VALMIERA

VALMIERA
UDK 908 (474.3) (036)
Va 383
Gråmata izdota ar Valmieras pilsétas domes finansiålu atbalstu
Teksta autors Jånis Kalnaçs Text
Tulkotåjs Valdis Bérziñß Translator
Måkslinieks Arnis RoΩkalns Layout
Fotogråfi
Aivars Baltmanis
Agris Bergs
Eduards Jegorovs
Didzis Kadaks
Jånis Kalnaçs
Aleksejs Koziñecs
Linards Pelsis
Arturs Rundélis
Photographers
Apgåds izsaka pateicîbu Ilzei Liepai un Ivetai Blümai par
sadarbîbu gråmatas izdoßanå
The publishers would like to thank Ilze Liepa and Iveta Blüma
for the cooperation in the preparing of the book
Gråmatå izmantoti Valmieras Novadpétniecîbas muzeja un
Türisma informåcijas centra materiåli
Material used in this book comes from Valmiera Regional
Studies Museum and Valmiera Tourist Information Center
ISBN 9984–05–911–1
© Apgåds “Jumava”, izdevums
latvießu valodå, 2005
© Jånis Kalnaçs, teksts, 2005
© Arnis RoΩkalns, måkslinieciskais
noforméjums, 2005
© Valdis Bérziñß, tulkojums, 2005
Esiet sveicinåti Vidzemes
centrå — Valmierå!
Welcome to Valmiera —
the centre of Vidzeme!
Valmiera ir pilséta, kur vienlaikus savijas pagåtne un nåkotne, senais un müsdienîgais, vecais
un jaunais. Pilsétå veiksmîgi saglabåta un attîstîta raΩoßana, kas ir pamats valmierießu labklåjîbai un ievérojams stürakmens tam, ka Valmieru
nu pazîst ne tikai Latvijå, bet arî tålu årpus tås
robeΩåm.
Tepat ir arî Valmieras pilsdrupas ar savu noslépumaino un savdabîgo auru, muzejs ar plaßo
piedåvåjumu klåstu Valmieras véstures taku izstaigåßanai. Un tam pa vidu Gauja — Valmieras
“galvenå iela”.
Valmieras lielåkå bagåtîba ir tås cilvéki —
gan tie, kas pilsétu izvéléjußies par savåm måjåm, gan tie, kuri Valmierå tikai ciemojas. Te
paståvîgi küså un mutu¬o ener©ijas pilni cilvéki,
un viñu paveikto darbu aug¬i redzami vai ik uz
so¬a. Un tas nav maz. Ne velti tradicionålie Valmieras pasåkumi — Pilsétas svétki vasaras vidü,
Ziedu svétki rudenî, daΩådi müzikas festivåli un
daudzi, daudzi citi — pulcé tükstoßus apmeklétåju.
Més priecåsimies arî Jüs redzét savå pilsétå.
VALMIERÅ, kas DOMÅ UN RADA!
The city of Valmiera brings together the past and
the future, the historic and the contemporary, the
old and the new. Industrial production has been
successfully maintained and developed here, underpinning the welfare of Valmiera’s residents and
nowadays earning Valmiera a name not only in
Latvia, but also far beyond its borders.
Valmiera also has its unique and mysterious castle ruins, and a museum offering to take the visitor
on a trip through history. And right in the middle of
our city is the River Gauja — Valmiera’s “main
street”.
The people of Valmiera represent the city’s greatest asset — those who have chosen to make their
homes in the city and likewise those who have come
to visit. This place is always full of energetic, bustling
people, and the fruits of their work are apparent at
every step. This is an important factor. Small surprise then, that Valmiera’s traditional events — the
City Festival at the height of summer, the Flower
Festival in autumn, a variety of music festivals and
many others — bring together thousands of people.
We look forward to meeting you too in our city.
VALMIERA, a city that THINKS AND CREATES!
Inesis Bo˚is
Valmieras pilsétas
domes priekßsédétåjs
Inesis Bo˚is
Valmiera City Mayor
Apriñ˚a pilséta Valmiera 1795. gadå (J. K. Broces zîméjums)
Valmiera as a county seat in 1795 (Drawing by J. C. Brotze)
V‰STURE
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
Valmiera — Vidzemes lielåkå un viena no Latvijas darbîgåkajåm un senåkajåm pilsétåm, kam jau
1323. gadå bija savs ma©istråts un kam tika pieß˚irtas Rîgas tiesîbas. Lîdz 13. gadsimtam Valmieras
apkårtne ietilpa latga¬u, kå arî lîbießu apdzîvotajå
Tålavå. 1224. gadå péc Tålavas novada zemju sadalîßanas starp Rîgas arhibîskapu un Zobenbrå¬u ordeni tå nonåca ordeña pak¬autîbå. Pilsétas nosaukuma izcelsmei — senåk lietoti arî varianti Wolmar,
Woldemer, Wolmahr, Wolmaria — ir vairåki skaidrojumi. Populåråkie no tiem saistîti ar Pleskavas negodîgo kñazu Vladimiru, kas 13. gadsimta såkumå
bija Idumejas novada fogts, un Dånijas karali Valdemåru II, kas aptuveni tai paßå laikå smagå kaujå
netålu no Tallinas izcînîjis uzvaru pår vietéjiem
iedzîvotåjiem, pateicoties no debesîm atsütîtam karogam, kas karaspéku iedvesmojis uzvarai. Viñß licis
uzcelt pilsétu ßîs uzvaras piemiñai, ko nosaucis savå
vårdå. Viduslaiku Valmiera bija neliela amatnieku
un tirgotåju pilséta, kas attîstîjås lîdzås pilij, ar kuru
tå bija saistîta vienotå aizsardzîbas sistémå. To veidoja aizsargmüris ar diviem — Rîgas un Térbatas —
vårtiem, pieci vai seßi bastioni, kå arî üdensß˚ér߬i —
Gauja un tås pieteka Råtsupîte.
1365. gadå Valmiera, caur kuru gåja starptautiski nozîmîgais ce¬ß no Rietumeiropas uz Krievijas
Valmiera is the largest population centre of the
Vidzeme region and one of Latvia’s most dynamic
cities. It is also among the country’s oldest cities:
already in 1323 it had its own magistracy and was
granted a town charter modelled on that of Riga. Up
to the 13th century, the Valmiera area belonged to
the district of Tålava, populated by the Latgallian
and Liv peoples. In 1224, when the lands of Tålava
were divided between the Archbishop of Riga and
the Order of Swordbrothers, the town came under
the order’s control. There are various explanations
for the origin of the town’s name, formerly written
as Wolmar, Woldemer, Wolmahr or Wolmaria. The
most popular versions are connected with the dishonourable Prince Vladimir of Pskov, who was
bailiff of the Idumeja district in the early 13th century, and with Valdemar II, King of Denmark, who,
not far from Tallinn at about the same time, won a
fierce battle against the indigenous people, when a
flag sent from the heavens inspired his forces to victory. It is said that he ordered a town to be founded
in memory of this triumph and named it after
himself.
Medieval Valmiera was a small crafts and trading town, which grew up next to the castle. The
town wall had two gates: the Riga Gate and the
4
pilsétåm — Pleskavu un Novgorodu, minéta kå
Hanzas pilsétu savienîbas locekle, kuras darbîbå tå
regulåri piedalîjås nåkamajos gadsimtos. Valmierå kå
Livonijas ©eogråfiskajå centrå no 1385. lîdz 1500.
gadam notika vairåk nekå 30 pilsétu sanåksmes, kurås léma par Hanzas saimnieciskajiem jautåjumiem
un bieΩi sanåca landtågi, kuros apsprieda Livonijas
nelielajåm valstîm bütiskus politiskus jautåjumus.
1554. gadå Valmierå pasludinåja ticîbas brîvîbu,
tådéjådi pårtraucot protestantisma izraisîtås kato¬u
un luteråñu reli©iskås domstarpîbas. 15.–17. gadsimtå pilsétas iedzîvotåju skaitu deviñas reizes retinåja méris.
16. gadsimta otrajå pusé un 17. gadsimta såkumå par Valmieru cînîjås un tajå pårmaiñus valdîja — po¬i, krievi un zviedri. Livonijas kara laikå
1560. gadå krievu karaspékam neizdevås pilsétu
ieñemt — par ßo aplenkumu liecina akmens lodes,
ko krievu karaspéks ßåva no Lucas kalna un kas
iemürétas Svétå Sîmaña baznîcas kontrforså. 1622.
gadå Zviedrijas karalis Gustavs II Ådolfs Césu
bîskapiju, kurå lîdz ar Césîm, Smilteni un Trikåtu
ietilpa arî Valmiera, uzdåvinåja valsts kancleram
Akselam Uksenßérnam, no kura uzvårda Valmieras
©erbonî saglabåjusies vérßa piere. 17. gadsimtå karadarbîbas izpostîtå Valmiera ar tikai çetriem müra
namiem vairåk lîdzinåjås nelielam ciematam, kura
iedzîvotåji galvenokårt nodarbojås ar lauksaimniecîbu. 1680. gadå Valmiera k¬uva par Zviedrijas
valsts îpaßumu. Zviedru laikå nojauca viduslaiku
müri un jaunajå pilsétas da¬å izveidoja manierismam
raksturîgs regulåru ielu tîklu un taisnstürveida kvartålu plånojumu, kas saglabåjies joprojåm.
18. gadsimtå Valmieru pamatîgi nopostîja gan
krievu karaspéka iebrukumå Zieme¬u karå 1702.
gadå, gan vairåkos ugunsgrékos 18. gadsimta
70. gados.
18. gadsimta 30. gados, pateicoties ValmiermuiΩas nomnieces ©enerå¬a Hallarta atraitnes Magdalénas Elizabetes un måcîtåja Kristiåna Gotlîba
Neihauzena atbalstam, Valmiera k¬uva par kustîbas
centru Vidzemé. Brå¬u draudzes veicinåja zemnieku
garîgo un ekonomisko paßapziñu, kas ietekméja gan
antifeodålo kustîbu, gan plaßåkas apkårtnes kultüra
dzîvi. Viena no krasåkajåm antifeodålås kustîbas
izpausmém bija Kauguru nemieri 1802. gadå, kuros
piedalîjås Valmieras apkårtnes muiΩu zemnieki.
