File
Transcripción
File
Basic Nahuatl Conversations Phrases Words © 2008 Luis and Paula Garcia and Ho Anumpoli! All rights reserved. No part of this booklet or the forthcoming CD may be copied for any reason without the written permission of the authors. This is community project assisted by Ho Anumpoli! and represents the collaboration of two calpullin: Calpulli Ehecatl and Calpulli Chalchiuhuitziln. Ho Anumpoli! is a Tax Exempt, New Mexico educational organization. 316 ½ Columbia Dr. SE Albuquerque, NM 87106 2 Dedication to the Aztec/Mexica people and all their descendants and the danzantes recreating the dream Acknowledgements The following people have contributed to this pilot project. Paula—female speaker, dialogs, and revisions (Calpulli Chalchiuhuitziln) Erica Ocegueda—editing Spanish text (Calpulli Ehecatl) Luis Garcia—translations (Spanish & Nahuatl), editing, male speaker (Calpulli Chalchiuhuitziln) Mapitzmitl—editing Nahuatl text (Calpulli Ehecatl) Padla Domingo Olivarez—Nahuatl language consultant from Cuentepec, Morelos, Mexico George Ann Gregory, Ph.D. Linguistic consultant and general editing (Calpulli Ehecatl) 3 Directions for Using the CD The best way to begin learning Nahuatl is to listen to the CD every day for several weeks. Do this before opening the booklet. This will allow you to become familiar with the sounds of the language and will help your pronunciation. You do not need to try to repeat the words until you feel comfortable with the language. Listening over and over to the conversations before speaking is a natural way to learn a language. Directions for Using the Booklet You can use this booklet two ways. First, you can work with a partner to recreate the scenes for each conversation. Use the booklet like a script. Gather any items named in each scene to make it real for you. Take turns playing each part. Do this with other people who are also learning basic Nahuatl until you feel comfortable with these basic conversations. Second, you can use this booklet to begin reading and writing in Nahuatl. After you have learned a conversation, copy it onto a separate sheet of paper. Later, try to write the conversations as you listen to the CD. Missing Nahuatl Terms If there is no Nahuatl term supplied, use the Spanish. In some cases, Spanish terms and phrases have been borrowed into Nahuatl. 4 Pronunciation Key Symbol ..a ..au ..c ..ch ..cu ..e ..h ..hu ..i ..l ..m ..n ..o ..p ..qu ..t ..tl ..tz ..u ..uh ..x ..y ..z Sound As in father As in out /s/ before /e/ and /i/ as in set; elsewhere /k/ as in cap As in chew /kw/ as in queen As in bet /h/ as in happy /w/ as in wet As in machine /l/ as in lame /m/ as in more /n/ as in not As in or /p/ as in spoke /k/ as in keep /t/ as in tone This is pronounced by touching the back of the teeth with the tip of the tongue and releasing the air around the sides of the tongue. It is not pronounced at the tl in mettle. /z/ as in pizza As in fool /hw/ as in when As in shoe As in you /s/ as in sun (Ref. Herrera, Fermin. (2004). Nahuatl-English: English-Nahautl (Aztec). New York: Hippocrene Books, Inc. 5 Basic Nahuatl Greetings and Introductions Greetings/El Saludo/Tlapaloliztli Speaker 1 2 1 2 English Good day! Good day! How are you? Very good, thanks! And you? Español Buenos días. Buenos días. ¿Cómo está(s)? Muy bien, gracias. ¿Y tú (usted)? 1 I am good also, thanks! Estoy bien también, gracias. Nahuatl Cualli tonalli. Cualli tonalli. Quenin tica? Cualli Cualli, tlazohcamati. Ihuan tehua’(tzin)? Cualli noihqui, tlazohcamati. Alternates for extra practice Time Dawn to noon Evening— to nightfall Night English Good morning! Español ¡Buenos días! Nahuatl Cualli tlanequi. Good evening! ¡Buenas tardes! Cualli teotlac. Good night! ¡Buenas noches! Cualli yohualli. Alternates for extra practice Speaker English origination Not well! I am sick. response I’m sorry to hear that. response That’s too bad! origination So-so! OK! (neutral) response What’s up?