Basic Spanish Second edition

Transcripción

Licensed to: iChapters User
Basic Spanish, Second Edition
Ana C. Jarvis, Raquel Lebredo,
and Francisco Mena-Ayllón
Publisher: Beth Kramer
Acquisitions Editor: Lara
Semones
Managing Development Editor:
Harold Swearingen
© 2011, 2006 Heinle, Cengage Learning
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LECCIÓN
PRELIMINAR
© Andres Rodriguez / Fotolia
I
OBJECTIVES
Structures
1
2
3
4
5
6
Greetings and farewells
Cardinal numbers 0–39
The alphabet
Days of the week
Months of the year
Colors
Communication
You will learn to greet people and exchange some polite questions
and answers, exchange telephone numbers, talk about days and
dates, and describe colors.
2
Search
Countries highlighted: The Spanish-speaking World
~
Espana
Estados
Unidos
Cuba República
Dominicana
México
Guatemala
Puerto Ríco
El Salvador
Honduras
Nicaragua
Venezuela
Costa Rica
Panamá
Guinea
Colombia
Ecuatorial
Ecuador
OCÉANO
Perú
ATLÁNTICO
Bolivia
Paraguay
OCÉANO
PACÍFICO
Uruguay
Argentina
© Cengage Learning
Chile
There are twenty Spanish-speaking countries in the Americas, one in Europe (España)
and one in Africa (Guinea Ecuatorial). There are 425 million people in the world
whose first language is Spanish.
Spanish is one of the official languages of the United Nations.
RESOURCES
Wherever you see the following icons additional resources are available:
For additional practice on the topic, go to www.cengage.com/login and
access The Basic Spanish Series Resource Center.
Go to the website www.cengage.com/spanish/basicspanish to access the
In-Text Audio MP3s.
3
4
BASIC SPANISH
En los países de habla hispana
(In Spanish-speaking countries)
Look at the maps in the front and back of the book and complete the
following:
La capital de España es (is)_____________.
2. España y _____________ forman la Península Ibérica.
3. El Estrecho de _____________ separa España de África.
4. Las Islas Baleares están (are) en el Mar _____________.
5. Al sur (south) de México está (is) _____________.
6. El país más pequeño (smallest country) de Centroamérica es
_____________.
7. La capital de Honduras es _____________ y la capital de
_____________ es Managua.
8. Haití y _____________ comparten (share) una isla.
9. _____________ conecta Centroamérica y la América del Sur.
10. La capital de Colombia es _____________ y la capital de Ecuador
es _____________. Caracas es la capital de _____________.
11. La Cordillera de los _____________ separa Argentina de
_____________.
12. Montevideo es la capital de _____________.
13. Al norte (north) de Paraguay está _____________.
14. Chile y _____________ no limitan con (don’t border) Brasil.
15. Las ruinas incas de Machu Picchu están en _____________.
16. El Lago Titicaca está en _____________.
17. Santiago es la capital de _____________.
18. Buenos Aires es la capital de _____________.
1.
Did you know that . . . ?
Each student will select a Spanish-speaking country and will find one
or two interesting facts having to do with that country. It may be the
geography, the history, the music, the food, the arts, or the literature.
Students will share the information with the rest of the class.
LECCIÓN
1
PRELIMINAR
I GREETINGS
AND FAREWELLS
5
Greetings and farewells
Saludos y despedidas
—Buenos días, doctor Rivas.
¿Cómo está usted?
—Muy bien, gracias, Sra. Vega.
¿Y usted?
—Bien, gracias. Hasta luego.
—Adiós, señora.
“Good morning, Doctor Rivas.
How are you?”
“Very well, thank you, Mrs. Vega.
And you?”
“Fine, thank you. See you later.”
“Good-bye, madam.”
—Buenas tardes, señorita.
—No muy bien, doctora.
—¡Lo siento! Tome asiento,
por favor.
—Gracias.
“Good afternoon, miss.
How are you?”
“Not very well, doctor.”
“I’m sorry. Have a seat, please.”
“Thank you.”
—Pase, señor Soto. ¿Cómo le va?
—Muy bien, profesora.
—Señor Soto, el1 señor Reyes.
—Mucho gusto, señor Reyes.
