Importancia de la Transparencia para la Efectividad en el Desarrollo

Importancia de la Transparencia para la Efectividad en el Desarrollo

Importancia de la Transparencia para
la Efectividad en el Desarrollo y Exito
de los Clientes
Parte 1: Que Hemos Aprendido de
Transparencia de Precios
Chuck Waterfield
CEO, MFTransparency
22 Julio 2015
MFTransparency Results
30 countries
500 lenders
Training to
Regulators from
> 20 countries
50+ million clients
80% women
Phase I
Phase II
Phase III
Phase III
Procedimiento del Piloto
• 10 Financiadores y Redes Internacionales
• Elegimos 5 paises
• Identificamos 64 IMFs afiliados con los 10
socios
Resultados del Piloto
1.
2.
Planificamos 3 meses para el piloto, extendemos a
5 meses
40% sin communicacion; 30% nego; 30% acepo (19
MFIs)
De los 19 quien acepto, 8 finalizo
Desafios para IMF
1.
2.
3.
4.
Miedo de ser en la minoria transparente
Miedo que el publico critica los precios
El trabajo de “otro informe”
No es obligatorio
•
“Sufro si muestro, seguro si oculto”
Desafios para los Redes
1.
2.
3.
4.
Trabajo adicional… costo adicional
Asigno el trabajo al equipo de desempeno social, no a los
analistas
No todos tienen una relacion muy estrecha con los IMFs
Miedo de ser el unico financiador exigiendo transparencia
La Junta de MFT Tomo la Decision
Que pasara con la transparencia?
• MFT compartira las herramientas y metodologia
▫ Las IMFs
▫ Financiadores y redes
▫ Certificaciones y Ratings
• Exponer datos en otro lugar?
• MFT sigue compartiendo 200 informes y
recursos en su pagina web
Que hemos aprendido de precios?
Que es el APR?
Es el cost de prestar $1.00 por un año. Es un “costo
unidad de alquilar”
APR 30%: cuesta 30 centavos para prestar $1.00 por
un año completo.
APR: anualizacion nominal
EIR: anualizacion compuesto
Tanzania – from 25% to 140%
Philippines – from 50% to 150%
Bolivia – from 15% to 60%
Which loan would you pick?
Loan amount:
Loan term:
Zero Interest
Loan
Interest and
Fees
And Savings
Interest
Only
$1,000
$1,000
$1,000
$1,000
10 weeks
10 weeks
10 weeks
10 weeks
Which loan would you pick?
Loan amount:
Loan term:
Zero Interest
Loan
Interest and
Fees
And Savings
Interest
Only
$1,000
$1,000
$1,000
$1,000
10 weeks
10 weeks
10 weeks
10 weeks
Interest Rate:
0%
Upfront fee:
5%
Savings:
0%
Which loan would you pick?
Zero Interest
Loan
Interest and
Fees
And Savings
Interest
Only
$1,000
$1,000
$1,000
$1,000
10 weeks
10 weeks
10 weeks
10 weeks
Interest Rate:
0%
15% (“flat”)
Upfront fee:
5%
2%
Savings:
0%
0%
Loan amount:
Loan term:
Which loan would you pick?
Zero Interest
Loan
Interest and
Fees
And Savings
Interest
Only
$1,000
$1,000
$1,000
$1,000
10 weeks
10 weeks
10 weeks
10 weeks
Interest Rate:
0%
15% (“flat”)
12% (“flat”)
Upfront fee:
5%
2%
1%
Savings:
0%
0%
20%
Loan amount:
Loan term:
Which loan would you pick?
Loan amount:
Loan term:
Zero Interest
Loan
Interest and
Fees
And Savings
Interest
Only
$1,000
$1,000
$1,000
$1,000
10 weeks
10 weeks
10 weeks
10 weeks
12% (“flat”)
36% decl
1%
0%
0%
20%
0%
Nominal Annual Interest Rate
Interest Rate:
0%
15% (“flat”)
---------------------------------Full APR
Upfront fee:
5%
2%
Savings:
Full Transparency
= 100
0%
TCC
$50
$50
$33
$38
APR
48%
48%
48%
36%
Transparency
Index
Which loan would you pick?