/Why just OK? Español Nahuatl Mal. Estoy enfermo. Amo cualli. Nicocoya. Lo siento mucho. Xinechtlapopolhui. Que pena. Así así. / Más o Zan quen, zan quen. menos. ¿Qué te pasa?/ ¿Por Tleica? / Tleica zan qué solo bien nada cualli? más? 6 Introductions Speaker 1 2 1 English What is your name? My name is …. Nice to meet you. 2 Nice to meet you also. Speaker 1 English How old are you? 2 Speaker 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 Español ¿Cómo se (te) llama(s)? Me llamo …. Mucho gusto en conocerte. El gusto es mío. Español ¿Cuántos años tiene(s)? I am …(years old). Tengo ….años. English Where are you from? I am from… Where is that? It’s (direction) from here. Its in (country) It’s (distance) from here. It’s there (pointing). Nahuatl Tlein motoca? Nehuatl notoca…. Nicempaqui nimitzixmati. Noihqui nicempaqui. Nahuatl Quexqui xihuitl ticpia? Nehuatl nicpia…xihuitl. Español ¿De dónde eres? Nahuatl Canin mochan? Soy de… ¿Dónde está eso? Queda en el (dirección cardinal). Está en (país). Queda (distancia) de aquí. Por allá (señalando). Nehuatl nichanti… Canin? (direction) ca. (country) ca. (distance) huehca’ ca. Ompa. 7 Directions Compass points N S E W English Español Nahuatl North South East West Norte Sur Oriente Poniente Mictlampa Huitztlampa Tlaneztlampa Cihuatlampa English Many One Two Three Four Five Six Seven Eight Nine Ten A few Miles Kilometers Blocks Houses Español Mucho Uno/un Dos Tres Cuatro Cinco Seis Siete Ocho Nueve Diez Uno(a)s poco(a)s Millas Kilómetros Cuadras Casas Nahuatl Miec Ce(ntetl) Ome Yei Nahui Macuilli Chichuace Chicome Chicuei Chicnahui Matlactli Tepitzin Distance/age 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Caltin See appendix for larger numbers 8 The Home/ In Chantli Here are some possible conversations. Speaker 1 2 1 2 English Good day! Good day! How are you? Very good, thanks! And you? Spanish Buenos días. Buenos días. ¿Cómo está(s)? Muy bien, gracías. ¿Y tú (usted)? 1 I am good also, thanks! Estoy bien también, gracías. Nahuatl Cualli tonalli. Cualli tonalli. Quenin tica? Cualli cualli, tlazohcamati. Ihuan tehua’(tzin)? Cualli noihqui, tlazohcamati. At the dinner table Speaker Host Guest Host Guest Guest Host Guest Guest Guest Host Guest Host English Come and eat Thanks! Would you like some food? Yes, thanks! Spanish Venga a comer. ¡Gracías! ¿Gustas comida? Nahuatl Xihualla titlacuaz. Tlazohcamati! Ticnequi tepitzin tlacualli? ¡Si, gracías! Quema, tlazohcamati! No, thanks! ¡No gracias! Ahmo, tlazohcamati! Did you enjoy it? ¿Te gustó? ¿Sabroso? Huelic? It was delicious Muy sabroso. Cencah huelic What is this called? ¿Qué es? Tlein itoca? How do you make ¿Cómo se hace? Quenin in this? tiquechihua? You take some… Un poco de… Tepitzin… and mix it with… mezclado con … xitlaneloa ica… /cook it for… /cocido por… xitlehuaqui… It’s late. I need to Ya es tarde. Necesito Ye tlayohuac. go. Thanks for the ir. Gracías por la Nicpia niah. meal. comida. Tlazohcamati in tlacualli. You are welcome. De nada. Ahmo tleinica. 9 Foods (Tlakualli) English Chicken Beef Pork Fish Shrimp Beans Rice Mushrooms Onions Salad Ice cream Milk Water Soda Tea Tortilla (corn) Cake Candy Sweet bread Corn flour Wheat flour Spanish Pollo Res Puerco Pescado Camaron Frijoles Arroz Hongos Cebolla Ensalada Helado Leche Agua Refresco Te Tortilla de maiz Pastel Dulce Pan dulce Harina de maiz Harina (de trigo) Sugar Salt Oil Chile Chocolate Azúcar Sal Aceite Chile Chocolate Nahuatl Pionacatl Cuacuehnacatl Pitzonacatl Michnacatl Chacalin Yetl Arroz Nanacatl Xonacatl Quilitl Helado Chichihualayotl Atl Refresco Xihuiatlapozonilli Tlaxcalli Pastel Tzopelic Papantzin tzopelic Pinolli Yoltextli caxtillan tlaolli Tlazopeliloni Iztatl Chiahuacayotl Chilli Xocoatl Kitchen items (Tlakualchihualoyan) English Kitchen Refrigerator Stove