Spanish - Mango Languages

Transcripción

Mango Passport™
Spanish
Mango Passport On the Go!
Journey 1 Course Guide
MangoLanguages.com
©2010 MA NGO LA NGUA GES All rights reserved.
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Journey 1 Chapter 1: Greetings, Gratitude, and Goodbyes
Journey 1 Chapter 2: Do You Speak English?
Journey 1 Chapter 3: What is Your Name?
Journey 1 Chapter 4: Getting Around
Journey 1 Chapter 5: Shopping and Payment
Journey 1 Chapter 6: Drinks and Dining
Journey 1 Chapter 7: Numbers and Currency
Journey 1 Chapter 8: Getting Help
Journey 1 Chapter 9: What Does it Mean?
Journey 1 Chapter 10: How Do You Pronounce it?
Vocabulary Review
Phrase Review
Cultural Notes
Grammar Notes
2
3
11
20
26
37
49
60
73
87
95
103
127
156
160
Mango Passport - Spanish
CHAPTER 1: GREETINGS , GRATITUDE, AND GOODBYES
SALUDOS , AGRADECIMIENTOS Y DESPEDIDAS
Journey 1 Chapter 1: Greetings, Gratitude, and Goodbyes
Conversational Goals
Express Gratitude
Express How Someone Feels
Greet People
Introduce Yourself
Make Small Talk with Strangers
Grammar Goals
Be Introduced to Subject-Verb Agreement
Create Affirmative Sentences and Questions
Learn the Two Forms of the Verb "To Be"
Recognize Gender Agreement of Adjectives
Use Personal Pronouns
Conversation
English
Spanish
¡Hola! ¿Cómo está usted?
Hello! How are you?
(OHlah KOHmoh ehsTAH oosTEHDTH)
¡Buenos días! Estoy bien, gracias. ¿Y usted?
Good morning! I'm fine, thanks. And you?
(BWEHnohs DEEahs ehsTOY byehn GRAHsyahs ee
oosTEHDTH)
Estoy bien también. Gracias.
I'm fine too. Thank you.
(ehsTOY byehn tahmBYEHN GRAHsyahs)
Bueno, que tenga un buen día.
Well, have a good day.
(BWEHnoh keh TEHNgah oon bwehn DEEah )
Igualmente. Adiós.
Likewise. Goodbye.
(eewahlMEHNteh ahDTHYOHS)
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©2010 MANGO LANGUAGES
All rights reserved.
3
Hello.
Hola.
English
Spanish
Hola.
1
Hello.
2
Good morning.
3
Hello. Good morning.
4
Good afternoon.
5
Did you notice that "Good morning" is Buenos días, but "Good afternoon" is Buenas tardes?
This is because in Spanish every noun has either a masculine or feminine gender, and the adjective
has to reflect this gender. You will learn more about this later in this chapter.
6
"Good afternoon" (Buenas tardes) is used from 12pm all the way until around 7pm.
7
Good night.
8
In Spanish, Buenas noches can be used as both a greeting and a farewell.
9
In most Spanish speaking countries when entering a home it is customary to greet everyone in the
room by shaking his or her hand when you enter. It is also customary for two women, or a man and
a woman who know each other well, to kiss on the cheek.
(OHlah)
Buenos días.
(BWEHnohs DEEahs)
Hola. Buenos días.
(OHlah BWEHnohs DEEahs)
Buenas tardes.
(BWEHnahs TAHRdthehs)
Buenas noches.
(BWEHnahs NOchehs)
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How are you?
¿Cómo está usted?
English
Spanish
1
How are you?
2
how
3
to be
4
Estar is only one of two verbs meaning "to be" in Spanish. It is often used for temporary states of
"to be."
5
(you) are
6
In Spanish, está is the form of the verb estar used when saying "he/she is" or "you are" in a formal
way.
7
you
8
Hello, how are you?
9
(you) are
(KOHmoh ehsTAH oosTEHDTH)
cómo
(KOHmoh)
estar
(ehsTAHR)
está
(ehsTAH)
usted
(oosTEHDTH)
Hola, ¿cómo está usted?
(OHlah KOHmoh ehsTAH oosTEHDTH )
estás
(ehsTAHS)
10 Notice that the formal way to say "you are" (está) becomes estás when used informally.
tú
11 you
(too)
In Spanish, the use of pronouns is not necessary when the person whom you are speaking about is
easily understood from context. This is because in Spanish the verb endings change to indicate the
person being referred to. It's not always necessary to use the informal "you" (tú) because it is
12
reflected in the verb ending. But, the formal form of "you" (usted) is often used. This is because it
is not totally obvious from the form of the verb whom the speaker is referring to. Está is used
for usted (you [formal]), él (he), and ella (she). This is something that happens with all
the verbs in Spanish. Keep in mind that these three persons will always have the same form of the
verb just like in English when we say "he is," "she is," and "it is."
¿Cómo estás?
13 How are you?
(KOHmoh ehsTAHS)
Hola, ¿cómo estás?
14 Hello, how are you?
(OHlah KOHmoh ehsTAHS)
Continued on next page
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5
English
Spanish
ella
15 she
(EHyah)
¿Cómo está ella?
16 How is she?
17
(KOHmoh ehsTAH EHyah)
Remember you could have also said, "¿Cómo está?" without saying ella as long as the person whom
you are speaking about is clear from the context of the conversation.
él
18 he
(ehl)
¿Cómo está él?
19 How is he?
(KOHmoh ehsTAH ehl)
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I'm fine.
Estoy bien.
English
1
I'm fine.
2
I
3
(I) am
4
fine
5
Thank you.
6
I'm fine. Thank you.
7
and
8
And you?
9
I'm fine. And you?
Spanish
Estoy bien.
(ehsTOY byehn)
yo
(yoh)
estoy
(ehsTOY)
bien
(byehn)
Gracias.
(GRAHsyahs)
Estoy bien. Gracias.
(ehsTOY byehn GRAHsyahs)
y
(ee)
¿Y usted?
(ee oosTEHDTH)
Estoy bien. ¿Y usted?
(ehsTOY byehn ee oosTEHDTH)
también
10 too
(tahmBYEHN)
Estoy bien también.
11 I'm fine too.
(ehsTOY byehn tahmBYEHN )
De nada.
12 You're welcome.
(deh NAHdthah)
Está bien.
13 She is fine.
(ehsTAH byehn)
14 Ella está bien is also correct.
Está bien.
15 He is fine.
(ehsTAH byehn)
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English
Spanish
cansado
16 tired
(kahnSAHdthoh)
Está cansado.
17 He is tired.
(ehsTAH kahnSAHdthoh)
Está cansada.
18 She is tired.
(ehsTAH kahnSAHdthah)
Did you answer Está cansado or *Ella está cansado? This is almost correct. However, in
19 Spanish the adjective must reflect the gender of the noun it modifies. In general, masculine nouns
and their adjectives end in "-o," and feminine nouns and adjectives end in "-a."
Usted está cansado.
20 You are tired.
(oosTEHDTH ehsTAH kahnSAHdthoh)
Since in Spanish all adjectives have to agree with the gender of the noun they modify, in this course
we will adopt the masculine gender as the default. Remember the masculine gender is usually
21
indicated by an "-o" at the end of the word. Moving forward, we will be sure to let you know when to
use the feminine gender.
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Have a good day.
Que tenga un buen día.
English
1
Spanish
Have a good day.
(That have a good day.)
(keh TEHNgah oon bwehn DEEah)
un día
2
a day
3
good
4
a good day
5
Did you say *un bueno día? Good guess! However, if an adjective ending in "-o" comes before a
singular masculine noun, then we drop the "-o." Again, this only happens if the adjective comes
before the noun. For example, we say un hombre bueno (a good man) but un buen hombre (a
good man) if the adjective comes first. Remember, this rule only applies to singular masculine
nouns. So buenos días always gets to keep the "-o"!
6
to have
7
have [imperative]
8
The imperative verb form is the command form. That is, we use the imperative form to give
commands like "Stop!" or "Hurry!" and so on.
9
that
(oon DEEah)
bueno
(BWEHnoh)
un buen día
(oon bwehn DEEah)
tener
(tehNEHR)
tenga
(TEHNgah)
que
(keh)
10 Que is the relative pronoun "that" as in, "I hope that you have a good day."
Igualmente.
11 Likewise.
(eewahlMENteh)
ver
12 to see
13
(behr)
See you.
Nos vemos.
(We see each other.)
(nohs BEHmohs)
hasta
14 until
(AHStah)
luego
15 later
(LWEHgoh)
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English
16
Spanish
See you later.
Hasta luego.
(Until later.)
(AHStah LWEHgoh)
mañana
17 tomorrow
18
(mahNYAHnah)
See you tomorrow.
¡Hasta mañana!
(Until tomorrow.)
(AHStah mahNYAHnah)
pronto
19 soon
20
(PROHNtoh)
See you soon.
¡Hasta pronto!
(Until soon.)
(AHStah PROHNtoh)
Adiós.
21 Goodbye.
(ahDTHYOHS)
Adiós. Que tenga un buen día.
22 Goodbye. Have a good day.
(ahDTHYOHS keh TEHNgah oon bwehn DEEah)
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CHAPTER 2: DO YOU SPEAK ENGLISH?
¿USTED HABLA INGLÉS ?
Journey 1 Chapter 2: Do You Speak English?
Ask / Tell If Someone Speaks a Language
Ask / Tell Where Someone is From
Get Someone's Attention
Grammar Goals
Learn Simple Negation
Learn to Conjugate the Verb Hablar
Understand the Basic Structure of Questions
Use the Preposition de
Use the Verb Ser
Conversation
English
Excuse me, do you speak English?
Yes, I speak English.
Do you speak Spanish?
I speak a little bit of Spanish.
Where are you from?
I am from the United States.
Spanish
Disculpe, ¿usted habla inglés?
(deesKOOLpeh oosTEHDTH AHblah eenGLEHS)
Sí hablo inglés.
(see AHbloh eenGLEHS)
¿Usted habla español?
(oosTEHDTH AHblah ehspahNYOHL)
Hablo un poco de español.
(AHbloh oon POHkoh deh ehspahNYOHL)
¿De dónde es usted?
(deh DOHNdeh ehs oosTEHDTH)
Soy de los Estados Unidos.
(soy deh lohs ehsTAHdthohs ooNEEdthohs)
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English
Spanish
1
2
to speak
3
(you) speak
4
English
5
Do you speak English?
6
Did you notice there is no word in Spanish equivalent to the English “do” when used in questions?
7
Excuse me!
8
Excuse me!
9
Spanish
hablar
(ahBLAHR)
habla
(AHblah)
inglés
(eenGLEHS)
¿Usted habla inglés?
(oosTEHDTH AHblah eenGLEHS)
¡Disculpe!
(deesKOOLpeh)
¡Disculpa!
(deesKOOLpah)
español
(ehspahNYOHL)
10 Do you speak Spanish?
alemán
11 German
(ahlehMAHN)
¿Usted habla alemán?
12 Do you speak German?
(oosTEHDTH AHblah ahlehMAHN)
francés
13 French
14
(frahnSEHS)
Remember that personal pronouns are not necessary in Spanish. Try the following question without
the pronoun usted.
¿Habla francés?
15 Do you speak French?
(AHblah frahnSEHS)
hablas
16 you speak
(AHblahs)
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English
Spanish
¿Hablas español?
17 Do you speak Spanish?
(AHblahs ehspahNYOHL)
¿Hablas francés?
18 Do you speak French?
(AHblahs frahnSEHS)
The number of English/Spanish bilinguals in Mexico is increasing. Over the past couple of years, a
19 great number of schools have incorporated many English courses. On the other hand, a lot of
indigenous dialects spoken in the country have been losing speakers.
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13
English
1
2
(I) speak
3
I speak Spanish.
4
a little bit
5
of
6
a little bit of Spanish
7
yes
8
Yes, I speak a little bit of French.
9
She speaks a little bit of English.
10
Spanish
hablo
(AHbloh)
Hablo español.
(AHbloh ehspahNYOHL)
un poco
(oon POHkoh)
de
(deh)
un poco de español
(oon POHkoh deh ehspahNYOHL)
sí
(see)
Sí, hablo un poco de francés.
(see AHbloh oon POHkoh deh frahnSEHS)
Ella habla un poco de inglés.
(EHyah AHblah oon POHkoh deh eenGLEHS)
Did you remember that in Spanish él, ella and usted use the same form of the verb? Therefore, we
have él habla, ella habla or usted habla with the verb hablar.
italiano
11 Italian
(eetahLYAHnoh)
Él habla un poco de italiano.
12 He speaks a little bit of Italian.
(ehl AHblah oon POHkoh deh eetahLYAHnoh)
Sí, hablo francés.
13 Yes, I speak French.
(see AHbloh frahnSEHS)
no
14 no
15
(noh)
Do you remember that in Spanish there is no equivalent to "do" when used in questions? Well,
similarly in negation there is no equivalent to "don't", you simply use "no".
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English
Spanish
No hablo inglés.
16 I don't speak English.
(noh AHbloh eenGLEHS)
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Where are you from?
English
Spanish
1
Where are you from?
2
where
3
from
4
From where?
5
In Spanish, de is used for both "from" and "of." But don't worry, the context of the conversation will
help you decide which one is being used!
6
to be (for permanent states of being)
dónde
(DOHNdeh)
de
(deh)
¿De dónde?
(deh DOHNdeh)
ser
(sehr)
Do you remember "to be" is also estar in Spanish? This is because "to be" using the verb ser is
7
used for states of being that do not change; for example, Soy una mujer. (I am a woman).
Whereas, Estar is used for states of being that can change; for example, Estoy cansada (I am
tired).
8
(you) are (for permanent states of being)
9
es
(ehs)
eres
(EHrehs)
¿De dónde eres?
10 Where are you from?
(deh DOHNdeh EHrehs)
son
11 (they) are (for permanent states of being)
(sohn)
ellos
12 they
(EHyohs)
¿De dónde son ellos?
13 Where are they from?
(deh DOHNdeh sohn EHyohs)
ellas
14 they
15
(EHyahs)
Did you notice that the English personal pronoun "they" has two Spanish equivalents: ellas and
ellos?
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English
Spanish
Disculpe. ¿De dónde son ellas?
16 Excuse me. Where are they from?
(deesKOOLpeh deh DOHNdeh sohn EHyahs)
¿De dónde es?
17 Where is she from?
(deh DOHNdeh ehs)
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I'm from the United States.
English
Spanish
1
I'm from the United States.
2
(I) am (for permanent states of being)
3
the United States
4
from the United States
5
You are from the United States.
6
Excuse me. Are you from the United States?
7
Mexico
8
I'm from Mexico.
9
Mexican
soy
(soy)
los Estados Unidos
(lohs ehstAHdthohs oonEEdthohs)
de los Estados Unidos
(deh lohs ehsTAHdthohs ooNEEdthohs)
Usted es de los Estados Unidos.
(oohstEHDTH ehs deh lohs ehstAHdthohs
oonEEdthohs)
Disculpe. ¿Usted es de los Estados Unidos?
(deesKOOLpeh oosTEHDTH ehs deh lohs
ehsTAHdthohs ooNEEdthohs)
México
(MEHheekoh)
Soy de México.
(soy deh MEHheekoh)
mexicano
(MEHheekahnoh)
Soy mexicano.
10 I'm Mexican.
(soy mehheeKAHnoh)
estadounidense
11 American
(ehstahdthoh-ooneedthEHNseh)
Usted es estadounidense.
12 You are American.
(oosTEHDTH ehs ehstahdthoh-ooneeDTHEHNseh
)
Eres estadounidense.
13 You are American.
(EHrehs ehstahdthoh-ooneeDTHEHNseh)
Canadá
14 Canada
(kahnahDTHAH)
Usted es de Canadá.
15 You are from Canada.
(oosTEHDTH ehs deh kahnahDTHAH)
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English
Spanish
canadiense
16 Canadian
(kahnahDTHYEHNse)
Soy canadiense.
17 I'm Canadian.
(soy kahnahDTHYEHNse)
Eres canadiense.
18 You are Canadian.
(EHrehs kahnahDTHYEHNse)
Ellos son de México.
19 They are from Mexico.
(EHyohs sohn deh MEHheekoh)
Son mexicanos.
20 They are Mexican.
(sohn mehheeKAHnohs)
Did you get it right? You might have said son mexicano. Remember that in Spanish there are
21 singular and plural nouns, as well as adjectives that apply to every person. Therefore, son referring
to "they are," needs a plural adjective such as mexicanos.
hablan
22 (they) speak
(AHblahn)
They are not from Mexico and they don't speak
23
Spanish.
Ellos no son de México y no hablan español.
(EHyohs noh sohn deh MEHheekoh ee noh
AHblahn ehspahNYOHL)
Sí, hablo un poco de español. Soy de los Estados
24
Unidos y hablo inglés.
Yes, I speak a little bit of Spanish. I'm from the
United States and I speak English.
(see AHbloh oon POHkoh deh ehspahNYOHL soy
deh lohs ehsTAHdthohs ooNEEdthohs ee AHbloh
eenGLEHS)
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19
CHAPTER 3: W HAT IS YOUR NAME?
¿CÓMO SE LLAMA USTED?
Journey 1 Chapter 3: What is Your Name?
Ask Someone's Name
Introduce Yourself and Others
Recognize Common Latin American Names
Respond to Introductions
Say that You Are Not Someone or Something
Grammar Goals
Be Introduced to Number Agreement
Conjugate the Reflexive Verb Llamarse
Create Affirmative Sentences and Questions
Learn More Prepositions
Recognize Attached Personal Pronoun Clitics
Conversation
English
Hi, my name is María.
What is your name?
Spanish
Hola, me llamo María.
(OHlah meh YAHmoh mahREEah)
¿Cómo se llama usted?
(KOHmoh seh YAHmah oosTEHDTH)
Me llamo Tom. Es un gusto conocerla.
My name is Tom. It's nice to meet you.
It is nice to meet you too Tom. This is my husband
Carlos.
It's nice to meet you.
(meh YAHmoh tom ehs oon GOOStoh
kohnohSEHRlah)
Igualmente Tom. Él es mi esposo Carlos.
(eewahlMEHNteh tom ehl ehs mee ehsPOHsoh
KAHRlohs)
Gusto en conocerlo.
(GOOStoh ehn kohnohSEHRloh)
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What is your name?
English
1
Spanish
What is your name?
(How do you call yourself?)
Did you say, "*¿Cómo usted se llama?" Good guess! However, personal pronouns like usted,
2
etc., can either come at the beginning or end of the sentence. So, you can say, ¿Usted cómo se
llama? or ¿Cómo se llama usted?
3
llamarse
to call oneself
(yahMAHRseh)
Llamarse is a reflexive verb. Reflexive verbs show that the action of the subject of the sentence is
4
being carried out on the subject itself. That is why "to call" (llamar) alone is not reflexive because
this can mean that I call you on the phone. However, if you want to say that I call myself, as in "my
name is," I am performing the action on myself, so I would use the reflexive verb llamarse (to call
oneself), and say me llamo, literally "I call myself." For he / she and you (formal) the pronoun is se,
so you say, Él se llama, etc.
5
6
usted se llama
you call yourself
(oosTEHDTH seh YAHmah)
Did you notice that se from the end of the verb llamarse moved to the front when we said usted
se llama?
7
In many countries in Latin America people are very friendly towards foreigners. Don't be surprised if
they approach to you to say hi and ask questions about where you are from and what you're doing in
their country.
8
you call yourself
9
What is your name?
te llamas
(teh YAHmahs)
¿Cómo te llamas?
(KOHmoh teh YAHmahs)
ella se llama
10 she calls herself
(EHyah seh YAHmah)
¿Cómo se llama ella?
11 What is her name?
12
(KOHmoh seh YAHmah EHyah)
Notice how se llama can be used to refer to he, she or the formal you. This is similar to the use of
está and many other verbs.
él se llama
13 he calls himself
14
(ehl seh YAHmah)
For this next slide, remember that in Spanish, when the person you are referring to can be
understood from the context of the conversation, it is not necessary to use the pronoun.
¿Cómo se llama?
15 What is his name?
(KOHmoh seh YAHmah)
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My name is Tom.
Me llamo Tom.
English
1
Spanish
My name is Tom.
Me llamo Tom.
(I call myself Tom.)
(meh YAHmoh tom)
me llamo
2
I call myself
3
Her name is Maria.
4
María is one of the most common names in Spanish. It is a Catholic name that makes reference to
the Virgin Mary. The use of biblical names is very common in Spanish speaking countries. For
example, a common male name is Jesús which means Jesus.
5
His name is Carlos.
6
they call themselves
7
(meh YAHmoh)
Ella se llama María.
(eyah seh yahmah mahREEah.)
Él se llama Carlos.
(ehl seh YAHmah KAHRlohs)
ellos se llaman
(EHyohs seh YAHmahn)
Did you say *ellos se llama? This is almost correct. However, similar to how verbs change their
ending to agree with the subject of the sentence, they must also agree with the subject in number,
that is, singular or plural. This is why se llama changed to se llaman to create the plural form of
llamarse.
Se llaman Carlos y María.
8
Their names are Carlos and María.
9
Other popular male names in Spanish are: Pedro, Juan and José which also have biblical origins. For
females, Guadalupe, Claudia and Laura are among the most common names.
(seh YAHmahn KAHRlohs ee mahREEah)
Soy John.
10 I'm John.
(soy )
No soy María. Me llamo Juana.
11 I'm not Maria. My name is Juana.
12
(noh soy mahREEah meh YAHmoh HWAHnah )
Hola, me llamo Tom y soy de los Estados Unidos.
Hi, my name is Tom and I'm from the United
States.
(OHlah meh YAHmoh tom ee soy deh lohs
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This is my husband.
Él es mi esposo.
English
1
2
3
Spanish
This is my husband.
Él es mi esposo.
(He is my husband.)
(ehl ehs mee ehsPOHsoh)
For this next slide remember that "he is / she is / it is" and "you are (formal)" all use the same form
of the verb.
Remember that ser is used for permanent states such as Soy María (I'm Maria), which is something
that would not normally change, or Soy de México (I'm from Mexico).
mi
4
my
5
husband
6
my husband
7
In Spanish, it is not common to say "This is ...," and then the name, to introduce a person. Instead
we say "He is ..." or "She is...," and then the person's name or relationship to the person introducing
them.
8
My husband speaks Italian.
9
wife
(mee)
esposo
(ehsPOHsoh)
mi esposo
(mee ehsPOHsoh)
Mi esposo habla italiano.
(mee ehsPOHsoh AHbla eetahLYAHnoh)
esposa
(ehsPOHsah)
mi esposa
10 my wife
(mee ehsPOHsah)
hermano
11 brother
(ehrMAHnoh)
mi hermano
12 my brother
(mee ehrMAHnoh)
Él es mi hermano.
13 He is my brother.
(ehl ehs mee ehrMAHnoh)
Él no es mi hermano. Es mi esposo.
14 He's not my brother. He's my husband.
(ehl noh ehs mee ehrMAHnoh ehs mee
ehsPOHsoh)
hermana
15 sister
(ehrMAHnah)
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English
Spanish
mi hermana
16 my sister
(mee ehrMAHnah)
Ella es mi hermana.
17 She is my sister.
(EHyah ehs mee ehrMAHnah)
Mi hermana habla un poco de inglés.
18 My sister speaks a little bit of English.
(mee ehrMAHnah AHblah oon POHkoh deh
eenGLEHS)
Ella es mi hermana y se llama Guadalupe.
19 This is my sister and her name is Guadalupe.
(EHyah ehs mee ehrMAHnah ee seh YAHmah
gwahdthahLOOpeh)
amigos
20 friends
(ahMEEgohs)
mis amigos
21 my friends
22
(mees ahMEEgohs)
Did you say *mi amigos? If you did, no biggie. Just remember that mi (my) has to agree in number
with the noun amigos (friends). So, the correct answer is the plural form mis amigos.
Ellos son mis amigos.
23 They are my friends.
24
(EHyohs sohn mees ahMEEgohs)
Introducing people is very important for Spanish speakers in Latin America. You should always
remember to introduce everyone to each other. It is considered bad manners if you don't.
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It is nice to meet you.
Es un gusto conocerlo.
English
1
Spanish
(It is a pleasure to meet you.)
(ehs oon GOOStoh kohnohSEHRloh)
conocer
2
to meet
3
Conocer can be both to meet or to know. But don't worry, you will know which meaning is being
used by the context of the conversation.
4
to meet you
5
a pleasure
(kohnohSEHRloh)
conocerlo
(kohnohSEHRloh)
un gusto
(oon GOOStoh)
You may also hear people say Es un placer conocerlo. Placer literally means "pleasure." So, you
6
can use either Es un gusto conocerlo or Es un placer conocerlo. Both phrases have the same
meaning.
7
to meet you
8
9
to meet you
conocerla
(kohnohSEHRlah)
Es un gusto conocerla.
(ehs oon GOOStoh kohnohSEHRlah)
conocerte
(kohnohSEHRteh)
Es un gusto conocerte.
10 It is nice to meet you.
(ehs oon GOOStoh kohnohSEHRteh)
Es un gusto conocerlo. ¡Hasta luego!
11 It´s nice to meet you. See you later!
(ehs oon GOOStoh kohnohSEHRteh AHstah
LWEHgoh)
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CHAPTER 4: GETTING AROUND
EXPLORANDO EL LUGAR
Journey 1 Chapter 4: Getting Around
Ask for Directions
Get Help Finding Places Using a Map
Identify Important Places and Facilities Around Town
Understand Directions as They Are Given to You
Grammar Goals
Learn New Uses of the Verb "To Be"
Learn to Recognize Noun Gender
Practice Gender Agreement with Adjectives
Recognize Gender Agreement of Articles
Recognize Number Agreement With the Verb Estar
Conversation
English
Excuse me. I'm lost.
Where is the bathroom?
The bathroom is a little far away.
Spanish
Disculpe, estoy perdido.
(deesKOOLpeh ehsTOY pehrDTHEEdthoh)
¿Dónde está el baño?
(DOHNdeh ehsTAH ehl BAHnyoh)
El baño está un poco lejos.
(ehl BAHnyoh ehsTAH oon POHkoh LEHhohs)
Vaya derecho y luego a la izquierda.
Go straight and then to the left.
Thank you very much!
You're welcome.
(BAHyah dehREHchoh ee LWEHgoh ah lah
eesKYEHRdthah)
¡Muchas gracias!
(MOOchahs GRAHsyahs)
De nada.
(deh NAHdthah)
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I'm lost.
Estoy perdido.
English
Spanish
Estoy perdido.
1
I'm lost.
2
lost
3
Good afternoon. Are you lost?
4
bored
5
I'm bored.
6
I'm a little bit bored. And you?
7
ready
8
I'm ready.
9
Did you remember that most adjectives have a masculine and feminine form? Usually adjectives
that describe a male will end with an "-o" like perdido (lost) and listo (ready), whereas adjectives
(ehsTOY pehrDTHEEdthoh)
perdido
(pehrDTHEEdthoh)
Buenas tardes. ¿Usted está perdida?
