIV is a type of Sexual Transmission Disease ……………………………………………………………………………………. 2) ............... Monogamous people have more possibilities to be infected with HIV. ……………………………………………………………………………………. 3) ……….. Condoms protect only during vaginal sex encounters. ……………………………………………………………………………………. 4) ………… HIV – positive can donate organs. ……………………………………………………………………………………. 5) ………… HIV can be transmitted by breast milk. ……………………………………………………………………………………. 6) …………. Abstinence from sexual relations is the safest way to prevent AIDS. ……………………………………………………………………………………. 7) ………….. Exercise N° 85: Vaseline may cause holes in the condom, causing it to break. Lea y responda en castellano de acuerdo al texto. 1) De acuerdo al texto, ¿cuál es la forma más segura de prevenir el SIDA? ............................................................................................................................................................................... 2) En el texto, ¿qué se sugiere hacer cuando se van a iniciar relaciones sexuales con una pareja? ............................................................................................................................................................................... 3) ¿Por qué se recomienda no usar vaselina o aceite para bebés como lubricantes de un preservativo? ............................................................................................................................................................................... 4) ¿Cómo debería alimentar a su bebé una madre portadora de VIH? ............................................................................................................................................................................... 5) ¿Qué es el monoxynol-9 y cuáles son sus características? ............................................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................................................... Proverb: “Be kind and honest and you will live a long life; others will respect you and treat you fairly”. ............................................................................................................................................................................. …..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Date : …………………………………………………………………………..75 (seventy five) Exercise N° 86: Relacione los conceptos con sus definiciones. 1) AIDS ............... It is an illness transmitted among humans by means of sexual contact. 2) HIV ............... It is a small object that is inserted through the cervix and placed in the uterus to prevent pregnancy. 3) STD ................ A condition in humans in which the immune system begins to fail. 4) IUD ................ It is a retrovirus that can lead to acquire immunodeficiency syndrome. Exercise N° 87: Elabore un listado de al menos 32 cognados que aparecen en esta lección. 1) ..................................................................... 17) ..................................................................... 2) ..................................................................... 18) ..................................................................... 3) ..................................................................... 19) ..................................................................... 4) ..................................................................... 20) ..................................................................... 5) ..................................................................... 21) ..................................................................... 6) ..................................................................... 22) ..................................................................... 7) ..................................................................... 23) ..................................................................... 8) ..................................................................... 24) ..................................................................... 9) ..................................................................... 25) ..................................................................... 10) ..................................................................... 26) ..................................................................... 11) ..................................................................... 27) ..................................................................... 12) ..................................................................... 28) ..................................................................... 13) ..................................................................... 29) ..................................................................... 14) ..................................................................... 30) ..................................................................... 15) ..................................................................... 31) ..................................................................... 16) ..................................................................... 32) ..................................................................... Proverb: “If you have to choose between a good reputation and great wealth, choose a good reputation” …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Date …………………………………………………………………………..76 (seventy six) : GRAMMAR TIPS Repasemos el famoso verbo “To Be” Verb To Be (Present) Este verbo tiene varios usos y significados. Entre los más importantes están: ser, estar, tener (en expresiones idiomáticas como es: tener X años, tener hambre, tener sed, etc.), para expresar existencia con “There” entre otros. Affirmative Affirmative Negative Negative Interrogative Long Form Short Form Long Form Short Form I am I´m I am not I´m not Am I? You are You´re You are not You aren´t Are you? He is He´s He is not He isn´t Is he? She is She´s She is not She isn´t Is she? It is It´s It is not It isn´t Is it? We are We´re We are not We aren´t Are we? You are You´re You are not You aren´t Are you? They are They´re They are not They aren´t Are they? Verbo “To Be” con el significado de “Tener”. 1) To be afraid : Tener miedo (temor) 2) To be cold : Tener frío 3) To be hot : Tener calor 4) To be hungry : Tener hambre 5) To be old : Tener edad 6) To be right : Tener razón 7) To be sleepy : Tener sueño 8) To be thirsty : Tener sed Proverb: “The rich and the poor have this in common: the Lord made them both” …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Date : …………………………………………………………………………..77 (seventy seven) There be : Haber (de existencia) There + be se utiliza para hablar cerca de la existencia de algo. There is : Hay (singular) There are : Hay (plural) There was : Hubo, Había (singular) There were : Hubo, Había (plural) There will be : Habrá Las contracciones son formas abreviadas. Unen dos palabras. Úselas al hablar y en la escritura informal. Exercise N° 88: Encierre en un círculo la forma del verbo “To be” en uso, en las siguientes oraciones. Luego tradúzcalas. 1) Since we are teenagers, we are capable of sexually reproducing. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 2) The testes are the primary male sexual organs. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3) The female´s sexual organs are located within her body. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4) Testosterone is the hormone that causes male secondary sex characteristics. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 5) The ovaries are located in the abdomen. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 6) There is not a right contraceptive method. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 7) It is important to find out what works best for you. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 8) AIDS is an incurable disease. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Proverb: “If you love your life, stay away from the traps that catch the wicked along the way”. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Date : …………………………………………………………………………..78 (seventy eight) Exercise N° 89: Proverb: Resuelva el siguiente crucigrama. “Be generous and share your food with the poor. You will be blessed for it”. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Date : …………………………………………………………………………..79 (seventy nine) Módulo II Unidad 3 : : “Expanding Knowledge” “Entertainment” Lesson 1 : “Let´s go out!” Exercise N° 90 Exercise N° 91: Example: : Match entertainments and places. a) ballet 1) ....... Museum b) exhibition 2) ....... Opera house c) shopping 3) ....... Theatre d) play 4) ....... Stadium e) film 5) ........ Mall f) opera 6) ........ Cinema g) game (match) 7) ........ Music Hall Use the list to talk about your likes in relation to the entertainments presented. I like going to the cinema to see a film. 1) I like ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2) I like ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3) I like ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4) I like ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5) I like ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 6) I like ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Reading text. A dialog Pedro: Let´s go out this weekend. Rosy: I´m sorry but I´m going to work extra hours. Pedro: Well, what about going out this evening? Rosy: Yes. OK. What´s on? Pedro: There´s a good play at The Comedy theatre. Rosy: I´m sorry, but you know I don´t like the theatre. Pedro: Why don´t we go to the cinema then? Rosy: Yes. OK. What´s on at the Broadway? Pedro: “Angel Eyes” with Jennifer Lopez is on at 7 PM, and Starsky & Hutch at 9 PM. Rosy: Let me check the film reviews on the movie guide. Pedro: Here you are! Proverb: “Don´t try to talk sense to a fool; he can´t appreciate it”. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Date : Title: Genere: Starring: Director: US release: Length: …………………………………………………………………………..80 (eighty) Angel Eyes. Suspense/Drama. Jennifer Lopez, Jim Caviezel, Sonia Braga. Luis Mandoki. 2002 104 min. Police officer, Sharon Pogue saves a man on the verge of dying in a car accident. A little while later, this same man, who seems to have no identity or past, saves him from a delinquent ´s attack. Both of them ignore this coincidence, but it is their destiny to repeatedly meet, save each other´s lives and, most importantly, come to terms with the deep rooted loneliness and sadness in their pasts. A romantic police drama, directed by Luis Mandoki (“When a man loves a woman”) and featuring the impressive J. Lopez, who, once again, plays a tough, solitary and sensitive character. J. Caviezel, an up-and.- coming star, plays alongside with her. Title: Genere: Starring: Director: Premiere in USA: “Starsky & Hutch” Comedy – Action - Police. Ben Stiller, Owen Wilson. Todd Phillips 2002 David Starsky Is organized, methodical and hard – working; he wants to be a good detective, but his clumsiness gets in the way. Ken Hutchinson, by contrast, is careless, sloppy and doesn´t play the rules; he wants to take advantage of them. Fed up with both of them their boss decides to assign the pair to investigate a suspected drug dealer. The two bungle from one disaster to the next in this story based on the celebrated television series of the 1970´s. Exercise N° 92: Read the texts quickly and answer in Spanish what type of texts appear in the activity. How are they different? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Exercise N° 93: Read the dialog and complete and then translate. 1) Rosy likes the ………………………………………. and not the theatre. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2) Pedro invites Rosy to ……………………………………………………….. . …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3) Rosy wants to read the ………………………………… before choosing the film to see. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4) Pedro wants to see a …………………………………. At the Comedy theatre. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Proverb: “Don´t take advantage of the poor just because you can; don´t take advantage of those who stand helpless in court”. