World Bank Document

Public Disclosure Authorized
'1979 WVORLD BANK
Public Disclosure Authorized
Public Disclosure Authorized
COPY
-F-I-LE
Report No :11052
Type: (PUB)
Title: 1979 WORLD BANK ATLAS
Author: WORLD BANK
Ext.:
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Contents
Page
The World Bank .........
................
World Bank Atlas 1979 .......
.............
Gross National Product (GNP) at market
prices, GNP per capita (1977), and
Population (mid-1977), by Income Group ..
GNP per Capita at Market Prices, Amount
(1977), and Average Annual Growth Rate
(1970-77) ..............
...............
GNP Per Capita (1977), by 1970-77
..........
Growth Rate Levels ......
Population (mid-1977) and Average Annual
Growth Rate (1970-77) ......
...........
Population (mid-1977), by 1970-77
Growth Rate Levels ......
..........
GNP per capita, by Major Regions (1977) ....
Population (mid-1977 and mid-1978), GNP
at Market Prices (1977 and 1978), and
Average Annual Growth Rate (1970-77)
Africa ...............................
Asia . ..............................
Europe .............
................
North and Central America .....
.......
South America ........
..............
Oceania and Indonesia ......
.........
Technical Note ...........
...............
1
2
4
6
6
8
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
21
22
The maps in thiis publication have been prepared by the World Bank's
staff exclusively for the consvenience of the readers of the text and
tables contained ini the World Bank Atlas. The denomnitnations used and
the boundaries showvn on these maps do riot imply, on the part of the
IWVorid Bank and its affiliates, arty judgment on the legal status of any
territory or any endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.
Pr6parees par les services cie la Banque Mondiale, les cartes conitenues dans la prssente publication sont uniquement destin6cs a faciliter la lecture du texte et des tableaux publics dans l'Atlas de la
Banque Ntondiale. Les terties qui y' suoittutil,es et les frontires qjui y
itguretit ss'imtpliquent, (le Ia part cie Ia Ban(r
1 iu Msondiale et de ses
filiales, aucuIn jugement (luasst au statut jurids(lue d'un territoire quelconr1 ue, et tie signifiesit rtulletenuist que ces institutions reconnaissent
o00acceptetrt ces frouittires.
t11Unsdi,l
harn sido elaboraLss nap,tas
iicluidlos ern este Atlas del Banco
dos. por cl personal del Batico
nisucarnunte para conveniencia del
lector (e/ texto y los cucdiros que et 6l figurai. Ni los niombrcs ni las
fronteras jtic aparecen en los nmapas deisotar), por parte ide Banco
Mutrlsal y sos afiliaclas, juicio algutio sobre la condici6tn juriclica de
isinguno (ie los territorios ni aprobaci6n o aceptacion de tales fronteras.
The World Bank
La Banque Mondiale
El Banco Mundial
The World Bank's function is to provide financial and technical assistance for the development
of its poorer member countries.
The Bank's activities have expanded rapidly in
recent years. It is now providing more than $10,000 million annually in support of projects designed to raise living standards, particularly
among the poorest sections of society.
The assistance is being provided for a wide
variety of projects, large and small, public and
private. They are in such sectors as agriculture and
rural development, education, electric power, industry, population planning, telecommunications,
tourism, transportation, urban development, and
water supply.
The Bank is also helping countries to deal more
effectively with the social aspects of economic
development. These include questions relating to
income distribution, rural poverty, unemployment, population growth, nutrition, health, and
urbanization.
A vital contribution to the Bank's work in the
poorest countries comes from the resources provided by the wealthier countries to the International Development Association (IDA), the Bank's
affiliate that extends assistance on highly concessional terms.
A total of 184 countries and territories are listed
in this Atlas. As of September 30, 1979, 134 countries were members of the World Bank.
La Banque mondiale a pour mission de fournir
une assistance financiere et technique a ses pays
membres les plus pauvres afin de promouvoir leur
developpement.
Les activites de la Banque sont en expansion
rapide depuis quelques annees puisqu'elle accorde maintenant plus de 10.000 millions de dollars EU par an en faveur de projets destines a
relever le niveau de vie des populations, notamment celui des couches les plus pauvres de la
socit&.
L'aide de la Banque porte sur une large gamme
de projets, vastes ou plus restreints, relevant du
secteur public et prive, et concernant l'agriculture
et le developpement rural, I'education, I'energie
electrique, l'industrie, le planning familial, les
telecommunications, le tourisme, les transports,
l'urbanisme et I'approvisionnement en eau.
La Banque aide aussi les pays A resoudre de
facon plus efficace les questions sociales posees
par le developpement economique, notamment
la repartition des revenus, la pauvrete rurale, le
chomage, la croissance demographique, la nutrition, la sant6 et l'urbanisation.
Un des aspects essentiels de l'intervention de
la Banque en faveur des pays les plus pauvres est
le financement fourni par les pays les plus riches
A l'Association internationale de d6veloppement
(IDA), filiale de la Banque, qui accorde une aide
a des conditions extremement favorables.
Le pr6sent Atlas mentionne 184 pays et territoires. Sur ce total, au 30 septembre 1979,134 pays
etaient membres de la Banque mondiale.
La funci6n del Banco Mundial es proporcionar
asistencia financiera y tecnica para el desarrollo
de sus paises miembros mas pobres.
En los ultimos anos el Banco ha registrado una
rapida expansi6n de sus actividades y en la
actualidad suministra mas de US$10.000 millones
anuales para apoyar proyectos encaminados a
elevar los niveles de vida, particularmente entre
los sectores mas pobres de la poblaci6n.
Dicha asistencia se proporciona para una
extensa variedad de proyectos, grandes y pequenios, p6blicos y privados, en sectores tan diversos
como la agricultura y el desarrollo rural, la educaci6n, la energia el6ctrica, la industria, la planificaci6n de la poblaci6n, las telecomunicaciones, el
turismo, los transportes, el desarrollo urbano y el
abastecimiento de agua.
Asimismo, el Banco ayuda a los paises a abordar
mas eficazmente los aspectos sociales del desarrollo econ6mico, entre los que se incluyen las
cuestiones relativas a la distribuci6n del ingreso,
la pobreza rural, el desempleo, el crecimiento de
la poblaci6n, la nutrici6n, la salud y el desarrollo
urbano.
En lo que se refiere a las actividades del Banco
en los paises mas necesitados, una contribuci6n
de vital importancia es la proveniente de los
recursos que los paises mas ricos suministran a la
Asociaci6n Internacional de Fomento (AIF), instituci6n afiliada que presta asistencia en condiciones altamente concesionarias.
En total figuran en este Atlas 184 paises y territorios. Al 30 septiembre de 1979 eran miembros
del Banco Mundial 134 paises.
1979
World Bank Atlas
In this fourteenth edition of the World Bank
Atlas, the global maps present international data
on population, gross national product (GNP), and
per capita GNP in current US dollars for most
countries of the world for 1977, and average annual growth rates of population and of per capita
GNP in real terms, for the period 1970-77. The
tables, which accompany the regional maps, include actual data on these variables for 1977, and
preliminary data for 1978.
Previous editions of the World Bank Atlas used
Miller cylindrical projections for the maps. As
these tended to make the countries at the northern and southern extremities of the globe appear
disproportionately large, it was decided henceforth to use projections which maintain correct
areas for all countries with some distortions in
shape, distance, and direction. Therefore, the
Eckert IV Projection was chosen for all world
maps.Ek
theV
projectionwa
fch l
maps.eOtheretypes
o req feach rea projection,rene
tered on each region, were selected to preserve
areal relationships of the regional mas.
Regul ushers of The
W orBntlasewill
serve other changes. The computer-generated
map by major regions which, in previous editions, showed population as well as GNP and
GNP per capita, and the Annex, which included
statistical data for countries for three years, have
been discontinued. The preliminary estimates of
population, GNP, and per capita GNP, for individual countries in 1978, have been included in
the tables which accompany the regional maps.
For earlier years, the data underlying the Atlas
calculations are presented in the World Bank's
World Tables,' and the World Tables 19802 edition will include population, exchange rates, and
GNP at market prices in national currencies annually from 1960 to 1977.
GNP in national currency is converted to US
dollars using average prices and exchange rates
for a three-year period to smooth out effects of
fluctuating exchange rates. The base years 1976-
Atlas de la
Banque Mondiale 1979
78 have been used for conversion of GNP for both
1977 and 1978; the method of conversion is described in detail in the Technical Note.
