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African American and American Cultural Studies Program
Course Title
Decolonizing Africana Americana Diaspora
(Work in Progress)
(Interdisciplinary Studies: Methods and Modes of Inquiry)
Fall 2016
Location: TBA
Meeting Times: W-F 3:05 – 4:20 PM
Professor: Raul Moarquech Ferrera-Balanquet.
Office: TBA
Office Hours: TBA + By Appointment
https://moarquech.wordpress.com/decolonialafricandiaspora
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Course Description
This course is designed for undergraduate and graduate students who have
experience and are interested in understanding the routes, way of knowing, cultural
expressions and territories interweaving the Africana Americana Diaspora1: the
Caribbean, Latin America, Canada, and the United States. The course must be understood
as a complex historical and conceptual creative process organized in relation to
coloniality/modernity/decoloniality critical option of inquiry in the interconnected
territories inhabited by African descendants.
Decolonization is a struggle prompted and provoked by the management of
coloniality, the Anglo-euro patriarchal colonial matrix of domination, which still in place
in locations, institutions, and bodies inhabiting the territories of the Africana Americana
Diaspora. Why it is so important for Africanxs Americanxs2 descendants to understand
how, through the European colonization, these “natural universal western principles”
today are still dictating the lives and creative process of these territories? Why it is so
important to understand how cognitive racism dismisses the knowledge and wisdom of
our African ancestors and forces many of us to sense, think and express in AngloEuropeans terms?
Inspired by Edouard Glissant’s Poetic of Relations,3 Audre Lorde’s Sister
Outsider, Franzt Fanon’s Black Skin White Mask, Jacqui Alexander’s Pedagogies of
Crossing, Michel-Rolph Trouillot’s Silencing the Past: Power and the Production of
History, and bell hooks’ Writing beyond race: living theory and practice, this
interdisciplinary course will embark into the process of de-learning these “western
principles” and to de-territorialize the colonial fears repressing our radical transformation
so needed in a time when Anglo-Eurocentrism episteme claims of “global universalism”
and the English language are imposing their hegemonic standards. Addressing issues of
migration, citizenship, ethnicity, race, gender, sexuality, class, among others as
manifested in cultural expressions, the course will re-imagine geographical locations of
Africana Americana Diaspora to link our experience to the Atlantic Slave Trade and to
some of the cultural and ethnic manifestations of West Africa as they inform the present
experiences of many African descendants in the western side of the Atlantic.
Focusing on literary, artistic, cinematic, critical productions, and socio-political
expression by Africanxs Americxs from diverse historical times, the class examines the
ideological, economic, social, and creative ruptures produced by artists, critical thinkers,
community organizers, and writers, as well as a series of historical moments such as the
Haitian Revolution and the Black Panther movement. Employing generative and task
based learning, the course will provide an in-depth process of concientization where the
1
I used the name Africana Americana Diaspora to encompass in this imagined territory the experience of Afro
After understanding the absence of gender in First Nations and West African stories of creation, many Afro Latino/as
employ the x as a way to deconstruct the colonial gender binary condition imposed in the Spanish Language. I bring
this use into English to continue the decolonization of modern European languages and knowledge.
3
This radical experimental interdisciplinary pedagogical process follows a variable and multilayered rhythmic model to
articulate the various ways in which African aesthetics, variable geometry, queerness, and memory are present today in
Africana Americana creative practices.
2
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participants (facilitator and students) will arrive to an understanding of how coloniality
still in place, not only at the nation state, educational institutions, religious organizations,
the prison system, and the social fabric, but also within many of the emotional,
psychological, and critical corporal knowledge responses we, Africanxs Americanxs
subjects, produce today.
