Diapositiva 1 - BC3 Basque Centre for Climate Change

Diapositiva 1 - BC3 Basque Centre for Climate Change

SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO
DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
oecc
Oficina Española
de Cambio Climático
CLIMATE CHANGE
EU & SPANISH POLICIES
July 2010
Eduardo Gónzalez
Spanish Climate Change Office
oecc
Climate Change IPPC
4AR
SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO
DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
oecc
Oficina Española
de Cambio Climático
SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO
DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
From the objective to the actions
oecc
Oficina Española
de Cambio Climático
2ºC
450 ppm
Mitigation
pathway
Adaptation
SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO
DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
oecc
Oficina Española
de Cambio Climático
SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO
DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
oecc
Oficina Española
de Cambio Climático
SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO
DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
oecc
Oficina Española
de Cambio Climático
Fuente: McKinsey
SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO
DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
International response
oecc
Oficina Española
de Cambio Climático
– 1992 RIO SUMMIT: United Nations
Framework for Climate Change
– 1997 Kyoto Protocol (PK): First
commitment Period 2008-2012
– 2007 Bali Action plan (BAP): Objective
of reaching an agreement about post2012 regime
– 2009 Copenhague Accord COP 15
– 2010 COP 16 Cancún (November)
SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO
DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
oecc
International negotiations
2007
2008
2009
Oficina Española
de Cambio Climático
2010
Scientific findings: AR4 and others
COP12
COP13
COP14
COP15
COP16
Asia
Poland
Copenhague
México
Bali Action Plan
Copenhagen
Accord
AWG-LCA
Convention Dialogue
AWG KP
G8 Germany
MEM
G8 Japan
G8 Italy
MEF
SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO
DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
The Bali Action Plan - 2007
oecc
Oficina Española
de Cambio Climático
Building blocks
Fair contributions from
developing countries
Road Map
Long term goal/
Shared vision
Emission reduction targets
by developed countries
Adaptation
Technology
Mitigation
Finance
Other elements ….
Carbon
markets
Deforestation
Bunkers
AWG LCA
AWG KP
Commitments
for all parties
Commitments
for AI
SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO
DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
oecc
EU15 & Kioto Protocol 2008 2012
Oficina Española
de Cambio Climático
• EU15 objective: -8%
• There was a “trial” period 2005 2007
• The large emmiters are included in the
ETS (cap & trade)
• For the rest of sectors: policies &
measures
• Good expectations to meet the target
SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO
DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
European Union: GHG emmision
objectives for 2012
oecc
Oficina Española
de Cambio Climático
Global EU-15: -8%
compared to 1990
Non harmonized system
Common tool:
European Emmision
Different national objectives
(-21% to +27%)
Trading Scheme
15 NATIONAL ALLOCATION PLANS
SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO
DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
EU15 & Kioto
oecc
Oficina Española
de Cambio Climático
4.800
4.600
Mt CO2 eq.
4.400
4.200
4.000
3.800
3.600
1990
Emisiones EU-15
Medidas existentes EU-15
Objetivos EU-15 (Kioto)
Statu quo
1995
2000
2005
2010
Utilización de los mecanismos de Kioto por los gobiernos
Sumideros de carbono
Adquisición de derechos y créditos por sectores RCCDE
Medidas suplementarias EU-15
SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO
DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
Energy and Climate Change
Package (Dec 2008)
oecc
Oficina Española
de Cambio Climático
Global objective EU 27:
-20% compared to 1990
-14% compared to 2005
EU ETS Harmonized
system
-21% 2005
Diffuse Pollution
Average -10% 2005
27 National Objectives, desde -20% a +20%
Spain: -10%
SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO
DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
oecc
Oficina Española
de Cambio Climático
EU ETS REFORM
SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO
DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
Political context
oecc
Oficina Española
de Cambio Climático
• Overall objective: limit temperature increase to
2°C (3.6°F) above pre-industrial level
• European Council March 2007: 20/20/20 by
2020
• Commission proposals: Climate & Energy
Package from January 2008
• Legislation agreed in December 2008
• Formal adoption in April 2009. ETS: Directive
2009/29
• SPAIN: transposition through Law 13/2010 (July
2010)
SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO
DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
Scope: new sectors and gases
oecc
Oficina Española
de Cambio Climático
• New sectors: aluminium, non-ferrous
metals,plaster, chemical (different subsectors),
CCS
• Gases: PFCs in aluminium production, N2O in
the chemical sector
• New definitions: combustion, ceramic products…
• Possible opt-out for small instalations
(emissions below 25kt; thermal input below 35
MW) subject to equivalent measures
SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO
DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
oecc
Oficina Española
de Cambio Climático
Single EU-wide cap
Starting point:
1974 Mt in 2013
Gradient: -1.74%
2083 Mt/yr
1720 Mt
-20%
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
Linear factor to be reviewed by 2025
Aviation to be included; will change figures correspondingly, but cap not reduced
Disclaimer: all figures are provisional and do not account for new sectors in third period
SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO
DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
Harmonised Allocation Rules
oecc
Oficina Española
de Cambio Climático
• Harmonised allocation rules
• Auctioning is default allocation method
• Free allocation on basis of ambitious exante benchmark for those sectors
receiving free allocation
SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO
DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
Auctioning as predominant allocation method
oecc
Oficina Española
de Cambio Climático
• From 2013, more than 50% of allowances (all power minus
optional derogation) auctioned, gradually increasing
thereafter (2nd period: about 4% auctioned)
• Details of auctioning laid down in Regulation. Proposal
recently approved by Climate Change Council
• National auctions can coexist with central auction platform
• Allowances for auctioning are assigned to Member States
according to Directive: 88% according to MS emissions;
10% for some MMSS according to GDP per capita; 2 % for
some MMSS according to reductions achieved under the
Kyoto Protocol
SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO
DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
Use of auction revenues
oecc
Oficina Española
de Cambio Climático
• Member States decide on use of all auction
revenues
• 50% of revenues should be used for climate
related purposes including among others
– Global Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
Fund, Adaptation Fund
– Developing renewable energies
– Deforestation
– Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) including in third
countries
– Low emission and public forms of transport
SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO
DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
Carbon leakage
oecc
Oficina Española
de Cambio Climático
• List of sectors and subsectors determined
in December 2009
• Review every five years
• Criteria and thresholds laid down in
Directive:
– 5% cost increase and 10% trade exposure
– 30% for one of the two
• 100% of industry allowances allocated for
free on basis of ambitious benchmarks
SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO
DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
Community wide rules for
free allocation
oecc
Oficina Española
de Cambio Climático
• Free allocation on basis of ex-ante benchmark for those
sectors receiving free allocation. Regulation to be approved
before the end of 2010.
• Maximum determined by relative share of 2005 verified
emissions of installations receiving free allocation
• No state aid risk, no distortion of competition
• Phasing out free allocation for sectors not exposed to risk
of carbon leakage:
– 80% in 2013
– 30% by 2020
– With a view to reaching full auctioning in 2027
SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO
DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
International offsets
from CDM/JI:
oecc
Oficina Española
de Cambio Climático
• CDM and JI credits will be used up to 2020
• Supplementarity: 50% of reduction effort through
international carbon credits
• Quantitative provisions: Directives sets some minimums,
but the final share of credits that can be used to be decided
through comitology.
• Quality: comitology to provide a harmonised approach and
to ensure that credits represent real emission reductions
and bring about benefits to sustainable development
SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO
DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
Aviation included as from 2012
oecc
Oficina Española
de Cambio Climático
• Directive 2008/101/EC on inclusion of aviation in
EU ETS
– agreed in summer 2008
– adding appr. 10% of the annual 08-12 EU ETS cap
• Cap
– 2012: 97% of 2004-06 emissions
– From 2013 onwards: 95%
• Auctioning: 15% as from 2012
• Scope: all flights arriving to or departing from the
EU
SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO
DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
EU27 & Pos Kioto
oecc
Oficina Española
de Cambio Climático
6.000
Primer período de
compromiso
Después del 2012
5.500
Mteq CO2
5.000
4.500
4.000
3.500
3.000
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
Emisiones EU-27
Medidas suplementarias (EU-27)
Previsiones de referencia Primes-GAINS
Objetivo del 20% para 2020 (EU-27)
Objetivo del 30% para 2020 (EU-27)
Medidas existentes EU-27
GHG emissions in Spain
SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO
DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
oecc
Oficina Española
de Cambio Climático
Estimated Green house gas emissions, CO2-equivalent, have
experienced a decrease by 8.2% in relation with 2009, locating at
372,4 Million Tn in absolute value for 2009 (according to data base closed
29th April 2010), in comparisson with 405,7 Million Tn in 2008
The Kyoto Protocol Index of Reference is at 128,5% (considering as
100% the 289,8 Million of Tn of the year of reference of the KP). That
means a great progress taking into account the 115% of the KP.