(BWEHnahs TAHRdthehs oosTEHDTH ehsTAH
pehrDTHEEdthah)
aburrido
(ahbooRREEdthoh)
Estoy aburrida.
(ehsTOY ahbooRREEdthah)
Estoy un poco aburrido, ¿y tú?
(ehsTOY oon POHkoh ahbooRREEdthoh ee too)
listo
(LEEStoh)
Estoy lista.
(ehsTOY LEEStah)
that describe a female will end with an "-a" such as perdida and lista.
Buenos días. ¿Estás lista?
10 Good morning. Are you ready?
(BWEHnohs DEEahs ehsTAHS LEEStah)
Sí, estoy lista.
11 Yes, I'm ready.
(see ehsTOY LEEStah)
bien
12 okay
(byehn)
Hola, ¿estás bien?
13 Hi, are you okay?
(OHlah ehsTAHS byehn)
muy
14 very
(mwee)
Estoy muy cansada.
15 I'm very tired.
(ehsTOY mwee kahnSAHdthah)
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English
16
Spanish
Although many times the use of personal pronouns in Spanish is optional, they are used when we
want to add emphasis. In this next slide, add emphasis to who is tired and who is bored.
Tú estás cansada y yo estoy aburrido.
17 You are tired and I'm bored.
(too ehsTAHS kahnSAHdthah ee yoh ehsTOY
ahbooRREEdthoh)
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English
Spanish
1
2
In many Spanish speaking countries you will likely see signs that read, "W.C." This stands for "wash
closet." Also, in most Latin American countries, bathrooms have a drawing attached to the doors
that clearly identifies the men's and women's rooms. For example, a pipe might identify the men's
room, and a hand-held fan, the ladies' room. However, sometimes they only use a sign that says
caballeros (gentlemen) and damas (ladies).
3
Where is...
4
bathroom
5
the bathroom
6
Sometimes there may be a small fee to enter public restrooms. It is also a good idea to carry your
own toilet tissue as bathroom attendants will only give you a certain amount. Both in public
restrooms and in people's homes, flushing toilet paper causes problems in the sewer system. Throw
the paper into the small trash can provided.
7
hotel
8
Where is the hotel?
9
I'm lost. Where is the hotel?
¿Dónde está...?
(DOHNdeh ehsTAH )
baño
(BAHnyoh)
el baño
(ehl BAHnyoh)
hotel
(hohTEHL)
¿Dónde está el hotel?
(DOHNdeh ehsTAH ehl hohTEHL)
Estoy perdida. ¿Dónde está el hotel?
(ehsTOY pehrDTHEEdthah DOHNdeh ehsTAH ehl
hohTEHL)
restaurante
10 restaurant
(rrehstahwRAHNteh)
Disculpe, ¿dónde está el restaurante?
11 Excuse me, where is the restaurant?
(deesKOOLpeh DOHNdeh ehsTAH ehl
rrehstahwRAHNteh)
la parada de autobús
12 the bus stop
(lah pahRAHdthah deh ahwtohBOOS)
Bus stop (la parada de autobús) can literally be translated, "the stop of bus." In Spanish, when a
13 noun works as a modifier, for example "bus" in "bus stop," these two words are usually joined with
the preposition de (of).
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English
Spanish
Buenos días. ¿Dónde está la parada de autobús?
14 Good morning. Where is the bus stop?
(BWEHnohs DEEahs DOHNdeh ehsTAH lah
pahRAHdthah deh ahwtohBOOS)
Public Transportation is a good way to move around in most Latin American cities. There are city
buses (autobuses), subways (metro), vans (camionetas), and taxis. Many of these modes of
15
transportation are cheap. However, walking is the cheapest and most popular way to explore a new
city.
16
The different forms of public transportation are called by different names depending on which Latin
American country you are in. In Mexico you may hear camión, colectivo, or urbano for buses.
Public vans in Mexico are called peseras, micros , or combis. La guagua is a famous name for
the bus in Cuba, while lanchones is used in Peru.
llaves
17 keys
(YAHbehs)
¿Dónde están las llaves?
18 Where are the keys?
19
(DOHNdeh ehsTAHN lahs YAHbehs)
You might have said, "¿Dónde está las llaves?" Almost, but remember that llaves (keys) is
plural, so we must make the verb plural. The correct answer is ¿Dónde están las llaves?
boletos
20 tickets
(bohLEHtohs)
¿Dónde están los boletos?
21 Where are the tickets?
(DOHNdeh ehsTAHN lohs bohLEHtohs)
mapa
22 map
(MAHpah)
el mapa
23 the map
24
(ehl MAHpah)
You might have said la mapa. However, mapa is one of the exceptions to the general rule that
masculine nouns end with "-o." Mapa is actually a masculine noun. So, "the map" is el mapa.
en
25 on
(ehn)
en el mapa
26 on the map
(ehn ehl MAHpah)
¿Dónde está el restaurante en el mapa?
27 Where is the restaurant on the map?
(DOHNdeh ehsTAH ehl rrehstahwRAHNteh ehn ehl
MAHpah)
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It is a little bit far.
Está un poco lejos.
English
Spanish
1
2
far
3
Recall that in Spanish, many times pronouns like, you/ he/ she/ and it, are not used since the subject
of the sentence is reflected on the verb. Therefore, when we say "it is," we only use the proper form
of the verb ser or estar.
4
It is far.
5
close
6
It is close.
7
The hotel is very close.
8
The bus stop is very far.
9
Exploring a new city is sometimes exciting and scary at the same time. Don't be afraid to ask the
locals for help. You will find that people are usually friendly when you ask for directions. Also,
remember that most cities in Latin America are walkable, and you'll see that places are not very far
away.
(ehsTAH oon POHkoh LEHhohs)
lejos
(LEHhohs)
Está lejos.
(ehsTAH LEHhohs)
cerca
(SEHRkah)
Está cerca.
(ehsTAH SEHRkah)
El hotel está muy cerca.
(ehl hohTEHL ehsTAH mwee SEHRkah)
La parada de autobús está muy lejos.
(lah pahRAHdthah deh ahwtohBOOS ehsTAH
mwee LEHhohs)
aquí
10 here
(ahKEE)
Está aquí.
11 It's here.
(ehsTAH ahKEE)
Está lejos de aquí.
12 It's far from here.
(ehsTAH LEHhohs deh ahKEE)
La parada de autobús está un poco lejos de aquí.
13 The bus stop is a little bit far from here.
(lah pahRAHdthah deh ahwtohBOOS ehsTAH oon
POHkoh LEHhohs deh ahKEE )
kilómetro
14 kilometer
(keeLOHmehtroh)
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English
15
Spanish
Countries in Latin America do not use miles to measure distance. Distance is measured in
kilometers (kilómetros). One mile is about 1.6 kilometers.
seis (6)
16 six (6)
(seys)
Está a seis kilómetros de aquí.
17 It's six kilometers from here.
18
(ehsTAH ah seys keeLOHmehtrohs deh ahKEE)
Did you notice the little word a? It doesn't have a real meaning here. Just remember that it's
necessary to always use a between the verb estar and the distance.
¡Seis kilómetros es lejos!
19 Six kilometers is far!
(seys keeLOHmehtrohs ehs LEHhohs)
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English
1
Spanish
eesKYEHRdthah)
(Go straight and later to the left.)
ir
2
to go
3
Pay attention to this little verb ir. It does not follow the regular verb pattern that we have seen so
far.
4
Go. [imperative]
5
straight
6
Go straight.
7
to
8
left
9
to the left
10
(eer)
Vaya.
(BAHyah)
derecho
(dehREHchoh)
Vaya derecho.
(BAHyah dehREHchoh)
a
(ah)
izquierda
(eesKYEHRdthah)
a la izquierda
(ah lah eesKYEHRdthah)
Then, go to the left.
Luego vaya a la izquierda.
(Later, go to the left.)
(LWEHgoh BAHyah ah lah eesKYEHRdthah)
derecha
11 right
(dehREHchah)
hacia
12 towards
13
(AHsyah)
In order to say "to" or "towards" you can use a or hacia. Both prepositions are equivalent in this
context.
Vaya hacia la derecha.
14 Go to the right.
15
(BAHyah AHsyah lah dehREHchah)
Vaya hacia la derecha y luego hacia la izquierda.
Go to the right and then to the left.
(Go towards the right and later towards the left.)
(BAHyah AHsyah lah dehREHchah ee LWEHgoh
AHsyah lah eesKYEHRdthah)
más
16 more
(mahs)
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English
Spanish
despacio
17 slow
18
(dehsPAHseeoh)
slower
más despacio
(more slow)
(mahs dehsPAHseeoh)
por favor
19 please
(pohr fahBOHR)
Más despacio por favor.
20 Slower, please.
21
(mahs dehsPAHsyoh pohr fahBOHR)
There are many beautiful places to visit in Latin America. There are famous archeological sites such
as Palenque, and Chichén Itzá in Mexico; Peten in Guatemala; or Machu Picchu in Peru. There
are also many beautiful mountains, parks, and beaches like Cancún in Mexico; El Salto de Ángel
in Venezuela; La Catedral de Sal in Bogota; or Las Torres del Paine in Chile.
Hablo un poco de español. Más despacio, por
favor.
22 I speak a little bit of Spanish. Slower, please.
(AHbloh oon POHkoh deh ehspahNYOHL mahs
dehsPAHsyoh pohr fahBOHR )
¡Muchas gracias!
23 Thank you very much!
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How can I find the embassy?
¿Cómo puedo encontrar la embajada?
English
Spanish
1
2
to be able
3
(I) can
4
to find
5
I can find
6
How can I find...?
7
embassy
8
to turn
9
Turn. [imperative]
(KOHmoh PWEHdthoh ehnkohnTRAHR lah
ehmbahHAHdthah )
poder
(pohDTHEHR)
puedo
(PWEHdthoh)
encontrar
(ehnkohnTRAHR)
puedo encontrar
(PWEHdthoh ehnkohnTRAHR)
¿Cómo puedo encontrar...?
(KOHmoh PWEHdthoh ehnkohnTRAHR)
embajada
(ehmbahHAHdthah)
doblar
(dohBLAHR)
Doble.
(DOHbleh)
Doble a la izquierda.
10 Turn left.
(DOHbleh ah lah eesKYEHRdthah)
Doble a la derecha y luego vaya derecho.
11 Turn right and then go straight.
(DOHbleh ah lah dehREHchah ee LWEHgoh
BAHyah dehREHchoh)
Dobla.
12 Turn. [imperative]
(DOHblah)
calle
13 street
(KAHyeh)
calle San Martín
14 San Martín street
(KAHyeh sahn mahrTEEN)
Doble a la izquierda en la calle San Martín.
15 Turn left on San Martín street.
(DOHbleh ah lah eesKYEHRdthah ehn lah KAHyeh
sahn mahrTEEN)
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English
Spanish
esquina
16 corner
(ehsKEEnah)
Está en la esquina.
17 It's on the corner.
(ehsTAH ehn lah ehsKEEnah)
la oficina de turismo
18 the office of tourism
(lah ohfeeSEEnah deh tooREESmoh)
Disculpe, soy estadounidense. ¿Cómo puedo
19
encontrar la oficina de turismo?
Excuse me. I'm American. How can I find the
office of tourism?
(deesKOOLpeh soy ehstahdthohooneeDTHEHNseh
KOHmoh PWEHdthoh ehnkohnTRAHR lah
ohfeeSEEnah deh tooREESmoh)
La oficina de turismo está muy lejos. Vaya
derecho y luego doble a la derecha en la
The office of tourism is very far. Go straight and
20
then turn right at the corner.
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esquina.
(lah ohfeeSEEnah deh tooREESmoh ehsTAH mwee
LEHhohs BAHyah dehREHchoh ee LWEHgoh
DOHbleh ah lah dehREHchah ehn lah ehsKEEnah)
CHAPTER 5: SHOPPING AND P AYMENT
COMPRANDO Y P AGANDO
Journey 1 Chapter 5: Shopping and Payment
Count Up to 99
Deal with Currency
Negotiate Basic Transactions at Stores
Grammar Goals
Ask about Quantities Using Cuánto
Form the Genitive Case
Learn the Conditional Verb Conjugation
Use Demonstratives
Use the Quantifiers Mucho and Poco
Conversation
English
Excuse me. Do you have maps?
Yes, would you like to buy one?
Yes please. How much does it cost?
Spanish
Disculpe, ¿tiene mapas?
(deesKOOLpeh TYEHneh MAHpahs)
Sí, ¿le gusataría comprar uno?
(see leh goostahREEah kohmPRAHR OOnoh)
Sí, por favor. ¿Cuánto cuesta?
(see pohr fahBOHR KWAHNtoh KWEHStah)
Cuesta ocho pesos con cincuenta centavos.
It costs eight pesos and fifty cents.
Ok. Give me two, please.
Seventeen pesos, please.
Here you are.
Thank you very much.
You're welcome.
(KWEHStah OHchoh PEHsohs kohn seenKWEHNtah
sehnTAHbohs)
Ok. Deme dos, por favor.
(ohKEY DEHmeh dohs pohr fahBOHR)
Diecisiete pesos, por favor.
(dyehseeSYEHteh PEHsohs pohr fahBOHR)
Aquí tiene.
(ahKEE TYEHneh)
Muchas gracias.
(MOOchahs GRAHsyahs )
De nada.
(deh NAHdthah)
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Do you have maps?
¿Tiene mapas?
English
1
Do you have maps?
2
(you) have
3
maps
4
I have
5
one (1)
6
I have one map.
Spanish
¿Tiene mapas?
(TYEHneh MAHpahs)
tiene
(TYEHneh)
mapas
(MAHpahs)
tengo
(TEHNgoh)
uno (1)
(OOnoh)
Tengo un mapa.
(TEHNgoh oon MAHpah)
Did you say *uno mapa? That's almost correct. However, recall the phrase buen día (good day)
7
and how bueno dropped the -o when it preceded the masculine noun día. For this same reason
uno drops the -o when followed by a masculine noun and we say, un mapa.
una llave
8
one key
9
Did you say una llave? Well done! This shows that the feminine form of the number uno is una.
(OOnah YAHbeh)
dos (2)
10 two (2)
(dohs)
¿Tiene dos mapas?
11 Do you have two maps?
12
(TYEHneh dohs MAHpahs)
Here you are.
Aquí tiene.
(Here you have.)
(ahKEE TYEHneh)
tres (3)
13 three (3)
(trehs)
postal
14 postcard
(pohsTAHL)
Tengo tres postales.
15 I have three postcards.
(TEHNgoh trehs pohsTAHlehs)
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English
Spanish
When forming the plural of postal you may have said *postals. That's close. However, in Spanish,
16 to make the plural of a noun that ends with a consonant, you have to add -es to the end of the
noun. That's why the plural of postal is postales.
¿Tiene más mapas?
17 Do you have more maps?
18
(TYEHneh mahs MAHpahs)
In English, we use "a little bit" when referring to uncountable nouns like milk, money, and water, and
"a few" when referring to countable things like maps and postcards. However, in Spanish the same
word is used for both. The only trick is to make poco plural for the countable nouns. For example,
Tengo poco dinero (I have a little bit of money), but Tengo pocos mapas (I have few maps).
Generally if in English we would use "few," then in Spanish you will use pocos or pocas.
pocos mapas
19 a few maps
(POHkohs MAHpahs)
pocas postales
20 a few postcards
(POHkahs)
Tengo pocas postales y pocos mapas.
21 I have a few postcards and a few maps.
(TEHNgoh POHkahs pohsTAHlehs ee POHkohs
MAHpahs)
querer
22 to want
(kehREHR)
quiero
23 (I) want
(KYEHroh)
Quiero más postales de México.
24 I want more postcards of Mexico.
(KYEHroh mahs pohsTAHlehs deh MEHheekoh)
cuatro (4)
25 four (4)
(KWAHtroh)
Tengo cuatro postales más.
26 I have four more postcards.
(TEHNgoh KWAHtroh pohsTAHlehs mahs)
algo
27 something
28
(AHLgoh)
anything else
algo más
(something more)
(AHLgoh mahs)
quiere
29 (you) want
30
(KYEHreh)
Do you want anything else?
¿Quiere algo más?
(Do you want something more?)
(KYEHreh AHLgoh mahs)
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English
Spanish
No, gracias.
31 No, thank you.
(noh GRAHsyahs)
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How much does it cost?
¿Cuánto cuesta?
English
1
2
how much
3
to cost
4
(it) costs
5
How much is it?
6
How much do three tickets cost?
Spanish
¿Cuánto cuesta?
(KWAHNtoh KWEHStah )
cuánto
(KWAHNtoh)
costar
(kohsTAHR)
cuesta
(KWEHStah)
¿Cuánto es?
(KWAHNtoh ehs)
¿Cuánto cuestan tres boletos?
(KWAHNtoh KWEHStahn trehs bohLEHtohs)
Did you answer *¿Cuánto cuesta tres boletos? You were almost correct, but remember that
7
verbs in Spanish have to agree with the noun in gender and in number. Cuesta literally means "it
costs." Cuestan is the plural form (they cost). Therefore the correct answer is ¿Cuánto cuestan
tres boletos?
8
this
9
book
este
(EHSteh)
libro
(LEEbroh)
¿Cuánto cuesta este libro?
10 How much does this book cost?
(KWAHNtoh KWEHStah EHSteh LEEbroh)
When buying products from a salesperson on the streets of Mexico and other Latin American
countries, it is common to negotiate the price. You can get a good discount if you make the seller
11 believe that you are very interested in their product, but that you think it is too expensive. In
Spanish, this is called regatear (to bargain).
estos
12 these
(EHstohs)
¿Cuánto cuestan estos?
13 How much do these cost?
(KWAHNtoh KWEHStahn EHstohs)
dinero
14 money
(deeNEHroh)
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English
Spanish
¿Cuánto dinero tiene?
15 How much money do you have?
(KWAHNtoh deeNEHroh TYEHneh)
mucho
16 a lot
(MOOchoh)
No tengo mucho dinero.
17 I don't have a lot of money.
(noh TEHNgoh MOOchoh deeNEHroh)
cuántos
18 how many
(KWAHNtohs )
cuántas
19 how many [feminine]
(KWAHNtahs )
¿Cuántas postales quiere?
20 How many postcards do you want?
(KWAHNtahs pohsTAHlehs KYEHreh )
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It costs five pesos and fifty cents.
Cuesta cinco pesos con cincuenta centavos.
English
1
Spanish
(KWEHStah SEENkoh PEHsohs kohn
seenKWEHNtah sehnTAHbohs)
(It costs five pesos with fifty cents.)
2
five (5)
3
pesos
4
five pesos
cinco (5)
(SEENkoh)
pesos
(PEHsohs)
cinco pesos
(SEENkoh PEHsohs)
Did you know that although pesos are used in many Latin American countries, it is not the only
5
currency of Latin America? Costa Rica, for example, uses colones (named after Christopher
Columbus); Perú uses soles; Guatemala uses quetzales; Honduras uses lempiras; Bolivia uses
bolivianos, and there are even more.
6
fifty (50)
7
cents
8
fifty cents
9
with
10
cincuenta (50)
(seenKWEHNtah)
centavos
(sehnTAHbohs)
cincuenta centavos
(seenKWEHNtah sehnTAHbohs)
con
(cohn )
cinco pesos con cincuenta centavos
five pesos and fifty cents
(SEENkoh PEHsohs kohn seenKWEHNtah
sehnTAHbohs)
(five pesos with fifty cents)
11 In many areas of Latin America bartering (trueque) is still a common practice.
siete (7)
12 seven (7)
(SYEHteh)
ocho (8)
13 eight (8)
(OHchoh)
nueve (9)
14 nine (9)
(NWEHbeh)
Cuesta nueve pesos.
15 It costs nine pesos.
(KWEHStah NWEHbeh PEHsohs)
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English
Spanish
diez (10)
16 ten (10)
(dyehs)
once (11)
17 eleven (11)
(OHNseh)
doce (12)
18 twelve (12)
(DOHseh)
diez pesos con doce centavos
19 ten pesos and twelve cents
(dyehs PEHsohs kohn DOHseh sehnTAHbohs)
trece (13)
20 thirteen (13)
(TREHseh)
once pesos con trece centavos
21 eleven pesos and thirteen cents
(OHNseh PEHsohs kohn TREHseh sehnTAHbohs)
catorce (14)
22 fourteen (14)
(kahTOHRseh)
quince (15)
23 fifteen (15)
(KEENseh)
Este cuesta catorce pesos con quince centavos.
24 This costs fourteen pesos and fifteen cents.
(EHSteh KWEHStah kahTOHRseh PEHsohs kohn
KEENseh sehnTAHbohs)
The Spanish numbers for 16 to 29 are easy! They are actually contractions. For example, 16 is
25 diez (ten) and seis (six), dieciséis. And, 21 is veinte (20) and uno (one), veintiuno. Remember
this rule when saying the following numbers!
diecisiete (17)
26 seventeen (17)
(dyehseeSYEHteh)
diecinueve (19)
27 nineteen (19)
(dyehseeNWEHbeh)
veinte (20)
28 twenty (20)
(BEYNteh)
veinticuatro (24)
29 twenty-four (24)
(beynteeKWAHtroh)
treinta (30)
30 thirty (30)
(TREYNtah)
Numbers treinta y uno (thirty-one) through noventa y nueve (ninety-nine) are really easy!
31 These numbers are formed by combining the tens and the single digits with y (and). Remember this
rule for the next set of numbers!
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English
32
Spanish
thirty-two (32)
treinta y dos (32)
(thirty and two (32))
(TREYNtah ee dohs)
cuarenta (40)
33 forty (40)
(kwahREHNtah)
cuarenta y cinco (45)
34 forty-five (45)
(kwahREHNtah ee SEENkoh)
sesenta (60)
35 sixty (60)
(sehSEHNtah)
sesenta y siete (67)
36 sixty-seven (67)
(sehSEHNtah ee SYEHteh)
setenta (70)
37 seventy (70)
(sehTEHNtah)
setenta y seis (76)
38 seventy-six (76)
(sehTEHNtah ee seys)
ochenta (80)
39 eighty (80)
(ohCHEHNtah)
ochenta y uno (81)
40 eighty-one (81)
(ohCHEHNtah ee OOnoh)
noventa (90)
41 ninety (90)
(nohBEHNtah)
noventa y tres (93)
42 ninety-three (93)
(nohBEHNtah ee trehs)
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Would you like to buy one?
¿Le gustaría comprar uno?
English
1
2
to like
3
Spanish
(leh goostahREEah kohmPRAHR OOnoh)
gustar
(goosTAHR)
In Spanish, many times you don't need to use pronouns because the verb ending tells whom you
are talking about. Well, gustar (to like) is a special verb in Spanish, it always needs an
accompanying pronoun. For example, me gusta (I like), le gusta (he/ she likes; you [formal] like),
and so on.
4
you like
5
you would like
6
Would you like...?
7
to buy
8
Would you like to buy...?
9
shoes
le gusta
(leh gOOstah)
le gustaría
(leh goostahrEEah)
¿Le gustaría...?
(leh goostahrEEah)
comprar
(kohmPRAHR)
¿Le gustaría comprar...?
(leh goostahrEEah cOHmprahr)
zapatos
(sahpAHtohs)
¿Le gustaría ver estos zapatos?
10 Would you like to see these shoes?
(leh goostahrEEah vehr EHstohs sahpAHtohs)
me gustaría
11 I would like
(meh goostahrEEah )
esos
12 those
(EHsohs)
No. Me gustaría ver esos zapatos, por favor.
13 No. I would like to see those shoes, please.
(noh meh goostahREEah behr EHsohs
sahPAHtohs pohr fahBOHR)
te gustaría
14 you would like
(teh goostahREEah)
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English
Spanish
camiseta
15 tee shirt
(kahmeeSEHtah)
¿Te gustaría comprar esta camiseta?
16 Would you like to buy this tee shirt?
(teh goostahREEah kohmPRAHR EHStah
kahmeeSEHtah)
ese
17 that
(EHseh)
esa camiseta
18 that tee shirt
(EHsah kahmeeSEHtah)
You might have said *ese camiseta. Like adjectives and other describing words in Spanish, "this,"
19 "that," "these," and "those" also need to agree with the gender of the noun they describe. So the
correct answer is esa camiseta.
No me gustaría comprar esa camiseta.
20 I wouldn't like to buy that tee shirt.
21
(noh meh goostahREEah kohmPRAHR EHsah
kahmeeSEHtah)
Stores in Mexico usually open around 10:00 a.m. and close late in the evening, around 8:00 p.m.
Some of them may have a small break between 2:00 and 4:00p.m. for lunch.
tienda
22 store
(TYEHNdah)
ropa
23 clothes
24
(RROHpah)
clothing store
tienda de ropa
(store of clothes)
(TYEHNdah deh RROHpah)
tienda de zapatos
25 shoe store
(TYEHNdah deh sahPAHtohs)
¿Te gustaría ir a la tienda de zapatos?
26 Would you like to go to the shoe store?
(teh goostahREEah eer ah lah TYEHNdah deh
sahPAHtohs)
Me gustaría comprar esos zapatos. ¿Cuánto
27
I would like to buy those shoes. How much do
they cost?
cuestan?
(meh goostahREEah kohmPRAHR EHsohs
sahPAHtohs KWAHNtoh KWEHStahn)
¿Te gustaría comprar ropa de esa tienda?
28 Would you like to buy clothes from that store?
(teh goostahREEah kohmPRAHR RROHpah deh
EHsah TYEHNdah)
Even though many countries like Mexico have big department stores, there are still lots of small
29 stores and markets where you can buy all kinds of groceries. Be sure to ask the locals about their
markets.
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Give me two, please.
Deme dos, por favor.
English
1
2
to give
3
give me [imperative]
4
Give me three maps, please.
5
(you) give me
6
Spanish
(DEHmeh dohs pohr fahBOHR)
dar
(dahr)
deme
(DEHmeh)
Deme tres mapas, por favor.
(DEHmeh trehs MAHpahs pohr fahBOHR)
me da
(meh dah)
Could you give me a book, please?
¿Me da un libro, por favor?
(You give me a book, please?)
(meh dah oon LEEbroh pohr fahBOHR)
7
(you) give me
8
Could you give me those shoes?
me das
(meh dahs)
¿Me das esos zapatos?
(meh dahs EHsohs sahPAHtohs)
In Mexico, there are special markets known as tianguis. The word comes from the indigenous
9
language Nahuatl , and means "they are only in town for one day." The concept is similar to a free
market and you can basically find all kinds of tianguis. There are different ones for food, groceries,
clothes, furniture, books, pets, and even cars. You will be surprised by the things you can find there!
nos da
10 (you) give us
(nohs dah)
¿Nos da un mapa de México, por favor?
11 Could you give us a map of Mexico, please?
(nohs dah oon MAHpah deh MEHheekoh pohr
fahBOHR)
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CHAPTER 6: DRINKS AND DINING
COMIDAS Y BEBIDAS
Journey 1 Chapter 6: Drinks and Dining
Gain Insight into the Latin American Food Culture
Order Drinks and Meals
Understand Common Phrases Used at Restaurants
Grammar Goals
Convey Future Tense Using Ir a
Learn the Prepositions Con, Sin, and Para
Recognize the Position of Adjectives in a Sentence
Use the Conditional Verb Form Podría
Use the Impersonal Form of the Verb Haber
Conversation
English
Good evening.
