Spanish 3 Semester 2 Unit 4 Lesson 3 Independent

Spanish 3 Semester 2 Unit 4 Lesson 3 Independent

Page 1 of 7
Spanish 3 Semester 2 Unit 4 Lesson 3
Independent Study: Focus on the Language
Study Sheet
Figure It Out!
Arturo compra verduras en el mercado.
Mi mamá limpia la casa.
Yo nunca estudio para mis exámenes.
Yo quiero que Arturo compre frutas también.
Ella quiere que yo limpie la casa en vez de ella.
Mis padres insisten en que yo estudie para los
exámenes.
Study the parallel sentences in the left- and right- hand columns. What is the difference
between the underlined verb forms? Can you identify the principle that causes the change
from one verb form to the other?
Introduction
Did you notice that the left hand column contained a simple statement expressing a fact or
opinion? This is what we call the INDICATIVE MOOD. Did you notice that in the right-hand
column there were two different people or parties involved? The first party was imposing
his desire or will on someone else, or in other words, the first party was telling the second
person or party what he should do. This is what we call the SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.
YO (first party) quiero que ARTURO (second party) compre frutas también.
™ I want Arturo to buy fruit while he’s at the market. I’m imposing my will on him, or
telling him what I want him to do.
The SUBJUNCTIVE looks a lot like the usted commands or imperative form that you just
studied. Notice the similarity.
Command:
Arturo, ¡Compre frutas!
Subjunctive: Quiero que Arturo compre frutas.
Did you notice that the verb is conjugated the same way? Well, that makes it easier then,
doesn’t it!
We use the SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD in Spanish much more frequently than in English. It is
used to express things that are potential, hoped-for, contrary to fact, or in doubt.
When you think “subjunctive,” think SUBJECTIVE. They are subjective or potential because
you don’t know if they will come about. For example, I want Arturo to buy the fruit, but
that doesn’t mean he will. Some of the most common uses of the subjunctive are 1)for
imposing our will or desires on others, 2)in cases of doubt or uncertainty, and with
things that are possible or probable but not for sure, 3)with emotions, and 4)with
other impersonal statements like it’s possible, or it’s good or it’s necessary.
First, let’s compare the indicative versus the subjunctive:
A sentence in the INDICATIVE MOOD needs only one party and states a fact
or an opinion.
Examples:
¾ Mi mamá limpia la casa.
My mom cleans the house; statement of fact.
There is only 1 party – MOM.
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Page 2 of 7
Spanish 3 Semester 2 Unit 4 Lesson 3
Independent Study: Focus on the Language
Study Sheet
¾
¾
Yo quiero comprar una bici nueva. I want to buy a new bike; statement of fact.
I am the only party. I want something, but I’m
not imposing my will on anyone else.
Yo pienso que ella es bonita.
I think she is pretty; stating an opinion.
Again, I am the only party.
A sentence in the SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD, however, requires
2 parties and 2 clauses joined by QUE.
What’s a clause, you ask? A clause is a part of a sentence that has a subject and a verb. In
these examples there are both an “independent” clause (the first part of the sentence,
which can stand on its own) and a “dependent” or “subordinate” clause (the second part of
the sentence which cannot stand alone; it is dependent on the independent clause). The
subordinate clause provides information supplementary to the main idea of the sentence.
¾
Yo quiero (1st party, independent clause) que Arturo compre frutas también(2nd
party, subordinate clause).
¾
Mis padres insisten (1st party, independent clause) en que yo estudie para mis
exámenes (2nd party, subordinate clause).
¾
Tú quieres (1st party, independent clause) que yo vaya a la tienda por ti (2nd party,
subordinate clause).
In each of the above examples, the 1st party is imposing his will or desire on the 2nd party.
That imposed will—telling someone else what you want them to do—causes the 2nd verb to
“go subjunctive.”
How to Form Present Subjunctive Verb Forms
The present subjunctive verb forms are fairly simple and easy to conjugate, and there are
very few irregular forms, though verbs that have stem changes and spelling changes in the
present indicative also have them in the present subjunctive. The steps are below.
STEP 1: CONJUGATE THE VERB IN THE YO FORM (1st person singular)
STEP 2: DROP THE “O” AND REPLACE WITH THE NEW ENDINGS
Here are the endings:
PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE ENDINGS,
-AR VERBS
SINGULAR
PLURAL
1st person
-e
-emos
nd
2 person
-es
-éis
3rd person
-e
-en
PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE ENDINGS,
-ER AND –IR VERBS
SINGULAR
PLURAL
1st person
-a
-amos
nd
2 person
-as
-áis
3rd person
-a
-an
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No portion of these materials may be reproduced or redistributed in any form without the express permission of
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Page 3 of 7
Spanish 3 Semester 2 Unit 4 Lesson 3
Independent Study: Focus on the Language
Study Sheet
You probably noticed right away that the endings are basically "backwards" or “opposite”
from those of the "normal,” or indicative, present tense endings. In other words, -ar verbs
take the –er and –ir verb endings, except in the first person singular (yo form). In the same
way, the –er and –ir verbs take the usual present tense endings of the –ar verbs, except in
the yo form.