—El gusto es mío, señor Soto.
“Come in, Mr. Soto. How is it going for you?”
“Very well, professor.”
“Mr. Soto, Mr. Reyes.”
“Pleased to meet you, Mr. Reyes.”
“The pleasure is mine, Mr. Soto.”
—Hola, Fernando. ¿Qué tal?
—Bien, gracias. ¿Y tú?
—Muy bien. ¿Qué hay de nuevo?
—No mucho...
“Hi, Fernando. How is it going?”
“Fine, thank you. And you?”
“Just fine. What’s new?”
When being
“Not much . . .”
introduced to a
—Buenas noches, señora.
—Buenas noches, señorita.
—¿Cómo se llama usted?
—Me llamo María Inés
Díaz Peña.
“Good evening, madam.”
“Good evening, miss.”
“What is your name?”
“My name is María Inés
Díaz Peña.”
—Muchas gracias, señor.
—De nada, señora.
“Thank you very much, sir.”
“You’re welcome, madam.”
woman or to another
man, a man might
say “A sus órdenes.”
(At your service.).
In Spanish-speaking
countries, many
people use their
father’s last name
(in this case Díaz) and
the mother’s maiden
name (in this case
Peña) as in María
Inés Díaz Peña.
1When
speaking about or introducing a third person and a title is used with the name,
the definite article is included.
6
BASIC SPANISH
Audio
VOCABULARIO
Saludos y despedidas (Greetings and farewells)
Good morning. (Good day.)
Good afternoon.
Good evening. (Good night.)
Hi. (Hello.)
I’ll see you later. (lit., until later)
I’ll see you tomorrow.
Good-bye.
Buenos días.
Buenas tardes.
Buenas noches.
Hola.
Hasta luego.
Hasta mañana.
Adiós.
Títulos (Titles)
doctor (Dr.)1
doctora (Dra.)
profesor
profesora
señor (Sr.)
señora (Sra.)
señorita (Srta.)
doctor (masc.)
doctor (fem.)
professor, teacher, instructor (masc.)
professor, teacher, instructor (fem.)
Mr., sir, gentleman
Mrs., madam, lady
Miss, young lady (unmarried)
Expresiones útiles (Useful expressions)
Muy bien, ¿y usted?
¿Cómo le va?
¿Cómo se llama usted?
Me llamo...
¿Qué hay de nuevo?
No mucho.
¿Qué tal?
Bien, ¿y tú?
No muy bien.
Lo siento.
Mucho gusto.
El gusto es mío.
Pase.
Por favor.
Tome asiento.
Gracias.
Muchas gracias.
De nada.
1Notice
How are you?
Very well, and you?
How is it going for you?
What is your name?
My name is . . .
What’s new?
Not much.
How is it going?
Fine (Well), and you?
Not very well.
I’m sorry.
It’s a pleasure (to meet you).
The pleasure is mine.
Come in.
Please.
Have a seat.
Thank you.
Thank you very much.
You’re welcome.
Other titles are used:
arquitecto, ingeniero,
etc. Lawyers and
members of some
professions who hold
the equivalent of a
Ph.D. are addressed
as doctor or
doctora.
Use the tú form
when addressing a
friend, a relative, or
a very young person.
If in doubt, use the
usted form. Very
young people call
each other tú even if
they have just met.
that in Spanish, titles are not capitalized except when they are abbreviated.
LECCIÓN
Quiz
PRELIMINAR
I CARDINAL
NUMBERS
0–39
7
VAMOS A PRACTICAR
Familiarize yourself with each of the dialogues on page 5, and then act them out
with another student.
A
B
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Grammar
What would you say in the following situations?
You meet your professor in the morning and ask him/her how he/she is.
You meet Miss Rojas in the afternoon and ask her how it’s going for her.
You greet a good friend and ask him/her how it’s going. You also ask what’s new.
Someone tells you he/she is not feeling very well. You say you’re sorry and offer a seat.
Somebody is introduced to you.
You thank Mr. Macías for a favor and tell him you’ll see him later.
You greet Miss Burgos in the evening and ask her to come in.
Someone asks how you are. You are just fine. You ask him/her how he/she is.
Somebody says “Mucho gusto” to you.
Somebody thanks you for a favor.