The 1978 statistics are preliminary and some
statistics for 1977 have been estimated from incomplete basic data. Additional elements of uncertainty are introduced in the conversion of GNP
from national currencies to US dollars. Readers
are cautioned to recognize that the data in the
World Bank Atlas provide only an approximate
measure of economic conditions and trends in
the countries of the world. They are merely rough
indicators of the absolute state of poverty in the
developing countries and reveal nothing about
its distribution within countries.
Cette quatorzieme edition de I'Atlas de la
Banque mondiale contient des donn6es sur ia
population, le produit national brut (PNB) et le7
PNB par habitant de la plupart des pays du
monde, exprimes en dollars EU courants pour
1'annee 1977, et les taux de croissance annuels
moyens de la population et du PNB par habitant
en valeur reelle pour la periode 1970-77. Les
tableaux qui accompagnent les cartes des regions
contiennent les valeurs effectives de ces variables
pour 1977 et des donnees preliminaires pour
1978.
Les editions prec6dentes de l'Atlas utilisaient
des projections cylindriques Miller pour les cartes.
Cette technique tendant A grossir exagerement les
extremites nord et sud des continents, il a ete
d6cid6 d'utiliser dor6navant des projections qui
donnent une repr6sentation exacte de la superficie de tous les pays, au prix de quelques imprecisions de forme, de distance et de direction.
-C'est donc la projection Eckert No IV qui est retenue pour toutes les planispheres. D'autres types
de projections 6quivalentes, centrmes sur chaque
Bank, World Tables 1976 (Baltimore and London: The
region, ont ete retenus pour pr6server les rapports
de superficie entre les cartes des differentes
regions
Les fideles lecteurs de l'Atlas constateront
d'autr6lechangements. La carte du monde obtenue par ordinateur qui dans les editions precedntes, indiqaiteI puiod ainsique pr6cNB
et le PNB par habitant de chaque grande region,
et l'Annexe qui prsentait des donnees statistiques par pays pour trois annees ont disparu. Les
estimations preliminaires pour 1978 de la population, du PNB et du PNB par habitant de chaque
pays sont presentees sur les tableaux accompagnant les cartes des r6gions. Pour les annees
precedentes, les donnees qui ont servi aux calculs
des chiffres qui figurent dans l'Atlas sont pr6sentees dans les "World Tables"' (Tableaux de statistiques mondiales) de la Banque mondiale, et l'6di-
Johns
University
Press,
World Hopkins
Bank, World
Tables
19801976).
(Baltimore and London: The
tion 1980 de ces "World Tables"-2 presentera,
'World
Johns Hopkins University Press, forthcoming).
pour chacune des annees de la periode 1960-77,
Atlas del
Banco Mu ndial 1979
la population et les taux de change, ainsi que le
PNB aux prix du marche dans les monnaies nationales.
La conversion en dollars EU du PNB en monnaie nationale a ete effectuee sur la base de prix
*et de taux de change moyens calcules sur une
periode de trois ans afin d'attenuer les effets des
fluctuations des taux de change. Les annees 197678 ont ete utilisees comme base de cette conversion pour 1977 et 1978; la methode de conversion
est decrite de facon d6taillee dans la Note technique.
Les statistiques pour 1978 sont purement pr&
liminaires et certaines des statistiques relatives a
1977 sont des estimations etablies a partir de
donnees de base incompletes. La conversion en
dollars EU des donnees en monnaie nationale
relatives au PNB ajoute un autre 6lement d'incertitude. L'attention des lecteurs est appelee sur le
fait que les donnees contenues dans l'Atlas ne
constituent que l'expression approximative de
l1'volution et de la conjoncture 6conomiques des
diff6rents pays. Ces chiffres ne donnent qu'une
idee grossiere de la pauvrete absolue dans le tiers
monde et ne fournissent aucune indication quant
aux ecarts qui existent a l'interieur d'un pays.
En esta decimocuarta edici6n del Atlas del
Banco Mundial los mapas globales presentan
datos de caracter internacional sobre la poblaci6n, el producto nacional bruto (PNB) y el PNB
per capita en d6lares corrientes en 1977 para la
mayoria de los paises del mundo, asi como tasas
medias de crecimiento anual de la poblaci6n y
del PNB per capita en terminos reales correspondientes al periodo de 1970-77. Los cuadros que
acompanan a los mapas regionales comprenden
datos efectivos sobre estas variables en el caso de
1977 y datos preliminares en el de 1978.
En las anteriores ediciones del Atlas del Banco
Mundial se habia utilizado la proyecci6n cilindrica de Miller para los mapas. Debido a que esta
proyecci6n tendia a hacer que los paises en los
extremos septentrional y meridional del globo
pareciesen desproporcionadamente grandes, se
ha decidido emplear de ahora en adelante proyecciones que permitan mantener las superficies
correctas para todos los paises con ciertas distorsiones en la configuraci6n, distancia y orientaci6n. Por esta raz6n, se ha escogido la Proyecci6n Eckert IV para todos los mapas mundiales.
Se seleccionaron otros tipos de proyecciones
equivalentes, con punto de tangencia en el centro
de cada regi6n, a fin de conservar las relaciones
superficiales de los mapas regionales.
Las personas que habitualmente usan el Atlas
del Banco Mundial podran observar que se han
hecho otros cambios. Se ha eliminado el mapa
mundial por principales regiones preparado a
base de computadora en el que, en ediciones
anteriores, figuraban datos sobre la poblaci6n y el
PNB global y per capita, y tambien el Anexo, que
comprendia datos estadisticos para los paises
correspondientes a tres ahos. En los cuadros que
acompan9an a los mapas regionales se han incluido estimaciones preliminares de la poblaci6n
Mundial 1; la edici6n de esta publicaci6n correspondiente a 19802 incluira datos anuales sobre
poblaci6n, tipos de cambio y PNB a precios de
mercado en las monedas nacionales para el periodo de 1960 a 1977.
Las cifras en moneda nacional relativas al PNB
se han convertido en d6lares estadounidenses
utilizando los precios y los tipos de cambio promedio correspondientes a un trienio a fin de suavizar los efectos de las fluctuaciones en los tipos
de cambio. Tanto para 1977 como para 1978 se
han utilizado los anos base de 1976-78 para la
conversi6n de las cifras relativas al PNB; el metodo empleado para la conversi6n se describe en
detalle en la secci6n titulada Technical Note
(Nota Tecnica).
Los datos para 1978 son preliminares y algunos
de los correspondientes a 1977 constituyen estimaciones derivadas de datos basicos incompletos.
La conversi6n de las cifras relativas al PNB de las
monedas nacionales a d6lares estadounidenses
constituye un elemento mas de incertidumbre. Se
desea advertir a quienes utilicen el Atlas del
Banco Mundial que los datos en 6l incluidos proporcionan s6lo una medida aproximada de las
condiciones y tendencias econ6micas en los
paises del mundo. Son sencillamente indicadores
muy imprecisos del estado absoluto de pobreza
en los paises en desarrollo y no revelan nada
acerca de su distribuci6n dentro de cada pais.
y el PNB global y per capita para los distintos
'Banque mondiale, World Tables 1976 (Baltimore et Londres
The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1976).
2
Banque mondiale, World Tables 1980 (Baltimore et Londres
The Johns Hopkins University Press, a paraitre).
paises en 1978. Por lo que respecta a anios ante.
.
riores, los datos en que se basan lOs cacIlIos del
Atlas aoarecen en los World Tables del Banco
'Banco
Johns
2
Banco
Johns
Mundial, World Tables 1976 (Baltimore y Londres: The
Hopkins University Press, 1976).
Mundial, World Tables 1980 (Baltimore y Londres: The
Hopkins University Press, de pr6xima aparici6n).
3
Gross National Product (GNP) at Market Prices, GNP per Capita (1977),
_
and Population (mid-1977), by Income Group
r~
-Z
Countries' with per capita income of/
Less than $200: Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma, Burundi, Cape
Verde, Chad, Comoros, Ethiopia, Guinea-Bissau, India, Lao
People's Democratic Republic, Malawi, Maldives, Mali,
Mozambique, Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, Somalia, Sri Lanka,'
Upper Volta.
