news enginyers xina

Transcripción

news enginyers xina

NEWS
ENGINYERS
XINA
2015 // ABRIL - MAIG
伟人,是谁他不会失去他的孩子的心脏。
THE GREAT MAN IS HE WHO DOES NOT LOSE HIS
CHILD’S-HEART.
Mengzi (孟子), 372 – 289 BCE
NEWS ENGINYERS XINA 2015 // ABRIL - MAIG | 1
Comissió de Política Industrial i Innovació Tecnològica
del Col·legi d’Enginyers Industrials de Catalunya
Equip de redacció:
Alfonso Auguet, Joaquim Calsina, Sergi Escorihuela, Albert Ferrari, Irene Fiol, Ricard Granados, Jordi Guix, Joan Maurel, i
Carles Palomo, amb la col·laboració d’ACC10 de la Generalitat de Catalunya, de Casa Àsia de Barcelona,
Martha Hobart d’AiB Traductors i Intèrprets.
Maquetació i Disseny Gràfic:
Carles Ivanco
Difusió del NEWS:
Aquesta edició del NEWS està a l’abast de més de
10.000 enginyers i s’envia per correu electrònic a
tots els/les enginyers/res que hagin manifestat el
seu interès a rebre’l; a tots els/les assistents/tes
de les jornades que s’han organitzat i a les empreses que s’han instal·lat a la Xina i ens donin
la corresponent autorització. També es fa difusió
als 35.000 ex-alumnes de la UPC a través d’UPCALUMNI. En tot cas, d’acord amb la Llei 15/1999,
de 13 de desembre, de Protecció de Dades de Caràcter Personal, t’informem que les teves dades
personals s’incorporaran als fitxers del Col·legi
Oficial i de l’Associació d’Enginyers Industrials de
Catalunya, amb domicili a la Via Laietana, 39, de
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Entenem que les dades personals facilitades són
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ref. LOPD, adreçat al Col·legi Oficial i l’Associació
d’Enginyers Industrials de Catalunya, a Via Laietana, 39, 08003 Barcelona.
El Col·legi i l’Associació d’Enginyers Industrials
de Catalunya tenen interès que aquest NEWS
funcioni amb eficàcia i acompleixi les finalitats
per les quals s’ha creat, però no es fa responsable del contingut, exactitud i actualització de la
informació que prové d’altres persones físiques o
jurídiques, ni es fa responsable ni s’identifica amb
els comentaris i opinions inclosos en els articles
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Col·legi d’Enginyers Industrials de Catalunya · c/ Via Laietana 39 08003 Barcelona
Tel. 933 192 300 / 935 572 049 · www.eic.cat
SUMARI
NEWS ENGINYERS XINA 2015 // ABRIL - MAIG
04 CORRESPONSALS
20 NOTÍCIES
06 EDITORIAL
24 BORSA DE TREBALL
08 INFORMACIÓ I ARTICLES D’OPINIÓ
28 LINKS D’INTERÈS
18 HISTÒRIA
8
16
18
20
24
27
CORRESPONSALS
ENGINYERS
A LA XINA
Coordinadors Enginyers
Xina dels “Chapters”
Shanghai
Beijing
Jiaxing
Suzhou
4 | NEWS ENGINYERS XINA 2015 // ABRIL - MAIG
Hong Kong
Guangzhou
Jiangmen
Kaiping
Shenzhen
SHANGHAI
Alexis Roig
Irene Fiol
Eduard Carreira
Joan Piera
Guillem Pagès
Alexis Lago
Gil Serra
Cristina Castillo
BEIJING
John Waller
JIAXING
Josep Gayolà
SUZHOU
Santi Codina
Javier Ycobalzeta
HONG KONG
Raül Guerra
GUANGZHOU
Miquel Monrós
JIANGMEN
Girbal Balart
Andrés Martin
KAIPING
Albert Ferrari
SHENZHEN
Xavier de Vicente
Marc Boix
EDITORIAL
Xina, a la recerca de talent i innovació
per transformar la seva indústria
China, in pursuit of talent and innovation
to transform its industry
Jordi Renom
President de l’Associació d’Enginyers
Industrials de Catalunya
E
l govern xinès vol canviar el model de producció a costos baixos,
que l’ha convertit en la
fàbrica del món, per un altre de
major valor afegit.
Fa pocs dies l’Econòmic del Punt
Avui publicava les recents declaracions del primer ministre Li Keqiang durant la presentació del pla
anomenat Made in China 2025:
“Buscarem el desenvolupament
impulsat per la innovació, aplicarem tecnologia intel·ligent, enfortirem els fonaments, cercarem el
progrés ecològic i redoblarem els
nostres esforços per fer que la Xina
passi de ser un productor de quantitat a un de qualitat”.
En aquest nou context, l’estratègia
de les autoritats xineses ja no és
la de gestionar l’abundància empresarial com fins ara, en aquests
moments busca estimular i facilitar l’accés a aquest gran mercat
per atreure empreses que encaixin en el nou plantejament.
Chair of the Catalan Association of
Industrial Engineers
Fa pocs mesos varem entrevistar-nos amb representants del
districte de Wuqing de la ciutat de
Tianjin, a través del programa de la
Unió Europea CETREGIO, que promou la col·laboració entre la Xina
i Europa. Estan buscant inversió
i intercanvi en un àrea industrial
high-tech, alhora centre de desenvolupament tecnològic i econòmic
a nivell d’Estat, cap a sectors de més
valor afegit com la indústria farmacèutica (reactius de diagnòstic,
medicaments genèrics...), matèries
bio-farmacèutiques, electrònica,
matèries eficients energèticament i
ambientalment segures.
De fet, algunes ciutats xineses ja
fa temps que estan desplegant
aquest sistema. Ciutats que han
quedat al marge de la industrialització i que en aquest moment busquen una oportunitat a raser de les
noves fites d’innovació, disseny i
sostenibilitat mediambiental.
El cas és que estant cercant a Europa tot allò que els manca: bons
enginyers, patens innovadores, indústria puntera i centres de recerca.
Necessiten portar els intangibles
que té Europa cap a la Xina.
