Fork-Lift Truck Drivers Fork

Transcripción

Guide to Health and Safety for
Fork-Lift
Truck Drivers
FREMAP
SAFETY GUIDE FOR FORK-LIFT TRUCK DRIVERS
CONTENTS
para el conductor
1.Riesgos
The machine:
fork-lift
trucks ............................................. 4
4. Main Risks and
preventive measures .... 21
Physical characteristics ................. 4
Main Risks for the driver .............. 21
Functional characteristics ............ 5
Main Risks for pedestrians ......... 24
Stability of the truck and load ... 6
Main Risks in loading fuel ........ 26
2. Working with fork-lift
trucks ...................................... 10
Main Risks in charging
batteries ......................................... 27
Limitations using the trucks ...... 10
Main Risks in replacing
the LPG gas cylinder ................... 29
Responsibilities ............................. 10
Storage of materials .................... 11
Loading and unloading
operations ..................................... 12
Transporting loads ...................... 14
Stopping the trucks .................... 16
Using service lifts ......................... 16
Crossing of cables over
the work area ............................... 17
5. Dangerous manoeuvres
and habits ......................... 30
Dangerous manoeuvres ............. 30
Dangerous habits ......................... 30
How to proceed in the
event of an Accident .............. 31
In all accident ............................ 31
Crossing railway lines
and ridges ..................................... 17
In the event the machine
topples sideways ...................... 31
Tidiness and cleanliness ........... 17
In the event the machine
topples frontways ...................... 32
Traffic regulations ........................ 18
3. Equipments
maintenance ........................ 18
Daily checklist .............................. 18
Workers’ Obligations
regarding occupational
Risk Prevention ....................... 32
Regular maintenance
inspections ..................................... 20
Maintenance of the
safety portico ............................... 21
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1. THE MACHINE: FORK-LIFT TRUCKS
Mast
Physical characteristics
Driver’s seat
Structure
• Front part: a mast with forks (flat, parallel forks,
usually with a pre-established length).
Counterweight
• Central part: driver’s seat.
• Rear part: counterweight.
Wheels
Forks
The steering
❶
drive
wheel
transmissions
4 wheels
3 wheels
❷
transmissions
4 wheels
drive
wheel
3 wheels
❸
drive
wheel
3 wheels
1. Just one steering driver.
2. One steering drive for each wheel.
3. Drive and steering in rear wheel (smaller turning radius).
Mast
The mast is formed by one or more frames each with two parallel bars. The fork-holder slides between
both bars.
The masts may be:
• single, for stacking loads that do not exceed 2 metres in height.
• telescopic, for stacking at great heights.
The mast can be moved from top to bottom, forwards (to 3º) or backwards (to 12º).
Forks
The forks are resistant elements that are inserted underneath the load so it can be moved.
They may be fixed or mobile, and manoeuvred from the driver’s seat.
The part of the forks that joins the fork-holder is called the heel. The heel supports the loads.
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Counterweight
The counterweight is a steel block placed at the rear of the truck.
It ensures the back wheels are always in contact with the ground. In that way, it is more difficult
for the truck to topple over
Driver’s seat
It has the following:
• the panel and indicators;
• the steering wheel and controls;
• the starting key;
• the seat;
• safety elements such as a safety belt.
Wheels
The wheels may be:
• pneumatic and inflated with air for uneven terrain;
• solid, for smooth, clean surfaces. These wheels may be:
– solid elastic wheels.
– solid super-elastic wheels.
Types of engine
Fork-lift trucks may have two different kinds of engines:
• thermal or explosion engines (running on petrol, diesel or LGP) or
• electric engines (only for trucks up to 10,000 kg, and with less autonomy that thermal engines).
Functional characteristics
Before you are starting work the driver must be acquainted with the manufacturer's guidelines, in
order to know:
• how to use the controls;
• which safety measures to adopt;
• what the indicators and pilot lamps indicate;
• what the maximum load is;
• where to drive the truck, depending on its size and weight;
• if it is an electric truck, for how long it can operate without the batteries having to be charged.
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Stability of the truck and loads
Stability triangle
Toppling backwards is a more common occurrence
in a fork-lift truck than in an automobile. This is
because the steering axle (rear axle) of the truck is
joined to the chassis by the central part only, forming
an imaginary triangle with the front wheels: the
stability triangle. Consequently the truck behaves
as if it had two front wheels and just one rear wheel.