$200-$499: Afghanistan, Angola, Benin,- Bolivia, Cameroon,
Central African Republic, China (People's Republic bf),
Congo (People's Republic of the), Djibouti, Dominica,
Egypt (Arab Republic of), Equatorial Guinea, Gambia (The),
Ghana, Grenada, Guinea, Haiti, Honduras, Indonesia,
Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Mauritania, New
Hebrides, Pakistan, Philippines, Rhodesia, St. Vincent, Sao
Tome and Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands,
Sudan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Yemen (People's
Democratic Republic of), Zaire, Zambia.
$500-$1,999: Albania, Algeria, Antigua, Argentina, Barbados,
Belize, Botswana, Brazil, Chile, China (Republic of), Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Fiji, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana,
2
Iraq, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Jordan, Kiribati, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Korea (Republic of), Macao,
Malaysia, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco,
Namibia, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Pacific Islands (US Trust Territory of the), Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru,
Portugal, Romania, St. Kitts-Nevis, St. Lucia, Seychelles,
South Africa, Surinarne, Swaziland, Syrian Arab Republic,
Tunisia, Turkey, Uruguay, Yemen Arab Republic.
$2,000-$4,999: Bahamas, Bahrain, Bulgaria, Channel Islands,
Czechoslovakia, French Polynesia, Gabon, Gibraltar, Greece,
Guadeloupe, Hong Kong, Hungary, Ireland, Isle of Man,
Israel, Italy, Martinique, Netherlands Antilles, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Oman, Poland, Puerto Rico, Reunion,
Singapore, Spain, Trinidad and Tobago, United Kingdom,
USSR, Venezuela, Yugoslavia.
$5,000 and over: American Samoa, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bermuda, Brunei,
Denmark,
~
gium,Canada,
Canada,
Bermuda,
Denmark,
Brunei, Faeroe Islands,
Finland, France, German Democratic Republic, Germany
(Federal Republic of), Greenland, Guam, Iceland, Japan,
Kuwait, Libya, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Qatar,
Saudi Arabia, Sweden, Switzerland, United Arab Emirates,
United States, Virgin Islands (US).
I Democratic Kampuchea, Iran, Lebanon, Uganda, and Viet Nam are
excluded in the aggregation.
2 Formerly Gilbert Islands, which became independent on July 12, 1979.
For Tuvalu, formerly Ellice Islands, which became independent on
October 1, 1978, data are not available.
/-_
WI
I
|
-
i___E
\
GNP
~
~
Income groupl
Less than $200
$200 to $499
$500 to $1,999
$2,000 to $4,999
$5,000 and over
$
b ofmid..1977
f Population
Numbr
(millions)
countries
21
41
56
31
29
856
1,413
655
550
572
1977
(US$000
millions)
126
535
708
1,864
4,547
Average GNP
per1977
capita
(US$)
150
380
1,080
3,390
7,950
NOTE: Due to rounding, the amounts in this table may not equal the
amounts or aggregates of the 'figures appearing in the regional tables.
For geographical location of the countries listed, see regional maps.
\
~
t
.
y
sX
Le,,
ta
$200
~~~~~~GNP per Capita (1977)
wv /
---
v
!'
*A
Less than $200!
C~~~[
$200 to $499
-
- ---- - -$500
/~
n
N wS d l ¢¢ 'lt '\h~~~~~~~~~~~~~
'J
F,
\tX~~~~~~~~-
a*t
.
Sa
X-
,-
to $1,999-
$2,000 to $4,999
APO
$5,000 and over
/
,/
!1
/'
.
,/
GNP per Capita at Market Prices, Amount (1977), and Average Annual Growti
Countries with populations of one million or more. GNP per capita rounded to nearest US$10.
GNP per capita
Amount RealIGrowth
1977
rate (%)
(US$)
1970-77
Country
Kuwait
Switzerland
Sweden
Denmark
United States
Country
12,690
11,080
9,340
9,160
8,750
-0.9
0.1
1.2
2.3
2.0
Nigeria
Papua New Guinea
Yemen Arab Republic 2
Congo, People's Republic of the
Bolivia
8,620
8,570
8,350
2.2
3.9
3.4
7,500
7,290
7,230
6,520'
6,510
3.1
1.6
13.0
-4.5
3.6
Austria,
Finland
German Democratic Republic 2,3
United Kingdom
*Now Zealand
6,450,
6,190
5,070
4,540
4,480
3.8
2.8
Czechoslovakia 2,3
Israel
Italy
USS R 2,3
Poland 2.3
Germany, Federal Republic of
Norway
Canada
B
Ne= nds
France
Australia
Saudi Arabia 1
Libya
Japan
Spain
Hungary 2,3
Ireland
Greece
Bulgaria 2.2
Singapore 4
Venezuela
HongF Kong
Trinidad and Tobago
Puerto Rico
510
510
510
500
480
4.4
2.5
n.a.
0.8
2.9
Phil'jpies460
Rho esa2
Zambia
Thailand
Cameroon
Honduras
China, People's Republic of 2,3
Liberia
Senegal
Ghana
460
460
430
420
420,
410
410
380
370
3.7
-0.1
-0.2
4.1
1.0
0.0
4.5
1.1
0.4
-.2.0
4.9
Yemeni, People's Democratic
Republic of 7
Egypt, Arab Republic of
Sudan 2
Indonesia,
350
340
330
320
11.2
5.2
2.5
5.7
3,760
3,530
3,330
3,290
2.0
2.0
4.4
6.3
280 280
270
3,260
3.6
Keny4290
Angola 2
Togo
Mauritania
Lesotho 2
Central African RepubliC 2
3,100
5.1
3,060
2,950
2,830
2.1
4.0
5.7
2,820
6.6
~~~~~~~8,280
3.5
~~~~7,710
2.2
1.6
0.9
2,630
2,620
2,620
2,450
3.2
5.8
1.5
0.1
Yugoslavia
Argentina
Portugal
Iraq
Romania 5
2,100
1,870
1,840
1,530
5.1
1.8
3.1
7.1
9.9
Uruguay
Brazil1
1,450
1,410
1.3
6.7
South Rica
Africa
Costa
Chile
Panama
China, Republic of
Mexico
1,400
1,390
1,250
1,200
1,180
1,160
1.1
3.2
-1.8
-0.1
5.5
1.2
Turkey
.1,110
4.5
Jamaica
Korea, Republic of
Malaysia
Jordan 6
Mon go lia 2,3
1,060
980
970
940
870
-2.0
7.6
4.9
6.5
1.6
870
860
840
840
830
2.5
6.1
4.6
6.5
3.3
Algeria
Nicaragua
Syrian Arab Republic
Dominican Republic
Tunisia
Guatemala
Ecuador82
Ivory Coast
Colombia
Cuba 2.3
Pa raguay
PerIl
K9rla, Democratic People's
Republic of 2,3
Albaihia
Morocco
El Salvador
.-
GNP per capita
Amount Real Growth
1977
rate 1%
M
(US$)
1970-77
1,570
1,140
2.1
820
770
760
6.1
1.1
3.8
750
750
-1.2
4.3
720
1.8
680
660
610
590
5.3
4.1
4.2
2.1
Haiti
Madagascar
Aganistan
Benn
Tanzania B
'Zaire
Guinea
Pakistan
Sierra Leone
Niger
Nie
India
Rwanda
Sri Lanka
Malawi
Burma
250
9.9
240
0.9
230
230
220
210
210
210
200
200
200
2.1
-2.7
2.7
0.5
2.1
-1.4
2.5
0.8
-1.3
-1.8
1.1
1.3
1.3
3.1
1.3
160
160
160
150
140
'
Upper
BurundiVolta
Chad
Mali
Somalia 2
Ethiopia
140
130
130
120
120
110
1.6
0.6
-1.0
1.9
-1.1
0.2
90
90
-0.3
n.a.
Nepal
Bhutan 2
Lao People's Democratic Republic
Bangladesh
Iran
Lebanon
Kampuchea, Democratic
*gnaa.
Viet Nam
110
80
nta.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
2:4
,
'~----
r
______
a.Number
n.a.
per capita growth rate relates to 1963-77.
expatriate community, the GNP
amounts to US$2,290.
5 This
per capita
estimate is not comparable. to those for the other centrally
Planned economies. It has been arrived at, following th eWorld
Bank Atlas methodology, by adjusting official Romanian nationalaccounts data and converting them to US dollars at the effecexchange rate for'foreign trade transactions.
GPprcptreaetoEsBnknl.NPercia
'growth rate relates to 1972.77.
