Bolivia

Transcripción

Bolivia

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Protecting Children and
Families from Tobacco:
Leadership Training
Bolivia
XVI Congreso Latinoamericano de Pediatría
November 14, 2012
La Asociación Latinoamericana de Pediatría-ALAPE
Table of Contents Click on the links below to access the reports included in this document. WHO Country Profile WHO NCDs GYTS Final Report 2000 GHPSS (Dental) Factsheet 2007 Bolivia‐Cochabamba GYTS 2003 Factsheet (Ages 13‐15) Bolivia‐El Alto GYTS 2003 Factsheet (Ages 13‐15) Bolivia‐La Paz GYTS 2003 Factsheet (Ages 13‐15) Bolivia‐Santa Cruz GYTS 2003 Factsheet (Ages 13‐15) Circular No. 174 [1] Administration of FCTC Informe sobre Control del Tabaco 2011 PAHO Economia del Control del Tabaco Additional Resources WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2011
Country profile
Bolivia (Plurinational State of)
Note: Where no data were available, "…" shows in the table. Where data were not required, "–" shows in the table.
WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) status
Date of signature
Date of ratification (or legal equivalent)
27 February 2004
15 September 2005
Socioeconomic context
Population (thousands)
Income group
10 031
Middle income
Prevalence of tobacco use
Tobacco use data as provided by the country from the latest survey result available to WHO as at
1 November 2010
Adult prevalence, smoking (%)*
Male
Female
Total
Any smoked tobacco
Current
Daily
...
...
...
...
...
...
Adult prevalence, smokeless tobacco use (%)* . . .
Male
Female
Total
Cigarettes
Current
Daily
40.7
6.1
18.3
3.8
...
...
...
...
...
* Ages 15+, Centro Latinoamericano de Inves9gación Cien;fica (CELIN), 2010
"…" Data not reported/not available.
WHO age-standardized estimated prevalence of smoking among those aged 15 years or more:
Year 2009
Adult prevalence, smoking (%)
Male
Female
Total
Any smoked tobacco
Current
Daily
42
6
18
5
30
6
Cigarettes
Current
Daily
42
6
18
5
30
6
Country Profile: Bolivia
Tobacco control measures and programmes as at 31 December 2010
Smoke-free environments
2010
Public places with smoke-free legislation:
Health-care facilities
Educational facilities except universities
Universities
Government facilities
Indoor offices
Restaurants
Pubs and bars
Public transport
All other public places
Compliance score §
National law requires fines for smoking
Fines levied on the establishment
Fines levied on the smoker
Dedicated funds for enforcement
Citizen complaints and investigations
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
No
5
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
§ A score of 0—10, where 0 is low compliance.
Subnational laws on smoke-free environments
Subnational jurisdictions do not have the authority to adopt and implement smoke-free
laws.
2
Treatment of tobacco dependence
2010
Is there a toll-free telephone quit line/help line with a live person available to
discuss cessation with callers in your country?
No
Nicotine replacement
therapy (e.g., patch,
gum, lozenge, spray or
inhaler)
Is this product legally sold in the country?
Yes
Where and how can this product be legally
purchased in your country?
In a pharmacy
without a
prescription
No
Bupropion (e.g., Zyban,
Wellbutrin)
Varenicline
Is smoking cessation
support available in the
following places in your
country?
Does the
national/federal health
insurance or the
national health service
cover the cost of this
support?
Does the national/federal health insurance or the
national health service cover the cost of this
product?
Is any NRT on the country's essential drugs list?
No
Is this product legally sold in your country?
Yes
product?
Is this product legally sold in your country?
In a pharmacy with
a prescription
...
product?
Health clinics or other primary care facilities
Hospitals
Office of a health professional
In the community
Other
Health clinics or other primary care facilities
Hospitals
Office of a health professional
In the community
Other
In a pharmacy with
a prescription
...
3
Yes
No
No
Yes in some
No
No
—
—
No
—
—
Cigarettes
Smokeless
tobacco
2010
Health warnings on tobacco packages
Does the law mandate that health warnings appear on tobacco packages?
What percentage of the principal display areas of the package is legally mandated to be
covered by health warnings? FRONT AND REAR COMBINED
What percentage of the principal display areas of the FRONT of the package is legally
mandated to be covered by health warnings?
What percentage of the principal display areas of the REAR of the package is legally
mandated to be covered by health warnings?
Does the law mandate that the warning be placed at the top of the principle display areas
of the package?
Does the law mandate font style, font size and colour for package warnings?
Are the health warnings rotating on packages?
Are the health warnings on packages written in the principal language(s) of the country?
