Spanish III Honors: Essential questions, vocabulary and grammar

Spanish III Honors: Essential questions, vocabulary and grammar

Spanish III Final Exam Study Guide
C-4A to C-6B
(Essential questions, vocabulary and grammar)
Capítulo 4A: essential questions, vocabulary and grammar
Essential questions:
1. Who are your family members?
2. Who are family members in Hispanic families?
3. What childhood toys and games do you remember?
4. What activities did you do repeatedly in the past?
5. What toys did you have when you were a child?
6. How frequently did you play with toys?
7. What adjectives do you use in order to describe situations or people?
8. How do you form the Imperfect tense?
9. What are the similarities between Present tense endings of –AR verbs and the endings
of the Imperfect tense?
10. What common expression do you use when you talk about movies?
11. How do you conjugate the only three irregular verbs in the Imperfect tense?
12. When do you use the Imperfect tense?
13. What nouns and adjectives are associated to your childhood?
14. What is an Indirect Object?
15. What question does the I.O. answer?
16. What pronouns take the place of the I.O.?
17. How do you clarify the third person of the I.O.P.?
18. Where are the I.O.P. placed in a sentence?
19. What are the endings of the Imperfect tense?
Vocabulario:
to name toys
los bloques
la colección, pl. las
colecciones
la cuerda
el dinosaurio
la muñeca
el muñeco
el oso de peluche
el tren eléctrico
el triciclo
to name animals
el pez, pl. los peces
la tortuga
blocks
collection
rope
dinosaur
doll
action figure
teddy bear
electric train
tricycle
todo el mundo
el vecino, la vecina
la verdad
other useful words
la moneda
el mundo
coin
world
fish
turtle
to discuss things you used to do
coleccionar
to collect
molestar
to bother
pelearse
to fight
saltar (a la cuerda)
to jump (rope)
to name places
la guardería
infantil
el patio de recreo
to explain your actions
de niño, -a
de pequeño, -a
de vez en cuando
mentir (e → ie)
obedecer (c → zc)
ofrecer (c → zc)
permitir
por lo general
portarse bien / mal
to describe what someone was like
bien educado, -a
well-behaved
consentido, -a
spoiled
desobediente
disobedient
generoso, -a
generous
obediente
obedient
tímido, -a
timid
travieso, -a
naughty,
mischievous
daycare center
playground
as a child
as a child
once in a while
to lie
to obey
to offer
to permit, to allow
in general
to behave well
badly
everyone
neighbor
truth
Imperfect or Ir
Iba
Ibas
Iba
íbamos
ibais
iban
imperfect of jugar
jugaba
jugábamos
jugabas
jugabais
jugaba
jugaban
imperfect of ser
era
éramos
eras
erais
era
eran
imperfect of tener
tenía
teníamos
tenías
teníais
tenía
tenían
Indirect object pronouns
me
nos
te
os
le
les
Gramática:
The imperfect tense: regular verbs
¿Recuerdas?
You have already learned to talk about completed actions in the past using
the preterite tense.
• Ayer Rafael patinó y Mónica corrió en el parque.
Another way to talk about the past is with the imperfect tense.
Use the imperfect tense to talk about actions that happened repeatedly in
the past.
Rafael patinaba y Mónica corría.
Rafael used to skate and Monica used to run.
Here are the regular forms of -ar, -er, and -ir verbs in the imperfect tense.
Notice the accent mark on the nosotros form of jugar:
(yo)
(tú)
Ud.
(él)
(ella)
jugaba
jugabas
jugaba
(nosotros)
(nosotras)
jugábamos
(vosotros)
(vosotras)
jugabais
Uds.
(ellos)
(ellas)
jugaban
Note that -er and -ir verbs, such as hacer and vivir, have the same endings:
(yo)
hacía
vivía
(nosotros)
(nosotras)
hacíamos
vivíamos
(tú)
hacías
vivías
(vosotros)
(vosotras)
hacíais
vivíais
Ud.
(él)
(ella)
hacía
vivía
Uds.