7 GNP per capita growth rate relates to 1973.77.
B Matntand Tanzanian.a-Not available,
~~~~~~~~~~~tive
GNP per Capita (1977), by 1970-77 Growth
Rate Levels
-0.2
n.a.
n.a.Avrg
n.a.
Estimates of GNP per capita and its growth rate are tentative.
For estimation of GNP per capita, see Technical Note, page 22.
4
0
~~~~~~190
-4.3
~~~~~3
Excluding the
.-
1-
0.93
140
2
.
-3.4
.5.3
-0.1
Mozambiq ue 2
1 GNP
-
Growth rate I
1970-77
Less than 0.0%
0.%tlesha20%
.%tlesha20
2.0% to less than 4.00/
4.0%tlesha60
aet
esta
.%
6.0% and over
of countries
38
4
4
40
2
2
25
Popu-
GNP.
GNP per
lation
'mnid-1977
(millions)
1977
(US$080
mil-lions)
capita
1977
(US$)
206
104
294
294
2,527
510
2,8
218
4,520
1,6
136
559
163
,3
282
164
,4
541
100
,0
1,920'
NOTE: Due to rounding, the amounts in this table may not equal the
amounts or aggregates of-the figures appearing ini' the regional tables.
For geographiical location of the countries listed, see regional maps.
I Excludes Democratic Kampuchea, Iran, Lebanon, Uganda, and Viet Nam
in the aggregation.
*
Rates (1960-77 and 1970-77)
/~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Oj
w-->
...
.
A
,
\~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
\
1
;S"1
GNP per Capita Growth Rates (1970-77)
j
_|
0
l
\
(
,
(J
@
4{
\
l__________
L _______________________________
__________________
L
than 0.0%
~~~~~~~~~~~~~Less
C
to less than 2.0%t
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0.0%
t
_-
X
2.0% to less than 4.0%
/
4.0% to less than 6.0%
//
'\
!
l
|
0n6.0%
/
\
>
fr
and over
/
/
/
///
Population (mid-1-977) and Average Annual Growth Rates
(1960-77 and 1970-77)
Countries with populations of one million or more.
Population
Number
Growth rate
mid-1977
(%
(000)
1970-77
Country
Population
Growth rate
Number
mid-1977
(%/)
(000)
1970-77
Country
China, People's Republic of
India
USSR
United States
Indonesia
902,337
631,726
258,932
216,729
133,505
1.6
2.1
0.9
0.8
1.8
Saudi Arabia
Austria
Ivory Coast
Ecuador
Rhodesia
7,633
7,506
7,463
7,324
6,683
3.0r
Brazil
Japan
Bang'adesh
Nigea
Pakistan
116,100
113,216
81.219
7892
74,905
2.9
1.2
2.5
26
3.1
Angola
Guatemala
Switzerland
Mali
Tunisia
6,575
6,436
6,327
6,129
5,899
2.3
2.9
0.2
2.5
2.0
63,319
61,418
56,468
Malawi
Upper Volta
Sernegal
Bolva
Zambia
5,597
5,465
5,240
3.1
1.6
2.6
53,051
3.3
0.2
0.7
o.1
0.7
5,128
3.0
3.1
2.7
2.8
2.5
2.1
Denmark
Turkey
Egypt, Arab Republic of
50,647
44,473
43,326
41,949
37,796
Dominican Republic
Niger
5,076
4,989
4,982
4,980
4,862
0.4
3.0
1.
3.0
2.8/
Spain
Korea, Republic of
Iran
Poland
Burma
36,298
35.953
34,782
34.724
31.512
1.0
2.0
3.0
1.0
2.2
Haiti
Finland
Hong Kong
Rwanda
El Salvador
4,749
4,732
4,536
4,379
4,256
1.7
0.42.0
2.9
3.1
Ethiopia
South Africa
Argentina
Zaire
Colombia
30,245
26,952
26,036
25.694
24,605
2.5
2.7
1.3
2.7
2.1
Chad
Burundi
Norway
Somalia
Israel
4,221
4,156
4.034
3,660
3,604
2.2
1.9
0.6
2.3
2.8
Canada
Yugoslavia
Romania
Morocco
Algeria
23.320
21,738
21,648
18,310
17,152
1.2
0.9
0.9
2.7
3.2
Honduras
Puerto Rico
Benin
Sierra Leone
Lao People's Democratic Republic
3,322
3,303
3,229
3,210
3.200
3.3
2.8
2.9
2.5n.a.
Sudan
G erman Democratic Republic
China Republic of
Korea, Democratic People's
Republic of
16,919
16,857
16,793
2.6
-0.2
2.0
16,651
2.6
Tanzania 1
Czechoslovakia
16,363
15,013
3.0
0.7
Ireland
New Zealand
Lebanon
Jordan
Uruguay
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Libya
3,198
3,148
2,939
2,888
2,876
2,857
2,810
2,636
1.2
1.7
2.5
3.3
0.2
2.4
2.9
4.1
Afgshanistan
Sr. Lanka
14,304
14,097
2.2
1.7
Nicaragua
Tog
2,411
2,350
3.3
26Rate
1.7
0.9
3.4
2.2
2.7
3.0
3.4
3.0
Singapore
Jamaica
Costa Rica
Central African Republic
Uganda
Iraq
Ghana
14.074
13,864
13,513
13,322
12,961
12,049
11,803
10,634
Chile
10,553
1.7
Mexico
Germany, Federal Republic of
Ita3ly
United Kingdom
France
Viet Nam
Philippines
Thailand
55,932
14,614
Kenya
Australia
Netherlands
Venezuela
Nepal
Malaysia
Hungary
Belgium
Mozambique
Cuba
Portugal
Bulgaria
Sweden
Madagascar
Cameroon
Syrian Arab Republic
10.628
9.845
9,691
9,590
957
reece 9,231
8,835
8,263
8.085
7,882
7,835
3.8
0.4
0.3
2.5
1.6
08
0.7
0.6
0.4
2.5
2.2
3.3
Guinea
~~~~~~~~~~~Yemen
Arab Republic
Albania
5,154
2,545
0.2
6.0
3.0
3.3
2.7
2:5
2,319
2,101
2,061
1,867
3,771,
1.6
1.7
2.5
2.2
3.1
Yemen, People's Democratic
Republic of
Liberia
1,717
1,684
1.9
3.
Mauitania
1,503
2.7
~~~Panama
Mongolia
1,530
--
--
--
qbW
aW
.
4
Population (mid-1977), by 1970-77.Growth
\
LevelsU
Number
of countries
lation
mid-1977
(millions)
GNP
1977
(US$000
millions)
Average
GNP per
capita
1977
(US$)
Pp
Growth rate I
1.970-77
2.00/ to less than 2.5%
27
928
95644
95644
271
34
195
210
80
80
1,140
1.00/
to less than 2.00/
2.425%tlesha30
2:32.00tlesha30/
1.2
n.a.
.--
-
5,540
1,270
6.2
-
A
5,095
1,728
1,137
1Mainland Tanzania.
n.a. - Not available,
-----
920
1,362
Kuwait
1,118
n.a.
-
37
41
2.5
Trinidad and Tobago
Kampuchea, Democratic
/
---
Less than 1.0%
1,423
1,250
1,231
c
3.0
Congo, People's Republic of the
Lesotho
Bhutan
.,~"
-
3.0% and over
308
~~~~~~~NOTE:
Due to rounding,
the amounts in this table may nor equal the
amounts or aggregates of the figures appearing in the regional tables.
For geographical location of the countries listed, see regional maps.
I Excluides Democratic Kampuchea, Iran, Lebanon, Uganda, and Viet Nam
in the aggregation.
'
-
w
Rates (1970.77)
Population Growth
Less than 1.0%/o
to less than 2.0%
1.0%
-
-
-
-
m
2.0% to less than 2.5%0
3.0%
2.5% to less than
3.0% and over
|
_
,,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
GNP per Capita, by Major
- - - - - - - - - - - --
Regions (1977)
The height of each region isproportional to per capita GNP.
9,000
6,750f
i
".m4,500.
z
2,250-
~
0.
Central America
Region or country 1
North America
Japan
Oceania
Europe, excluding USSR
USSR
Middle East 2
South America
Central America 3
Africa
Asia, excluding Japa...
and Middle East
World
GNP per
GNP
capita
1977
Population
1977
(US$)
(US$000
millions)
mid-1977
(millions)
____
8,710
6,510
5,490
4,810
3,330
2,950
1,360
1,120
490
330
2,091
737
121
2,504
861
130
308
129
209
689
240
113
22
521
259
44
227
115
426
2,080
1,920
7,779
4,047
NOTE: Due to rounding, the amounts in this table may not equal the
amounts or aggregates of the figures appearing in the regional tables.
