Worldwide Monitoring, Analysis and Warning Systems

Transcripción

Worldwide Monitoring, Analysis and Warning
Systems
Seminar
Master EEWRSA - Mário Gulich Institute
miércoles, 27 de marzo de 13
Luis Gonzalo Quiroga
Today show
- Worldwide Monitoring, Analysis and Warning Systems
Today show
Basic concepts
What do countries do about warning systems?
Analysis of Early Warning Systems available
Final considerations
First things first...
What is risk?
What is risk?
Risk is the probability that a hazard will
turn into a disaster
What is risk?
People’s
susceptibility to
hazards
Vulnerability
What is risk?
People’s
susceptibility to
hazards
Hazard
Vulnerability
Floods, fires,
tornados,
earthquakes...
What is risk?
People’s
susceptibility to
hazards
they become a risk
Floods, fires,
tornados,
earthquakes...
What is an Early Warning System? (EWS)
It is a tool designed to provide timely and effective
information that allows to avoid or reduce risk and
prepare to response
prepare to response
It has to accomplish four main goals
prepare to response
•
Risk Knowledge
prepare to response
•
•
Risk Knowledge
Monitoring and predicting
prepare to response
•
•
•
Risk Knowledge
Communication systems
prepare to response
•
•
•
•
Risk Knowledge
Communication systems
Coordination
Type I: Separated governmental agencies.
Type II: Conjunction of governmental agencies
plus a civil protection agency coordinator
Type II: Conjunction of governmental agencies
plus a civil protection agency coordinator
Type III: One agency that monitors hazards,
communicate the population at risk and
coordinate response when a disaster occurs
World Wide EWS
Latin America & Caribbean
The most widely used EWS in this region are the Type
I and II
I and II
Chile
I and II
Chile
Here the EWS implemented is the type II, organised
by the Chilean Emergency and Public Health Office
(ONEMI)
I and II
Chile
(ONEMI)
Argentina
I and II
Chile
(ONEMI)
Argentina
Here the EWS implemented is the type I. Has the
National Civil Protection Agency (SIFEM) but there
are also other national agencies that can emit their
own warnings.
Unite States Of America (USA) & Canada
EWS in this region are the Type II
USA
USA
EWS is of Type II, theFederal Emergency
Management Agency (FEMA) is the one that must
coordinate the response during a disaster.
USA
Canada
USA
Canada
All EWS are nucleated in the National Defence and
the Canadian Forces.
Europe
Europe
Most widely used EWS in this region is the type II and
III
Europe
III
Italy
Europe
III
Italy
Italian EWS is of type II but currently moving to III
due to a cooperative projec called Opera.
Europe
III
Italy
France
Europe
III
Italy
France
The Department of Civil Defence and Emergency
Preparedness (Direction de la Défense de la
Sécurité Civile) nucleates all the EWSs. Tipe III.
Africa
Africa
I, II, III?
Africa
I, II, III?
Republic of South Africa
Africa
I, II, III?
The National Disaster Management Centre is to
promote an integrated and coordinated system of
disaster management. Tipe II.
Africa
I, II, III?
Mali
Africa
I, II, III?
Mali
The Early Warning System (SAP) this department
operates since 1984. It could be considered of type
III.
Africa
I, II, III?
In Africa there is also the Permanent Interstate
Committee for Drought Control in the Sahel (CILSS)
Asia and Pacific
Asia and Pacific
I, II, III?
Asia and Pacific
I, II, III?
Sri Lanka
Asia and Pacific
I, II, III?
Sri Lanka
Ministry of Disaster Management (MDM) its mission
to facilitate harmony and the prosperity and dignity of
human life. Tipe III?
Asia and Pacific
I, II, III?
Sri Lanka
Australia
Asia and Pacific
I, II, III?
Sri Lanka
Australia
The Australian Emergency Management and local
Emergency Management agencies generate
warnings, education for preparedness and response
during an Emergency. Type II.
Copernicus
Copernicus
Copernicus is a European Union Agency
Copernicus
Is a union of systems which collects data
from multiple sources
Copernicus
Is a union of systems which collects data
from multiple sources
Processes data and provides users with
reliable and updated information
Copernicus’ Emergency Management Service
provides timely and accurate geo-spatial information
derived from satellite remote sensing and completed
by available in situ or open data sources.
The system operates in two modes:
Rush Mode
Rush Mode
Non-rush Mode
Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System
(GDACS)
(GDACS)
It is cooperation framework generated in the
United Nations.
(GDACS)
United Nations.
Provides alerts and impact estimations
after major disasters through a multi-hazard
disaster impact assessment service
(GDACS)
United Nations.
Real-time coordination platform VirtualOSOCC
to disaster managers worldwide.
(GDACS)
United Nations.
Real-time coordination platform VirtualOSOCC
to disaster managers worldwide.
Satellite Mapping Coordination System, it
allows to see which images are collected
where and who is working on the analysis.
Global Information and Early Warning System
(GIEWS)
(GIEWS)
Network which includes 115 governments, 61 NonGovernmental Organisations (NGOs) and numerous
trade, research and media organisations.
(GIEWS)
Provides regular bulletins on food crop production
and markets at the global level and situation reports
on a regional and country-by-country basis.
(GIEWS)
Provides regular bulletins on food crop production
and markets at the global level and situation reports
on a regional and country-by-country basis.
Reacts to man-made or natural disasters by sending
rapid evaluation missions to the countries affected
and issuing alerts that are quickly disseminated.
Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET)
USAID-funded
USAID-funded
Focuses its efforts on strengthening early warning
and food security networks
USAID-funded
Communications and decision support products are
generated and sent to decision makers to help their
actions to mitigate food insecurity.
USAID-funded
Communications and decision support products are
generated and sent to decision makers to help their
actions to mitigate food insecurity.