(ellos)
(ellas)
hacían
vivían
Notice the accent mark on each ending.
•
As you know, in Spanish you can often omit the subject of a verb because the subject is made
clear in the verb ending:
Vivo en Chicago. (The subject, yo, is included in the verb ending.)
However, since the yo and Ud. / él / ella forms are the same in the imperfect for
-ar, -er, and -ir verbs, speakers often use the subject pronouns to avoid confusion.
Patricia tenía un triciclo rojo pero yo tenía uno azul.
•
Expressions such as generalmente, por lo general, a menudo, muchas veces, de vez en cuando,
todos los días, and nunca can cue you to use the imperfect because they imply that something
happened repeatedly in the past.
The imperfect tense: irregular verbs
There are only three irregular verbs in the imperfect tense: ir, ser, and ver. Here are all the forms:
ir
(yo)
iba
(nosotros)
(nosotras)
íbamos
(tú)
ibas
(vosotros)
(vosotras)
ibais
iba
Uds.
(ellos)
(ellas)
iban
(yo)
era
(nosotros)
(nosotras)
éramos
(tú)
eras
(vosotros)
(vosotras)
erais
Ud.
(él)
(ella)
era
Uds.
(ellos)
(ellas)
eran
Ud.
(él)
(ella)
ser
•
Notice the accent mark on the nosotros form for the verbs ir and ser.
ver
(yo)
veía
(nosotros)
(nosotras)
veíamos
(tú)
veías
(vosotros)
(vosotras)
veíais
Ud.
(él)
(ella)
veía
Uds.
(ellos)
(ellas)
veían
•
Notice the accent mark on each form of ver.
Indirect object pronouns
Remember that an indirect object tells to whom or for whom an action is performed.
Indirect object pronouns are used to replace or accompany an indirect object noun.
Nuestros profesores no nos permitían beber refrescos en clase.
Sus abuelos siempre les daban regalos a los niños.
me
te
le
Singular
(to / for) me
(to / for) you (familiar)
(to / for) him, her, you (formal)
nos
os
les
Plural
(to / for) us
(to / for) you (familiar)
(to / for) them, you (formal)
• Because le and les have more than one meaning, you can make the meaning clear by adding a + name,
noun, or pronoun.
Lolita siempre les decía la verdad a sus padres.
Lolita siempre les decía la verdad a ellos.
• Like direct object pronouns and reflexive pronouns, indirect object pronouns are placed right before
the verb or attached to the infinitive.
Siempre le quería comprar dulces a su hija.
Siempre quería comprarle dulces a su hija.
Capítulo 4B
Essential questions:
1. What are some typical Spanish customs and manners that differ from those of the US?
2. What are some special events in the Spanish culture?
3. What cultures have been using bulls for religious or entertainment purposes?
4. What is a bullfight?
5. What kind of bull is used in bullfights?
6. How do men and women greet and say goodbye in Spanish-speaking countries?
7. What is Vasco or Euskera?
8. Where is Alsasua?
9. What is a reciprocal action?
10. How do they celebrate Easter in Sevilla, Spain?
11. How do they celebrate Carnaval in Latin America?
12. When do we use the Imperfect tense?
13. What is a D.O.P.?
14. What is an I.O.P.?
15. What is “La ceremonia del lazo”?
16. What is a reciprocal action?
17. How do you use D.O.P. and I.O.P.?
18. Where in a sentence do you place a D.O.P. and I.O.P.?
19. What is El Roscón de Reyes?
Vocabulario:
Talk about manners and customs
abrazar(se)
besar(se)
dar(se) la mano
despedirse (e → i)
(de)
los modales
saludar(se)
sonreír (e → í)
to talk about people
el bebé, la bebé
contar (o → ue)
(chistes)
llevarse bien / mal
llorar
los mayores
los parientes
reírse (e→ i )
reunirse (u→ ú)
to hug
to kiss
to shake hands
to say good-bye
(to)
manners
to greet
to smile
to discuss the past
antiguo, -a
frecuentemente
había
mientras (que)
recordar (o → ue)
old, antique
frequently
there was /
there were
while
to remember
baby
to tell (jokes)
to get along well /
badly
to cry
grown-ups
relatives
to laugh
to meet
to talk about special events
alrededor de
around
el aniversario
anniversary
casarse (con)
to get married (to)
charlar
to chat
la costumbre
custom
cumplir años
to have a birthday
el desfile
parade
el día festivo
holiday
divertirse (e → ie)
to have fun
enorme
enormous
¡Felicidades!