Someone asks you what’s new. You don’t have much to report.
Someone asks you how you are. You are not feeling very well.
You are helping a Spanish-speaking person to fill out an application. You ask what
his/her name is.
You tell someone your name.
2
Cardinal numbers 0–39
Los números cardinales 0–39
0 cero
1 uno1
2 dos
3 tres
4 cuatro
5 cinco
6 seis
7 siete
8 ocho
9 nueve
10 diez
11 once
12 doce
13 trece
14 catorce
15 quince
16 dieciséis2
17 diecisiete
18 dieciocho
19 diecinueve
20 veinte
21 veintiuno1,2
22 veintidós
23 veintitrés
24 veinticuatro
25 veinticinco
26 veintiséis
27 veintisiete
28 veintiocho
29 veintinueve
30 treinta
31 treinta y uno
32 treinta y dos
33 treinta y tres
34 treinta y cuatro
35 treinta y cinco
36 treinta y seis
37 treinta y siete
38 treinta y ocho
39 treinta y nueve
1Uno
changes to un before a masculine singular noun: un libro (one book). Uno changes to una before a
feminine singular noun: una silla (one chair). All other numbers ending in -uno or -una follow the same
pattern: veintiún libros (twenty-one books), veintiuna sillas (twenty-one chairs).
2The numbers 16 to 29 may also be written as separate words: diez y seis, veinte y uno, and so on. The
most common spelling, however, is the single-word form used in this text.
8
BASIC SPANISH
Quiz
VAMOS A PRACTICAR
A
Read the following numbers aloud in Spanish.
0
15
28
10
37
14
9
16
13
31
11
8
25
21
4
19
20
12
7
29
30
33
17
22
B Read the following telephone numbers in Spanish. Say each digit one
by one.
383-5079
985-0746
254-2675
765-1032
792-5136
985-7340
689-0275
872-0695
C Find out the telephone number of three classmates. Ask: ¿Cuál es tu
número de teléfono? (What is your telephone number? )
The alphabet
3
El alfabeto
Letter
Name
Letter
Name
Letter
Name
Letter
Name
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
a
be
ce
de
e
efe
ge
h
i
j
k
l
m
n
hache
i
jota
ka
ele
eme
ene
ñ
o
p
q
r
rr
s
eñe
o
pe
cu
ere
erre
ese
t
u
v
w
x
y
z
te
u
ve
doble ve
equis
i griega
zeta
Quiz
VAMOS A PRACTICAR
A
Read the following in Spanish.
FBI
MIT
IBM
NFL
NBA
NHL
A Spanish-speaking person may not know how to spell your name.
He or she may ask: ¿Cómo se escribe?1 (How do you spell it?) Learn how
to spell your name in Spanish and ask other members of the class how to
spell theirs.
B
1Also:
¿Cómo se deletrea?
LECCIÓN
4
PRELIMINAR
I DAYS
9
OF THE WEEK
Days of the week
Los días de la semana
Septiembre
Lunes
Martes
Miércoles
Jueves
Viernes
Sábado
Domingo
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
—¿Qué día es hoy?
—Hoy es lunes.
“What day is it today?”
“Today is Monday.”
—Hoy es martes, ¿no?
—No, hoy es miércoles.
“Today is Tuesday, isn’t it?”
“No, today is Wednesday.”
—¿Qué día es hoy?
¿Jueves?
—No, hoy es viernes.
“What day is it today?
Thursday?”
“No, today is Friday.”
—Hoy es... sábado...
¡no! domingo...
—Sí, hoy es domingo.
“Today is . . . Saturday
. . . no! Sunday . . .”
“Yes, today is Sunday.”
In calendars in
Spanish-speaking
countries, the week
starts on Monday.
ATENCIÓN: The days of the week are not capitalized in Spanish. El and
los are frequently used with the days of the week to express on: el lunes
(on Monday), los sábados (on Saturdays), etc.
10
BASIC SPANISH
Quiz
VAMOS A PRACTICAR
Use the September calendar to say what day of the week it is according
to the date given.
M ODELO
Hoy es 13 de septiembre.
Hoy es lunes.
In Spanish-speaking
countries, the
equivalent of “a
week from today” is
“de hoy en ocho,”
because today is
counted as the
first day.