What are you going to drink?
French wine, please.
Spanish
Buenas tardes.
¿Qué va a tomar?
(keh bah ah tohMAHR)
Vino francés, por favor.
(BEEnoh frahnSEHS pohr fahBOHR )
No hay vino francés. ¿Quiere vino italiano?
There is no French wine. Do you want Italian wine?
Yes, thank you.
Are you ready to order?
(noh ay BEEnoh frahnSEHS KYEHreh BEEnoh
eetahLYAHnoh)
Sí, gracias.
(see GRAHsyahs)
¿Está listo para ordenar?
(ehSTAH LEEStoh PAHrah ohrdthehNAHR)
Sí. ¿Podría traerme la paella, por favor?
Yes. Could you bring me the paella, please?
Sure.
(see pohDTHREEah trahEHRmeh lah pahEHyah pohr
fahBOHR)
Claro.
(KLAHroh)
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English
1
(Are you ready for order?)
2
You are ready.
3
for
4
to order
5
6
Spanish
Está listo.
(ehsTAH LEEStoh)
para
(PAHrah)
ordenar
(ohrdthehNAHR)
to order
para ordenar
(for order)
(PAHrah ohrdthehNAHR)
ready to order
listo para ordenar
(ready for order)
(LEEStoh PAHrah ohrdthehNAHR)
María, ¿estás lista para ordenar?
7
María, are you ready to order?
8
Did you remember to change listo to lista because Maria is a female?
9
(you) are
(mahREEah ehsTAH LEEStah PAHrah
ohrdthehNAHR)
están
(ehsTAHn)
¿Están listos para ordenar?
10 Are you ready to order?
(ehsTAHN LEEStohs PAHrah ohrdthehNAHR)
esperar
11 to wait
(ehspehRAHR)
espere
12 wait
(ehsPEHreh)
¡Espere! No estoy listo para ordenar.
13 Wait! I'm not ready to order.
(ehsPEHreh noh ehsTOY LEEStoh PAHrah
ohrdthehNAHR)
Quiero esperar. Mis amigos no están listos para
14 I want to wait. My friends are not ready to order.
ordenar.
(KYEHroh ehspehRAR mees ahMEEgohs noh
ehsTAHN LEEStohs PAHrah ohrdthehNAHR)
ahora
15 now
(ahOHrah)
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English
Spanish
estamos
16 (we) are
(ehsTAHmohs)
¡Ahora estamos listos para ordenar!
17 Now we are ready to order!
(ahOHrah ehsTAHmohs LEEStohs PAHrah
ohrdthehNAHR)
18 Did you remember to change listo to listos to indicate that it is plural?
You will find that the menus in many Latin American countries are generally divided into entradas
(starters), plato principal (main course), bebidas (drinks) and postres (desserts). If you choose
19 to eat out you may find it interesting to try the plato del día literally, "plate of the day" and, if you
like to enjoy your meal surrounded by nature, you can go to restaurants that have comidas para
llevar (take-out food).
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Could you bring me the paella?
¿Podría traerme la paella?
English
Spanish
1
2
(you) could
3
to bring
4
Could you bring...?
5
to bring me
6
Could you bring me...?
7
Paella is a very popular dish in Spain and southern Latin American countries like Argentina. Its
main ingredients are rice, vegetables and sea-food (such as lobster and shrimp). Some paellas are
also cooked with meat or chicken but all of them have saffron, the ingredient that gives the paella its
characteristic color.
8
bottle
9
water
(pohDTHREEah trahEHRmeh lah pahEHyah)
podría
(pohDTHREEah)
traer
(trahEHR)
¿Podría traer...?
(pohDTHREEah trahEHR)
traerme
(trahEHRmeh)
¿Podría traerme...?
(pohDTHREEah trahEHRmeh)
botella
(bohTEHyah)
agua
(AHwah)
botella de agua
10 bottle of water
(bohTEHyah deh AHwah)
¿Podría traerme una botella de agua?
11 Could you bring me a bottle of water?
(pohDTHREEah trahEHRmeh OOnah bohTEHyah
deh AHwah)
vino
12 wine
(BEEnoh)
botella de vino
13 bottle of wine
(bohTEHyah deh BEEnoh)
francés
14 French
(frahnSEHS)
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English
Spanish
traernos
15 to bring us
(trahEHRnohs)
¿Podría traernos una botella de vino francés?
16 Could you bring us a bottle of French wine?
(pohDTHREEah trahEHRnohs OOnah bohTEHyah
deh BEEnoh frahnSEHS)
darme
17 to give me
(DAHRmeh)
vaso
18 glass
(BAHsoh)
refresco
19 soda
(rrehFREHSkoh)
¿Podría darme un vaso de refresco?
20 Could you give me a glass of soda?
(pohDTHREEah DAHRmeh oon BAHsoh deh
rrehFREHSkoh)
¿Podría traerme un poco de paella española?
21 Could you bring me a little bit of Spanish paella?
22
Did you notice that español changed to española? This is just another example of gender
agreement. Since paella is a feminine noun it's adjective must agree and also become feminine.
salsa
23 sauce
(SAHLsah)
tomate
24 tomato
25
(pohDTHREEah trahEHRmeh oon POHkoh deh
pahEHyah ehspahNYOHlah)
(tohMAHteh)
tomato sauce
salsa de tomate
(sauce of tomato)
(SAHLsah deh tohMAHteh)
sal
26 salt
(sahl)
no tiene
27 doesn't have
(noh TYEHneh)
La salsa no tiene sal. ¿Podría traerme un poco,
28
The sauce doesn't have salt. Could you bring me
a little, please?
por favor?
(lah SAHLsah noh TYEHneh sahl pohDTHREEah
trahEHRmeh oon POHkoh pohr fahBOHR)
azúcar
29 sugar
(ahSOOkahr)
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English
Spanish
café
30 coffee
(kahFEH)
café con azúcar
31 coffee with sugar
(kahFEH kohn ahSOOkahr)
¿Podría traerme un café con azúcar?
32 Could you bring me a coffee with sugar?
(pohDTHREEah trahEHRmeh oon kahFEH kohn
ahSOOkahr )
hongos
33 mushrooms
(OHNgohs)
sin
34 without
(seen)
sin salsa de hongos
35 without mushroom sauce
(seen SAHLsah deh OHNgohs)
pollo
36 chicken
(POHyoh)
¿Podría traerme el pollo sin salsa de hongos?
Could you bring me the chicken without
37
mushroom sauce?
(pohDTHREEah trahEHRmeh ehl POHyoh seen
SAHLsah deh OHNgohs)
Each country in South America has a unique cuisine due to the different history, geography, and
culture that each of them possess. The result is a wide variety of traditions and flavors. So, if you
38
like chicken, meat, or pasta you will find plenty of choices that will satisfy you. Don't worry if you are
vegetarian! Many native foods are elaborated with vegetables and different herbs.
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¿Qué va a tomar?
English
Spanish
¿Qué va a tomar?
1
2
to drink
3
(you) are going to
4
are you going to drink
5
what
6
You may recall that que is the relative pronoun "that." However, qué with the accent over the "e" is
the question word, "what." So in Spanish, one little accent mark can change the meaning of a word!
7
I am going to
8
I'm going to drink a soda.
9
What are you going to order?
tomar
(tohMAHR)
va a
(bah ah)
¿va a tomar?
(bah ah tohMAHR)
qué
(keh)
voy a
(boy ah)
Voy a tomar un refresco.
(boy ah tohMAHR oon rrehFREHSkoh)
¿Qué va a ordenar?
(keh bah ah ohrdthehNAHR)
Voy a ordenar los hongos con salsa.
10 I'm going to order the mushrooms with sauce.
(boy ah ohrdthehNAHR lohs OHNgohs kohn
SAHLsah)
vas a
11 you are going to
(bahs ah)
carne
12 meat
(KAHRneh)
¿Vas a ordenar la carne?
13 Are you going to order the meat?
(bahs ah ohrdthehNAHR lah KAHRneh)
Espere. No voy a ordenar ahora.
14 Wait. I'm not going to order now.
(ehsPEHreh noh boy ah ohrdthehNAHR ahOHrah)
comer
15 to eat
(kohMEHR)
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English
Spanish
Voy a comer.
16 I am going to eat.
(boy ah kohMEHR)
No voy a comer.
17 I'm not going to eat.
(noh boy ah kohMEHR)
Estoy listo para ordenar. Voy a comer la carne
18
I'm ready to order. I'm going to eat the meat with con hongos.
mushrooms.
(ehsTOY LEEStoh PAHrah ohrdthehNAHR boy ah
kohMEHR lah KAHRneh kohn OHNgohs)
postre
19 dessert
(POHStreh)
¿Va a ordenar el postre ahora?
20 Are you going to order dessert now?
(bah ah ohrdthehNAHR ehl POHStreh ahOHrah)
vamos a
21 we are going to
(BAHmohs ah )
¿Vamos a ir al restaurante italiano?
22 Are we going to go to the Italian restaurant?
(BAHmohs ah eer ahl rrehstahwRAHNteh
eetahLYAHnoh)
Do you remember that in Spanish in order to say "to" we used the preposition a? You may have
23 noticed that in this case we said al, not a. That is because al is actually a union of a and el from el
restaurante.
Vamos a comer el postre ahora.
24 We are going to eat the dessert now.
(BAHmohs ah kohMEHR ehl POHStreh ahOHrah)
chocolate
25 chocolate
26
(chohkohLAHteh)
chocolate dessert
postre de chocolate
(dessert of chocolate)
(POHStreh deh chohkohLAHteh)
Voy a ordenar el postre de chocolate.
27 I'm going to order the choclate dessert.
(boy ah ohrdthehNAHR ehl POHStreh deh
chohkohLAHteh )
Did you know that the seeds of chocolate were discovered 2,000 years ago in America? The first
people known to have tasted the chocolate were the ancient cultures of Mexico and Central
28 America. The seeds of chocolate were then taken to Spain and used in a wide variety of recipes. It
was at that moment that its popularity was spread throughout Europe and it still remains as one of
the world's favorite flavors.
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Waitress. Bring me the bill, please.
Mesera. Tráigame la cuenta, por favor.
English
Spanish
1
2
bring me
3
bill
4
Bring me the bill.
5
waitress
6
waiter
7
menu
8
Waiter. Bring me the menu, please.
9
I want to see the menu, please.
(mehSEHrah TRAYgahmeh lah KWEHNtah pohr
fahBOHR)
tráigame
(TRAYgahmeh)
cuenta
(KWEHNtah)
Tráigame la cuenta.
(TRAYgahmeh lah KWEHNtah)
mesera
(mehSEHrah )
mesero
(mehSEHroh)
menú
(mehNOO)
Mesero. Tráigame el menú, por favor.
(mehSEHroh TRAYgahmeh ehl mehNOO pohr
fahBOHR)
Quiero ver el menú, por favor.
(KYEHroh behr ehl mehNOO pohr fahBOHR)
Claro.
10 Sure.
11
(KLAHroh)
Sure. Here you are.
Claro. Aquí tiene.
(Sure. Here you have. )
(KLAHroh ahKEE TYEHneh)
¡Buen provecho!
12 Enjoy!
(bwehn prohBEHchoh)
In Latin America it is very common to use the expression "buen provecho" which roughly
13 translates to, "enjoy your meal." But be careful! Common does not mean correct! Consequently,
try to avoid it if you are having a formal meal.
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Is there a table for two?
¿Hay una mesa para dos?
English
1
2
there is / there are
3
table
4
Is there a table?
5
a table for two
Spanish
(ay OOnah MEHsah PAHrah dohs)
hay
(ay)
mesa
(MEHsah)
¿Hay una mesa?
(ay OOnah MEHsah)
una mesa para dos
(OOnah MEHsah PAHrah dohs)
Buenos días. ¿Hay una mesa para cuatro, por
6
Good morning. Is there a table for four, please?
7
Is there a bathroom here?
8
people
9
a lot of people
favor?
(BWEHnohs DEEahs ay OOnah MEHsah PAHrah
KWAHtroh pohr fahBOHR)
¿Hay un baño aquí?
(ay oon BAHnyoh ahKEE)
gente
(HEHNteh)
mucha gente
(MOOchah HEHNteh)
Hay mucha gente en este restaurante.
10 There are a lot of people in this restaurant.
(ay MOOchah HEHNteh ehn EHSteh
rrehstahwRAHNteh)
No hay.
11 There isn't.
(noh ay)
Lo siento.
12 I'm sorry.
(loh SYEHNtoh)
Lo siento. No hay refrescos.
13 I'm sorry. There aren't any sodas.
(loh SYEHNtoh noh ay rrehFREHSkohs)
You might hear people say Disculpe or Lo siento to mean "I'm sorry." These two phrases can
14
generally be used interchangeably. However, Disculpe can be used to say "I'm sorry" or "Excuse
me", while Lo siento is generally used only to say "I'm sorry." Don't worry about when to use them!
The context will help you decide.
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English
Spanish
No hay más.
15 There isn't any more.
(noh ay mahs)
No hay más café. Lo siento.
16 There isn't any more coffee. I'm sorry.
(noh ay mahs kahFEH loh SYEHNtoh)
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CHAPTER 7: NUMBERS AND CURRENCY
NÚMEROS Y MONEDAS
Journey 1 Chapter 7: Numbers and Currency
Ask / Tell Whether One Can Use Something
Deal with Large Numbers
Handle Currency with Ease
Ride a Taxi and Pay the Fare
Grammar Goals
Learn the Use of Adónde
Learn the Verbs Usar, Pagar and Aceptar
Use the Expression Tener Que to Express Needs
Use the Possessive Adjectives Su, Mi and their Plural Forms
Use Aquí and Allí to Talk About Locations
Conversation
English
Good morning. Where are you going?
I'm going to San Martín Street. How much is it from
here?
It's one hundred ten pesos.
Well, let's go.
Spanish
Buenos días. ¿Adónde va?
(BWEHnohs DEEahs ahDTHOHNdeh bah)
Voy a la calle San Martín. ¿Cuánto es desde aquí?
(boy ah lah KAHyeh sahn mahrTEEN KWAHNtoh ehs
DEHSdtheh ahKEE)
Son ciento diez pesos.
(sohn SYEHNtoh dyehs PEHsohs)
Bueno. Vamos.
(BWEHnoh BAHmohs)
Bajo aquí. ¿Puedo pagar con tarjeta de crédito?
I'm getting off here. Can I pay with credit card?
(BAHhoh ahKEE PWEHdthoh pahGAHR kohn
tahrHEHtah deh KREHdtheetoh)
Disculpe pero no acepto tarjetas de crédito.
I'm sorry but I do not accept credit cards.
Ok. Here you have one thousand pesos.
Here's your change.
Thank you. Goodbye.
(deesKOOLpeh PEHroh noh ahSEHPtoh tahrHEHtahs
deh KREHdtheetoh)
Bueno. Aquí tiene mil pesos.
(BWEHnoh ahKEE TYEHneh meel PEHsohs)
Aquí tiene su cambio.
(ahKEE TYEHneh soo KAHMbyoh)
Gracias. Adiós.
(GRAHsyahs ahDTHYOHS)
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Where are you going?
¿Adónde va?
English
1
2
Spanish
¿Adónde va?
(To where do you go?)
(ahDTHOHNdeh bah)
where
adónde
(to where)
(ahDTHOHNdeh)
Pay attention to this new word adónde and learn how to differentiate it from dónde. Dónde
3
means "where" and is used to ask questions about the location of something. Adónde, on the
other hand, is the form used to inquire about the destination of someone or something, as in "to
where..." Consequently, in Spanish you would say, ¿Adónde vas? (To where are you going?)
However, you can not say "*To where is the book?" Instead you say, "Where is the book?" (¿Dónde
está el libro?).
4
(you) go
5
to have to
6
(you) have to
7
Where do you have to go?
8
(I) have to
9
to take
va
(bah)
tener que
(tehNEHR keh)
tiene que
(TYEHneh keh)
¿Adónde tiene que ir?
(ahDTHOHNdeh TYEHneh keh eer)
tengo que
(TEHNgoh keh)
tomar
(tohMAHR)
taxi
10 taxi
(TAHksee)
Tengo que tomar un taxi. ¿Adónde puedo ir?
11 I have to take a taxi. Where can I go?
(TEHNgoh keh tohMAHR oon TAHksee
ahDTHOHNdeh PWEHdthoh eer)
Traveling by taxi may be one of the cheapest ways of getting around in Latin America. However, if
you are planning to use a taxi, always remember to take authorized taxis with all the familiar
12
markings (like a yellow car with the white taxi light on the roof). And if you are at the airport or
important bus station, it is a good idea to buy your ticket from a clearly marked taxi booth.
libre
13 free
(LEEbreh)
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English
14
Spanish
Este taxi está libre. ¿Adónde quiere ir?
This taxi is available. Where do you want to go?
(EHSteh TAHksee ehsTAH LEEbreh ahDTHOHNdeh
KYEHreh eer)
(This taxi is free. To where do you want to go?)
quieres
15 (you) want
(KYEHrehs)
tarde
16 evening
17
(TAHRdtheh)
Do you recall that tarde can also mean "afternoon" and "late?" If you forgot, don't worry! You will
know which tarde is being used by the context of the conversation.
Estoy libre esta tarde. ¿Adónde quieres ir?
18 I'm free this evening. Where do you want to go?
(ehsTOY LEEbreh EHStah TAHRdtheh
ahDTHOHNdeh KYEHrehs eer )
señor
19 sir
(sehNYOHR)
Buenos días, señor. ¿Adónde quiere ir?
20 Good morning, sir. Where do you want to go?
(bwEHnohs dEEahs sehnyOHr ahdOHndeh
keeEHreh eer )
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How much is it from here?
¿Cuánto es desde aquí?
English
1
2
How much is it?
3
from
4
from here
5
there
6
Spanish
(KWAHNtoh ehs DEHSdtheh ahKEE)
¿Cuánto es?
(KWAHNtoh ehs)
desde
(DEHSdtheh)
desde aquí
(DEHSdtheh ahKEE)
allí
(ahYEE)
How much is it to there?
¿Cuánto es hasta allí?
(How much is it until there?)
(KWAHNtoh ehs AHStah ahYEE)
aeropuerto
7
airport
8
hotel
9
Did you remember that in Spanish the "h" is always silent?
(ahehrohPWEHRtoh)
hotel
(hohTEHL)
¿Cuánto es desde el aeropuerto hasta el hotel?
10 How much is it from the airport to the hotel?
(KWAHNtoh ehs DEHSdtheh ehl
ahehrohPWEHRtoh AHStah ehl hohTEHL)
avenida
11 avenue
(ahbehNEEdthah)
¿Cuánto es hasta la avenida San Juan?
12 How much is it to San Juan Avenue?
(KWAHNtoh ehs AHStah lah ahbehNEEdthahh san
hwahn)
estación
13 station
(ehstahSYOHN)
I'm going to the station. How much is it from
14 here?
Voy hasta la estación. ¿Cuánto es desde aquí?
(I go until the station. How much is it from here?)
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(boy AHStah lah ehstahSYOHN KWAHNtoh ehs
DEHSdtheh ahKEE)
I'm getting off here.
Bajo aquí.
English
Spanish
Bajo aquí.
1
2
to get off
3
(I) get off
4
Do you see the pattern here? Now try to apply this pattern to the new verb you just learned.
5
(we) get off
6
We get off there.
7
We get off here. Can you wait, please?
8
You have seen that verbs in Spanish must reflect their subject. Most follow a regular pattern. Given
the verb hablar (to speak) and habla (you speak, formal), try to guess the answer to this next
slide.
9
(you) get off
(BAHhoh ahKEE)
bajar
(bahHAHR)
bajo
(BAHhoh)
bajamos
(bahHAHmohs)
Bajamos allí.
(bahHAHmohs ahYEE)
Bajamos aquí. ¿Puede esperar, por favor?
(bahHAHmohs ahKEE PWEHdtheh ehspehRAHR
pohr fahBOHR)
baja
(BAHhah)
¿Dónde baja?
10 Where do you get off?
(DOHNdeh BAHhah)
¿Dónde tiene que bajar?
11 Where do you have to get off?
(DOHNdeh TYEHneh keh bahHAHR)
próxima
12 next
(PROHkseemah)
parada
13 stop
14
(pahRAHdthah)
at the next stop
en la próxima parada
(on the next stop)
(ehn lah PROHkseemahh pahRAHdthah)
¿Baja en la próxima parada?
15 Do you get off at the next stop?
(BAHhah ehn lah PROHkseemahh pahRAHdthah)
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English
Spanish
siguiente
16 following
17
(seeGYEHNteh)
No. I get off at the following one.
No. Bajo en la siguiente.
(No. I get off on the following.)
(noh BAHhoh ehn lah seeGYEHNteh)
subir
18 to get on
(sooBEER)
Puedo subir en la próxima parada.
19 I can get on at the next stop.
(PWEHdthoh sooBEER ehn lah PROHkseemahh
pahRAHdthah)
¿Puedo subir aquí?
20 Can I get on here?
(PWEHdthoh sooBEER ahKEE)
¿Dónde tengo que subir?
21 Where do I have to get on?
(DOHNdeh TEHNgoh keh sooBEER)
Always remember to research your destination before leaving and, as you are packing, think twice
22 about the valuables you need to take! It is always recommended not to travel with things that you
won't use.
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English
1
Spanish
(They are one hundred ten pesos. )
cien (100)
2
one hundred (100)
3
Numbering in the hundreds also follows a regular pattern in Spanish. That makes it easy, right? All
you have to do is add -to to the end of the word hundred. For example one hundred twenty is
(syehn)
ciento veinte and one hundred sixteen is ciento dieciséis.
4
one hundred ten (110)
5
one hundred ten pesos
6
change
7
Do you have change?
8
9
ciento diez (110)
(SYEHNtoh dyehs)
ciento diez pesos
(SYEHNtoh dyehs PEHsohs)
cambio
(KAHMbyoh)
¿Tiene cambio?
(TYEHneh KAHMbyoh)
Do you have change for a hundred?
¿Tiene cambio de cien?
(Do you have change of a hundred?)
(TYEHneh KAHMbyoh deh syehn)
ciento cinco (105)
one hundred five (105)
(SYEHNtoh SEENcoh)
doscientos (200)
10 two hundred (200)
11
(dohsSYEHNtohs)
Did you notice that because two is plural we have to add an -s? This is why we say ciento doce
(one hundred twelve), but doscientos doce (two hundred twelve).
doscientos veintidós (222)
12 two hundred twenty-two (222)
(dohsSYEHNtohs beynteeDTHOHS)
trescientos (300)
13 three hundred (300)
(trehsSYEHNtohs)
trescientos cuarenta (340)
14 three hundred forty (340)
(trehsSYEHNtohs kwahREHNtah)
cuatrocientos sesenta y siete (467)
15 four hundred sixty-seven (467)
(kwahtrohSYEHNtohs sehSEHNtah ee SYEHteh)
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English
Spanish
quinientos (500)
16 five hundred (500)
(keenYEHNtohs)
Disculpe, no tengo cambio de quinientos.
17 I'm sorry. I don't have change for five hundred.
(deesKOOLpeh noh TEHNgoh KAHMbyoh deh
keenYEHNtohs)
quinientos noventa y uno (591)
18 five hundred ninety-one (591)
(keenYEHNtohs nohBEHNtah ee OOnoh)
seiscientos once (611)
19 six hundred eleven (611)
(seysSYEHNtohs OHNseh)
setecientos ochenta y cinco (785)
20 seven hundred eighty-five (785)
(sehtehSYEHNtohs ohCHEHNtah ee SEENcoh)
ochocientos cincuenta y nueve (859)
21 eight hundred fifty-nine (859)
(ohchohSYEHNtohs seenKWEHNtah ee NWEHbeh)
novecientos (900)
22 nine hundred (900)
(nohbehSYEHNtohs)
Son novecientos cuarenta y ocho pesos, por
favor.
23 It's nine hundred forty-eight pesos, please.
(sohn nohbehSYEHNtohs kwahREHNtah ee
OHchoh PEHsohs pohr fahBOHR)
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Can I pay with a credit card?
¿Puedo pagar con tarjeta de crédito?
English
Spanish
1
2
to pay
3
Can I pay?
4
credit card
5
debit card
6
I can't pay with debit card.
7
to use
8
Can I use my credit card here?
9
traveler's check
(PWEHdthoh pahGAHR kohn tahrHEHtah deh
KREHdtheetoh)
pagar
(pahGAHR)
¿Puedo pagar?
(PWEHdthoh pahGAHR)
tarjeta de crédito
(tahrHEHtah deh KREHdtheetoh)
tarjeta de débito
(tahrHEHtah deh DEHbeetoh)
No puedo pagar con tarjeta de débito.
(noh PWEHdthoh pahGAHR kohn tahrHEHtah deh
DEHbeetoh)
usar
(ooSAHR)
¿Puedo usar mi tarjeta de crédito aquí?
(PWEHdthoh ooSAHR mee tahrHEHtah deh
KREHdtheetoh ahKEE)
cheque del viajero
(CHEHkeh dehl byaHEHroh)
mis
10 my [plural]
(mees)
Voy a usar mis cheques del viajero.
11 I'm going to use my traveler's checks.
12
(boy ah ooSAHR mees CHEHkehs dehl byaHEHroh)
Did you notice that the words used in Spanish to show possession have singular and plural forms in
order to agree with the noun? So, you will say mi tarjeta de crédito (my credit card) but mis
tarjetas de débito (my debit cards). You say su cheque del viajero (your traveler's check) but
sus dólares (your dollars).
su
13 your
(soo)
sus
14 your [plural]
(soos)
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English
Spanish
Disculpe. No puede usar sus cheques del viajero
I'm sorry. You can't use your traveler's checks
15
here.
aquí.
(deesKOOLpeh noh PWEHdtheh ooSAHR soos
CHEHkehs dehl byaHEHroh ahKEE)
efectivo
16 cash
(ehfehkTEEboh)
No tengo efectivo. ¿Puedo pagar con mi tarjeta
17 I don't have cash. Can I pay with my debit card?
de débito?
(noh TEHNgoh ehfehkTEEboh PWEHdthoh
pahGAHR kohn mee tahrHEHtah deh DEHbeetoh)
Puedo usar mi tarjeta de crédito aquí.
18 I can use my credit card here.
KREHdtheetoh ahKEE)
The use of credit and debit cards is really convenient, but don't forget to have a back-up plan in case
19 you lose your card (or have it swallowed by an ATM). It is always a good idea to travel with some
traveler's check or a small amount of cash, just in case.
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English
Spanish
1
2
to accept
3
I accept
4
I don't accept
5
I´m sorry but I don´t accept...
