INTRODUCCION AL LIBRO DE LOS CORINTIOS
Transcripción
INTRODUCCION AL LIBRO DE LOS CORINTIOS
INTRODUCCION AL LIBRO DE LOS CORINTIOS ESTUDIO DE LA CUIDAD DE CORINTIOS •Geografía •Historia •Religión •Arqueología Hechos 19:22 Y después de enviar a Macedonia a dos de los que le ayudaban, a Timoteo y a Erasto, él mismo se detuvo por algún tiempo en Asia. Romanos 16:23 Os saluda Gayo, hospedador mío y de toda la iglesia. Os saludan Erasto, tesorero de la ciudad, y el hermano Cuarto. 2 Timoteo 4:20 Erasto se quedó en Corinto, y a Trófimo lo dejé enfermo en Mileto. Strabo, Geography, 8.6.20-23 (Late 1st Century BCE-Early 1st Century) The Wealth of Corinth [8.6.20] Corinth is called "wealthy" because of its commerce, since it is situated on the Isthmus and is master of two harbors, of which the one leads straight to Asia, and the other to Italy; and it makes easy the exchange of merchandise from both countries that are so far distant from each other. And just as in early times the Strait of Sicily was not easy to navigate, so also the high seas, and particularly the sea beyond Maleae, were not, on account of the contrary winds; and hence the proverb, "But when you double Maleae, forget your home." At any rate, it was a welcome alternative, for the merchants both from Italy and from Asia, to avoid the voyage to Maleae and to land their cargoes here. And also the duties on what by land was exported from the Peloponnesus and what was imported to it fell to those who held the keys. And to later times this remained ever so. But to the Corinthians of later times still greater advantages were added, for also the Isthmian Games, which were celebrated there, were wont to draw crowds of people. Hechos 27:9 (RVR1960) 9Y habiendo pasado mucho tiempo, y siendo ya peligrosa la navegación, por haber pasado ya el ayuno, Pablo les amonestaba In the sixth century, Periander built the diolkos across the isthmus at its narrowest point, i.e., from Schoenus on the Saronic Gulf, not far from Cenchreae, to the opposite bank, a distance of 5950 meters (Strabo, Geogr. 8.2.1; 8.6.22). Diolkos means “hauling across,” and it was the name given to a stone-paved road with channels constructed in it, which guided the wheels of a movable platform used to transfer small boats and their cargo across the isthmus from one gulf to the other. This was intended to be a shortcut for shipping freight from Asia to Italy, which would spare small craft from coping with the wind-swept and dangerous route around Cape Maleae and the other capes at the southern tip of the Peloponnesus. (The diolkos was a substitute for a canal, which many administrators of Corinth and elsewhere had hoped to construct throughout the centuries, e.g., Demetrius I Poliorcetes of Macedon [end of the fourth century b.c.]; Julius Caesar, Caligula, and Nero [in the first century b.c. and a.d.]. Only in 1881–93 was the Corinthian Canal finally cut through the isthmus by French engineers to connect the two gulfs.) CONTEXTO, CONTEXTO, CONTEXTO • 1 Corintios 6:9-11Reina-Valera 1960 (RVR1960) • 9 ¿No sabéis que los injustos no heredarán el reino de Dios? No erréis; ni los fornicarios, ni los idólatras, ni los adúlteros, ni los afeminados, ni los que se echan con varones, • 10 ni los ladrones, ni los avaros, ni los borrachos, ni los maldicientes, ni los estafadores, heredarán el reino de Dios. • 11 Y esto erais algunos; mas ya habéis sido lavados, ya habéis sido santificados, ya habéis sido justificados en el nombre del Señor Jesús, y por el Espíritu de nuestro Dios. Temple of Aphrodite on the Aco-corinth www.holylandphotos.com The Summit of the Acrocorinth by Strabo Now the summit has a small temple of Aphrodite; and below the summit is the spring Peirene, which, although it has no overflow, is always full of transparent, potable water. And they say that the spring at the base of the mountain is the joint result of pressure from this and other subterranean veins of water--a spring which flows out into the city in such quantity that it affords a fairly large supply of water. And there is a good supply of wells throughout the city, as also, they say, on the Acrocorinthus; but I myself did not see the latter wells. At any rate, when Euripides says, "I am come, having left Acro-corinthus that is washed on all sides, the sacred hill-city of Aphrodite," one should take "washed on all sides" as meaning in the depths of the mountain, since wells and subterranean pools extend through it, or else should assume that in early times Peirene was wont to rise over the surface and flow down the sides of the mountain The Cult of Aphrodite The patroness of Corinth Strabo’s comments about Corinth: And the temple of Aphrodite was so rich that it owned more than a thousand temple slaves, courtesans, whom both men and women had dedicated to the goddess. And therefore it was also on account of these women that the city was crowded with people and grew rich; for instance, the ship captains freely squandered their money, and hence the proverb, "Not for every man is the voyage to Corinth." Moreover, it is recorded that a certain courtesan said to the woman who reproached her with the charge that she did not like to work or touch wool: "Yet, such as I am, in this short time I have taken down three webs." Compare to 1 Corinthians 6:1-20 Asclepius - son of Apollo; a hero and the Roman god of medicine and healing; his daughters were Hygeia and Panacea The ancient Greek god of medicine