The centre of gravity
The centre of gravity is a point that acts as if the whole weight of the load were on it.
However:
• in objects formed by different materials, the centre of gravity may be in quite a different place
(far from the geometric centre);
• when transporting liquids, the centre of gravity will vary depending on the movement; this is
what is known as the «wave effect».
Losing stability
The fork-lift truck will become unstable if the load is extremely long or very heavy.
YES
NO!
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NO!
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Factors which affectie stability
1 Position of the load: it is important to adjust the load to the fork heel, so that the distance
from the latter to the centre of gravity of the load is as small as possible.
NO!
YES
2 Position of the mast: when you are driving the truck, both when loaded and when empty,
the mast must always be folded and leaning backwards.
YES
NO!
3 Height of the load: the right height of the forks from the ground is from 15 to 20 cm. In
that way, it is more difficult for the truck to topple over.
15 - 20 cm
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4 Overloading: if the load weighs too much, the truck may topple over. When you are transporting
heavy loads, it is best to divide the load up into different groups and move each one separately.
5 Gradient: the risk of the truck toppling over is greater if the ground is sloping. The maximum
gradient must not exceed 10%.
NO!
YES
Maximum gradient: 10%
6 Floor surface characteristics: it is safer to work on smooth, flat, clean surfaces that are
resistant to weight and the acceleration and braking manoeuvres of the truck.
7 Position of the forks on a ramp: to avoid toppling over, the load must always face the top
part of the ramp, both when you are ascending and descending.
8 Sharp changes in speed: braking sharply, accelerating and reducing speed will increase the
risk of the truck toppling over.
9 Changes in direction: sharp turns of the truck may cause it to topple over.
10 Moving the truck on a ramp: the truck may topple over when you are driving across a
ramp or turning, and should only descend forwards if the load is stable and the backwards
angle of the mast is greater than the ramp gradient.
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Stability of the load
AUTOMATIC FORK-LIFT TRUCK
SIMBOLS
(based on the guidelines)
The most usual forms of transport are:
NOMINAL
CAPACITY
• transporting with supported loads (supported by the forks);
• transporting loads on pallets (placed on pallets and anchored
to them).
kg at
ELEVATION HEIGHT
mm
m
MAXIMUM USE CAPACITIES
1 - Up to the elevation height
m
2 - For a maximum height of
m
VERTICAL MAST
kg
1
G
For the load-truck system to remain stable, the load diagram on
the fork-lift truck plate must be borne in mind.
kg
2
D
Pm
Distance D : mm
Mast leaning
forwards
kg
1
kg
2
Pm
TOTAL WEIGHT WHEN EMPTY
Minimum weight of the battery (electric)
Loads on pallets are more stable, but the stability of the load depends on:
• the pallet design, which must be appropriate for the load to be placed on it;
• the pallet size, which should never be less than the load;
• the pallet resistance: the maximum load must never exceed 700 kg (illustrations 1a and 1b);
• the pallet integrity;
• the correct anchoring and placing on the pallet (illustrations 2a and 2b);
• the height of the stack: as low as possible, and never interfering with the vision of the driver;
• the height of the load on the pallet, which must never exceed 1.5 m;
• the position of the load on the forks: the pallet must be centred, close to the heel and anchored
at resistant points.
NO!
1b
1a
NO!
2a
YES
YES
2b
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2. WORKING WITH FORK-LIFT TRUCKS
Limitations using the trucks
General precautions
• The height and width of the workplace must be in proportion to the size of the truck.
• The truck should be resistant to any uneven levels in the surface where it is operating.
• The weight of the transported load should never exceed the maximum weight recommended
by the truck manufacturer.
Precautions when using thermal fork-lift trucks
• Trucks with thermal engines are not appropriate for working in potentially explosive areas.
E.g., near warehouses stocked with fuel, paint, varnish... There are electrical truck that are
specially designed for working in these places.
• Trucks with thermal engines should not be used in small areas or spaces with poor ventilation,
since the exhaust fumes could lead to intoxication.
Responsabilities
Drivers will prevent accidents and injury or damage arising in their job:
• Material damages:
– To the truck.