Congratulations!
felicitar
to congratulate
la fiesta de sorpresa surprise party
los fuegos artificiales fireworks
hacer un picnic
to have a picnic
nacer
to be born
regalar
to give (a gift)
la reunión, pl. las
gathering
reuniones
using the imperfect tense to describe a
situation
La casa donde vivía el año pasado estaba al
lado del lago.
Había mucha gente en la fiesta de
sorpresa.
Mis padres me felicitaban todos los
días.
reciprocal actions
Los estudiantes se saludaban todos
los días.
Nos veíamos frecuentemente
cuando éramos niños.
Se escribían por correo electrónico
de vez en cuando.
Gramática:
The imperfect tense: describing a situation
¿Recuerdas?
You know how to use the imperfect tense to say what someone used
to do.
• Siempre nos reuníamos para los días festivos.
• Mis primos y yo jugábamos mucho.
In addition to saying what someone used to do, the
imperfect tense is used:
• to describe people, places, and situations in the past
La casa de mis abuelos era enorme. Tenía cinco dormitorios.
• to talk about a past action or situation when no beginning or end is specified
Había mucha gente en la casa para el aniversario de mis abuelos.
• to describe the situation or background information when something else happened or
interrupted the ongoing action. In these cases, the imperfect tense is used to tell what
someone was doing when something happened (preterite).
Todos mis parientes bailaban cuando llegamos.
All my relatives were dancing when we arrived.
Reciprocal actions
¿Recuerdas?
You already know that Nos vemos means “We’ll see each other later.”
Sometimes the reflexive pronouns se and nos are used to express the idea “(to) each other.”
These are called reciprocal actions.
Los novios se abrazaban y se besaban.
The bride and groom were hugging each other and kissing each other.
Por lo general nos saludábamos con un abrazo.
También nos dábamos la mano.
We usually greeted each other with a hug. We also would shake hands.
Capítulo 5A
Essential questions:
1. What Spanish verb do we use in order to talk about weather expressions?
2. What Spanish verb do we used to talk about thirst, hunger, and age?
3. What are some of the items you have in your house?
4. What words describe natural disasters and crisis situations?
5. What common words do we use in emergencies, rescues, and other heroic acts?
6. Where is Cuba?
7. Where is Guantánamo?
8. What political system do they have in Cuba?
9. What forms of the verbs Oír, Creer, Leer, and Destruir are irregular in the Preterit?
10. What forms of Oír, Creer, Leer, and Destruir have an accent mark in the Preterit?
Vocabulario:
to talk about natural disasters and
weather extremes
el huracán, pl. los
hurricane
huracanes
la inundación, pl.
flood
las inundaciones
llover (o → ue)
to rain
la lluvia
rain
nevar (e → ie)
to snow
el terremoto
earthquake
to tell a story
a causa de
afortunadamente
asustado, -a
la causa
de prisa
de repente
gritar
hubo
llamar
because of
fortunately
frightened
cause
in a hurry
suddenly
to scream
there was
to call (on the
la tormenta
to discuss the news
el artículo
investigar
el locutor, la
locutora
el noticiero
ocurrir
el reportero, la
reportera
tratar de
to talk about fires
apagar
bajar
el bombero, la
bombera
comenzar (e → ie)
destruir (i → y)
dormido, -a
el edificio de
apartamentos
la escalera
escaparse
esconder(se)
la explosión, pl. las
explosiones
el humo
el incendio
los muebles
muerto, -a
el paramédico, la
paramédica
quemar(se)
se murieron
subir
to discuss rescues
herido, -a
el herido, la
herida
el héroe
storm
article
to investigate
announcer
newscast
to occur
reporter
(por teléfono)
oír
sin duda
¡Socorro!