Xina té molt per aprendre d’Europa en urbanització sostenible
com a principal àrea de cooperació, amb l’objectiu de fomentar
el consum intern i créixer d’una
manera més equilibrada. Preveu
accelerar el procés d’urbanització
en els pròxims deu anys, augmentant la seva taxa d’urbanització
una mica més del 50% i vora un
70% cap al 2050, amb inversions
en projectes de desenvolupament
urbà, transport públic, recollida
i tractament de residus, clavegueram, eficiència energètica en
edificis residencials, energies renovables i la voluntat de ser respectuosos al màxim amb el medi
ambient. Aquesta fita els ha portat
a posar en el punt de mira les empreses que proveeixen solucions
ambientals. Mostren interès en la
producció del sector del metall,
l’auxiliar de l’automòbil, la indús-
tria del teixit i en els centres de
disseny i centres tecnològics.
És aquí on les empreses catalanes
i els nostres enginyers tenen una
oportunitat. El Grup Xina permet
acostar els enginyers d’ambdós
territoris, ajudant a entendre millor els models de negoci, la cul-
tura, i oferint noves possibilitats
de col·laboració entre tots aquells
que hi participen. Amb la convicció què l’èxit dels nostres professionals depèn de les seves iniciatives, l’Associació d’Enginyers dóna
suport al Grup d’Enginyers de
Xina amb l’objectiu d’ajudar als
nostres professionals a aconse-
guir els seus propis objectius. Seguim estant presents en els principals òrgans de decisió, seguim
treballant per a la bona praxi de
la professió, generant i impulsant
coneixement i seguim sent escoltats. Per això, volem estar presents
allà on l’economia i la indústria es
mouen.
English Version
The Chinese government wants
to change its low cost production model, which has made it the
world’s factory, into a more value
added model.
A few days ago, Catalan newspaper
El Punt Avui’s magazine l’Econòmic
published Prime Minister Li Keqiang’s recent statements made
at the presentation of the Made in
China 2025 plan:
“We will seek development driven
by innovation, apply smart technology, strengthen the foundations,
strive for environmental progress,
and redouble our efforts to take
China from being a quantity to a
quality manufacturer.”
In this new context, the Chinese
authorities’ strategy is no longer
to manage its business abundance as it has done before. Now
it is looking to encourage and facilitate access to this huge market
to attract companies that fit in
with this new approach.
A few months ago, we met with representatives of the Wuqing district
in Tianjin city as part of the European Union’s CETREGIO programme
to promote cooperation between
China and Europe. They are looking for investment and exchange in
a high-tech industrial area, which is
also the national hub of technological and economic development, to
move towards higher value added
sectors such as the pharmaceutical industry (diagnostic reagents,
generic drugs, etc.), biopharmaceuticals, electronics, and energyefficient and environmentally-safe
materials.
In fact, some Chinese cities have
been deploying this system for
some time now, particularly those
that have been left by the wayside of
industrialisation and are now seeking an opportunity to attain the new
milestones of innovation, design
and environmental sustainability.
The fact is, they are looking to Europe to fill their gaps: good engineers, innovative patents, leading
industry and research centres. They
need to take Europe’s intangibles to
China.
China has much to learn from
Europe on sustainable urban development, as the main sphere of
cooperation, with a view to boosting domestic consumption and
achieving more balanced growth.
Plans are underway to speed up
urbanisation in the coming ten
years, increasing the urbanisation
rate by just over 50% and around
70% by 2050, by investing in ur-
ban development projects, public
transport, waste collection and
treatment, sewers, energy efficiency in residential buildings, renewable energies, and a commitment to being as environmentally
friendly as possible. This target has
put them in the spotlight of companies that provide environmental
solutions. China is showing interest in manufacturing in the metal,
automotive supply and textile industries, as well as in design centres and technology centres.
Herein lies the opportunity for Catalan companies and our engineers.
The China Group brings engineers
from both countries together, contributing to a better understanding
of business and culture, and offering new cooperation possibilities for
those involved. With the firm belief
that our professionals’ success relies
on their own initiatives, the Catalan
Association of Engineers supports
the China Engineers Group, to help
our professionals achieve their
goals. We continue to be present in
the main decision-making bodies
and continue working towards good
practice in the profession, generating and pushing forward knowledge, and we continue to be heard.
This is why we seek to be present
wherever the economy and industry are on the move.
INFORMACIÓ
I ARTICLES
D’OPINIÓ
The ICT market in China
Isabel Gimeno
Asia-Pacific – Consultant
ACCIO
S
ince 2000, the Ministry of Science and Technology has been supporting the Chinese
ICT industry as a major national priority.
The ICT sector is also one of the most important sector in the Chinese National 12th Five Year
Plan.
According this plan, the government will further encourage the construction of the next generation national information infrastructure. The key areas include next generation Internet, convergence of three
networks (Internet, Telecomm and TV Broadcasting), the IoT (Internet of Things), cloud computing,
new display equipment, high-end software, highend servers and information services. In the telecommunication sector, the policy of local innovation
has brought significant progress to the development
of TD-LTE (Time Division Long Term Evolution),
which paved way for the global next-generation mobile LTE system.
The China National Broadband Plan announced that
China will build the next generation information
infrastructure to satisfy the increasing demands for
data throughput. By 2015, to complete broadband
coverage in both urban and rural areas, the penetration rate of fixed-line broadband will reach 50%,
and users of 3G and LTE will reach 32.5% of the total
mobile users. The gap of broadband infrastructure
between China and developed countries will be decreased significantly by 2020.
On the other hand, the Chinese central government
has given support to ICT cluster development, such
as providing favourable land/tax policies, enhancing
local infrastructures, establishing industrial parks
and trading places, organizing trade fairs, supporting technology upgrade of enterprises, and coordinating the link between industry and research.
English Version
The ICT sector is always driven by new, leading
technologies. The technologies of cloud computing, smart terminal, 4G LTE and 3D printing have
made great progress. Cloud computing made a
breakthrough with the rapid growth of the IoT. Smart
terminals can easily access all information by connecting the mobile services. 4G is a successor to the
third generation standards and it brings faster speed
connection and better user experience.