(deesKOOLpeh PEHroh noh ahSEHPtoh
tahrHEHtahs deh KREHdtheetoh)
aceptar
(ahsehpTAHR)
acepto
(ahSEHPtoh)
no acepto
(noh ahSEHPtoh)
Disculpe pero no acepto...
(deesKOOLpeh PEHroh noh ahSEHPtoh)
Acepto tarjetas de crédito pero no acepto
6
I accept credit cards but I don't accept traveler's
checks.
7
only
8
is accepted
9
Only cash is accepted.
cheques del viajero.
(ahSEHPtoh tahrHEHtahs deh KREHdtheetoh
PEHroh noh ahSEHPtoh CHEHkehs dehl
byaHEHroh)
sólo
(SOHloh)
se acepta
(seh ahSEHPtah)
Sólo se acepta efectivo.
(SOHloh seh ahSEHPtah ehfehkTEEboh )
No se aceptan tarjetas de crédito en este taxi.
10 Credit cards are not accepted in this taxi.
(noh seh ahSEHPtahn tahrHEHtahs deh
KREHdtheetoh ehn EHSteh TAHksee)
Did you notice that se acepta (is accepted) changed to se aceptan (are accepted)? Remember
11 the verb must always agree with the subject. So, since tarjetas de crédito is plural, we add the -n
to end of the verb to make it plural as well.
¿Se aceptan cheques del viajero aquí?
12 Are traveler's checks accepted here?
(seh ahSEHPtahn CHEHkehs dehl byaHEHroh
ahKEE)
dólar
13 dollar
(DOHlahr)
No. Pero se aceptan dólares y pesos.
14 No. But dollars and pesos are accepted.
(noh PEHroh seh ahSEHPtahn DOHlahrehs ee
PEHsohs)
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Here you are one thousand pesos.
Aquí tiene mil pesos.
English
1
Spanish
(Here you have one thousand pesos.)
(ahKEE TYEHneh meel PEHsohs)
mil (1,000)
2
thousand (1,000)
3
a thousand pesos
4
When dealing with numbers, pay attention to the use of commas and periods. Some countries in
Latin America, like Argentina for example, use periods instead of commas to separate thousands,
and they also use commas instead of periods to mark the decimal units. So, in Argentina 5,000
would be 5.000 and 29.99 would be 29,99.
5
two thousand (2,000)
6
two thousand five hundred ninety-three (2,593)
7
three thousand (3,000)
8
Can I pay with three thousand dollars?
9
four thousand nine hundred sixty-five (4,965)
(meel)
mil pesos
(meel PEHsohs)
dos mil (2,000)
(dohs meel )
dos mil quinientos noventa y tres (2,593)
(dohs meel keenYEHNtohs nohBEHNtah ee trehs)
tres mil (3,000)
(trehs meel)
¿Puedo pagar con tres mil dólares?
(PWEHdthoh pahGAHR kohn trehs meel
DOHlahrehs)
cuatro mil novecientos sesenta y cinco (4,965)
(KWAHtroh meel nohbehSYEHNtohs sehSEHNtah
ee SEENcoh)
cinco mil (5,000)
10 five thousand (5,000)
(SEENcoh meel)
cinco mil cuatrocientos setenta y uno (5,471)
11 five thousand four hundred seventy-one (5,471)
(SEENcoh meel kwahtrohSYEHNtohs sehTEHNtah
ee OOnoh)
seis mil cuarenta y ocho (6,048)
12 six thousand forty-eight (6,048)
(seys meel kwahREHNtah ee OHchoh)
siete mil (7,000)
13 seven thousand (7,000)
(SYEHteh meel)
ocho mil tres (8,003)
14 eight thousand three (8,003)
(OHchoh meel trehs)
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English
Spanish
nueve mil quinientos trece (9,513)
15 nine thousand five hundred thirteen (9,513)
(NWEHbeh meel keenYEHNtohs TREHseh)
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CHAPTER 8: GETTING HELP
OBTENIENDO AYUDA
Journey 1 Chapter 8: Getting Help
Accept / Decline Help
Ask / Tell What Trouble One Is In
Ask for / Offer Help
Gain Knowledge of Emergency Services in Latin America
Grammar Goals
Form Subordinate Clauses Using Que
Form the Past Tense
Learn the Present Progressive Tense
Practice More Reflexive Verbs
Use the Adjectives Algún and Ningún
Conversation
English
What´s wrong?
Spanish
¿Qué pasa?
(keh PAHsah)
No me siento bien. Creo que tengo fiebre alta.
I don't feel well. I think I have a high fever.
Does something hurt?
Yes. My head hurts.
Is there a hospital close by?
No. Do you want me to call a taxi?
Yes, please.
(noh meh SYEHNtoh byehn KREHoh keh TEHNgoh
FYEHbreh AHLtah)
¿Le duele algo?
(leh DWEHleh AHLgoh)
Si. Me duele la cabeza.
(see meh DWEHleh lah kahBEHsah)
¿Hay un hospital cerca?
(ay oon ohspeeTAHL SEHRkah)
No. ¿Quiere que llame a un taxi?
(noh KYEHreh keh YAHmeh ah oon TAHksee)
Sí, por favor.
(see pohr fahBOHR)
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What's wrong?
¿Qué pasa?
English
1
What's wrong?
¿Qué pasa?
(What happens?)
(keh PAHsah)
2
to happen
3
it happens
4
Spanish
pasar
(pahSAHR)
pasa
(PAHsah)
Is something wrong?
¿Pasa algo?
(Something happen?)
(PAHsah AHLgoh)
nada
5
nothing
6
The word nada means "nothing" and it can often mean "anything" as well.
7
Nothing is wrong. I'm fine.
(NAHdthah)
No pasa nada. Estoy bien.
(noh PAHsah NAHdthah ehsTOY byehn)
Did you notice that in Spanish you can negate a sentence twice? That's because in Spanish double
negatives are very common, so you will frequently hear people saying No pasa nada (Nothing
8
happens), No tengo nada (I have nothing), No quiero nada (I want nothing). This generally
happens when nada is right after the verb so, you first negate the verb and then add the word
nada.
9
pasó
happened
(pahSOH)
¿Cómo pasó?
10 How did it happen?
(KOHmoh pahSOH)
¿Está bien? ¿Qué pasó?
11 Are you okay? What happened?
(ehsTAH byehn keh pahSOH)
pasando
12 happening
(pahSAHNdoh)
Creating the -ing form in Spanish generally follows a regular pattern. For verbs that end in -ar you
simply drop the last -r of the verb and add -ndo. For verbs that end in -er or -ir you drop this ending
13 and add -iendo. So, pasar becomes pasando, comer changes to comiendo, and subir
becomes subiendo etc.
¿Qué está pasando?
14 What's happening?
(keh ehsTAH pahSAHNdoh)
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English
Spanish
contigo
15 with you
(kohnTEEgoh)
¿Qué pasa contigo?
16 What's wrong with you?
17
18
(keh PAHsah kohnTEEgoh)
What happened to you?
¿Qué pasó contigo?
(What happened with you?)
(keh pahSOH kohnTEEgoh)
¿Qué pasa contigo? and ¿Qué pasó contigo? can also be used interchangeably to mean
"What's wrong with you?"
conmigo
19 with me
20
(kohnMEEgoh)
What's going on with me?
¿Qué está pasando conmigo?
(What's happening with me?)
(keh ehsTAH pahSAHNdoh kohnMEEgoh)
caer
21 to fall
(kahEHR)
caerse
22 to fall oneself
(kahEHRseh)
me caí
23 I fell
(meh kahYEE)
24 Did you notice that you need to use me before the verb caí?
Me caí. Pero no pasó nada, estoy bien.
25 I fell. But nothing happened. I'm fine.
(meh kahEE PEHroh noh pahSOH NAHdthah
ehsTOY byehn)
In Latin America, emergency telephone numbers are usually a three-digit number that may differ
from country to country. In Mexico, depending on where you are you will dial 066, 060 or 080 for
26
emergency services. And, the emergency numbers in Guatemala are 110, 120 and 123. So, be sure
to look for the number before entering a country and to have it on hand, just in case.
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I don't feel well.
No me siento bien.
English
1
Spanish
I don't feel well.
No me siento bien.
(I myself don't feel well.)
(noh meh SYEHNtoh byehn)
sentirse
2
to feel oneself
3
Did you notice that sentirse is another reflexive verb? Remember that reflexive verbs mean the
action of the subject is being carried out on the subject itself. You must always include the pronoun
with reflexive verbs. So, he feels is Él se siente.
4
(sehnTEERseh)
(I) feel
me siento
((I) myself feel)
(meh SYEHNtoh)
5
well
6
I feel well.
bien
(byehn)
Me siento bien.
(meh SYEHNtoh byehn)
Me siento bien. No estoy cansado.
7
I feel well. I'm not tired.
8
dizzy
9
I feel dizzy!
10
(meh SYEHNtoh byehn noh ehsTOY
kahnSAHdthoh)
mareado
(mahrehAHdthoh)
¡Me siento mareada!
(meh SYEHNtoh mahrehAHdthah)
(you) feel
se siente
((you) yourself feel)
(seh SYEHNteh)
¿Cómo se siente?
11 How do you feel?
(KOHmoh seh SYEHNteh)
¿Se siente bien?
12 Do you feel okay?
(seh SYEHNteh byehn)
mal
13 bad
(mahl)
Me siento mal.
14 I feel bad.
(meh SYEHNtoh mahl)
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I believe that I have a high fever.
Creo que tengo fiebre alta.
English
Spanish
1
2
to believe
3
(I) believe
4
I believe that I have...
5
fever
6
I have a fever.
7
high
8
Just a heads up, fiebre is a feminine noun.
9
I have a high fever.
(KREHoh keh TEHNgoh FYEHbreh AHLtah)
creer
(krehEHR)
creo
(KREHoh)
Creo que tengo...
(KREHoh keh TEHNgoh)
fiebre
(FYEHbreh)
Tengo fiebre.
(TEHNgoh FYEHbreh)
alto
(AHLtoh)
Tengo fiebre alta.
(TEHNgoh FYEHbreh AHLtah)
dolor
10 pain
(dohLOHR)
dolor de estómago
11 stomachache
(dohLOHR deh ehsTOHmahgoh)
él tiene
12 he has
(ehl TYEHneh)
Creo que tiene dolor de estómago.
13 I believe that he has a stomachache.
(KREHoh keh TYEHneh dohLOHR deh
ehsTOHmahgoh)
cabeza
14 head
(kahBEHsah)
dolor de cabeza
15 headache
(dohLOHR deh kahBEHsah)
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English
Spanish
No tengo dolor de cabeza. Estoy bien ahora.
16 I don't have a headache. I'm okay now.
(noh TEHNgoh dohLOHR deh kahBEHsah ehsTOY
byehn ahOHrah)
desmayarse
17 to faint
(dehsmahYAHRseh)
Me desmayo.
18 I faint.
(meh dehsMAHyoh)
¡Auxilio!
19 Help!
(ahwksEElyoh)
va a
20 (he) is going to
21
(bah ah)
Heads up! Desamayarse is not the main verb in this next sentence. This means we will not
change its ending.
¡Auxilio! ¡Creo que va a desmayarse!
22 Help! I believe he is going to faint!
(ahwksEElyoh KREHoh keh bah ah
dehsmahYAHRseh)
Traveling may be an extremely interesting and joyful experience but, did you know that the chances
of contracting illnesses increase when traveling? Therefore, you should be prepared for such risks
23 and seek appropriate advice before leaving your country. Ask your doctor for medicines you may
need to take with you and whether there is a particular tablet or shot you are required to take before
entering the country.
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My head hurts.
Me duele la cabeza.
English
1
Spanish
My head hurts.
Me duele la cabeza.
(The head hurts me. )
(meh DWEHleh lah kahBEHsah)
doler
2
to hurt
3
it hurts me
4
Did you notice that in Spanish we don't use the possessive to refer to the part of the body that
hurts? In English you say "My head hurts", but in Spanish you say ¡Me duele la cabeza! (not ¡Me
(dohLEHR)
me duele
(meh DWEHleh)
duele mi cabeza!).
5
stomach
6
I don't feel well. My stomach hurts.
7
it hurts you
8
What hurts?
9
back
estómago
(ehsTOHmahgoh)
No me siento bien. Me duele el estómago.
(noh meh SYEHNtoh byehn meh DWEHleh ehl
ehsTOHmahgoh)
le duele
(leh DWEHleh)
¿Qué le duele?
(keh leh DWEHleh)
espalda
(eehsPAHLdah)
¡Me duele la espalda!
10 My back hurts!
(meh DWEHleh lah ehsPAHLdah )
¿Dónde le duele?
11 Where does it hurt?
(DOHNdeh leh DWEHleh)
ya no
12 not anymore
13
(yah noh)
In Spanish, the structure ya no always goes at the beginning of the sentence. Remember this rule
for the next line!
Ya no me duele la cabeza. ¡Ahora me duele la
14
My head doesn't hurt anymore. Now, my back
hurts!
espalda!
(yah noh meh DWEHleh lah kahBEHsah ahOHrah
meh DWEHleh lah ehsPAHLdah)
pierna
15 leg
(PYEHRnah)
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English
Spanish
¿Le duele la pierna?
16 Does your leg hurt?
(leh DWEHleh lah PYEHRnah)
No. Ya no me duele la pierna.
17 No. My leg doesn't hurt anymore.
(noh yah noh meh DWEHleh lah PYEHRnah)
te duele
18 it hurts you
(teh DWEHleh)
¿Te duele el estómago?
19 Does your stomach hurt?
(teh DWEHleh ehl ehsTOHmahgoh)
No. Ya no.
20 No. Not anymore.
(noh yah noh)
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Do you want me to call a doctor?
¿Quiere que llame a un doctor?
English
1
(Do you want that I call to a doctor?)
(KYEHreh keh YAHmeh ah oon dohkTOHR)
2
to call
3
(I) call
4
Spanish
llamar
(yahmAHr)
llamo
(YAHmoh)
Do you want me to call?
¿Quiere que llame?
(You want that I call?)
(KYEHreh keh YAHmeh)
5
You might have said *¿Quiere que llamo? or *¿Quiere que llamar? However in Spanish, we
use the subjunctive form of the verb when we want to convey Wishes, Impersonal Expressions,
Emotions, Requests, Doubts/ Desires, Opinions, Negative Commands, Uncertainty, or
Tentativeness. (You can remember these with the acronym "WEIRDO NUT.") In Spanish, this
generally means that if the verb ends in -ar you drop this ending and add an -e. And, if the verb
ends in -er or -ir, you will drop this and add an -a. So, the subjunctive form of llamar is llame.
6
doctor
7
Call! [impertive]
8
Call a doctor!
9
emergency
doctor
(dohkTOHR)
¡Llame!
(YAHmeh )
¡Llame a un doctor!
(YAHmeh ah oon dohkTOHR)
emergencia
(ehmehrHEHNseeah)
Es una emergencia. ¡Llame a un doctor!
10 It is an emergency. Call a doctor!
(ehs OOnah ehmehrHEHNsyah YAHmeh ah oon
dohkTOHR)
policía
11 police
(pohleeSEEah)
¿Quiere que llame a la policía?
12 Do you want me to call the police?
13
(KYEHreh keh YAHmeh ah lah pohleeSEEah)
For this next slide remember that when you give a negative command, you need to drop the -r and
change the last vowel accordingly to form the subjunctive form of the verb.
No llame a la policía. No es una emergencia.
14 Don't call the police. It is not an emergency.
(noh YAHmeh ah lah pohleeSEEah noh ehs OOnah
ehmehrHEHNsyah)
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English
Spanish
robar
15 to steal
(rrohBAHR)
roban
16 (they) steal
(RROHbahn)
robaron
17 (they) stole
18
(rrohBAHrohn)
I was robbed!
¡Me robaron!
(They stole from me!)
(meh rrohBAHrohn)
pasaporte
19 passport
(pahsahPOHRteh)
Me robaron mi pasaporte. ¡Llame a la policía!
20 They stole my passport. Call the police!
(meh rrohBAHrohn mee pahsahPOHRteh YAHmeh
ah lah pohleeSEEah)
South America is a fascinating continent with plenty of gorgeous places to visit and friendly people
to meet! But when visiting a country there, just like when you visit any other country in the world,
21 you need to take a few basic safety precautions. These include protecting your valuables by leaving
them at home, trying not to look like a tourist when you go out and being cautious when using ATMs.
In short, always rely on your common sense for your own safety and enjoy your travels, but be safe!
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I need an ambulance!
¡Necesito una ambulancia!
English
1
2
to need
3
(I) need
4
I don't need
5
ambulance
6
an ambulance
7
(you) need
8
What do you need?
9
(you) need
Spanish
(nehsehSEEtoh OOnah ahmbooLAHNsyah)
necesitar
(nehsehseeTAHR)
necesito
(nehsehSEEtoh)
no necesito
(noh nehsehSEEtoh)
ambulancia
(ahmbooLAHNsyah)
una ambulancia
(OOnah ahmbooLAHNsyah)
necesita
(nehsehSEEtah)
¿Qué necesita?
(keh nehsehSEEtah)
necesitas
(nehsehSEEtahs)
medicina
10 medicine
(mehdtheeSEEnah)
¿Necesitas tomar tu medicina?
11 Do you need to take your medicine?
(nehsehSEEtahs tohMAHR too mehdtheeSEEnah)
necesita
12 (he / she) needs
(nehsehSEEtah)
¿Está bien? ¿Qué necesita?
13 Is he ok? What does he need?
(ehsTAH byehn keh nehsehSEEtah)
sentarse
14 to seat oneself
(sehnTAHRseh)
Mi esposo está mareado. Necesita sentarse.
15 My husband is dizzy. He needs to sit down.
(mee ehsPOHsoh ehsTAH mahrehAHdthoh
nehsehSEEtah sehnTAHRseh)
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English
Spanish
Did you know that altitude sickness is a common illness for those going to altitudes over 2,438 m?
Well, be aware the highest point in Argentina is 6,960 m! Chile reaches as high as 6,880m! And,
16 Peru's highest point is 6,768 m! So, if you are planning to visit countries such as Perú, Chile or
Argentina you should consult your doctor before as there are some treatments for altitude sickness
that can be prescribed.
algún
17 any
(ahlGOON)
Me siento mareada. ¿Hay algún doctor aquí?
18 I feel dizzy. Are there any doctors here?
(meh SYEHNtoh mahrehAHdthah ay ahlGOON
dohkTOHR ahKEE)
ayuda
19 help
(ahYOOdthah)
¿Necesita ayuda?
20 Do you need help?
(nehsehSEEtah ahYOOdthah)
Sí. ¡Necesito que llame a una ambulancia!
21 Yes. I need you to call an ambulance!
(see nehsehSEEtoh keh YAHmeh ah OOnah
ahmbooLAHNsyah)
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English
Spanish
1
2
hospital
3
Did you remember the "h" is always silent in Spanish?
4
a hospital
5
any hospital close
6
clinic
7
any clinic
8
I feel bad. Are there any clinics close by?
9
Most people that travel to Latin America do not need medical attention. But accidents may happen
anywhere! So, take into account that if you are in a remote or rural area and are in need of a doctor,
you may want to travel to a bigger town or city where modern facilities will be available.
hospital
(ohspeeTAHL)
un hospital
(oon ohspeeTAHL)
un hospital cerca
(oon ohspeeTAHL SEHRkah)
clínica
(KLEEneekah)
alguna clínica
(ahlGOOnah KLEEneekah)
Me siento mal. ¿Hay alguna clínica cerca?
(meh SYEHNtoh mahl ay ahlGOOnah KLEEneekah
SEHRkah)
¿Hay algún doctor aquí?
10 Are there any doctors here?
(ay ahlGOON dohkTOHR ahKEE)
ninguno
11 none
12
13
(neenGOOnoh)
No. There aren't any.
No. No hay ninguno.
(No. There aren't none.)
(noh noh ay neenGOOnoh)
Recall how Spanish allows for the use of double negatives. This is why we say, "There aren't none,"
instead of, "There aren't any."
No hay ninguna clínica cerca.
14 There aren't any clinics close by.
15
(noh ay neenGOOnah KLEEneekah SEHRkah)
There aren't any doctors. Should I call an
ambulance?
No hay ningún doctor. ¿Llamo a la ambulancia?
(noh ay neenGOON dohkTOHR YAHmoh ah lah
ahmbooLAHNsyah)
(There aren't none doctor. I call to the
ambulance?)
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English
Spanish
Did you say *ninguno doctor? Very close! However, remember what you learned about how
16 adjectives drop the final -o when they precede a masculine noun. Therefore, if we were referring to a
female doctor we would say, ninguna doctora.
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CHAPTER 9: W HAT DOES IT MEAN?
¿QUÉ SIGNIFICA?
Journey 1 Chapter 9: What Does it Mean?
Ask / Answer What a Word or Phrase Means
Ask / Answer What a Written Word or Phrase Says
Communicate One's Ability to Understand Something
Express Gratitude for a Past Deed
Request to Repeat, Slow Down, or Speak Up
Grammar Goals
Form Comparatives
Practice More Demonstrative Pronouns
Practice More Verbs in the Past Tense
Recognize Impersonal Pronoun Clitics
Conversation
English
Excuse me, what does this sign say?
It says "Do not enter."
Spanish
Disculpe, ¿qué dice este letrero?
(deesKOOLpeh keh DEEseh EHSteh lehTREHroh)
Dice "No pasar".
(DEEseh noh pahSAHR)
No entiendo. ¿Puede repetirlo, por favor?
I don't understand. Can you repeat it, please?
Well, thank you for your help.
You are welcome.
(noh ehnTYEHNdoh PWEHdtheh rrehpehTEERloh
pohr fahBOHR)
Dice "No Pasar".
Bueno, gracias por su ayuda.
(BWEHnoh GRAHsyahs pohr soo ahYOOdthah)
De nada.
(deh NAHdthah)
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I don't understand.
No entiendo.
English
Spanish
No entiendo.
1
I don't understand.
2
to understand
3
(I) understand
4
Entender (to understand) is an irregular verb like costar (to cost) and decir (to say). Be careful
with these verbs because their conjugations do not follow the same pattern regular verbs do.
5
Can you speak...?
6
slow
7
(noh ehnTYEHNdoh)
entender
(ehntehnDEHR)
entiendo
(ehnTYEHNdoh)
¿Puede hablar...?
(PWEHdtheh ahBLAHR)
despacio
(dehsPAHseeoh)
slower
más despacio
(more slow)
(mahs dehsPAHseeoh)
No entiendo. ¿Puede hablar más despacio?
8
9
I don't understand. Can you speak slower?
(noh ehnTYEHNdoh PWEHdtheh ahBLAHR mahs
dehsPAHseeoh)
louder
más alto
(more high)
(mahs AHLtoh)
Más alto, por favor. No entiendo.
10 Louder, please. I don't understand.
(mahs AHLtoh pohr fahBOHR noh ehnTYEHNdoh)
As you can see, it is easy to use comparatives in Spanish! Generally speaking, in Spanish, you only
11 have to add the word más (more) to the adjective, for example: más alto (louder), más despacio
(slower).
letra
12 handwriting
(LEHtrah)
¡No entiendo la letra!
13 I don't understand the handwriting!
(noh ehnTYEHNdoh lah LEHtrah)
palabra
14 word
(pahLAHbrah)
No entiendo esta palabra.
15 I don't understand this word.
(noh ehnTYEHNdoh EHStah pahLAHbrah)
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English
Spanish
16 Did you notice that este became esta in order to agree with the gender of palabra?
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The sign says "Emergency Exit."
El letrero dice "Salida de Emergencia".
English
Spanish
1
2
to say
3
(it) says
4
sign
5
the sign says
6
Emergency Exit
7
danger
8
to pass
9
(ehl lehTREHroh DEEseh sahLEEdthah deh
ehmehrHEHNseeah)
decir
(dehSEER)
dice
(DEEseh)
letrero
(lehTREHroh)
el letrero dice
(ehl lehTREHroh DEEseh)
Salida de Emergencia
(sahLEEdthah deh ehmehrHEHNsyah)
peligro
(pehLEEgroh)
pasar
(pahSAHR)
Do not enter.
No pasar.
(Do not pass.)
(noh pahSAHR)
El letrero dice "Peligro. No pasar".
10 The sign says "Danger. Do not enter."
(ehl lehTREHroh DEEseh pehLEEgroh noh
pahSAHR)
dijo
11 (you) said
(DEEhoh)
entendí
12 (I) understood
(ehntehnDEE)
No entendí. ¿Qué dijo?
13 I didn't understand. What did you say?
(noh ehntehnDEE keh DEEhoh)
No entiendo italiano. ¿Qué dijo?
14 I don't understand Italian. What did he say?
(noh ehnTYEHNdoh eetahLYAHnoh keh DEEhoh)
15 Did you remember that you use the same form of the verb for he/ she/ it and you (formal)?
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Can you repeat it?
¿Puede repetirlo?
English
1
Can you repeat it?
2
to repeat
3
repeat it
4
to hear
5
(I) heard
6
I didn't hear well. Can you repeat it, please?
7
noise
8
There's a lot of noise here. Can you repeat it?
9
I didn't understand that. Can you repeat it?
Spanish
¿Puede repetirlo?
(PWEHdtheh rrehpehTEERloh)
repetir
(rrehpehTEER)
repetirlo
(rrehpehTEERloh)
escuchar
(ehskooCHAHR)
escuché
(ehskooCHEH)
No escuché bien. ¿Puede repetirlo, por favor?
(noh ehskooCHEH byehn PWEHdtheh
rrehpehTEERloh pohr fahBOHR)
ruido
(RWEEdthoh)
Hay mucho ruido aquí. ¿Puede repetirlo?
(ay MOOchoh RWEEdthoh ahKEE PWEHdtheh
rrehpehTEERloh)
No entendí eso. ¿Puede repetirlo?
(noh ehntehnDEE EHsoh PWEHdtheh
rrehpehTEERloh)
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What does it mean?
¿Qué significa?
English
1
What does it mean?
2
to mean
3
(it) means
4
What does this mean?
5
This means that you can't enter.
6
What does this word mean?
7
Does this word mean danger?
8
cell phone
Spanish
¿Qué significa?
(keh seegneeFEEkah)
significar
(seegneefeeKAHR)
significa
(seegneeFEEkah)
¿Qué significa esto?
(keh seegneeFEEkah EHStoh)
Esto significa que no puede pasar.
(EHStoh seegneeFEEkah keh noh PWEHdtheh
pahSAHR)
¿Qué significa esta palabra?
(keh seegneeFEEkah EHStah pahLAHbrah)
¿Esta palabra significa peligro?
(EHStah pahLAHbrah seegneeFEEkah
pehLEEgroh)
teléfono celular
(tehLEHfohnoh sehlooLAHR)
¿Eso significa que no puedo usar mi teléfono
9
Does that mean that I can't use my cell phone?
celular?
(EHsoh seegneeFEEkah keh noh PWEHdthoh
ooSAHR mee tehLEHfohnoh sehlooLAHR)
10 In Latin America, you will hear people say celular, which is the short form of teléfono celular.
No significa nada.
11 It means nothing.
(noh seegneeFEEkah NAHdthah)
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Thank you for explaining this to me.