1 Excludes Democratic Kampuchea, Iran, Lebanon, Uganda, and Viet Nam
in the aggregation
2 Consists of Bahrain, Iraq, Israel, lordan, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi
Arabia, Syrian Arab Republic, United Arab Emirates, Yemen Arab\
Republic, and Yemen (People's Democratic Republic of).
3 Includes Mexico.
_ _
_
_
_ _
_
_ _
S
\
Eckert IV equal area projection
l'
_
7
_
_
_ _
i
_
_ _
_
_
_
Wll t
_
I
-
'lil
. A
_
-i']11l
;
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=3
Qk
A
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.
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i
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ai
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t
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.
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W
q
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'm1
:':':=---}
4
.S
W
.
fl
'{
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8 '
X
=Y=
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K
I
^
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1
3
M K
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1
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8
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V.
.
,,
w
v\W
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-- -- :
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tsla
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31Ewa
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.
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.
f.,
1h, 11A,1
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Dig
Al"lll
': ::':
:
.
Africa
Population (mid-1977 and mid-1978), GNP at Market Prices (1977 and 1978),
GNP per Capita (1977 and 1978), and Average Annual Growth Rate (1970-77)
GNP at market prices rounded to USS tens of millions. GNP per capita rounded to nearest US$10.
No.
Population
(000)
mid-l977
mid-1971
(P)
Country
1 Nigeria
2 Egypt, Arab
Republic of
3 Ethiopia
4 South Africa
5 Zaire
GNPat market prices
(US$millions)
1977
1978 (P)
GNPper capita
(USS)
1977
1978(P)
Prowt- raP(o
lation
capita (real)
1970-77
1970-77
78,982
81,039
40,540
45,720
510
560
2.6
4.4
37,796
30,245
26,952
25,694
38,686
31,011
27,708
26,410
12,950
3,280
37,640
5,290
15,520
3,640
40,940
5,510
340
110
1,400
210
400
120
1,480
210
2.1
2.5
2.7
2.7
5.2
0.2
1.1
-1.4
18,310
17,152
16,919
16,363
14,614
18,914
17,701
17,390
16,871
15,187
11,140
19,570
5,650
3,440
4,300
1Z610
22,290
5,540
3,880
4,830
610
1,140
330
210
290
670
1,260
320
230
320
2.7
3.2
2.6
3.0
3.8
4.2
2.1
2.5
2.1
12,049
10 634
9 691
8,085
7,882
12,421
10,972
9,945
8,298
8,065
n.a.
3,940
1320
1,870
3,280
n.a.
4,250
.1,360
2,050
3,700
n.a.
370
140
230
420
n.a.
390
140
250
460
3.0
3.0
2.5
2.5
2.2
n.a.
-2.0
-4.3
-2.7
1.0
6
7
8
9
10
Morocco
Algeria
Sudan l
Tanzania
Kenya
11
12
13
14
15
Uganda
Ghana
Mozambique '
Madagascar
Cameroon
16
17
18
19
20
Ivory Coast
Rhodesia 1
Angola 1
Mali
Tunisia
7,463
6,683
6,575
6,129
5,899
7,836
6,913
6,739
6,297
6,050
5,710
3,070
1,840
720
4,940
6,580
3,320
2,000
760
5,760
770
460
280
120
840
840
480
300
120
950
6.0
3.3
2.3
2.5
2.0
1.1
-0.1
-3.4
1.9
6.5
21
22
23
24
25
Malawi
Upper Volta
Senegal
Zambia
Guinea
5,597
5,465
5,240
5,128
4,989
5,780
5,553
5,377
5,295
5,133
860
760
1,980
2,350
1,000
1,010
870
1,830
2,530
1,070
150
140
380
460
200
180
160
340
480
210
3.1
1.6
2.6
3.0
3.0'
3.1
1.6
0.4
-0.2
2.5
26
Niger
4,862
5,005
950
1,110
190
220
2.8
-1.8
27
Rwanda
4,379
4,514
710
830
160
180
2.9
29
Burundi
4,156
4,271
550
610
130
140
1.9
28 Chad
30 Somalia
2
4,221
1
3,660
4,320
3,743
560
430
620
470
130
120
140
130
2.2
2.3
.0.9
1.3
-1.0
0.6
-1.1
No.
31
32
33
34
35
Population
(000)
mid-1977
mid-2978 (P)
Country
Benin
Sierra Leone
Libya
Togo
Central African
Republic1
36 Liberia
37 Mauritania
38 Congo, People's
Republic of the
39 Lesotho'
40 Namibia'
41
42
43
44
45
Mauritius
Guinea-Bissau
Botswana
Gambia, The
Gabon
46
47
48
49
Swaziland 1
Reunion l
Comoros
Equatorial Guinea
50 Cape Verde 1
51 Djibouti 1
52 Sao Tome and
Principe 1,3
53 Seychelles'
l
GNPat market prices
(US$millions)
1977
1978
(P)
GNPper capita
(USS)
1977
1978(P)
rowth rate (%
lation
capita (real)
1970-77
1970-77
3,229
3,210
2,636
2,350
3,326
3,296
2,745
2,418
670
640
17,189
650
770
690
18,960
770
210
200
6,520
280
230
210
6,910
320
2.9
2.5
4.1
2.6
0.5
-1.3
-4.5
5.3
1,867
1,909
440
480
240
250
2.2
0.9
1,684
1,503
1,742
1,545
740
410
820
420
410
270
460
270
3.4
2.7
1.1
-0.1
1,423
1,250
926
1,460
1,279
953
710
320
960
780
360
1,030
500
250
1,030
540
280
1,080
2.5
2.4
2.8
0.8
9.9
0.8
906
747
728
554
533
918
762
747
570
539
670
130
390
120
1,700
760
160
460
130
1,930
740
180
540
210
3,190
830
200
620
230
3,580
1.3
2.0
1.9
3.1
0.9
6.9
-7.7
16.1
5.3
6.5
511
499
370
338
526
507
390
346
270
1,450
70
n.a.
310
1,550
70
n.a.
530
2,900
180
n.a.
590
3,060
180
n.a.
2.5
1.8
3.8
2.2
5.6
-1.0
-5.2
na.
313
300
319
320
50
130
50
140
150
450
160
450
2.1
3.5
-2.1
-0.3
82
62
85
63
40
60
40
70
460
940
490
1,060
1.3
2.6
1 Estimates of GNP per capita and its growth rate are tentative.
2 Mainland Tanzania.
Peia
growth rate relates to 1974-77
n.a.-Not available.
8.0
3.8
THE
( 2<M~~~~~I~OROCCp ;j
(FORME5 /l, ,2+
AR -K.*
SPANISHS
THE
GAMBtSIAIA
'\
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,
t
LBAg
0
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GUINEAAB S
SEYCHELLES
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REUNION
ffitm
2w
t
13
Asia
Population (mid-1977 and mid-1978), GNP at Market Prices (1977 and 1978),
GNP'per Capita (1977 and 1978), and Average Annual Growth Rate (1970-77)
/
GNP at market prices rounded to US$ tens of millions, GNP per capita rounded to nearest US$10.
GNPat market prices
milliens)
(009)(USS
98
191971
91
mid-1978 (P1
Population
No.
Country
1 China, People's
Republic of 1,2
mid-1917
GNPper capita
(USS)
1998P)
Growth, rate (%
GPpe
Po-
110-1
978-1r',.
I
902,337
631,726
113,216
81,219
74,905
914,139
643,896
114,053
83,641
77,337
372,800
100,180
737,180
6,520
15,070
424,620
112,660
836,160
7,630
17,530
410
160
6,510
80
200
460
180
7,330
90
230
1.6
2.1
1.2
2.5
3.1
4.5
1.1
3.6
-0.2
0.8
6 Viet Nam
7 Philippines
8 Thailand
9Korea, Republic of
10Iran
50,647
44,473
43,326
35,953
34,782
52,179
45,639
44,345
36,616
35,849
n.a.
20,410
18,660
35,150
n.a.
8,870
23,250
21,790
42,460
n.a.
n.a.
460
430
980
n.-a.
170
510
490
1,160
n.-a.
3.1
2.7
2.8
2.0'
3.0
n.a.
3.7
4.1
7.6I
n.a.
