Revisión del conocimiento científico de la ZEE
Transcripción
Revisión del conocimiento científico de la ZEE
Interactions between fisheries and other activities in the Uruguayan EEZ Marín Y., Chocca J., González B. & G. Beathyate Characterization of the Uruguayan Continental Margin – EEZ Ecosystem approach to fisheries Complex system Undefined limits Interconnected processes Integration between disciplines and dimensions is required Different scales The human activity dimension • • • • • Fisheries is only one of many activities Limited resources Multiple use and growing needs Competition and conflicts Consequence = is necessary to find management instruments Spatial planning is one of those instruments Incluyendo nuevas actividades Incluyendo nuevos límites Las pesquerías están sometidas a límites • • • • • • Geográficos y topográficos Biológicos: distribución de los recursos Operativos: según arte de pesca Manejo y ordenación de pesquerías: vedas, interacción entre flotas ... Externas: existencia de otras actividades El espacio es escaso Hay nuevos proyectos Necesidad de armonizar intereses Fuente: FAO Fisheries Technical Paper No. 443, 2003 Spatial competition, how are fisheries affected ? Submarine cables and fisheries as study case © 2003, MBARI - Optic fiber, 95 % of communications Underground between 0 m and 1000 m depth Above sediment in depth > 1000 m Cables protection international agreement Existe una franja de prohibición a lo largo del cable When laid down, deep fishing activity was low Undocumented previous study Interactions submarine cables - fisheries In ZCPAU Starting operation: • Atlantis II - 1999 • Sam-1 - 2001 • 2 reported accidents > 1000 m • 1 reported accident < 1000 m Interactions with submarine cables Increased restriction area ¿yes or no? ¾ Loss of communications ¾ Possibility of serious accidents ¾ Complex and costly repairs ¾ Compensation Mechanisms ¾ There are rules ¾ Limited fishing area ¾ Lost fishing grounds ¾ 2 separated cables (no corridor) ¾ There are rules Results: Disp. Marit. N° 128 (2010), Increased restriction area along each cable. ¾ What we learned ? ¾ Single side solution: unsolved conflict ¾ Poor coordination ¾ Unforeseen interferences ¾ Where ? / with who ? / we discuss / plan Planning can be improved ... Long term vision … ¿ What other activities will interfere with fisheries? ¾ New buildings and facilities ¾ Navigation ¾ Underground resources • Obras en puertos existentes • Creación de nuevos puertos • Nuevos emprendimientos New buildings and facilities Proyecciones de crecimiento del transporte Movimiento de cargas (containers and Teus) Rio Grande 647.188 TEU + 2,8 % (2010) Proyecciones de crecimiento en la región (A. del Sur) y Pto. Montevideo (2030) Buenos Aires 1.730.831 TEU + 22,5 % (2010) Montevideo 671.952 TEU +14,2 % (2010) Fuente: CEPAL. Div. Rec. naturales e infraestructura (2010) Kaluza et al. 2010 Fuentes: Containerisation International Yearbook 2011 Administración Nacional de Puertos Schandy s.r.l. The need of a port in deeper waters ¾ La Esmeralda ¾ Laguna Garzón ¾ El Palenque ¾ La Paloma • • • • • Safe waters passage Freeway for vessels Easier ports access Coastal Coastal fisheries – Categoría B Navigation and marine traffic Marine traffic through AIS (Automatic Identification System) • From public web information/tracks/georeferenced • Converted to binary maps (valor 1 a trazos) ¾ Area identification • • High / low traffic • Services, STS and transfer. • Overlapped maps • Traffic map Categoría B – 2009 Less fishing grounds, less capture, but how much ? 100 10000 80 8000 60 6000 40 4000 20 Corredor Total puntos Diciembre Noviembre Octubre setiembre Agosto Julio Junio Mayo Abril Marzo Enero 2000 0 % 12000 Febrero nº emisiones Categoría B - 2009 0 Porcentaje Landings “Categoría B” (2009): 35.668 Ton In passage: 4.494Ton (12,6 %) • • • • • • Nuevos recursos energéticos Industria sin antecedentes Instalaciones offshore High impact Uncertainty Offshore fisheries - Categorías A y C Underground resources: oil and perspectives Exploration 2007 - 2012 • Promover inversiones en exploración y producción en las tres cuencas petrolíferas del offshore uruguayo • Bloques para prospección y explotación de hidrocarburos • Período exploratorio • Relevamiento sísmico y levantamiento