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Date : …………………………………………………………………………..81 (eighty one) Módulo II Unidad 3 : : “Expanding Knowledge” “Entertainment” Lesson 2 : “Singing” Exercise N° 94: Write a list of types of music that are named in English. Example: rock, swing, blues, grange, house. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Exercise N° 95: Answer in English. 1) What kind of music do you like? ……………………………………………………………………………………………... 2) Which is your favorite group or singer? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 3) When and where do you usually listen to music? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Listening text: “I´d like to teach the world to sing (in perfect harmony)” (Baker, West &Davis) “I´d like to hold in my arms I´d like to build the world a home And keep it company And furnish it with love I´d like to see the world for once Grow apple trees and honey bees All standing hand in hand And snow - white turtle doves And hear their echo through the hills I´d like to teach the world to sing For peace trough the land (sing with me) (That´s the song I hear) In perfect harmony I´d like to teach the world to sing (perfect harmony) In perfect harmony (Oh yeah, doo, doo, doo). Proverb: “Sensible people will see trouble coming and avoid it, but, an unthinking person will walk right into it and regret it later” ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Date : …………………………………………………………………………..82 (eighty two) 4) What kind of song is this song? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5) What is the theme of the song? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 6) Is the theme of the song positive or negative? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 7) Is it a sad song or a happy song? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 8) Do songs in English help you learn the language? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Exercise N° 96: Traduzca la canción. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Proverb: “Don´t promise to be responsible for someone else´s debts. If you should be unable to pay, they will take away even your bed”. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Date : …………………………………………………………………………..83 (eighty three) Exercise N°97: Realice una pequeña encuesta entre compañeros (as) acerca de las actividades de esparcimiento que realizan, siguiendo el modelo que viene a continuación. ................ people play football on weekends. ................ people go to the movies once a month. ................ people watch TV everyday. ................ people read a book, a novel, or a magazine. ................ people listen to music. ................ people go out to dance on weekends. ................ people share with their friends. ................ people go for a walk with their pets. Exercise N° 98: Combine ambas columnas formando el par correspondiente: Inglés - Castellano. Column A Proverb: Column B 1) movies ......... concierto 1) film ......... ir de compras 2) soap – opera ......... película 3) theater ......... teatro 4) shopping ......... boleto, entrada 5) reading ......... circo 6) rock band ......... lectura 7) concert ......... parque 8) ticket ......... cine 9) songwrite ......... estadio 10) singer ......... compositor (de canciones) 11) stadium ......... telenovela 12) park ......... banda de rock 13) circus .........cantante “Don´t hesitate to discipline a child. A good spanking won´t kill him. As a matter of fact, it may save his life”. ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Date : …………………………………………………………………………..84 (eighty four) GRAMMAR TIPS Conditional Tense El Tiempo Condicional se construye con “would” más el infinitivo del verbo principal (sin “to”). Affirmative Form: Sujeto Auxiliar Verbo Complemento I love to live here. You study Spanish. He learn a foreign language. would like a glass of water. (´d) love a bone She It We go You visit the South of Chile. They travel by train. Exercise N° 99: to the beach. Translate the affirmative form. 1) Me encantaría vivir aquí. 2) ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 3) ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 4) ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 5) ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 6) ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 7) ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 8) ……………………………………………………………………………………….. Interrogative Form: Sujeto Would Proverb: Auxiliar You He She It They Verbo eat learn like eat travel Complemento? an octopus? another language? a lemonade? a beefsteak? by bus? “Son, if you become wise, I will be very happy. I will be proud when I hear you speaking words of wisdom”. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Date : …………………………………………………………………………..85 (eighty five) Exercise N° 100: Translate the interrogative form. 1. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 2. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 5. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. Negative Form: Sujeto I Exercise N°101: Auxiliar negativo Verbo drink You say He work Complemento? alcohol. that. for that company. She would not go to the beach. It (wouldn´t) go to the park. We visit the North of Chile. You travel by plane. They like to be late. Translate the negative form. 1) …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2) …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3) …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4) …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5) …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6) …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 7) …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 8) …………………………………………………………………………………………………… Proverb: “Listen, my son, be wise and give serious thought to the way you live”. …………………………………………………………………………………………………… Date : …………………………………………………………………………..86 (eighty six) “If” clause and the Conditional Tense. Cláusula con “if” y el Tiempo Condicional. If + subject + past simple,+ subject + would + infinitive (sin “to”) Se usa para describir situaciones imaginarias o muy poco probables y el resultado. Examples: 1) If I won the lottery, I would leave my job and travel around the world. (unlikely): ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 2) If I were you, I´d apply for a new job. (imaginary): ………………………………………………………………………………………… Tips: Use el infinitive sin “to” después de “would”. A menudo usamos la forma abreviada de “would”: I´d, you´d, he´d, she´d, it´d, we´d, they´d. Separe las clausulas con una coma. En este tipo de oraciones usamos “were” en vez de “was” para todos los sujetos. Example: If I were you... Exercise N°102: See if you can fill in the gaps using the correct form of the conditional. Then, translate them. 1) If I …………………. you, I ……………………………… how to cook. (be - learn) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2) If I …………............ the lottery, I ……………………… my job. (win – leave) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3) If I …………............ an envelope with a lot of money in it in the street, I …………………. it to the nearest police station. (find – take) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Proverb: “Don’t hesitate to discipline a child. A good spanking won´t kill him. As a matter of fact, it may save his life. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Date : …………………………………………………………………………..87 (eighty seven) 4) If I ………………….. late, ………you……….. my dinner in the oven please?. (arrive – put) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5) If England ……………… the match tonight, they …………………. in the semi-finals!. (win - be) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 6) If I …………. rich, I ………………………..a big, tall house. (be - build) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 7) If I …………………. a hammer, I ………………….. in the morning. (have – hammer) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Exercise N° 103: Translate into Spanish. 1) If I ruled the world, everyday would be the first day of spring. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2) If I had six hands, I´d be able to work faster. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3) If I had more time, I´d learn to play the saxophone. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4) If I were you, I´d buy a new car. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5) I´d look for another job if I were you. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 6) If you wrote a good book, you would be famous. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 7) If she had more patience, she would succeed. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Exercise N° 104: Complete con sus propias palabras en Inglés las siguientes oraciones. 1) If I had the money, ................................................................................................................................. 2) If he acted in TV, .................................................................................................................................... 3) If they kept their savings, ........................................................................................................................ 4) If you studied more, ................................................................................................................................ 5) If elephants had wings, ............................................................................................................................ Proverb: “Don´t associate with people who drink too much wine or stuff themselves with food”. .................................................................................................................................................................. Date : …………………………………………………………………………..88 (eighty eight) Módulo II Unidad 3 : : “Expanding Knowledge” “Entertainment” Lesson 3 : “Who´s the boss here?” Exercise N° 105: Look and discuss. 1) Which of these animals can you see? Underline them. A lion, a tiger, an elephant, a monkey, a horse, a mouse. 2) What do you think the lion is saying? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Proverb: “Drunkards and gluttons will be reduced to poverty. If all you do is eat and sleep, you will soon be wearing rags”. ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………….... Date : …………………………………………………………………………..89 (eighty nine) “Who´s the boss here?” There were a lot of animals at the river and there was a lot of noise. But then the lion came, and the animals were quiet. The lion walked slowly to the river. He looked at the water. He saw his face in the water and he smiled. He liked his big strong face. The lion put his big strong foot on a mouse´s tail. “Who´s the boss here?” the big lion asked. “You are”, the small mouse said nervously. “Right answer”, the lion said. The lion put his face nose – to -nose with a monkey. “Who´s the boss here?” the lion asked. “You are”, the monkey said quickly. “Right answer”, the lion said. Then, the lion saw an elephant. “You! Big Nose!” he said. The elephant did not look at the lion. “Big Nose! I´m talking to you”, the lion said angrily. “I don´t have a nose. I have a trunk”, the elephant said. “OK. Big Trunk. Who´s the boss here?”. The elephant did not answer, but his big long trunk moved quickly. It picked up the lion and threw him into the river. “OK.OK”, the wet lion said. “You´re angry because you don´t know the answer”. Exercise N°106: Translate this text. .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. “Listen to your father; without him you would not exist. When your mother is old, show her your appreciation”. .................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. Proverb: Date : …………………………………………………………………………..90 (ninety) .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. Exercise N°107: Answer in English according to the text. Translate only the question. 