Table Spanish Cocina Refrigerador Estufa Mesa Nahuatl Tlacualchihualoyan Tepuztlacualcehuiloni Tleamanalli Ahcopechtli 10 Chair Plate Bowl Cup Glass Knife Spoon Fork Baking Pan Pot Skillet spatula Silla Plato Tazón Taza Vaso Cuchillo Cuchara Tenedor Charola Olla Sartén Espátula Icpalli Caxitl /Caxpechtli Caxitl Tlahuanoni Tlahuantli Tezoaloni Xomalli Tenedor Tepuzcomitl Comitl/xoctli Tepuzcomitl Cuauhneloani Spanish Sofá Cama(s) Cómoda Estante Lámpara Nahuatl Furniture English Couch Bed(s) Dresser(s) Shelf/shelves Lamp/light Tlapechtli Tlahuilli 11 Asking Directions Speaker English Guest Excuse me. Where is the bathroom? Host It is…. To the right. To the left The red door. The green door. The yellow door. The blue door. The black door The white door. Up the stairs. Guest In the back. Thanks! Spanish ¿Disculpe, dónde está el baño? Está… A la derecha A la izquierda La puerta roja. La puerta verde. La puerta amarilla. La puerta azul. La puerta negra. La puerta blanca. Sube la escalera. Detrás. ¡Gracias! Nahuatl Mixpantzinco, canin ca in tlapiazoti? ….. ca. Mayecantli Mapochtli In quiahuachichiltic In quiahuaxoxoctic In quiahuakoztic In quiahuamatlaltic In quiahuatliltic In quiahuaiztac Xitlehco in tlamamatlatl. Tlaicampa. Tlazohcamati! 12 The Market/In Tlanquiztli Beginning a Conversation Speaker 1 2 1 2 English Good day! Good day! How are you? Very good, thanks! And you? Spanish Buenos días. Buenos días. ¿Como está(s)? Muy bien, gracias. ¿Y tu (usted)? 1 I am good also, thanks! Estoy bien también, gracias. Nahuatl Cualli tonalli. Cualli tonalli. Quenin tica? Cualli Cualli, tlazohcamati. Ihuan tehua’(tzin)? Cualli noihqui, tlazohcamati. English How much is…? (number) peso(s) I want (number). OK! Spanish ¿Cuentos cuesta…? ( ) peso(s) Quiero (number). ¡Gracías! Nahuatl Quexquich…? ( ) peso(s) Ni nequi Tlazohcamati! Nahuatl Quexquich…? ( ) peso(s) Miat! (Will generally come back with another price) Tlazohcamati, nitlanequi. Ahmo, tlazohcamati! Buying Speaker Buyer Seller Buyer Seller Alternate dialog Speaker Buyer Seller Buyer Seller English How much is…? (number) peso(s) That’s too much. You can have it for (number) peso(so) Buyer Thanks! I’ll take it. Spanish ¿Cuento cuesta…? ( ) peso(s) ¡Mucho! (Will generally come back with another price) Gracia, yo lo quiero. Buyer No, thanks! ¡No, gracias! Alternate Phrases Speaker Buyer Seller English Do you have any…? Yes!/No! Spanish ¿Tiene(s) un(a)…? Nahuatl Tic pia…? ¡Sí!/¡No! Quema!/Ahmo! 13 Possible Items English Barrettes Blanket Blouse Bracelet Dance costume Dress Earrings Feather Necklace Pants Pottery Ring Sandals Shawl Shirt Shoes Skirt Spanish Nahuatl Pasador para el cabello Manta Blusa Brazalete Traje Vestido Zarcillos Pluma Gargantilla Pantalones Alferería Anillo Huaraches Manta Camisa Zapatos Falda Cuachtli Huipilli Maquiztli Spanish Frutas Naranjo Piña Melon Carne Tamale Taco Cebolla Seta Plàtano Papa Botella de agua Aqua mineral Café Serviletta Nahuatl Xochihcualli Lalanyol Matzahtli Cihuatlatlatquitli Nacazpilcayotl Ihhuitl Cozcatl Catli Pahyo Coton Catli Cuetl Food Items English Fruit Orange Pineapple Melon Meat Tamale Taco Onion Mushroom Banana Potato Bottled water Club soda Coffee Napkin Nacatl Tamalli Xonacatl nanacatl xochncualli Acochcayotl Pahyo 14 For extra practice Keyword Bathroom Bank English Where is a bathroom? Where is a bank? ATM Hospital Spanish Nahuatl ¿Donde está el baño? Canin axixcalli? Where is an ATM? Where is a hospital? Policeman Where is a policeman? Phone Where is a phone? Restaurant Where is a restaurant? Pharmacy Where is a pharmacy? ¿Donde está el banco? Canin tominpialcalli? ¿Donde está le hospital? ¿Donde está un policía? ¿Donde está el telefono? ¿Donde está el restaurante? ¿Donde está la farmacia? Canin cocoxcacalli? Canin tlatecpanalpixqui? Canin hueca tlahtolli? Canin tlacualoyan? Canin pahcalli? Possible responses English