phone)
to hear
without a doubt
Help!
present of oír
oigo
oyes
oye
oímos
oís
oyen
to try to
preterite of oír
to put out (fire)
to go down
firefighter
to start
to destroy
asleep
apartment
building
ladder
to escape
to hide (oneself)
explosion
smoke
fire
furniture
dead
paramedic
oí
oíste
oyó
oímos
oísteis
oyeron
preterite of creer
creí
creíste
creyó
creímos
creísteis
creyeron
preterite of leer
leí
leíste
leyó
leímos
leísteis
leyeron
to burn (oneself),
preterite of destruir
to
burn up
destruí
destruimos
they died
destruiste
destruisteis
to go up
destruyó
destruyeron
injured
injured person
heroe
la heroína
rescatar
salvar
valiente
la vida
vivo, -a
heroine
to rescue
to save
brave
life
living, alive
Gramática:
The imperfect tense: other uses
¿Recuerdas?
You already know how to use the imperfect tense together with the preterite to describe
a situation that existed when something else happened.
• Nadie estaba en la casa cuando los bomberos entraron.
The imperfect tense may also be used:
To tell what time it was or what the weather was like when something happened.
Eran
las cinco de la mañana y llovía mucho cuando el accidente ocurrió.
To describe the physical, mental, and emotional states of a person or thing when something happened.
Muchas personas querían ayudar a la familia, pero no sabían qué hacer.
These verbs are often used in the imperfect to describe states of being:
estar (triste, contento, cansado)
parecer (cansado, mal)
pensar
querer
sentirse (bien, enfermo)
tener (calor, frío, hambre, sed, sueño)
Había and hubo are forms of haber and both mean “there was, there were.” Había is used to
describe a situation that existed in the past, while hubo is used to say that an event took place.
Había
mucho humo en el apartamento.
terremoto ayer a las seis de la mañana.
Hubo un
The preterite of the verbs oír, leer, creer, and destruir
¿Recuerdas?
You know the expression ¡Oye! (“Hey!”), which is used to get someone’s attention.
Oye is the affirmative tú command form of oír. It is formed from the present-tense
Ud. / él / ella form of the verb.
In the preterite forms of oír, the i changes to y in the Ud. / él / ella and Uds./ ellos /
ellas forms. There is also an accent mark over the i in all other forms. Here are the
present and preterite forms of oír:
Oír
Present tense
oigo
oyes
oye
Preterite tense
oí
oímos
oíste
oísteis
oyó
oyeron
oímos
oís
oyen
Creer and leer follow the same pattern in the preterite.
Creer
creí
creíste
creyó
-
creímos
creísteis
creyeron
Leer
leí
leíste
leímos
leísteis
leyó
leyeron
el artículo sobre el incendio en el periódico?
No, oí el noticiero en la televisión.
¿Leíste
Destruir
is conjugated like oír, creer, and leer in the preterite except that the tú,

nosotros, and vosotros forms do not have accent marks.
¿Destruiste
la carta que le mandó Raúl?
El incendio destruyó todos los muebles de la casa.
Capítulo 5B
Essential questions:
1. What are the Spanish names of some body parts?
2. What are some common accidents?
3. What happens in an emergency room?
4. What are the Preterit endings of the verbs Venir, Poner, Decir, Traer?
5. What are the stems we use to conjugate the Preterit of Venir, Poner, Decir, Traer?
6. What Spanish verb do we use in order to form the progressive tenses?
7. How do we form the present participle of –ir stem-changing verbs?
Vocabulario:
to talk about treatments for medical
conditions
doler (o → ue)
to hurt
el dolor
pain
el enfermero,
nurse
la enfermera
examinar
to examine, to
check
la inyección, pl.