Gracias por explicarme esto.
English
1
2
to explain
3
to explain to me
4
5
Spanish
(GRAHsyahs pohr ehkspleeKAHRmeh EHStoh)
explicar
(ehkspleeKAHR)
explicarme
(ehkspleeKAHRmeh)
explaining this to me
explicarme esto
(to explain this to me)
(ehkspleeKAHRmeh EHStoh)
por
for
(pohr)
You probably recall that for is also para. Both por and para mean "for." Para is usually used to
6
indicate an end point, goal or target. For example, Este es para usted. Por usually indicates an
intermediate point of time. For example, por dos horas. Or, when used to indicate exchange, as
in, "thank you for..."
gracias por
7
thank you for
8
Thank you for explaining this word to me.
9
explanation
(GRAHsyahs pohr)
Gracias por explicarme esta palabra.
(GRAHsyahs pohr ehkspleeKAHRmeh EHStah
pahLAHbrah)
explicación
(ehkspleekahSYOHN)
Gracias por la explicación.
10 Thank you for the explanation.
(GRAHsyahs pohr lah ehkspleekahSYOHN)
tiempo
11 time
(TYEHMpoh)
su tiempo
12 your time
(soo TYEHMpoh)
¡Ahora entendí! Gracias por su tiempo.
13 I understood now! Thank you for your time.
(ahOHrah ehntehnDEE GRAHsyahs pohr soo
TYEHMpoh )
entendemos
14 we understand
(ehntehnDEHmohs)
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English
Spanish
Sí, entendemos. Gracias por su ayuda.
15 Yes, we understand. Thanks for your help.
(see ehntehnDEHmohs GRAHsyahs pohr soo
ahYOOdthah)
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CHAPTER 10: HOW DO YOU P RONOUNCE IT?
¿CÓMO SE P RONUNCIA?
Journey 1 Chapter 10: How Do You Pronounce it?
Ask / Tell How One's Performance Is
Ask / Tell What Something Is
Give / Respond to a Compliment
Request / Agree to Speak in Spanish
Tell Someone that You Are Learning Something
Grammar Goals
Practice Impersonal Pronoun Clitics
Practice the Present Progressive Tense
Use the Verb Deber to Talk About Obligations
Use Si to Talk About Conditions
Conversation
English
Spanish
Disculpe, ¿cómo se pronuncia esta palabra?
Excuse me. How is this word pronounced?
"Estacionamiento."
"Estacionamiento." Is that ok?
(deesKOOLpeh KOHmoh seh prohNOONsyah EHStah
pahLAHbrah)
"Estacionamiento".
(ehstahsyohnahMYEHNtoh)
"Estacionamiento" ¿Está bien?
(ehstahsyohnahMYEHNtoh ehsTAH byehn)
Perfecto. ¡Usted es bueno con el español!
Perfect. You are good at Spanish!
Oh, no. I'm learning it.
(pehrFEHKtoh oosTEHDTH ehs BWEHnoh kohn ehl
ehspahNYOHL)
Oh, no. Estoy aprendiéndolo.
(oh noh ehsTOY ahprehnDYEHNdohloh)
Usted debe ser un buen alumno entonces.
You must be a good student then.
(oosTEHDTH DEHbeh sehr oon bwehn ahLOOMnoh
ehnTOHNsehs)
Bueno, estudio un poco cada día.
Well, I study a bit each day.
(BWEHnoh ehsTOOdthyoh oon POHkoh KAHdthah
DEEah)
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I'm learning Spanish.
Estoy aprendiendo español.
English
Spanish
1
2
to learn
3
learning
4
I'm learning
5
(you) are learning
6
Are you learning Italian?
7
learning it
8
Yes, I'm learning it.
9
I'm not learning Italian.
10
Do you remember the pattern we used to change bajar (to get off) to bajamos (we get off)? Keep
this in mind for the next slide.
(ehsTOY ahprehnDYEHNdoh ehspahNYOHL)
aprender
(ahprehnDEHR)
aprendiendo
(ahprehnDYEHNdoh )
estoy aprendiendo
(ehsTOY ahprehnDYEHNdoh)
está aprendiendo
(ehsTAH ahprehnDYEHNdoh)
¿Está aprendiendo italiano?
(ehsTAH ahprehnDYEHNdoh eetahLYAHnoh )
aprendiéndolo
(ahprehnDYEHNdohloh)
Sí, estoy aprendiéndolo.
(see ehsTOY ahprehnDYEHNdohloh)
No estoy aprendiendo italiano.
(noh ehsTOY ahprehnDYEHNdoh eetahLYAHnoh)
podemos
11 (we) can
(pohDTHEHmohs)
Estoy aprendiendo español. ¿Podemos hablar en
12 I'm learning Spanish. Can we speak in Spanish?
español?
(ehsTOY ahprehnDYEHNdoh ehspahNYOHL
pohDTHEHmohs ahBLAHR ehn ehspahNYOHL)
si
13 if
(see)
Si quiere.
14 If you want.
(see KYEHreh)
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English
Spanish
Did you notice that this si does not have the accent? In Spanish, you add the accent to this word
when you use it to say an affirmative sentence, for example: Sí, quiero hablar español (Yes, I
15 want to speak Spanish). You will use si without the accent when it represents a condition, for
example: Podemos hablar español si quieres (We can speak Spanish if you want). So,
generally speaking, when in English you say "yes" you have to use the accent and when you say "if"
you don't use it.
¡Claro! Podemos hablar en español si quiere.
16 Sure! We can speak in Spanish if you want.
17
(KLAHroh pohDTHEHmohs ahBLAHR ehn
ehspahNYOHL see KYEHreh)
Did you know that Spanish is the second most spoken language in the world in terms of the amount
of people who speak it as their first language?
juntos
18 together
(HOONtohs)
si quieres
19 if (you) want
(see KYEHrehs)
Si quieres podemos aprender juntos.
20 If you want, we can learn together.
(see KYEHrehs pohDTHEHmohs ahprehnDEHR
HOONtohs)
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How is this word pronounced?
¿Cómo se pronuncia esta palabra?
English
Spanish
1
2
to pronounce
3
it is pronounced
4
How is it pronounced?
5
this word
6
(I) pronounce
7
How do I pronounce this word?
8
I'm pronouncing
9
correctly
(KOHmoh seh prohNOONsyah EHStah
pahLAHbrah)
pronunciar
(prohnoonSYAHR)
se pronuncia
(seh prohNOONsyah)
¿Cómo se pronuncia?
(KOHmoh seh prohNOONsyah)
esta palabra
(EHStah pahLAHbrah)
pronuncio
(prohNOONsyoh)
¿Cómo pronuncio esta palabra?
(KOHmoh prohNOONsyoh EHStah pahLAHbrah)
estoy pronunciando
(ehsTOY prohnoonSYAHNdoh)
correctamente
(kohrrehktahMEHNteh)
¿Estoy pronunciando esta palabra
correctamente?
10 Am I pronouncing this word correctly?
11
(ehsTOY prohnoonSYAHNdoh EHStah pahLAHbrah
kohrrehktahMEHNteh)
Did you know Spanish is one of the world's most phonetic languages? This means that if you know
how to spell a word, you can almost always know how to pronounce it.
pronunciándolo
12 pronouncing it
(prohnoonSYANdohloh)
No está pronunciándolo bien.
13 You are not pronouncing it well.
(noh ehsTAH prohnoonSYANdohloh byehn)
¿Está aprendiendo a hablar español?
14 Are you learning to speak Spanish?
(ehsTAH ahprehnDYEHNdoh ah ahBLAHR
ehspahNYOHL)
Sí. ¿Estoy pronunciándolo correctamente?
15 Yes. Am I pronouncing it correctly?
(see ehsTOY prohnoonSYANdohloh
kohrrehktahMEHNteh)
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Your pronunciation is perfect!
¡Su pronunciación es perfecta!
English
1
2
pronunciation
3
your pronunciation
4
perfect
5
perfect pronunciation
6
Spanish
(soo prohnoonsyahSYOHN ehs pehrFEHKtah)
pronunciación
(prohnoonsyahSYOHN)
su pronunciación
(soo prohnoonsyahSYOHN)
perfecto
(pehrFEHKtoh)
pronunciación perfecta
(prohnoonsyahSYOHN pehrFEHKtah)
Did you notice that perfecto changed to the feminine form perfecta? By now you know that this
is because pronunciación is a feminine noun.
7
It is perfect!
8
excellent
9
your
¡Está perfecto!
(ehsTAH pehrFEHKtoh)
excelente
(ehksehLEHNteh)
tu
(too)
¡Tu pronunciación es excelente!
10 Your pronunciation is excellent!
(too prohnoonsyahSYOHN ehs ehksehLEHNteh)
trabajo
11 job
(trahBAHhoh)
¡Excelente trabajo!
12 Excellent job!
(ehksehLEHNteh trahBAHhoh)
¡Bien hecho!
13 Well done!
(byehn EHchoh)
¡Excelente trabajo! Bien hecho.
14 Excellent job! Well done.
(ehksehLEHNteh trahBAHhoh byehn EHchoh)
¡Muy bien!
15 Very good!
(mwee byehn)
MangoLanguages.com
99
English
Spanish
¡Muy bien hecho!
16 Very well done!
(mwee byehn EHchoh)
¡Muchas gracias!
17 Thanks a lot!
MangoLanguages.com
100
I study a little bit every day.
Estudio un poco cada día.
English
1
2
to study
3
(I) study
4
I study a little bit.
5
every
6
every day
7
Are you recognizing a pattern?
8
(you) study
9
Do you study Spanish?
Spanish
(ehsTOOdthyoh oon POHkoh KAHdthah DEEah)
estudiar
(ehstooDTHYAHR)
estudio
(ehsTOOdthyoh)
Estudio un poco.
(ehsTOOdthyoh oon POHkoh)
cada
(KAHdthah)
cada día
(KAHdthah DEEah)
estudias
(ehsTOOdthyahs)
¿Estudias español?
(ehsTOOdthyahs ehspahNYOHL)
¿Estudias mucho?
10 Do you study a lot?
(ehsTOOdthyahs MOOchoh)
No. Sólo un poco cada día.
11 No. Only a little bit every day.
(noh SOHloh oon POHkoh KAHdthah DEEah)
estudia
12 (you) study
(ehsTOOdthyah)
solo
13 alone
(SOHloh)
14 Sólo means "only." But, solo without the accent means "alone."
¿Estudia sola?
15 Do you study alone?
(ehsTOOdthyah SOHlah)
MangoLanguages.com
101
Debe ser un buen alumno entonces.
English
Spanish
1
2
must
3
(you) must
4
(you) must be
5
student
6
You must be a student.
7
a good student
8
then
9
Your Spanish is very good.
(DEHbeh sehr oon bwehn ahLOOMnoh
ehnTOHNsehs)
deber
(dehBEHR)
debe
(DEHbeh)
debe ser
(DEHbeh sehr)
alumno
(ahLOOMnoh)
Debe ser un alumno.
(DEHbeh sehr oon ahLOOMnoh)
un buen alumno
(oon bwehn ahLOOMnoh)
entonces
(ehnTOHNsehs)
Su español es muy bueno.
(soo ehspahNYOHL ehs mwee BWEHnoh)
practicar
10 practice
(prahkteeKAHR)
Debe practicar más.
11 You must practice more.
(DEHbeh prahkteeKAHR mahs)
debo
12 (I) must
(DEHboh)
Debo practicar más entonces.
13 I must practice more then.
(DEHboh prahkteeKAHR mahs ehnTOHNsehs)
¿Puedo hablar español con usted entonces?
14 Can I speak Spanish with you then?
(PWEHdthoh ahBLAHR ehspahNYOHL kohn
oosTEHDTH ehnTOHNsehs)
MangoLanguages.com
102
Vocabulary Review
English
(I) am
(I) am (for permanent states of being)
(I) believe
(I) call
(I) can
Spanish
estoy
(ehsTOY)
soy
(soy)
creo
(KREHoh)
llamo
(YAHmoh)
puedo
(PWEHdthoh)
(I) feel
me siento
((I) myself feel)
(meh SYEHNtoh)
(I) get off
(I) heard
(I) must
(I) need
(I) pronounce
(I) speak
(I) study
(I) understand
(I) understood
bajo
(BAHhoh)
escuché
(ehskooCHEH)
debo
(DEHboh)
necesito
(nehsehSEEtoh)
pronuncio
(prohNOONsyoh)
hablo
(AHbloh)
estudio
(ehsTOOdthyoh)
entiendo
(ehnTYEHNdoh)
entendí
(ehntehnDEE)
MangoLanguages.com
103
English
Spanish
quiero
(I) want
(KYEHroh)
necesita
(he / she) needs
(nehsehSEEtah)
cuesta
(it) costs
(KWEHStah)
significa
(it) means
(seegneeFEEkah)
dice
(it) says
(DEEseh)
(they) are (for permanent states of being)
son
(sohn)
hablan
(they) speak
(AHblahn)
roban
(they) steal
(RROHbahn)
robaron
(they) stole
(rrohBAHrohn)
estamos
(we) are
(ehsTAHmohs)
podemos
(we) can
(pohDTHEHmohs)
bajamos
(we) get off
(bahHAHmohs)
está
(you) are
(ehsTAH)
estás
(you) are
(ehsTAHS)
están
(you) are
(ehsTAHn)
eres
(EHrehs)
MangoLanguages.com
104
English
Spanish
(you) are going to
(you) could
es
(ehs)
va a
(bah ah)
podría
(pohDTHREEah)
(you) feel
se siente
((you) yourself feel)
(seh SYEHNteh)
(you) get off
(you) give me
(you) give me
(you) give us
(you) go
(you) have
(you) must
(you) need
(you) need
(you) said
(you) speak
(you) study
baja
(BAHhah)
me da
(meh dah)
me das
(meh dahs)
nos da
(nohs dah)
va
(bah)
tiene
(TYEHneh)
debe
(DEHbeh)
necesita
(nehsehSEEtah)
necesitas
(nehsehSEEtahs)
dijo
(DEEhoh)
habla
(AHblah)
estudias
(ehsTOOdthyahs)
MangoLanguages.com
105
English
(you) study
(you) want
(you) want
American
Call! [impertive]
Canada
Canadian
Emergency Exit
English
Enjoy!
Excuse me!
Excuse me!
French
French
German
Go. [imperative]
Spanish
estudia
(ehsTOOdthyah)
quieres
(KYEHrehs)
quiere
(KYEHreh)
estadounidense
(ehstahdthoh-ooneedthEHNseh)
¡Llame!
(YAHmeh )
Canadá
(kahnahDTHAH)
canadiense
(kahnahDTHYEHNse)
Salida de Emergencia
(sahLEEdthah deh ehmehrHEHNsyah)
inglés
(eenGLEHS)
¡Buen provecho!
(bwehn prohBEHchoh)
¡Disculpe!
(deesKOOLpeh)
¡Disculpa!
(deesKOOLpah)
francés
(frahnSEHS)
francés
(frahnSEHS)
alemán
(ahlehMAHN)
Vaya.
(BAHyah)
MangoLanguages.com
106
English
Good afternoon.
Good morning.
Good night.
Goodbye.
Hello.
Help!
I
I accept
I am going to
I call myself
I fell
I have
Spanish
Buenas tardes.
Buenos días.
(BWEHnohs DEEahs)
Buenas noches.
(BWEHnahs NOchehs)
Adiós.
(ahDTHYOHS)
Hola.
(OHlah)
¡Auxilio!
(ahwksEElyoh)
yo
(yoh)
acepto
(ahSEHPtoh)
voy a
(boy ah)
me llamo
(meh YAHmoh)
me caí
(meh kahYEE)
tengo
(TEHNgoh)
I was robbed!
¡Me robaron!
(They stole from me!)
(meh rrohBAHrohn)
I would like
I'm sorry.
Italian
me gustaría
(meh goostahrEEah )
Lo siento.
(loh SYEHNtoh)
italiano
(eetahLYAHnoh)
MangoLanguages.com
107
English
Likewise.
Mexican
Mexico
Spanish
Igualmente.
(eewahlMENteh)
mexicano
(MEHheekahnoh)
México
(MEHheekoh)
See you.
Nos vemos.
(We see each other.)
(nohs BEHmohs)
Spanish
Sure.
Thank you.
Turn. [imperative]
Turn. [imperative]
Very good!
Well done!
You're welcome.
a day
a little bit
a lot
español
(ehspahNYOHL)
Claro.
(KLAHroh)
¡Muchas gracias!
Gracias.
(GRAHsyahs)
Doble.
(DOHbleh)
Dobla.
(DOHblah)
¡Muy bien!
(mwee byehn)
¡Bien hecho!
(byehn EHchoh)
De nada.
(deh NAHdthah)
un día
(oon DEEah)
un poco
(oon POHkoh)
mucho
(MOOchoh)
MangoLanguages.com
108
English
a pleasure
airport
alone
ambulance
and
any
avenue
back
bad
bathroom
bill
book
bored
bottle
bring me
brother
Spanish
un gusto
(oon GOOStoh)
aeropuerto
(ahehrohPWEHRtoh)
solo
(SOHloh)
ambulancia
(ahmbooLAHNsyah)
y
(ee)
algún
(ahlGOON)
avenida
(ahbehNEEdthah)
espalda
(eehsPAHLdah)
mal
(mahl)
baño
(BAHnyoh)
cuenta
(KWEHNtah)
libro
(LEEbroh)
aburrido
(ahbooRREEdthoh)
botella
(bohTEHyah)
tráigame
(TRAYgahmeh)
hermano
(ehrMAHnoh)
MangoLanguages.com
109
English
cash
cell phone
cents
change
chicken
chocolate
clinic
close
clothes
coffee
corner
correctly
credit card
danger
debit card
dessert
Spanish
efectivo
(ehfehkTEEboh)
teléfono celular
(tehLEHfohnoh sehlooLAHR)
centavos
(sehnTAHbohs)
cambio
(KAHMbyoh)
pollo
(POHyoh)
chocolate
(chohkohLAHteh)
clínica
(KLEEneekah)
cerca
(SEHRkah)
ropa
(RROHpah)
café
(kahFEH)
esquina
(ehsKEEnah)
correctamente
(kohrrehktahMEHNteh)
tarjeta de crédito
(tahrHEHtah deh KREHdtheetoh)
peligro
(pehLEEgroh)
tarjeta de débito
(tahrHEHtah deh DEHbeetoh)
postre
(POHStreh)
MangoLanguages.com
110
English
dizzy
doctor
dollar
eight (8)
eighty (80)
eleven (11)
embassy
emergency
evening
every
excellent
explanation
far
fever
fifteen (15)
fifty (50)
Spanish
mareado
(mahrehAHdthoh)
doctor
(dohkTOHR)
dólar
(DOHlahr)
ocho (8)
(OHchoh)
ochenta (80)
(ohCHEHNtah)
once (11)
(OHNseh)
embajada
(ehmbahHAHdthah)
emergencia
(ehmehrHEHNseeah)
tarde
(TAHRdtheh)
cada
(KAHdthah)
excelente
(ehksehLEHNteh)
explicación
(ehkspleekahSYOHN)
lejos
(LEHhohs)
fiebre
(FYEHbreh)
quince (15)
(KEENseh)
cincuenta (50)
(seenKWEHNtah)
MangoLanguages.com
111
English
fine
five (5)
five hundred (500)
following
for
for
forty (40)
four (4)
fourteen (14)
free
friends
from
from
give me [imperative]
glass
good
Spanish
bien
(byehn)
cinco (5)
(SEENkoh)
quinientos (500)
(keenYEHNtohs)
siguiente
(seeGYEHNteh)
para
(PAHrah)
por
(pohr)
cuarenta (40)
(kwahREHNtah)
cuatro (4)
(KWAHtroh)
catorce (14)
(kahTOHRseh)
libre
(LEEbreh)
amigos
(ahMEEgohs)
desde
(DEHSdtheh)
de
(deh)
deme
(DEHmeh)
vaso
(BAHsoh)
bueno
(BWEHnoh)
MangoLanguages.com
112
English
handwriting
happened
happening
have [imperative]
he
head
help
here
high
hospital
hotel
hotel
how
how many
how many [feminine]
how much
Spanish
letra
(LEHtrah)
pasó
(pahSOH)
pasando
(pahSAHNdoh)
tenga
(TEHNgah)
él
(ehl)
cabeza
(kahBEHsah)
ayuda
(ahYOOdthah)
aquí
(ahKEE)
alto
(AHLtoh)
hospital
(ohspeeTAHL)
hotel
(hohTEHL)
hotel
(hohTEHL)
cómo
(KOHmoh)
cuántos
(KWAHNtohs )
cuántas
(KWAHNtahs )
cuánto
(KWAHNtoh)
MangoLanguages.com
113
English
husband
if
is accepted
it happens
it hurts me
it hurts you
it hurts you
it is pronounced
job
keys
kilometer
later
learning
learning it
left
leg
Spanish
esposo
(ehsPOHsoh)
si
(see)
se acepta
(seh ahSEHPtah)
pasa
(PAHsah)
me duele
(meh DWEHleh)
le duele
(leh DWEHleh)
te duele
(teh DWEHleh)
se pronuncia
(seh prohNOONsyah)
trabajo
(trahBAHhoh)
llaves
(YAHbehs)
kilómetro
(keeLOHmehtroh)
luego
(LWEHgoh)
aprendiendo
(ahprehnDYEHNdoh )
aprendiéndolo
(ahprehnDYEHNdohloh)
izquierda
(eesKYEHRdthah)
pierna
(PYEHRnah)
MangoLanguages.com
114
English
lost
map
maps
meat
medicine
menu
money
more
mushrooms
must
my
my [plural]
next
nine (9)
ninety (90)
no
Spanish
perdido
(pehrDTHEEdthoh)
mapa
(MAHpah)
mapas
(MAHpahs)
carne
(KAHRneh)
medicina
(mehdtheeSEEnah)
menú
(mehNOO)
dinero
(deeNEHroh)
más
(mahs)
hongos
(OHNgohs)
deber
(dehBEHR)
mi
(mee)
mis
(mees)
próxima
(PROHkseemah)
nueve (9)
(NWEHbeh)
noventa (90)
(nohBEHNtah)
no
(noh)
MangoLanguages.com
115
English
noise
none
not anymore
nothing
now
of
okay
on
one (1)
one hundred (100)
only
pain
passport
people
perfect
pesos
Spanish
ruido
(RWEEdthoh)
ninguno
(neenGOOnoh)
ya no
(yah noh)
nada
(NAHdthah)
ahora
(ahOHrah)
de
(deh)
bien
(byehn)
en
(ehn)
uno (1)
(OOnoh)
cien (100)
(syehn)
sólo
(SOHloh)
dolor
(dohLOHR)
pasaporte
(pahsahPOHRteh)
gente
(HEHNteh)
perfecto
(pehrFEHKtoh)
pesos
(PEHsohs)
MangoLanguages.com
116
English
please
police
postcard
practice
pronouncing it
pronunciation
ready
repeat it
restaurant
right
salt
sauce
seven (7)
seventy (70)
she
she calls herself
Spanish
por favor
(pohr fahBOHR)
policía
(pohleeSEEah)
postal
(pohsTAHL)
practicar
(prahkteeKAHR)
pronunciándolo
(prohnoonSYANdohloh)
pronunciación
(prohnoonsyahSYOHN)
listo
(LEEStoh)
repetirlo
(rrehpehTEERloh)
restaurante
(rrehstahwRAHNteh)
derecha
(dehREHchah)
sal
(sahl)
salsa
(SAHLsah)
siete (7)
(SYEHteh)
setenta (70)
(sehTEHNtah)
ella
(EHyah)
ella se llama
(EHyah seh YAHmah)
MangoLanguages.com
117
English
shoes
sign
sir
sister
six (6)
sixty (60)
slow
slow
soda
something
soon
station
stomach
stomachache
stop
store
Spanish
zapatos
(sahpAHtohs)
letrero
(lehTREHroh)
señor
(sehNYOHR)
hermana
(ehrMAHnah)
seis (6)
(seys)
sesenta (60)
(sehSEHNtah)
despacio
(dehsPAHseeoh)
despacio
(dehsPAHseeoh)
refresco
(rrehFREHSkoh)
algo
(AHLgoh)
pronto
(PROHNtoh)
estación
(ehstahSYOHN)
estómago
(ehsTOHmahgoh)
dolor de estómago
(dohLOHR deh ehsTOHmahgoh)
parada
(pahRAHdthah)
tienda
(TYEHNdah)
MangoLanguages.com
118
English
straight
street
student
sugar
table
taxi
tee shirt
ten (10)
that
that
the United States
the bus stop
the office of tourism
then
there
there is / there are
Spanish
derecho
(dehREHchoh)
calle
(KAHyeh)
alumno
(ahLOOMnoh)
azúcar
(ahSOOkahr)
mesa
(MEHsah)
taxi
(TAHksee)
camiseta
(kahmeeSEHtah)
diez (10)
(dyehs)
ese
(EHseh)
que
(keh)
los Estados Unidos
(lohs ehstAHdthohs oonEEdthohs)
la parada de autobús
(lah pahRAHdthah deh ahwtohBOOS)
la oficina de turismo
(lah ohfeeSEEnah deh tooREESmoh)
entonces
(ehnTOHNsehs)
allí
(ahYEE)
hay
(ay)
MangoLanguages.com
119
English
these
they
they
thirteen (13)
thirty (30)
this
those
thousand (1,000)
three (3)
tickets
time
tired
to
to accept
to be
to be (for permanent states of being)
Spanish
estos
(EHstohs)
ellas
(EHyahs)
ellos
(EHyohs)
trece (13)
(TREHseh)
treinta (30)
(TREYNtah)
este
(EHSteh)
esos
(EHsohs)
mil (1,000)
(meel)
tres (3)
(trehs)
boletos
(bohLEHtohs)
tiempo
(TYEHMpoh)
cansado
(kahnSAHdthoh)
a
(ah)
aceptar
(ahsehpTAHR)
estar
(ehsTAHR)
ser
(sehr)
MangoLanguages.com
120
English
to be able
to believe
to bring
to bring me
to bring us
to buy
to call
to call oneself
to cost
to drink
to eat
to explain
to explain to me
to faint
to fall
to fall oneself
Spanish
poder
(pohDTHEHR)
creer
(krehEHR)
traer
(trahEHR)
traerme
(trahEHRmeh)
traernos
(trahEHRnohs)
comprar
(kohmPRAHR)
llamar
(yahmAHr)
llamarse
(yahMAHRseh)
costar
(kohsTAHR)
tomar
(tohMAHR)
comer
(kohMEHR)
explicar
(ehkspleeKAHR)
explicarme
(ehkspleeKAHRmeh)
desmayarse
(dehsmahYAHRseh)
caer
(kahEHR)
caerse
(kahEHRseh)
MangoLanguages.com
121
English
to feel oneself
to find
to get off
to get on
to give
to give me
to go
to happen
to have
to have to
to hear
to hurt
to learn
to like
to mean
to meet
Spanish
sentirse
(sehnTEERseh)
encontrar
(ehnkohnTRAHR)
bajar
(bahHAHR)
subir
(sooBEER)
dar
(dahr)
darme
(DAHRmeh)
ir
(eer)
pasar
(pahSAHR)
tener
(tehNEHR)
tener que
(tehNEHR keh)
escuchar
(ehskooCHAHR)
doler
(dohLEHR)
aprender
(ahprehnDEHR)
gustar
(goosTAHR)
significar
(seegneefeeKAHR)
conocer
(kohnohSEHRloh)
MangoLanguages.com
122
English
to meet you
to meet you
to meet you
to need
to order
to pass
to pay
to pronounce
to repeat
to say
to seat oneself
to see
to speak
to steal
to study
to take
Spanish
conocerlo
(kohnohSEHRloh)
conocerte
(kohnohSEHRteh)
conocerla
(kohnohSEHRlah)
necesitar
(nehsehseeTAHR)
ordenar
(ohrdthehNAHR)
pasar
(pahSAHR)
pagar
(pahGAHR)
pronunciar
(prohnoonSYAHR)
repetir
(rrehpehTEER)
decir
(dehSEER)
sentarse
(sehnTAHRseh)
ver
(behr)
hablar
(ahBLAHR)
robar
(rrohBAHR)
estudiar
(ehstooDTHYAHR)
tomar
(tohMAHR)
MangoLanguages.com
123
English
to turn
to understand
to use
to wait
to want
together
tomato
tomorrow
too
towards
traveler's check
twelve (12)
twenty (20)
two (2)
two hundred (200)
two thousand (2,000)
Spanish
doblar
(dohBLAHR)
entender
(ehntehnDEHR)
usar
(ooSAHR)
esperar
(ehspehRAHR)
querer
(kehREHR)
juntos
(HOONtohs)
tomate
(tohMAHteh)
mañana
(mahNYAHnah)
también
(tahmBYEHN)
hacia
(AHsyah)
cheque del viajero
(CHEHkeh dehl byaHEHroh)
doce (12)
(DOHseh)
veinte (20)
(BEYNteh)
dos (2)
(dohs)
doscientos (200)
(dohsSYEHNtohs)
dos mil (2,000)
(dohs meel )
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English
until
very
wait
waiter
waitress
water
we are going to
we understand
well
what
Spanish
hasta
(AHStah)
muy
(mwee)
espere
(ehsPEHreh)
mesero
(mehSEHroh)
mesera
(mehSEHrah )
agua
(AHwah)
vamos a
(BAHmohs ah )
entendemos
(ehntehnDEHmohs)
bien
(byehn)
qué
(keh)
where
adónde
(to where)
(ahDTHOHNdeh)
where
wife
wine
with
with me
dónde
(DOHNdeh)
esposa
(ehsPOHsah)
vino
(BEEnoh)
con
(cohn )
conmigo
(kohnMEEgoh)
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English
with you
without
word
yes
you
you
you are going to
you call yourself
you call yourself
you like
you speak
you would like
you would like
your
your
your [plural]
Spanish
contigo
(kohnTEEgoh)
sin
(seen)
palabra
(pahLAHbrah)
sí
(see)
usted
(oosTEHDTH)
tú
(too)
vas a
(bahs ah)
te llamas
(teh YAHmahs)
usted se llama
(oosTEHDTH seh YAHmah)
le gusta
(leh gOOstah)
hablas
(AHblahs)
le gustaría
(leh goostahrEEah)
te gustaría
(teh goostahREEah)
tu
(too)
su
(soo)
sus
(soos)
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Phrase Review
English
Spanish
¡Hola! ¿Cómo está usted?