– To the premises.
– To the load.
• Injury to persons:
– To the driver himself.
– To pedestians.
To ensure that the drivers carry out their jobs in a responsible manner, they should be familiar
with:
• The equipment.
• The workplace and place in which they are working.
– The loads they have to move (weight, size, characteristics).
– The type of pallets they should use.
– The type of stacking they should make.
– The widths of passages and narrow areas that they may encounter while you are working.
– The door clearances.
– The clearances of the liquids or power lines.
– The state of the floor surfaces.
– The state of cleanliness of the work surface.
– The existence of different levels and obstacles.
• The risks and prevention measures.
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As part of his work, the supervisor is obliged to:
• ensure the drivers adopt safe habits in carrying out their works;
• know the guidelines indicated for drivers;
• order and plan the work taking into account the safety aspects to be observed when they are
working with fork-lift trucks;
• keep the truck area clean and tidy;
• observe the drivers, correct their mistakes and offer them advice.
Storage of materials
Unpackaged materials
• Store all rigid long materials (sections, bars, pipes, etc.) properly stacked and held in place with
supports.
• If the sections are put in place horizontally, place them far from passageways and protect the ends.
• Place sacks on the cross layers, with the sack mouth facing towards the centre of the pile, forming
a step for every 1.5 m in height.
• Store small parts in containers or baskets.
• Stack pipes or round materials in layers, separated by intermediate supports and anchoring elements.
• Put cylindrical containers on pallets for storage purposes.
Shelves
• Enlarge the support surface with intermediate bars.
• Drive carefully to avoid bumping into shelves.
• Start raising the load with the truck completely stopped.
• Keep the load raised only for short periods while it is stacking or unstacking, to prevent the truck
from toppling forwards.
• When you are stacking loads, start with the empty lower shelves.
• With shelves of more than 4 m in height, use elevating trucks with an automatic system for setting
the elevation heights.
• Do not use the forks to rectify the pallet position: raise it again and put it in the correct place.
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Stacking at heights
• Remove or place loads from or on the stack with vertical movements.
• If the load sways, stop the manoeuvre, leave the load somewhere else and ascertain the reason
for the swaying.
• Do not leave loaded pallets piled one on top of another.
• Do not form stacks of more than 6 m in height.
• Even though containers with less than 50 litres can be stored against the wall or forming a
pyramid, do not exceed 7 stacking levels or a height of 5 m.
Loading and unloading operations
Movements
The movement of the truck, load and the movement of the mast are movements that must always be
made separately and consecutively, and never at once.
NO!
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❶ Move forwards perpendicularly and
❷ Place the mast in vertical position
❹ Before moving backwards, look
❸ Lift the load a few centimetres and
❶ Move forwards perpendicularly and
❷ Put the mast in vertical position.
❹ Look over
❸ Lower the load to the floor and the
from the centre, until you are 30 cm
from the pallet.
❺ Turn and move forwards.
over both shoulders while at the
same time observing the load.
from the centre, until you are 30 cm
from where you are going to leave
the load.
❺ When the tips of the forks are about
30 cm from the load, lean the mast
backwards and turn to drive
forwards.
FREMAP
your shoulder before
moving backwards, checking that
the forks come out easily.
and insert the forks up to the heel.
lean the mast backwards.
forks a few centimetres more to
unhook them from the pallet.
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Transporting loads
• To prevent the truck from toppling sideways, fold the mast backwards and lower the forks, at
a distance of no more than 15 cm from the floor.
• When you are driving on ramps, do it slowly without turning, moving in a straight line and
following the maximum gradient.
• When the truck is loaded, always drive down the ramps backwards.
NO!
YES
• In transporting loads, the truck forks must be in the correct position.
Passing through doors and
narrow areas
The following is ALWAYS recommended, except inside trucks
or on railway platforms:
• Leave a clearance of at least 50 cm between the end, side
and upper parts and fixed elements in the workplace.
• Mark off narrow zones with black and yellow stripes at an
angle of 45º.
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50 cm
50 cm
50 cm
• Minimum width:
If the driving direction is one-way, the
minimum width should be the width of
the truck or the load plus 1 m.
40 cm
50 cm
If the driving direction is two-way, a
minimum width of double the width of
the truck or its load plus 1.40 m is
recommended.
