Shredding plant - Universitat Jaume I

VEHICLES AT THE END OF THEIR LIFE IN SPAIN: TRADITIONAL AND
NEW TREATMENT FACILITIES
Muñoz, C.(1)(*), Sanfelix, J.(1), Gómez, G.(1), Garraín, D.(1), Franco, V.(1), Justel, D.(2), Vidal, R.(1)
(1)GID,
Engineering Design Group, Dpt. Mechanical Engineering & Construction, Universitat Jaume I, Avd. Sos Baynat, s/n.
12071, Castellón (Spain). Tel.: +34 964729252, Fax: +34 964728106, *e-mail: [email protected]
(2)Dpto. de Mecánica y Producción Industrial, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Mondragon (EPS), Mondragon Unibertsitatea,
C/ Loramendi nº 4, Aptdo. 23. 20500, Arrasate (España)
INTRODUCTION
In Spain, the End-of-Life (EOL) of vehicles is mainly determined by three agents: Authorized Treatment Facilities (ATFs), shredding plants and dense media or flotation plants.
The work method that those agents use defines the final fate –reuse, recycling, recuperation or disposal into landfills– of the waste coming from the vehicle.
In the present study, the EOL treatment of vehicles in traditional ATFs –which apply manual methods to dismantle materials and components– is compared with the EOL
treatment in newer ATFs –which apply systematic dismantling methods–. For the analysis of traditional ATFs, eight plants located near Castellón (Spain) were considered, plus
a shredding plant and a dense media plant in Zaragoza (Spain). In order to study newer ATFs, a particular ATF from La Coruña (Spain) –which features an automated vehicle
disassembly line- was considered, plus the aforementioned shredding plant and a dense media plant in Zaragoza.
MATERIALS & METHODS
Starting with the EOL of vehicles defined by Muñoz et al (2008), waste inputs and outputs are defined for the scenario of EOL of vehicles in Spain –Figure 1–. Taking as
reference that diagram, waste inputs and outputs will be established for the EOL system –Table 1–. Each waste is identified according to the European waste catalogue and
hazardous waste list (List of Waste code –LoW code–, hazardous nature, label), as well as the amount generated by vehicle processed and their next destiny. The data of the
ATFs with manual dismantling are obtained from the data compiled by Muñoz et al (2009). For the inventory of ATFs with systematic dismantling, it has been analyzed the
production data of the years 2007 and 2008 of the ATF VFUs Armonía Galicia S.A. The inventory of the shredding and dense media plant has been obtained as an application
of the process performance data derived from the analysis of both plants. The generated wastes are established as a function of the input wastes and performance of each
plant.
LoW 160104 Authorized Treatment Facility
Decontaminating
Hazardous
waste
Dismatling
Non-Hazardous
waste
LoW Code Hadarzous
Recycled
Energy recovery
Disposal into
landfill
Recycled
Energy recovery
Pneumatic sorting
Ferrous
metals
Magnetic sorting
Dirty Metals
Flotation sorting
Dense Media plant
Hazardous & NonHazardous waste
LoW 191212
Recycled
Disposal into
landfill
Figure 1. Inputs & outputs of Spanish
EOL system of vehicles
EOL system based on ATF Manual Systematic
Recycled
74,81%
82,23%
Energy recovered
3,02%
2,38%
Disposal into landfill
22,17%
15,39%
Table 2. Recycled, energy recovered and
disposal into landfill; final value
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This study is part of the project “Reducción del impacto
ambiental de automóviles mediante el aligeramiento
estructural basado en composites de carbono de bajo
coste, sin comprometer la seguridad y el confort (ref.
PSE-370100-2007-1)”, funded by the Ministry of Science
and Innovation of Spain and European Regional
Development Fund (ERDF).
VFUs Armonía Galicia S.A., for their assistance in
preparing this study.
References
Muñoz, C., López, R., Justel, D., Garraín, D. (2008). Análisis
medioambiental de los retrovisores de vehículos. Evolución
temporal y escenarios de fin de vida, Proceedings of 9th
Congreso Nacional del Medio Ambiente, CONAMA 09,
Madrid, España. ISBN: 978-84-613-1481-2.
Muñoz, C., Vidal, R., Garraín, D., Franco, V., Justel, D.,
Espartero. (2009). Estudio de los Centros Autorizados de
Tratamiento de vehículos de la provincia de Castellón,
Proceedings of 13th International Congress on Project
Engineering, AEIPRO 2009, Badajoz, España. ISBN: 978-84613-3498-8.