160
151,4
150,2
150
147,5
145,1
140,0
137,1
140
139,6
131,4 131,3
128,5
126,8
130
116,9
120
113,3
108,7
110
100,0
98,4
100,6
104,6
103,1
106,2
99,2
100
90
Año
Base
PK
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
Total CO2 equivalente
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Avance
2009
SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO
DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
GHG emissions Projections up to
2012
oecc
Oficina Española
de Cambio Climático
650.000
600.000
550.000
500.000
450.000
Gg CO2 eq
400.000
350.000
300.000
250.000
200.000
Con medidas adicionales
Con medidas
Sin medidas
Pasado
Ref. Protocolo
150.000
100.000
50.000
0
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
Año
2013
2015
SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO
DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
Kyoto compliance pathway
Sinks: 5.8 Mt/yr
(2% of total
GHG emissions
in BY)
Projected gap:
101.3 Mt/yr
ETS - NAPII:
26.1 Mt/yr
(reductions
and/or purchase
of EUAs)
Additional measures:
37.8 Mt/yr
(lowing non-ETS
emissions from +61%
to +37%)
oecc
Oficina Española
de Cambio Climático
Purchase of
Kyoto credits:
31.8 Mt/yr
(to fill remaining
gap in non-ETS
sectors)
SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO
DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
oecc
Oficina Española
de Cambio Climático
EU ETS
SPAIN
SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO
DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
Legal framework
oecc
Oficina Española
de Cambio Climático
• Directive 2003/87, CE
• Law 1/2005
• National Allocation Plans 2005-2007 and
2008-2012
SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO
DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
EU ETS in Spain
oecc
Oficina Española
de Cambio Climático
• Constitutional framework: regions competent on
environment
• Distribution of responsibilities:
– Regions: permit, monitoring, sanctions.
– Central Administration: National Allocation Plan,
allocation, registry
• Coordination: Comission for Coordination of
Climate Change Policies (+ tecnical cooperation
group on ETS)
SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO
DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
EU ETS in Spain 2008-2012
oecc
Oficina Española
de Cambio Climático
• NAP 2008-2012:
– Scope: 45% of emissions
– Target: + 37%
– Allocation: 145.97 MT / year (-18.4% vs NAP
1)
– 100% free allocation
– Reduction effort in the power sector
– Use of flexible mechanisms: 42% power
sector; 7.9 % industrial sector.
– NER: 6.28 MT /year
SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO
DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
NAP1 vs NAP2
oecc
Oficina Española
de Cambio Climático
-18,4%
vs. NAP1
Mt/año
-19,8%
vs.
emissions
2005
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
183,59
173,24
189,85
178,88
145,97
Emisiones 2005 Asignación 2005 Emisiones 2005
PNA1
PNA2
SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO
DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
NAP 2008-2012 :
sectoral allocation
oecc
Oficina Española
de Cambio Climático
Asignación (Mt/año)
Sector eléctrico
Cogeneración
Otras instalaciones de combustión
Refinerías
Siderurgia - incluyendo coquerías,
calcinación y sinterización
Cemento y cal
Vidrio
Sector cerámico
Papel y cartón
TOTAL
2005-2007
85,40
13,00
10,14
15,25
2008-2012
54,420
12,037
5,630
16,133
11,23
29,99
2,93
5,65
5,30
178,88
12,212
31,427
2,833
5,796
5,483
145,973
SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO
DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
2009 vs. 2008 Emissions
oecc
Oficina Española
de Cambio Climático
Emisiones en 2009 frente a 2008: (E2009-E2008)/E2008
Combustión (1.b - 1.c)
Generación: otros
Generación: carbón
Generación: ciclo combinado
Generación: extrapeninsular
Generación: fuel
Industria: azulejos y baldosas
Industria: cal
Industria: cemento
Industria: fritas
Industria: pasta y papel
Industria: refino de petróleo
Industria: siderurgia
Industria: tejas y ladrillos
Industria: vidrio
Subtotal: Generación
Subtotal: Combustión (1.b - 1.c)
Subtotal: Industria
TOTAL
-2,0%
17,4%
-27,1%
-11,1%
-1,1%
-68,6%
-32,9%
-12,7%
-22,2%
-28,0%
-8,9%
-5,8%
-19,7%
-47,3%
-10,6%
-17,9%
-2,0%
-17,5%
-16,2%
35
SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO
DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
Emissions 2005-2009
oecc
Oficina Española
de Cambio Climático
Emisiones (Mt CO2-eq)
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Subtotal: Generación
107,64
99,72
105,75
88,73
72,84
Subtotal: Combustión
(1.b - 1.c)
16,95
13,98
14,92
15,59
15,28
Subtotal: Industria
65,30
66,01
65,88
59,14
48,81
189,89
179,71
186,55
163,46
136,93
TOTAL
36
SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO
DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
Allocation vs emissions 20082009
oecc
Oficina Española
de Cambio Climático
Cobertura relativa de la asignación en el periodo 2008-2009:
(A-E)/E
Combustión (1.b - 1.c)
-13,6%
Generación: otros
Generación: carbón
-46,0%
Generación: ciclo combinado
-32,5%
Generación: extrapeninsular
Generación: fuel -100,0%
Industria: azulejos y baldosas
Industria: cal
Industria: cemento
Industria: fritas
Industria: pasta y papel
Industria: refino de petróleo
Industria: siderurgia
Industria: tejas y ladrillos
Industria: vidrio
-22,2%
Subtotal: Generación
Subtotal: Combustión (1.b - 1.c)
Subtotal: Industria
TOTAL
17,3%
0,2%
56,2%
17,5%
40,6%
57,1%
24,7%
13,2%
34,4%
106,9%
24,9%
17,3%
32,9%
1,7%
37
SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO
DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
oecc
Non ETS sectors evolution in Spain
Oficina Española
de Cambio Climático
250.000
200.000
kt CO2eq
150.000
100.000
50.000
0
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
Año
RC&I
Transportes
Residuos
Fluorados
Uso de disolventes
Total difusos
Agricultura y Ganadería
SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO
DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
Spanish projections 2020 for non
ETS
oecc
Oficina Española
de Cambio Climático
250.000
240.000
230.000
kt CO2eq
220.000
210.000
200.000
190.000
180.000
170.000
160.000
150.000
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
Año
Escenario Tendencial
Escenario Con Medidas
2018
2020
SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO
DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
oecc
Oficina Española
de Cambio Climático
Policies & Measures
Spain
June, 2009
SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO
DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
Framework conditions
oecc
Oficina Española
de Cambio Climático
• High population and economic growth in the
last ten years, well above EU average
• Big increase in transport and housing demand
• GEI Emissions per capita below the EU-27
• Role of Hydro variability
• High external energy dependency
• Highly decentralized administrative system:
Regions and Local Entities with competences
in important matters relevant to climate
change
SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO
DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
IPCC 4th Assessment Report (2007)
oecc
Oficina Española
de Cambio Climático
Changes in annual runoff
Fuente: IPCC, AR4, 2007
SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO
DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
Spain is very vulnerable to Climate Change
oecc
Oficina Española
de Cambio Climático
• As a result of its geographical situation and
socio-economic characteristics. The most
recent assessments and research have
confirmed this vulnerability.
• The most serious environmental problems
that are aggravated by climate change are:
– The decrease of hydric resources (changes in
annual runoff)
– The natural regression of coasts
– Biodiversity and natural ecosystems losses
– Increase in soil erosion
• Other effects of climate change will have
serious additional impacts on the economic
sectors: agriculture; tourism
Combating Climate Change is a priority
for Spain
SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO
DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
Main objectives of the Spanish Climate Change
oecc
Policy
Oficina Española
de Cambio Climático
1. To fulfill international mitigation commitments by
promoting the overarching role of climate change
in sectoral policies, especially energy.
2. To reinforce knowledge on climate change
impacts and integrate adaptation in a number of
policies.
3. To contribute to increase international awareness
and cooperative action, to make possible a new
economic growth and development model.
SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO
DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
Division Ministry
of Responsibilities
of the Environment, and Rural
and Marine Affairs
Mrs. Elena Espinosa
Secretariat of State for Climate Change
Mrs. Teresa Ribera
SSCC Cabinet
General Directorate for
Environmental Quality
and Evaluation
General Directorate of
the Spanish Climate
Change Office
SG Air Quality and
Industrial Environment
SG Mitigation and
Technologies
SG Environmental
Evaluation
SG ETS and Flexible
Mechanisms
SG Sustainable
Production and
Consumption
SG Adaptation and
Impacts
oecc
Oficina Española
de Cambio Climático
State Agency of
Meteorology
National Related
climate change institutions
SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO
DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
oecc
Oficina Española
de Cambio Climático
 High Level Commission for Climate
Change: Deputy Prime Minister chairs.
9 Ministers attend.
 National Council on Climate: Minister
chairs
 Ministries, Regions, Local Entities,
Researches, Social agents, NGOs
 Commission for Climate Change
Policy Coordination: Secretary of
State for Climate Change chairs
 Ministries and Regions: executive
character. WGs of Emissions Trade,
Mitigation and Adaptation.
 Inter-Ministerial Group on Economic
Aspects Climate Change: Secretary of
State of Economy chairs.
SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO
DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
Key Ongoing Actions
oecc
Oficina Española
de Cambio Climático
• National Allocation Plan 2008-2012
– Flexible mechanisms
– Carbon Funds
• Spanish Climate Change and Clean Energy
Strategy. Horizon 2007-2012-2020
– Plan of Urgent Measures (2007)
• Strategic lines to reduce GHG emissions
• Spanish National Climate Change Adaptation
Plan
– Working programmes
• Sustainable Economic Law
• International Cooperation
SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO
DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
Spanish Climate Change and Clean
Energy Strategy. 2007-2012-2020
oecc
Oficina Española
de Cambio Climático
• First national plan against climate change
• Unanimously approved by the National Climate
Change Council
• Object: to provide a framework to develop public
policies related with climate change and
participation
• Includes different measures that contribute to
sustainable development within the scope of climate
change and clean energy.
• Three scenarios:
– 2007 urgent actions
– 2012 end of first Kyoto commitment period
– 2020 objectives EU Climate And Energy
Package
SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO
DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
Spanish Climate Change and Clean Energy
oecc
Strategy, Horizon 2007-2012-2020
Oficina Española
de Cambio Climático
• 198 measures, 75 indicators
Action lines
 Climate change
 Institutional cooperation
 Flexible mechanisms
 International cooperation and cooperation with developing
countries
 GHG emission trading scheme
 Sinks
 CO2 capture and geological storage
 Sectors concerned with diffuse pollution
 Adaptation
 Information and public awareness
 Horizontal measures
 Clean energy
 Energy efficiency
 Renewable energies
 Demand management
 Research, development and innovation
SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO
DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
Spanish Climate Change and Clean
Energy Strategy. 2007-2012-2020
oecc
Oficina Española
de Cambio Climático
Plan of Urgent measures
• Key area: Energy Saving and Efficiency Action
Plan 2008-2012
• Purpose:
Identify those initiatives that can be implemented in
2007 to consolidate the trend change in GHG
emissions that are of the Government’s
competence
• Seven sectors and different gases
• Total reductions: 270 Mt CO2 eq in the period
Plan of Urgent Measures
SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO
DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
oecc
Oficina Española
de Cambio Climático
SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO
DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
Plan of Urgent Measures
oecc
Oficina Española
de Cambio Climático
SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO
DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
Fiscal Instruments
oecc
Oficina Española
de Cambio Climático
 Modification of vehicles registration tax
<120 gCO2/km (80 mb)
≥120, <160 gCO2/km (80, 100
mb)
≥160, <200 gCO2/km (100,
120 mb)
≥200 gCO2/km (120 mb, 74
kW)
0%
4.75%
9.75%
14.75%
 Evaluation of the modification of the vehicle
circulation tax
 Biofuels special taxes
SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO
DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
Strategic lines
oecc
Oficina Española
de Cambio Climático
•
•
•
Sustainable mobility:
– Inter-urban transport
– Metropolitan areas
– Urban mobility
– Clean and efficient means of transport
Sustainable construction:
– New buildings
– Existing buildings
– Non-residential sector
– Equipment
Sustainable energy:
– Law on Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
– Review and updating of Energy Savings and
Efficiency Plan and Renewable Energy Plan
– CCS
Wastes and manure management:
Forestry policy and sinks:
•
Innovation:
•
•
SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO
DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
CDM/JI Policies
oecc
Oficina Española
de Cambio Climático
•
Target: 159 MtCO2 (57 MtCO2 already committed)
•
Main Carbon Funds:
– World Bank: 40 MtCO2, 205 M€
– Spanish Carbon Fund: 34 MtCO2, 170 M€ (+50 M€
private sector; 2008: +70M€ public)
– Community Development Carbon Fund: 4 MtCO2,
20 M€
– Bio-Carbon Fund: 2 MtCO2, 10 M€ (+5,2 M€)
– CF Assist Programme: 5 M€
– World Bank future funds
– Carbon Partnership Facility: 5 M€
– Forest Carbon Partnership Facility: 5 M€
– CAF (Corporación Andina de Fomento): 9 MtCO2, 47
M€
SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO
DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
Spanish National Climate Change
Adaptation Plan
oecc
Oficina Española
de Cambio Climático
Objectives:
• Climate scenarios for the Spanish
geography
• Methods and tools
• Incorporate to the Spanish R&D&i system
the needs for climate change impact
assessment.