Round loads
Round loads such as drums can be
transported with fork-lift trucks
fitted with special accessories, e.g.
an all-in-one mechanical clamp
or special containers for drums.
The mechanical clamp is formed
by:
• A frame: two parallel steel bars
for inserting the forks.
Transporting drums.
Anchoring heads.
Horizontal part of the frame.
Vertical part of the frame.
• A set of anchoring heads.
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Working in docks
• Always look before starting to move, to avoid falling into
the water.
• Always bear in mind how far away from the edge of the
dock you are at all times.
• Take control over the loading and unloading operations.
• Immobilise trailers until the loading and unloading operations
have finished:
– using mechanical system;
– using special chocks for immobilising trucks, on both side
of the wheels and anchored to the ground with chains to
prevent theft or loss.
• Establish a clear communications system with truck drivers (they should know when they can
move their trucks).
• Check that the loading ramp is resistance, clean and well anchored.
• Ensure that the loading ramp has a small gradient, if possible.
• Check that the loading ramp is wide enough for the truck to enter and leave in a straight line.
• If using permanent levellers, check they have safety stops and a skirting board.
• Check that the lateral edges of the loading ramp are raised, so that the driver can feel them when
they are touching the edge with the wheels.
Stopping the trucks
• Never stop the truck in places that obstruct passageways for vehicles and pedestrians, on ramps
or in prohibited areas: emergency doors, eyewashes, hoses, fire extinguishers...
• Lower the forks to the ground to prevent people can knocked against them.
• Even though you only leave the truck for a few seconds, stop the engine, put on the handbrake
and take out the starting key to prevent unauthorised persons from using it.
Using service lifts
• Check the lift is designed for the weight of the loaded fork-lift truck and authorised for persons
to use it.
• Given its dimensions, drive slowly and in a straight line.
• Once inside, switch off the engine and put on the handbrake. Do not get off the truck if this is
not necessary.
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Crossing of cables over the
work area
• Do not pass over laid cables if they are not protected or protect them with a stiff, firm element
anchored to the ground.
• Mark all laid cables and warn other drivers.
• Cross the cable perpendicular to it and very slowly to prevent the truck from toppling over.
Crossing railway lines and ridges
• If you are crossing a railway line, check for the passage of trains.
• Approach the cable perpendicular to it, reduce speed and ensure both front wheels cross it at
the same time.
Tidiness and cleanliness
If you see any objects or dirt on the floor:
– One. If it is possible and not dangerous, clean the area. If this is not possible or dangerous
(e.g., a corrosive substance), mark the place and inform the person in charge.
– Two. Ask yourself about the risks related to dirt.
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Traffic regulations
• Pedestrian always have right of way:
– One. Warn that you are near by sounding the horn.
– Two. Check you are at least 1 m from the pedestrian.
• When you are driving behind another fork-lift truck, keep a safety distance of 3 times the
truck length.
3 times the
truck length
3. EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE
Daily checklist
Why make a daily checklist?
Because to perform a work safe and proper the truck must operate correctly.
Who should make it?
The driver is responsible to check the
truck every day, and taking note of any
irregularity observed.
When should the check be made?
• When you are starting the work shift.
• After rest periods, if anyone has used it.
• After being used by someone who is not a member of the usual squad.
• When, after starting work, any irregularity is observed in its operation.
Which elements must be checked?
Levels:
• The battery levels or fuel tank level.
• The water in the engine cooling system, in the case of a thermal truck.
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Running when it is empty:
• The condition of the brakes.
• Absence of hydraulic oil underneath the truck.
• The smooth operation of the accelerator.
• The effectiveness of the handbrake.
• The condition of the anchoring chains.
• The engine and hydraulic oil.
• The smooth movement of the steering wheel, checking the clearance.
• Wear and tear of the wheels.
• The integrity and symmetry of the forks with respect to the axle.
• The condition of the fork holder and mechanical mast elements.
• The smooth operation and constant movement of each hydraulic circuit (up to its maximum
extension in both directions) and its mechanical elements.
• The operation of the indicator and reverse beeper.
• The correct operation of the dead man press button, if the truck has one.
• The horn.
Common irregularities:
• Dripping or leaking of oil, fuel or
other liquids.
• Damage to the electric insulation
on hoses.