ICT is quite a broad sector. With limited resources,
SMEs have to focus on a specific niche market in
which they have the know-how, the expertise, or
that special product or service which makes them
stand out in the market. In this sense, some of the
opportunities for foreign companies that have competitive advantage can be found in the following
niche markets:
Mobile application: with over a quarter of the Chinese population accessing the Internet through mobile phones, the demand for mobile apps is huge.
According to data collected by a Chinese mobile
advertising firm, 48% of IPhone users and 36% of
Android users spend two hours or more using apps
per day. Those apps include online games, marketing tools for retail business, city navigators, e-commerce, news readers, etc..
IT outsourcing: China’s efforts in becoming a future IT outsourcing powerhouse are supported
by central and local governments. Many science
parks were built in different cities with a focus on
outsourcing services. Within these parks, both foreign and Chinese companies can enjoy favourable
policies. In addition, for well-established foreign
companies in China, who need to outsource part
of their business process, the parks also provide a
great market potential.
Enterprise private clouds: large companies in China are increasingly seeking enhancement of their
management information systems through the
construction of enterprise private cloud. As cloud
computing technology matures and the rate of user
acceptance increases, the technology of enterprise
private clouds will be a key field for large companies in the next few years, which provides great opportunities for SMEs with technology advantages in
this field.
4G LTE: the Chinese government aims to grant 4G
LTE license by the end of 2013. Although large companies will occupy a big market share, in particular
for equipment procurement, SMEs will still have
opportunities to provide small equipment, components, software and other supporting systems.
Internet of things (IoT): the concept of sustainable
development has greatly influenced the policy-making of the Chinese government. In the IoT field, the
Chinese government has realized the huge potential
benefits of energy efficiency trough smart metering,
which offers a special opportunity for the foreign
SMEs. Such applications are characterized by network embedded systems, for example application
specific microprocessors.
Green ICT: ICT infrastructures have been identified
as key element in global strategies for sustainability
across society. Green ICT goes on to address how
the use of smart technology could make many other
processes more efficient. According to forecasts from
McKinsey, smart technology and application could
reduce 15% of carbon emissions, which is very important for China’s sustainable development in the
future. Green ICT technologies and products (smart
meter, smart grid, smart sensors, etc.) will have a
great potential in the next years.
Although the Chinese ICT market is very attractive
to SMEs, the challenges and difficulties faced by foreign businesses entering it should be underestimated. Many companies decide to expand their business in China without doing much market research.
However, the difficulties are greatly reduced once
the company puts enough effort in to understanding
the market. To approach the Chinese ITC market, the
companies have to be in the market, which means
they have to visit China several times per year at least
and talk with the main players in the market like industrial associations, potential partners, customers,
competitors, investors, research firms, etc. In this
way they can collect first-hand information and have
a full understanding on the market at the macro-level as well as micro-level.
Finally, considering the dynamic environment in
the Chinese ITC market (regulations, technologies
advancement, standards, etc.), the foreign companies usually need to partner with industrial leaders
in order to invest in the right direction in terms of
future trends of technology development. In the
Chinese ICT market, although the major standards
and core technologies are dominated by international players, more and more local players are becoming industrial leaders in the domestic market,
and even in international markets. Partnerships
with local Chinese industry leaders are very helpful for foreign SMEs to really understand the market
and develop unique competencies in the industrial
value chain.
The Gateway
to Southern Europe
Juan Dedeu
China Representative
Port de Barcelona
English Version
I
n early February 2015, three members of
the Port of Barcelona attended the 7th WCA
Worldwide Conference in Hong Kong. Mrs
Rosa Puig, Director of the Port of Barcelona,
Mr Carles Mayol, Sales Manager and Mr Joan Dedeu,
the Port of Barcelona’s Delegate for China, were in
Hong Kong to promote the Port to forwarders and
many other professionals related to the shipping industry.
The delegation’s primary interest was to strengthen
and multiply relations with the Asian market, now its
principal partner. Barcelona’s geo-strategic location
means that the shipping routes to and from Asia are
optimised and easy access to Southern Europe and
North Africa put the Port in a privileged position.
The Port of Barcelona has been honing relations
with China for some time now and, since 1999,
has established relations with Chinese companies, such as COSCO IBERIA and China Shipping
(Spain) Agency. In May 2006, the Port of Barcelona awarded a concession to Hutchinson Port
Holdings and Grupo Mestre for the construction
and operation of a new container terminal, Muelle
Prat, as part of the new phase of development of
the Port of Barcelona.
In November 2006, Hutchison Port Holdings (since
2011 the only remaining investor), initiated construction of the Muelle Prat terminal. In 2012, the
terminal was officially named Barcelona Europe
South Terminal (BEST) and entered a new phase of
testing. BEST was officially inaugurated on 27 September 2012.
Reference: Barcelona Europe South Terminal (BEST)
Google +
Barcelona Europe South Terminal (BEST) is the
first semi-automated container terminal developed
by Hutchison Port Holdings. It has one of the most
modern entry/exit gate complexes in Europe and
one of the largest rail terminals in a container port,
with an eight-track railway facility connecting it daily
to many different destinations in Spain and Southern Europe. For all these reasons, the Port of Barcelona has been chosen again and again by industry
alliances and other maritime shipping companies
opening new sea routes.
The 2M alliance, between Maersk Line and Mediterranean Shipping Company (MSC), the world’s
first and second most important shipping companies, started operations in Barcelona in early 2015.
Its Condor/AE9 service, connecting Barcelona
directly with Asia, made Barcelona the first European port of call on this route, following a 23 day
sail from Shanghai to Barcelona. 2M also services
other lines through Barcelona: The Jade/AE11
and the Dragon/AE20 connect Europe with the
Far East. These alliances, jointly with the existing
alliances such G6 (APL, OOCL, Hyuandai, MOL,
NYK, Hapag-Lloyd) and CYHKE (COSCO, YangMing, Hanjin, K-Line, Everegreen) have helped to
increase connectivity as well as shortening transit
times with Asia.
