8.5C Periodic Table
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8.5C Periodic Table
8.5C Periodic Table Picture Vocabulary © 2013 Rice University – All Rights Reserved Periodic Table of Elements tabla periodica de los elementos: un arreglo de los elementos en funcion de sus numeros atomicos; muestra la ley periodica. A table showing the chemical elements arranged according to their atomic numbers. © 2013 Rice University – All Rights Reserved elemento: una substancia pura que no puede separarse en substancias mas simples por medios fisicos o quimicos. Element A pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by physical or chemical means. © 2013 Rice University – All Rights Reserved Chemical Symbol símbolo químico: una o dos letras que se utilizan para representar un elemento . The atomic symbol for Helium A one or two letter notation used to represent an atom of a particular element. © 2013 Rice University – All Rights Reserved Atomic Number numero atomico: el numero de protones en el nucleo de un atomo. The number of protons in the nucleus of one atom of an element. © 2013 Rice University – All Rights Reserved unidad de masa atomica: la unidad SI de las masas de las particulas en los atomos. Atomic Mass Oxygen Always has 8 protons If all Oxygen atoms had 8 protons and 8 neutrons, the Atomic Mass would be 16.0. If all Oxygen atoms had 8 protons and 7 neutrons, the Atomic Mass would be 15.0. All Oxygen atoms have 8 protons and most have 8 neutrons, BUT a few have only 7 neutrons. Atomic Mass is the number of protons (8) plus the number of neutrons (?). Each proton and neutron is assigned the mass of 1 unit. Therefore, the Oxygen atomic mass (15.9994) is not a whole number because it represents the average of all examples of the element, Oxygen (both those with 7 neutrons and those with 8 neutrons.) The average mass of protons and neutrons in an element. © 2013 Rice University – All Rights Reserved Group 1 Groups grupo: cada una de las columnas verticales de elementos (de arriba hacia abajo) de la tabla periodica. The columns on a Periodic Table that arrange the elements by the number of electrons that are in the outermost shell. © 2013 Rice University – All Rights Reserved Periods periodo: cada una de las hileras horizontales de elementos (de izquierda a derecha) de la table periodica. Period 1 Period 5 The rows in a Periodic Table that classify the elements by the number of electron shells. © 2013 Rice University – All Rights Reserved metales: La mayoría de los elementos son metales. Son típicamente sólido , brillante , y buenos conductores del calor y la electricidad . Metal Most elements are metals; they are typically solid, shiny, malleable, and good conductors of heat and electricity. © 2013 Rice University – All Rights Reserved Non-metal no metales: no brillante ; usualmente un gas o un sólido frágil . Malos conductores del calor y la electricidad . Elements typically not shiny, usually a gas or brittle solid, not malleable, and poor conductors of heat and electricity. © 2013 Rice University – All Rights Reserved Metalloids metaloides: elementos que tienen propiedades tanto de metales como de no metales; a veces de denominan semiconductores. Elements that have properties of both metals and non-metals; sometimes referred to as semiconductors. © 2013 Rice University – All Rights Reserved Noble Gases HBTFTOPCMFTMPTFMFNFOUP de valencia (a excepction del helio, que tiene dos). Group 18 del grupo 18 de la tabla periodica; son no metales no reactivios; sus atomos tienen ocho electrones UNREACTIVE: When outer energy level (or shell) is “filled” with its maximum number of electrons, the atom will not add or lose another electron; it is not reactive. Neon Ne 10P, 10N Filled Shell 8 Valence electrons Unreactive non-metals in Group 18 of the Period Table. © 2013 Rice University – All Rights Reserved Filled Shell 2 Valence electrons He 2P, 2N Electron Shell capa de electrones: la zona donde se encuentran los electrones. In a carbon atom, 2 electrons are located within the first shell and the next 4 electrons within the second shell. Remember that this is only a model. The atom is 3-dimentional, and a shell can be loosely compared to a layer of an onion with the electron appearing any place on the layer. CARBON A specific area where electrons of the same energy level are found. © 2013 Rice University – All Rights Reserved Valence Electrons electrones de valencia: los electrones del nivel externo de energia de un atomo; son importantes porque determinan como reaccionara un elemento con otras substancias. Fluorine 9 PROTONS Magnesium 12 PROTONS Hydrogen 1 PROTON The electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom that influence how an element will react with other substances. © 2013 Rice University – All Rights Reserved