Hello! How are you?
(OHlah KOHmoh ehsTAH oosTEHDTH)
¡Buenos días! Estoy bien, gracias. ¿Y usted?
Good morning! I'm fine, thanks. And you?
I'm fine too. Thank you.
Well, have a good day.
Likewise. Goodbye.
Hello. Good morning.
How are you?
Hello, how are you?
Hello, how are you?
How is she?
How is he?
I'm fine.
I'm fine. Thank you.
I'm fine. And you?
(BWEHnohs DEEahs ehsTOY byehn GRAHsyahs ee
oosTEHDTH)
Estoy bien también. Gracias.
(ehsTOY byehn tahmBYEHN GRAHsyahs)
Bueno, que tenga un buen día.
(BWEHnoh keh TEHNgah oon bwehn DEEah )
Igualmente. Adiós.
(eewahlMEHNteh ahDTHYOHS)
Hola. Buenos días.
(OHlah BWEHnohs DEEahs)
(KOHmoh ehsTAH oosTEHDTH)
Hola, ¿cómo está usted?
(OHlah KOHmoh ehsTAH oosTEHDTH )
Hola, ¿cómo estás?
(OHlah KOHmoh ehsTAHS)
¿Cómo está ella?
(KOHmoh ehsTAH EHyah)
¿Cómo está él?
(KOHmoh ehsTAH ehl)
Estoy bien.
(ehsTOY byehn)
Estoy bien. Gracias.
(ehsTOY byehn GRAHsyahs)
Estoy bien. ¿Y usted?
(ehsTOY byehn ee oosTEHDTH)
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I'm fine too.
You are tired.
Spanish
Estoy bien también.
(ehsTOY byehn tahmBYEHN )
Usted está cansado.
(oosTEHDTH ehsTAH kahnSAHdthoh)
Have a good day.
(That have a good day.)
(keh TEHNgah oon bwehn DEEah)
a good day
Goodbye. Have a good day.
Yes, I speak English.
Do you speak Spanish?
Where are you from?
I am from the United States.
Do you speak English?
Do you speak German?
a little bit of Spanish
Yes, I speak a little bit of French.
un buen día
(oon bwehn DEEah)
Adiós. Que tenga un buen día.
(ahDTHYOHS keh TEHNgah oon bwehn DEEah)
Sí hablo inglés.
(see AHbloh eenGLEHS)
¿Usted habla inglés?
(oosTEHDTH AHblah eenGLEHS)
¿Usted habla alemán?
(oosTEHDTH AHblah ahlehMAHN)
un poco de español
(oon POHkoh deh ehspahNYOHL)
Sí, hablo un poco de francés.
(see AHbloh oon POHkoh deh frahnSEHS)
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Spanish
Ella habla un poco de inglés.
She speaks a little bit of English.
(EHyah AHblah oon POHkoh deh eenGLEHS)
Él habla un poco de italiano.
He speaks a little bit of Italian.
(ehl AHblah oon POHkoh deh eetahLYAHnoh)
Sí, hablo francés.
Yes, I speak French.
(see AHbloh frahnSEHS)
No hablo inglés.
I don't speak English.
(noh AHbloh eenGLEHS)
¿De dónde eres?
Where are you from?
(deh DOHNdeh EHrehs)
¿De dónde son ellos?
Where are they from?
(deh DOHNdeh sohn EHyohs)
Disculpe. ¿De dónde son ellas?
Excuse me. Where are they from?
(deesKOOLpeh deh DOHNdeh sohn EHyahs)
¿De dónde es?
Where is she from?
(deh DOHNdeh ehs)
de los Estados Unidos
from the United States
(deh lohs ehsTAHdthohs ooNEEdthohs)
Usted es de los Estados Unidos.
You are from the United States.
(oohstEHDTH ehs deh lohs ehstAHdthohs
oonEEdthohs)
Disculpe. ¿Usted es de los Estados Unidos?
Excuse me. Are you from the United States?
I'm from Mexico.
You are American.
You are from Canada.
They are from Mexico.
(deesKOOLpeh oosTEHDTH ehs deh lohs
Soy de México.
(soy deh MEHheekoh)
Usted es estadounidense.
(oosTEHDTH ehs ehstahdthoh-ooneeDTHEHNseh )
Usted es de Canadá.
(oosTEHDTH ehs deh kahnahDTHAH)
Ellos son de México.
(EHyohs sohn deh MEHheekoh)
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They are not from Mexico and they don't speak
Spanish.
Ellos no son de México y no hablan español.
(EHyohs noh sohn deh MEHheekoh ee noh AHblahn
ehspahNYOHL)
Sí, hablo un poco de español. Soy de los Estados
Yes, I speak a little bit of Spanish. I'm from the
United States and I speak English.
Unidos y hablo inglés.
(see AHbloh oon POHkoh deh ehspahNYOHL soy deh
lohs ehsTAHdthohs ooNEEdthohs ee AHbloh
eenGLEHS)
Hola, me llamo María.
Hi, my name is María.
(OHlah meh YAHmoh mahREEah)
What is your name?
Me llamo Tom. Es un gusto conocerla.
My name is Tom. It's nice to meet you.
(meh YAHmoh tom ehs oon GOOStoh
kohnohSEHRlah)
It is nice to meet you too Tom. This is my husband
Carlos.
It's nice to meet you.
What is your name?
What is her name?
he calls himself
What is his name?
Igualmente Tom. Él es mi esposo Carlos.
(eewahlMEHNteh tom ehl ehs mee ehsPOHsoh
KAHRlohs)
Gusto en conocerlo.
(GOOStoh ehn kohnohSEHRloh)
¿Cómo te llamas?
(KOHmoh teh YAHmahs)
¿Cómo se llama ella?
(KOHmoh seh YAHmah EHyah)
él se llama
(ehl seh YAHmah)
¿Cómo se llama?
(KOHmoh seh YAHmah)
My name is Tom.
Me llamo Tom.
(I call myself Tom.)
(meh YAHmoh tom)
Her name is Maria.
His name is Carlos.
Ella se llama María.
(eyah seh yahmah mahREEah.)
Él se llama Carlos.
(ehl seh YAHmah KAHRlohs)
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ellos se llaman
they call themselves
(EHyohs seh YAHmahn)
Se llaman Carlos y María.
Their names are Carlos and María.
(seh YAHmahn KAHRlohs ee mahREEah)
No soy María. Me llamo Juana.
I'm not Maria. My name is Juana.
(noh soy mahREEah meh YAHmoh HWAHnah )
Hi, my name is Tom and I'm from the United
States.
Hola, me llamo Tom y soy de los Estados Unidos.
(OHlah meh YAHmoh tom ee soy deh lohs
This is my husband.
Él es mi esposo.
(He is my husband.)
(ehl ehs mee ehsPOHsoh)
Mi esposo habla italiano.
My husband speaks Italian.
(mee ehsPOHsoh AHbla eetahLYAHnoh)
Él es mi hermano.
He is my brother.
(ehl ehs mee ehrMAHnoh)
Él no es mi hermano. Es mi esposo.
He's not my brother. He's my husband.
(ehl noh ehs mee ehrMAHnoh ehs mee ehsPOHsoh)
Ella es mi hermana.
She is my sister.
(EHyah ehs mee ehrMAHnah)
Mi hermana habla un poco de inglés.
My sister speaks a little bit of English.
(mee ehrMAHnah AHblah oon POHkoh deh
eenGLEHS)
Ella es mi hermana y se llama Guadalupe.
This is my sister and her name is Guadalupe.
They are my friends.
(EHyah ehs mee ehrMAHnah ee seh YAHmah
gwahdthahLOOpeh)
Ellos son mis amigos.
(EHyohs sohn mees ahMEEgohs)
(It is a pleasure to meet you.)
(ehs oon GOOStoh kohnohSEHRloh)
Es un gusto conocerla.
(ehs oon GOOStoh kohnohSEHRlah)
Es un gusto conocerte.
(ehs oon GOOStoh kohnohSEHRteh)
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Es un gusto conocerlo. ¡Hasta luego!
It´s nice to meet you. See you later!
Excuse me. I'm lost.
The bathroom is a little far away.
(ehs oon GOOStoh kohnohSEHRteh AHstah
LWEHgoh)
Disculpe, estoy perdido.
(deesKOOLpeh ehsTOY pehrDTHEEdthoh)
El baño está un poco lejos.
(ehl BAHnyoh ehsTAH oon POHkoh LEHhohs)
You're welcome.
I'm lost.
eesKYEHRdthah)
¡Muchas gracias!
De nada.
(deh NAHdthah)
Estoy perdido.
(ehsTOY pehrDTHEEdthoh)
Buenas tardes. ¿Usted está perdida?
Good afternoon. Are you lost?
I'm a little bit bored. And you?
Good morning. Are you ready?
Yes, I'm ready.
Hi, are you okay?
I'm very tired.
(BWEHnahs TAHRdthehs oosTEHDTH ehsTAH
pehrDTHEEdthah)
Estoy un poco aburrido, ¿y tú?
(ehsTOY oon POHkoh ahbooRREEdthoh ee too)
Buenos días. ¿Estás lista?
(BWEHnohs DEEahs ehsTAHS LEEStah)
Sí, estoy lista.
(see ehsTOY LEEStah)
Hola, ¿estás bien?
(OHlah ehsTAHS byehn)
Estoy muy cansada.
(ehsTOY mwee kahnSAHdthah)
Tú estás cansada y yo estoy aburrido.
You are tired and I'm bored.
(too ehsTAHS kahnSAHdthah ee yoh ehsTOY
ahbooRREEdthoh)
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Where is the hotel?
Spanish
¿Dónde está el hotel?
(DOHNdeh ehsTAH ehl hohTEHL)
Estoy perdida. ¿Dónde está el hotel?
I'm lost. Where is the hotel?
(ehsTOY pehrDTHEEdthah DOHNdeh ehsTAH ehl
hohTEHL)
Disculpe, ¿dónde está el restaurante?
Excuse me, where is the restaurant?
(deesKOOLpeh DOHNdeh ehsTAH ehl
rrehstahwRAHNteh)
Buenos días. ¿Dónde está la parada de autobús?
Good morning. Where is the bus stop?
Where are the keys?
Where are the tickets?
on the map
(BWEHnohs DEEahs DOHNdeh ehsTAH lah
pahRAHdthah deh ahwtohBOOS)
¿Dónde están las llaves?
(DOHNdeh ehsTAHN lahs YAHbehs)
¿Dónde están los boletos?
(DOHNdeh ehsTAHN lohs bohLEHtohs)
en el mapa
(ehn ehl MAHpah)
¿Dónde está el restaurante en el mapa?
Where is the restaurant on the map?
The hotel is very close.
(DOHNdeh ehsTAH ehl rrehstahwRAHNteh ehn ehl
MAHpah)
(ehsTAH oon POHkoh LEHhohs)
El hotel está muy cerca.
(ehl hohTEHL ehsTAH mwee SEHRkah)
La parada de autobús está muy lejos.
The bus stop is very far.
It's far from here.
(lah pahRAHdthah deh ahwtohBOOS ehsTAH mwee
LEHhohs)
Está lejos de aquí.
(ehsTAH LEHhohs deh ahKEE)
La parada de autobús está un poco lejos de aquí.
The bus stop is a little bit far from here.
It's six kilometers from here.
Six kilometers is far!
(lah pahRAHdthah deh ahwtohBOOS ehsTAH oon
POHkoh LEHhohs deh ahKEE )
Está a seis kilómetros de aquí.
(ehsTAH ah seys keeLOHmehtrohs deh ahKEE)
¡Seis kilómetros es lejos!
(seys keeLOHmehtrohs ehs LEHhohs)
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a la izquierda
to the left
(ah lah eesKYEHRdthah)
Then, go to the left.
Luego vaya a la izquierda.
(Later, go to the left.)
(LWEHgoh BAHyah ah lah eesKYEHRdthah)
Vaya hacia la derecha.
Go to the right.
(BAHyah AHsyah lah dehREHchah)
Vaya hacia la derecha y luego hacia la izquierda.
Go to the right and then to the left.
(Go towards the right and later towards the left.)
(BAHyah AHsyah lah dehREHchah ee LWEHgoh
AHsyah lah eesKYEHRdthah)
Más despacio por favor.
Slower, please.
(mahs dehsPAHsyoh pohr fahBOHR)
Hablo un poco de español. Más despacio, por
I speak a little bit of Spanish. Slower, please.
favor.
(AHbloh oon POHkoh deh ehspahNYOHL mahs
dehsPAHsyoh pohr fahBOHR )
(KOHmoh PWEHdthoh ehnkohnTRAHR lah
ehmbahHAHdthah )
¿Cómo puedo encontrar...?
How can I find...?
(KOHmoh PWEHdthoh ehnkohnTRAHR)
Doble a la izquierda.
Turn left.
(DOHbleh ah lah eesKYEHRdthah)
Doble a la derecha y luego vaya derecho.
Turn right and then go straight.
(DOHbleh ah lah dehREHchah ee LWEHgoh BAHyah
dehREHchoh)
calle San Martín
San Martín street
(KAHyeh sahn mahrTEEN)
Doble a la izquierda en la calle San Martín.
Turn left on San Martín street.
(DOHbleh ah lah eesKYEHRdthah ehn lah KAHyeh
sahn mahrTEEN)
Está en la esquina.
It's on the corner.
(ehsTAH ehn lah ehsKEEnah)
Disculpe, soy estadounidense. ¿Cómo puedo
Excuse me. I'm American. How can I find the office
of tourism?
encontrar la oficina de turismo?
(deesKOOLpeh soy ehstahdthohooneeDTHEHNseh
KOHmoh PWEHdthoh ehnkohnTRAHR lah
ohfeeSEEnah deh tooREESmoh)
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La oficina de turismo está muy lejos. Vaya derecho
The office of tourism is very far. Go straight and
then turn right at the corner.
Excuse me. Do you have maps?
Yes, would you like to buy one?
Yes please. How much does it cost?
y luego doble a la derecha en la esquina.
(lah ohfeeSEEnah deh tooREESmoh ehsTAH mwee
LEHhohs BAHyah dehREHchoh ee LWEHgoh DOHbleh
ah lah dehREHchah ehn lah ehsKEEnah)
Disculpe, ¿tiene mapas?
(deesKOOLpeh TYEHneh MAHpahs)
Sí, ¿le gusataría comprar uno?
(see leh goostahREEah kohmPRAHR OOnoh)
Sí, por favor. ¿Cuánto cuesta?
(see pohr fahBOHR KWAHNtoh KWEHStah)
Cuesta ocho pesos con cincuenta centavos.
It costs eight pesos and fifty cents.
Ok. Give me two, please.
Seventeen pesos, please.
Here you are.
Thank you very much.
You're welcome.
Do you have maps?
I have one map.
Do you have two maps?
I have three postcards.
Do you have more maps?
(KWEHStah OHchoh PEHsohs kohn seenKWEHNtah
sehnTAHbohs)
Ok. Deme dos, por favor.
(ohKEY DEHmeh dohs pohr fahBOHR)
Diecisiete pesos, por favor.
(dyehseeSYEHteh PEHsohs pohr fahBOHR)
Aquí tiene.
(ahKEE TYEHneh)
Muchas gracias.
(MOOchahs GRAHsyahs )
De nada.
(deh NAHdthah)
¿Tiene mapas?
(TYEHneh MAHpahs)
Tengo un mapa.
(TEHNgoh oon MAHpah)
¿Tiene dos mapas?
(TYEHneh dohs MAHpahs)
Tengo tres postales.
(TEHNgoh trehs pohsTAHlehs)
¿Tiene más mapas?
(TYEHneh mahs MAHpahs)
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Tengo pocas postales y pocos mapas.
I have a few postcards and a few maps.
I want more postcards of Mexico.
I have four more postcards.
(TEHNgoh POHkahs pohsTAHlehs ee POHkohs
MAHpahs)
Quiero más postales de México.
(KYEHroh mahs pohsTAHlehs deh MEHheekoh)
Tengo cuatro postales más.
(TEHNgoh KWAHtroh pohsTAHlehs mahs)
Do you want anything else?
¿Quiere algo más?
(Do you want something more?)
(KYEHreh AHLgoh mahs)
How much do three tickets cost?
How much does this book cost?
How much do these cost?
How much money do you have?
I don't have a lot of money.
How many postcards do you want?
(It costs five pesos with fifty cents.)
five pesos and fifty cents
(five pesos with fifty cents)
It costs nine pesos.
ten pesos and twelve cents
¿Cuánto cuesta?
(KWAHNtoh KWEHStah )
¿Cuánto cuestan tres boletos?
(KWAHNtoh KWEHStahn trehs bohLEHtohs)
¿Cuánto cuesta este libro?
(KWAHNtoh KWEHStah EHSteh LEEbroh)
¿Cuánto cuestan estos?
(KWAHNtoh KWEHStahn EHstohs)
¿Cuánto dinero tiene?
(KWAHNtoh deeNEHroh TYEHneh)
No tengo mucho dinero.
(noh TEHNgoh MOOchoh deeNEHroh)
¿Cuántas postales quiere?
(KWAHNtahs pohsTAHlehs KYEHreh )
(KWEHStah SEENkoh PEHsohs kohn seenKWEHNtah
sehnTAHbohs)
cinco pesos con cincuenta centavos
(SEENkoh PEHsohs kohn seenKWEHNtah
sehnTAHbohs)
Cuesta nueve pesos.
(KWEHStah NWEHbeh PEHsohs)
diez pesos con doce centavos
(dyehs PEHsohs kohn DOHseh sehnTAHbohs)
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once pesos con trece centavos
eleven pesos and thirteen cents
(OHNseh PEHsohs kohn TREHseh sehnTAHbohs)
Este cuesta catorce pesos con quince centavos.
This costs fourteen pesos and fifteen cents.
(EHSteh KWEHStah kahTOHRseh PEHsohs kohn
KEENseh sehnTAHbohs)
thirty-two (32)
treinta y dos (32)
(thirty and two (32))
(TREYNtah ee dohs)
cuarenta y cinco (45)
forty-five (45)
(kwahREHNtah ee SEENkoh)
sesenta y siete (67)
sixty-seven (67)
(sehSEHNtah ee SYEHteh)
setenta y seis (76)
seventy-six (76)
(sehTEHNtah ee seys)
ochenta y uno (81)
eighty-one (81)
(ohCHEHNtah ee OOnoh)
noventa y tres (93)
ninety-three (93)
(nohBEHNtah ee trehs)
(leh goostahREEah kohmPRAHR OOnoh)
¿Le gustaría comprar...?
Would you like to buy...?
(leh goostahrEEah cOHmprahr)
¿Le gustaría ver estos zapatos?
Would you like to see these shoes?
(leh goostahrEEah vehr EHstohs sahpAHtohs)
No. Me gustaría ver esos zapatos, por favor.
No. I would like to see those shoes, please.
(noh meh goostahREEah behr EHsohs sahPAHtohs
pohr fahBOHR)
¿Te gustaría comprar esta camiseta?
Would you like to buy this tee shirt?
(teh goostahREEah kohmPRAHR EHStah
kahmeeSEHtah)
No me gustaría comprar esa camiseta.
I wouldn't like to buy that tee shirt.
(noh meh goostahREEah kohmPRAHR EHsah
kahmeeSEHtah)
clothing store
tienda de ropa
(store of clothes)
(TYEHNdah deh RROHpah)
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tienda de zapatos
shoe store
(TYEHNdah deh sahPAHtohs)
¿Te gustaría ir a la tienda de zapatos?
Would you like to go to the shoe store?
(teh goostahREEah eer ah lah TYEHNdah deh
sahPAHtohs)
Me gustaría comprar esos zapatos. ¿Cuánto
I would like to buy those shoes. How much do they
cost?
cuestan?
(meh goostahREEah kohmPRAHR EHsohs
sahPAHtohs KWAHNtoh KWEHStahn)
¿Te gustaría comprar ropa de esa tienda?
Would you like to buy clothes from that store?
(teh goostahREEah kohmPRAHR RROHpah deh
EHsah TYEHNdah)
(DEHmeh dohs pohr fahBOHR)
Deme tres mapas, por favor.
Give me three maps, please.
(DEHmeh trehs MAHpahs pohr fahBOHR)
Could you give me a book, please?
¿Me da un libro, por favor?
(You give me a book, please?)
(meh dah oon LEEbroh pohr fahBOHR)
¿Me das esos zapatos?
Could you give me those shoes?
(meh dahs EHsohs sahPAHtohs)
¿Nos da un mapa de México, por favor?
Could you give us a map of Mexico, please?
(nohs dah oon MAHpah deh MEHheekoh pohr
fahBOHR)
Buenas tardes.
Good evening.
¿Qué va a tomar?
Vino francés, por favor.
French wine, please.
(BEEnoh frahnSEHS pohr fahBOHR )
No hay vino francés. ¿Quiere vino italiano?
There is no French wine. Do you want Italian wine?
Yes, thank you.
(noh ay BEEnoh frahnSEHS KYEHreh BEEnoh
eetahLYAHnoh)
Sí, gracias.
(see GRAHsyahs)
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Sí. ¿Podría traerme la paella, por favor?
Yes. Could you bring me the paella, please?
(see pohDTHREEah trahEHRmeh lah pahEHyah pohr
fahBOHR)
Claro.
Sure.
(KLAHroh)
ready to order
listo para ordenar
(ready for order)
(LEEStoh PAHrah ohrdthehNAHR)
María, ¿estás lista para ordenar?
María, are you ready to order?
(mahREEah ehsTAH LEEStah PAHrah ohrdthehNAHR)
¿Están listos para ordenar?
(ehsTAHN LEEStohs PAHrah ohrdthehNAHR)
¡Espere! No estoy listo para ordenar.
Wait! I'm not ready to order.
(ehsPEHreh noh ehsTOY LEEStoh PAHrah
ohrdthehNAHR)
Quiero esperar. Mis amigos no están listos para
I want to wait. My friends are not ready to order.
ordenar.
(KYEHroh ehspehRAR mees ahMEEgohs noh
ehsTAHN LEEStohs PAHrah ohrdthehNAHR)
¡Ahora estamos listos para ordenar!
Now we are ready to order!
Could you bring me...?
bottle of water
(ahOHrah ehsTAHmohs LEEStohs PAHrah
ohrdthehNAHR)
(pohDTHREEah trahEHRmeh lah pahEHyah)
¿Podría traerme...?
(pohDTHREEah trahEHRmeh)
botella de agua
(bohTEHyah deh AHwah)
¿Podría traerme una botella de agua?
Could you bring me a bottle of water?
bottle of wine
(pohDTHREEah trahEHRmeh OOnah bohTEHyah deh
AHwah)
botella de vino
(bohTEHyah deh BEEnoh)
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¿Podría traernos una botella de vino francés?
Could you bring us a bottle of French wine?
(pohDTHREEah trahEHRnohs OOnah bohTEHyah deh
BEEnoh frahnSEHS)
¿Podría darme un vaso de refresco?
Could you give me a glass of soda?
(pohDTHREEah DAHRmeh oon BAHsoh deh
rrehFREHSkoh)
¿Podría traerme un poco de paella española?
Could you bring me a little bit of Spanish paella?
(pohDTHREEah trahEHRmeh oon POHkoh deh
pahEHyah ehspahNYOHlah)
tomato sauce
salsa de tomate
(sauce of tomato)
(SAHLsah deh tohMAHteh)
La salsa no tiene sal. ¿Podría traerme un poco, por
The sauce doesn't have salt. Could you bring me a
little, please?
favor?