Another alliance which has located its base of operations in Barcelona is Ocean Three (O3), formed by
CMA CGM, the world’s third largest shipping company, and by China Shipping and UASC. Its Middle
East-Indian Subcontinent-North America (MINA)/
MAX2 line, from India to North America now also
has a stopover in Barcelona.
These alliances have helped to increase connectivity as well as shortening transit times with Asia. This
is a major advantage for companies needing shorter
delivery times for fast-moving consumer goods.
Barcelona now has five regular lines to Hong Kong
(four for carrying containers and one transporting
cars), and connects with other Chinese ports, such
as Shekou, Ningbo, Shanghai, Chiwan, Yantian and
Xiamen.
Barcelona is located in a region with a high consumption rate. In addition, the city and its metropolitan area are one of the most important industrial
production zones for both the chemical and automotive sectors. These conditions create substantial
import and export flows, making Barcelona a highly
valued logistics hub.
Barcelona continues to improve and consolidate
its shipping industry and services as well as increasing its commercial relations with China.
Moreover, the Port of Barcelona is also profiting
from its attraction as a cruise ship port, the first
in the Mediterranean, through which the city welcomes many Chinese tourists. This is a new challenge and one which we are confident will continue to grow and give the Port of Barcelona deserved
international repute.
A CITY THAT BRINGS OUT THE BEST IN YOU.
As a new day begins in Barcelona, so do thousands of projects and hopes. A motivational climate, vibrant
people, attractive light and a seductive lifestyle... When you enjoy the city, there are many reasons
that inspire you to find the best in yourself, to experience everything intensely, both personally and
professionally. This is the secret to being chosen as the best European city to live and work in.
EUROPEAN CITY WITH THE BEST QUALITY OF LIFE FOR EMPLOYEES.
Source:European Cities Monitor, Cushman & Wakefield 2011.
www.barcelona.cat
Draft of the new foreign investment law
in the PRC
Juan Calvo-Rubio
Lawyer Hong Kong office
NET CRAMAN ABOGADOS
English Version
O
n 19 January 2015, the Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China
(“MOFCOM”) published the Draft of
the new Foreign Investment Law (FIE).
Once the Draft is passed into Law, it will substitute
the long-standing Three Laws on Foreign Investment
–the Law on Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures,
the Law on Wholly Foreign-Owned Enterprises and
the Law on Chinese-Foreign Contractual Joint Ventures– (FIE Laws, promulgated in 1979). The obsolescence of the current Foreign Investment regime,
scattered and inconsistent between national and local laws and regulations, together with China’s effort
to rationalize its foreign investment regulatory regime along with prevailing international standards,
require this further legislative step.
The National People’s Congress will probably provide with a timeline regarding its approval on its
annual general Meeting (March 5th to 13th) but
it’s uncertain to date when it will be officially enacted.
The aim of the Draft is to adapt the Chinese foreign
investment legal system to today’s needs, reducing
barriers to foreign investors whilst strengthening
MOFCOM’s scrutiny on foreigners who try to dodge
the regulations on restricted industries.
The major prospective changes that the Draft would
introduce can be set out as follows:
1.
Implementation of a “negative list” and
elimination/reduction of the current case-
by-case basis approval. Foreign investment Industries in China are currently
categorized by the Industry Catalogue for
the Guidance of Foreign Investments as
“encouraged”, “permitted”, “restricted” and
“prohibited”. Upon the implementation of
the new “negative list” (which has already
been rehearsed in the Shanghai Pilot Free
Trade Zone), those industries under the
“encouraged” and “permitted” categories
will no longer have to apply for approval,
receiving pre-entry national treatment.
Thus, with the negative list, “prohibited” and
“restricted” categories for foreign investment
will be specifically listed in the new catalogue,
and remaining industries will be fully open to
foreign investment.
2.
New concept of foreign investor. Under the
existing Law, foreign investors are those
who are incorporated outside the People’s
Republic of China (PRC), irrespective of
their source of capital or of who does hold
the effective control of the company. However, the Draft stipulates that only a domestic enterprise, established in China but
controlled by a foreign investor, would be
deemed to be a Foreign-Invested Enterprise. With the new Law, whether a company is foreign-invested or not will be determined by the nationality of the ultimate
beneficiary (ies) rather than that of the direct shareholder. “Control” is understood
in the Draft as: a) more than 50% of shares;
b) voting power; c) significant influence
over decision-making power; among others.
In resume, if the ultimate beneficiary (ies) is
Chinese, the company will be treated as domestic.
3.
Corporate governance structure. In order to
comply with the new Draft, in case it is passed
into law, many foreign-invested enterprises
would have to amend their constitutional documents.
4.
National Security Review. Article 48 FIL, establishes that “any foreign investment that harms
or likely endanger the national security” will
be likely to be reviewed.
Regarding the situation of Foreign Law Firms
(FLF) in the Asian country, China’s accession to
the World Trade Organization (2001) brought a
liberalization of the domestic legal services market, allowing foreign law firms to provide with legal services on matters relating to Chinese Law.
However, with the new FIL, this activity is shifted
from restricted to prohibited, what may hinder
the Foreign Law Firm’s aim to settle down and
carry out their professional practice in Mainland
China (this rules will not be applied in the Shanghai Free Trade Zone). This measure is probably
bound to take more control in the legal sector
and force Foreign Law Firms to associate with local firms.
In conclusion, the Draft of the new Foreign Investment Law is an important first step in the global
modernization process through Mainland China is
going. It not only reflects China’s desire to adapts its
Foreign Investor rules system to market needs but
also further opens China to and advances foreign
investment.
Net Craman es una firma de abogados y asesores fiscales con gran experiencia en
planificación internacional de la actividad empresarial.
Gracias a nuestra red de oficinas propias en Barcelona, Guangzhou (china) y Hong
Kong, acompañamos a nuestros clientes en todo el proceso de expansión en Asia
y viceversa.
The Chinese Students Association of UPC
celebrated the first Academic Forum
Ting Ting An Shen
UPC Student
T
his past March 6th, it was held at Polytechnic University of Catalonia (UPC) the
first academic forum of the Association of
Chinese Students of UPC (UPC-AECH),
where 8 students presented their projects on current topics in technological research.