• Alteration in the battery terminals.
• Loss of air in wheels with inflatable
tyres.
• Wearing of the wheels.
• Deforming of the forks.
• Alteration in the symmetry of the
forks with respect to the axle.
• Physical damage to the fork-holder
and mechanical elements of the
mast.
If the machine shows an anomaly:
• Do not use it.
• Repair it if you are authorised to do so, and if not, inform the person in charge.
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Regular maintenance inspections
Why should they be carried out?
Because certain elements and anomalies need a detailed, careful inspection by someone with the
appropriate special knowledge.
Regular maintenance inspections:
Who performs them?
Specialised companies or persons who are trained and authorised to do so by the company. All the
operations performed are noted down on the truck maintenance sheet.
When must they be performed?
They are performed based on the most demanding of the following criteria:
• The indications of the manufacturer.
• The indications resulting from longstanding experience in the Company.
• The indications in the internal Company regulations.
What elements are inspected?
In regular maintenance inspections, the
following elements are inspected:
• Those wich are indicated in the fork-lift truck
maintenance guides.
• Those wich are set down in the Company’s
internal regulations.
• Those that experience leads us to think are
elements that must always be checked.
• The safety portico.
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Safety portico
Maintenance of the safety portico
• No rust spots.
• It must be firmly fixed to the machine chassis.
• Welded areas must not have fissures or
breakages.
• Any deformations it has must not affect its
resistance.
• Vision is clear for picking up and leaving
loads at a height.
4. RISKS AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES
Risks for the driver
1 Truck toppling sideways
• When you are turning.
• Avoid making sharp movements
• Due to the surface of the floor.
• On irregular floors, reduce speed, divide the
cargo up into groups, hold the wheel firmly
and take all precautions.
• Other: offcentred loading, breaking of the pallet,
dangerous manoeuvres...
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2 Truck toppling frontways
• When you are carrying a raised load, mast is
leaning forwards of extended.
• When you are making sharp movements
(braking suddenly or accelerating sharply while
moving backwards).
• Braking or driving on a surface that is not totally
horizontal and overloading the truck.
• Ensure the load is stable.
• Do not make sudden movements
• Do not overload the truck.
• Not driving on ramps with gradients of more
than 10%.
• When the truck loading ramp is detached or
breaks.
• Due to uneven floors, knocking against a kerb
or falling into a ditch.
3 Injuries due to the load falling
There is a risk of injuries if the load falls due to excess weight for the protective portico, or if bottles
or containers break and the contents fall onto the driver or other operators.
• The load:
– Not well stacked.
– Not properly anchored, if formed by different pieces or parts.
– Too high and with too small a base (unstable).
– On a pallet in poor condition or one that is inappropriate.
• Driving on ramps:
– Driving across them.
– Ramp with too high a gradient.
• The floor: passing over holes or ridges.
• Lack of visibility:
– Rain.
– Non-transparent protective
materials placed over the truck.
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NO!
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NO!
Load:
• Use the appropriate containers.
• Anchor the loads on the pallets correctly.
• Check that the pallets are the right ones and in
good condition.
Visibility:
• Use elements to protect the truck from the
rain.
• Check that no protective materials impair
visibility.
Ramps:
• On ramps, drive slowly, perpendicularly to them
and in a straight line, following the maximum
gradient.
YES
• Remember: the maximum gradient of the ramp
must not exceed 10%.
Floor surfaces:
• Apply the prevention measures for working
on uneven surfaces.
4 Hands or clothes becoming trapped in the truck
This can happen when handling the mechanical
or hydraulic elements of the truck.
• Only handle those mechanical and hydraulic
elements if you are trained and authorised to
do so.
• Turn off and stop the truck engine before
repairing it.
• Check that the pressure accumulator elements
are disconnected: stop the pump, empty the
cylinders in both directions, as well as the
pressure accumulator.
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5 Knocking against fixed objects
Collisions are caused by:
• Pay attention
• lack of attention;
• Perform the daily inspection before starting
work
• a failure in the truck brakes;
• calculating the distances wrongly;
• working too quickly;
• poor visibility (excess height of the load).
• Check your calculations.
• Drive backwards when the load prevents you
from seeing the way or if you need to put your
head out of the side of the truck to see it.