11 Burma
12 China, Republic of
13 Korea, Democratic
14 People's Republic of'12
14Afghanistan
.15 Sri Lanka
31,512
16,793
32,205
17,139
4,'330
19,800
4,900
23,930
146
1,180
150
1,400
2.2
2.0
.1.3
5.5
16,651
14,304
14,097
17,066
14,616
14,350
11,380
3,150
2,290
12,530
3,530
2,720
680
220
160
. 730
240
190
2.6.
2.2
1.7
5.3
2.7'
1.3
Nepal
Malaysia
18 Iraq
19 Syrian Arab Republic
20 Saudi Arabia
13,322
12,961
11,803
7,835
7,633
13,627
13,300
12,216
8,088
7,870
1,450
12,600
18,490
6,700
55,210
1,580
14,540
22,720
7,490
63,10
110
970
1,570
860
,23
120
1,090
J1,860
930
8,40
2.2
2.7
3.4
3.3
.0
2.4
4.9
7.1
6.1
3.0.i
4,982
5,098
3,604
3,716
2,540
11,890
13,570
2,960
14,050
15,300
51
2,620
3,760
8
3,040
4,120
.
2.0
2.8
na
5.8
2.0
3,200
3,300
290
300
90
90
n.a.
n.a.
26 Jordan 1 4
27 Singapore
28 Yemen, People's Democratilc Republic of'.51
29 Mongolia 5,2
2,888
2,319
2,985
2,355
1,960
6,540
2,270
7,690
940
2,820
1,050
3,260
3.3
1.6
6.5
6.6
1,717
1,530
1,749
1,575
600
1,330
740
1,470
350
870
420
940
1.9
3.0
11.2
1.6
30 Bhutan'1
1,231
.1,259
110
-120
90
100
2.3
-0.3
2
3
4
5
India
Japan
Bangladesh
Pakistan
16
17
21Yemen Arab Republic'1
Hong
22Kong
23 Israel
24 Lao People's Democratic
Republic'1
$
capita (real)
~~~~~~~~~lation
4,622
~~~~~~4,536
,
--
I-
~-
-
-
YRIAN
LEBANO
REPUBLI
OD
IRAQ
.
-':v
IRAN
.-
NURLZN
A D
AR BI
(BAHR\AlJ
1
AA
.
-
i.
,
M~
.\
32
33
34
35
Oman
United Arab Emirates
Bahrain '.5
Macao'
814
750
343
291
839
804
-368
299
2,050
11,100
1,390
370
2,160
11,440
1,510
440
2,510
14,800
4,050
1,270
2,570
14,230,
4,100
1,460
3.2
16.7
7.1
2.3
4.0
-3.6
0.2
17.1
36
37
38
39
Qatar
Brunei'1
Maldives'1
Kampuchea, Democratic
215
165
140
n.a.
223
171
145
n.a.
2,440
1,520
20
n.a,
2,840
1,820
20
n.a.
11,370
9,190
140
n.a.
12,740
10,640
150
n.a.
10.3
3.4
4.0
n.a.
-2.4
7.7
n.a.
n.a.
'Estimates of GNP per capita and its growth rate are tentative.
2For estimation of GNP per capita, see Technical Note, page 22.
3 GNP per capita relates to East Bank only. GNP per capi'ta growth rate relates to 1972-77.
4 Excluding the expatriate community, the GNP per capita amounts to US$2,290 for 1977 and US$2,620 for 1978,
5 GNP per capita growth rate relates to 1973-77.
(P)-Preliminary.
n.a.-Not available.
-
EMN
PEOPLE.S OE
a
JAPAN
2y
_6t
MONGOLIA
*
PEOPLOE'S
'
\ X~~~~~~~O
SEO
'
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
AFGHANISTI
0
PAKISTAN
=
MACAOtHONG
REPUBLIC
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~OF
CHINA
~~~~~~~~~~KONG
PHILIPPINES
\;
~~~INDIA
B
\
X
LAM
A
RMA
S\)
~~~~~~~~~THAILAND
IE5AM
a<
°KAMPUR
A
XA
0
$dH
BRUNE
MALDIVES
-
_
SRI LANKA
MALAYSIA
;
Europe
Population (mid-1977 and mid-1978), GNP at Market Prices (1977 and 1978),
GNP per Capita (1977 and 1978), and Average Annual Growth Rate (1970-77)
GNP at market prices rounded to US$ tens of millions. GNP per capita rounded to nearest US$10.
Growth rate (%
pe
Growth
GNPper capita
GNPat market prices
Population
capita (real)
lation
(US$)
(US$millions)
(000)
1970-77
1978 (P) 1970-77
1977
1978 (P)
1977
mid-1978 (P)
mid-1977
Country
No.
Population
(a00)
mid-1978 (P)
mid-1977
GNPat market prices
(US$ millions)
1978 (P)
1977
Country
21
22
23
24
25
Switzerland
Denmark
Finland
Norway
Ireland
6,327
5,076
4,732
4,034
3,198
6,286
5,084
4,745
4,048
3,234
70,110
46,520
29,300
34,560
9,770
76,050
50,410
32,380
38,500
11,210
11,080
9,160
6,190
8,570
3,060
12,100
9,920
6,820
9,510
3,470
0.2
0.4
0.4
0.6
1.2
0.1
23
2.8
3.9
2.1
26
27
28
29
30
Albania 1,2
Cyprus
Luxembourg
Malta
Iceland
2,545
644
357
333
223
2,606
646
358
335
226
1,670
1,180
3,440
620
1,710
1,920
1,370
3,730
730
1,880
660
1,830
9,640
1,870
7,690
740
2,110
10,410
2,160
8,320
2.5
0.7
0.8
0.3
1.3
4.1
0.3
4.4
11.9
3.0
132
61
133
62
460
180
550
210
3,510
2,940
4,170
3,360
0.9
1.5
50
310
340
6,280
6,760
1.0
261,234
861,210
965,520
3,330
3,700
0.9
4.4
61,418
56,468
55,932
53,051
61,212
56,800
55,918
53,182
529,380
199,270
254,100
397,670,
587,700
218,320
281,090
439,970
8,620
3,530
4,540
7,500
9,600
3,840
5,030
8,270
0.2
0.7
0.1
0.7
2.2
2.0
1.6
3.1
41,949
36,298
34,724
21,738
21,648
42,925
36,655
35,081
21,933
21,853
46,580
118,170
114,280
45,600
33,030
51,750
128,920
128,330
52,340
38,170
1,110
3,260
3,290
2,100
1,530
1,210
3,520
3,660
2,390
1,750
2.5
1.0
1.0
0.9
0.9
4.5
3.6
6.3
5.1
9.9
12 Czechoslovakia l 15,013
13,864
13 Netherlands
10,628
14 Hungary 1,2
9,845
15 Belgium
16,859
15,120
13,971
10,672
9,870
85,400
63,640
106,930
32,940
81,550
95,490
71,320
117,190
36,860
89,520
5,070
4,240
7,710
3,100
8,280
5,660 -0.2
0.7
4,720
0.9
8,390
0.4
3,450
0.3
9,070
4.9
4.3
2.2
5.1
3.5
34 Faeroe Islands'
35 Gibraltar 1
9,653
17,580
19,540
1,840
2,020
0.8
3.1
1 Estimates of GNP per capita and its growth rate are tentative.
77,200
84,750
9,340
10,210
0.4
1.2
48,390
52,720
6,450
7,030
0.2
3.8
1
2 Germany, Federal
Republic of
3 Italy
4 United Kingdom
5 France
6
7
8
9
10
Turkey
Spain
Poland 1,2
Yugoslavia
Romania 1.3
11 German
Democratic
Republic 1n21 2 16,857
16
Portugal
9,577
19
Sweden
8,263
9,231
17 Greece 7,2°2'8930°
Greece 892335
8,835
18 Bulgaria 12
20 Austria
7,506
31 Channel Islands1
32 Isle of Man 1
33
9,325
8,892
8,297
7,498
27,200
25,000
30,530
28,450
2,950
2,830
3,270
3'200
3,200
0.7
06
0.6
4.0
57
5.7
Growth rate %
P6ou- ratP per
capita (real)
lation
1970-77
1970-77
No.