Monthly food security updates for several countries
ETHIOPIA Food Security Alert
February 22, 2013
Following a below average Meher harvest, food access is poor in East and West Hararghe
East and West Hararghe Zones have deteriorated into Crisis (IPC Phase 3)
following two consecutive, poorly-distributed rainy seasons and a well
below average Meher harvest in October/November 2012. Food security
outcomes are unlikely to signifcantly improve until June 2013 when
consumption of green Belg crops begins. To prevent any further
deterioration of food security, the scaling up of humanitarian assistance is
necessary.
Normally, households in East and West Hararghe plant short-cycle Belg
crops in March which are harvested in July. Long-cycle maize and sorghum
are planted in March/April and additional short-cycle crops are planted in
May/June; both types of crops are harvested in October/November. In
2012, a four to five week delay in the onset of the February to May Belg
rains was followed by a significant June dry spell. As a result, short-cycle
crops wilted and long-cycle maize and sorghum were not sown until
June/July. The June to September Kiremt rains then withdrew in late
August and early September, up to a month earlier than usual. The impact
of late planting and early cessation of the rains reduced yields. The total
Meher harvest of cereals and pulses was estimated to be 30 to 40 percent
below the five-year average in these zones, but for some households, the
harvest has been reported to be as low as 20 percent of average. Poor
household food stocks and income from crop sales are therefore less than
usual.
Figure 1. Gathering water in Fedis Woreda,
East Hararghe, February 2013
Source: FEWS NET Ethiopia
Figure 2. Location of East and West Hararghe
Zones, Oromia Region
Reduced rainfall increased distances to water points both for human and
livestock consumption. In some lowland areas, households sent their
livestock to nearby river valleys as early as November and December, one
to two months earlier than is typical. This unusual livestock migration from
within the zones and from nearby pastoral areas has led to resource-based
conflicts between Somali pastoralists and Oromo agropastoralists. Conflict
has intensified over the last month primarily in Kumbi, Meyumuluke,
Gursum, and Chinakssen Woredas in East Hararghe Zone.
Source: FEWS NET
As a result of poor production, most households are more market-dependent than usual. Households are increasingly relying
on livestock sales to fund food purchases, but the number of small ruminants in the market exceeds the quantity demanded
by buyers. Chat, a major cash crop, is being sold at prices higher than in recent years due to continued demand, but rainfed
chat yields are low due to the poorly distributed rains, and the low volume of chat has reduced the income from sales. Casual
labor income has also declined as less labor was necessary for harvesting and other local, agricultural tasks.
In January, over 400,000 residents in 26 woredas received an eighth round of emergency food distribution. Nutrition
response and safety net programs are ongoing. Households have some food from assistance and other sources right now, but
these will quickly be exhausted. With the forecast for the February to May Belg season still unclear and limited income from
other sources, households will remain unable to purchase adequate quantitites of food. Increased humanitarian assistance is
necessary to prevent further loss of assets, facilitate the planting of crops in March/April, and prevent additional
deterioration of food security in East and West Hararghe Zones.
FEWS NET issues alerts to prompt decision-maker action to prevent or mitigate potential or actual food insecurity. The content of this report
does not necessarily reflect the view of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government.
FAMINE EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS NETWORK
www.fews.net/Ethiopia
Monitoring, Analysis and Alert Terra (TerraMA2).
Early Warning software developed by the
Brazilian Space Agency.
Provides the technological infrastructure required
to develop operational systems for environmental
risks monitoring and warning.
Provides the technological infrastructure required
to develop operational systems for environmental
risks monitoring and warning.
Gather updated data through internet and to add
it to the warning system database
Services to manipulate/analyze new data in real
time and check if a risk situation exists by
comparing with risk maps or a defined model
Services to execute/edit/create new risk and
warning models
Services to execute/edit/create new risk and
warning models
Services to create and notify warnings to system
users
Copernicus
GDACS
GIEWS
FEWS
TerraMA2
Some
Some
Some
Some
Yes
Is it a single software tool or
a service?
Service
Service
Service
Service
Tool
Is it a free software?
-
-
-
-
Yes
Minimum products emission
Time?
Min 24 Hs
-
Immediate
Monthly
Immediate
Works in prevention?
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Works during the event?
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Works post-event?
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Does it always need an
activation process?
Yes
No
No
No
Automated
Anyone can activate it?
Only AU
Only AU
-
-
-
Is it of easy access?
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Works in Fast, Slow
development hazards or
both?
Fas
Fast
Both
Slow
Both
Is the information generated
of public access?
Only TerraMA2 can be adjusted to the ongoing
goals of any country/community or civil protection
This feature make it an evolving system that can
be adapted to the resources and the operative
capacity of the organisation.
Also as it is a web based program it is possible to
add as input, data provided by some of the other
EW services.
EW services.
Several of them have “at request” services making
it a very valuable tool.
EW services.
Thank you .

Worldwide Monitoring, Analysis and Warning Systems

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