Course Aims and Outcomes
The purposes of this course are geared toward collective generative processes of
critical thinking, creative production and social expressions where the participants would
recognize that at the present, Africanxs Americanxs are living in an era where debates
about racism, heteronormativity, gender and sexual oppression, illegal immigration,
global multinationals, neo slavery, prison industrial complex, and the ongoing Imperial
military expansions are central to our survival. Examining the cultural and social
expressions produce by the Africana Americana Diaspora communities, at the end of the
semester, the students will:
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Have more extensive knowledge of the Africana American Diaspora
related to cultural expressions, critical production, spiritualties, and sociopolitical positions;
Be able to identify, discuss and analyze key migration, forced migration,
and displacement issues affecting Africanxs Americanxs, as well as their
cultural and political differences active in the larger context of African
descendants communities;
Have extensive knowledge of the multiple ways in which the European
Christian coloniality/modernity/rationality project has organized
epistemological structures which today are perceived as the “universal
truths” and has imposed cognitive racism in a geography of domination
locating its colonial discourse in a temporal progression of development
where non-European epistemologies such as the Africana Americana
Diaspora, are displaced to the exteriority of modernity classifying African
and Indigenous gnosis as “primitive,” “backward,” and “outdate;”
Be able to comprehend and develop a vocabulary and terminology about
the cultural, social, and political motivations for Africana Americana
writers, thinkers, and artists to delink the Euro-Christian patriarchal
colonial matrix;
Will identify key geographical areas in the Americas from where the
Africana Americana communities enunciate their creative, cultural, and
literary productions, as well as the socio-political expressions;
Have reinforced and improved accuracy and fluency of written and spoken
decolonial terminology around the Africana Americana experiences as it
relate to the the Caribbean, Latin American, Canada, and the United States
histories;
Develop research skills and critical reflection about issues facing Africana
Americana communities at large;
Be able to apply critical thinking skills in their verbal and written
communication and integrate academic knowledge and experience about
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issues of class, ethnicity, race, gender, sexuality, ideology interweave with
the production of cultural, creative and literary artifacts from the Africana
Americana communities in the Americas;
Develop intercultural knowledge and competence; be aware of diversity
and engage in critical dialogues with a wide range of critical theories,
historical positions, artistic practices, literary texts, and research produced
since colonial times within and about the vast cultural territory of
Africanxs Americanxs conforming an intrinsic part of the Caribbean, Latin
America, Canada, and the United States.
Course Rationale
Understanding the needs of having a decolonial interdisciplinary approach to
critical thinking, creative and information production, and organization skills in the 21st
Century, each week has been designed as a combination of physical meetings, learning
media and internet technologies workshops, and the implementation of mechanisms for
creative collaborations. During the course, it will be emphasized how the remaining
structural foundation of the colonial matrix is a geographical Anglo-Eurocentric spatial
projection, which claims the universal truth of the construction of geography and spatial
relations.
Here we are placed in an imagined territory where we began to think about
ourselves from the perspective of our own locations: the Africana Americana Diaspora
and its ancestral legacy. The course will render a transformative space where migration,
movement, transculturalization, multilingualism, knowledge exchange, and the body
create a multiscalar spatial and temporal matrix closer to our subjectivities, that of the
decolonizing subjects. Connecting the experience of slavery in African descendants
communities, this course will follow Glissant’s notion of evoking the poetic imagination
of our enslaved ancestors to generate a critical process where the participants will place
the nature of our imagined spaces in an unknown and uncertain terrifying location: the
slave ship.4 This uncertainty affected the sensorial responses of our ancestors even before
they entered the slave ship, at the petrifying moment, to use Glissant’s words, of their
capture.
Therefore, recognizing how racism, sexism, homophobia, heteronormativity, and
the control of the state affect and terrorize our subjective experiences would provide a
generative healing process guided toward the understanding of how ancestral knowledge
inform the decolonial strategies employ to elicit corporal knowledge. The course focuses
on the many decolonial strategies employed today in the larger Africana Americana
Diaspora in order to delink from the coloniality of Western epistemology: re-membering,
re-existentia, ancestral memory, the respect to the legacy of the elders, cimarronaje, and
collaborative practices, among others. These decolonial strategies are intrinsically linked
to those uncertain moments of terrifying and unknown sensorial experiences lived, felt
4
Glissant, Edouard. Poetic of Relation, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1997, pp 5-9.