1783. gadå pilsétiñas teritorija bija aptuveni
240 x 270 metru. Valmieras toreizéjais izskats saglabåjies vairåkos Johana Kristofa Broces zîméjumos.
Tajå bija seßi desmiti namu un iedzîvotåju vairåkums atkal nodarbojås ar amatniecîbu un tirdzniecîbu (populåråkås profesijas — kurpnieki, drébnieki,
galdnieki). Valmiera k¬uva par apriñ˚a pilsétu.
1821. gadå éku skaits Valmierå vél nebija sasniedzis simtu. Lîdz 19. gadsimta vidum tå bija våciska
pilséta, bet latvießi par namu îpaßniekiem k¬uva 20.
gadsimta otrajå pusé. 1892. gadå Valmiera bija
Tartu Gate, and five or six bastions, in addition to
the natural obstacles represented by the River Gauja
and its tributary, the Råtsupîte.
In 1365, Valmiera, lying on the international
thoroughfare from Western Europe to the major
Russian towns of Pskov and Novgorod, is mentioned as a member of the Hanseatic League. Held
in Valmiera, which lay at the geographical centre of
Livonia, were more than 30 meetings of town representatives between 1385 and 1500, deciding on economic issues relating to the Hanseatic League. Likewise, the assembly known as the Landtag was often
convened in Valmiera, to discuss major political
issues affecting the small states making up the Livonian Confederation. In 1554, religious freedom
was declared in Valmiera, ending the conflict
between Catholics and Lutherans that had begun
with the rise of Protestantism. In the 15th–17th century, the town’s population was devastated nine
times by the plague.
In the second half of the 16th and the early 17th
century, the Poles, Russians and Swedes fought over
Valmiera and ruled here successively. During the
Livonian War, in 1560, the Russian forces failed in
their attempt to take the town. Remaining from the
siege are the stone cannonballs shot by the Russians
from Luca Hill, later incorporated into the masonry
of a buttress of St Simon’s Church. In 1622, the
Bishopric of Césis, which included Valmiera, Smiltene and Trikåta, was granted by Gustav II Adolf of
Sweden to his chancellor Axel Oxenstierna. Deriving from his name is the forehead of an ox that
appears in the town’s arms. In 1680, Valmiera became the property of the Swedish crown. Under
Swedish rule, the medieval walls were demolished
and a regular street plan was created for the new
part of the town, with rectangular town blocks, a
characteristic feature of the age of Mannerism and
still preserved today.
In the 18th century, Valmiera was badly damaged in a Russian attack during the Northern War
in 1702, and by several fires in the 1770s.
In the 1730s, thanks to the support of Magdalene Elizabeth Hallart, the widow of General
Hallart and leaseholder of Valmiera Estate, and of
Pastor Christian Gotlieb Neuhausen, Valmiera became the centre of the Herrnhut movement (Moravian Brothers) in Vidzeme, promoting the self-confidence and economic development of the peasantry.
One of the most vivid expressions of opposition to
the feudal system was the peasant unrest at Kauguri
in 1802, involving the peasants of the Valmiera
area. The Herrnhut movement also stimulated the
rise of musical and literary culture in a wide area.
In 1783, Valmiera became a county seat. The area
of the town measured approximately 240 x 270 m,
with about 60 houses and with a population once
again engaged mainly in crafts and trade. The town’s
5
Valmieras vésturiskais centrs 20. gadsimta 30. gadu beigås
The historic centre of Valmiera in the late 1930s
pirmå pilséta Latvijå, kuras domé vairåkums bija
latvießi.
19. gadsimta beigås un 20. gadsimta såkumå pilsétå såka darboties pirmie nelielie uzñémumi — kokzå©étava, audumu kråsotava, linu außanas fabrika.
1899. gadå atklåja Rîgas–Pleskavas dzelzce¬a lîniju,
ap kuras staciju attîstîjås Kårliena, ko lîdz ar Pårgaujas Jaunpilsétu Valmierai pievienoja 1921. gadå.
Savdabîgi piepildîts un aktîvs posms provinciålås
pilsétas vésturé bija 20. gadsimta såkums, kad tås
måcîbu iestådés izglîtojås vairåki desmiti zénu, kas
vélåk k¬uva par nozîmîgiem kultüras un sabiedriskiem darbiniekiem. Íis aizrautîgais laika posms, kurå
risinåjås arî 1905.–1907. gada revolücijas notikumi,
attélots Påvila Rozîßa skolas gadu atmiñås balstîtajå
romånå “Valmieras puikas”. Valmierå darbîbu ir
såcis un tai ir bijusi bütiska nozîme arî vélåkå Ministru prezidenta un Valsts prezidenta Kår¬a Ulmaña
dzîvé — 1905. gadå Ulmanis strådåja par instruktoru Baltijas lauksaimnieku biedrîbå. Valmiera bijusi nozîmîga arî daudzu citu (arî müsdienu) politi˚u,
rakstnieku, aktieru, rakstnieku, müzi˚u, zinåtnieku
karjerå. Mazåk ir to, kas Valmierå vai tås apkårtné
nodzîvojußi ilgåku müΩa da¬u — viñu vidü Valmieras vésturnieki — Voldemårs Dåvids Balodis,
Hermanis Enzeliñß un Laimonis Liepnieks.
Pirmå pasaules kara gados Valmiera bija bég¬u
centrs. 1916. gadå te tika izßüts pirmais nacionålais
karogs. Svétå Sîmaña baznîcå 1917. gada nogalé
6
appearance at this time may be gauged from several
drawings by Johann Christoph Brotze.
In 1821, Valmiera still had less than a hundred
houses. Up to the mid-19th century, it was a German town. Latvians acquired property in the town
during the second half of the century, and in 1892,
Valmiera became Latvia’s first town with a majority
of ethnic Latvians on the town council.
In the late 19th and early 20th century, the first
small businesses were set up in the town: a sawmill,
a fabric dyeing works and a linen-weaving mill. The
Riga–Pskov railway line was opened in 1899, and
the station outside Valmiera became the focus of the
Kårliena district, joined to Valmiera in 1921, along
with the New Town on the opposite bank of the
Gauja (Pårgauja).
An unusually rich and active period in this provincial town was the early 20th century, when its
teaching establishments were attended by several dozens of pupils who were destined to become major
figures in culture and society. This fervent period,
including the events of the Revolution of 1905, is
described in the novel “The Boys of Valmiera”
(Valmieras puikas), based on the schooldays experiences of the author, Påvils Rozîtis. Valmiera was the
starting point or a significant place in the career of
many important historical figures, including the later
Prime Minister and President of Latvia, Kårlis Ulmanis (who worked here in 1905 as an instructor for
sanåkußais Latvijas strådnieku, zemnieku un bezzemnieku kongress pasludinåja varu Våcijas neokupétajå teritorijå.
Lîdz Ulmaña apvérsumam 1934. gadå pilsétas
valdé vairåkums bija sociåldemokråti, kålab pilsétu
tolaik dévéja par Sarkano Valmieru. 1928. gadå,
büvéjot “Bekona eksportu”, atrada årstniecisko minerålüdeni, kas joprojåm ir viens no pazîstamåkajiem ar pilsétu saistîtajiem produktiem, tautå to
iesauca par Valmieras cüküdeni. 20.–30. gados Valmiera k¬uva par nozîmîgu Zieme¬latvijas administratîvo un saimniecisko centru, bet tås iedzîvotåji
strådåja galvenokårt sîkos un vidéjos amatniecîbas
un rüpniecîbas uzñémumos.
Valmierai tra©isks bija 1944. gada septembris,
kad, mainoties okupåcijas varu karaspékam, pilséta
zaudéja teju visu centra vésturisko apbüvi — cieta
vairåk nekå 270 éku jeb treßda¬a visas pilsétas
apbüves, arî vairåki 18. gadsimta nami. Patlaban par
19.–20. gadsimta mijå veidojußos pilsétu liecina vien
vienståva vai divståvu koka un müra nami LimbaΩu
un Leona Paegles ielå, Pårgaujå ap autoostu un
dzelzce¬a staciju, daΩas ékas saglabåjußås starp
60.–80. gadu jaunbüvém, kå arî izskatîgi malkas
ß˚ünîßi ar raksturîgo otrå ståva galeriju.
No mazpilsétas par pilsétu Valmieru pårvérta
péckara industrializåcija, kad gan paplaßinåja bijußos uzñémumus, gan uzcéla Valmieras stiklß˚iedras
rüpnîcu. Tå kå trüka vietéjå darbaspéka, Valmierå
ieradås strådnieki no citåm PSRS republikåm. Migråcijas radîtås sociålås problémas raksturo “Valmieras meiteñu” jédziens.
80. gadu beigås un 90. gadu såkumå mainoties
politiskajiem un ekonomiskajiem apståk¬iem, rüpniecîbas uzñémumiem mainîjås îpaßnieki, tomér
raΩoßana saglabåjås, veicinot salîdzinoßi zemu bezdarba lîmeni Valmierå. Latviska pilséta, kuras iedzîvotåju skaits pédéjos gadu desmitos saglabåjies stabils — ap divdesmit septiñiem tükstoßiem. Pédéjos
gados Valmierå noris aktîva — galvenokårt arhitektoniski pragmatiska rakstura — veikalu büvniecîba.
Büvé arî jaunås pilsétas teritorijå, arî Rîgas ielå, kur
top Vidzemes Olimpiskais sporta centrs.
Valmierai ir noturîgas kultüras un sporta tradîcijas, kuru starpå senås müzikas festivåls, rokfestivåls,
Simjüda gadatirgus, Rüdolfa Blaumaña dramatur©ijas festivåls; starptautiskais motokross “Gaujas
kauss”, Valsts prezidentes balvas izcîña vieglatlétikå
un citi pasåkumi. Pilsétå spélé viena no labåkajåm
Latvijas basketbola komandåm “Valmieras piens”.
the Baltic Agricultural Society), and other politicians,
writers, actors, musicians and scientists.
In the First World War, Valmiera was a centre
for refugees. The first Latvian flag was sewn here in
1916. It was in St Simon’s Church in Valmiera that
in late 1917 the Soviet of Latvian Workers, Peasants
and Landless People declared power in the territory
of Latvia that was not under German occupation.