injection, shot
las inyecciones
poner una
to give an
inyección
injection
la medicina
medicine
las muletas
crutches
las pastillas
pills
las puntadas
stitches
dar puntadas
to stitch
(surgically)
la radiografía
X-ray
sacar una radiografía to take an X-ray
la receta
prescription
recetar
to prescribe
roto, -a
broken
to name parts of the body
el codo
elbow
el cuello
neck
la espalda
back
el hombro
shoulder
el hueso
bone
la muñeca
wrist
el músculo
muscle
la rodilla
knee
el tobillo
ankle
preterite of venir
vine
viniste
vino
vinimos
vinisteis
vinieron
la sala de
emergencia
la sangre
la silla de ruedas
la venda
el yeso
emergency room
preterite of decir and traer
blood
wheelchair
bandage
cast
to explain how an accident occurred
el accidente
accident
la ambulancia
ambulance
caerse
to fall
me caigo
I fall
te caes
you fall
se cayó
he / she fell
se cayeron
they / you fell
chocar con
to crash into, to
collide with
cortarse
to cut oneself
lastimarse
to hurt oneself
¿Qué te pasó?
What happened
to you?
romperse
to break, to tear
torcerse (o → ue)
to twist, to
sprain
tropezar (e → ie)
to trip (over)
(con)
other useful words and expressions
moverse (o → ue)
to move
pobrecito, -a
poor thing
¡Qué lástima!
What a shame!
sentirse (e → ie)
to feel
dije
dijiste
dijo
traje
trajiste
trajo
dijimos
dijisteis
dijeron
trajimos
trajisteis
trajeron
preterite of pone
puse
pusiste
puso
pusimos
pusisteis
pusieron
imperfect progressive tense
Use the imperfect-tense forms of estar + the
present participle to say that something was
taking place over a period of time in the past.
present participles:
stem + -ando → caminando
-ar
stem + -iendo → corriendo
-er
stem + -iendo → escribiendo
-ir
Grammar:
Irregular preterites: venir, poner, decir, and traer
The verbs venir, poner, decir, and traer follow a pattern in
the preterite that is similar to that of estar, poder, and tener.
All these verbs have irregular stems and use the same
unaccented endings.
Infinitive
decir
estar
poder
poner
tener
traer
venir
-e
-iste
-o
Stem
dijestuvpudpustuvtrajvin-
Irregular preterite endings
-imos
-isteis
-ieron / -eron
Note that verbs like decir and traer, whose irregular stems end in j, drop the i in the
Uds. / ellos / ellas form and add only -eron.
Me trajeron una silla de ruedas y me dijeron que no debía tratar de caminar.
Imperfect progressive and preterite
¿Recuerdas?
When you say that an action is happening right now, you use the present progressive
tense. The present progressive uses the present tense of estar + the present participle.
• No puedo ir al cine. Estoy estudiando para el examen.
To describe something that was taking place over a period of time in the past, use the
imperfect progressive, which uses the imperfect tense of estar + the present participle.
Estaba esquiando cuando me caí y me torcí la rodilla.
I was skiing when I fell and sprained my knee.
The present and imperfect progressive tenses use the same present participles.
Remember, to form the present participle of -ir stem-changing verbs, e changes to i and
o changes to u:
For the following -er
verbs, the i of -iendo
changes to y:
e
decir: diciendo
pedir: pidiendo
repetir: repitiendo
→i
o
seguir: siguiendo
servir: sirviendo
vestir: vistiendo
→u
dormir: durmiendo
i→y
creer:
creyendo
leer: leyendo
traer: trayendo
• When you use object pronouns with the imperfect progressive, you can put them
before estar or attach them to the participle.
— ¿Qué estabas haciendo cuando te cortaste?
— Estaba afeitándome. o: Me estaba afeitando.
• Note that the imperfect progressive describes what was taking place while the preterite
tells a specific occurrence in the past or interrupts the action.
Ella estaba corriendo cuando se lastimó el tobillo.