and healing, worshiped by the Romans as Aesculapius. The Isthmian games were held near Corinth, in a rural sanctuary on the Isthmos, that is the small neck of land that connects the Peloponnesian peninsula with Central Greece. They were organized by the city Corinth, until 146 BC, when Corinth was completely destroyed by the Romans. For some time the games moved to the city Sicyon. In 40 BC Corinth got hold of the organization again and about AD 40 the games moved back to the Isthmos. The Isthmian games were part of the periodos. They were held in the spring of the first and the third year of every olympiad. The games were dedicated to Poseidon and to Palaimon, a hero from one of the foundation myths. Already in the eleventh century BC, there was a cult place for Poseidon on the Isthmos. The temple was built in the early seventh century and the games were founded in 582 BC. The program consisted of three parts. The horse races were the most important part for these games, for Poseidon was the patron of this sport. Besides there were athletic contests and from the fifth century onwards also musical contests The prize was originally a crown of pine branches. In the fifth century BC, this was replaced by a crown of dried celery. The participants came from all over the Greek world. Only for the inhabitants of Elis it was forbidden to attend the Isthmian games. Consequently they could never become periodos-winners. In the first century AD, there were also Isthmian contests for girls. The Isthmian games were used by many (e.g. the Roman Flamininus ) as a forum for political propaganda. The Isthmos was easy to reach both from land as from sea, and was therefore a natural meeting place. Moreover, Corinth was a large and important city, unlike Elis or Delphi. http://ancientolympics.arts.kuleuven.be/eng/t b003en.html Hechos 18:12-15 (RVR1960) 12 Pero siendo Galión procónsul de Acaya, los judíos se levantaron de común acuerdo contra Pablo, y le llevaron al tribunal, 13 diciendo: Este persuade a los hombres a honrar a Dios contra la ley. 14 Y al comenzar Pablo a hablar, Galión dijo a los judíos: Si fuera algún agravio o algún crimen enorme, oh judíos, conforme a derecho yo os toleraría. 15 Pero si son cuestiones de palabras, y de nombres, y de vuestra ley, vedlo vosotros; porque yo no quiero ser juez de estas cosas. Gallio was the proconsul of Achaia while Paul was in Corinth (Acts 18:12). To view the “bema” in Corinth, before which Paul appeared in the presence of Gallio, The inscription is written in Greek and is a copy of a decree of the Roman Emperor Claudius (A.D. 41–54) who commanded L. Iunius Gallio, the governor, to assist in settling additional elite persons in Delphi—in an effort to revitalize it. The inscription dates between April and July A.D., 52, and from it, it can be deduced that Gallio was the proconsul of Achaia in the previous year. Thus Paul’s eighteenth month stay in Corinth (Acts 18:1–18) included the year 51. This inscription is critical in helping to establish the Chronology of Paul as presented in the book of Acts. Text taken from holylandphotos.com ASCLEPIO Era el dios de la curación. La vara fue, durante mucho tiempo, símbolo de la profesión médica, y la serpiente, que muda periódicamente de piel, simboliza, por lo tanto, el rejuvenecimiento. Juegos Ístmicos Los Juegos Ístmicos fueron unos Juegos Panhelénicos de la Antigua Grecia, llamados así porque se celebraban en el istmo de Corinto, un año después de las fiestas Piticas, en honor de Poseidón. El santuario panhelénico de este dios en Corinto fue acondicionado para darles acogida en 690 a. C. La excepcional situación geográfica de Corinto «enclavada entre dos mares», en el estrecho istmo que une las dos partes de la Grecia continental, contribuyó al éxito y a la importancia política de los Juegos Ístmicos, con Poseidón y Melicertes como figuras claves. Calendario Los Juegos Ístmicos tenían lugar cada dos años en primavera (marzo) y duraban varios días. El programa era idéntico al de Olimpia. Abarcaba todos los deportes gimnásticos e hípicos, con especial énfasis en estos últimos. Se disputaban sucesivamente el pugilato, la carrera, el salto, el lanzamiento de disco y el de jabalina. Cuando en el siglo IV a. C. se construyó el teatro. Según Plutarco se añadieron competiciones musicales y poéticas (entre otras el arte de la dicción) e incluso una prueba de pintura. Hasta al menos el siglo V a. C., se premiaba a los vencedores con coronas de apio.4 Más tarde con guirnaldas de pino.5 6 Desde el 228 a. C. los romanos pudieron participar. En cambio los eleos estaban excluidos a perpetuidad. Según Pausanias, fueron excluidos porque durante la tregua sagrada Heracles tendió una emboscada y dio muerte a los hijos de Actor, que se dirigían a los Juegos Ístmicos. Según la versión elea, fueron los eleos los que se negaron a competir porque dos hijos de Prolao, un distinguido ciudadano de Élide, fueron asesinados por unos rivales durante los Juegos. Según la tercera versión, Cipselo, fundador de los Juegos, consagró una figura de oro a Zeus en Olimpia, pero murió antes de que su nombre figurara en ella. Los eleos no quisieron conceder permiso para reponer el nombre póstumamente, por lo cual los corintios excluyeron a los atletas de Élide. Corinto se encargaba de la organización de los Juegos Ístmicos. Augora Understanding the type of houses Sacerdote Imperial de Roma Mujer modesta con la Palla Toga y Palla