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and sensed by our African ancestors, which through time and via oral histories, have
arrived to us, as systems of knowledge, wisdom, and gnosis allowing for the continuation
of the decolonial process.
Evaluation and Grading
Weekly postings
10%
Every week, the participants will post on the seminar website their
experiences within the laboratory and their interpretation of the
readings, the conferences, and of the collaborative projects in any
of the creative approach each participant chooses (poetry, fiction,
essay, screenwriting, digital maps, photography, drawings,
performative gestures etc.).
Weekly reading presentations
Every week, the participants will chose one of the readings
assigned to lead the discussion in the seminar.
10%
Class Participation
The participants are encouraged to develop dialogues during the
seminar, to discuss the artworks and literary texts, and to engage
in collaborative exercises.
10%
Collaborative Weekly Projects
Every week, the seminar will be divided in to groups to develop
collaborative projects. Based on the themes for that week, the
group will chose the format, the media(s), the outcomes and the
presentation of the collaborative project.
20%
Community Engagement
During the 14 weeks of the classr, the participants will develop,
individually or in groups, an ongoing project with a community
organization, a neighborhood, a group of people or with a public
space.
20%
Final Project (Individual or Collaborative)
The participants choose the creative approach (poetry, fiction,
essay, screenwriting, digital maps, photography, performance,
audio, drawing, installation, video, blog, etc.)
20%
Total
100%
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Thematic Organization and Weekly Readings
Week 1: Sensing, Thinking, Doing, and Expressing the Africana Americana Diaspora:
The Integration of Africans and African Descendants in the World Cultures
System: Interethnic Africana American Subjectivity and Alliance Building.
Readings
Branche Jerome. “Introduction: Malungaje: Toward a Poetics of Diaspora,” The Poetics
and Politics of Diaspora: Transatlantic Musings, Routledge, 2014, pp. 1-18.
Lao-Montes Agustin. Decolonial Moves: Trans-locating African diaspora spaces,
Cultural Studies Vol. 21, Nos. 2-3 March/May 2007, pp. 309-338.
Thompson, Robert Farris. “The Rara of the Universe: Vodun Religion and Art in Haiti,”
Flash of the Spirit: African & Afro-American Art & Philosophy, New York:
Vintage Book, 1984, pp. 161-192.
Week 2: The colonial matrix and its dimensions: The rhetoric of the ideology of
visualization, the global society of spectacle and information, and the
colonization of the social, individual and collective imaginaries.
Readings
Kant, Immanuel. Observations on the feeling of the beautiful and the sublime and Other
Writings. (1767) Ed. and trans. by Patrick Frierson and Paul Guyer, Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 2011.
Chukwudi Eze, Emmanuel. “The Color of reason: The Idea of “Race” in Kant’s
Anthropology,” Postcolonial African Philosophy: A Critical Reader, ed.
Emmanuel Chukwudi Eze, Oxford, England and Cambridge, Massachusetts:
Blackwell Publishing, 1997, pp. 103-140.
Wilson, Fo. “Seeing Black and the Color Representation,” Diasporic Women’s Writing
of the Black Atlantic: (En)Gendering Literature, ed. Emilia María DuránAlmarza and Esther Álvarez López, New York and Oxon: Routledge, 2014, pp.
15-33.
Week 2: The Coloniality of Euro-Christian Patriarchy and the placement of African
Sensing, Knowledge, Writing, and Cultural Expression at the Exteriority of the
West.
Readings
Wynter, Sylvia. Unsettling the Coloniality of Being/Power/Truth/Freedom: Towards the
Human, After Man, Its Overrepresentation—An Argument, The New Centennial
Review, 02/2004, Volume 3, Issue 3, pp. 257–337.