Capítulo 6A: essential questions, vocabulary and grammar
Essential questions:
1. What TV programs do you watch?
2. How many hours per day do you spend watching TV?
3. What type of TV programs do you think they watch in the Spanish-speaking world?
4. What is life like in Susquehanna Township?
5. What are some interesting things to visit in and around Harrisburg?
6. What do you do here that you think is similar to what students do in Spain?
7. What is your school day like?
8. What activities do you do after school and/or on weekends?
9. What do you do during your holiday breaks?
10. Where do you go and what do you do there when you have vacation?
11. What vocabulary do you use to talk about sport events?
Vocabulario:
to talk about a sporting event
el aficionado, la
aficionada
al final
aplaudir
el / la atleta
el campeón,
la campeona pl.
los campeones
el campeonato
la competencia
competir (e → i)
el empate
el entrenador,
la entrenadora
fenomenal
el jugador,
la jugadora
la liga
meter un gol
perder (e → ie)
por . . . vez
resultar
fan
at the end
to applaud
athlete
champion
championship
competition
to compete
tie
coach, trainer
phenomenal
player
to talk about how you feel
aburrirse
agitado, -a
alegre
emocionado, -a
to get bored
agitated
happy
excited,
emotional
enojado, -a
angry
enojarse
to get angry
furioso, -a
furious
ponerse + adjective to become
volverse
to go crazy
(o → ue) loco, -a
other useful words
dormirse (o → ue,
o → u)
morirse (o → ue,
o → u)
to fall asleep
to die
league
to score a goal
to lose
for the . . . time preterite of -ir stem-changing verbs
preferir
to result, to
turn out
el tanteo
score
preferí
preferimos
último, -a
last, final
preferiste
preferisteis
prefirió
prefirieron
to talk about a contest
el auditorio
el comentario
auditorium
commentary
pedir
el concurso de
belleza
la entrevista
entrevistar
un millón de /
millones de
el premio
el presentador,
la presentadora
el público
la reina
beauty contest
interview
to interview
a million /
millions of
prize
presenter
audience
queen
pedí
pediste
pidió
pedimos
pedisteis
pidieron
dormir
dormí
dormiste
durmió
dormimos
dormisteis
durmieron
Gramática:
Preterite of -ir stem-changing verbs
¿Recuerdas?
You know that stem changes in the present tense take place in all forms except nosotros and vosotros.
preferir (e → ie)
• Prefiero ver programas deportivos.
pedir (e → i)
• Pedimos los espaguetis.
dormir (o → ue)
• Los hermanos duermen tarde.
In the preterite, -ir verbs like preferir, pedir, and dormir also have stem changes but
only in the Ud. /él/ella and Uds./ellos/ellas forms. In these forms e changes to i and
o changes to u.
Mi mamá se aburrió y se durmió durante la película.
Mis padres prefirieron ver el concurso de belleza.
En la liga compitieron los mejores equipos de México.
•
Note the special spelling of the preterite forms of reír: reí, reíste, rió, reímos, reísteis,
rieron
Here are other -ir verbs with stem changes in the preterite tense.
•
Verbs like preferir: divertirse, mentir, sentirse
•
Verbs like pedir: competir, despedirse, repetir, seguir, servir, vestirse
•
Verbs like dormir: morir
•
Verbs like reír: sonreír
Other reflexive verbs
¿Recuerdas?
You know that you use reflexive verbs to say that people do
something to or for themselves.
• Felipe se afeitaba mientras yo
me cepillaba los dientes.
Other reflexive verbs use reflexive pronouns and verb forms but do not have the meaning
of a person doing an action to or for himself or herself. These reflexive verbs often
describe a change in mental, emotional, or physical state, and can express the idea that
someone “gets” or “becomes.”
Examples of these verbs are:
aburrirse
casarse
divertirse
dormirse
to get bored
to get married
to have fun
to fall asleep
to become angry
enojarse
to become
ponerse
(furious, happy, . . . )
(furioso, -a; alegre; . . . )
volverse loco, -a to go crazy
Se durmieron durante la película.
Se puso alegre después de ganar.