de perfiles de fondo • Instalación plataforma de exploración Coordinated surveys Minimizing interactions 2D seismic 3D seismic • Bergen Surveyor 2007 • WG Tasman 2012 • Academik Shatsky 2008 • Polarcus Amani 2012 • Reflect Aries 2011 • Ramform Vanguard 2012 • Discoverer 2012 ¿ What kind of fisheries are involved ? Especie objetivo Merluza ++ Merluza negra +++ Cangrejo rojo +++ Rouget +++ Corvina - Pescadilla - Cherna ++ Pelágicos grandes +++ ... ... Resumiendo Es posible identificar problemas de espacio • Existen límites espaciales externos originados en las nuevas actividades con varias pesquerías • Hay multiplicidad de usuarios e intereses • Es posible prever incorporación de nuevas actividades • Incertidumbre • Escasa pero creciente coordinación • El tiempo es el factor clave dada la velocidad de las transformaciones • Aún hay tiempo? How we plan forward ? First steps since 2007: • Meeting the parties (10 Institutions) • Crear el ámbito • Define goals and priorities • ... • Information • Periodic review of the situation • An important, non formal, operative, place exists Yamandú H. Marín Julio F. Chocca Bernardo González Gastón Beathyate Noviembre 2012 Hemos finalizado… Gracias por su tiempo. Characterization of the Uruguayan Continental Margin – EEZ: Fishing resources and fisheries Rodrigo Forselledo, Yamandú Marín, Arianna Masello y Luis Orlando. Objective Create a report based on a bibliographic review about fisheries in the Exclusive Economic Zone of Uruguay from 50 m isobath. The analysis included: • Main fishing resources • Current and prospect fisheries • Location, current state, rules and international agreements Question: What is the extent of overlapping between areas of exploration and prospecting defined by Ancap and fishing zones in the Uruguayan EEZ?. Methods Bibliographic and database analysis. Sources: scientific papers from refereed journals, national and binational technical reports (with Argentina), books, thesis referred to the southwestern Atlantic ocean, with special emphasis in Argentina and Brasil. Maps showing the operation zones of the industrial fishing fleet by categories were extracted from reports prepared by DINARA and based on data from the Vessel Monitoring System (VMS). Fisheries were classified by categories assigned by the DINARA as (A, B, C y D) according to industrial fishing vessels features, area and mode of operation and objective species (Decreto 149/997). Fishing sector: Catch: about 50 different species. Operation: 18 processing plants and 65 - 70 industrial vessels grouped in 4 categories ( A, B, C, D), ZCPAU, ZEE and areas defined by ANCAP. Year 2011 N° of vessels Tons % A 24 35100 44,7 B 33 36668 46,7 C 6 6460 8,2 D 1 350 0,4 Total 64 78578 URUGUAY. Dirección Nacional de Recursos Acuáticos. 2010. Boletín Estadístico Pesquero. Montevideo, MGAP-DINARA, 52p. Merluccius hubbsi Hake (Merluccius hubbsi) is the objective species of the Category A fishing fleet. Fishing mode: bottom trawls with otter boards. Abundance: highest in winter lowest in summer. Demerso-pelagic species that form dense schools near the bottom during the day, spreading at night Category: A Covered zones: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12. Fleet operation zone - 2010 Merluccius hubbsi Estado de “riesgo biológico” de la población de merluza. Exportaciones de merluza para Uruguay 2010 : 60,5 millones de dólares 2011 : 75,6 millones de dólares Plan de manejo para la recuperación del recurso en la ZCPAU. *Captura máxima anual: 50.000 toneladas, con un cupo adicional de 10.000 t. * Área de veda al arrastre con el objetivo de proteger a los juveniles de merluza Solapamiento entre áreas de veda y áreas ANCAP 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12. Laboratorio de Tecnología Pesquera. Marzo 2011. Categoría B: Pair trawls, coastal •Main target species: whitemouth croaker (Micropogonias furnieri) and weakfish (Cynoscion guatucupa). Área de operación de la flota - 2010 Most of this fishery develops at depths less than 50 m, in the Río de la Plata and Atlantic sector of the Uruguayan EEZ. Areas ANCAP covered: 1, 5, 10 y 11. Negligible interference Category C includes: catch of different resources, different fishing methods resources deep water benthos (50 to more than 2.000 m), big