1) What happened when the lion came to the river? ............................................................................................................................................................................ .............................................................................................................................................................................. 2) What did the lion do when he saw his face in the water? ............................................................................................................................................................................ .............................................................................................................................................................................. 3) What did the lion like? ............................................................................................................................................................................ .............................................................................................................................................................................. 4) Where did the lion put his big strong foot? ............................................................................................................................................................................ .............................................................................................................................................................................. 5) What was the lion´s question? ............................................................................................................................................................................ .............................................................................................................................................................................. 6) How many animals gave the “right” answer? ............................................................................................................................................................................ .............................................................................................................................................................................. 7) Why was the lion wet? ............................................................................................................................................................................ .............................................................................................................................................................................. 8) According to the lion why was the elephant angry? ............................................................................................................................................................................ .............................................................................................................................................................................. Proverb: “A righteous man´s father has good reason to be happy. You can take pride in a wise son”, .................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. Date : …………………………………………………………………………..91 (ninety one) Exercise N°108: Choose the correct alternative. 1) The animals were quiet because…. a) they wanted to drink b) the lion was there c) there was a lot of noise 2) The mouse ……………….. the right answer. a) did not know b) asked for c) gave 3) The monkey gave …………….. answer. a) the same b) the wrong c) a long 4) Te lion ………………. the elephant. a) was friendly to b) said hello to c) talked to 5) The lion was angry because the elephant…………….. a) had a big nose b) talked c)did not answer 6) The elephant´s trunk was ……………….. a) very strong b) not big c) short 7) The elephant did not …………….. a) know the answer Exercise N°109: Proverb: b) like the question c) throw the lion into the water Finish these words from the story. Adjectives qu…………………… ri………………………….. Adverbs sl………………..ly b…………………….. lo………………………….. ne………………..ly str…………………… w………………………….. qu……………….ly sm…………………… an…………………………. ang………………ly “Don´t be envious of evil people, and don´t try to make friends with them. Causing trouble is all they ever think about; every time they open their mouth someone is going to be hurt”. .................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. Date : …………………………………………………………………………..92 (ninety two) GRAMMAR TIPS Let´s review…. The Possessive Case ( ´s ) En Inglés se usa “´s” para expresar posesión. Se agrega “´s” al sustantivo cuando éste es una persona o animal (el poseedor). Si el sustantivo es un objeto o cosa se usa “of” para expresar posesión. ´s = de (cuando uno de los sustantivos es persona o animal) of = de (cuando ambos sustantivos son objetos o cosas) Exercise N° 110: Complete con “´s” u “of” y tradúzcalas. 1) A mouse ´s tail. : La cola de un ratón. 2) The lion ..... question: ............................................................................... 3) The elephant ...... trunk: ............................................................................... 4) The door ..... the room: ............................................................................... 5) Peter ..... brother: ............................................................................... 6) The pages ...... the book : ............................................................................... 7) Mr. Spencer ..... wife : ............................................................................... 8) Johnson ..... clothes : ............................................................................... 9) Perfume ..... spring : ............................................................................... 10) Miss Scott ..... umbrella : ............................................................................... Si el sustantivo está en su forma plural (en cuyo caso terminará en “s”) sólo se agrega el apóstrofe (´). Examples: Proverb: The girls ........ bedroom. : ............................................................................... The Carters ...... house. : ............................................................................... The boys ....... parents. : ............................................................................... The pupils ....... uniform. : ............................................................................... The teachers ...... room. : ............................................................................... “Being wise is better than being strong; yes, knowledge is more important than strength”. ........................................................................................................................................................... Date : …………………………………………………………………………..93 (ninety three) Exercise N° 111: Indique la relación de posesión o pertenencia usando el Caso Posesivo (´s) o la preposición “of”. 1) ..................................................................... is red (El auto del Sr. Strout) 2) .....................................................................is on the desk. (El cuaderno del profesor) 3) .....................................................................are white. (Las piezas de la casa) 4) ..................................................................... is beautiful. (El vestido de Alicia) 5) ..................................................................... are written in English. (Las páginas del libro) 6) ..................................................................... is blue and white. (El uniforme de las niñas) 7) .....................................................................are seven. (Los días de la semana) Exercise N° 112: Translate these sentences. 1) The lion put his big strong foot on a mouse´s tail. …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2) The elephant’s trunk was very strong. …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3) The lion´s question was: “Who´s the boss here?” …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4) The pupils´ uniform is blue and gray. …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5) The cat´s milk is in a bottle. …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6) The girl´s dress is pink and black. …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 7) The young man wanted to buy the old man´s donkey. …………………………………………………………………………………………………… Proverb: “If you are weak in a crisis, you are weak indeed”. …………………………………………………………………………………………………… Date …………………………………………………………………………..94 (ninety four) : Exercise N° 113: Ordene en Inglés las siguientes palabras formando una oración lógica. Luego tradúzcalas. 1) Peter ´s is a mechanic brother .................................................................................................. .................................................................................................. 2) The doctor´s near his house office is .................................................................................................. .................................................................................................. 3) My brother´s Ferdinand is name .................................................................................................. .................................................................................................. 4) Philip´s sweater is white .................................................................................................. .................................................................................................. 5) The boys´ are Chilean parents .................................................................................................. .................................................................................................. 6) The girls’ is upstairs bedroom´ .................................................................................................. .................................................................................................. 7) Alice´s a nurse is mother .................................................................................................. .................................................................................................. Proverb: “No matter how often and honest man falls, he always gets up again; but disaster destroys ___________the wicked” ...................................................................................................................................................... .. …………………………………………………………………………………………………. Date : …………………………………………………………………………..95 (ninety five) Módulo II Unidad 3 : : “Expanding Knowledge” “Entertainment” Lesson 4 : “Who do you believe?” Exercise N° 114: Look and guess. 1) Which part of the world does this old story come from? 2) Which person says….? The old man or the young man? 1) your donkey …………………………………. 2) please …………………………………. 3) I´m sorry …………………………………. 4) my donkey …………………………………. Proverb: “Don´t hesitate to rescue someone who is about to be executed unjustly”. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Date : …………………………………………………………………………..96 (ninety six) Exercise N° 115: Read the story and correct these sentences. 1) The young man wanted to buy the old man´s donkey. (………………………………………..………..) 2) The old man said, “I´m sorry, but the donkey is ill. (………………………………………..………..) 3) The young man was angry when he saw the donkey. (………………………………………..………..) 4) The old man gave a clever answer to an easy question. (………………………………………..