Zero Interest
Loan
Interest and
Fees
And Savings
Interest
Only
$1,000
$1,000
$1,000
$1,000
10 weeks
10 weeks
10 weeks
10 weeks
Interest Rate:
0%
15% (“flat”)
12% (“flat”)
36% decl
Upfront fee:
5%
2%
1%
0%
Savings:
0%
0%
20%
0%
TCC
$50
$50
$33
$38
APR
48%
48%
48%
36%
Transparency
Index
0
32
25
100
Loan amount:
Loan term:
Ghana – from 50% to 175%
SAT – Oportunidad
Int: 22-39% flat
2 comisiones
Seguros
Deposito: 10%
Transparencia: 20
Transparencia en Filipinas
Realizing that there is a Cost Curve
Efficiency
Operating Cost per
Loan
Loan Size
Operating Cost Ratio
1
2
3
$50
$500
10%
Realizing that there is a Cost Curve
Efficiency
Operating Cost per
Loan
Loan Size
Operating Cost Ratio
1
2
3
$50
$250
$500
10%
Realizing that there is a Cost Curve
Efficiency
Operating Cost per
Loan
Loan Size
Operating Cost Ratio
1
2
3
$50
$50
$250
20%
$500
10%
Realizing that there is a Cost Curve
Efficiency
Operating Cost per
Loan
Loan Size
Operating Cost Ratio
1
$100
2
3
$50
$50
$250
20%
$500
10%
Realizing that there is a Cost Curve
Efficiency
1
2
3
Operating Cost per
Loan
Loan Size
Operating Cost Ratio
$30
$50
$50
$100
30%
$250
20%
$500
10%
Cost Components that Affect Pricing
Component
Financial Costs
Loan Loss
Operating Costs
10%
2%
20%
Cost Components that Affect Pricing
Component
Financial Costs
Loan Loss
Operating Costs
Profit
10%
2%
20%
3%
Total Price
35%
Financial Expenses range between 2%
and 5%, with a flat-average of 3%, not
correlated to loan balance.
Loan Provision is a consistent 1% to 2%,
not correlated to loan balance.
Operating Cost Ratio is by far the
largest component, ranging from 10%
to 30% and is highly correlated to loan
balance.
Price curve follows cost curve
Price curve follows cost curve
Es la situacion actual
En Parte II conversamos de como
tomar decisiones sobre nuestros
precios
Importancia de la Transparencia para
la Efectividad en el Desarrollo y Exito
de los Clientes
Parte 2: Avanzar con Transparencia
y Respeto a los Clientes
Chuck Waterfield
CEO, MFTransparency
22 Julio 2015
Tres Nivels
1.
2.
3.
Institucional
Nacional
Global
Elegir Mas Transparencia
Precio Responsible – Tasa del mercado
?
Limitations of Portfolio Yield
Example of an MFI in Uganda with 5 products
Portfolio Yield
• Portfolio yield ignores
differences of products
and clients
• Portfolio yield misses
Compulsory Deposits and
possibly insurance
• Using an AVERAGE
PRICE (slightly better
than portfolio yield) also
has severe limitations for
same reasons
Usar Precios Equilbrados
• Balancear entre negocio y
cliente
• Reconocer no hay un solo
precio del mercado
• Reconocer imperfecciones
del mercado
• Reconocer no todos los
clientes pagan el mismo
precio
• Evaluar un precio ponderado
Defining a Responsible Price
Defining a Responsible Price
Defining a Responsible Price
Defining a Responsible Price
Transparencia a Nivel Nacional
Truth-in-Lending, America Latina
MFIN (la red de la India) hace una
auto-supervision de los miembros
Transparencia a nivel global
Supuesto
2008
Esperanza 2015