Manual Systematic
End-of-life vehicles
Mineral-based non-chlorinated engine, gear and lubricating oils
Other engine, gear and lubricating oils
Fuel oil and diesel
Petrol
End-of-life tyres
Oil filters
Brake fluids
858,01
6,89
8,57
0,00
0,00
9,63
0,58
0,26
1076,00
5,17
0,00
3,61
3,85
20,02
0,14
0,31
160114
160117
160118
160119
160120
160601
160801
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
1,13
0,00
0,00
0,45
0,00
16,97
0,13
1,73
193,43
8,80
7,18
1,51
11,79
0,44
160106
No
No
Antifreeze fluids containing dangerous substances
Ferrous metal
Non-ferrous metal
Plastic
Glass
Lead batteries
Spent catalysts containing gold, silver, rhenium, rhodium, palladium,
iridium or platinum (except 16 08 07)
Reuse parts
End-of-life vehicles, containing neither liquids nor other hazardous
components
Energy recovered
Energy recovered
Recycled
Recycled
Energy recovered
Energy recovered
Energy recovered
Disposal into
landfill
Recycled
Recycled
Recycled
Recycled
Recycled
Recycled
0,00
813,39
113,08
704,94
Reused
Sherreding plant
813,39
704,94
583,25
0,12
9,00
3,82
0,27
20,49
186,98
505,48
0,11
7,80
3,31
0,24
17,76
162,05
9,46
8,20
9,46
8,20
7,29
0,07
2,10
6,32
0,06
1,82
Shredding
Non-Ferrous
metals
Authorized Treatment Facility
Use
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Shredding plant
Recycled
Disposal into
landfill
Recycled
Disposal into
landfill
[kg/unit] [kg/unit]
Inputs
160104
Outputs 130205
130208
130701
130702
160103
160107
160113
Packing
LoW 160106
Label
Shredding plant
Inputs
160106
No
Outputs 160117
160117
160118
160118
160118
191006
191212
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
191006
No
191006
No
Outputs 160117
160118
191212
No
No
No
Inputs
End-of-life vehicles, containing neither liquids nor other hazardous
components
Ferrous metal (fragmented scrap)
Ferrous metal (iron and steel)
Non-ferrous metal (aluminum)
Non-ferrous metal (copper)
Non-ferrous metal (lead)
Other fractions other than those mentioned in 19 10 05 (mixed metal)
Other wastes (including mixtures of materials) from mechanical
treatment of wastes other than those mentioned in 19 12 11
Other fractions other than those mentioned in 19 10 05 (dirty metals
and plastics)
Dense Media Plant
Other fractions other than those mentioned in 19 10 05 (dirty metals
and plastics)
Ferrous metal (iron and steel)
Non-ferrous metal (aluminum, copper, lead)
Other wastes (including mixtures of materials) from mechanical
treatment of wastes other than those mentioned in 19 12 11
Recycled
Recycled
Recycled
Recycled
Recycled
Recycled
Disposal into
landfill
Dense Media plant
Recycled
Recycled
Disposal into
landfill
Table 1. Data collected for two Spanish EOL of vehicles system; manual or systematic ATF disassembly
RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS
The data presented show a clear difference between ATF with systematic dismantling and the ATFs with
manual dismantling. First of all, highlight the class of managed waste by facility type –15 for the systematic
dismantling ATF and 10 for the manual dismantling ATFs–. Also, the amount of extracted waste is consistent
with the indicated. At VFUs Armonía Galicia S.A. is extracted 34% of the vehicle mass –for recycle and energy
recovery–, while the ATFs located near Castellón extract only a 5%. Later –independently of their source– the
shredding and dense media plant extract similar amounts of wastes. However, the percentage of recycled or
recovered wastes over the total processed is lower in ATFs with manual dismantling. In Table 2 are shown the
recycled, energy recovered and landfill data for the EOL systems analyzed. The EOL system formed by the ATF
with systematic dismantling, the shredding plant and dense media plant, reaches an 85% of recycled and
recovered value –demanded by Directive 2000/53/EC on the end-of-life vehicles–. On the other hand, the
EOL system formed by the ATFs with manual dismantling, the shredding plant and dense media plant only
reaches a 78%.
It seems obvious that the application of systematic processes for the waste, components and pieces
extraction, allows reaching higher values of recovery in the EOL of vehicles. Improving those processes of
extraction, or even better, design the vehicles to help their dismantling at their EOL is fundamental to
increase the recovery and the recycle capacity. It is important to emphasize that in both analyzed scenarios
the energy recovery only reaches the 2-3% of the vehicles’ weight. The possible application in wastes
disposed into landfill could complete the benefits of the dismantle improvement.