………..) Who do you believe? This is a famous story about an old man and his donkey. This old man lived in a village in a warm country a long time ago. One day a young man came to the old man´s house and said, “Can I use your donkey today, please? My two donkeys are ill, and you´re not using yours”. The old man knew this young man well. The young man was not kind to animals and often hit his donkeys. So his donkeys were often ill. The old man did not want to say “Yes”, but he could not say “No”, because he was very polite. So he said, “I´m sorry, but my donkey isn´t here. My son is using it”. The man did not believe this because the old man´s son had three donkeys. Then the old man´s donkey made a loud noise, and the young man heard it. The young man was angry and say, “I can hear the donkey in your garden. How can you say it isn´t here?” This was a difficult question, but the old man always had an answer for difficult questions. He looked at the young man and said, “Who do you believe? Me or donkey?” “Truth, wisdom, learning, and good sense - these are worth paying for, but too valuable for you to sell”. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Proverb: Date : …………………………………………………………………………..97 (ninety seven) Exercise N° 116: Translate the text. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Exercise N° 117: Choose a, b or c. 1) The young man´s donkeys were a) not at home b) not well c) happy 2) The young man was ………….. with animals a) careful b) clever c) not good b) say “Yes” c) use his donkey 3) The old man wanted to …… a) be polite Proverb: “Don´t be glad when your enemy meets disaster, and don´t rejoice when he stumbles”. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… Date : …………………………………………………………………………..98 (ninety eight) 4) The old man´s son did not really have ……… a) the old man´s donkey b) three donkeys c) any donkeys 5) The young man thought the old man´s answer was……. a) not true b) not polite c) not clever 6) Then the young man heard ……….. a) the old man´s donkey b) a little noise c) the garden 7) The young man´s question was ………. a) very polite Exercise N° 118: 1) ……… b) angry c) kind Write True (T) or False (F) according to the text. Then, translate them. In the story, the donkey was in the garden. ……………………………………………………………………………………. 2) ……… In the story, there were two donkeys. ……………………………………………………………………………………. 3) ……… In the story, the donkey was in the street. ……………………………………………………………………………………. 4) ……… In the story, the young man saw the donkey. ……………………………………………………………………………………. 5) ……… In the story, the young man only heard the donkey. ……………………………………………………………………………………. 6) ……… In the story, the old man lived in a village in a cold country. ……………………………………………………………………………………. 7) ……… In the story, the young man´s donkeys were ill. ……………………………………………………………………………………. 8) ……… In the story, the young man often hit his donkeys. ……………………………………………………………………………………. 9) ……… In the story, the old man told the young man the truth. ……………………………………………………………………………………. 10) ……… In the story, the old man always had an answer for difficult questions. ……………………………………………………………………………………. Proverb: “It is wrong for a judge to be prejudiced”. …………………………………………………………………………………………………… Date : …………………………………………………………………………..99 (ninety nine) Módulo II Unidad 3 : : “Expanding Knowledge” “Entertainment” Lesson 5 : “The crow and the water jar” Exercise N° 119: Look at the picture and answer in English. 1) What is the crow doing? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2) What can you see near the water jar? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3) What is the weather like? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… Proverb: “Don´t let evil people worry you; don´t envious of them. A wicked person has no future – nothing to look forward to”. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… Date : …………………………………………………………………………..100 (one hundred) Exercise N° 120: Read and answer: True or False? 1) …… The water was at the bottom of the jar. 2) …… The crow broke the jar. 3) …… The crow moved the jar. 4) …… In the end, the crow got some water. 5) …… This story teaches us something. 6) …… He weather was cold and wet. 7) …… The crow was thirsty. The crow and the water jar The weather was hot and dry. There was no water, and the crow was thirsty. It looked for water but it did not find any. The crow thought, “I will die if I can´t find water”. Then the crow saw a water jar in a garden. The crow flew to the jar, looked into it and saw water. The crow put its head into the jar and tried to drink. But the jar´s neck was narrow, and the water was at the bottom. The crow could not get the water. It tried again and again, but it could not drink the water. It tried to break the jar, but the jar was too strong. Then the crow tried to push the jar onto its side, but the jar was too heavy. The crow looked at the jar for a long time and thought. Then it picked up a small stone and put the stone into the jar. The crow picked up another stone and put it into the jar, and another and another and another. The stones went to the bottom of the jar, and the water came slowly up and up and up. And then the crow could drink the water. The moral of this story is: Most problems have an answer, so don´t stop trying. Proverb: “Don´t build your house and establish a home until your fields are ready, and you are sure that you can earn a living”. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Date : …………………………………………………………………………..101 (one hundred one) Exercise N° 121: Translate the text. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Exercise N° 122: Answer the questions. 1) How did the crow try to get the water? First, the crow put ……………………………………………………………………………………….. Then, it tried to …………………………………………………………………………………………… Then, it tried to …………………………………………………………………………………………… Finally, the crow put ……………………………………………………………………………………… 2) What is the moral of the story? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Proverb: “An honest answer is a sign of true friendship”. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Date : …………………………………………………………………………..102 (one hundred two) Exercise N° 123: Choose a, b or c. 1) The crow was thirsty because…. a) it was nearly dead b)it could not find water c)the water was hot 2) The crow was …………… the neck of the jar. a) wider than b)as wide as c) not as wide as b) and drank c) at the bottom b)too heavy for the crow c) on its side b) a lot of jars c) only big stones 3) It put its head into the jar…….. a) many times 4) The jar was …….. a) very big and strong 5) The crow used….. a) a lot of stones 6) The crow could drink because …………. the jar a) the stones broke b) some water came out of c) there was water near the top of 7) This story has a ………….. at the end. a) moral Exercise N° 124: b) problem c) answer Read and answer. “The crow and the water jar is a fable. A fable is a story with a moral at the end. Most fables are about animals”. Do you know any fables? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Proverb: “People who promise things that they never give are like clouds and wind that bring no rain”. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… -103- (one hundred and three) A & a a few a long time a little while later a lot a lot of a pair of trousers abandon (to) abdomen ability able about abstinence accept (to) acceptable access (to) accident according acquire (to) act (to) action actress ad add (to) addition address addressed adjective administrative advantage adverb advertisement advertising advice advisable advise (to) adviser aerobics affirmative after afternoon again again and again against age ageism agency agent ago agree (to) agreement AIDS AIDS alcohol Alice all of them all allow (to) allowed almost along the way : (and) y. : un, una. : algunos. : mucho tiempo : poco tiempo después. : mucho. : mucho(a)(s). : unos pantalones. : abandonar. : abdomen. : habilidad. : capaz. : a cerca de, respecto a. : abstinencia. : aceptar. : aceptable. : acceder . : accidente. : de acuerdo. : adquirir. : actuar. : acción. : actriz. : aviso, anuncio. : sumar. : suma. : dirección, domicilio. : dirigida. : adjetivo. : administrativo. : ventaja. : adverbio. : aviso, anuncio : publicidad. : consejo(s). : aconsejable. : aconsejar. : consejero. : aerobic. : afirmativo. : después, después de, después que. : tarde. : de nuevo, otra vez. : repetidamente, una y otra vez : contra, en contra de. : edad, era. : discriminación contra la gente de edad avanzada. : agencia. : agente. : hace, atrás. : estar de acuerdo. : acuerdo. : SIDA. : (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) (Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida : alcohol. : Alicia. : todos ellos. : todo(a)(s). : permitir, dejar. : pasado y participio de “to allow”. : casi. : por el camino. alongside Alps already also alternative although always America among amount an anal ancestor and angel anger angrily angry animal animation annoy (to) annoyed another answer1(to) answer2 any anymore anything appear (to) apple tree apply (to) appointments appreciate (to) appreciation appropriate architect are they are we are you are are going to argument arithmetic arms around arrive (to) arrogant articles as as …….. as as a matter of fact as much as ass soon as as well as ask (to) ask for (to) aspect aspirin assess (to) assign (to) assistant associate (to) association at at first at least : junto. : Alpes. : ya. : también. : alternativa. : aunque. : siempre. : América. : entre. : cantidad. : un, una. : anal. : antepasado. : y; ni (en oración negativa) : ángel. : ira, furia, cólera. : furiosamente. : enojado. : animal. : animación. : molestar, fastidiar, enfadar. : enfadado, enojado. : otro (a). : responder. : respuesta. : cualquier(a) ninguna. : nunca mas. : algo, alguna cosa; (negative) nada. : aparecer. : manzano. : postular. : citas. : apreciar. : agradecimiento, gratitud. : apropiado. : arquitecto. : son o están. : ellos son o están, tienen. : nosotros somos o estamos; tenemos. : Tú eres, estás, tienes, estés. : vas a. : discusión. : aritmética. : brazos. : alrededor de. : llegar. : arrogante. : artículos. : como. : tan(to)…… como. : de hecho, en realidad. : tanto como (sea). : tan pronto como, en cuanto. : tan bien como. : preguntar. : pedir, solicitar. : aspecto. : aspirina. : evaluar, valorar. : asignar. : ayudante, dependiente, auxiliar. : relacionarse. : asociación. : en, en el, en la, a la(s) (hora),a. : al principio. : al menos. at present ate attack attitude attractive authorities authority automated available avoid (to) avoided : ahora, actualmente. : pasado del verbo to eat (comer). : ataque. : actitud. : atractivo(a). : autoridades. : autoridad. :automáticos. : disponible. : evitar. : pasado y participio de “to avoid”. B baby baby oil back bad bad cold ball ballet ban (to) band aid bank banned : bebé, guagua : aceite de bebé : espalda, fondo : mal, males, malo(a) : fuerte resfrío : pelota, balón : ballet : prohibir, excluir, suspender : parche curita : banco : prohibido, suspendido, excluido. barrier : barrera based : basada bath : baño be (to) : ser o estar; tener be able (to) : ser capaz be about to (to) : estar a punto de ….. be afraid (to) : tener miedo be cold (to) : tener frío be different(to) : diferenciarse be fed up with (to) : estar harto(a) de be frightened : tener miedo be glad (to) : alegrarse be hot (to) : tener calor be hungry : tener hambre be late (to) : llegar tarde, tardar be lazy : flojear be old (to) : tener edad be prejudiced (to) : tener prejuicios be reduced to poverty : verse sumidos en la pobreza. be right (to) : tener razón be sleepy (to) : tener sueño be sorry (to) : sentir, lamentar be thirsty : tener sed beach : playa beautiful : hermoso(a)(s) became : pasado del verbo “to become” because : porque, a causa de become (to) : llegar a ser o estar bed : cama bedroom : dormitorio bee : abeja beefsteak : bistec been : sido, estado beer : cerveza -104- (one hundred and four) before began begin (to) begun behaviour being believe (to) below benefits Benny best better between big big nose big trunk biking bird birth bit bite (to) bitter black blackboard blame (to) blood blue board body bone book boots boring borrow (to) boss bosses both both of them bottle bottom bought box boy branches bread break (to) break up (to) breakfast breast bright bring (to) broadcast broadcast (to) broke broken brother brought brown browser : antes, antes de, antes que. : pasado del verbo “to begin” : empezar : empezado : conducta : ser, estar : creer : de abajo : beneficios : Benito : mejor, mejores : mejor : entre, entremedio : gran, grande(s) : narizota : trompudo : ciclismo : pájaro, ave : nacimiento : poco, trozo, pedacito : morder : amargo : negro : pizarrón (negro) : culpar : sangre. : azul : pizarrón : cuerpo : hueso : libro : botas : aburrido : pedir prestado : jefe, patrón : los jefes : ambos(as), los dos : ambos : botella : fondo : pasado y participio de “to buy” : recuadro; caja : niño : sucursales : pan : romper, quebrar : disolver, romper : desayuno : pecho : brillante : traer : pasado y participio de “to broadcast”. : emitir, transmitir. : pasado del verbo “to break” : roto, quebrado : hermano : pasado y participío del verbo “to bring” (traer) : café, castaño : navegador build (to) building built bungle(to) burden bus buses business busy but button buy (to) by by contrast : construir, edificar : construyendo : pasado y participio de “to build” : chapucear (hacer las cosas a la ligera, de prisa y mal) : carga : bus, micro : buses, micros : negocio : ocupado : pero, sino : botón : comprar : por; al; en. : en cambio C cable calcium calendar call (to) called calls came came out came up (to) campaign can can not can’t canned capable car(s) care care about (to) care for (to) career careful carefully careless caring for carpenter carriage case cashier casino cast cat catch (to) catch a cold (to) caught cause (to) CD (Compact Disc) celebrated century : cable : calcio : calendario : llamar : llamado (a)(s) : llamadas. : pasado del verbo “to come” : pasado del verbo “come out” : pasado del verbo “to come up” : campaña : poder (verbo) Ex: I can = yo puedo : can’t Ex: I can’t = yo no puedo : no poder : envasado(a), en tarro : capaz : auto(s) : cuidado : preocupar, importar. : cuidar, atender. : carrera : cuidadoso : cuidadosamente. : descuidado, poco cuidadoso. : cuidar, atender. : carpintero : carruaje : caso : cajero(a) : casino (casa de juegos) : reparto : gato : coger, agarrar, atrapar. : resfriarse : pasado y participio de de “to catch”. : causar : disco compacto : celebrada : siglo certain cervix 1 change (to) 2 change changed character characteristic Charly 1 chat (to) 2 chat check (to) checklist cheer up (to) cheerful cheese child childhood children Chilean chip choice choose (to) chose chosen cinema circle (to) circus city claim (to) class classes classmate 1 clean (to) 2 clean clear clearly clerk clever click (to) clicking client(s) climb (to) climbing close (to) clothes cloud clumsiness coat code coffee coincidence cold collection color(s) comb combination come (to) come out (to) : cierto(a)(s) : cuello del útero : cambiar : cambio : pasado y participio de “to change” : personaje : características : Carlitos : charlar, chatear. : charla, chateo : revisar. : lista de verificación lista de control. : animarse, alegrarse. : alegre, animada. : queso : niño(a), hijo(a) : niñez : niños(as), hijos(as) : Chileno(a) : chip : elección : escoger, elegir. : pasado del verbo “to choose”. : escogido, elegido. : cine : encerrar en un círculo : circo : ciudad. : reclamar : clase : clases : compañero de curso. : limpíar : limpio(a) : claro(a) : claramente : empleado : listo(a), inteligente, ingenioso(a) : hacer clic : hacer clic, haciendo clic : clientes : trepar, subir. : ascendente(s), trepar. : cerrar : ropa : nube : torpeza : abrigo : código : café : coincidencia : frío, helado; resfriado : colección : color(es) : panal : combinación : venir, llegar : salir -105- (one hundred and five) come to terms (to) come up (to) comedy comfort (to) coming commerce committed common communication community company compared to complementary complicated components composition comprehend (to) computation computer conceited concentrate (to) concentrating concert concise condemn (to) condition conditional condom conduct (to) conducting connected connection consequence consider (to) consist (to) constant consult (to) contact contain (to) containing content continue (to) contraceptive contract contrast control (to) controls 1 cook 2 cook (to) coordinator copybook 1 correct (to) 2 correct corrected correction correspondence cosmetics cost (to) could not could : terminar : subir : comedia : consolar : venir, que viene : comercio : comprometido(a) : común : comunicación : comunidad. : compañía : comparado con : complementario(s) : complicado(a) : componentes : composición. : comprender : computación : computacional, computador(a) : engreído(a), presuntuoso(a), vanidoso(a) : concentrar(se) : concentrándose. : concierto : conciso(a) : condenar. : condición : condicional : condón, preservativo. : conducir, guiar. : conducir. : relacionadas : conexión : consecuencia : considerar : consistir : constante : consultar : contacto : contener : que contienen : contenido : continuar : anticonceptivo(a) : contrato : contraste : controlar : controla : cocinero(a) : cocinar : coordinador. : cuaderno : corregir : correcto(a) : corregido(a) : corrección : correspondencia : cosméticos : costar : couldn’t : pasado del verbo Can (poder) : pasado negativo del verbo Can (poder) Ex: I couldn’t = yo no pude count (to) : contar count up (to) : contar country : país, campo courses : cursos court : tribunal, juzgado cow : vaca CPU (Central Processing Unit) : Unidad Central de Procesamiento couldn’t craftsman cream creative crisis crooked crow cruel crush (to) 1 cry 2 cry (to) culture cup curriculum 1 curse 2 curse (to) 1 cut 2 cut 3 cut (to) cuts CV : artesano : crema : creativo. : crisis : tortuoso(a), torcido(a) : cuervo : cruel : abatir, aplastar, destruir. : grito, llanto : gritar, llorar : cultura : copa : currículum : maldición. : maldecir : pasado y participio del verbo “to cut” (cortar) : corte (herida) : cortar, reducir : corta : Curriculum Vitae D ‘d dam dance (to) danger dangerous dark dark brown dark violet data show data date daughter day care day dead deal with (to) dealt with death debt decide (to) : decidir decided decimal deep : would : dique, barrera : bailar : peligro : peligroso : oscuro(a); oscuridad. : café oscuro, castaño oscuro : morado : (espectáculo de datos); data show : datos : fecha : hija : guardería : día : muerto : tratar con ; lidiar con : pasado y participio de ¨to deal with¨ : muerte : deuda : pasado y participio ¨to decide¨ : decimal : profundo(a) dehydrate (to) delicious delinquent deliver (to) delivering dental dentist department depressed deprive (to) deprived description design (to) desk dessert destiny destroy (to) destructive details detective device diabetes dialog dialogue dictate (to) dictionary did not 1 did 2 did didn’t die (to) diet dieter difference different difficulty difficult digital dinner diploma direct ( to) dirty disability disagree (to) disaster disciplinary discipline (to) discrimination discuss (to) disease disgusted dish dishes dishonest dishonestly dismissal display (to) distribute (to) divide (to) division(s) : deshidratar : delicioso(a) : delincuente : entregar : entregando : dental : dentista : departamento : deprimido(a) : privarse : deprimido : descripción : diseñar : escritorio : postre : destino : destruir : destructivo : detalles : detective : aparato : diabetes : diálogo : diálogo : dictar : diccionario : didn’t : auxiliar del tiempo pasado (no se traduce) : pasado del verbo to do : hacer : no ( en tiempo pasado) : morir : dieta : dietero(a) : diferencia : diferente : dificultad : difícil : digital : cena : diploma : dirigir : sucio(a) : invalidez, discapacidad : no estar de acuerdo : desastre : disciplinario(a) : disciplinar : discriminación : discutir : enfermedad : indignado, asqueado : plato : platos : deshonesto : deshonestamente : despido : visualizar, exhibir : distribuir : dividir : división(es) -106- (one hundred and six) 1 do (to) do 2 do not doctor document 1 does 2 does does not doesn’t doing don’t donate (to) donkey don’t door double (to) download (to) downtown draft drama drank draw (to) dream dress drew drink one’s fill (to) drink (to) drive (to) driven drivers driving drop (to) drove drug dealer drunkard dry duration during duties duty dying : hacer : auxiliar del tiempo presente (no se traduce) : don’t : dortor(a) : documento : hace : auxiliar del tiempo presente (no se traduce) : doesn’t : no ( en tiempo presente con he-she-it) : haciendo, hacer : no ( en tiempo presente con I- you-we-they) : donar : burro : no ( en tiempo presente) : puerta : duplicar : bajar, descargar,transferir datos : centro de la ciudad : borrador : drama, obra dramática : pasado del verbo “to drink” ( beber) : dibujar : sueño : vestido : pasado del verbo “to draw” : beber hasta hartarse : beber, tomar (líquidos) : conducir, manejar : conducido : conductores : conduciendo, conducir : caérsele a uno : pasado del verbo “to drive” ( manejar) : traficante de drogas : borracho : seco : duración : durante : deberes : deber : morir, muriendo E each each other eager ear(s) early earn (to) earn a living (to) earned Earth easy eat (to) : cada : mutuamente : ansioso, ávido. : oreja(s), oido(s) : temprano : ganar : ganarse la vida : pasado y participio de “to earn” : Tierra (planeta) : fácil : comer echo educate (to) education effective effort eight eighteen eighty either electronic elephant eleven elliptical e-mail emergencies employ (to) employee employer employment empty encounter 1 end 2 end (to) enemy energy engage in (to) enginerer England English enjoy (to) enjoyable enough enter (to) entertainment enthusiasm entitlement entry envelope envious environment equipment errands especially essential establish (to) even even though evening ever every everyday everything everywhere evil evolve (to) exact exactly exam example : eco : educar : educación : efectivo(a) : esfuerzo : ocho : dieciocho : ochenta : ni el uno ni el otro, los dos, ambos; tampoco : electrónico : elefante : once : elíptico : correo electrónico : emergencias : emplear : empleado : empleador : empleo : vacío(a) : encuentro. : final, final : acabar, terminar. : enemigo : energía : ocuparse en, dedicarse a : ingeniero : Inglaterra : inglés(a)(s) : disfrutar : agradable, divertido : suficiente : entrar : entretenimiento, diversión. : entusiasmo : derecho : entrada, ingreso : sobre (de carta) : envidioso : ambiente : equipo, material. : diligencias : especialmente : esencial : establecer : aún : aún cuando, aunque : tarde, noche. : siempre; nunca (con oraciones negativas); alguna vez (en preguntas) : cada, todos(as) : todos los días : todo : todas partes : malo(a), malvado(a). : evolucionar : exacto : exactamente : examen : ejemplo exceed (to) exciting executed exercise (to) exercises exhibition exist (to) expand (to) expect (to) expectation experience (to) 1 experience 2 experience (to) experienced explain (to) explorer extra eyes : exceder : emocionante : ejecutado, ajusticiado : ejercitar : ejercicios : exposición. : existir : ampliar, expander, aumentar. : esperar : expectativa : experimentar : experiencia : experimentar : experiementado : explicar : explorador : extra : ojos F fable face facebook fact factory fail (to) fair fairly fall (to) false family famous far away farmer fast food fast faster fat father fatten (to) faults favorite 1 favour 2 favour (to) feasting feature (to) feature featuring fed up with feel (to) feelings feet felt female Ferdinand few fibre field fifteen fifty : fábula : cara, rostro : facebook : hecho : fábrica : fallar, fracasar : justo : justamente : caer : falso : familia. : famoso(a) : lejanas : granjero, agricultor : comida rápida, comida chatarra : rápido(a) : más rápido : gordo(a) : padre, papa : engordar : defectos, faltas. : favorito(a) : favor : favorecer : festejar : tener como protagonista. : aspecto, rasgo : teniendo como protagonista : harto de : sentir(se) : sentimientos : pies : pasado del verbo “to feel” : femenino, hembra : Fernando : poco(s) : fibra : campo (de trabajo) : quince : cincuenta -107- (one hundred and seven) file(s) fill in (to) fill up (to) film final finally find (to) find out (to) fine finest fingers finish (to) first fit (to) fitness five fix (to) fixes flew floor floss flow flown fluctuate (to) fly (to) flying foams follow (to) following food fool foolish things foolish foolishness foot football player for for a living force out (to) forced out foreign forgave forget (to) forgive (to) forgiven forgot forgotten form form(s) formula fortunate