UPC-AECH is an association created by and for the
Chinese students that study in UPC. It has the main
objective of giving academic support for its members, at the same time promoting exchange of ideas.
One of the actions that UPC-AECH takes to achieve
such targets is by organizing academic forums,
which aim to provide a platform for knowledge exchange as well as to enhance the collaboration between Spain and China in the fields of science and
technology. All the presented projects were elabo-
English Version
rated by Chinese students that study in UPC and all
the students that had been involved in international exchange programs with Chinese universities.
The forum received support from the Chinese Ambassador in Spain, the International and Corporate
Relations Bureau of UPC, the Association of Industrial Engineers of Catalonia (COEIC), and News
Enginyers Xina magazine also from COIEC.
At the end of the project presentation session, a
team of experts on the related topics, formed by
members of COEIC, members of News Enginyers
Xina and professors of UPC, evaluated the complexity of each project and awarded 5 prizes, which
titles are listed as follows, ordered by the names of
the authors:
•
•
•
Economic comparison of earthquake-resistant
design of reinforced concrete frame structures in
moderate seismic hazard zones by using Chinese
code and European code, Joan Bergas Massó
Investigación sobre la resistencia a cortante y coste
económico de muros estructurales de hormigón
con encofrado perdido tipo dipy, Xianfeng Cheng
Automatic removal of unused code for software testing, Jing Lin
•
•
Experimental analysis of plasma assisted combustion for removal of VOCs, Mireia Martínez
Marker-less motion capture for biomechanical analysis using the Kinect sensor, Tingting
Shen
UPC-AECH will keep on organizing academic forums and hope to receive more projects in the future editions.
HISTÒRIA
The seismometer
David Martínez-Robles
Universitat Oberta de Catalunya.
O
ne of the most astounding marvels of
the history of techniques and sciences
in China was the invention of the seismometer, a machine created by Zhang
Heng, a reputed scholar of the Later Han Dynasty
(25-220 CE). A cosmopolitan and refined empire,
and considered to be one of the golden ages of Chinese history, the Han was the first Chinese state
with clear expansionist tendencies. It not only consolidated the territorial basis inherited from the Qin
empire - the brief but powerful kingdom which for
the first time in history unified all Chinese territories
under its aegis in 221 BCE - but also began the Westward advance of Chinese culture. The Han installed
a series of military garrisons north and south of the
Taklamakan oasis, which for the first time enabled
cross-cultural interactions between central Asia
and China. As a result, ideas, beliefs, culture, products and people circulated all over the pathways that
crossed the steppes, deserts and high mountains
which separated the Chinese world from Western
Asian cultures.
In order to control such a vast empire, the Han administration attached particular importance to com-
English Version
munications. News from all provinces reached the
capital in just a few days by means of an effective
system of posts. In this context, a device that could
almost immediately determine where an earthquake
had taken place and could therefore contribute to
reacting faster in sending troops and supplies to the
affected regions was considered to be an important
invention. According to the History of Later Han, a
register of historical events compiled after the end of
the dynasty, as was the case with all official histories,
Zhang Heng presented his seismograph to the court
in 132 CE.
Zhang Heng’s invention was able to indicate the
approximate location of an earthquake through
a system of cranks, levers and a pendulum that
comprised a simple but amazingly efficient mechanism. The seismometer was cast in bronze and
was formed by a central urn, which housed the
machinery, and a series of eight dragon-shaped
bars that supported a bronze ball in their jaws. In
an earthquake, the high sensitivity of the pendulum activated the device, which triggered a lever
and released one of the eight bronze balls from the
dragon’s mouth. The ball fell into the mouth of a
bronze frog and roughly determined the direction
of the earthquake.
According to available historical sources, Zhang’s
seismometer was unexpectedly triggered on one
occasion in 134 CE, even though no tremors were
felt in the Han capital. It was only after several
days that the first reports of an earthquake in the
northwest - about five hundred kilometers from the
capital - reached the court. The news confirmed
that Zhang’s device had determined the approximate location of the calamity,which contemporary
scientists have estimated was magnitude 7 on the
Richter scale.
After the fall of the Later Han dynasty, the Chinese
subcontinent entered a long period of divisions.
Zhang’s seismometer did not survive the wars and
political turmoil, but it was reconstructed for the first
time in the sixth and seventh centuries following ancient descriptions of the machine.
Scholars consider that Zhang Heng’s seismometer
is one of the most impressive inventions of Chinese
history. However, it was not Zhang’s only remarkable
contribution to the history of science. In recognition of his achievements as a mathematician, astronomer, engineer, cartographer and geographer,
he entered the Han administrative system as Chief
Astronomer of the court. While in the court, Zhang
carried out a number of studies and experiments.
For instance, he provided a calculation of the value
of pi as 3.1466, a figure that was the most accurate
Chinese estimate of pi for more than a century. He
also designed a rotating armillary sphere activated
by hydraulic power that shows the early understanding of hydraulic dynamics in China. He was
the creator of the first odometer designed in China
- in global terms this invention is usually attributed to Archimedes (287-212 BCE), three centuries
before Zhang. According to Chinese texts, Zhang
applied a device to a chariot that struck a wooden
drum every 500 meters and a metallic drum every
5,000 meters. He also invented a chariot with a mechanical instrument that always pointed south, not
using magnetic principles but rather a system of
differential gears. All of these examples suggest that
Zhang Heng was an extraordinary scholar and scientist who deserves a place in the engineering Hall
of Fame.
NOTÍCIES
Selecció del butlletí d’economia
de Casa Àsia
La empresa pública Chinalight se
instala en España para facilitar la
exportación al mercado chino
La empresa gubernamental china
Chinalight (Corporación Nacional de
Importación y Exportación de Industria Ligera) ha entrado en el mercado
español para impulsar la exportación
de productos españoles de alta calidad, a través de una alianza con las
empresas Xianxing Spain y Barcelona
Development Business (BDB), ambas
con sede en Barcelona.