EXAMPLES:
CAMBIAR
1st person
INDICATIVE
(yo)
cambio
VER
VIVIR
TENER
veo
vivo
tengo
INFINITIVE
DROP -O
cambvevivteng-
SUBJUNCTIVE
FORMS
ADD NEW (opposite) ENDINGS
cambie, cambies, cambie, cambiemos,
cambien
vea, veas, vea, veamos, vean
viva, vivas, viva, vivamos, vivan
tenga, tengas, tenga, tengamos,
tengan
Irregular YO form in Present Indicative
-YO: verbs like construir, destruir, influir
Verbs ending in –uir are not irregular in any way, but you have to remember the first rule in
subjunctive conjugations: STEP 1 – “Go yo!” -- put the verb in the yo form.
Construir and destruir have a y in the yo form and conjugate as follows:
construyo -----> construya (subjunctive)
destruyo ------> destruya (subjunctive)
-JO: verbs like recoger, corregir, escoger, proteger
Verbs ending in –ger/-gir are not irregular either, but you must remember to “Go yo” or the
subjunctive spelling will be wrong.
Recoger and corregir change to a j in the yo form and conjugate as follows:
recojo -------> recoja (subjunctive)
corrijo -------> corrija (subjunctive)
-GO: verbs like tener, venir, poner, salir, traer, caer, hacer, decir
Verbs like tener and venir change to –go in the yo form.
tengo --------> tenga (subjunctive)
vengo -------> venga (subjunctive)
-ZCO: verbs like conducir, producir, lucir, traducir, reducir, conocer
Verbs ending in –cir change to –zco in the yo form.
conduzco -------> conduzca (subjunctive)
produzco -------> produzca (subjunctive)
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Page 4 of 7
Spanish 3 Semester 2 Unit 4 Lesson 3
Independent Study: Focus on the Language
Study Sheet
LET’S PRACTICE
Conjugate the infinitive verb in the subjunctive yo form. What are the first two steps?
1) “GO YO!” (conjugate in the yo form) 2) drop the –o and add the new, opposite endings.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
trabajar
concentrarse
vivir
escribir
aprender
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
tener
influir
recoger
poner
conocer
Did you remember the spelling changes in yo form?! Scroll down and check your answers.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
trabaje
me concentre
viva
escriba
aprenda
tenga
influya
recoja
ponga
conozca
If you missed any in 6-10, you probably forgot to “go YO.”
Stems
For all –ar and –er stem-changing verbs like poder, pensar, and resolver, the vowel
changes occur in the same place that they do in the present indicative verbs. (We’ll
get to –ir stem-changers later.)
For example, in the verb poder, the o changes to ue for all of the person-number
combinations except for nosotros and vosotros. This applies to both the indicative
and subjunctive verbs. Carefully study the present indicative and present
subjunctive conjugations of poder side-by-side below.
PRESENT INDICATIVE OF PODER
SINGULAR
PLURAL
1st person
puedo
podemos
2nd person
puedes
podéis
3rd person
puede
pueden
PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE OF PODER
SINGULAR
PLURAL
1st person
pueda
podamos
2nd person
puedas
podáis
3rd person
pueda
puedan
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No portion of these materials may be reproduced or redistributed in any form without the express permission of
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Page 5 of 7
Spanish 3 Semester 2 Unit 4 Lesson 3
Independent Study: Focus on the Language
Study Sheet
This same principle applies to all –ar and –er verbs whose stem changes from
–o to –ue and from –e to –ie.
PRESENT INDICATIVE OF PENSAR
SINGULAR
PLURAL
1st person
piense
pensemos
2nd person
pienses
penséis
3rd person
piense
piensen
PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE OF RESOLVER
SINGULAR
PLURAL
1st person
resuelva
resolvamos
2nd person resuelvas
resolváis
3rd person
resuelva
resuelvan
Irregular Verbs in the Present Subjunctive
The following six verbs are completely irregular in the present subjunctive. You
simply have to memorize these! All six forms of each verb are shown:
PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE OF DAR
SINGULAR
PLURAL
1st person
dé
demos
2nd person
des
déis
3rd person
dé
den
PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE OF ESTAR
SINGULAR
PLURAL
1st person
esté
estemos
2nd person
estés
estéis
3rd person
esté
estén
PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE OF HABER
SINGULAR
PLURAL
1st person
haya
hayamos
2nd person
hayas
hayáis
3rd person
haya
hayan
PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE OF IR
SINGULAR
PLURAL
1st person
vaya
vayamos
2nd person
vayas
vayáis
3rd person
vaya
vayan
PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE OF SABER
SINGULAR
PLURAL
1st person
sepa
sepamos
2nd person
sepas
sepáis
rd
3 person
sepa
sepan
PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE OF SER
SINGULAR
PLURAL
1st person
sea
seamos
2nd person
seas
seáis
rd
3 person
sea
sean
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Page 6 of 7
Spanish 3 Semester 2 Unit 4 Lesson 3
Independent Study: Focus on the Language
Study Sheet
Practice Exercises:
A. Conjugation Practice: Present Subjunctive.
Change each infinitive (unconjugated verb) below into the (a) yo form (first person present
indicative) (b) él subjunctive form (third person singular) and (c) ellos subjunctive (third
person plural). Refer to the example as a guide.