5
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Months of the year
Los meses del año
enero
febrero
marzo
abril
mayo
junio
January
February
March
April
May
June
julio
agosto
septiembre
octubre
noviembre
diciembre
July
August
September
October
November
December
ATENCIÓN: The names of the months are not capitalized in Spanish.
■
To talk about the date, use the following expressions.
—¿Qué fecha es hoy?
—Hoy es quince de enero.
“What’s the date today?”
“Today is January fifteenth.”
—¿Hoy es primero de mayo?
—No, hoy es dos de mayo.
“Is today May first?”
“No, today is May second.”
ATENCIÓN: Spanish uses cardinal numbers to refer to dates. The only
exception is primero ( first).
■
When telling the date, always begin with the expression Hoy es ...
Hoy es veinte de mayo.
Today is May twentieth.
LECCIÓN
PRELIMINAR
11
Complete the expression by saying the number followed by the
preposition de (of ), and then the month.
■
May 5th
October 12th
el 5 de mayo
el 12 de octubre
ATENCIÓN: In Spanish, the article is used when giving the
date: Es el trece de septiembre. The article is omitted if the
day is mentioned: Hoy es lunes, trece de septiembre.
Quiz
I COLORS
Since the day
precedes the month,
September 3rd, 2010
would be expressed
thus: 3-9-10.
VAMOS A PRACTICAR
Say on what date the following events fall:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6
the first day of the year
Valentine’s Day
Independence Day
Christmas
the first day of spring
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
April Fool’s Day
Halloween
the first day of fall
the first day of winter
your birthday
Colors
Los colores
amarillo
anaranjado
azul
blanco
gris
marrón (café)
1When
yellow
orange
blue
white
gray
brown
morado
negro
rojo
rosado
verde
purple
black
red
pink
green
“Verde” can have
the connotation of
“dirty”: un chiste
verde: a dirty joke.
addressing someone as usted, use ¿Le gusta...?
12
BASIC SPANISH
Quiz
VAMOS A PRACTICAR
To ask a classmate whether he or she likes something, you say:
¿Te gusta1...? To say that you like something say: Me gusta...
Conduct a survey of your classmates to find out which color is the most
popular in class, following the model.
M ODELO
—¿Qué color te gusta?
—Me gusta el color rojo.
En estas situaciones With a partner, act out the following situations
in Spanish.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
You are not sure about today’s date. You also don’t know what day
today is. You ask someone.
You don’t know how to spell a word. You ask someone.
You mention the days of the week when you have classes at the
university.
Someone asks you when is your best friend’s birthday.
Someone asks when you can meet to study. You reply: “A week
from today.”
A little child from Mexico wants to know what colors you can see
when you look at the rainbow. You list all the colors.
Para escuchar y entender
The following material is to be used with the In-Text Audio MP3s.
I. PRÁCTICA
Saludos y despedidas
You find yourself in the following situations. What would you say? Repeat
the correct answer after the speaker’s confirmation. Listen to the model.
A
M ODELO
You meet Mr. Vega in the morning.
Buenos días, señor Vega.
LECCIÓN
PRELIMINAR
I PA RA
ESCUCHAR Y ENTENDER
13
B Números
Answer each of the addition problems you hear in Spanish. Repeat the
correct answer after the speaker’s confirmation. Listen to the model.
M ODELO
tres y dos
cinco
C El alfabeto
Say each of the acronyms you hear in Spanish. Repeat the correct answer
after the speaker’s confirmation. Listen to the model.
M ODELO
USA
u-ese-a
Los días de la semana
The speaker will tell you what day of the week today is. Respond by
saying what day tomorrow will be. Repeat the correct answer after the
speaker’s confirmation. Listen to the model.
D
M ODELO
Hoy es lunes.
Mañana es martes.
E Los meses del año
The speaker will name several holidays. Name the date on which each
holiday falls. Repeat the correct answer after the speaker’s confirmation.
Listen to the model.
M ODELO
Flag Day
el catorce de junio
Los colores
The speaker will name several familiar objects. State the color or colors
of each object in Spanish. Repeat the correct answer after the speaker’s
confirmation. Listen to the model.
F
M ODELO
a violet
morado

Basic Spanish Second edition

Transcripción

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