Up to the time of the coup d’ètat by Ulmanis, the
Social Democrats had a majority on the city executive board, so the city was known in those days as
“Red Valmiera”. In 1928, when the “Bacon Export” plant was being built, the medicinal mineral
water was discovered, still one of the best-known
products associated with the town (and still popularly known as “Valmiera Pig-Water”). In the 1920s–
30s, Valmiera became an important administrative
and economic centre of northern Latvia.
Tragic for the city were the events of September
1944, when, in the struggle between the occupying
German and Soviet forces, virtually all the historic
buildings of the town centre were lost. Altogether
more than 270 buildings, or a third of the total, were
damaged, including several 18th century houses. A
reflection of the former appearance of the town, as
it was at the turn of the 20th century, is seen only in
the one- and two-storey wooden and brick houses
on LimbaΩu Street and Leona Paegles Street, in the
Pårgauja district around the bus station and railway
station, and in some other older buildings preserved
in between the new architecture of the 1960s–80s.
These include several fine woodsheds with a characteristic top-floor gallery.
Industrialisation after the war turned Valmiera
from a town into a city. The existing factories were
extended, and the Valmiera Glass Fibre Plant was built.
Since the local workforce was insufficient, workers
were brought in from other republics of the USSR.
When the political and economic situation
changed in the late 80s and early 90s, the industrial
enterprises changed hands, but production continued, so that the level of unemployment in Valmiera remained comparatively low. It is a predominantly ethnic Latvian town, whose population has
remained stable in recent decades at around 27
thousand. Valmiera has seen major construction
work in recent years — mainly the pragmatic architecture of big stores. The building work has extended to areas that were previously open land. The
Vidzeme Olympic Sports Centre is being built in one
such previously unoccupied location on Rîgas Street.
Valmiera has strong cultural and sporting traditions: the early music festival and rock festival, the
Simjüds Annual Fair, the Rüdolfs Blaumanis Drama
Festival, the international Gauja Cup in motocross,
the competition for the President’s Prize in athletics
and other events. The city is home to one of Latvia’s
top basketball teams — “Valmieras piens”.
7
8
PILSDRUPAS
THE CASTLE RUINS
Iespéjams, Valmieras pili Zobenbrå¬u ordenis
såka celt 13. gadsimta såkumå vietå, kur pirms tam
varéja atrasties latga¬u pils. Bet var büt, ka vienlaikus ar Svétå Sîmaña baznîcu 1283. gadå to såka
büvét Zobenbrå¬u ordeña péctecis — Livonijas ordenis. Viduslaikos ßî pils, kurå uzturéjås fogts vai
tiesnesis, lîdz ar Åraißu, Burtnieku, Césu, LugaΩu
un Trikåtas pili ietilpa Césu komturijå. 1702. gadå
da¬éji sabrukußo pili ieñéma un nopostîja Krievijas
cara Pétera I karaspéks, ko Zieme¬u kara laikå
vadîja gråfs Íeremetjevs. Péc tam tås nojaukßanu
turpinåja pilsétas iedzîvotåji, mürus izmantojot
büvmateriåliem.
Nav ziñu par Valmieras pils såkotnéjo izskatu,
bet lîdz 16. gadsimtam tås åréjie müri veidoja neregulåru, kalna formai atbilstoßi izstieptu daudzstüri.
17. gadsimta beigu aprakstå minétais dienvidrietumu korpuss lîdz müsdienåm nav saglabåjies. Tå
otrajå ståvå atradås lielåka zåle, kurå 15.–16. gadsimtå, iespéjams, notika Livonijas landtågi.
Pils arheolo©isko izpéti såka 20. gadsimta 30.
gadu beigås, mekléjot liecîbas, ka pirms tås ßajå
vietå atradies latga¬u Beverînas pilskalns. Izpéti turpinåja 80.–90. gadu mijå, kad tika atsegti iepriekß
nezinåmå zviedru laika pildreΩ©a konstrukcijå büvétå zieme¬rietumu korpusa pagrabi. To såka büvét
1680. gadå, un tas, nogalinot vairåkus cilvékus,
droßi vien tika sagrauts, kad krievu karaspéks ieñéma un nodedzinåja Valmieru. Atrasto pagrabu un
pazemes ejas, kå arî pils dienvidu un zieme¬u aizsargmüra fragmentu konservåciju pabeidza 2002.
gadå, kad uzlika véjrådîtåju ar Livonijas ordeña
krustu.
Krievu literatüras vésturé Valmieras pils tiek
pieminéta kå vieta, kur pie Polijas kara¬a pårbégußais karavadonis kñazs Andrejs Kurbskis rakstîja
atmaskojoßas véstules Krievijas caram Ivanam Bargajam, kas Latvijas vésturiskajos avotos karaspéka
neΩélîbas dé¬ bieΩi dévéts par Jåni Briesmîgo.
It is possible that the castle was built in the 13th
century by the Order of Swordbrothers on the site
of an earlier Latgallian castle. Equally, it may be
that construction of the castle was begun simultaneously with the building of St Simon’s Church in
1283 by the successor of the Order of Swordbrothers — the Livonian Order. In the Middle
Ages, this castle — the residence of the local bailiff
or magistrate — belonged to Césis Commandery,
along with the castles of Åraißi, Burtnieki, Césis,
LugaΩi and Trikåta. In 1702, the partly-collapsed
castle was taken and sacked by the forces of
Russian Tsar Peter I, led during the Northern War
by Count Sheremetev. The destruction was continued by the townspeople, who used the walls as
a stock of building material.
There is no evidence regarding the original
appearance of Valmiera Castle. Up to the 16th century, the castle’s outer walls formed a long, irregular polygon, corresponding to the shape of the hill.
The South-West Block, mentioned in a description
from the late 17th century, has not been preserved
up to the present day. On the first floor, it had a
large hall, where the meetings of the Livonian
Landtag may have been held in the 15th and 16th
century.
Archaeological excavation began at the castle in
the late 1930s, seeking evidence that this had previously been the site of the Latgallian hill-fort
Beverîna. Excavation continued in the years around
1990, when the cellars were unearthed of the previously unknown North-West Block, built in timber-frame construction. The building of this block
began in 1680. It was probably destroyed, killing
several people, when the Russian forces took Valmiera and sacked it. Conservation of the cellars and
underground passageway, as well as the surviving
parts of the castle’s south and north walls, was
completed in 2002, when a wind-vane showing the
cross of the Livonian Order was put up.
Valmiera Castle features in Russian literary history as the place where the military leader Prince
Andrei Kurbsky, who had fled to join the King of
Poland, wrote letters denouncing the Russian Tsar
Ivan the Terrible.
9
VECÅ APTIEKA
THE OLD PHARMACY
1735. gadå bårddzinis un ˚irurgu cunftes meistars Johans Nikolajs Ívarcs da¬éji uz pils aizsargmüra pamatiem uzcéla senåko Valmieras dzîvojamo
éku. To iegådåjås medicînas doktors Johans Volråts Reihenaus un 1756. gadå tajå atvéra aptieku,
kas darbojås vairåk nekå divsimt gadu. 19. gadsimtå tå izveidojås par éku kompleksu, kurå ietilpa
vél trîs koka un müra korpusi. 1912. gadå Veco
aptieku iegådåjås Valmieras pilséta, un tå bija pirmå
aptieka Baltijå, kas piederéja kådai paßvaldîbai.
No 1989. lîdz 1995. gadam Veco aptieku, kas
vairåkus gadu desmitus bija sadalîta mazos dzîvok¬os, atjaunoja agråkajå izskatå un pielågoja
1959. gadå nodibinåtå Valmieras Novadpétniecîbas muzeja vajadzîbåm. Íim nolükam izmantoja arî
péckara gados ASV dzîvojußå gleznotåja Rüdolfa
Voldemåra Vîtola sievas Olgas testamentå vél pirms
Latvijas neatkarîbas atjaunoßanas novélétos lîdzek¬us.
In 1735, the barber and Master of the Surgeons’
Corporation Johann Nicholaus Schwarz built the
oldest preserved dwelling-house in Valmiera, partly
on top of the foundations of the old castle wall. The
house was bought by medical doctor Johann Wohlrat Reichenau, and in 1756 a pharmacy opened
here, remaining in business for more than two hundred years. In the 19th century, it developed into a
complex of buildings, which included another three
wooden and masonry blocks. In 1912, the Old
Pharmacy was bought by the city of Valmiera, becoming the first pharmacy in the Baltic owned by a
municipality.
In 1989–1995, the Old Pharmacy building,
which had for several decades been divided into
small flats, was restored in its former appearance
and adapted to the needs of the Valmiera Museum
of Regional Studies (founded in 1959). The project
was funded partly from money bequeathed even
before the restoration of Latvia’s independence by
painter Rüdolfs Voldemårs Vîtols’ wife Olga, living
in the USA after the war.
10
11
SKULPTËRA
“VALMIERAS PUIKAS”,
THE SCULPTURE
“BOYS OF VALMIERA”,
kas saistîta ar populåråko literåro darbu par pilsétu, ir télnieces Timiånas Munkéviças diplomdarbs,
1981. gadå beidzot Måkslas akadémiju. Tajå lîdz
ar satraukti romantisko 20. gadsimta såkumu, ir
netießas norådes uz rakstniekiem Påvilu Rozîti un
Linardu Laicenu, kå arî télnieku Emîlu Melderi.
which is connected with the most popular literary
work set in the town, is the diploma work of sculptress Timiåna Munkéviça, who graduated from the
Academy of Art in 1981. Conveying the excitement
and romance of the early 20th century, it also includes indirect references to writers Påvils Rozîtis and
Linards Laicens, and sculptor Emîls Melderis.
12
VALTERKALNIˆÍ
VALTERKALNIˆÍ
ir 17. gadsimtå zviedru laikå izveidots ravelîns,
kas savu vårdu ieguvis no pazîstamåkås Valmieras
baltvåcu dzimtas — årstiem un måcîtåjiem Valteriem, kam piederéja viena no Valmieras muzeja éku
komplekså ietilpstoßajåm nedaudzajåm pilsétas
ékåm, kas saglabåjusies no 18. gadsimta. Izcilåkais
ßîs dzimtas pårståvis ir bîskaps Ferdinands Valters,
Vidzemes virskonsistorijas ©enerålsuperintendants
un Vidzemes Skolotåju seminåra izveides iniciators.