Capítulo 6B: essential questions, vocabulary and grammar
Essential questions:
1. What common expression do you use to talk about movies?
2. Who was Mario Moreno “Cantinflas”?
3. What pronouns do we use with verbs like Gustar?
4. Which ones are the 6 Indirect Object pronouns?
5. What is the conjugation of the present tense of Haber?
6. How do you form the past participle of –ar, -er, and –ir ending verbs?
7. What event is known in Mexico as Cinco de Mayo?
8. What important grammatical concepts did you learn in Spanish III?
Vocabulario:
to talk about movies
alquilar
el amor
arrestar
capturar
el crimen
el (la) criminal
el crítico, la crítica
el (la) detective
enamorarse (de)
to rent
love
to arrest
to capture
crime
criminal
critic
detective
to fall in love
(with)
(estar) enamorado, -a (to be) in love
other useful words
no . . . todavía not yet
indirect object pronouns
me
nos
te
os
le
les
de
la estrella (del cine)
el (la) extraterrestre
fascinar
el fracaso
el galán
he visto
has visto
el ladrón, la ladrona,
pl. los ladrones
matar
la película de acción
¿Qué tal es . . . ?
recomendar (e → ie)
robar
será
with
(movie) star
alien
to fascinate
failure
leading man
I have seen
you have seen
thief
present perfect
haber + past participle
he estudiado
hemos
estudiado
has estudiado
habéis
estudiado
ha estudiado
han estudiado
to kill
action film
How is (it) . . . ? past participles
hablar → hablado
to recommend
to rob, to steal
comer → comido
he / she / it will
vivir → vivido
be
tener éxito
to succeed, to be
successful
tratarse de
to be about
irregular past participles:
la víctima
victim
decir: dicho
la violencia
violence
devolver: devuelto
escribir: escrito
to talk about making movies
hacer: hecho
la actuación
acting
morir: muerto
el argumento
plot
poner: puesto
la dirección
direction
el director, la
director
romper: roto
directora
ver: visto
los efectos especiales special effects
volver: vuelto
la escena
scene
estar basado, -a en
el papel
hacer el papel de
to be based on
role
to play the role
of
el personaje principal main character
Gramática:
Verbs that use indirect object pronouns
Here are some verbs that you’ve already learned that use indirect object pronouns.
aburrir
doler
encantar
fascinar
gustar
importar
interesar
molestar
parecer
quedar
to bore
to ache
to love
to fascinate
to like
to matter
to interest
to bother
to seem
to fit
These verbs all use a similar construction: indirect object pronoun + verb + subject.
Les encantan los efectos especiales en esa película.
Nos aburre mucho esa película.
A + a noun or a pronoun is often used with these verbs for emphasis or clarification. The
pronouns agree with and clarify the indirect object pronoun.
(A mí)
me
(A nosotros)
(A nosotras)
nos
(A ti)
te
(A vosotros)
(A vosotras)
os
(A Ud.)
(A él)
(A ella)
le
(A Uds.)
(A ellos)
(A ellas)
les
A mí me importan mucho los efectos especiales en una película.
A Juanita le fascinan las películas de terror.
¿A Uds. les parece realista la película de acción?
The present perfect
The present perfect tense is used to say what a person has done.
Recientemente hemos alquilado muchos videos.
Recently we have rented a lot of videos.
To form the present perfect tense, use present-tense forms of haber +
the past participle.
he alquilado
hemos alquilado
has alquilado
habéis alquilado
ha alquilado
han alquilado
To form the past participle of a verb, drop the ending of the infinitive
and add -ado for -ar verbs and -ido for -er and -ir verbs.
hablar → hablado
comer → comido
vivir → vivido
Most verbs that have two vowels together in the infinitive have
a written accent on the í of the past participle.
caer → caído
leer → leído
oír → oído
traer → traído
Some verbs have irregular past participles.
decir
→ dicho
devolver → devuelto
escribir → escrito
hacer → hecho
morir
→ muerto
poner → puesto
romper → roto
ver
→ visto
volver → vuelto
When you use object or reflexive pronouns with the present perfect,
the pronoun goes immediately before the form of haber.
— ¿Has visto la nueva película de Ramón Guevara?
— No, no la he visto.