pelagic fishes (highly migratory) demersal fishes Because of this variety, the fishing effort performed by this category is developed in most of the EEZ of Uruguay, covering almost all the areas bounded by ANCAP. Several of these resources represent an important fishing and economic potential for the country Categoría C Fishing mode: all “no traditional” resources Covered areas: 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17. Fleet operation area in 2010 Category C •Buques dedicados a pesquerías "no tradicionales", es decir aquellas cuyas especies objetivo no sean la merluza, la corvina y la pescadilla. Long pelagic fishes: swordfish (Xiphias gladius), Tuna (Thunnus sp.) and sharks. Small pelagic fishes: anchovy (Engraulis anchoita) and squid (Illex argentinus). Bentónicos: snails (Zidona dufresnei), red crab (Chaceon notialis), octopus (Octopus vulgaris), vieira (P. patagonica), centolla (Lithodes santolla), langosta oceánica (T. birsteini) Demersales: Rouget (Helicolenus dactylopterus), skates (Dipturus chilensis), Cherna (Polyprion americanus) and Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides). Category C: Pelagic longline • Objective species: big pelagic fishes •Swordfish (Xiphias gladius) •Big eye tuna (Thunnus obesus) •Yellow fin tuna (Thunnus albacares) •Albacora tuna (Thunnus alalunga) •Blue shark (Prionace glauca) •Most of the fishing effort is performed in the AUCFZ between 100 and 200 nm from the coast. •The “big eye” tuna is the species with the highest commercial value. •Highest CPUE occurs in the EEZ of Uruguay, from May to July in the continental slope Category C: Dissostichus eleginoides (Patagonian toothfish) Resource of high commercial value Management: multiple and shared. Its management in the Antarctic area is centralized by the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources CCAMLR Presence in cold, deep waters of the Malvinas Current Fishing mode: bottom longline and traps . Adults and subadults in areas of zone ANCAP 16. Juveniles: trophic migrations parallel to the continental shelf. They are transported northward by the malvinas current and are generally caught by category A vessels. Category C: Chaceon notialis (deepsea red crab) Fishing mode: baited traps Areas covered by fishery: 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12. Lat.: 35º00’ - 37º00’S Depth: 200 - 2000 m Species endemic to deep water (33º and 43º S) Fishery directed to males <95 mm CW Long life, late sexual maturity (5 to 15 years old) slow growth. Larvae settle to the bottom at 1200 m depth, migrating to shallower depths as they grow Conclusions and perspectives Shelf convergences: the Uruguayan shelf is characterized by a peculiar hydrographic system composed by water masses of contrasting thermohaline characteristics. These frontal zones are key areas for most resources, so it should be a priority to reconcile fisheries and surveying activities. Surveying activities in the Uruguayan EEZ represents a differential risk for resources and fishing areas: a) areas of high vulnerability (eg: rouget associated to coral mounds); b) changes on the substrate involve major impacts: benthic organisms with low mobility and demersal fish related to the bottom. d) unknown risk represented by the existence of unexplored areas and the lack of information on potential unexploited resources Coordination of activities: prospecting (ANCAP) with recovery plan for hake Information gaps: lack of knowledge about ecosystem resilience that supports fish and deepwater benthic fisheries, as well as about oceanographic conditions, bottom types and bathymetry. We recommend a study from the 200 m to greater depths. Available information: systematize fragmented or scattered information from different sources. Deep Water Research Program (PIAP) designed from a multidisciplinary initiative aimed at providing information mapping and oceanographic, geological, biological, ecological and about fishing in the Uruguayan EEZ from the 200 m deep. The information gained during the first year of the PIAP project with the Spanish O/V M. Oliver is particularly relevant as part of an ecological, environmental and fishing baseline of exceptional quality for the assessment of environmental impacts of future endeavors. . THANK YOU!!