Izteikts pieñémums, ka Valterkalniñß varétu büt
bijis kåds no sençu pilskalniem — Autîne. Koka paviljons atjaunots, izmantojot 20. gadsimta såkuma
pastkartés iemüΩinåto ßai vietå iederîgo büvi.
The hill is in fact a defensive structure or ravelin
from the 17th century, created in the time of
Swedish rule. It obtained its name from the most
prominent Baltic German family in Valmiera — the
Walter family of doctors and pastors, who owned
the one of the few buildings in the town remaining
from the 18th century, now forming part of the
complex of buildings of Valmiera Museum. The
most outstanding member of this family was Bishop Ferdinand Walter, Superintendent-General of
the High Consistory of Livland and the founding
figure behind the Vidzeme Teachers’ Seminary. It
has been suggested that this is the site of Autîne,
one of the ancient hillforts. A wooden pavilion has
been recreated here, based on early 20th century
postcard views of the structure enhancing this site.
13
14
SV‰TÅ SÈMAˆA BAZNÈCA
ST SIMON’S CHURCH,
ir nozîmîgåkais Valmieras vairåk nekå 700 gadu
ilgås véstures piemineklis, kas veltîts Kristus måceklim. Tå celtniecîbu såka 1283. gadå, par baziliku to pårbüvéja 14.–15. gadsimtå. Müsdienu izskatå, kas no viduslaikiem atß˚iras galvenokårt ar
1739. gadå pabeigto barokålo torni, baznîcu atjaunoja péc tås nopostîßanas 1702. gadå. Svétå Sîmaña
baznîca ir viens no bütiskåkajiem viduslaiku sakrålås arhitektüras pieminek¬iem Latvijå, kuras arhitektüru ietekméjis gan romånikas, gan gotikas stils.
Pagåjußå gadsimta 60.–70. gadu mijå, kad
draudze bija spiesta savu dievnamu atståt, to da¬éji
restauréja un pårvérta par Valmieras muzeja koncertu un izståΩu zåli. Protestantu baznîcåm raksturîgajå atturîgajå interjerå lîdz ar daΩåm viduslaiku
kapu plåksném un to fragmentiem atrodas vairåki
restauréti jaunåku laiku måkslas darbi. 18. gadsimta altåris un kancele ar apgleznotiem pildiñiem,
kuros attéloti luteråñu dievnamiem tipiskie apustu¬u un evañ©élistu téli, ValmiermuiΩas îpaßnieka
Lévenßterna dåvåtå viña kådreizéjå måjskolotåja,
Drézdenes Måkslas akadémijas profesora Kår¬a
Kristiåna Fogela-Fogelßteina altårglezna “Kristus
kårdinåßana” (1842. gads). ‰r©eles par KokmuiΩas
îpaßnieka Teodora Írédera lîdzek¬iem 1886. gadå
izgatavotas Fridriha Ladegasta darbnîcå Veisenfelså
(Våcijå). Lîdzås altårda¬as sienai zem liepas apglabåta ValmiermuiΩas nomniece Elizabete Hallarte,
bet netålu no ieejas atrodas télnieka Andra Vårpas
piemineklis pirmajam draudzes latvießu måcîtåjam,
kå arî rakstniekam Jånim Neilandam.
Baznîca un tås apkårtne saistîta ar vairåkiem
svarîgiem vésturiskiem notikumiem. 1525. gadå
Valmieras landtåga laikå tajå spredi˚oja no Våcijas
ieradies luterånisma sludinåtåjs Silvestrs Tegetmeijers. Pie tås 18. gadsimtå un 19. gadsimta såkumå
vairåkkårt izpildîti sodi zemnieku dumpju dalîbniekiem — arî 1802. gada Kauguru zemnieku nemieru
vadoñiem.
dedicated to one of the disciples of Christ, is the
most important witness to Valmiera’s 700-year history. Building work began in 1283, and in the
14th–15th century it was altered into a basilica.
The main feature added since the Middle Ages is
the Baroque steeple, completed in 1739. The church
was renovated after the destruction of 1702. St Simon’s Church is one of Latvia’s most important
examples of medieval church architecture, showing
both Romanesque and Gothic influence.
Around 1960, the congregation was forced out
of the church: it was partially restored and transformed into a concert and exhibition hall for Valmiera Museum. The characteristically austere interiors of this Protestant church preserve some whole
and fragmentary medieval gravestones and several
restored works of art from more recent times.
There is an 18th century altar and pulpit with
painted panels showing the figures of the Apostles
and Evangelists, as is typical for a Lutheran church.
The altarpiece “The Temptation of Christ” (1842),
by Carl Christian Vogel von Vogelstein, Professor
at Dresden Academy of Fine Art, was donated by
Levenstern, the owner of Valmiera Estate, where
the painter had once worked as tutor. The organ
was made at the workshop of Friedrich Ladegast in
Weissenfels (Germany) in 1886, at the expense of
Theodor Schroeder, owner of KokmuiΩa Manor.
Buried under a lime tree next to the chancel wall is
Elizabeth Hallart, the leaseholder of Valmiera
Estate, and near the entrance is a monument by
sculptor Andris Vårpa to writer Jånis Neilands,
who was the first Latvian pastor here.
The church and its environs are connected with
several major historical events. In 1525, the Lutheran evangelist Sylvester Tegetmeyer, arrived from
Germany, preached here during the time of the
Landtag meeting. Outside the church, rebellious
peasants were punished several times in the 18th
and early 19th century — including the leaders of
the 1802 peasant rising at Kauguri.
15
SV‰TÅ RADOˆEÛAS
SERGIJA BAZNÈCA
Pareizticîgo draudze Valmierå såka
darboties 1846. gadå, bet gadu vélåk tika
uzcelta koka baznîca. Latvießu zemnieku
pårießanu pareizticîbå veicinåja 19. gadsimta vidü izplatîjußås baumas, ka, mainot konfesijas, büs iespéjams iegüt arî zemi
un lopus. 1877.–1879. gadå büvuzñéméjs
Jånis Meñ©elis uzcéla müra baznîcu. Tå ir
viena no pareizticîgo baznîcåm, ko projektéja pirmais latvießu arhitekts Jånis
Frîdrihs Baumanis un kas Vidzemes guberñå tika uzbüvétas par Krievijas valdîbas lîdzek¬iem aktîvas rusifikåcijas laikå.
Eklektisma krievu bizantießu stila arhitektüras formas iemiesotas Latvijas büvniecîbai mazpilsétås un muiΩås ßai laikå îpaßi
bieΩi izmantotos materiålos — pléstå
laukakmenî un sarkanos måla ˚ie©e¬os.
Tai lîdzås atrodas pareizticîbå pårgåjußå
Mujånu muiΩas barona Morica fon
Mengdena dzimtas neoromåniskå kapliça
(1903. gads).
THE CHURCH OF
ST SERGIUS OF
RADONEZH
A Russian Orthodox congregation
was established in Valmiera in 1846, and
a wooden church was built a year later.
The conversion of Latvian peasants to
Orthodoxy was promoted in the mid19th century by rumours that by converting, they would also obtain land and livestock. In 1877–1879, builder Jånis Meñ©elis built the stone church here. This is
one of the Orthodox churches designed
by the first Latvian architect Jånis Frîdrihs
Baumanis and built in the Province of Livland at the expense of the Russian government during the time of active Russification. This example of Eclectic architecture in Byzantine style has been created
using the materials generally utilised in
small towns and manors in Latvia at this
time — split boulder stone and red brick.
Next to the church is the Neoromanesque
family tomb (1903) of Baron Moritz von
Mengden, owner of Mujåni Manor, who
had converted to Orthodoxy.
16
SV‰TÅS JAUNAVAS
MARIJAS ROMAS
KATOÒU BAZNÈCA
Kato¬u draudze Valmierå atsåka
darboties 20. gadsimta 30. gadu vidü.
Formås vienkårßais dievnams tika uzcelts, izmantojot Viß˚u 17. gadsimta
kato¬u baznîcu, kuras Latgales måkslas
vésturé nozîmîgais sienas un griestu
gleznojums imitéja klasicismam raksturîgu arhitektonisko un télniecisko dekoru. 1939. gadå Viß˚u baznîcu nojauca un pårveda uz Valmieru. 50. gadu
vidü koka éku apßuva ar ˚ie©e¬iem, vélåk apmeta un nokråsoja.
Jaunåkas kristîgås konfesijas — adventistu — dievnams, kam askétiskas
formas un nedaudz izteiksmîgåks portåls, tika uzcelts 20. gadsimta 30. gados. Tajå péc izlikßanas no Svétå Sîmaña baznîcas vairåk nekå divdesmit
gadu notika arî Valmieras evañ©éliski
luteriskås draudzes dievkalpojumi.
THE ROMAN
CATHOLIC CHURCH
OF THE HOLY
VIRGIN MARY
The Roman Catholic congregation
at Valmiera was re-established in the
mid-1930s. The simple forms of the
church are in fact those of the 17th century Viß˚i Catholic Church, whose ceiling-pieces and murals, important for
art history of Latgale, imitate Classical
architectural and sculptural decoration.
In 1939, Viß˚i Church was dismantled
and brought to Valmiera. In the mid50s, the wooden building was bricked
over. Later, a layer rendering was added and the building was painted.
The church of the most recent
Christian denomination — the Seventh
Day Adventists — with its ascetic forms
and somewhat more expressive portal,
was built in the 1930s. For more than
two decades, after being forced out of
St Simon’s, the Valmiera Evangelical
Lutheran Congregation also held its
services here.
17
RÅTSLAUKUMS
THE TOWN SQUARE
Kådreizéjås viduslaiku pilsétas neatñemamå saståvda¬a — tirgus laukums — savas funkcijas pildîja lîdz pat 30. gadu vidum. Paßreizéjo izskatu tas
ieguva péc tam, kad 30. gadu nogalé, gatavojoties
1940. gadå Helsinkos nenotikußajåm olimpiskajåm
spélém un veicinot vietéjo türismu, uzcéla viesnîcu
(arhitekts Kårlis Cinåts). Péckara gados to paaugstinåja par vienu ståvu un tur pårcélås rajona un
pilsétas paßvaldîbas. Valmieras arhitekta Ivara Martinsona projekts respekté vésturiskås vides ierobeΩojoßås iespéjas. Tå malå ékas, kurå atrodas Valmieras teåtra administråcijas telpas un aktieru
©érbtuves, vietå 1789. gadå uzcéla tiesas namu.
