outline introduction aim - Instituto Español de Oceanografía

outline introduction aim - Instituto Español de Oceanografía

01/09/2016
OUTLINE
TRENDS ON THE ONTOGENY OF THE
DOMINANT FLATFISH SPECIES ON THE
SOUTHERN BAY OF BISCAY:
ECOLOGY AND DISTRIBUTION
PATTERNS
• INTRODUCTION
• AIM
• METHODS
1.Study area
2.Data source
3.Data analysis
O. Fernández-Zapico*, A. Punzón, A. Serrano, J. Landa, S. Ruiz-Pico and F. Velasco.
• RESULTS
Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander
Promontorio de San Martín s/n, 39004. Santander, Spain.
1
IMPORTANCE
benthos
feeders
Economical
Intermediaries
E transfer
Analyze the population of the order
Pl
Pleuronectiformes
tif
iin th
the N
Northern
th
S
Spanish
i h shelf
h lf
Bottom quality
indicators
Distribution commercial flatfish
PREVIOUS STUDIES
1 describing its distribution in the area,
g the leading
g factors that drive it.
2 establishing
3 observing the ontogeny in that distribution.
(eg. Sánchez et al., 1998, Sánchez et al., 2001, Gerritsen et al., 2010)
Environmental drivers in communities distribution
(eg Sullivan et al.,
(eg.
al 2000,
2000 Serrano et al.,
al 2008)
GAP OF KNOWLEDGE
2
AIM
INTRODUCTION
Ecological
• DISCUSSION & CONCLUSIONS
•Pleuronectiformes order distribution
•Ontogeny
•Leading factors
3
4
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01/09/2016
METHODS
METHODS
48
1.Study area
fB
France
Ba
yo
isc
ay
Cantabrian Sea
Galician
waters
2.Data source
46
Biological data
44
Study area
Time-series from 2002 to 2011
Spain
42
Explanatory variables
• Latitude
• Longitude •Depth (m)
Portugal
Sampling strategy
10 º
5º
0º
EP
500
FE
PA
200 120 70
Estaca
de Bares Cape
AB
44º
Sieving
g & sedimentation
Combustion
Peñas Cape
Ajo Cape
Bidasoa
River
Finisterre Cape
43º
MF
Miño River
10º
9º
METHODS
8º
6º
5º
4º
3º
2º
5
Arnoglossus imperialis
Buglossidium luteum
Arnoglossus
g
laterna
Microchirus variegatus
g
CLUSTER ANALYSIS
3.Data analysis: statistics
Associations among species and size groups
MANOVA
L. whiffiagonis
Significance of e.variables in the spp composition
Canonical Correspondance
Analysis (CCA)
Ordered structure spp and e.variables
Microchirus_s: 4-12 cm; Microchirus_l: 13-24 cm
Centers of Gravity
(CoG)
Bathysolea profundicola
6
Lepidorhombus boscii
Buglossidium_s: 7-11 cm; Buglossidium_l: 12-15 cm
Whiffi_s: 5-20 cm
Whiffi_m: 21-29 cm
Whiffi_l: 30-53 cm
Laterna_s: 2-10 cm; Laterna_l: 11-18 cm
METHODS
3.Data analysis: Species and length categories
Boscii_s 3-17 cm
Boscii_m 18-25 cm
Boscii_l
26-44 cm
Imperialis_s: 6-12 cm; Imperialis_l: 13-20 cm
•T (ºC)
•S (‰)
42º
7º
•Median particle diameter (Q50,µm)
•Organic
Organic matter (%)
•Sorting coeficient (S0)
Pegusa lascaris
Bathysolea_s: 10-17 cm; Bathysolea_l: 18-23 cm Lascaris_s: 19-23 cm; Lascaris_l: 24-37 cm
Solea solea
Solea_s 11-27 cm
Solea_m 28-39 cm
Solea_l 40-50 cm
7
COG

n

i 1
(xi  zi ) /
Mean value of the variable analized
weighted to the abundance of the species.
n