(lah SAHLsah noh TYEHneh sahl pohDTHREEah
trahEHRmeh oon POHkoh pohr fahBOHR)
café con azúcar
coffee with sugar
(kahFEH kohn ahSOOkahr)
¿Podría traerme un café con azúcar?
Could you bring me a coffee with sugar?
(pohDTHREEah trahEHRmeh oon kahFEH kohn
ahSOOkahr )
sin salsa de hongos
without mushroom sauce
(seen SAHLsah deh OHNgohs)
Could you bring me the chicken without mushroom
sauce?
¿Podría traerme el pollo sin salsa de hongos?
(pohDTHREEah trahEHRmeh ehl POHyoh seen
SAHLsah deh OHNgohs)
¿Qué va a tomar?
¿va a tomar?
are you going to drink
(bah ah tohMAHR)
Voy a tomar un refresco.
I'm going to drink a soda.
(boy ah tohMAHR oon rrehFREHSkoh)
¿Qué va a ordenar?
What are you going to order?
(keh bah ah ohrdthehNAHR)
Voy a ordenar los hongos con salsa.
I'm going to order the mushrooms with sauce.
(boy ah ohrdthehNAHR lohs OHNgohs kohn
SAHLsah)
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¿Vas a ordenar la carne?
Are you going to order the meat?
(bahs ah ohrdthehNAHR lah KAHRneh)
Espere. No voy a ordenar ahora.
Wait. I'm not going to order now.
(ehsPEHreh noh boy ah ohrdthehNAHR ahOHrah)
Voy a comer.
I am going to eat.
(boy ah kohMEHR)
No voy a comer.
I'm not going to eat.
(noh boy ah kohMEHR)
Estoy listo para ordenar. Voy a comer la carne con
I'm ready to order. I'm going to eat the meat with
mushrooms.
hongos.
(ehsTOY LEEStoh PAHrah ohrdthehNAHR boy ah
kohMEHR lah KAHRneh kohn OHNgohs)
¿Va a ordenar el postre ahora?
Are you going to order dessert now?
(bah ah ohrdthehNAHR ehl POHStreh ahOHrah)
¿Vamos a ir al restaurante italiano?
Are we going to go to the Italian restaurant?
We are going to eat the dessert now.
(BAHmohs ah eer ahl rrehstahwRAHNteh
eetahLYAHnoh)
Vamos a comer el postre ahora.
(BAHmohs ah kohMEHR ehl POHStreh ahOHrah)
chocolate dessert
postre de chocolate
(dessert of chocolate)
(POHStreh deh chohkohLAHteh)
Voy a ordenar el postre de chocolate.
I'm going to order the choclate dessert.
(boy ah ohrdthehNAHR ehl POHStreh deh
chohkohLAHteh )
Bring me the bill.
(mehSEHrah TRAYgahmeh lah KWEHNtah pohr
fahBOHR)
Tráigame la cuenta.
(TRAYgahmeh lah KWEHNtah)
Mesero. Tráigame el menú, por favor.
Waiter. Bring me the menu, please.
I want to see the menu, please.
(mehSEHroh TRAYgahmeh ehl mehNOO pohr
fahBOHR)
Quiero ver el menú, por favor.
(KYEHroh behr ehl mehNOO pohr fahBOHR)
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Sure. Here you are.
Claro. Aquí tiene.
(Sure. Here you have. )
(KLAHroh ahKEE TYEHneh)
(ay OOnah MEHsah PAHrah dohs)
¿Hay una mesa?
Is there a table?
(ay OOnah MEHsah)
una mesa para dos
a table for two
(OOnah MEHsah PAHrah dohs)
Buenos días. ¿Hay una mesa para cuatro, por
favor?
Good morning. Is there a table for four, please?
(BWEHnohs DEEahs ay OOnah MEHsah PAHrah
KWAHtroh pohr fahBOHR)
¿Hay un baño aquí?
Is there a bathroom here?
(ay oon BAHnyoh ahKEE)
Hay mucha gente en este restaurante.
There are a lot of people in this restaurant.
(ay MOOchah HEHNteh ehn EHSteh
rrehstahwRAHNteh)
Lo siento. No hay refrescos.
I'm sorry. There aren't any sodas.
(loh SYEHNtoh noh ay rrehFREHSkohs)
No hay más.
There isn't any more.
(noh ay mahs)
No hay más café. Lo siento.
There isn't any more coffee. I'm sorry.
(noh ay mahs kahFEH loh SYEHNtoh)
Buenos días. ¿Adónde va?
Good morning. Where are you going?
(BWEHnohs DEEahs ahDTHOHNdeh bah)
I'm going to San Martín Street. How much is it from
here?
Well, let's go.
Voy a la calle San Martín. ¿Cuánto es desde aquí?
(boy ah lah KAHyeh sahn mahrTEEN KWAHNtoh ehs
DEHSdtheh ahKEE)
Bueno. Vamos.
(BWEHnoh BAHmohs)
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Bajo aquí. ¿Puedo pagar con tarjeta de crédito?
I'm getting off here. Can I pay with credit card?
(BAHhoh ahKEE PWEHdthoh pahGAHR kohn
tahrHEHtah deh KREHdtheetoh)
(deesKOOLpeh PEHroh noh ahSEHPtoh tahrHEHtahs
deh KREHdtheetoh)
Bueno. Aquí tiene mil pesos.
Ok. Here you have one thousand pesos.
(BWEHnoh ahKEE TYEHneh meel PEHsohs)
Aquí tiene su cambio.
Here's your change.
(ahKEE TYEHneh soo KAHMbyoh)
Gracias. Adiós.
Thank you. Goodbye.
(GRAHsyahs ahDTHYOHS)
¿Adónde va?
(To where do you go?)
(ahDTHOHNdeh bah)
¿Adónde tiene que ir?
Where do you have to go?
(ahDTHOHNdeh TYEHneh keh eer)
Tengo que tomar un taxi. ¿Adónde puedo ir?
I have to take a taxi. Where can I go?
(TEHNgoh keh tohMAHR oon TAHksee
ahDTHOHNdeh PWEHdthoh eer)
This taxi is available. Where do you want to go?
(This taxi is free. To where do you want to go?)
Este taxi está libre. ¿Adónde quiere ir?
(EHSteh TAHksee ehsTAH LEEbreh ahDTHOHNdeh
KYEHreh eer)
Estoy libre esta tarde. ¿Adónde quieres ir?
I'm free this evening. Where do you want to go?
(ehsTOY LEEbreh EHStah TAHRdtheh ahDTHOHNdeh
KYEHrehs eer )
Buenos días, señor. ¿Adónde quiere ir?
Good morning, sir. Where do you want to go?
(bwEHnohs dEEahs sehnyOHr ahdOHndeh keeEHreh
eer )
(KWAHNtoh ehs DEHSdtheh ahKEE)
How much is it to there?
¿Cuánto es hasta allí?
(How much is it until there?)
(KWAHNtoh ehs AHStah ahYEE)
¿Cuánto es desde el aeropuerto hasta el hotel?
How much is it from the airport to the hotel?
(KWAHNtoh ehs DEHSdtheh ehl ahehrohPWEHRtoh
AHStah ehl hohTEHL)
¿Cuánto es hasta la avenida San Juan?
How much is it to San Juan Avenue?
(KWAHNtoh ehs AHStah lah ahbehNEEdthahh san
hwahn)
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I'm going to the station. How much is it from here?
(I go until the station. How much is it from here?)
Voy hasta la estación. ¿Cuánto es desde aquí?
(boy AHStah lah ehstahSYOHN KWAHNtoh ehs
DEHSdtheh ahKEE)
Bajo aquí.
(BAHhoh ahKEE)
Bajamos aquí. ¿Puede esperar, por favor?
We get off here. Can you wait, please?
Where do you have to get off?
(bahHAHmohs ahKEE PWEHdtheh ehspehRAHR pohr
fahBOHR)
¿Dónde tiene que bajar?
(DOHNdeh TYEHneh keh bahHAHR)
at the next stop
en la próxima parada
(on the next stop)
(ehn lah PROHkseemahh pahRAHdthah)
Do you get off at the next stop?
¿Baja en la próxima parada?
(BAHhah ehn lah PROHkseemahh pahRAHdthah)
No. I get off at the following one.
No. Bajo en la siguiente.
(No. I get off on the following.)
(noh BAHhoh ehn lah seeGYEHNteh)
Puedo subir en la próxima parada.
I can get on at the next stop.
Can I get on here?
Where do I have to get on?
one hundred ten (110)
one hundred ten pesos
(PWEHdthoh sooBEER ehn lah PROHkseemahh
pahRAHdthah)
¿Puedo subir aquí?
(PWEHdthoh sooBEER ahKEE)
¿Dónde tengo que subir?
(DOHNdeh TEHNgoh keh sooBEER)
ciento diez (110)
(SYEHNtoh dyehs)
ciento diez pesos
(SYEHNtoh dyehs PEHsohs)
Do you have change for a hundred?
¿Tiene cambio de cien?
(Do you have change of a hundred?)
(TYEHneh KAHMbyoh deh syehn)
one hundred five (105)
two hundred twenty-two (222)
ciento cinco (105)
(SYEHNtoh SEENcoh)
doscientos veintidós (222)
(dohsSYEHNtohs beynteeDTHOHS)
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trescientos cuarenta (340)
three hundred forty (340)
(trehsSYEHNtohs kwahREHNtah)
cuatrocientos sesenta y siete (467)
four hundred sixty-seven (467)
(kwahtrohSYEHNtohs sehSEHNtah ee SYEHteh)
Disculpe, no tengo cambio de quinientos.
I'm sorry. I don't have change for five hundred.
(deesKOOLpeh noh TEHNgoh KAHMbyoh deh
keenYEHNtohs)
quinientos noventa y uno (591)
five hundred ninety-one (591)
(keenYEHNtohs nohBEHNtah ee OOnoh)
seiscientos once (611)
six hundred eleven (611)
(seysSYEHNtohs OHNseh)
setecientos ochenta y cinco (785)
seven hundred eighty-five (785)
(sehtehSYEHNtohs ohCHEHNtah ee SEENcoh)
ochocientos cincuenta y nueve (859)
eight hundred fifty-nine (859)
(ohchohSYEHNtohs seenKWEHNtah ee NWEHbeh)
Son novecientos cuarenta y ocho pesos, por favor.
It's nine hundred forty-eight pesos, please.
(sohn nohbehSYEHNtohs kwahREHNtah ee OHchoh
PEHsohs pohr fahBOHR)
(PWEHdthoh pahGAHR kohn tahrHEHtah deh
KREHdtheetoh)
No puedo pagar con tarjeta de débito.
I can't pay with debit card.
(noh PWEHdthoh pahGAHR kohn tahrHEHtah deh
DEHbeetoh)
¿Puedo usar mi tarjeta de crédito aquí?
Can I use my credit card here?
KREHdtheetoh ahKEE)
Voy a usar mis cheques del viajero.
I'm going to use my traveler's checks.
(boy ah ooSAHR mees CHEHkehs dehl byaHEHroh)
Disculpe. No puede usar sus cheques del viajero
I'm sorry. You can't use your traveler's checks here. aquí.
(deesKOOLpeh noh PWEHdtheh ooSAHR soos
CHEHkehs dehl byaHEHroh ahKEE)
No tengo efectivo. ¿Puedo pagar con mi tarjeta de
I don't have cash. Can I pay with my debit card?
débito?
(noh TEHNgoh ehfehkTEEboh PWEHdthoh pahGAHR
kohn mee tahrHEHtah deh DEHbeetoh)
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Puedo usar mi tarjeta de crédito aquí.
I can use my credit card here.
KREHdtheetoh ahKEE)
Disculpe pero no acepto...
I´m sorry but I don´t accept...
(deesKOOLpeh PEHroh noh ahSEHPtoh)
Acepto tarjetas de crédito pero no acepto cheques
I accept credit cards but I don't accept traveler's
checks.
del viajero.
(ahSEHPtoh tahrHEHtahs deh KREHdtheetoh
PEHroh noh ahSEHPtoh CHEHkehs dehl byaHEHroh)
Sólo se acepta efectivo.
Only cash is accepted.
(SOHloh seh ahSEHPtah ehfehkTEEboh )
No se aceptan tarjetas de crédito en este taxi.
Credit cards are not accepted in this taxi.
(noh seh ahSEHPtahn tahrHEHtahs deh
KREHdtheetoh ehn EHSteh TAHksee)
¿Se aceptan cheques del viajero aquí?
Are traveler's checks accepted here?
(seh ahSEHPtahn CHEHkehs dehl byaHEHroh
ahKEE)
No. Pero se aceptan dólares y pesos.
No. But dollars and pesos are accepted.
(noh PEHroh seh ahSEHPtahn DOHlahrehs ee
PEHsohs)
(Here you have one thousand pesos.)
(ahKEE TYEHneh meel PEHsohs)
two thousand five hundred ninety-three (2,593)
dos mil quinientos noventa y tres (2,593)
(dohs meel keenYEHNtohs nohBEHNtah ee trehs)
tres mil (3,000)
three thousand (3,000)
(trehs meel)
¿Puedo pagar con tres mil dólares?
Can I pay with three thousand dollars?
(PWEHdthoh pahGAHR kohn trehs meel DOHlahrehs)
cuatro mil novecientos sesenta y cinco (4,965)
four thousand nine hundred sixty-five (4,965)
(KWAHtroh meel nohbehSYEHNtohs sehSEHNtah ee
SEENcoh)
cinco mil (5,000)
five thousand (5,000)
(SEENcoh meel)
cinco mil cuatrocientos setenta y uno (5,471)
five thousand four hundred seventy-one (5,471)
(SEENcoh meel kwahtrohSYEHNtohs sehTEHNtah ee
OOnoh)
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seis mil cuarenta y ocho (6,048)
six thousand forty-eight (6,048)
(seys meel kwahREHNtah ee OHchoh)
siete mil (7,000)
seven thousand (7,000)
(SYEHteh meel)
ocho mil tres (8,003)
eight thousand three (8,003)
(OHchoh meel trehs)
nine thousand five hundred thirteen (9,513)
nueve mil quinientos trece (9,513)
(NWEHbeh meel keenYEHNtohs TREHseh)
¿Qué pasa?
What´s wrong?
(keh PAHsah)
No me siento bien. Creo que tengo fiebre alta.
I don't feel well. I think I have a high fever.
Does something hurt?
Yes. My head hurts.
No. Do you want me to call a taxi?
Yes, please.
Nothing is wrong. I'm fine.
Are you okay? What happened?
What's happening?
What's wrong with you?
(noh meh SYEHNtoh byehn KREHoh keh TEHNgoh
FYEHbreh AHLtah)
¿Le duele algo?
(leh DWEHleh AHLgoh)
Si. Me duele la cabeza.
(see meh DWEHleh lah kahBEHsah)
No. ¿Quiere que llame a un taxi?
(noh KYEHreh keh YAHmeh ah oon TAHksee)
Sí, por favor.
(see pohr fahBOHR)
No pasa nada. Estoy bien.
(noh PAHsah NAHdthah ehsTOY byehn)
¿Está bien? ¿Qué pasó?
(ehsTAH byehn keh pahSOH)
¿Qué está pasando?
(keh ehsTAH pahSAHNdoh)
¿Qué pasa contigo?
(keh PAHsah kohnTEEgoh)
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What happened to you?
¿Qué pasó contigo?
(What happened with you?)
(keh pahSOH kohnTEEgoh)
What's going on with me?
¿Qué está pasando conmigo?
(What's happening with me?)
(keh ehsTAH pahSAHNdoh kohnMEEgoh)
Me caí. Pero no pasó nada, estoy bien.
I fell. But nothing happened. I'm fine.
(meh kahEE PEHroh noh pahSOH NAHdthah ehsTOY
byehn)
I don't feel well.
No me siento bien.
(I myself don't feel well.)
(noh meh SYEHNtoh byehn)
I feel well.
I feel well. I'm not tired.
I feel dizzy!
How do you feel?
Do you feel okay?
I feel bad.
I believe that I have...
I have a high fever.
Me siento bien.
(meh SYEHNtoh byehn)
Me siento bien. No estoy cansado.
(meh SYEHNtoh byehn noh ehsTOY kahnSAHdthoh)
¡Me siento mareada!
(meh SYEHNtoh mahrehAHdthah)
¿Cómo se siente?
(KOHmoh seh SYEHNteh)
¿Se siente bien?
(seh SYEHNteh byehn)
Me siento mal.
(meh SYEHNtoh mahl)
(KREHoh keh TEHNgoh FYEHbreh AHLtah)
Creo que tengo...
(KREHoh keh TEHNgoh)
Tengo fiebre alta.
(TEHNgoh FYEHbreh AHLtah)
Creo que tiene dolor de estómago.
I believe that he has a stomachache.
headache
(KREHoh keh TYEHneh dohLOHR deh
ehsTOHmahgoh)
dolor de cabeza
(dohLOHR deh kahBEHsah)
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No tengo dolor de cabeza. Estoy bien ahora.
I don't have a headache. I'm okay now.
(noh TEHNgoh dohLOHR deh kahBEHsah ehsTOY
byehn ahOHrah)
¡Auxilio! ¡Creo que va a desmayarse!
Help! I believe he is going to faint!
(ahwksEElyoh KREHoh keh bah ah
dehsmahYAHRseh)
My head hurts.
Me duele la cabeza.
(The head hurts me. )
(meh DWEHleh lah kahBEHsah)
No me siento bien. Me duele el estómago.
I don't feel well. My stomach hurts.
(noh meh SYEHNtoh byehn meh DWEHleh ehl
ehsTOHmahgoh)
¿Qué le duele?
What hurts?
(keh leh DWEHleh)
¡Me duele la espalda!
My back hurts!
(meh DWEHleh lah ehsPAHLdah )
¿Dónde le duele?
Where does it hurt?
(DOHNdeh leh DWEHleh)
Ya no me duele la cabeza. ¡Ahora me duele la
My head doesn't hurt anymore. Now, my back
hurts!
Does your leg hurt?
No. My leg doesn't hurt anymore.
Does your stomach hurt?
No. Not anymore.
espalda!
(yah noh meh DWEHleh lah kahBEHsah ahOHrah
meh DWEHleh lah ehsPAHLdah)
¿Le duele la pierna?
(leh DWEHleh lah PYEHRnah)
No. Ya no me duele la pierna.
(noh yah noh meh DWEHleh lah PYEHRnah)
¿Te duele el estómago?
(teh DWEHleh ehl ehsTOHmahgoh)
No. Ya no.
(noh yah noh)
(Do you want that I call to a doctor?)
(KYEHreh keh YAHmeh ah oon dohkTOHR)
Do you want me to call?
¿Quiere que llame?
(You want that I call?)
(KYEHreh keh YAHmeh)
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¡Llame a un doctor!
Call a doctor!
(YAHmeh ah oon dohkTOHR)
Es una emergencia. ¡Llame a un doctor!
It is an emergency. Call a doctor!
(ehs OOnah ehmehrHEHNsyah YAHmeh ah oon
dohkTOHR)
¿Quiere que llame a la policía?
Do you want me to call the police?
(KYEHreh keh YAHmeh ah lah pohleeSEEah)
No llame a la policía. No es una emergencia.
Don't call the police. It is not an emergency.
(noh YAHmeh ah lah pohleeSEEah noh ehs OOnah
ehmehrHEHNsyah)
Me robaron mi pasaporte. ¡Llame a la policía!
They stole my passport. Call the police!
(meh rrohBAHrohn mee pahsahPOHRteh YAHmeh ah
lah pohleeSEEah)
(nehsehSEEtoh OOnah ahmbooLAHNsyah)
¿Necesitas tomar tu medicina?
Do you need to take your medicine?
(nehsehSEEtahs tohMAHR too mehdtheeSEEnah)
¿Está bien? ¿Qué necesita?
Is he ok? What does he need?
(ehsTAH byehn keh nehsehSEEtah)
Mi esposo está mareado. Necesita sentarse.
My husband is dizzy. He needs to sit down.
(mee ehsPOHsoh ehsTAH mahrehAHdthoh
nehsehSEEtah sehnTAHRseh)
Me siento mareada. ¿Hay algún doctor aquí?
I feel dizzy. Are there any doctors here?
(meh SYEHNtoh mahrehAHdthah ay ahlGOON
dohkTOHR ahKEE)
Sí. ¡Necesito que llame a una ambulancia!
Yes. I need you to call an ambulance!
any hospital close
(see nehsehSEEtoh keh YAHmeh ah OOnah
ahmbooLAHNsyah)
un hospital cerca
(oon ohspeeTAHL SEHRkah)
Me siento mal. ¿Hay alguna clínica cerca?
I feel bad. Are there any clinics close by?
Are there any doctors here?
(meh SYEHNtoh mahl ay ahlGOOnah KLEEneekah
SEHRkah)
¿Hay algún doctor aquí?
(ay ahlGOON dohkTOHR ahKEE)
No. There aren't any.
No. No hay ninguno.
(No. There aren't none.)
(noh noh ay neenGOOnoh)
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No hay ninguna clínica cerca.
There aren't any clinics close by.
(noh ay neenGOOnah KLEEneekah SEHRkah)
There aren't any doctors. Should I call an
ambulance?
No hay ningún doctor. ¿Llamo a la ambulancia?
(There aren't none doctor. I call to the ambulance?)
(noh ay neenGOON dohkTOHR YAHmoh ah lah
ahmbooLAHNsyah)
Disculpe, ¿qué dice este letrero?
Excuse me, what does this sign say?
(deesKOOLpeh keh DEEseh EHSteh lehTREHroh)
Dice "No pasar".
No entiendo. ¿Puede repetirlo, por favor?
I don't understand. Can you repeat it, please?
(noh ehnTYEHNdoh PWEHdtheh rrehpehTEERloh
pohr fahBOHR)
Dice "No Pasar".
Bueno, gracias por su ayuda.
Well, thank you for your help.
(BWEHnoh GRAHsyahs pohr soo ahYOOdthah)
De nada.
You are welcome.
(deh NAHdthah)
No entiendo.
I don't understand.
(noh ehnTYEHNdoh)
No entiendo. ¿Puede hablar más despacio?
I don't understand. Can you speak slower?
Louder, please. I don't understand.
I don't understand the handwriting!
I don't understand this word.
(noh ehnTYEHNdoh PWEHdtheh ahBLAHR mahs
dehsPAHseeoh)
Más alto, por favor. No entiendo.
(mahs AHLtoh pohr fahBOHR noh ehnTYEHNdoh)
¡No entiendo la letra!
(noh ehnTYEHNdoh lah LEHtrah)
No entiendo esta palabra.
(noh ehnTYEHNdoh EHStah pahLAHbrah)
the sign says
(ehl lehTREHroh DEEseh sahLEEdthah deh
ehmehrHEHNseeah)
el letrero dice
(ehl lehTREHroh DEEseh)
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English
Spanish
El letrero dice "Peligro. No pasar".
The sign says "Danger. Do not enter."
(ehl lehTREHroh DEEseh pehLEEgroh noh pahSAHR)
No entendí. ¿Qué dijo?
I didn't understand. What did you say?
(noh ehntehnDEE keh DEEhoh)
I don't understand Italian. What did he say?
No entiendo italiano. ¿Qué dijo?
(noh ehnTYEHNdoh eetahLYAHnoh keh DEEhoh)
¿Puede repetirlo?
Can you repeat it?
(PWEHdtheh rrehpehTEERloh)
No escuché bien. ¿Puede repetirlo, por favor?
I didn't hear well. Can you repeat it, please?
(noh ehskooCHEH byehn PWEHdtheh
rrehpehTEERloh pohr fahBOHR)
Hay mucho ruido aquí. ¿Puede repetirlo?
There's a lot of noise here. Can you repeat it?
(ay MOOchoh RWEEdthoh ahKEE PWEHdtheh
rrehpehTEERloh)
No entendí eso. ¿Puede repetirlo?
I didn't understand that. Can you repeat it?
(noh ehntehnDEE EHsoh PWEHdtheh
rrehpehTEERloh)
¿Qué significa?
What does it mean?
(keh seegneeFEEkah)
¿Qué significa esto?
What does this mean?
(keh seegneeFEEkah EHStoh)
Esto significa que no puede pasar.
This means that you can't enter.
(EHStoh seegneeFEEkah keh noh PWEHdtheh
pahSAHR)
¿Qué significa esta palabra?
What does this word mean?
(keh seegneeFEEkah EHStah pahLAHbrah)
¿Esta palabra significa peligro?
Does this word mean danger?
(EHStah pahLAHbrah seegneeFEEkah pehLEEgroh)
¿Eso significa que no puedo usar mi teléfono
Does that mean that I can't use my cell phone?
It means nothing.
celular?
(EHsoh seegneeFEEkah keh noh PWEHdthoh
ooSAHR mee tehLEHfohnoh sehlooLAHR)
No significa nada.
(noh seegneeFEEkah NAHdthah)
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English
Spanish
(GRAHsyahs pohr ehkspleeKAHRmeh EHStoh)
explaining this to me
explicarme esto
(to explain this to me)
(ehkspleeKAHRmeh EHStoh)
Gracias por explicarme esta palabra.
Thank you for explaining this word to me.
(GRAHsyahs pohr ehkspleeKAHRmeh EHStah
pahLAHbrah)
Gracias por la explicación.
Thank you for the explanation.
(GRAHsyahs pohr lah ehkspleekahSYOHN)
¡Ahora entendí! Gracias por su tiempo.
I understood now! Thank you for your time.
(ahOHrah ehntehnDEE GRAHsyahs pohr soo
TYEHMpoh )
Sí, entendemos. Gracias por su ayuda.
Yes, we understand. Thanks for your help.
(see ehntehnDEHmohs GRAHsyahs pohr soo
ahYOOdthah)
Disculpe, ¿cómo se pronuncia esta palabra?
Excuse me. How is this word pronounced?
"Estacionamiento."
"Estacionamiento." Is that ok?
(deesKOOLpeh KOHmoh seh prohNOONsyah EHStah
pahLAHbrah)
"Estacionamiento".
(ehstahsyohnahMYEHNtoh)
"Estacionamiento" ¿Está bien?
(ehstahsyohnahMYEHNtoh ehsTAH byehn)
Perfecto. ¡Usted es bueno con el español!
Perfect. You are good at Spanish!
Oh, no. I'm learning it.
(pehrFEHKtoh oosTEHDTH ehs BWEHnoh kohn ehl
ehspahNYOHL)
Oh, no. Estoy aprendiéndolo.
(oh noh ehsTOY ahprehnDYEHNdohloh)
Usted debe ser un buen alumno entonces.
(oosTEHDTH DEHbeh sehr oon bwehn ahLOOMnoh
ehnTOHNsehs)
Bueno, estudio un poco cada día.
Well, I study a bit each day.
Are you learning Italian?
(BWEHnoh ehsTOOdthyoh oon POHkoh KAHdthah
DEEah)
(ehsTOY ahprehnDYEHNdoh ehspahNYOHL)
¿Está aprendiendo italiano?
(ehsTAH ahprehnDYEHNdoh eetahLYAHnoh )
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English
Spanish
Sí, estoy aprendiéndolo.
Yes, I'm learning it.