• Continuous information and communication
• Participation of all stakeholders
• Reports on the evaluation results
SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO
DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
Spanish National Climate Change
Adaptation Plan
Sectors and Systems dealt with in the PNACC
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Biodiversity
Water resources
Forests
Agriculture
Coastal areas
Inland hunting and fishing
Mountain areas
Fishing and marine ecosystems
Transport
Human health
Tourism Industry and energy
Finance - Insurance policies
Urban planning and construction
oecc
Oficina Española
de Cambio Climático
SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO
DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
oecc
Oficina Española
de Cambio Climático
Copenhagen Accord and next
steps
SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO
DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
International negociations
The outcome of Copenhaguen
oecc
Oficina Española
de Cambio Climático
• Copenhaguen Accord - December 2009
– Negotiated and agreed by Heads of State and
Government
– Supported by a majority of Parties, including main
emitters (80% GHG emissions) but not formally
adopted under the UNFCCC
– Political consensus in the long term from
developed and developing countries, including
emerging economies
– Relevant key elements for immediate
implementation and for continuing work under
UNFCCC
• Continuity of two tracks under the BAP within
the UNFCCC
SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO
DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
oecc
Oficina Española
de Cambio Climático
Key elements of the CPH Accord
 Recognition of the 2ºC objective
 EMISSION REDUCTIONS: Reference to the need for
reducing emissions and peaking.
• Annex I quantified emission reductions
• NAI mitigation actions
• Transparency: Provisions for both AI and NAI
 Need for enhance action and international cooperation on
ADAPTATION and the need for support.
 DEFORESTATION. Agreement on the need for a
mechanism to address REDD+.
 CARBON MARKETS : Reference to the role of markets to
enhance the cost effectiveness of mitigation actions.
 TECHNOLOGY: Creation of a Technology Mechanism to
accelerate TT.
 REVIEW of the ACCORD in 2015 as well as the long term
objectives in line with science. Reference to 1.5ºC.
 FINANCE: Fast start finace; Long term Finance;
Copenhagen Green Climate Fund; High Level Panel.
SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO
DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
The way forward
oecc
Oficina Española
de Cambio Climático
Fast Start Finance: “approaching 30 billion
USD 2010-2012”.
• New and additional.
• Balanced between Mitigation and adaptation.
• Inmediate actions and preparation the medium and
longer term
• Quick: through existing multilateral and bilateral
institutions.
EU Fast Start Finance:
• EUR 2.4 billion on average annually for the years 2010 to
2012 (total EUR 7.2 billion- 10 billion USD- for the period
2010 to 2012).
 High Level Panel (Copenhagen Accord)
• Scope: to study the contribution of the potential sources
of revenue, including alternative sources of finance,
towards meeting the long term finance goal.
UN Secretary General set up a High Level
Advisory Group
SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO
DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
Where are we now?
oecc
Oficina Española
de Cambio Climático
• EU needs to be ready to lead and interact in a new
international and geostrategic scenario.
• UNFCCC negotiations are back and running but more action is
required.
• We´re already implementing the foundations of the future
regime that need to be translated into a multilaral agreement
• For the following months, the EU needs to be pragmatic and
realistic making use of all the means and fora available to have
a successful and balanced outcome in Cancun
SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO
DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
oecc
Oficina Española
de Cambio Climático
Thank you!
oecc