Necilo vienståva koka éku, kurå kopß 18. gadsimta
beigåm darbojås Valmieras råte, bet vélåk lîdz
1926. gadam atradås pilsétas valde, nojauca 1940.
gadå. Råtslaukumå bieΩi notiek pasåkumi, arî atjaunotais vésturiskais Simjüda (no apustu¬u Sîmaña
un Jüdas vårda) gadatirgus un Ziemassvétku tirdziñß.
This essential element of a medieval town — the
market square — retained its functions right up to
the mid-1930s. It obtained its present appearance
after a hotel (designed by Kårlis Cinåts) was built
here to promote tourism in the late 1930s, in the
run-up to the planned 1940 Helsinki Olympics. In
the post-war years, another floor was added and the
district and city municipal authorities were transferred here. The design, by Valmiera architect Ivars
Martinsons, respects the restrictions imposed by
this historic setting. Next to this site, the courthouse had been built in 1789, on the spot where
Valmiera Theatre now has its administrative offices
and dressing rooms. This humble single-storey building, the home of the Town Council from the late
18th century onwards, and the City Executive
Board up to 1926, was demolished in 1940. Many
events are held in the Town Square, including the
re-enlivened historic Simjüds Annual Fair (the
name deriving from the Apostles Simon and Jude).
18
HANZAS SIENA
THE HANSA WALL
ir namu fasådes gleznojums Valmieras centrå.
Tas tapa, lai atgådinåtu par Valmieras tikpat kå
zudußo viduslaiku posmu. Gleznojuma autori Jånis
Tançers un Zane Gudina. Tajå apvienoti Abrahama
Ortéliusa 1570. gada kartes fragments, Hanzas savienîbas varenîbas laika raksturîgais pårvietoßanås
lîdzeklis — koge — un Valmieras senåkais ©erbonis, kas saglabåjies 1524. gada zîmoga nospiedumå.
is a mural enhancing house facades
in the centre
,
of Valmiera, created as a reminder of the city’s medieval heritage, which has virtually all been lost.
The mural is the work of Jånis Tançers and Zane
Gudina. It includes a fragment of a 1570 map by
Abraham Ortelius, a picture of a cog — the characteristic means of transport in the heyday of the
Hanseatic League, and the earliest coat of arms of
Valmiera, preserved in the form of an impression
from 1524.
19
VALMIERAS
VALSTS ÌIMNÅZIJA
VALMIERA
GRAMMAR SCHOOL
1902. gadå Valmierå såka darboties skolotåju
seminårs, jo Valkas pilsétas valde nepieß˚îra zemi
tå büvniecîbai Valkå. Rîgas måcîbu apgabala arhitekta A. Kîzelbaßa projektéto skolotåju seminåra
éku netålu no Gaujas, toreizéjås pilsétas nomalé,
pabeidza gadu vélåk. No dzelteniem un sarkaniem
˚ie©e¬iem celtå éka laika gaitå zaudéjusi tås vidusda¬å bijußo torni ar pareizticîgo baznîcåm raksturîgo sîpolveida kupolu, bet tås korpusu sareΩ©îto
izvietojumu, kas plånå atgådina burtu “E”, médz
saistît ar vårdu “evañ©élijs”.
Skolotåju seminåra darbîbas laikå lîdz Pirmajam
pasaules karam tajå måcîjußies gan vélåk atzîti skolotåji, gan pazîstami sabiedriskie un kultüras darbinieki, måkslinieki, rakstnieki — Gustavs Klucis,
Hermanis Aplociñß, Péteris Kundziñß, rakstnieki
Jånis Ezeriñß un Leons Paegle, vésturnieks Jånis
Straubergs, komponists Jékabs Graubiñß. Vairåkus
seminåra audzékñus no tå izslédza par piedalîßanos
1905.–1907. gada revolücijå. Tagad ßajå ékå darbojas Valmieras Valsts ©imnåzija.
The Teacher’s Seminary opened in Valmiera in
1902 simply because the authorities in the town of
Valka would not grant land for building it. The
building for the Seminary, designed by the Riga
School District architect A. Kieselbasch and sited
not far from the Gauja, at that time on the outskirts
of the town, was completed a year later. The yellow-and-red brick building has in the course of
time lost its central tower with the characteristic
onion-shaped cupola of Orthodox churches. The
complicated E-shaped layout of the blocks is generally regarded as representing the word “Evangel”.
Up to the time of the First World War, the Teachers’ Seminary was attended by many later wellknown teachers, prominent social activists, cultural
figures, artists and writers. These include artists
Gustavs Klucis and Péteris Kundziñß, writers Jånis
Ezeriñß and Leons Paegle, historian Jånis Straubergs and composer Jékabs Graubiñß. Several seminary pupils were expelled for participating in the
Revolution of 1905. Nowadays, the building is
home to Valmiera Grammar School.
20
VALMIERAS
5. VIDUSSKOLA
VALMIERA 5TH
SECONDARY SCHOOL
Trîsdesmito gadu otrås puses valsts labvélîgo
attieksmi pret sabiedrisko büvju celtniecîbu apliecina vairåkas Valmieras ékas, arî 1941. gadå çekistu
nogalinåtå Arnolda Çuibes projektétås neoeklektiskås skolu ékas — 5. vidusskola (såkotnéji Valmieras komercskola) un zemga¬u virsaißa Viestura
vårdå nodévétå 3. vidusskola —, kas saglabåjußas
ne tikai büvformas, bet arî ne vienu vien laikam
raksturîgu interjera deta¬u.
The favourable attitude of the state towards the
provision of new public buildings in the second half
of the 1930s is attested by several examples in
Valmiera. These include the Neoeclectic schoolhouses designed by Arnolds Çuibe (who was killed
by the Soviet secret police in 1941): the 5th Secondary School (originally Valmiera School of Commerce) and the 3rd Secondary School, named after
the ancient Semigallian chieftain Viesturs, which
has preserved not only its external appearance, but
also various details of the interior characteristic of
that period.
21
VIDZEMES
AUGSTSKOLA
VIDZEME
UNIVERSITY COLLEGE
1996. gadå Vidzemes paßvaldîbu dibinåtå re©ionålå augstskola 2001. gadå k¬uva par valsts augståko måcîbu iestådi. Vidzemes Augstskola ir viena no
prestiΩåkajåm Latvijas augstskolåm. Türisma organizåcijas un vadîbas, Informåciju tehnolo©ijas,
Politolo©ijas, Sabiedrisko attiecîbu un Biznesa
vadîbas noda¬å måcås vairåk nekå 1100 studentu.
Lielåkå da¬a augstskolas studentu ir no Vidzemes.
Regional college, established in 1996 by the
local authorities of Vidzeme in 2001 turned into a
state higher education institution. Vidzeme University College is one of Latvia’s most prestigious higher education establishments. More than 1100 students study in the departments of Tourism Organisation and Management, Information Technologies, Political Science, Communication and Public
Relations, and Business Administration.
22
VALMIERAS MÅKSLAS
VIDUSSKOLA
VALMIERA SECONDARY
ART SCHOOL
Izstiepto Valmieras draudzes skolas namu uzcéla 1844. gadå nodegußås ékas vietå. Íî måcîbu
ieståde tajå darbojås lîdz pat pagåjußå gadsimta
20. gadiem. Draudzes skolas telpas izmantoja arî
1839. gadå dibinåtais Vidzemes draudzes skolotåju
seminårs, kas lîdz 1849. gadam skolotåja un tautas
dziesmu våcéja Jåña Cimzes (viñß zîméjis ßîs ékas
plånu) vadîbå darbojås Valmierå. Kopß 1984. gada
izremontéto éku izmanto Valmieras Måkslas vidusskola, kas vélåk tika pårveidota par Vidzemé vienîgo måkslas vidusskolu. Lîdzås tai atrodas péc
senåm fotogråfijåm rekonstruétå akmens müra
saimniecîbas éka.
The long building originally housing the Valmiera Parish School was built on the site of an earlier building that burned down in 1844. This teaching establishment functioned right up to the 1920s.
The Parish School premises were also utilised by
the Vidzeme Parish Teachers’ Seminary, established
in 1839, which existed in Valmiera up to 1849,
headed by teacher and folksong collector Jånis
Cimze (who drew a plan of this building). Since
1984, the renovated building has been the home of
Valmiera Secondary Art School, later transformed
into Vidzeme’s only secondary school of art. The
outbuilding next to it is a reconstruction of a historic stone building, recreated after old photographs.
23
UNIBANKAS VALMIERAS
FILIÅLES ‰KA
VALMIERA BRANCH
OF THE UNIBANK
Såkotnéjå Valsts zemes bankas Valmieras noda¬as éka ir viens no tîråkajiem funkcionålisma stila
paraugiem Latvijå un arhitekta Anßa Kalniña labåkais darbs. Kopß uzcelßanas (1931.–1932. gads)
éka izmantota finanßu darbîbai. 20. gs. 90. gados
to remontéjot, ievérota bijîga attieksme pret ori©inålo interjeru, gan saglabåjot daΩådas interjera un
apdares deta¬as, gan restauréjot kråsojumu vairåkås Unibankas Valmieras filiåles publiski pieejamås
telpås.
The building originally constructed for the Valmiera Branch of the State Land Bank represents one
of Latvia’s purest examples of Functionalist architecture, the finest work by architect Ansis Kalniñß.
The building has been home to financial institutions ever since it was built, in 1931–1932. In the
course of renovation work in the 1990s, care was
taken to preserve various details of the original
interiors and restore the paintwork in several publicly-accessible rooms in what is now the Valmiera
Branch of the Unibank of Latvia.
24
VIDZEMES APGABALTIESA
VIDZEME REGIONAL COURT
Neoeklektisko éku péc arhitekta Kår¬a Cinåta
projekta uzcéla îsi pirms Otrå pasaules kara 1939.
gadå. Padomju okupåcijas laikå éku, ko dévéja par
“Balto måju”, izmantoja Latvijas Komunistiskås
partijas komiteja un Valmieras rajona Tautas deputåtu padome. Labi uzturétajå namå saglabåjusies
vairåku telpu interjera apdare, jo îpaßi uzmanîbas
vérta zåle ar renesanses stilå veidotu interjeru otrajå
ståvå.