i 1
xi
xi
abundance of the species in the haul i
zi
mean value of the environmental variable given
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RESULTS
1.0
SB
IS
M-OS
RESULTS
0.8
CLUSTER ANALYSIS
MANOVA: Importance of Explanatory variables
whiffi_l
whiffi_s
whiffi_m
w
imperialis_l
imperialis_s
boscii_s
boscii_m
microchirus_l
microchirus_s
laterna_l
laterna_s
buglossid
dium_l
boscii_l
solea_l
buglossid
dium_s
lascaris_l
bathysolea
a_l
lascaris_s
0.2
Inner shelf group (IS)
P.lascaris, B.luteum, S.solea
0.0
bathysolea_
_s
0.4
solea_m
0.6
solea_s
3 main assemblages
Medium and outer shelf group
(M-OS)
A.laterna, A.imperialis, M.variegatus,
L whiffiagonis
L.whiffiagonis,
L. boscii
Shelf break and upper slope group
(SB)
B.profundicola.
Df
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
960
968
Depth
Q50
Longitude
Latitude
Temperature
Organic Matter
So
Salinity
Residuals
Total
SumsOfSqs
q
23.005
14.959
7.432
4.473
2.132
1.316
1.219
0.396
213.115
268.048
MeanSqs
q F.Model
23.005
103.630
14.959
67.385
7.432
33.478
4.473
20.150
2.033
9.603
1.316
5.928
1.219
5.493
0.396
1.785
0.211
0.751
R2
0.0858
0.0558
0.0277
0.0167
0.0080
0.0049
0.0046
0.0014
Pr(>F)
( )
0.001 ***
0.001 ***
0.001 ***
0.001 ***
0.001 ***
0.001 ***
0.001 ***
0.051 .
1
Signif. codes: 0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
5
9
bathysolea_l
bathysolea_s
1
4
Depth
RESULTS
10
lascaris_s
RESULTS
P.lascaris
lascaris_l
buglossidium_s
FLATFISH DISTRIBUTION WITH
DEPTH (CoG)
buglossidium_l
B.luteum
solea_s
solea_l
S solea
S.
imperialis_s
laterna_l
imperialis_l
Latitude
A.imperialis
laterna_s
1
A.laterna
microchirus_l
whiffi_m boscii_s
whiffi_l
boscii_l
whiffi_s boscii_m
microchirus_s
microchirus_s
microchirus_l
imperialis_l
imperialis_s
whiffi_s
0
Longitude
0
Q50
boscii_m
laterna__ls
laterna
-1
M.variegatus
whiffi_l
Organic Matter
So
L whiffiagonis
L.
whiffi_m
boscii_l
solea_l
solea_m
-2
boscii_s
buglossidium_l
solea_s
lascaris_l
buglossidium_s
lascaris_s
L.boscii
bathysolea_s
bathysolea_l
B.profundicola
CCA1
11
Depth (m)
700
600
2
500
0
400
-2
300
-4
200
-6
100
CCA2
2
3
CCA: Biological vs.
Explanatory data
solea_m
(CoG)
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RESULTS
FLATFISH DISTRIBUTION WITH
SEDIMENT SIZE (CoG)
RESULTS
FLATFISH DISTRIBUTION WITH
LONGITUDE AND LATITUDE (CoG)
B
B.profundicola
f di l
L.whiffiagonis
A.imperialis
M.variegatus
44º
P.lascaris
A.laterna
S.solea
L.boscii
L.whiffiagonis
S.solea
A.laterna
A.imperialis
M.variegatus
B.luteum
B.profundicola
P.lascaris
B luteum
B.luteum
M di particle
Median
ti l diameter
di
t
125-250 µm-> “Fine sands”
250-500 µm-> “Middle sands”
500-1000 µm-> “Coarse sands”
43º
42º
10º
9º
8º
7º
6º
5º
4º
3º
2º
13
DISCUSSION & CONCLUSIONS
Bathymetric
segregation
Interespecies
Diet composition
Strategy:
Resource
partitioning
Depth
Ontogeny
(intra-species)
+
6/9 spp
-
3/9 spp
DISCUSSION & CONCLUSIONS
Fine sands 8/9 spp
Inter-species
Avoid
interspecific
competition
(Piet, 1998)
14
A.imperialis
Coarse sands
Ability to bury f (spp & sizes)
Sediment size
(Stoner & Ottmar, 2003)
(Sánchez, 1993)
Ontogeny
(intra-species)
+
6/9 spp
-
3/9 spp
sediment choice
(Gibson, 2014)
Avoid
predation
3 S
3.
Sediment
di
t size
i has
h been
b
revealed
l d as th
the second
d ffactor
t in
i structuring
t t i flatfish
fl tfi h distribution.
di t ib ti
1. Depth has been revealed as the main factor in structuring flatfish distribution.
**Avoiding predation and feeding is considered the main reason for association with sediment; previous
studies have related sediment choice with the ability to bury in it as a function of the species and size.
**previous papers have explained the bathymetric segregation as a strategy of resource
partitioning & avoiding inter-specific competition, on the basis of their diet.
4. A positive pattern has been found between ontogeny and sediment size in 6/9 spp analysed.
2. A positive pattern between ontogeny and depth in 6/9 spp analyzed was found.
**this pattern has been confirmed for several flatfish species in other areas.
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DISCUSSION & CONCLUSIONS
Interespecies
p
Longitude &
Latitude
Ontogeny
(intraspecies)
W
E
L.boscii
A.laterna
L.whiffiagonis
A.imperialis
No ontogenetic changes,
but trend
Fishing mortality?
Thanks for your
attention
5. Longitude and Latitude are also important factors in structuring flatfish distribution.
5
distribution
6. These variables differenciate species into the genus Arnoglossus and
Lepidorhombus, probably as a consequence of the sediment they are associated.
7. They don’t seem to show ontogenetic changes in relation to latitude and longitude,
but they follow a trend, with higher abundance of larger individuals towards the east,
maybe as a consequence of a stronger fishing effort in the western area.
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5