Informació: lavanguardia.com
El yuan ya es la quinta divisa más
usada del mundo
La divisa de China, el yuan, se ha
convertido en la quinta moneda más
utilizada en pagos a nivel mundial,
superando en aceptación a los dólares canadiense y australiano, según
la Sociedad para las Comunicaciones
Financieras Interbancarias Internacionales. El organismo afirmó que actualmente el yuan chino se encuentra
por detrás del dólar estadounidense,
el euro, la libra esterlina y el yen japonés.
Informació: straitstimes.com
cnbc.com
Los sectores farmacéutico y biotecnológico en China
Informe de Interchina Consulting sobre los sectores farmacéutico y biotecnológico en China, cuyo valor nacional
ha aumentado con respecto a 2013,
pese a que también ha sufrido una
caída en las operaciones transfronterizas entrantes. Las empresas de ambos
sectores tienen unos niveles de incertidumbre y competencia cada vez mayor
en China, y fuertes demandas de innovación si quieren conseguir ventajas
competitivas a largo plazo.
Informació:
interchinaconsulting.com
Asia Sourcing Guide 2015
En esta edición la guía explica cómo
está cambiando y por qué el mercado
de abastecimiento de Asia, se comparan los gastos generales de salarios, y
dónde se fabrican y exportan ciertos
tipos de productos. Se discute el impacto de los Tratados de Libre Comercio de la ASEAN con China y la India,
y pone de relieve las opciones disponibles para el establecimiento de un
modelo de abastecimiento en tres lugares: Vietnam, China y la India.
Informació: asiabriefing.com
Guía de incentivos a la implantación
en China
En esta guía elaborada por la Oficina
Económica y Comercial de España en
Pekín están incluidas las principales
instituciones que existen en China
para fomentar las inversiones y los
distintos incentivos de carácter fiscal,
laboral, sectorial o regional potenciados por los gobiernos para atraer la
inversión exterior.
Informació: icex.es
Fusiones y adquisiciones en China
Muchas empresas multinacionales
han utilizado fusiones y adquisiciones para establecer su presencia o
expandir sus operaciones en la segunda economía más grande del mundo.
Pero muchas más no tienen, especialmente en los últimos años. Según
Thomson Reuters, las transacciones
de entrada representan sólo 75 millones de dólares de los 287.000 millones
de dólares en total de fusiones y volumen en China en los primeros tres
trimestres de 2014.
Informació: bcgperspectives.com
El tren de mercancías entre España
y China parte de regreso a Asia desde Madrid
El tren de mercancías de la ruta “Yixinou”, que une China y España, ha partido desde la terminal madrileña de
El Abroñigal de vuelta hacia la ciudad
de Yiwu. El transporte mercante, que
llegó a Madrid el 9 de diciembre pasado, tardará unos 20 días en regresar
cargado de productos alimentarios
españoles en contenedores especiales
calefactados para soportar las bajas
temperaturas del largo trayecto.
Informació: elmundo.es
El crecimiento de ingresos fiscales
de China se desacelera a su nivel
más bajo en 23 años
El crecimiento de los ingresos fiscales
anuales de China se desaceleró al 8,6
por ciento en 2014 para situarse en
14,04 billones de yuanes (2,02 billones
de euros), cifra que representa el nivel
más bajo de los últimos 23 años. Estos
resultados están relacionados con el
mal comportamiento de la producción industrial, el consumo, la inversión y los beneficios empresariales, así
como la disminución de los precios al
productor.
Informació: bloomberg.com
lavanguardia.com
La actividad manufacturera de China se contrae en enero por segundo
mes consecutivo
La actividad del sector manufacturero de China se contrajo por segundo
mes consecutivo en enero, dando otra
señal de que la desaceleración del gigante asiático se prolongará. El índice
de gerentes de compras (PMI) elaborado por HSBC/Markit cayó a 49,7,
por debajo del umbral de 50 puntos
que separa el crecimiento de la contracción sobre una base mensual. El
índice se situó ligeramente por debajo
de la estimación inicial de 49,8 y una
décima por encima de la lectura de diciembre (49,6).
Informació:
theguardian.com
eleconomista.es
¿Qué debería hacer China ante la
desaceleración de su crecimiento
económico?
La economía china se está desacelerando a un ritmo vertiginoso en los últimos años: datos recientes muestran
que su PIB creció un 7,4% en 2014, la
tasa más baja en 24 años. Desde la oficina de McKinsey en Shanghai recomiendan un cambio en el modelo de
crecimiento chino: de uno impulsado
por la inversión a uno dirigido por la
productividad.
Informació: mckinseychina.com
China se convierte en el primer mercado de la compañía catalana Simon
La compañía catalana de material
eléctrico logró en el 2014 más ingresos de China, que superó a España
como primer mercado con el 30% de
la facturación frente al 28%, respectivamente. Pese a que las ventas en
España han crecido un 4%, el mercado chino ha crecido con mucha más
intensidad al registrar un aumento de
la facturación del 10% el año pasado, a
través de las más de 2.000 tiendas con
marca Simon en el gigante asiático,
que se incrementaron en 100 más recientemente.
Informació: eleconomista.es
La inflación de China cae en enero al
0,8%, su mínimo en cinco años
La tasa interanual de inflación de China se situó en enero en el 0,8%, frente
al 1,5% del mes anterior, lo que supone la lectura más baja del indicador en
los últimos cinco años, según reflejan
los datos publicados por la Oficina de
Estadística de China. Los precios registraron un alza interanual del 0,8%
en las ciudades y del 0,6% en las zonas
rurales. El precio de los alimentos aumentó un 1,1% interanual, mientras
que los productos no alimentarios subieron un 0,6%.
Informació: theguardian.com
invertia.com
iConsumers en China 2015
Encuesta de McKinsey&Company
que analiza los comportamientos de
630 millones de usuarios de Internet
en China en diferentes ciudades y zonas rurales. La investigación muestra
un sólido crecimiento en el comercio electrónico social, una tendencia
hacia la transformación de los minoristas físicos en meros ‘showrooms’,
entre otros temas. El estudio muestra
que los consumidores digitales chinos están entre los más avanzados en
el mundo, y exigen más experiencias
innovadoras de compra en línea a un
ritmo acelerado.