forty found out found fountain : archivo(s) : rellenar : hartar : película, capa : final : finalmente : encontrar : averiguar : bien, excelente. : más exquisita : dedos (de las manos) : terminar : primero(a) : acomodar, ajustar. : buen estado fisico. : cinco : reparar : reparar. : pasado de “to fly” : piso : hilo dental : flujo : volado : fluctuar : volar : volando : espumas : seguir : siguiente : comida, alimento. : tonto, necio : tonteras : tontera, tonto. : tonterías, estupideces : pie, pata (animal) : jugador de fútbol, futbolista : por, para, durante, a causa de, a favor de, a pesar de. : para vivir, para ganarse la vida. : sacar a la fuerza : pasado y participio de “to force out” : entranjero : pasado del verbo “to forgive” : olvidar : perdonar : perdonado : pasado del verbo “to forget” : olvidado. : formulario, forma : forma(s) : fórmula : afortunado(s) : cuarenta : pasado y participio de “to find out” : pasado y participio del verbo “to find” : fuente four fourteen fraction free of charge free French fresh Friday friend friendly friendship frightened from front desk front office frozen fruit fuel full full time funny furnish (to) future : cuatro : catorce : fracción : gratis : libre : Francés (a)(s) : fresco(a)(s) : Viernes : amigo(a) : amistoso : amistad : asustado : de, desde. : recepción : oficina central : congelado(a)(s) : fruta(s) : combustible : lleno, completo : tiempo completo : divertido : amueblar o amoblar : futuro G gain (to) gained : ganar : pasado y participio de “to gain” game (match) : partido gap : espacio, brecha gather (to) : recolectar gathering : recolectando gave : pasado del verbo to give (dar) gel : gel gels : geles general : general generally : generalmente, por lo general genre : género gentle : bondadoso, tierno, dulce German : Alemán (a)(s) get (to) : obtener,conseguir. get drunk (to) : emborracharse get in the way (to) : interferir, entorpecer el camino get into (to) : entrar en get into trouble (to) : meterse en un lío get tested (to) : someterse a una prueba get up (to) : levantarse gift : regalo girl : niña, chica give (to) : dar giving : dando glass : vaso global : global globe : globo gloomy : melancólico glutton : glotón go (to) : ir go for a walk (to) : dar un paseo go hungry (to) : pasar hambre go out (to) go round (to) go up the ladder (to) went up the ladder goals God going gold good good sense gossip got grades graduate (to) grammar grandchildren grandma grandson granny graphics gray great green greet (to) grew grief grow (to) grown guess (to) guide guilty guitar : salir, apagarse : girar alrrededor de : ascender : ascendió : goles, metas, objetivos : Dios : ir; yendo : oro : bien,bueno(a)(s) : sensatez : chisme, chismoso : presente y pasado de “to get” : notas : graduar(se), licenciarse : gramática, grammatical(es) : nietos : abuela : nieto : abuela : gráficos : gris, plomo : gran, grande(s) : verde : saludar : pasado del verbo “to grow” : dolor , pena : cultivar : cultivado : adivinar : guía : culpable : guitarra H habits hacker had hair hair dresser hair styling hammer (to) hammer hand(s) hand in hand handkerchief hang (to) happen (to) happened happy hard hard - working hard-boiled eggs harder hardware harmony harsh harvest (to) has has to 1 hate : hábitos : pirata cibernético : pasado del verbo to have(tener, haber) : pelo, cabello : peluquero : peluquería estilista : martillar : martillo : mano(s) : cogidos de la mano : pañuelo : colgar : suceder, ocurrir : pasado y participio de “to happen” : feliz, felices : duro, difícil, mucho : trabajador, laborioso. : huevos cocidos (duros) : más duro, arduamente : soporte físico : armonía : áspero,cruel, severo : cosechar : tiene, ha,se ha : tiene que : odio -108- (one hundred and eight) 2 hate (to) hateful have (to) : odiar : odioso, repugnante : tener, haber, servirse(alimentos) have a bath (to) : bañarse have a shower (to) : darse una ducha have a temperature (to): tener fiebre have been : ha sido have to (to) : tener que he : él 1 he is : él es o esta ; tiene 2 he is : él sea he’s going to : él va a head : cabeza headache : dolor de cabeza health : salud healthful : saludable, sano healthier : más sano(a) healthy : sano (a),saludable hear (to) : oír heard : pasado y participio de “to hear” heart : corazón heavy : pesado held : pasado y participio de “to hold” 1 help : ayuda 2 help (to) : ayudar helpless : indefenso her : su , sus (de ella); ella here you are : aquí lo tienes here : aquí hesitate (to) : vacilar, dudar hi : hola high : alto high blood pressure : presión alta. high school : enseñanza media, liceo high - risk : alto riesgo. hill : colina him : lo, a él himself : él mismo; así mismo his : su, sus (de él) hit (to) : golpear, pegar hit : pasado y participio de “to hit” HIV : Human Immunodeficiency Virus (Virus de inmunodeficiencia humana) HIV : VIH hold (to) : tener, desempeñar hole : agujero, hoyo. holiday : vacaciones home : casa, hogar home page : página principal del sitio web. homework : tarea(s) homophobia : homofobia honest : honesto honestly : honestamente honey : miel honey bee : abeja melífera honourable : honorable 1 hope hope (to) hormone horse host (to) host/bus person 2 hot hot temper hotel hour house housekeeping how how long how many how much how often how old HTML human humble hundred hung hurt hurt (to) hurting hyperlinks : esperanza : esperar : hormona : caballo : albergar, hospedar. : acomodador de personas en un bus : caliente, cálido : genio violento : hotel : hora : casa : limpieza y mantenimiento : cómo : cuánto tiempo : cuántos(as) : cuánto(a) : cuán a menudo, cuántas veces. : qué edad : Hyper Text Markup Language (Lenguaje de Etiquetación de Hipertexto) : humano(a) : humilde : cien : pasado y participio de “to hang” : pasado y participio del verbo “to hurt” (herir) : lastimar, herir, doler ( my back hurts : me duele la espalda) : lastimando, hiriendo : hipervínculos I I I’m going to I’m sorry icon idea identify (to) identity if if I were ignorance ignore (to) ill illness illustrate (to) image imaginary immediately immune immunodeficiency impatience impatient importance important importantly : yo : yo voy a : lo lamento : ícono : idea. : identificar : identidad : si (condicional) : si yo fuese : ignorancia : ignorar : enfermo : enfermedad : ilustrar : imagen : imaginario : inmediatamente : inmune : inmunodeficiencia : impaciencia : impaciente : importancia : importante : importante impossible impresive in in court in fact in length in order to in tens in the end include (to) including income increase (to) increasingly incurable indeed index indicate (to) indifferent individuals indoors infect (to) infection infinitive information inherit (to) injection inner innocent inquiries insert (to) inside instead institute instruction insult (to) insulted insulting intelligent interactive internet interrogative interval interview (to) interviewed into introduce (to) introduction investigate (to) investment is fattening is going to is gone is it : imposible : impresionante : en, dentro de. : ante el tribunal. : de hecho : de extensión : para : por decenas : al fin : incluir. : incluir, incluyendo : ingresos, renta : aumentar : cada vez más : incurable : efectivamente, realmente de verdad. : índice : indicar : indiferente : individuos : en casa, dentro de la casa : infectar : infección : infinitivo. : información : heredar : inyección : interior : inocente : preguntas, investigaciones : introducir, insertar. : interior : en vez, en lugar. : instituto : instrucción : insultar : pasado y participio de “to insult” : insultante, ofensivo. : inteligente : interactivo : interredes : interogativo(a) : intervalo : entrevistar : pasado y participio de “to interview”. : en, dentro de : introducir, presentar. : presentación, recomendación : investigar : inversiones : engordar : va a : se va : es, está, tiene, hace, vale, cuesta : lo, la; esto, como -109- (one hundred and nine) it is it’s item its IUD pronombre neutro no se traduce : es, esta, tiene, hace, vale, es la, son las (hora) : es, está, tiene, hace, vale. : ítem : su, sus (neutro) : Intrauterine Device (dispositivo intrauterino) J jar jewel job(s) jog (to) jogging join (to) joined journalist joy joystick 1 judge 2 judge (to) juice junk just justice : vasija : joya : trabajo(s) : trotar : hacer footing, trote. : unir(se) : pasado y participio de “to join” : periodista : alegría, gozo : joystick (palanca de mando) : juez : juzgar : jugo : chatarra : justo, sólo, solamente, tal. : justicia K keep (to) keep company (to) keeping kept key keyboard kidding kill (to) kilogram kilometres kind kiss (to) kissing knew know (to) knowledge known : mantener. : hacer compañía : manteniendo, mantener. : pasado y participio de “to keep” : clave, llave : teclado : broma : matar : kilogramo : kilómetros : tipo, bondadoso, amable : besar : besando : pasado del verbo “to know” : saber, conocer. : conocimiento. : conocido(a) L ‘ll labor labour labour party lamp land landscape languaje(s) large larger 1 last 2 last (to) last night : auxiliar del tiempo futuro. : labor, trabajo : labor, trabajo : partido laboral : lámpara : tierra : paisaje : idioma(s), lenguaje : gran, grande. : más grande : último(a), pasado(a) : durar : anoche late later latex lazy 1 lead : tarde : más tarde. : látex : flojo(a), perezoso(a). : pasado y participio de “to lead” 2 lead (to) : llevar, conducir, dirigir. leaflet : folleto league : liga learn (to) : aprender learning : aprendiendo, aprendizaje, aprender. learnt : pasado y participio del verbo “to learn” leave (to) : partir, abandonar, dejar. leaving : partiendo 1 left : izquierdo(a) 2 left : pasado y participio del verbo “to leave” legally : legalmente legs : piernas lemonade : limonada lend (to) : prestar lender : prestamista length : duración lent : pasado y participio de “to lend” less : menos lesson : lección let (to) : dejar let : pasado y participio de “to let” let’s : vamos a letter of introduction : carta de recomendación. letter : carta letting : dejar, dejando. level : nivel life : vida light : liviano, claro light blue : celeste light brown : café claro, café castaño light green : verde claro light meal : colación 1 like : como 2 like (to) : gustar, agradar. likes : gustos, le gusta limit : límite line guard : guarda línea link : vínculo, enlace. link together (to) : vincularse, relacionarse. lion : león list : lista listen to (to) : escuchar. little : poco, pequeño little bit : poquito live (to) : vivir 1 lives : vidas 2 lives : vive living : viviendo load (to) : cargar loading : cargando locate (to) : localizar, ubicar. location log in (to) log on (to) logging in logically loneliness long long time look (to) look after (to) look at (to) look depressed (to) look for (to) look forward to (to) look into (to) looking for Lord lose (to) loss lots of lottery loud love (to) low lower lower and lower loyal lubricant luck luxury lying : ubicación. : entrar (en el sistema) : entrar (en el sistema) : entrar (en el sistema) : lógicamente : soledad : largo(a) : mucho tiempo : mirar : cuidar : mirar : parecer deprimido. : buscar : esperar (con ansia) : investigar. : buscando : Señor : perder. : pérdida. : mucho(a)s : lotería : vulgar, ordinario, fuerte. : amar, adorar, encantar. : bajo(a) : más bajo(a) : cada vez más baja. : leal : lubricante : suerte : lujo : mentiroso machismo Madam : machismo : señora, Sra. M made : pasado y participio de “to make” magazine : revista mail : correo maintain (to) : mantener maintenance : mantenimiento. make (to) : hacer, fabricar. make angry (to) : enojar make depressed (to) : deprimir make slim (to) : adelgazar makes : hace male : masculino, macho. mall : centro comercial man : hombre manager : gerente manipulate (to) : manipular. manner : manera many : muchos(as) Mary : María mason : albañil match : partido (juego) match (to) : combinar, formar pares. material : material Math : matemáticas mathematical : matemáticas Max : Max (diminutivo de -110- (one hundred and ten) May may me meal means measure meat mechanic media medicine medium meet (to) member memo(s) men mental mentally mention (to) method methodical metropolitan might milk milk shake mirror miserable Miss