• If visibility is poor for manoeuvring, ask someone
who knows the job to help.
Risks for pedestrians
1 Being knocked down
• Due to. the incorrect use of the truck by the
driver:
– not being attentive to pedestrians;
– Warn you are near by sounding the horn.
– performing unexpected manoeuvres or turns;
– Check that you are more than 1 m from
the pedestrian.
– starting to manoeuvre without looking first;
– not taking steps in the face of poor visibility.
• Due to distracted pedestrians.
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Remember: pedestrians always have right of
way.
FREMAP
2 Being crushed by a falling load
If when pedestrians are near, the load becomes
unstable due to:
• driving too fast;
• Organising your work correctly.
• Check you have enough space to manoeuvre.
• Execute the work carefully and without rushing.
• making sharp turns;
• the load is too high or off-centre;
• having the mast in the forwards position;
• not respecting the hazardous conditions of
the work area.
3 Being crushed by fixed objects
• Working in narrow places.
• The driver has not seen the pedestrian.
• The pedestrian is near the truck and the fixed
elements.
• The driver has no time to react.
• Remember how to act in the presence of
pedestrians in the workplace:
– sound the horn;
– check you are at least 1 m from the pedestrian.
• Always pay attention.
• Check the correct operation of the horn and
beeper before starting work.
• When he is driving backwards, the driver has
not looked first.
• Check the correct operation of the alarm beeper.
• When it is driving backwards, the warning
beeper does not work.
• Mark the working zone, in accordance with the
recommendations given.
• Working in places without the appropriate
marking.
• Do not transport pedestrians on the truck.
• Check that the brakes work properly.
• Transporting pedestrians on the truck.
• If when it is working the truck brakes fail.
• If when the truck is parked or stopped, the
handbrake does not function properly.
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It is important to check that the horn functions properly
before starting work.
Check the proper operation of the handbrake to prevent
accidents.
Risks in loading fuel
An explosion could take place due to the presence of flammable vapours, static electricity or the
presence of heat.
Before
• Switch off the engine.
• Check the lights and beepers are not connected to the electricity supply.
• Disconnect the battery.
• Do not work near operations in which heat is generated.
• Check there are no cables lying near the machine.
During
• Grounding the system: first check the earthing of the truck. The ground plug must be on an
element of the truck structure that permits good electrical continuity.
• Filling the tank: prevent spills by placing the hose in the opening before opening the valve.
• Correct position of the drip tray (under the hose).
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Final check
• Close the fuel tank properly.
• Put the hose in the correct place.
• Clean any remains of fuel from the
ground and truck.
• Collect the equipment:
– Close the valve.
– Remove the hose.
– Close the fuel opening.
– Disconnect the ground clamp.
Risks in charging batteries
• Batteries contain sulphuric acid and distilled water: when you are filling them with water, there
could be splashing and spilling.
• Gases are generated by batteries, which when you are emitted through the openings, could form
potentially explosive atmospheres.
• When it is charged less than 30%, the battery in electric fork-lift trucks may become damaged,
causing the systems to fail.
Before
• Switch off the engine, lights and beepers.
• Check the loading area is appropriate.
• Do not work near operations that could give off heat.
During
• Check you are not transporting any metal objects.
• Check you are wearing the necessary protective equipment.
• Check that the truck chest is always open.
• Check there are not metal objects on the batteries or in contact with their terminals or cables.
• Respect the charge intensity recommended by the manufacturer.
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Final check
• Correct charging of the batteries.
• Correct placing of the connection hose.
A safe charging area
• Ventilated.
• Non-conductive floor.
• Clean and dry.
• Far from activities entailing the risk of fire or explosion.
• With containers to collect potential acid leaks.
• Marked: electrical Risk and Smoking forbidden signs.
• CO2 extinguisher and eyewash system.
Personal protection equipment
• Impact-proof goggles.
• Face shield.
• Waterproof gloves that do not conduct electricity
• Waterproof apron that does not conduct electricity.
• Safety footwear.
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Risks in replacing the LPG gas cylinder
There could be an explosion due to the presence of flammable
gases, static electricity or heat.
Before
• Check that the ventilation is adequate.
• Switch off the engine.
• Check the lights and beepers are not connected to
the electricity supply.
• Do not work near operations that could generate heat.