Informació: mckinseychina.com
La Inversión Extranjera Directa en
China crece en enero a su mayor ritmo en cuatro años
La inversión extranjera directa en China aumentó un 29,4 % en enero respecto al mismo mes del año anterior,
su mayor incremento desde febrero
de 2011, y alcanzó un total de 12.195
millones de euros. Por otro lado, la inversión de China en el exterior ascendió a 8.910 millones de euros, con un
aumento del 40,6 % respecto a enero
de 2014. Estos datos no incluyen los
flujos entrantes y salientes en el sector
financiero. Los crecimientos del envío
y la recepción de inversión también
se deben al efecto estacional del Año
Nuevo Chino.
Informació: lat.wsj.com
forbes.com
Visión general sobre la contratación
legal de empleados en China
Artículo elaborado por la oficina de
Garrigues Shanghái que explica de
una manera somera cuál es el régimen
legal aplicable en la República Popular China en materia de normativa
laboral en la contratación de trabajadores. El artículo se divide principalmente en dos partes: la contratación
de empleados locales y la contratación de empleados extranjeros.
Informació: casaasia.es
China se convertirá en el mayor
mercado minorista
En los próximos tres años, el país
oriental superará a EE.UU. con un
crecimiento del 7,9% de las ventas
detallistas en 2018, según un estudio
de PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC)
y The Economist Intelligence Unit .
Por detrás se sitúan India, Filipinas y
Vietnam. Aunque el ritmo de crecimiento del comercio al por menor se
ha ralentizado, no es comparable con
las tasas inferiores del 2,6% de Estados
Unidos o la del 3,4% de media mundial, según los autores del estudio.
Informació: cnbc.com
Las nuevas rutas chinas de la seda
Amplio reportaje de El País sobre las
nuevas vías comerciales que unen
Oriente y Occidente, fruto del ambicioso proyecto que Pekín ha convertido en una de las grandes prioridades
de su política exterior: la formación
de extensas redes de transporte, comunicaciones e infraestructuras que
partan de China y, por vía terrestre y
marítima, lleguen a Europa.
Informació: internacional.elpais.com
AB-Biotics se asocia con la empresa
asiática Derbycare para vender en
China un probiótico pedriático
La biotecnológica catalana AB-Biotics
ha llegado a un acuerdo con Derbycare, perteneciente al grupo asiático Hutchinson Whampoa Limited, para comercializar en China un probiótico en
el ámbito de la salud gastropediátrica.
Con este acuerdo Derbycare lanzará el
producto durante el primer semestre de
2015 bajo el nombre comercial AB-Kolicare. Ambas compañías colaborarán
también en la investigación y desarrollo
de nuevas fórmulas para comercializar
en China y otros mercados.
Informació: abc.es
China encabeza la clasificación
mundial de solicitudes de patentes
China encabeza por cuarto año consecutivo la clasificación mundial de
solicitudes de patentes, según los datos de la Oficina Estatal de Protección
Intelectual. El gigante asiático registró
el pasado año 928.000 peticiones de
patentes de invención, lo que supone
un aumento del 12,5% respecto del
año anterior. De ellas, más de la mitad
(485.000) provenían de compañías,
universidades e institutos de investigación. Al frente de la clasificación
está Huawei, líder mundial en equipos de telecomunicaciones, con 2.409
patentes.
Informació: chinadaily.com.cn
economictimes.indiatimes.com
El sector servicios de Shanghái capta la mayoría de los capitales extranjeros
Según informa la agencia oficial de
noticias Xinhua, la inversión extranjera directa (IED) captada por la ciudad
se dirige en su casi totalidad al sector
servicios con un 90% de los flujos,
mientras que la inversión foránea en la
metrópoli china representa casi el 15%
de las entradas totales de capital en el
gigante asiático. En 2014 el rubro terciario de la gran urbe atrajo 16.400 millones de dólares (14.512 millones de
euros) de IED, lo que supone un incremento del 20,8% sobre el año anterior.
Informació: icex.es
news.xinhuanet.com
Selecció Infocentre
Acord de Govern de la Generalitat de Catalunya per intensificar
les relacions en innovació i promoció comercial amb la Xina
El Consell Executiu ha ratificat la signatura d’un memoràndum
d’entesa d’ACCIÓ, amb Consell Xinès per a la Promoció del Comerç Internacional (CCPIT) de Tianjin.
Tianjin és un dels centres industrials més grans i desenvolupats de
la regió nord de la Xina. En aquest sentit, es poden generar sinergies en sectors com ara l’automoció, la química, la biotecnologia, el
tèxtil i les noves energies, entre d’altres.
Informació: www.govern.cat
Nova planta de l’empresa catalana d’automoció Zanini a la Xina
L’empresa, dedicada a la producció d’embellidors de roda i altres
components, ha invertit 6,3M€ en la posada en marxa de la fàbrica
a Changzhou.
Informació: www.acc10.cat
Cobertura integral del 100%
dels riscos
Informa-te’n trucant a La Mútua dels Enginyers, telèfons 932 954 300 / 662 991 085,
per fax al 933 100 638, o enviant un correu electrònic a l’adreça:
[email protected]
BORSA
DE TREBALL
Electronics Technical Leader
infojobs.net
Applus+ Certificación
China, China (China)
Salario no disponible
Experiencia mínima: más de
10 años
Tipo de oferta: jornada completa.
WE OFFER
•
•
•
•
DESCRIPTION
•
We are looking for a Senior Electronics Engineer for our Client
(an American company) located
in China.
The candidate shall lead the
Electrical & Electronics team
made up by Chinese and foreign
engineers and technicians.
The target of the project is to
finalize the development and
bring to production an existing
prototype.
The duration of the project is at
least 6 Month (could be prolonged) on site (China).
The candidate must have good
technical background and
enjoy dealing with all different
electrical & electronics technical
aspects.
Develop an international
career in one of the most
exciting technical fields for
future mobility.