This Neoeclectic building, designed by Kårlis
Cinåts, was built just before the Second World War,
in 1939. Popularly known as the “White House”,
during the Soviet occupation this building housed
the local Committee of the Latvian Communist
Party and the Valmiera District Soviet of Peoples’
Deputies. In this well-maintained building, the original interior décor is preserved in several rooms.
Noteworthy is the first-floor hall with its Renaissance-style interiors.
25
UGUNSDZ‰S‰JU
TORNIS
20. gadsimtå såkumå Valmierå
bija divi lîdzîgi no sarkanajiem ˚ie©e¬iem büvéti ugunsdzéséju torñi.
Otrs atradås tirgus laukumå iepretî
Valmieras Svétå Sîmaña baznîcai
tagadéjå paßvaldîbas nama vietå. Íajå
industriålås arhitektüras mantojuma
paraugå izmantoti no viduslaiku pi¬u
sargtorñiem aizgüti elementi.
THE FIRE TOWER
At the beginning of the 20th century, Valmiera had two similar redbrick fire towers. The second was on
the Market Square, opposite St
Simon’s Church, on the present site
of the local authority building. This
historic example of industrial architecture utilises elements borrowed
from medieval defensive towers.
AMATNIEKU
NAMIˆÍ
Arhitekta Gustava Lenåna privåtmåja, ko péc viña projekta uzcéla
30. gadu vidü, saudzîgi izmantojot
dabisko reljefu, ir Latvijas arhitektürå reti sastopams Art Deco stila
paraugs.
THE CRAFTSMEN’S
MAISONETTE
The home of architect Gustavs
Lenåns, which he designed in the
mid-1930s, making sensitive use of
the natural relief, is a rare example in
Latvia of Art Deco architecture.
26
27
STÅVIE KRASTI
THE STEEP RIVERBANK,
ir vairåkus simtus metru garais Gaujas krasta
atsegums, kas 19. gadsimta beigås k¬uva par valmierießu iecienîtu atpütas vietu. Pirms gadiem trîsdesmit, çetrdesmit ßî vieta ce¬veΩos tika minéta kå
îpaßi nozîmîga tådé¬, ka to 1917. gadå bija apmekléjis ASV komunistu partijas dibinåtåjs un gråmatas par bo¬ßeviku apvérsumu Péterburgå “10 dienas, kas satricinåja pasauli” autors DΩons Rîds.
stretching for several hundred metres along the
Gauja, became a favourite leisure area for Valmiera
residents in the late 19th century. Thirty or forty
years ago, this location was mentioned in guidebooks as being particularly important, because it
had been visited in 1917 by John Reed, founder of
the Communist Party of the USA and author of the
book “Ten Days that Shook the World”, about the
Bolshevik coup in Petrograd.
28
KAZU KRÅCES
atrodas vienu Gaujas lîkumu pirms pilsétas
centra un var sagådåt daΩus satraucoßus brîΩus,
ierodoties Valmierå ar laivu no Strençu puses. Péc
1926. gada postoßajiem plüdiem, kad upe aizskaloja da¬u piekrastes p¬aviñas, abi upes krasti nostiprinåti ar på¬iem. 80. gadu beigås te tika uzsåkti
darbi, nedaudz saßaurinot Gaujas gultni, lai izveidotu droßåku un åtråku trasi airéßanas slaloma
treniñiem un sacensîbåm.
THE KAZU (“GOAT”)
RAPIDS,
on the first bend in the River Gauja upstream of
the city, may provide some thrilling moments for
all those arriving in Valmiera by boat from the
direction of Strençi. After the major floods of 1926,
when the riverbank meadows were partly washed
away, both banks of the river were reinforced with
piles. In the late 1980s, work began here to slightly
narrow the bed of the Gauja in order to create a
safer and faster whitewater slalom course for training and races.
29
30
VALMIERAS TILTI
THE BRIDGES OF VALMIERA
Lîdz 1865. gadam, kad tajå paßå vietå, kur
tagad atrodas pilsétas nozîmîgåkais tilts, uzcéla
pirmo tiltu pår Gauju, kas savienoja abas pilsétas
da¬as, Valmierå no KaugurmuiΩas varéja nok¬üt,
izmantojot pårceltuvi. Netålu no tilta atrodas kådreizéjie ledus pagrabi. Nogåzé virs tiem vismaz septiñdesmit gadu ik vasaru tiek atjaunota pu˚udobe
ar Valmieras vårdu.
Valmierå pår Gauju ir çetri tilti — divi no tiem
gåjéju. Vanßu tilts atrodas netålu no Pauku priedém, kur pavasaros tiek rîkots Valmieras rokfestivåls. Pa Vanßu tiltu Pårgaujas iedzîvotåji var åtråk
nok¬üt Jåña Daliña stadionå vai pilsétas estrådé.
Senåkais Valmieras tilts ir 1912. gadå uzbüvétais
AinaΩu–Valmieras–Smiltenes ßaurslieΩu dzelzce¬a
tilts, kura dzelzs konstrukcija novietota uz laukakmens müra balstiem. Péc dzelzce¬a slégßanas 70.
gados tilts lîdz ar dzelzce¬a uzbérumu k¬uvis par
kåjåmgåjéju un riteñbraucéju iecienîtu ce¬u.
Up to 1865, when the first bridge spanning the
Gauja was built on the present location of the main
bridge connecting the two parts of the town, Valmiera was accessible from Kauguri Manor only by
ferry. Not far from the bridge are the old ice cellars.
Recreated every summer for at least seventy years
on the slope above is a flowerbed displaying the
town’s name.
Valmiera has four bridges across the Gauja, two
of which are pedestrian bridges. The Suspension
Bridge is near the “Paukas Pines”, where the Valmiera Rock Festival is held in spring. It gives
Valmiera residents easy access to the Jånis Daliñß
Stadium and the city’s open-air stage. Valmiera’s
oldest bridge is the one built for the AinaΩi–Valmiera–Smiltene Narrow Gauge Railway in 1912.
The steel superstructure is placed on piers of boulder masonry. After the line was closed in the 1970s,
the bridge and the railway embankment became a
favourite route for pedestrians and cyclists.
31
DZIRNAVU EZERIˆÍ
THE MILLPOND
såkotnéji bijusi da¬a no viduslaiku Valmieras
aizsardzîbas sistémas, ko veidoja Råtsupîtes dambji
un slüΩas, ar kuru palîdzîbu tika uzstådinåts üdens,
karadarbîbai tuvojoties pilsétai. 19. gadsimtå tas,
tåpat kå Råtsupîte, noß˚îra pilsétu no ValmiermuiΩas zemes. Dzirnavu ezeriñß atrodas pilsétas viduslaiku nocietinåjuma — Zilå bastiona — pakåjé.
Ëdensdzirnavas iepretî tagadéjai Valmieras Dråmas
teåtra ékai darbojås jau kopß 17. gadsimta, bet to
éku nojauca 1937. gadå.
originally formed part of the defences of
Valmiera, which incorporated dams and sluice
gates on the Råtsupîte stream, used to raise the
water level if there was a threat of attack. In the
19th century, along with the Råtsupîte, the pond
served to divide the town from the land of Valmiera
Manor. The Millpond lies at the foot of a medieval
defensive structure — the Blue Bastion. The watermill, which was opposite the present Valmiera
Theatre building, existed right from the 17th century, and was demolished in 1937.
ELKU SALIˆA
IDOL ISLAND
ir pirmskristietîbas laika kulta vieta, kur, péc
noståstiem, senatné bijusi svétbirzs vai, péc citas
versijas — tur kådreiz audzis svétozols un atradußies Dievu — Pérkona, Potrimpa un Pîkola — téli.
1979. gada izrakumos tajå tika atsegtas trîs pavardu pédas. Netålu no tås tecéja Svétavots, kam
piemitußas dziednieciskas spéjas.
is pre-Christian sacred site. According to legend,
there was once a holy grove here or a holy oak with
images of the Gods Pérkons, Potrimps and Pîkols.
In the course of archaeological excavation in 1979,
the remains of three hearths were found. No far
from this place is the Holy Spring, credited with
healing powers.
32
KARÅTAVU KALNIˆÍ,
GALLOWS HILL,
saukts arî par Runtiñkalnu, ir viduslaiku soda
vieta, kas atradås årpus pilsétas. Karåtavu kalniñå
1919. gada decembrî noßåva un apbedîja 11 komunistiski noskañotus jaunießus. Padomju laikå ßo
vietu pårdévéja par Komjaunießu kalniñu un izmantoja propagandas nolükos, rîkojot uz to arî
låpu gåjienus. Pirmais péckara monumentålais ansamblis (télnieks Jånis Zariñß) Latvijå tika atklåts
1949. gadå. Tas apvieno izmantoto materiålu pieticîbu ar gaumîgi iekårtotu vidi.
also known as Runtiñkalns, is a medieval place
of punishment, lying outside the town limits. On
Gallows Hill, 11 Communist youths were shot and
buried in December 1919. In the Soviet era, the
place was renamed “Communard Hill” and exploited for propaganda purposes, even organising
processions by torchlight. The first major post-war
monument in Latvia was unveiled here in 1949 (by
sculptor Jånis Zariñß). Quite simple materials have
been used, and a tasteful setting has been created.
33
VECPUIÍU PARKS
THE BACHELORS’ PARK
izveidots, apvienojot divus nelielus parkus —
årsta, Valmieras pilsétas galvas un mecenåta Georga Apiña pilsétai dåvinåto parku aiz kådreizéjå
pilsétas valdes nama un 1914. gadå atklåto publisko Pilsétas parku, ko iekårtoja Liljes måju vietå.