Hall, Stuart. “Introduction,” Formations of Modernity. Hall and Bram Gieben, eds.
London: Open University, 1992.
Trouillot Michel-Rolph, “North Atlantic Universals: Analytical Fictions, 1492-1945.”
The South Atlantic Quarterly - Volume 101, Number 4, Fall 2002, pp. 839-858.
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Week 3: Corpo/Bio Politics: Racism, Slavery, Subpersonhood, and the colonization of
corporal and ancestral knowledge.
Readings
Cugoano, Ottobah. “Appendix,” Narrative of the Enslavement of Ottobah Cugoano, a
Native of Africa; Published by Himself in the Year 1787. London: Printed for the
Author and Sold by Hatchard and Co., 1825, pp. 120-127.
Branche Jerome. “Slavery and the Syntax of Subpersonhood,” Colonialism and Race in
Luso-Hispanic Literature, Columbia, Missouri: University of Missouri Press,
2006, pp. 81-113.
hooks, bell. “Introduction” and “Racism: Naming What Hurts,” Writing beyond race:
living theory and practice, London and New York: Routledge, 2013, pp. 1-25.
Week 4: Decolonial Variable Geometries. The Ori: I/We within the subject. The Body as
Container of Information: Ancestral Memory, Sensorial Knowledge, and Doing.
Readings
Glissant, Édouard. Poetics of Relation, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1997,
pp. 1-44.
Abiodun Balogun, Oladele. “The Concepts of Ori and Human Destiny in Traditional
Yoruba Thought: A Soft-Deterministic Interpretation,” Nordic Journal of African
Studies 16(1), 2007, pp. 116–130
Jahn, Janheinz. “Ntu: African Philosophy,” Muntu: An Outline of the New African
Culture, New York: Grover Press, INC, 1961, pp. 96-120.
Raiford, Leigh. Photography and the Practices of Critical Black Memory, History and
Theory, Vol. 48, No. 4, 2009, pp. 112-129.
Week 5: Delink from Subpersonhood: Decoloniality of Structural Though.
Readings
Fanon, Frantz. “The Fact of Blackness,” Back Skin, White Mask, Nueva York: Grove
Weidenfield-Grove Press, 1967, pp. 109-140.
Gordon, Lewis R. “Africana Philosophy of Existence” and “A Problem of Biography in
Africana Thought,” Existentia Africana: Understanding Africana Existential
Thought, New York – London: Routledge, 2000, pp. 1-40.
Szeles, Ursula. Sea Secret Rising: The Lwa Lasirenn In Haitian Vodou, Journal of
Haitian Studies; 17, 1, 2011, pp. 193-210.
Week 6: Decolonial Spiritual Practices: The wisdom of our Ancestrality. Cosmic Nature
as a Way of Living in the Africana Americana Imagined Diaspora.
Readings
Adéè ̣Kó ̣, Adélékè. “Writing” and “Reference” in Ifá Divination Chants, Oral Tradition,
25/2, 2010, pp. 283-303.
Oke, Moses. “Precepts for Tenure Ethics in Yoruba Egungun (Masquerade) Proverbs,”
The Journal of Pan African Studies, vol.1, no.9, 2007, pp. 85-102.
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Ochoa, Todd Ramon. “Versions Of The Dead: Kalunga, Cuban-Kongo Materiality, and
Ethnography,” Cultural Anthropology, Vol. 22, Issue4, 2007, pp. 473–500.
Walsh, Catherine and León, Edizon Afro-Andean Thought and Diasporic Ancestrality, in
Shifting the Geography of Reason: Gender, Science and Religion, Marina
Banchetti and Clevis Headley (eds.), London: Cambridge Scholars Press, 2007,
Print, 211-224
Week 7: Thinking from our territories: The Africana Americana variable location as
epistemological sites.
Readings
McKittrick, Katherine. “I lost my arm in the last Trip Home: Black Geographies,”
Demonic Grounds: Black Women and The Cartographies Of Struggle,
Minneapolis: U of Minnesota Press, 2006, pp 1-38.