Attractive salary according
to experience and technical
background of the candidate.
Nice challenges and possibility of growing inside the
company.
•
Experiencia mínima: Más
de 10 años
Imprescindible residente
en: No Requerido
Requisitos mínimos:
Electronics, Telecommunications, Automotive or
similar engineering degree.
At least 10+ year proven
experience in Electrical &
Electronics (Automotive
experiences is a plus).
Background in some of the
following disciplines:
Tipo de industria de la oferta
Servicios de asesoría y auditoría
•
•
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•
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•
•
Categoría Ingenieros y
técnicos: Electrónica
Departamento: EMC
Nivel: Empleado
Personal a cargo: 0
Número de vacantes: 1
•
•
•
REQUISITOS
•
Estudios mínimos:
Ingeniero Técnico
•
•
Battery ecosystem.
Electronics specification
design process.
System Functional distribution.
Electronics validation
process.
Electronics Units integration.
Electronics architecture and
communication (CAN Bus).
SW architecture.
Knowledge of industrial
process (design to production).
Industrial Manager
Jefe de Planta (Matricería)
binternational.net
Kunshan, China (China)
Publicada
Salario: 78.000€ - 82.000€
bruto/año
Experiencia mínima: más de
5 años
Tipo de oferta: de duración determinada, jornada completa
•
•
DESCRIPTION
The candidate will be held
responsible of the management
and coordination of all areas of
the production plant: HH.RR,
Manufacturing department,
Finance department, Technical
department, etc. He will participate actively in designing the
strategy of the company together
with the Manager Director of the
Company and must ensure the
compliance with the Management Plan.
workers; to propose wage
increases within the current
wages policy.
To Monitor the Organization?s financial situation
and make the necessary
decisions with up-to-date
information.
Report to Manager Director
of the company about the
level achievement of the
factory goals.
•
Experiencia mínima: Más
de 5 años
CONOCIMIENTOS
NECESARIOS
•
•
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Access
English
Microsoft Excel
Microsoft PowerPoint
Microsoft Word
SAP
TRAINING
COMPETENCIAS
The candidate will get training
during the adaptation process,
sharing knowledge and professional experience about our
company, our business, processes, policies, etc. During one
month with the current Industrial
Manager (15 days in Spain, 15
days in Kunshan)
Tipo de industria de la oferta
Servicios de RRHH
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OTHER
Leadership
Initiative
Autonomy
Teamwork capacity
Focused on results
Customer focus
Technical skills
Project Management
Sheet Metal Knowledge
RESPONSIBILITIES
•
•
•
Customer relations: Represent the company before
clients.: to prepare and to
trade offers.
Production management and
productivity improvement: to
invest in production resources, coordinate the support
areas (purchasing, quality,
manufacturing, etc)effectively and efficiently.
People Management: to
promote the empowerment
and development of the
•
•
•
•
Categoría: Ingenieros y
técnicos - Industrial
Nivel: Empleado
Número de vacantes: 1
Duración del contrato: 3-5
años
Salario: 78.000€ - 82.000€
Bruto/año
REQUISITOS
•
Estudios mínimos: Ingeniero Técnico - Industrial,
especialidad en Mecánica
•
•
•
•
University degree. Engineering.
English (C2), Other languages as Spanish or Chinese
are also appreciated.
Experience: 5 years (in
similar position as Industrial
Manager)
Computer Skills: Use Microsoft Office Programs: Word,
Excel, Access, PowertPoint,
etc. Is appreciated knowledge of SAP.
Mechanical
engineer /
Materials
engineer
www.spanishchamber.com.
hk
European automotive supplier
is looking for a Mechanical engineer / Materials engineer:
•
•
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•
Language skills: native chinese, fluent english or/and
Spanish
Highly interested in automotive technology and
industrial production
Entry level position or Junior
Location: first one/two years
based in Spain - Barcelona
for training, later to be based
in China (Wuhu, Anhui
probably)
If you are interested please send
your CV to [email protected]
LINKS
D’INTERÈS
Centre d’Internacionalització
Empresarial ACC1Ó
www.acc10.cat
BARCELONA-SHANGHAI WOMEN BRIDGE
www.bswomenb.com
Casa Àsia
www.casaasia.es
CHINA IMPORT AND EXPORT FAIR.
Canton Fair Online
http://www.cantonfair.org.cn/en/
China International Machine Tool
www.cimtshow.com
ACC10 Invest in Catalonia
www.investincatalonia.com
ICEX (Instituto Español
de Comercio Exterior)
www.icex.es
China Association for Science
and Technology
www.cast.org.cn
China Daily
www.chinadaily.com.cn
ROCA JUNYENT Departament Asian Desk
www.rocajunyent.com
Casa de España . Shanghai
casaespanashanghai.com
Portal del Centre de Certificació de la Xina CQC: China Quality Certification Centre
www.cqc.com.cn/english/index.htm
Sinalunya
www.sinalunya.com
Casal Català de Shanghai
www.wix.com/casalshanghai/ccshanghai#
Institut Confuci (Barcelona)
www.confuciobarcelona.es
China Yiwu International Machinery
Industry Fair
www.jixie-expo.com
CHINE PLUS. La revue de presse
www.chine-plus.com
Federació de la Indústria de la Maquinària a
la Xina
jjw.mei.gov.cn/english/index.html
cmif.mei.gov.cn
CHINA BRIEFING. Magazine and Daily News
Service
www.china-briefing.com
Net-Craman
www.net-craman.com
China – CSR MAP (Responsabilitat social
corporativa)
www.chinacsrmap.org/index_EN.asp
Observatorio de la Política China
www.politica-china.org
Export to China
www.e-to-china.com/
Centre europeu per a PIME’s
www.eusmecentre.org.cn/
Trader China Directory
www.trader-china.com
Amb el patrocini de:
Amb la col·laboració i el suport de:
NEWS
ENGINYERS
XINA
2015 // ABRIL - MAIG
Col·legi d’Enginyers Industrials de Catalunya
c/ Via Laietana 39 08003 Barcelona
Tel. 933 192 300 / 935 572 049 · www.eic.cat

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