Tå dibinåtåji — astoñi tolaik pazîstami Valmieras
iedzîvotåji — novéléja, ka péc viñu nåves tam pakåpeniski jåpåriet pilsétas îpaßumå. Lielåkå da¬a no
viñiem neapprecéjås, tådé¬ parks ieguva Vecpuißu
parka vårdu. Gados péc Otrå pasaules kara péc
Freiberga projekta uzcelto paviljonu izmantoja gan
par pilsétas kultüras namu, gan sporta zåli. Ilgu
laiku namu neizmantoja; pielågojot kafejnîcas un
boulinga zåles vajadzîbåm, saglabåja gan tam raksturîgås galerijas, gan atjaunoja vairåkas fasådes
deta¬as. Kåds noståsts vésta, ka tornîtis, kurå paviljona atklåßanas dienå muzicéja or˚estris, uzcelts,
lai varétu vérot Haleja kométas tuvoßanos.
was created by joining two small parks: a park
behind the former house of the town executive
board, donated to the town by the medical doctor
and Mayor of Valmiera Georgs Apinis, and the
public Town Park opened in 1914, established on
the site of the Lilje Farm. The creators of the park —
eight well-known Valmiera residents — bequeathed
the park to the town, to whose ownership it should
gradually be transferred after their death. Most of
them never married, so the park obtained the name
“Bachelors’ Park”. The pavilion designed by Freibergs served in the years after the Second World
War as the town’s cultural centre and as a sports
hall. For a long time it was disused. Now it has
been adapted to the needs of a café and bowling
hall, although the characteristic galleries have been
retained, and various exterior elements have been
restored. It is said that the small tower, where the
orchestra played on the opening day of the pavilion, was built in order to observe the approach of
Halley’s Comet.
34
dabas formas un pilsétas mérogus.
Tå apdarei, tåpat kå Rîgas Brå¬u
kapos, izmantots AllaΩu ßünakmens,
bet galvenais téls ir Valmieras
©erboña saß˚eltå liepa. Lai arî da¬a
elementu, arî bronzas åboli, kas bija
novietoti zem augoßas åbeles un
kurå autori bija ießifréjußi par ansamb¬a konkréto veltîjumu vispårîgåkas idejas, zudusi 90. gados, kad
Latviju postîja kråsaino metålu våkßanas kampaña, tomér tås kopums
ir saglabåjies.
THE MEMORIAL
ENSEMBLE ON
LUCA HILL
MEMORIÅLAIS ANSAMBLIS
LUCAS KALNÅ
Arheolo©iskie izrakumi pierådîjußi — 13.–15.
gadsimtå Lucas kalnå atradusies vietéjo iedzîvotåju
apmetne. Par ßo kalnu izteikts pieñémums — tå
bijusi ar latga¬u pilskalnu saistîta svétvieta. Pilskalnå våcießi vélåk uzcélußi müra pili. 1985. gadå
pabeigtais Otrajå pasaules karå kritußo padomju
karavîru un faßisma terora upuru memoriålais ansamblis Lucas kalnå bija viens no pédéjiem ßåda
veida darbiem Latvijå. To izveidoja, lai vienkopus
pårapbedîtu kara beigås kritußos un rajona pagastos apbedîtos padomju armijas karavîrus, kå arî
faßisma terora upurus. Péc arhitektu ‰valda Foge¬a,
Jåña Lejnieka, Jåña Rutka un Andra Vîtola projekta, kas tapis, sadarbojoties ar télniekiem Zigrîdu
un Juri Rapåm, izveidots ansamblis, kas respekté
Archaeological excavation has
shown that in the 13th–15th century, Luca Hill was the site of a settlement of the indigenous inhabitants.
It has been suggested that the hill
was a sacred site connected with a
Latgallian hill-fort. Later, the Germans built a stone castle here. The
Memorial Ensemble for the Soviet
Soldiers Killed in the Second World
War and the Victims of the Nazi
Terror on Luca Hill completed in
1985, was one of the last such
works erected in Latvia. It was created in order to rebury at one site all
the Soviet soldiers who fell in the
final part of the war and had been
buried in various parishes of this
district, as well as victims of the
Nazi terror. The design, by architects ‰valds Fogelis, Jånis Lejnieks, Jånis Rutkis
and Andris Vîtols, created in collaboration with
sculptors Zigrîda and Juris Rapa, respects the natural forms and the scale of the city. AllaΩi Tufa is
the stone utilised for decoration — the same as has
been used for the Military Cemetery in Riga. The
main feature is the lime tree from the Valmiera coat
of arms — which is shown torn asunder. Certain
elements, such as the bronze apples placed under a
growing apple tree, symbolise more general ideas
than the specific idea behind this memorial ensemble. The apples were stolen in the 1990s, when
Latvia suffered much damage in the rush to collect
and sell precious metals. Nevertheless, the monument has generally remained intact.
35
VALMIERAS DRÅMAS
TEÅTRIS
VALMIERA DRAMA
THEATRE
ir Vidzemé vienîgais profesionålais teåtris. Tå
pirmsåkumi saistîti ar 1919. gadå dibinåto Valmieras Padomes teåtri. 20. gadsimta 20.–30. gados
tas brîΩiem darbojås kå profesionåls, palaikam kå
amatieru teåtris. Péckara gados teåtri, ko toreiz
sauca par Leona Paegles Valsts Valmieras dråmas
teåtri, vairåk nekå trîsdesmit gadus vadîja Péteris
Lücis — le©endårais Oskara lomas atveidotåjs
populåråkajå pirmskara filmå “Zvejnieka déls”.
Teåtra vésturiskås telpas, kas da¬éji bija uzceltas uz
Térbatas bastiona un ko veidoja 1882. gadå nodibinåtås Latvießu biedrîbas iegådåtå privåtmåja,
kam daΩus gadus vélåk piebüvéja izrîkojumu zåli,
tika nojauktas, lai vietå uzceltu teåtra jauno éku.
Tås septiñpadsmit gadu ilgußo büvniecîbu pabeidza
2004. gada nogalé. Valmieras Dråmas teåtrî iestudé
galvenokårt reålpsiholo©iska rakstura lugas, kas,
tåpat kå aktieri, bieΩi iegüst “Spélmañu nakts” balvas. Teåtra ékå notiek arî koncerti un måkslas
izstådes, vietéjas un starptautiskas konferences.
Teåtris, kura iepriekßéjås telpås Rüdolfs Blaumanis
1905. gadå iestudéja un arî pats téloja lugå
“Ugunî”, iedibinåjis dramaturgam veltîta festivåla
tradîciju.
is the only professional theatre in the Vidzeme
region, tracing its origins back to the Valmiera
Soviet Theatre, founded in 1919. In the 1920s and
30s, it fluctuated between professional and amateur
status. In the post-war years, the theatre, then
known as the Leons Paegle State Valmiera Drama
Theatre, was led for more than three decades by
Péteris Lücis — who had became famous in the role
of Oskars in the popular pre-war film “Fisherman’s
Son”. The old theatre premises, in a private home
partially overlying the former Tartu Bastion, which
had been acquired by the Latvian Society (founded
in 1882), and had been augmented with a hall some
years later, were demolished in order to make way
for a new theatre building. Under construction for
seventeen years, it was finally completed in late
2004. Psychological realism dominates in productions by Valmiera Drama Theatre, and the productions and actors have often won national prizes.
Also held in the theatre are concerts, art exhibitions
and conferences. The theatre has established a festival tradition dedicated to the Latvian playwright
Rüdolfs Blaumanis: in 1905, he directed and played
in a production of his own work “In the Fire”.
36
A. Çehova lugas “Tévocis Vaña” iestudéjums (2003)
A production of Chekhov’s “Uncle Vanya” (2003)
H. Ibsena lugas “Jüras meita” iestudéjums (2004)
A production of Ibsen’s “The Lady from the Sea” (2004)
37
KINOTEÅTRIS “GAISMA”
THE “GAISMA” CINEMA
1951. gadå uzceltais kinoteåtris (projekta autors
ˆesterjuks) lîdz ar Rîgas ielå netålu esoßo “veco
unîti” (arhitekts Péteris Saulîtis, 1953.–1955. gads)
bija vienas no pirmajåm ékåm, ko Valmierå uzcéla
péc Otrå pasaules kara. Tås ir iespaidîgi Sta¬ina
laika celtniecîbas paraugi, kas lîdz müsdienåm saglabåjußi arî lielu da¬u såkotnéjå interjera apdares.
Kinoteåtra “Gaisma” arhitektürå — galvenås fasådes portikveida nißa — nepårprotama lîdzîba ar
vairåkåm 30. gadu otrås puses Latvijas Republikas
sabiedrisko celtñu retrospektîvajåm tendencém. Fasådes un interjera rotåjumå — kiçîgs un absurds
latvießu etnogråfisko un padomju simbolikas apvienojums, kå arî laikam raksturîgu siΩetu izmantojums.
The cinema, dating from 1951 (designed by
Nesteryuk), along with the “old supermarket” on
Rîgas Street from 1953–55 (designed by Péteris
Saulîtis), were among the first buildings constructed in Valmiera after the Second World War. These
are impressive examples of Stalinist architecture,
which have retained a large proportion of their
original interior decoration. The architecture of the
“Gaisma” Cinema, with the niche resembling a
portico in the front of the building, betrays an undeniable resemblance to the retrospective tendencies seen in many public buildings from the second
half of the 1930s, in the time of the Republic of
Latvia. The exterior and interior decoration features a kitschy and absurd combination of Latvian
ethnographic motifs and Soviet symbols, along
with scenes typical for this period.
38
JňA DALIˆA STADIONS
1938. gadå atklåto Jåña Daliña stadionu såka
büvét 30. gadu vidü, jo senåkais LimbaΩu ielas
sporta dårzs bija par mazu, lai varétu sarîkot starptautiskas sacensîbas un tajå iek¬ütu visi, kas véléjås
redzét Latvijas tålaika populåråko sportistu Jåni
Daliñu. Latvijas so¬otåjs, kurß 1932. gada LosandΩelosas olimpiskajås spélés izcînîja sudraba meda¬u un vairåkkårt laboja pasaules rekordus, lîdz ar
izciliem zinåtniekiem, kultüras un sabiedriskajiem
darbiniekiem k¬uva par Tévzemes balvas laureåtu.
Péckara gados Jånis Daliñß dzîvoja Austrålijå, bet
apbedîts Valmieras pilsétas kapos. Stadionam
Daliña vårdu pieß˚îra Atmodas laikå. Rekonstruétajå stadionå sarîkoja pirmås TrîszvaigΩñu spéles,
un ik vasaru tajå tiek izcînîta Valsts prezidenta
balva vieglatlétikå.