Example:
traer
INFINITIVE
1. ver
2. desear
3. robar
4. caer
5. romper
6. molestar
7. conducir
8. tener
9. venir
10. vender
11. hacer
12. poner
13. influir
14. destruir
(a) traigo
Yo form indicative
(a)__________
(a)__________
(a)__________
(a)__________
(a)__________
(a)__________
(a)__________
(a)__________
(a)__________
(a)__________
(a)__________
(a)__________
(a)__________
(a)__________
(b) traiga
Subjunctive – HE
(b)__________
(b)__________
(b)__________
(b)__________
(b)__________
(b)__________
(b)__________
(b)__________
(b)__________
(b)__________
(b)__________
(b)__________
(b)__________
(b)__________
Now for some stem-changing –ar/-er verb practice:
(b)__________
15. recomendar (a)__________
(a)__________
(b)__________
16. pensar
(a)__________
(b)__________
17. perder
(a)__________
(b)__________
18. mostrar
(a)__________
(b)__________
19. entender
(a)__________
(b)__________
20. cerrar
(c) traigan
Subjunctive - THEY
(c)__________
(c)__________
(c)__________
(c)__________
(c)__________
(c)__________
(c)__________
(c)__________
(c)__________
(c)__________
(c)__________
(c)__________
(c)__________
(c)__________
(c)__________
(c)__________
(c)__________
(c)__________
(c)__________
(c)__________
B. Indicative versus Subjunctive: For each of the following sentences, decide which is
in the indicative and which is in the subjunctive mood.
Example:
Answer:
Quiero que todos se diviertan.
SUBJUNCTIVE, I am imposing my desire on everyone else to have fun
Example:
Answer:
Quiero divertirme.
INDICATIVE, I am the only party. I want to have fun is simply a statement of
fact or opinion.
1. Esperamos que todo salga bien.
2. Yo necesito que tú me traigas los papeles ahora.
3. Yo necesito visitar a mis abuelos.
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No portion of these materials may be reproduced or redistributed in any form without the express permission of
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Page 7 of 7
Spanish 3 Semester 2 Unit 4 Lesson 3
Independent Study: Focus on the Language
Study Sheet
4. Yo deseo una buena nota en mi clase de algebra.
5. Sugiero que mi profesora no me dé tanta tarea.
6. Es necesario que tú vayas conmigo o yo no podré ir.
7. Es necesario ir a la escuela cinco días de la semana.
8. Le pido a mi amiga que venga a mi casa para conocer a mi mamá.
9. Quiero que Pablo tome sus vitaminas diariamente.
10. Tengo que volver a casa temprano.
C. Irregular Subjunctive Practice: Practice conjugating the 6 irregular verbs – DAR,
ESTAR, IR, SABER, SER, and HABER. Change the underlined verb in the indicative
(statement of fact) stentence to the correct subjunctive conjugation in the second
sentence.
Modelo:
INDICATIVE
SUBJUNCTIVE
A. Yo le doy las gracias.
B. Mi mamá quiere que yo le ___dé____ las gracias.
1.
A. Yo estoy de mal humor.
B. Mi mamá quiere que yo ________________ de buen humor.
2.
A. Yo no sé las respuestas.
B. Mi profesora desea que yo _______________ las respuestas.
3.
A. Yo soy dormilón (late-sleeper).
B. Mi doctor recomienda que yo no ______________ dormilón.
4.
A. Tú no eres una persona muy paciente.
B. Yo recomiendo que tú ______________ más paciente con otros.
5.
A. Ustedes van de vacaciones en agosto.
B. Yo sugiero que Uds. ________________ en junio cuando hace menos calor.
6.
A. Hay muchos turistas en la playa.
B. No quiero que ______________ tantos turistas.
7.
A. Mis papás sólo me dan quince dólares.
B. Yo prefiero que me _______________ cincuenta dólares.
8.
A. Mi colega sabe usar el nuevo programa de computación.
B. Mi jefe urge que yo _______________ usarlo también.
9.
A. Mi vecino siempre va a la piscina a las 4:00 de la tarde.
B. Yo le digo que ________________ más temprano para que yo vaya con él.
10.
A. Los hijos nunca saben resolver sus diferencias de opinión sin pelearse.
B. Sus papás insisten en que ________________ resolverlas sin peleas.
© 2002 Power-Glide. All rights reserved. This material is intended for the exclusive use of registered users only.
No portion of these materials may be reproduced or redistributed in any form without the express permission of
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