258,932
USSR 1,2
GNPper capita
(US$)
1978 (P)
1977
Greenland 1
50
42
30
43
31
320
100
350
110
7,600
3,190
8,080
3,660
1.2
1.5
-0.2
-1.8
6.3
3.9
4.6
22. planned economies. It has been arrived
Technical
GNP
per capita,tosee
ofnot
2For esti mation is
centrally
other page
for the Note,
those
comparable
3 This estimate
at foilowing the World Bank Atlas methodology, by adjusting official Romanian national accounts data
and converting them to US dollars at the effective exchange rate for foreign trade transactions.
(P)-Preliminary.
NORM
/
eFAEROE
SWEDE
FINLAND
ISLANDS
tORWM
ITte
DIuGDOM
It
LAND
. ^-U
t__/
*c-.
S
S
D 4AF4RK
OF0 45
POLAND
ERMA
NETHEI<LD
D~~~~~~~~~~~~
CHANNEL ISLANDS
G
LUXEMBO
FEDER
OSLO
REPUBLIC 0O
FRANCE
SW
ROMANIAN
EA
BULGOARIA ,
PORT GAL
c-SPAIN
/
g
SPAiN
<
4
t>Xogv'~~~~~~~
GIBRA LTAR
TURKEY
*,
"*,MALTA
c22
Q
CYPRUS
North and Central America
Population (mid-1977 and mid-1978), GNP at Market Prices (1977 and 1978),
GNP per.Capita (1977 and 1978), and Average Annual Growth Rate (1970-77)
GNP at market prices rounded to USS tens of millions. GNP per capita rounded to nearest US$10.
Country
1
2
3
4
5
United States
Mexico
Canada
Cuba 1,2
Guatemala
Population
(000)
mid-1978 (P)
mid-1977
216,729
63,319
23,320
9,590
6,436
GNPat market prices
(USSmillions)
1978(P)
1977
Growth rate (%)
GNPper capita - Popu- GNP per
lation capita (real)
(USS)
1970-77
1978(P) 1970-77
1977
218,373 1,896,550 2,117,890
84,150
73,720
65,470
23,568 194,660 216,090
7,860
7,220
9,718
6,040
5,350
6,627
8,750
1,160
8,350
750
830
9,700
1,290
9,170
810
910
0.8
3.3
1.2
1.6
2.9
2.0
1.2
3.4
-1.2
3.3
910
260
600
480'
2,720
3.0
1.7
3.1
3.3
2.8
4.6
2.1
21
0.0
0.1
840
1,540
1,290
2,910
3.3
1.7
2.5
3.1
1.2
2.5
-2.0 .
3.2
-0.1
1.5.
Dominican Republic
Haiti
El Salvador
Honduras
Puerto Rico
4,980
4,749
4,256
3,322
3,303
5,128
4,831
4,382
3,441
3,365
4,190
1,090
2,510
1,410
8,090
4,680
1,240
2,810
1,650
9,150
840
230
590
420
2,450
Nicaragua
Jamaica
13 Costa Rica
14 Panama
15 Trinidad and Tobago
2,411
2,101
2,061
1,771
1,118
2,490
2,131
2,110
1,826
1,137
2,090
2,230
2,870
2,120
2,930
2,100
2,350
3,250
2,350
3,310
870
1,060
1,390
1,200
2,620
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1,110
16
17
18
19
20
Martinique 1
Guadeloupe l
Netherlands Antilles 1
Barbados
Bahamas '
322
319
244
248
213
321
319
246
250
218
1,120
820
680
440
520
1,270
910
780
490
570
3,470
2,560
2,780
1,770
2,450
3,950
2,850
3,150
1,940
2,620
0.1
0.2
1.3,
0.5
2.7
5.7
2.9
0.5
2.6
-7.2
21
22
23
24
25
Belize l
St. Lucia '
Grenada'
St. Vincent
Virgin Islands (US)'
130
118
105
103
98
132
120
106
105
101
100
70
50
30
510
110
80
60
40
540
750
560
470
320
5,190
840
630
530
380
5,350
0.9
2.3
1.8
2.3
3.6
4.7
0.7
-3.2
-2.2
0.6
77
73
54
50
77
74
54
50
30
60
460
30
30
70
500
30
400
860
8,520
610
440
950
9,260
660
1.2
1.3
0.5
0.9
-4.1
-3.7
2.4
1.6
Dominica 1
Antigua l
28 Bermuda '
29 St. Kitts-Nevis l
26
27
1 Estimates of GNP per capita and its growth rate are tentative.
For estimation of GNP per capita, see Technical Note, page 22.
(P)-Preliminary.
2
CANADA
STATES
UNITED
C
BERMUDA
BAHAMAS
6/
)
X)
N
~
AA=Vltlr't
)
\
~
~
~
~~
~
~
~
KITTS-NEVIS
~~~~~~~~~~ST.
~~~~~~~~~~~PUERTO
/
|;
RIOC?
CBA-
cX3-HAITI
o
VIRGIN.ISLANDS (US)
%Xi.NIU
~~~~~~~
REPUBLIC
X
ANTIGUA
-DOmiNiCA
/
ST. LUCIA(
8
X
o
ga
o
\
/
JAMAICK-
NETHERLANDS
ANTILLES
.
/
g
A
> HNDURA
EL SALVADOR
$
oX
BpLIZE
ATEMAL
.
NIcA:AGUAf
,
/S
-r,A
tsXAr
R
S
ST. VINCENT
MARTINIQUE
BARBADOS
~
B
A
GRENADAW
'
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO
ECUADOR
-
South America
B A I
Population (mid-1977 and mid-1978), GNP at Market Prices (1977 and 1978),
GNP per Capita (1977 and 1918), and Average Annual Growth Rate (1970-77)
'\PERU
7
GNP at market prices rounded to US$ tens of millions. GNP per capita rounded to nearest US$10.
Growth ,rate %)
No.
Country
GNPat market prices
(US$millions)
19718(P)
1977
PopuGNPpiercapita
lation
(us$)
1970-71
1978(P)
1977
Venezuela
116,100
26,036
24,605
16,363
13,513
119,430
26,371
25,136
16,820
13,965
163,880
48,710
18,760
11,800
35,480
187,190
50,250
21,790
12,440
40,710
1,410
1,870
760
720
2,630
1,570
1,910
870
740
2,910
2.9
1.3
2.1
2.8
3.4
Chile
Ecuador
Bolivia
Uruguay
Paraguay
10,553
7,324
5,154
2,876
2,810
10,734
7,550
5,290
2,892
2,893
13,160
6,000
2,460
4,170
2,100
15,180
6,890
2,690
4,660
2,450
1,250
820
480
1,450
750
1,410
910
-510
1,610
850
1.7
3.0
2.7
0.2
2.9
817
381
60
836
389
62
430
710
120
460
820
150
520
1,870
1,980
2.0
550
2,110 -1.1
2.9
2,340
1
2
3
4
5
Brazil
Argentina
Colombia
Peru
6
7
9
9
10
Population
(000)
mid-1978(P)
mid-1977
1 Guyana
12 Suriname 1.2
13 French Guiana
1
1 Estimates of GNP per capita and its growth rate are tentative.CHL
2 GNP per capita growth rate relates to 1973-77.
(P.-Preliminary.
GNPDer
capita (reral)
1970-77
6.7
1.8
3.8
1.8
3.2
MOFO E
BOLIVIA
PRG
CM
-
-1.8
6.1
2.9
1.3
4.3
E NUENA
ARN
0.4
6.3AR
1.2
E TN
7
2
.1l
{
\ .-
>
L>-,r
,
;
>U
S, TRUST
..........................
TERRITORY OF THE PACIFIC ISLANDS
0*
KIRIBATI
ESiA,
ND
S
*
r__
TUVALU
O
WESTERN SAMOA v ,
_j.;AMERICAN
1s21_
j
1
a
b
SAMOA
FIJi
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~HQBRIDES
. -R_S
*
1i b* ;
'
ji
NEW\~
CALEDONIA
_ -t.J_
-
POLYNESIA'
DFRENCH
OG
TONGA
bC#F#C (CEAN
$r~~~~~~SUY
! r
Oceania and Indonesia
A
EAND
Population (mid-1977 and mid-1978), GNP at Market Prices (1977 and 1978),
QNP per.Capita (1977 and 1978), and Average Annual Growth Rate (1970-77)
GNP at market prices rounded to USS tens of millions. GNP per capita rounded to nearest USS10.
Growthrate(%
Population
GNPat market
GNP(us$)
perCaPita
Pupo-p capita
GNP(real)
per
(c8)ooS
ilin) prices
lation
No.