THE JÅNIS DALIˆÍ STADIUM
Work began in the mid-1930s on the Jånis Daliñß Stadium, opened in 1938. The original sports
field, on LimbaΩu Street, had become too small for
international events and for all the spectators eager
to see Latvia’s most popular sportsman of the day,
Jånis Daliñß. The Latvian racewalker won a silver
medal at the 1932 Los Angeles Olympics and several times broke world records. Along with outstanding figures in science, culture and society, he
was awarded the Fatherland Prize. After the war,
Daliñß lived in Australia, but he is buried at Valmiera City Cemetery. The stadium was named after
Daliñß in the time of the National Awakening. Held
in the renovated stadium were the first Three Stars
Games, and every summer the President’s Prize in
athletics is contested here.
39
GALERIJA “LAIPA”
THE “LAIPA” GALLERY
Pirms vairåk nekå desmit gadiem izveidota, sekmîgi strådåjoßa privåta måkslas galerija, kas galvenokårt eksponé Vidzemes naivistus, vietéjos profesionå¬us, jaunus måksliniekus. Tås rîkotås izstådes, glezniecîbas un fotoplenéri aptver ne tikai Valmieru un Vidzemi.
This successful private art gallery, established
more than a decade ago, mainly displays work by
the naive artists of Vidzeme, local professional
artists and young artists. The scope of its exhibitions and plein-air painting and photography
events extends beyond Valmiera and the Vidzeme
region.
40
Teodora Ëdera glezna “Paßportrets ar Rubensu” (1907)
“Self-portrait with Rubens”, a painting by T. Ëders (1907)
MÅKSLINIEKA TEODORA
ËDERA DARBNÈCA
THE STUDIO OF ARTIST
TEODORS ËDERS
Namå Pårgaujå, kurå atradås måkslinieka Teodora Ëdera darbnîca, 20. gadsimta pirmajå pusé
neilgu laiku dzîvoja vairåki latvießu rakstnieki —
Påvils Rozîtis, Linards Laicens, Jånis Zieme¬nieks.
Igauña Rooka nama (tagad Teodora Ëdera ielå 9)
jumta ståva divås telpås no 1907. lîdz 1915. gadam
atradås zîméßanas skolotåja un noma¬å måkslinieka
Teodora Ëdera (1868–1915) darbnîca. Viña simboliskajiem un skarbu dzîves uztveri iemiesojoßajiem ogles zîméjumiem ir bütiska nozîme Latvijas
20. gadsimta såkuma måkslå. Teodora Ëdera ietekmé vairåki viña audzékñi — Emîls Melderis, Ernests
un Arvîds Brastiñi, Marta Lange — nopietni pievérsås måkslai. 2002. gadå pie nama atklåja télnieka
Andra Vårpas veidotu piemiñas plåksni.
On the opposite bank of the Gauja is a house
where the studio of artist Teodors Ëders was located, and which in the first half of the 20th century
was home for a short time to three Latvian writers:
Påvils Rozîtis, Linards Laicens and Jånis Zieme¬nieks. In two rooms in the attic of this house,
owned by an Estonian named Rook (now 9 Teodora Ëdera Street), in 1907–1915 was the studio of
drawing teacher and offbeat artist Teodors Ëders
(1868–1915). His symbolic charcoal drawings,
revealing a harsh perception of life, have a significant place in early 20th century Latvian art. With
his encouragement, several of his pupils — Emîls
Melderis, Ernests and Arvîds Brastiñß and Marta
Lange — later developed into major artists. In
2002, a memorial plaque by sculptor Andris Vårpa
was unveiled at the house.
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SKULPTËRA
“IZIRUÍÅS ROZES”
THE SCULPTURE
“THE WILTED ROSES”
Kår¬a Zåles apjomîgå skulptüra “Izirußås rozes”
îsti neiederas nelielajå Dîvala kapsétå un såkotnéji
bija domåta Rîgas Brå¬u kapiem, bet 50. gados tur
neuzstådîto darbu, iespéjams, paglåbjot no iznîcinåßanas, pårveda uz Valmieru. Dîvala kapsétas
nosaukums, iespéjams, ir lejasvåcu vårda deiwel
(velns) latviskojums, ar ko péc kristietîbas ievießanas varéja apzîmét kulta vietu netålajå Elku saliñå.
The major sculpture “The wilted roses” by Kårlis
Zåle, in the Dîvals Cemetery is somewhat inappropriate for such a small cemetery. It was originally
intended for the Military Cemetery in Riga, but in
the 1950s the work, which had not been erected on
the intended site, was possibly saved from destruction by being brought to Valmiera. The name of the
Dîvals Cemetery may be a Latvian adaptation of
the Lower German word deiwel (“Devil”), possibly
a reference after the advent of Christianity to the
sacred site at the nearby Idol Island.
42
SKULPTËRA
“VELTÈJUMS
JAUNAJAM
GADSIMTAM”
Tolaik vél Måkslas akadémijas studenta télnieka
Gintera Krumholca darbs
2001. gadå tika uzstådîts
vésturiskajå Garnizona laukumå Eiropas kultüras mantojuma dienu laikå, netålu
no 18. gadsimta beigås uzceltås Krievijas tipveida zirgu pasta stacijas ékas, kur
uzturéjås tie, kas arî 19. gadsimtå izmantoja zviedru
laikå izveidoto ce¬u, lai nok¬ütu gan Péterburgå, gan
Rietumeiropå. Íî skulptüra
k¬uvusi par jauno Valmieras
simbolu.
THE
SCULPTURE
“GIFT TO
THE NEW
CENTURY”
This work, by sculptor
Ginters Krumholcs, then a
student at the Latvian Academy of Art, was erected in
2001 in the historic Garrison Square during the European Heritage Days. It
lies near the typical 18th
century Russian post horse
station, which provided services for those who in the
19th century used the road
built already in the time of
Swedish rule to reach St
Petersburg or Western Europe. The sculpture has become the new symbol of
Valmiera.
44
45
Netålu no Valmieras atrodas vairåki uzmanîbas
vérti objekti. To starpå populåråkie un sakoptåkie —
Sietiñiezis (Vaidavas pagastå) — 15 m augsts baltå
smilßakmens atsegums Gaujas labajå krastå; Zilais
kalns (Kocénu pagastå) — sena kulta vieta, kurå
reiz atradies svétvietu komplekss, kas saistîts ar
Lîgo svétku tradîcijåm, bieΩi pieminéts teikås, arî
literåros darbos; kådreiz baronam Paulam Volfam
46
Not far from Valmiera are several sites worth
visiting. The most popular and best-maintained
include Sietiñiezis Rock (Vaidava Parish) — a 15metre-high exposure of white sandstone on the
right bank of the Gauja; Zilais kalns (“Blue Mountain”, Kocéni Parish) — which once had a complex
of ancient sacred sites connected with the Midsummer (Lîgo) traditions, mentioned in many legends
piederéjusî Dik¬u muiΩas neobarokålå pils, kurå,
to pielågojot viesnîcas vajadzîbåm, tika restauréts
vairåku telpu 19. gadsimta interjers; sporta båze
“Bai¬i” — iecienîts kalnu slépoßanas centrs. Tå
nosaukums aizgüts no kådreiz tå vietå bijußajåm
zemnieku måjåm, ko pagåjußajå gadsimta 30. gados pazina kå vietéjo Norvé©iju.
and literary works; the Neobaroque Dik¬i ManorHouse formerly belonging to Baron Paul Wolff,
where the 19th century interiors have been restored
in several rooms, adapting the house as a hotel; and
Bai¬i Recreation Centre — a favourite downhill skiing resort. The name is derived from the farmstead
once located on the site, known in the 1930s as
“our local piece of Norway”.
47
SATURS
CONTENTS
Vésture
4
Historical Background
Pilsdrupas
9
The Castle Ruins
4
9
Vecå aptieka
10
The Old Pharmacy
10
Skulptüra “Valmieras puikas”
12
The sculpture “Boys of Valmiera”
12
Valterkalniñß
13
Valterkalniñß
13
Svétå Sîmaña baznîca
15
St Simon’s Church
15
Svétå RadoñeΩas Sergija baznîca
16
The Church of St Sergius of Radonezh
16
Svétås Jaunavas Marijas Romas
17
The Roman Catholic Church of
17
Råtslaukums
18
The Town Square
18
Hanzas siena
19
The Hansa Wall
19
Valmieras Valsts ©imnåzija
20
Valmiera Grammar School
20
Valmieras 5. vidusskola
21
Valmiera 5th Secondary School
21
Vidzemes Augstskola
22
Vidzeme University College
22
Valmieras Måkslas vidusskola
23
Valmiera Secondary Art School
23
Unibankas Valmieras filiåles éka
24
Valmiera Branch of Unibank
24
Vidzemes apgabaltiesa
25
Vidzeme Regional Court
25
Ugunsdzéséju tornis
26
The Fire Tower
26
Amatnieku namiñß
26
The Craftsmen’s Maisonette
26
Ståvie krasti
28
The steep riverbank
28
Kazu kråces
29
The Kazu (“Goat”) Rapids
29
Valmieras tilti
31
The bridges of Valmiera
31
Dzirnavu ezeriñß
32
The Millpond
32
Elku saliña
32
Idol Island
32
Karåtavu kalniñß
33
Gallows Hill
33
Vecpuißu parks
34
The Bachelors’ Park
34
Memoriålais ansamblis Lucas kalnå
35
The Memorial Ensemble on Luca Hill
35
Valmieras Dråmas teåtris
36
Valmiera Drama Theatre
36
Kinoteåtris “Gaisma”
38
The “Gaisma” Cinema
38
Jåña Daliña stadions
39
The Jånis Daliñß Stadium
39
Galerija “Laipa”
40
The “Laipa” Gallery
40
Måkslinieka Teodora Ëdera darbnîca
41
The studio of artist Teodors Ëders
41
Skulptüra “Izirußås rozes”
42
The sculpture “The wilted roses”
42
Skulptüra “Veltîjums jaunajam gadsimtam”
44
The sculpture “Gift to the New Century”
44
kato¬u baznîca
the Holy Virgin Mary
www.jumava.lv
Izdevéjs — SIA “Jumava”, Dzirnavu ielå 73, Rîgå LV 1011.
Iespiests — VZD poligråfijas da¬å “Latvijas karte”, O. Våcießa ielå 43, Rîgå LV 1004.