• Check for the absence of cables laid in the operating
zone.
During
• Grounding of the whole system: first of all, the truck
ground plug. The plug must be placed on an element
of the truck structure that permits good electrical
continuity.
• Removing the empty cylinder: check that the cylinder
valve and truck power valve are both closed.
• Positioning the new cylinder: check the correct support
and anchoring of the cylinder and the connection of
the flexible hose.
• Collect the equipment.
Final check
• Use soapy water to check for leaks in the valves,
leads or connections.
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5. DANGEROUS MANOEUVRES AND HABITS
Dangerous manoeuvres
The following are dangerous manoeuvres:
• Driving a fork-lift truck without being
authorised to.
• Overloading or increasing the counterweight
of a truck.
• Lifting loads with just one fork.
• Driving a truck when one is not authorised
to drive it.
• Using the truck to push another vehicle.
• Use two trucks to move a load.
• Allowing someone to walk or stop under the forks.
• Organising competitions or games with the trucks.
Dangerous habits
The following are dangerous habits:
• Turning without reducing speed.
• Braking sharply.
• Descending ramps forwards when loaded.
• Not sounding the horn at corners and in places
with poor visibility.
• Lifting or lowering a load during transport.
• Climbing off the truck without stopping the
engine.
• Climbing onto shelves.
• Not putting a sign on the truck when it is temporarily out of service.
• Not blocking the truck when it is parked.
• Driving the truck with gloves, hands or footwear covered in slippery products.
• Driving a truck near people.
• Using the reverse gear as a brake.
• Not using the safety belt.
30
FREMAP
HOW TO PROCEED IN THE EVENT OF AN ACCIDENT
In all accidents...
Always act quickly but calmly.
Wounds
• Do not touch the wound.
• Do not apply ointments.
• Wash with soap and water.
• Cover with sterile gauze.
Electrocutions
• remove the victim from the current, using non-conductive elements (dry sticks or ropes).
• Take the victim to a hospital.
Burns by sulphuric acid
• Dot not apply ointments.
• Wash the area with abundant soap and water or bicarbonated water.
• Remove all clothing, rings, etc. that are stained with acid.
• Cover with sterile gauze.
Bleeding
• Press hard on the bleeding area with gauze or clean cloths.
• If the bleeding continues, add more gauze on top of the previous one and press down harder.
• Press your fingers hard on the bleeding artery.
In the event the machine topples sideways
• Never try to jump out (you will be crushed by
the machine).
NO!
• Hold onto the portico at the part that will be
at the top.
• Use your legs to press your body against the
seat.
• Keep your feet firmly on the floor.
• Bend forwards in the opposite direction to
where the truck is toppling.
31
FREMAP
In the event the machine topples frontways
• Never jump out.
NO!
• Hold the wheel firmly.
• Press your body against the seat.
• Keep your feet firmly on the floor.
Workers’ Obligations Regarding Occupational Risk Prevention
Article 29 of the Occupational Risk Prevention Acts assigns to workers the obligation to keep watch
over their own safety and health in the workplace and those of other persons that could
be affected by their professional activities.
In particular, based on their training and the instructions of their employers, workers must:
• Make proper use of machines, appliances, tools, hazardous
substances, transportation equipment and in general, any
other methods used to carry out their activities.
• Use the protection resources and equipment provided by
their employers and maintain them correctly, and if
damaged, request them to be replaced.
• Not disenable the safety devices in place and use them
correctly.
• Immediately inform their immediate superiors of any
situation which, in their opinion, entails a risk to workers’
safety and health.
• Cooperate with their employers so that they can guarantee
safe working conditions that pose no risks to the safety and
health of their workers.
• Breach of the risk prevention obligations referred to in the
foregoing paragraphs will be considered labour breaches,
for the effects foreseen in article 58.1 of the Workers’ Statute.
32
FREMAP
SAFETY GUIDE
FOR FORK-LIFT
TRUCK DRIVERS
I have received the Occupational Safety and Health Guidewhich includes
the risks and basic prevention measures for work involving the driving of
fork-lift trucks and a summary of the obligations of workers set forth in
Article 29 of the Occupational Risk Prevention Act.
I.D. Number:
Date:
Name and signature of the worker:
33
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Fork-Lift Truck Drivers Fork

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