It’s (direction) from here. It’s (distance) from here. It’s there. Spanish Queda en el (dirección cordinal). Queda (distancia) de aqui. Por allá (señalando). Nahuatl (direction) Ca. (distance) huehca’ ca. Ompa. Directions Compass points N S E W English Spanish Nahuatl North South East West Norte Sur Este Oeste Mictlampa Huitztlampa Tlaneztlampa/Tlauhcampa Cihuatlampa Distance English Many Spanish Mucho Nahuatl Miec 15 One Two Three Four Five Six Seven Eight Nine Ten A few Miles Kilometers Blocks Houses Uno/un Dos Tres Cuatro Cinco Seis Siete Ocho Nueve Diez Uno(a)s poco(a)s Millas Kilometros Cuadras Casas Ce(ntetl) Ome Yei Nahui Macuilli Chichuace Chicome Chicyei Chicnahui Matlactli Tepitzin Caltin 16 Aztec dance terms English Aztec dance Dancer Dance leader Dance elder Chant/song Altar Flowers Drum Two toned log drum Reed flute Seed leggings Metal bells Loin cloth Men’s long shirt Cape Skirt Woman’s cover Blouse Headdress Obsidian edged club Arrow Shield Banner/flag Feather Rattle Incense attendant Incense Incense holder Sandals Ceremony Heaven Headband Spanish Danza azteca Danzante Jefe de danza Capitán de danza Alabanza Altar Flores Tambor Tambor de dos tonos Flauta de Carrizo Cascabeles/huesos de fraile Cascabeles Tapa rabo Vestido Capa Falda Quexqueme Blusa Penacho/diadema Macana Jaras/flechas Escudo Bandera/estandarte Pluma Sonaja/maracas Malinche de copal Incienso Sahumador/sahumerio Sandalias Ceremonia Cielo Paleacate Classical Nahuatl Mitotiliztli Mitotiani Tlayancanqui Yaotachqui Teocuicatl Momoztli Xochimeh Panhuehuetl Teponaztli Tlapitzalli Chachayotl/ayoyotl Coyolli Maxtlatl Xicolli Tilmahtli Cueitl Quexquemitl Huipilli Copilli Macuahuitl Mitl Chimalli Pamitl/pantli Ihuitli/quetzalli Ayacaxtli Tlapopochihuani Copalli Popoxcaxitl Cactli Iluitl Iluicatl Ixkuaimekatl 17 Nahuatl numbers (Base 20 count) Numeral 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Nahuatl Ce Ome Yei Nahui Macuilli Chicuace Chicome Chikuei Chicnahui Mahtlactli Mahtlactli huan ce/mahtlactli once Mahtlactli huan ome/mahtlactli omome Mahtlactli huan yei/mahtlactli omei Mahtlactli huan nahui/mahtlactli onnihui Caxtolli Caxtolli huan ce/caxtolli once Caxtolli huan ome/ caxtolli omome Caxtolli huan yei /caxtolli omei Caxtolli haun nahui / caxtolli onnahui Cempohualli Cempohualli huan ce/cempohualli once Cempohualli huan ome /cempohualli omome Cempohualli huan yei /cempohualli omei Cempohualli huan nahui/cempohualli onnahui Cempohualli huan macuilli /cempohualli ommacuilli Cempohualli huan chicuace /cempohualli onchicuace Cempohualli huan chicome /cempohualli onchicome Cempohualli huan chicuei /cempohualli onchicuei Cempohualli huan chicanahui/cempohualli onchicunahui Cempohualli huan mahtlactli /cempohualli ommahtlactili Ompohualli Ompohualli huan mahtlactli /ompohualli ommahtlactili Epohualli Epohualli huan mahtlactli / epohualli ommahtlactli Nauhpohualli Nauhpohualli huan mahtlactli /nauhpohualli ommahtlactli 18 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 2000 Macuilpohualli Mahtlacpohualli Caxtolpohualli Centzontli Centzontli huan macuilpohualli/centzontli ommacuilpohualli Centzontli huan mahtlacpohualli/centzontli ommahtlacpohualli Centzontli huan caxtolpohualli /centzontli oncaxtolpohualli Ometzontli /ontzontli Ometzontli huan macuilpohualli/ontzontli ommacuilpohualli Ometzontli huan mahtlacpohualli /ontzontli ommacuilpohualli Macuiltzontli 19 Now that you have completed these materials help us create the next edition. Answer these questions. 1. Would you like some grammar included? Yes/no 2. Would you like to learn some songs in Nahuatl? Yes/no 3. 3. Would you be interested in taking Nahuatl classes that included immersion situations? Yes. no 4. Make suggestions for other scenes. 5. Is there anything else that you would like to suggest? Return this page to Luis Garcia or email your answers to <[email protected]> 20