Durán-Almarza, Emilia María, “Mapping Transatlantic Feminist Cartographies through
Black Atlantic Cinema,” Diasporic Women’s Writing of the Black Atlantic:
(En)Gendering Literature, ed. Emilia María Durán-Almarza and Esther Álvarez
López, New York and Oxon: Routledge, 2014, pp. 151-164.
Lorand Matory, J. “Is There Gender in Yoruba Culture?” Òrìşà Devotion as World
Religion: The Globalization of Yorùbá Religious Culture, ed. Jacob Kẹhinde
Olupona and Terry Rey. Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press,
2008, pp. 513-558.
Week 8: Africana Americana Diaspora Sensing Cosmic Time and Movement: The
Sacred, Spirituality, Ancestral Memory, and Liberation.
Readings
Glissant, Édouard. Poetics of Relation, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1997,
pp. 131-182.
Preston Blier, Suzanne. Cosmic References In Ancient Ife,” African Cosmology, ed.
Vhristine Mullen Kreamer, Washington DC: National Museum of African Art,
2012, pp. 2-12.
McKittrick, Katherine. “Nothing Shocking: Black Canada,” Demonic Grounds: Black
Women and The Cartographies Of Struggle, Minneapolis: U of Minnesota Press,
2006, pp. 91-120.
Week 9: Decolonizing the Erotic: Africana Americana Androgynous Stories of Creation
as Systems of Knowledge.
Readings
Lorde, Audre. “ Uses of the Erotic: Power of the Erotic,” Sister Outsider, Freedom, CA:
The Crossing Press, 1984. Pp. 53-59.
Oyewumi, Oyeronke. “Conceptualizing gender: the eurocentric foundations of feminist
concepts and the challenge of african epistemologies” Jenda: A Journal of
Culture and African Women Studies 1, no. 2 (2000).
http://www.africaknowledgeproject.org/index.php/jenda/article/view/68 /
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Allen, Jafari S. Black/Queer/Diaspora at the Current Conjuncture, GLQ: A Journal of
Lesbian and Gay Studies, Volume 18, Numbers 2-3, 2012, pp. 211-248.
Corner, Randy P. Rainbow’s Children: Diversity of Gender and Sexuality in African
Diasporic Spiritual Traditions, in Queering creole spiritual traditions: lesbian,
gay, bisexual, and transgender participation in African-inspired traditions in the
Americas, Randy P. Conner; with David Hatfield Sparks, New York : Harrington
Park Press, 2004.
Week 10: Transformative Gestures: Vèvè Drawings and Writing and its Relation to an
Ancient System of World Cultures.
Readings
Strongman, Roberto “The Afro-Diasporic body in Haitian Vodou and the Transcending
of Gendered Cartesian corporality”, KUNAPIPI, Journal of Postcolonial Writing
and Culture 30, no. 2 (2008): 11-29.
Rigaud, Milo. Ve-Ve: Diagrammes Rituels Du Voudou, Nueva York: French and
European Publication, INC, 1974.
Martínez-Ruiz, Bárbaro. “Flying Over Dikenga: The Circle of New Life”, en Inscribing
Meaning, Kreamer, Christine Mullen et al. Washington D.C.: Smithsonian
Institution, National Museum of African Art, 2007.
https://www.academia.edu/11159152/Flying_over_Diking_The_Circle_of_New_
Mohammed, Patricia. “The Sign of Loa”, Small Axe 18, ,2005, pp. 124-149.
Week 11: Decolonial Aesthesis: Cosmic Sensing, Living and Expressing.
Readings
Glissant, Édouard. Poetics of Relation, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1997,
pp. 183-209.
Lao-Montes Agustin. “Afro-Latin@ Difference and the Politic of Decolonization,” in
Grosfoguel Ramon et al, ed. Latinos in the World-System. Paradigm Press, 2005,
pp. 75-88.