(see ehsTOY ahprehnDYEHNdohloh)
No estoy aprendiendo italiano.
I'm not learning Italian.
(noh ehsTOY ahprehnDYEHNdoh eetahLYAHnoh)
Estoy aprendiendo español. ¿Podemos hablar en
I'm learning Spanish. Can we speak in Spanish?
español?
(ehsTOY ahprehnDYEHNdoh ehspahNYOHL
pohDTHEHmohs ahBLAHR ehn ehspahNYOHL)
¡Claro! Podemos hablar en español si quiere.
Sure! We can speak in Spanish if you want.
(KLAHroh pohDTHEHmohs ahBLAHR ehn
ehspahNYOHL see KYEHreh)
Si quieres podemos aprender juntos.
If you want, we can learn together.
How is it pronounced?
How do I pronounce this word?
(see KYEHrehs pohDTHEHmohs ahprehnDEHR
HOONtohs)
(KOHmoh seh prohNOONsyah EHStah pahLAHbrah)
¿Cómo se pronuncia?
(KOHmoh seh prohNOONsyah)
¿Cómo pronuncio esta palabra?
(KOHmoh prohNOONsyoh EHStah pahLAHbrah)
¿Estoy pronunciando esta palabra correctamente?
Am I pronouncing this word correctly?
You are not pronouncing it well.
(ehsTOY prohnoonSYAHNdoh EHStah pahLAHbrah
kohrrehktahMEHNteh)
No está pronunciándolo bien.
(noh ehsTAH prohnoonSYANdohloh byehn)
¿Está aprendiendo a hablar español?
Are you learning to speak Spanish?
(ehsTAH ahprehnDYEHNdoh ah ahBLAHR
ehspahNYOHL)
Sí. ¿Estoy pronunciándolo correctamente?
Yes. Am I pronouncing it correctly?
Your pronunciation is excellent!
(see ehsTOY prohnoonSYANdohloh
kohrrehktahMEHNteh)
(soo prohnoonsyahSYOHN ehs pehrFEHKtah)
¡Tu pronunciación es excelente!
(too prohnoonsyahSYOHN ehs ehksehLEHNteh)
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English
Excellent job! Well done.
Very well done!
I study a little bit.
No. Only a little bit every day.
Spanish
¡Excelente trabajo! Bien hecho.
(ehksehLEHNteh trahBAHhoh byehn EHchoh)
¡Muy bien hecho!
(mwee byehn EHchoh)
(ehsTOOdthyoh oon POHkoh KAHdthah DEEah)
Estudio un poco.
(ehsTOOdthyoh oon POHkoh)
No. Sólo un poco cada día.
(noh SOHloh oon POHkoh KAHdthah DEEah)
You must be a student.
a good student
Your Spanish is very good.
You must practice more.
I must practice more then.
(DEHbeh sehr oon bwehn ahLOOMnoh
ehnTOHNsehs)
Debe ser un alumno.
(DEHbeh sehr oon ahLOOMnoh)
un buen alumno
(oon bwehn ahLOOMnoh)
Su español es muy bueno.
(soo ehspahNYOHL ehs mwee BWEHnoh)
Debe practicar más.
(DEHbeh prahkteeKAHR mahs)
Debo practicar más entonces.
(DEHboh prahkteeKAHR mahs ehnTOHNsehs)
¿Puedo hablar español con usted entonces?
Can I speak Spanish with you then?
(PWEHdthoh ahBLAHR ehspahNYOHL kohn
oosTEHDTH ehnTOHNsehs)
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Cultural Notes
"Good afternoon" (Buenas tardes) is used from 12pm all the way until around 7pm.
In Spanish, Buenas noches can be used as both a greeting and a farewell.
In most Spanish speaking countries when entering a home it is customary to greet everyone in the room
by shaking his or her hand when you enter. It is also customary for two women, or a man and a woman
who know each other well, to kiss on the cheek.
The number of English/Spanish bilinguals in Mexico is increasing. Over the past couple of years, a great
number of schools have incorporated many English courses. On the other hand, a lot of indigenous
dialects spoken in the country have been losing speakers.
In many countries in Latin America people are very friendly towards foreigners. Don't be surprised if they
approach to you to say hi and ask questions about where you are from and what you're doing in their
country.
María is one of the most common names in Spanish. It is a Catholic name that makes reference to the
Virgin Mary. The use of biblical names is very common in Spanish speaking countries. For example, a
common male name is Jesús which means Jesus.
Other popular male names in Spanish are: Pedro, Juan and José which also have biblical origins. For
females, Guadalupe, Claudia and Laura are among the most common names.
Introducing people is very important for Spanish speakers in Latin America. You should always remember
to introduce everyone to each other. It is considered bad manners if you don't.
In many Spanish speaking countries you will likely see signs that read, "W.C." This stands for "wash
closet." Also, in most Latin American countries, bathrooms have a drawing attached to the doors that
clearly identifies the men's and women's rooms. For example, a pipe might identify the men's room, and
a hand-held fan, the ladies' room. However, sometimes they only use a sign that says caballeros
(gentlemen) and damas (ladies).
Sometimes there may be a small fee to enter public restrooms. It is also a good idea to carry your own
toilet tissue as bathroom attendants will only give you a certain amount. Both in public restrooms and in
people's homes, flushing toilet paper causes problems in the sewer system. Throw the paper into the
small trash can provided.
Public Transportation is a good way to move around in most Latin American cities. There are city buses
(autobuses), subways (metro), vans (camionetas), and taxis. Many of these modes of transportation
are cheap. However, walking is the cheapest and most popular way to explore a new city.
The different forms of public transportation are called by different names depending on which Latin
American country you are in. In Mexico you may hear camión, colectivo, or urbano for buses. Public
vans in Mexico are called peseras, micros , or combis. La guagua is a famous name for the bus in
Cuba, while lanchones is used in Peru.
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Exploring a new city is sometimes exciting and scary at the same time. Don't be afraid to ask the locals
for help. You will find that people are usually friendly when you ask for directions. Also, remember that
most cities in Latin America are walkable, and you'll see that places are not very far away.
There are many beautiful places to visit in Latin America. There are famous archeological sites such as
Palenque, and Chichén Itzá in Mexico; Peten in Guatemala; or Machu Picchu in Peru. There are
also many beautiful mountains, parks, and beaches like Cancún in Mexico; El Salto de Ángel in
Venezuela; La Catedral de Sal in Bogota; or Las Torres del Paine in Chile.
When buying products from a salesperson on the streets of Mexico and other Latin American countries,
it is common to negotiate the price. You can get a good discount if you make the seller believe that you
are very interested in their product, but that you think it is too expensive. In Spanish, this is called
regatear (to bargain).
Did you know that although pesos are used in many Latin American countries, it is not the only currency
of Latin America? Costa Rica, for example, uses colones (named after Christopher Columbus); Perú
uses soles; Guatemala uses quetzales; Honduras uses lempiras; Bolivia uses bolivianos, and there
are even more.
In many areas of Latin America bartering (trueque) is still a common practice.
Stores in Mexico usually open around 10:00 a.m. and close late in the evening, around 8:00 p.m. Some
of them may have a small break between 2:00 and 4:00p.m. for lunch.
Even though many countries like Mexico have big department stores, there are still lots of small stores
and markets where you can buy all kinds of groceries. Be sure to ask the locals about their markets.
In Mexico, there are special markets known as tianguis. The word comes from the indigenous language
Nahuatl , and means "they are only in town for one day." The concept is similar to a free market and
you can basically find all kinds of tianguis. There are different ones for food, groceries, clothes, furniture,
books, pets, and even cars. You will be surprised by the things you can find there!
You will find that the menus in many Latin American countries are generally divided into entradas
(starters), plato principal (main course), bebidas (drinks) and postres (desserts). If you choose to
eat out you may find it interesting to try the plato del día literally, "plate of the day" and, if you like to
enjoy your meal surrounded by nature, you can go to restaurants that have comidas para llevar
(take-out food).
Paella is a very popular dish in Spain and southern Latin American countries like Argentina. Its main
ingredients are rice, vegetables and sea-food (such as lobster and shrimp). Some paellas are also
cooked with meat or chicken but all of them have saffron, the ingredient that gives the paella its
characteristic color.
Each country in South America has a unique cuisine due to the different history, geography, and culture
that each of them possess. The result is a wide variety of traditions and flavors. So, if you like chicken,
meat, or pasta you will find plenty of choices that will satisfy you. Don't worry if you are vegetarian!
Many native foods are elaborated with vegetables and different herbs.
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Did you know that the seeds of chocolate were discovered 2,000 years ago in America? The first people
known to have tasted the chocolate were the ancient cultures of Mexico and Central America. The seeds
of chocolate were then taken to Spain and used in a wide variety of recipes. It was at that moment that
its popularity was spread throughout Europe and it still remains as one of the world's favorite flavors.
In Latin America it is very common to use the expression "buen provecho" which roughly translates to,
"enjoy your meal." But be careful! Common does not mean correct! Consequently, try to avoid it if you
are having a formal meal.
Traveling by taxi may be one of the cheapest ways of getting around in Latin America. However, if you
are planning to use a taxi, always remember to take authorized taxis with all the familiar markings (like a
yellow car with the white taxi light on the roof). And if you are at the airport or important bus station, it is
a good idea to buy your ticket from a clearly marked taxi booth.
Always remember to research your destination before leaving and, as you are packing, think twice about
the valuables you need to take! It is always recommended not to travel with things that you won't use.
The use of credit and debit cards is really convenient, but don't forget to have a back-up plan in case you
lose your card (or have it swallowed by an ATM). It is always a good idea to travel with some traveler's
check or a small amount of cash, just in case.
When dealing with numbers, pay attention to the use of commas and periods. Some countries in Latin
America, like Argentina for example, use periods instead of commas to separate thousands, and they
also use commas instead of periods to mark the decimal units. So, in Argentina 5,000 would be 5.000
and 29.99 would be 29,99.
In Latin America, emergency telephone numbers are usually a three-digit number that may differ from
country to country. In Mexico, depending on where you are you will dial 066, 060 or 080 for emergency
services. And, the emergency numbers in Guatemala are 110, 120 and 123. So, be sure to look for the
number before entering a country and to have it on hand, just in case.
Traveling may be an extremely interesting and joyful experience but, did you know that the chances of
contracting illnesses increase when traveling? Therefore, you should be prepared for such risks and seek
appropriate advice before leaving your country. Ask your doctor for medicines you may need to take with
you and whether there is a particular tablet or shot you are required to take before entering the country.
South America is a fascinating continent with plenty of gorgeous places to visit and friendly people to
meet! But when visiting a country there, just like when you visit any other country in the world, you need
to take a few basic safety precautions. These include protecting your valuables by leaving them at home,
trying not to look like a tourist when you go out and being cautious when using ATMs. In short, always rely
on your common sense for your own safety and enjoy your travels, but be safe!
Did you know that altitude sickness is a common illness for those going to altitudes over 2,438 m? Well,
be aware the highest point in Argentina is 6,960 m! Chile reaches as high as 6,880m! And, Peru's
highest point is 6,768 m! So, if you are planning to visit countries such as Perú, Chile or Argentina you
should consult your doctor before as there are some treatments for altitude sickness that can be
prescribed.
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Most people that travel to Latin America do not need medical attention. But accidents may happen
anywhere! So, take into account that if you are in a remote or rural area and are in need of a doctor, you
may want to travel to a bigger town or city where modern facilities will be available.
In Latin America, you will hear people say celular, which is the short form of teléfono celular.
Did you know that Spanish is the second most spoken language in the world in terms of the amount of
people who speak it as their first language?
Did you know Spanish is one of the world's most phonetic languages? This means that if you know how to
spell a word, you can almost always know how to pronounce it.
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Grammar Notes
Did you notice that "Good morning" is Buenos días, but "Good afternoon" is Buenas tardes? This is
because in Spanish every noun has either a masculine or feminine gender, and the adjective has to
reflect this gender. You will learn more about this later in this chapter.
Estar is only one of two verbs meaning "to be" in Spanish. It is often used for temporary states of "to
be."
In Spanish, está is the form of the verb estar used when saying "he/she is" or "you are" in a formal way.
Notice that the formal way to say "you are" (está) becomes estás when used informally.
In Spanish, the use of pronouns is not necessary when the person whom you are speaking about is easily
understood from context. This is because in Spanish the verb endings change to indicate the person
being referred to. It's not always necessary to use the informal "you" (tú) because it is reflected in the
verb ending. But, the formal form of "you" (usted) is often used. This is because it is not totally obvious
from the form of the verb whom the speaker is referring to. Está is used for usted (you [formal]), él
(he), and ella (she). This is something that happens with all the verbs in Spanish. Keep in mind that
these three persons will always have the same form of the verb just like in English when we say "he is,"
"she is," and "it is."
Remember you could have also said, "¿Cómo está?" without saying ella as long as the person whom you
are speaking about is clear from the context of the conversation.
Ella está bien is also correct.
Did you answer Está cansado or *Ella está cansado? This is almost correct. However, in Spanish
the adjective must reflect the gender of the noun it modifies. In general, masculine nouns and their
adjectives end in "-o," and feminine nouns and adjectives end in "-a."
Since in Spanish all adjectives have to agree with the gender of the noun they modify, in this course we
will adopt the masculine gender as the default. Remember the masculine gender is usually indicated by
an "-o" at the end of the word. Moving forward, we will be sure to let you know when to use the feminine
gender.
Did you say *un bueno día? Good guess! However, if an adjective ending in "-o" comes before a
singular masculine noun, then we drop the "-o." Again, this only happens if the adjective comes before
the noun. For example, we say un hombre bueno (a good man) but un buen hombre (a good man)
if the adjective comes first. Remember, this rule only applies to singular masculine nouns. So buenos
días always gets to keep the "-o"!
The imperative verb form is the command form. That is, we use the imperative form to give commands
like "Stop!" or "Hurry!" and so on.
Que is the relative pronoun "that" as in, "I hope that you have a good day."
Did you notice there is no word in Spanish equivalent to the English “do” when used in questions?
Remember that personal pronouns are not necessary in Spanish. Try the following question without the
pronoun usted.
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Did you remember that in Spanish él, ella and usted use the same form of the verb? Therefore, we
have él habla, ella habla or usted habla with the verb hablar.
Do you remember that in Spanish there is no equivalent to "do" when used in questions? Well, similarly in
negation there is no equivalent to "don't", you simply use "no".
In Spanish, de is used for both "from" and "of." But don't worry, the context of the conversation will help
you decide which one is being used!
Do you remember "to be" is also estar in Spanish? This is because "to be" using the verb ser is used for
states of being that do not change; for example, Soy una mujer. (I am a woman). Whereas, Estar is
used for states of being that can change; for example, Estoy cansada (I am tired).
Did you notice that the English personal pronoun "they" has two Spanish equivalents: ellas and ellos?
Did you get it right? You might have said son mexicano. Remember that in Spanish there are singular
and plural nouns, as well as adjectives that apply to every person. Therefore, son referring to "they are,"
needs a plural adjective such as mexicanos.
Did you say, "*¿Cómo usted se llama?" Good guess! However, personal pronouns like usted, etc.,
can either come at the beginning or end of the sentence. So, you can say, ¿Usted cómo se llama? or
Llamarse is a reflexive verb. Reflexive verbs show that the action of the subject of the sentence is
being carried out on the subject itself. That is why "to call" (llamar) alone is not reflexive because this
can mean that I call you on the phone. However, if you want to say that I call myself, as in "my name is,"
I am performing the action on myself, so I would use the reflexive verb llamarse (to call oneself), and
say me llamo, literally "I call myself." For he / she and you (formal) the pronoun is se, so you say, Él se
llama, etc.
Did you notice that se from the end of the verb llamarse moved to the front when we said usted se
llama?
Notice how se llama can be used to refer to he, she or the formal you. This is similar to the use of está
and many other verbs.
For this next slide, remember that in Spanish, when the person you are referring to can be understood
from the context of the conversation, it is not necessary to use the pronoun.
Did you say *ellos se llama? This is almost correct. However, similar to how verbs change their ending
to agree with the subject of the sentence, they must also agree with the subject in number, that is,
singular or plural. This is why se llama changed to se llaman to create the plural form of llamarse.
For this next slide remember that "he is / she is / it is" and "you are (formal)" all use the same form of
the verb.
Remember that ser is used for permanent states such as Soy María (I'm Maria), which is something that
would not normally change, or Soy de México (I'm from Mexico).
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In Spanish, it is not common to say "This is ...," and then the name, to introduce a person. Instead we
say "He is ..." or "She is...," and then the person's name or relationship to the person introducing them.
Did you say *mi amigos? If you did, no biggie. Just remember that mi (my) has to agree in number with
the noun amigos (friends). So, the correct answer is the plural form mis amigos.
Conocer can be both to meet or to know. But don't worry, you will know which meaning is being used by
the context of the conversation.
You may also hear people say Es un placer conocerlo. Placer literally means "pleasure." So, you can
use either Es un gusto conocerlo or Es un placer conocerlo. Both phrases have the same
meaning.
Did you remember that most adjectives have a masculine and feminine form? Usually adjectives that
describe a male will end with an "-o" like perdido (lost) and listo (ready), whereas adjectives that
describe a female will end with an "-a" such as perdida and lista.
Although many times the use of personal pronouns in Spanish is optional, they are used when we want
to add emphasis. In this next slide, add emphasis to who is tired and who is bored.
Bus stop (la parada de autobús) can literally be translated, "the stop of bus." In Spanish, when a
noun works as a modifier, for example "bus" in "bus stop," these two words are usually joined with the
preposition de (of).
You might have said, "¿Dónde está las llaves?" Almost, but remember that llaves (keys) is plural,
so we must make the verb plural. The correct answer is ¿Dónde están las llaves?
You might have said la mapa. However, mapa is one of the exceptions to the general rule that
masculine nouns end with "-o." Mapa is actually a masculine noun. So, "the map" is el mapa.
Recall that in Spanish, many times pronouns like, you/ he/ she/ and it, are not used since the subject of
the sentence is reflected on the verb. Therefore, when we say "it is," we only use the proper form of the
verb ser or estar.
Countries in Latin America do not use miles to measure distance. Distance is measured in kilometers
(kilómetros). One mile is about 1.6 kilometers.
Did you notice the little word a? It doesn't have a real meaning here. Just remember that it's necessary
to always use a between the verb estar and the distance.
Pay attention to this little verb ir. It does not follow the regular verb pattern that we have seen so far.
In order to say "to" or "towards" you can use a or hacia. Both prepositions are equivalent in this
context.
Did you say *uno mapa? That's almost correct. However, recall the phrase buen día (good day) and
how bueno dropped the -o when it preceded the masculine noun día. For this same reason uno drops
the -o when followed by a masculine noun and we say, un mapa.
Did you say una llave? Well done! This shows that the feminine form of the number uno is una.
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When forming the plural of postal you may have said *postals. That's close. However, in Spanish, to
make the plural of a noun that ends with a consonant, you have to add -es to the end of the noun.
That's why the plural of postal is postales.
In English, we use "a little bit" when referring to uncountable nouns like milk, money, and water, and "a
few" when referring to countable things like maps and postcards. However, in Spanish the same word is
used for both. The only trick is to make poco plural for the countable nouns. For example, Tengo
poco dinero (I have a little bit of money), but Tengo pocos mapas (I have few maps). Generally if in
English we would use "few," then in Spanish you will use pocos or pocas.
Did you answer *¿Cuánto cuesta tres boletos? You were almost correct, but remember that verbs
in Spanish have to agree with the noun in gender and in number. Cuesta literally means "it costs."
Cuestan is the plural form (they cost). Therefore the correct answer is ¿Cuánto cuestan tres
boletos?
The Spanish numbers for 16 to 29 are easy! They are actually contractions. For example, 16 is diez
(ten) and seis (six), dieciséis. And, 21 is veinte (20) and uno (one), veintiuno. Remember this rule
when saying the following numbers!
Numbers treinta y uno (thirty-one) through noventa y nueve (ninety-nine) are really easy! These
numbers are formed by combining the tens and the single digits with y (and). Remember this rule for
the next set of numbers!
In Spanish, many times you don't need to use pronouns because the verb ending tells whom you are
talking about. Well, gustar (to like) is a special verb in Spanish, it always needs an accompanying
pronoun. For example, me gusta (I like), le gusta (he/ she likes; you [formal] like), and so on.
You might have said *ese camiseta. Like adjectives and other describing words in Spanish, "this,"
"that," "these," and "those" also need to agree with the gender of the noun they describe. So the correct
answer is esa camiseta.
Did you remember to change listo to lista because Maria is a female?
Did you remember to change listo to listos to indicate that it is plural?
Did you notice that español changed to española? This is just another example of gender
agreement. Since paella is a feminine noun it's adjective must agree and also become feminine.
You may recall that que is the relative pronoun "that." However, qué with the accent over the "e" is the
question word, "what." So in Spanish, one little accent mark can change the meaning of a word!
Do you remember that in Spanish in order to say "to" we used the preposition a? You may have noticed
that in this case we said al, not a. That is because al is actually a union of a and el from el
restaurante.
You might hear people say Disculpe or Lo siento to mean "I'm sorry." These two phrases can
generally be used interchangeably. However, Disculpe can be used to say "I'm sorry" or "Excuse me",
while Lo siento is generally used only to say "I'm sorry." Don't worry about when to use them! The
context will help you decide.
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Pay attention to this new word adónde and learn how to differentiate it from dónde. Dónde means
"where" and is used to ask questions about the location of something. Adónde, on the other hand, is
the form used to inquire about the destination of someone or something, as in "to where..."
Consequently, in Spanish you would say, ¿Adónde vas? (To where are you going?) However, you can
not say "*To where is the book?" Instead you say, "Where is the book?" (¿Dónde está el libro?).
Do you recall that tarde can also mean "afternoon" and "late?" If you forgot, don't worry! You will know
which tarde is being used by the context of the conversation.
Did you remember that in Spanish the "h" is always silent?
Do you see the pattern here? Now try to apply this pattern to the new verb you just learned.
You have seen that verbs in Spanish must reflect their subject. Most follow a regular pattern. Given the
verb hablar (to speak) and habla (you speak, formal), try to guess the answer to this next slide.
Numbering in the hundreds also follows a regular pattern in Spanish. That makes it easy, right? All you
have to do is add -to to the end of the word hundred. For example one hundred twenty is ciento
veinte and one hundred sixteen is ciento dieciséis.
Did you notice that because two is plural we have to add an -s? This is why we say ciento doce (one
hundred twelve), but doscientos doce (two hundred twelve).
Did you notice that the words used in Spanish to show possession have singular and plural forms in order
to agree with the noun? So, you will say mi tarjeta de crédito (my credit card) but mis tarjetas de
débito (my debit cards). You say su cheque del viajero (your traveler's check) but sus dólares
(your dollars).
Did you notice that se acepta (is accepted) changed to se aceptan (are accepted)? Remember the
verb must always agree with the subject. So, since tarjetas de crédito is plural, we add the -n to end
of the verb to make it plural as well.
The word nada means "nothing" and it can often mean "anything" as well.
Did you notice that in Spanish you can negate a sentence twice? That's because in Spanish double
negatives are very common, so you will frequently hear people saying No pasa nada (Nothing
happens), No tengo nada (I have nothing), No quiero nada (I want nothing). This generally happens
when nada is right after the verb so, you first negate the verb and then add the word nada.
Creating the -ing form in Spanish generally follows a regular pattern. For verbs that end in -ar you simply
drop the last -r of the verb and add -ndo. For verbs that end in -er or -ir you drop this ending and add iendo. So, pasar becomes pasando, comer changes to comiendo, and subir becomes subiendo
etc.
¿Qué pasa contigo? and ¿Qué pasó contigo? can also be used interchangeably to mean "What's
wrong with you?"
Did you notice that you need to use me before the verb caí?
Did you notice that sentirse is another reflexive verb? Remember that reflexive verbs mean the action
of the subject is being carried out on the subject itself. You must always include the pronoun with
reflexive verbs. So, he feels is Él se siente.
For this next slide see if you can remember the Spanish relative pronoun 'that', as in, "I hope that you
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For this next slide see if you can remember the Spanish relative pronoun 'that', as in, "I hope that you
have a good day."
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Just a heads up, fiebre is a feminine noun.
Heads up! Desamayarse is not the main verb in this next sentence. This means we will not change its
ending.
Did you notice that in Spanish we don't use the possessive to refer to the part of the body that hurts? In
English you say "My head hurts", but in Spanish you say ¡Me duele la cabeza! (not ¡Me duele mi
cabeza!).
In Spanish, the structure ya no always goes at the beginning of the sentence. Remember this rule for
the next line!
You might have said *¿Quiere que llamo? or *¿Quiere que llamar? However in Spanish, we use the
subjunctive form of the verb when we want to convey Wishes, Impersonal Expressions, Emotions,
Requests, Doubts/ Desires, Opinions, Negative Commands, Uncertainty, or Tentativeness. (You can
remember these with the acronym "WEIRDO NUT.") In Spanish, this generally means that if the verb
ends in -ar you drop this ending and add an -e. And, if the verb ends in -er or -ir, you will drop this and
add an -a. So, the subjunctive form of llamar is llame.
For this next slide remember that when you give a negative command, you need to drop the -r and
change the last vowel accordingly to form the subjunctive form of the verb.
Did you remember the "h" is always silent in Spanish?
Recall how Spanish allows for the use of double negatives. This is why we say, "There aren't none,"
instead of, "There aren't any."
Did you say *ninguno doctor? Very close! However, remember what you learned about how adjectives
drop the final -o when they precede a masculine noun. Therefore, if we were referring to a female doctor
we would say, ninguna doctora.
Entender (to understand) is an irregular verb like costar (to cost) and decir (to say). Be careful with
these verbs because their conjugations do not follow the same pattern regular verbs do.
As you can see, it is easy to use comparatives in Spanish! Generally speaking, in Spanish, you only have
to add the word más (more) to the adjective, for example: más alto (louder), más despacio (slower).
Did you notice that este became esta in order to agree with the gender of palabra?
Did you remember that you use the same form of the verb for he/ she/ it and you (formal)?
You probably recall that for is also para. Both por and para mean "for." Para is usually used to
indicate an end point, goal or target. For example, Este es para usted. Por usually indicates an
intermediate point of time. For example, por dos horas. Or, when used to indicate exchange, as in,
"thank you for..."
Do you remember the pattern we used to change bajar (to get off) to bajamos (we get off)? Keep this
in mind for the next slide.
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Did you notice that this si does not have the accent? In Spanish, you add the accent to this word when
you use it to say an affirmative sentence, for example: Sí, quiero hablar español (Yes, I want to
speak Spanish). You will use si without the accent when it represents a condition, for example:
Podemos hablar español si quieres (We can speak Spanish if you want). So, generally speaking,
when in English you say "yes" you have to use the accent and when you say "if" you don't use it.
Did you notice that perfecto changed to the feminine form perfecta? By now you know that this is
because pronunciación is a feminine noun.
Are you recognizing a pattern?
Sólo means "only." But, solo without the accent means "alone."
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Spanish - Mango Languages

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