Country
1 Indonesia
2 Australia
ew Zealand
4 Paj)u~
Nw14
mid-1977
mid-1978(P)
1977
1978(P)
1917
133,505
14,074
3,148
135,993
14,366
3,187
42,680
102,570
14,110
48,820
113,830
15,270
320
7,290
4,480
360
7,920
4,790
2,857
589
2,930
599
1,460
780
1,640
860
510
1,330
560
1,440
205
154
213
157
80
n.a.
90
n.a.
uinea
5 Fiji
6 Solomon Islands 1
7 Western Samoa
8
9
New Caledonia
French2
1
Polynesia s
10
145
150
650
390'
n.a.
1918(P) 197D-77
430
n.a.
1978-77
Nlo.
1.8
1.7
1.7
576
1.
0.9
11
12
13
2.4
1.8
2.5
3.7
15 American Samoa'
3.5
1.2
700
4,470
4,650
3.3
1.7
n.a.
-5.9
145
I
148
690
780
4,770
5,270
3.3
1.8
129
132
140
160
1,120
1,230
3.4
1.4
Coantry
New Hebrides 1
Guam'
Tonga
Kiribati' 1,2
Population
(0110)
mid-1917
mid-1918 (P)
Growth rate(%
GNP
at market
prices
GNPpercapita
PepuGNPper
(US$
millions)(S)ato
cpiarel
1977
1978(P)
1971
1978 (P) 1970-77 1970-77
101
94
92
55
103
95
93
56
50
590
40
40
60
680
40
40
490
6,270
400
700
540
7,130
430
690
2.7
1.2
1.9
1.6
1.8
5.1
0.9
6.0
31
32
210
240
6,830
7,400
2.0
8.4
1 Estimates of GNP per capita and its growth rate are tentative.
Formerly Gilbert Islands, which became independent on July 12, 1979.
(P)~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-Preliminary.
n.a.-Not available.
Pacific Islands,
US Trust*
Territory of the'1
Formerly Ellice islands, which became independent on October 1, 1978, and for which data are not
available.
Technical Note
Population figures are mid-year estimates prepared by the World Bank to provide a consistent
set of data from material obtained from the Population Division of the UN Statistical Office, the US
Bureau of the Census, and the World Bank's own
data files.
Gross National Product (GNP) is a measure of
the total domestic and foreign output claimed by
residents of a country. At market prices, GNP includes compensation of employees, operating
surplus, provision for the consumption of fixed
capital, and indirect taxes less subsidies to producers. For the purposes of international comparison, GNP in current values of national currencies is converted to US dollars. GNP per capita
is obtained by dividing GNP at market prices in
US dollars by the total mid-year population.
Conversion of GNP to US dollars continues to
be made by the same method as used in past
issues. The Atlas method of conversion is to use a
three-year weighted average of prices and exchange rates. In this edition, the three-year period, called the base period, includes the years
1976-78. It should be noted that for both actual
GNP for 1977 and for estimated GNP for 1978 the
same base period is used. This means that a comparison between actual GNP for 1977 and estimated GNP for 1978 reflects changes in real domestic income and in the rate of US inflation. The
use of the three-year base period is intended to
soften the impact of price and exchange rate
fluctuations, and normally the same base period is
used for all the countries. Since the base period
is changed every year, the data presented in the
various editions of the Atlas are not comparable.
The conversion of GNP for a particular country
proceeds in the following manner. The data used
are GNP at constant market prices in national currency units and in prices of the year used in the
most recent constant price series available for that
country. The first step is to convert this series to
one measured in constant average 1976-78 prices
by multiplying it by the weighted average domes-
tic GNP deflator for the base period 1976-78 (i.e.,
by the ratio of total GNP at current prices to total
GNP at constant prices for the period 1976-78).
The second step is to convert the series measured
in constant average 1976-78 prices in national currency to one in US dollars by division by the
weighted average exchange rate for the base period 1976-78. The weighted average exchange rate
is the ratio of the sum of GNP at current market
prices to the sum of the GNP deflated by the
average exchange rate in national currency per
US dollar for the years 1976, 1977, and 1978. The
third and final step is to convert the series measured in constant average 1976-78 US dollars to
one measured in current US dollars by multiplication by the implicit US GNP deflator with a 197678 base.
Despite the efforts to smooth out the effects of
fluctuating prices and exchange rates by taking a
three-year base, the basic Atlas method remains
one of using official exchange rates for the purpose of converting national currency figures to a
common currency, viz., the US dollar. It is generally recognized that official exchange rates do
not accurately measure the relative purchasing
power of currencies, and to use them for the conversion of GNP from national currencies to US
dollars may tend to exaggerate the real income
differences between less developed and more developed countries as measured by their GNP per
capita. This is because exchange rates are based
on prices of internationally traded goods and
services and may bear little relationship to the
prices of goods and services not entering international trade, which form the bulk of the national
product in most developing countries. In developing countries, services and agricultural output, in
particular, are generally priced lower in relation
to industrial.output than in industrialized countries, and agriculture often accounts for the single
largest share of total output.
The inadequacy of the exchange rate has
been demonstrated by the United Nations In-
ternational Comparison Project (ICP) which
has developed reliable measures of real GNP
on an internationally comparable scale.' The
work of the ICP has covered 16 countries already, is almost complete for 34, and will ultimately cover about 75 countries. The World Bank,
the United Nations, and other international agencies, such as the European Economic Community
(EEC) and the Economic Commission for Latin
America (ECLA), are engaged in research on appropriate ways of extending the ICP type comparisons to all the countries of the world on an annual
basis. Until such coverage is complete, however,
exchange rates remain the only available means
for conversion of GNP from national currencies to
US dollars.
Growth rates are average annual growth rates
which have been computed by fitting a trend line
to the logarithmic values of the population and
to GNP per capita at constant market prices, for
each year of the time period. With this method,
all available observations within the relevant time
period are considered, and the growth rates obtained reflect general trends rather than cyclical
factors or irregular variations in any particular
year.
GNP for six of the centrally planned economies
(CPEs) of Europe, namely, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Democratic Republic of Germany, Hungary,
Poland, and USSR, have been derived using a
new approach in this issue of the World Bank
Atlas. The estimates of GNP per capita and its
growth rates are based on the official data on Net
Material Product (NMP). Using the national acIrving B. Kravis, Zoltan Kenessey, Alan Heston, and Robert
Summers,
A System of International
Comparisons of Gross
Product and Purchasing Power (Phase 1)(Baltimore and London:
The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1975), Irving B. Kravis,
Alan Heston, and Robert Summers, International Comparisons
of
Real Product and Purchasing Power (Phase 1i) (Baltimore and
London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978); and Irving
B. Kravis, Alan Heston, and Robert Summers, International
Comparisons of Real Product and Purchasing Power (Phase ill)
(Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press,
forthcoming).
counts data of 12 Western European countries,
two relationships were estimated: the first between NMP per capita and GNP per capita for the
benchmark year 1970, and the second between
the average annual growth rates of NMP per capita and of GNP per capita for the period 1970-76.
For each CPE, the GNP per capita for 1970 was obtained by entering its NMP per capita for 1970
(converted to US dollars by the noncommercial
exchange rate) in the first equation, and the
annual growth rates of GNP per capita for
1970-78 were estimated by using the official NMP
per capita growth ratpe in the second equaitien
The 1970 benchmark GNP per capita obtained
from the first equation was extrapolated to 1977
and 1978 by the use of the growth rates estimated
from the second equation. Finally, these 1977 and
1978 estimates of GNP per capita in 1970 US dollars were converted to current dollars by multiplication by the US implicit GNP deflator with
1970 as the base.
The estimates of GNP per capita and of GNP
per capita growth rates for the CPEs should be
treated as tentative, since further methodological
research is continuing. Furthermore, since these
estimates are not based on average official exchange rates of the three-year base period used
in the current issue of the Atlas, they are not on
the same basis as the estimates for market economies. This, and the known differences between
the concepts used for national accounts of market
economies and CPEs, limit the comparability of
the data presented for the two sets of countries.
The estimates of GNP per capita for Albania are
made on the same basis as those for European
CPFr. For Cuba and the Asian CPEs the information available is fragmentary and tentative, so that
ad hoc methods of GNP estimation have been
used in each case.
Scholars and statisticians interested in a fuller
and more technical explanation of the methodology used in compiling the figures for the World
Bank Atlas are invited to address their queries to
the Economic and Social Data Division, Economic
Analysis and Projections Department, World
Bank.
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