Mister mistreat (to) mistreated Monday money monkey monogamous month(s) moral more morning most mother motivated mountain mouse mouth move (to) moved movie Mr. Mrs. much multi – sensory multiplication multiply (to) museum music hall music Maximiliano) : Mayo : poder (verbo) : me, mis (a mí) ex: for me: por mí, para mi : comida : medio : medida : carne : mecánico : medios de comunicación. : medicamento, medicina. : medio (de comunicación) : encontrar, cumplir con; cruzar con. : miembro : memo(s), memorándum. : hombres : mental : mentalmente. : mencionar. : método : metódico : metropolitana : podría(s) : leche : batido. : espejo : triste, abatido. : señorita, la señorita : Sr., el señor : maltratar : pasado y participio de “to mistreat” : Lunes : dinero : mono : monógamo(a) : mes(es) : moraleja : más : mañana : la mayoría; más (superlativo) : madre, mamá. : motivado : montaña : ratón : boca : mover(se), mudar(se) : pasado y participio de “to move” : cine : Mister : La Sra; Sra. : mucho : multisensorial : multiplicación. : multiplicar : museo : teatro de variedades : música must musn’t mutually my myself : deber (verbo auxiliar) : must not : mutuamente : mi, mis. : yo mismo. nails 1 name 2 name (to) named narrow nationality natural near nearest nearly necessary neck need (to) needed needle needs negative neglect (to) nervously never new newborn news newspaper next nice nickname night nightmanager nine nineteen ninety no no matter no one noise nonoxynol nonsense north nose nose to nose not nothing nourish (to) novel now nowadays number(s) nurse nutrition : uñas : nombre. : nombrar. : nombrado(a) : estrecho, angosto : nacionalidad. : natural : cerca de : más cercano(a) : casi : necesario. : cuello : necesitar : pasado y participio de “to need”; se necesita : aguja. : necesidades. : negativo(a) : descuidar. : nerviosamente. : nunca : nuevo(a)(s) : recién nacido. : noticias : diario, periódico. : próximo(a) : simpático(s), bonito : apodo : noche. : gerente nocturno. : nueve : diecinueve. : noventa. : no, ningún(a) : no importa. : nadie. : ruido. : nonoxinol : tonterías. : norte : nariz : nariz con nariz. : no : nada : nutrir, alimentar. : novela. : ahora : hoy en día. : número(s) : enfermera. : nutrición. obese object obligation : obeso(a) : objeto : obligación. N O obligatory oblige (to) obtain (to) occasion occupations octopus of of course of mine offer (to) office officer often -ohoil-based O.K. okay old old man old men older on on the road on the verge of on the way to on time once once again one one hundred one thousand only onto open (to) opera opera house operate (to) operating operation opportunity or oral orange order organ organization organize (to) organized other our out outside ovaries ovary oven overtime : obligatorio. : obligar : obtener. : ocasión : ocupaciones : pulpo. : de : por supuesto : mío : ofrecer : oficina : oficial : a menudo. : cero. : a base de aceite : muy bien, de acuerdo : O.K. : de edad, viejo(a), antiguo(a),; anciano(a) : anciano, hombre mayor. : ancianos : mayor, de más edad, más antiguo(s) : en, sobre, encima de; el o los (con los días de la semana) : en camino : al borde de, a punto de. : camino de : a tiempo, a la hora. : una vez : otra vez. : uno, un, una : cien : mil : solo, solamente : a, en. : abrir : ópera : teatro de la ópera : hacer funcionar, operar : operar : operación : oportunidad. : o ; (si lo procede una oracion negative se traduce”ni”) : oral(es); bucal : naranja. anaranjado. : orden : órgano : organización : organizar : organizado(a) : otro(a)(s) : nuestro(a)(s) : fuera : fuera de, afuera : ovarios : ovario : horno. : sobretiempo, tiempo extra. -111- (one hundred and eleven) overweight own owner : demasiado gordo(a) : propio(a)(s) : dueño. P pad page(s) paid : almohadilla. : página(s) : pasado y participio de “to pay” pair : par, pareja paper : papel. parents : padres (mamá y papá) park : parque part time : tiempo parcial. part : parte part(s) : parte(s) partner : compañero(a), pareja, socio(a), cónyuge party : fiesta; partido (político) passport : pasaporte password : contraseña. past : pasado path : camino, sendero, senda. patience : paciencia. Paul : Pablo 1 pay : salario, sueldo 2 pay (to) : pagar. pay attention (to) : poner atención PC (personal computer) : computador personal peace : paz peer : par pendrive : pendrive people : personas, gente. perfect : perfecto(a) perform (to) : realizar. perfume : perfume person : persona personal : personal personnel : personal. persuasive : persuasivo, convincente. pertinent : pertinente pet : mascota Peter : Pedro Philip : Felipe. photo : foto photograph : fotografia. physical : físico. physically : físicamente. piano : piano pick up (to) : recoger, coger. picture : cuadro, lamina. piece : pedazo, trozo, piercing : perforar, agujerear. pilot : piloto pink : rosado. pixels : pixeles. 1 place (to) : poner, colocar. 2 place(s) : lugar(es) placed : pasado y participio de “to place” plan(s) : plan(es) plane : avión. plant : planta plaster : yeso 1 play : obra (de teatro) 2 play (to) : jugar, tocar (instrumentos musicales); hacer el papel de: actuar play by the rules (to) : ceñirse al reglamento. player : jugador 1 please : por favor 2 please (to) : agradar, complacer. pleasure : placer plenty : abundancia, mucho. plough (to) : arar. plug : enchufe. plus : más pm (post meridiem) : después del mediodía police station : comisaría police. : policía, policial. policeman : carabinero. policewoman : carabinera polish (to) : pintar con esmalte. polite : cortés poor : pobre(s) portion : porción. portrait : retrato position : puesto(empleo) positive : positivo possessive : posesivo. possibility : posibilidad possible : posible poster : cartel poverty : pobreza ppt (power point) : power point. practice (to) : practicar predetermined : predeterminada pregnancy : embarazo. pregnant : embarazada prejudiced : parcial premiere : estreno Pre-school : Pre-escolar. present : presente, regalo. presentation : presentación presented : presentado presenter : locutor. preserve (to) : preservar, conservar. prevent (to) : impedir, evitar previously : previamente primary : primario, principal. print (to) : imprimir problem : problema procedure : procedimiento, trámite, gestión. produce (to) : producir product : producto. professions : profesiones prognosis : pronóstico program : programa promise (to) : prometer. promote (to) : promover, promocionar. promotion : ascenso prosper (to) : prosperar. protect (to) : proteger. proud : orgulloso(s) proverb : proverbio provide (to) : proveer. public : público(s) publishing : plubicitario. pupil : alumno purple : púrpura push (to) : empujar. 1 put : pasado y participio del verbo “to put” 2 put (to) put on (to) put on : poner : poner(se) (ropas) : pasado y participio del verbo to put on (ponerse) Q qualifications quarrel (to) quarter question(s) question word quick quickly quiet quietens quieten (to) quit (to) quite : calificaciones. : reñir, pelearse. : cuarto. : pregunta(s). : palabras interrogativas. : rápido(a). : rápidamente. : tranquilo, callado. : calma. : calmar, callar, tranquilizar. : abandonar. : muy, completamente R racism radio rag rain rainy ran rarely rate rather raw eggs razor reaction read (to) reading reads ready realize (to) really reason receive (to) receiver receiving receptionist record(s) red reduce (to) reduced referee 1 reference 2 reference (to) reflection refuse (to) regional 1 regret 2 regret (to) rejoice (to) relate to (to) 1 related 2 related to relation relationship release remember (to) remembering renounce (to) repeat (to) repeatedly replace (to) : racismo : radio : harapo, andrajo. : lluvia. : lluvioso. : pasado del verbo “to run” (correr) : rara vez, raras veces, pocas veces. : tipo : más bien : huevos crudos. : máquina de afeitar. : reacción. : leer : leyendo; lectura : lee : listo, preparado. : darse cuenta. : en realidad, realmente. : razón : recibir. : receptor : recibir, recibiendo. : recepcionista. : registro(s), disco(s) : rojo : reducir. : pasado y participio de “to reduce” : árbitro : referencia. : hacer referencia a. : reflejo. : negarse. : regional : pesar : lamentar, arrepentirse de. : regocijarse, alegrarse. : relacionarse con. : relacionado : relacionado con : relación : relación : estreno, debut. : recordar. : recordar, recordando. : renunciar. : repetir : repetidamente : reemplazar. -112- (one hundred and twelve) replied 1 reply reply (to) report(s) represent (to) reproduce (to) reputation request required rescue (to) resource respect (to) respected 2 respond (to) responsibilities responsible 1 rest 2 rest (to) rested result retirement retrovirus review (to) review reviews rich right righteous risk river rock (to) rock and roll roll (to) romantic room root (to) rooted rough draft router royal 1 ruin 2 ruin (to) 1 rule 2 rule (to) run (to) runny runny nose : pasado y participio de “to reply” : respuesta. : responder : informe(s) : representar. : reproducir(se) : reputación. : petición, solicitud. : requerido. : rescatar. : recurso : respetar. : pasado y participio de “to respect” : responder. : responsabilidades. : responsable : resto : descansar : pasado y participio de “to rest” : resultado : jubilación. : retrovirus. : repasar : repaso : críticas. : rico : derecho(a), correcto. : recto, justo. : riesgo : río. : sacudir, convulsionar. : rock and roll : hacer rodar. : romántico : sala, habitación. : arraigar. : arraigada. : borrador : direccionador, enrutador. : real : ruina : arruinar(se) : regla, norma. : gobernar : correr. : líquido(a) : secreción nasal S 1 ‘s ‘s sacrifice sad sadness safe safest said hello 2 said salaries sales same sat satellite satisfactorily satisfied Saturday save (to) : is (es o está) : de (posesión o pertenencia) : sacrificio. : triste(s) : tristeza : salvo, seguro. : más seguro. : pasado y participio de “to say hello” : pasado del verbo “to say” : salarios : ventas : mismo(a) : pasado del verbo “to sit” : satélite. : satisfactoriamente. : satisfecho. : Sábado. : salvar. savings saw saxophone say (to) say hello (to) schedule school science scientist score (to) scored screen search seat belt secondary secret secretary section secure see (to) seek (to) seem (to) seen self self-esteem sell (to) semi-finals send (to) sender senior sensible sensitive sent sentence(s) series serious server service settlement seven seventeen seventy several sew (to) sewed o sewn sewed sexual sexually shall not shall shampoo girl shan’t share (to) she shifts shoes shopping short should shoulders shouldn’t shout (to) show (to) sick side : ahorros. : pasado del verbo “to see” : saxofón. : decir : saludar. : horario, programa. : colegio, escuela. : ciencia(s) : científico. : marcar (goles) : marcado. : pantalla. : búsqueda : cinturón de seguridad. : secundario(s) : secreto : secretaria. : sección. : seguro : ver. : buscar : parecer. : visto : uno(a) mismo(a) : autoestima, amor propio : vender : semifinales. : enviar. : emisor, remitente : mayor, de la tercera edad : sensato : sensible. : pasado y participio del verbo “to send” : oración(es) : serie. : serio : servidor : servicio : liquidación (pago) : siete. : diecisiete : setenta. : varios(as) : coser, zurcir. : cosido : pasado del verbo “to sew” : sexual(es) : sexualmente. : shan’t : auxiliar del tiempo futuro (se usa con: “I” – “we”) : champunier : no (en tiempo futuro) se usa con los pronombre “I” – “we”. : compartir. : ella : turnos : zapatos : compras; ir de compras. : corto(a) : debería(s), deberíamos, deberían. : hombros. : should not : gritar : mostrar : enfermo. : lado 1 sign sign (to) silver simple since sing (to) singer sings sir sister sit (to) sits six sixteen sixty size ski (to) skill(s) skillful skimmed milk skin sky-blue slave sleep (to) sleep on (to) slept 2 sloppy slow slowly small smell (to) smells smelt smile (to) smiling smoke (to) smokes snore (to) snores snow-white so many so much so that so soap opera software sold solitary solution some someone else someone something sometimes somewhere else son songs songwriter soon sore sorrow sought soul sound south soya : signo, señal. : firmar : plata : simple : ya que; desde. : cantar : cantante. : canta : señor : hermana : sentar(se) : se sienta. : seis : dieciséis. : sesenta. : tamaño. : esquiar : habilidad(es) : hábil. : leche descremada. : piel : celeste. : esclavo : dormir : continuar durmiendo : pasado y participio de “to sleep” : chapucero, chambón. : lento(a) : lentamente. : pequeño(a) : oler : huele : pasado y participio de “to smell” : sonreir. : sonriente(s), sonriendo. : fumar : fuma : roncar : ronca : blanco(a) como la nieve. : tantos(as) : tanto(a) : de manera que. : de manera que; así; tan. : telenovela. : conjunto de programas. : pasado y participio de “to sell” : solitario. : solución : alguno(a)(s), algún. : otro(a), otra persona. : alguien. : algo. : a veces. : en otra parte. : hijo : canciones. : compositor (de canciones) : pronto. : dolor : pena : pasado y participio de “to seek” : alma : sonido : sur : soya -113- (one hundred and thirteen) Spanish spanking spare-time speak (to) specific speed spell (to) spell-check spend (to) spent spermicide spider spirit spoke sponge sports spout (to) 1 spread 2 spread (to) 3 spread spring stadium staff stair stand (to) standing starring start (to) starting statements states status stay (to) stay away (to) STD’s STD’s step sterile still stir (to) stir up (to) stirs it up stomachache stone stop (to) store (to) stories story strange strategy stress street strength stressful strike strong struggle student studies study (to) stuff (to) stumble (to) stupid subject : español, castellano. : zurra, castigo (esp. de azotes) : tiempo libre. : hablar. : específico(a) : velocidad : escribir correctamente, deletrear. : revisión de ortografía. : gastar (dinero), pasar (el tiempo) : pasado y participio de “to spend” : espermicida. : araña : espíritu : pasado del verbo “to speak” : esponja : deportes : chorrear, soltar. : difusión, propagación. : esparcir, difundir. : pasado y participio de “to spread” : primavera. : estadio. : personal (de trabajo) : escalera. : estar, encontrarse. : de pie. : protagonistas. : empezar : inicio, comienzo : afirmaciones : estados : situación, condición. : quedarse, permanecer. : alejarse. : ( ETS) : Sexual transmission Diseases. (Enfermedad de Transmisión Sexual) : paso : esterilizado, estéril. : aún, todavía. : agitar, mover. : fomentar. : la fomenta. : dolor de estómago : piedra : parar, dejar : almacenar. : historias : historia : extraño : estrategia. : tensión, estrés. : calle : fuerza, resistencia. : estresante. : huelga : fuerte : lucha : estudiante. : estudios; (él o ella estudia) : estudiar : llenar. : tropezar. : tonto, necio. : tema, sujeto, asignatura. subtract (to) succeed (to) success successfully such as suffer (to) suggestion summer sun Sunday supermarket supervising supervisor supplies supply suppositories sure surprise Susan suspected suspense sustain (to) swam sweater sweep (to) sweet(s) swim (to) 1 switch 2 switch (to) switch off (to) switch on (to) syndrome system : restar : tener éxito. : éxito, exitoso(a) : exitosamente. : tal(es) como : sufrir. : sugerencias : verano. : sol : Domingo : supermercado : supervisión, supervisando. : supervisor : suministros, provisiones. : suministro : supositorios. : seguro : sorpresa. : Susana. : presunto. : suspenso. : sostener. : pasado del verbo “to swim” : chaleco, suéter : barrer : dulce(s) : nadar : interruptor : cambiar. : apagar : encender : síndrome. : sistema. T tail : cola. take (to) : tomar, llevar. take away (to) : quitar take on (to) : asumir, aceptar. take pride in (to) : sentirse orgulloso de. take things for granted (to) : dar algo por sentado (hecho) taken : participio de “to take” talk (to) : conversar. talk sense to (to) : hablar sensatamente con. taste : gusto tattooing : tatuaje. taught : pasado y participio de “to teach” tax : impuesto, imposición. taxes : impuestos, imposiciones tea : té teach (to) : enseñar. teacher : profesor(a), maestro(a) team : equipo tease (to) : molestar, atormentar. technical : técnico(a) technique : técnica technology : tecnología. tedious : tedioso teenager : adolescente. teeth : dientes telephone : teléfono telephonist : telefonista. television : televisión. tell (to) : decir, contar. teller machines : cajeros. telling : diciendo, contando. temper : temperamento, humor, genio. temperature : temperatura. ten tennis tense terms terrible test testes testosterone text than thank you thanks that the theater their them theme themselves then there are there be there is there was there were there will be there these they thing(s) think (to) think about (to) third thirsty thirteen thirty this those though thought thoughts thousand three threw throat through throw (to) thrown thursday tick (to) ticket tiger time times tip(s) title to today toes told Tom tomorrow tongue tonight : diez : tenis : tiempo (verbal) : términos. : terrible, atroz. : prueba. : testículos. : testosterona. : texto : que (comparativo) : gracias. : gracias. : eso, esa, ese, aquel, aquello, aquella; que : el, la, los, las. : teatro. : su, sus (de ellos o ellas) : los, las, les, ellos, ellas. : tema : ellos(as), mismos(as) : luego, entonces. : hay (plural) : haber (de existencia) : hay (singular) : había, hubo. : habia, hubo (en plural) : habrá. : allí, allá, ahí. : estos, estas. : ellos, ellas; como neutro plural no se traduce. : cosa(s) : pensar, creer. : pensar. : tercer, tercero(a) : sed : trece. : treinta. : esto, esta, este. : esos, esas, aquellos, aquellas. : sin embargo, a pesar de todo. : pasado y participio de “to think” : pensamientos. : mil : tres : pasado del verbo “to throw” : garganta. : a través de. : arrojar, lanzar. : arrojado, lanzado : Jueves. : marcar, señalar. : boleto, entrada. : tigre. : tiempo; hora; vez : veces. : consejo(s) : título. : a, hacia, hasta, (con la hora) para la(s), con, contra, para. : hoy : dedos (de los pies) : pasado y participio de “to tell” : Tomás. : mañana (el dia siguiente) : lengua. : esta noche. -114- (one hundred and fourteen) too much too took away took on took tool tooth toothache toothbrush top tough tough tourist touristic trade unión traditional traffic train trainer training transfer (to) transferred transform (to) translate (to) transmit (to) transmitted trap 1 travel 2 travel (to) treat (to) treated treatment tremendous tried trouble shooting trouble trousers truck true trunk truth try (to) trying Tuesday turn (to) turn to (to) turning point turtle dove T.V. twelve twenty one twenty twitter (to) twitter two type (to) 1 types 2 types typewrite (to) typewriter typing : demasiado : también; muy : pasado del verbo “to take away” : pasado del verbo “to take on” : pasado del verbo “to take” : herramienta. : diente : dolor de muelas : cepillo dental. : parte más alta, parte superior. : agobiante. : fuerte, duro. : turístico(a), turista. : túristico(a) : sindicato. : tradicional : tráfico, tránsito : tren. : entrenador. : entrenamiento, preparación física. : transferir : pasado y participio de “to transfer” : transformar. : traducir. : transmitir. : pasado y participio de “to transmit” : trampa. : viaje : viajar. : tratar. : pasado y participio de “to treat” : tratamiento : tremendo, inmenso. : pasado y participio de “to try”. : resolución de problemas, conciliar, mediar. : problema(s) : pantalones. : camión. : verdadero(a) : trompa, trompa : verdad. : tratar, intentar. : intentar, intentando, tratando, tratar. : Martes : convertir, transformar. : acudir a, recurrir a. : momento crítico : tórtola. : televisión. : doce : veintiuno. : veinte. : gorjear, trinar. : twitter. : dos : escribir (a máquina), tipear. : escribe, tipea : tipo(s) : escribir a máquina. : máquina de escribir. : dactilografía. U umbrella unable under underline (to) understand (to) understood unemployment unhappy uniform unique unit united unjustly unless unlikely unpleasant unthinking untidy until up up-and-coming upstairs URL us US USA USA 1 use (to) 2 used to 3 used : paraguas. : incapaz : debajo de, bajo. : subrayar. : entender, comprender. : pasado y participio de “to understand” : desempleo. : infeliz, triste, desdichado. : uniforme : único(a) : unidad : unido(s). : injustamente : a menos que. : improbable, poco probable. : desagradable : irreflexivo(a) : desordenado(a), desaseado(a) : hasta (que) : arriba, hacia arriba. : prometedor(a) : en el segundo piso. : Uniform Resource Locator (Localizador de recursos uniforme) : nos, nosotros. : United States. (Estados Unidos) : EE.UU. : United States of America. : usar. : acostumbrado(a) uterus : pasado y participio de “to use” : usados(as), acostumbraban : usando. : por lo general, normalmente. : útero ve got ve vaginal valuable variety vaseline vegetables veil very video village violet virtue visit (to) visitor(s) visualize (to) vitae vocabulary : have (tener, haber) : have (tener, haber) : vaginal : valioso. : variedad. : vaselina. : verduras. : velo : muy : video : pueblo : violeta : virtud : visitar : visita(s) : visualizar : vitae. : vocabulario 4 used using usually V W wage wait (to) waiter waitress walk (to) wall : sueldo, salario. : esperar. : garzón, mozo : garzona, mesera : caminar : pared, muralla, muro. walnut want (to) warm was born was wash (to) waste watch (to) watchman water water-based way we we’re going to weak wealth weapon wear (to) weather web website Wednesday week(s) week-end weight well paid well went were wet what color what is …………. like? what time is it? what time what what’s on? when where which whistle white who whole whole milk whole number wholefood wholemeal whose why wicked wide wider wife wi-fi will not will not 1 will 2 will willing win (to) wind window : nuez. : desear, querer. : cálido(a), caluroso. : nació : era, fue, estaba, estuvo, tenía, tuvo, hizo, hacía (frío, calor) : lavar(se) : pérdida. : ver (TV) : guardia, vigilante. : agua. : a base de agua. : forma, manera, camino. : nosotros(as) : nosotros vamos a. : débil. : riqueza. : arma. : usar (ropas), llevar puesto : clima : red, telaraña. : sitio de la red, sitio web. : Miércoles. : semana(s) : fin de semana. : peso. : bien pagado. : bien, bueno(a) : pasado del verbo “to go” (ir) : eras, fuiste, estabas, estuviste (tú), eramos, fuimos; estábamos, estuvimos (nosotros), eran, fueron; estaban, estuvieron (Uds; ellos(as)). : húmedo. : de qué color : ¿cómo es...? : ¿qué hora es? : a qué hora : qué, cuál, lo que : ¿que están dando?; ¿Qué hay en cartelera? : cuándo. : dónde. : cuál, cuáles. : pito, silbato. : blanco(a)(s) : quién, quiénes, qué. : entero, íntegro, todo(a) : leche entera. : número entero. : alimentos integrales. : integral. : cuyo(a); de quién. : por qué : malvado, malo(a) : ancho, amplio. : más ancho, más amplio. : esposa. : wireless fidelity : no (en tiempo futuro) : won’t : auxiliar del tiempo future. example: I will go/ yo iré. : voluntad. : dispuesto. : ganar : viento. : ventana -115- (one hundred and fifteen) wine wing winter wire wireless fidelity wisdom wise wiser with within without woman women won won’t word processor word(s) wore 1 work (to) 2 work workout work out (to) worked worker working workman world worn worry (to) worth worth paying for would not : vino. : ala : invierno. : cable. : fedelidad inalámbrica : sabiduría : sabio(a)s : más sabio(s) : con : dentro de. : sin : mujer : mujeres. : pasado y participio de “to win” : no (en tiempo futuro) : procesador de textos. : palabra(s) : pasado del verbo “to wear” : trabajar, funcionar. : trabajo, laboral. : entrenamiento. : salir bien. : pasado y participio de “to work” : trabajador, obrero. : trabajando, de trabajo, trabajar. : obrero : mundo : participio del verbo “to wear” : preocupar. : digno : dignos de pagar : no (condicional) would : auxiliar del Tiempo Condicional (no se traduce) wouldn’t : would not write (to) : escribir. writing : escribiendo. written : escrito (a)(s) 1 wrong : incorrecto(a), equivocado 2 wrong (to) : ofender, agraviar. wrongs : ofensas. wrote : pasado del verbo to write (escribir) www (World Wide Web) : Red Global X xenophobia : xenofobia Y year(s) yellow yesterday you are going to you young your yours yourself yo-yo : año(s) : amarillo : ayer. : tú vas a. : tú, Ud, Uds, te, ti (for you) : joven : tu, tus, su, sus, (de Ud. o Uds.) : el suyo, el tuyo. : tú mismo. : yoyó. zero zoom : cero : zoom Z