Stokes Sims, Lowery. Elizabeth Catlett: A life in art and politics, American Visions 13.2,
1998, pp. 20-25.
Sullivan, Edward J. The Black Hand: Notes on the African Presence in the Visual Arts of
Brazil and the Caribbean, in The Arts in Latin America 1492-1820, Joseph J.
Rishel with Suzanne Stratton-Pruitt, eds, Philadelphia, PA: Philadelphia Museum
of Art ; Mexico City: Antiguo Colegio de San Ildefonso; [Los Angeles]: Los
Angeles County Museum of Art; New Haven: In association with Yale University
Press, 2006, pp. 39-55.
Week 12: Cimarronaje: Delinking and The Geography of Knowledge, Re-Existentia and
Re-remembering. Trans Mobility: Imagining Multiple Directions, Movements,
and Temporalities.
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Readings
Thompson, Alvin O. “Gender and Marronage in the Caribbean,” Journal of Caribbean
History 39. 2, 2005, pp. 262-290.
Thompson, Alvin O. “Origins and Development of Marronage,” Flight to freedom:
African runaways and Maroons in the Americas, Kingston, Jamaica: University of
the West Indies Press, 2006, pp. 91-174
Week 13: Decolonial Pedagogy Deprogramming Coloniality: Collective ritual and
Performance the I/We.
Readings
Alexander, Jacqui. “Pedagogies of the Sacred: Making the Invisible,” Tangible,
Pedagogies of Crossing: Meditations on Feminism, Sexual Politics, Memory,
Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2005, pp. 287-332.
Jafari Sinclaire, Allen and Ryan Cecil, Jobson. "The Decolonizing Generation: (Race
and) Theory in Anthropology since the Eighties," Current Anthropology 57, no. 2,
2016. Pp. 129-148.
hooks, bell. “Moving Past Blame: Embracing Diversity,” Writing beyond race: living
theory and practice, London and New York: Routledge, 2013, pp. 26-38.
Gordon, Lewis R. “Black Latin@s and Black in Latin America: Some Philosophical
Considerations,” Grosfoguel Ramon et al, ed. Latinos in the World-System.
Paradigm Press, 2005, pp. 89-106.
Week 14: Decolonial Narration: Creating Our Stories.
Readings
Trouillot, Michel-Rolph. “The Power of the Story,” Silencing the Past: Power and the
Production of History, Boston: Beacon Press, 1997.
Macwatt, Mark. “Writing Between Cultures: A Personal Reflection on finding “Spaces”
for Creative Writing in the Caribbean”, Anales del Caribe, 2007, pp. 270-280.
Brathwaite, Edward Kamau. The African Presence in Caribbean Literature, Daedalus,
Vol. 103, No. 2, 1974, pp. 73-109.
Week 15: Final Presentation
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Suggested Additional Bibliography
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12
Branche, Jerome. “Malungaje: Hacia Una Poéticas de la Diáspora Africana”, Revista
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———. Anaforuana: Ritual y Símbolos De La Iniciación En La Sociedad Secreta
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Santo Domingo, República Dominicana: Museo del Hombre Dominicano, 1980.
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UNEAC, La Habana, (2005): 36-40.
13
Fatunmbi, Awo Fá'Lokun, y John Hope Franklin Research Center for African and
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Ferrera-Balanquet, Raúl Moarquech. “Aiesthesis Descolonial Transmoderna”, en
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La Habana, Cuba: Centro de Arte Contemporáneo Wifrido Lam, 2014. 79-88.
———. “Writing the Decolonial Mariposa Ancestral Memory”, Caribbean InTransit,
Issue 4, Virgina, EEUU (2013): 38-43.
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Routledge y INIVA, 2001.
———. Andres Serrano Shot the Klan, English Is Broken Here: Notes on Cultural
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afrocolombianas y raizales, Claudia Mosquera Rosero-Labbé y Luis Claudio
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