Does the law require that health warnings on packages are not obscured in any way,
including by required markings such as tax stamps?
Do the health warnings on packages include a photograph or graphic?
Do health warnings appear on each package and any outside packaging and labelling used
in the retail sale?
Does the law on health warnings apply to products whether manufactured domestically,
imported, AND for duty-free sale?
Does the law state that warnings on packages do not remove or diminish the liability of the
tobacco industry?
Do health warnings on packages describe the harmful effects of tobacco use on health?
Does the law mandate specific health warnings on cigarette packages?
How many specific health warnings are approved by the law?
Does the law require or establish fines for violations regarding health warnings on
packages?
Are there any laws requiring that cigarette packaging and labelling do not use misleading
terms which imply the product is less harmful than other similar products, such as “low
tar”, “light”, “ultra-light”, or “mild”?
Are there any laws requiring that cigarette packaging and labelling do not use figurative or
other signs, including colours or numbers, as substitutes for prohibited misleading terms
and descriptors?
Are there any laws requiring that cigarette packaging and labelling do not use descriptors
depicting flavours?
Does the law ban the display of quantitative information on emission yields (such as tar,
nicotine and carbon monoxide) on cigarette packaging, including when used as part of a
brand name or trademark?
Does the law mandate the display of qualitative information on relevant constituents and
emissions of tobacco products on cigarette packaging?
Does the law mandate that this information is displayed on one or more of the principal
display areas (front, rear) of the package?
Does the law prevent the display of expiry dates on cigarette packaging?
Is it mandatory for the quit line number to appear on packaging or labelling?
Does the law mandate plain packaging (ie. prohibit the use of logos, colours, brand images
or promotional information on packaging other than brand names and product names
displayed in a standard colour and font style)?
4
Yes
50
—
50
—
50
—
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
6
Yes
No
No
—
No
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
—
No
No
No
No
No
No
Bans on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship
2010
Direct bans
National TV and radio
International TV and radio
Local magazines and newspapers
International magazines and newspapers
Billboards and outdoor advertising
Point of sale
Internet
Other direct bans
Compliance score of direct bans §
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
No
7
Indirect bans
Free distribution
Promotional discounts
Non-tobacco goods and services identified with tobacco brand names
Brand name of non-tobacco products used for tobacco product
Appearance of tobacco brands in TV and/or films (product
placement)
Appearance of tobacco products in TV and/or films
Sponsored events
Other indirect bans
Compliance score of indirect bans §
Are there subnational laws or regulations banning some or all types
of tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship mentioned in the
above questions?
§ A score of 0—10, where 0 is low compliance.
5
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
4
No
Tobacco taxation policy as at 31 July 2010
Price of lowest-cost brand of cigarettes (Astoria y Casino)
A
Tax inclusive retail sales price (TIRSP) for a pack of 20 cigarettes
2008
BOB
3.00
2010
BOB
3.50
2008
BOB
8.50
2010
BOB
11.00
WHO's
comparable
estimate for
2008
WHO's
comparable
estimate for
2010
BOB
5.50
USD
0.78
BOB
6.00
USD
0.85
41
0
29
12
—
—
42
0
29
13
—
—
Price of Marlboro or similar brand of cigarettes (Marlboro)
A
Tax inclusive retail sales price (TIRSP) for a pack of 20 cigarettes
Taxes on the most popular brand of cigarettes (Derby)
Price of most sold brand, pack of 20 cigarettes
In currency reported by country
In US$ at official exchange rate
Taxes on this brand (% of retail price)
Total taxes
Specific excise
Ad valorem excise
Value added tax (VAT)
Import duty
Other taxes
ᄌ
ᄌ Individual categories of tax may not add to total due to rounding.
National tobacco control programme
Specific national government objectives in tobacco control
National agency or technical unit for tobacco control
Number of full-time equivalent staff
Government expenditure on tobacco control:
In currency reported by country
Year of expenditure
In US$ at official exchange rate
2010
Yes
Yes
2
......
...
US$ . . .
*****
6
WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2011
NCDs IN BOLIVIA
Sociodemographic indicators
80 +
75 - 80
70 - 74
65 - 69
60 - 64
55 - 59
Men
Total population (thousands): 10,088.1
Women
Average annual deaths (thousands): 72.9
Life expectancy at birth (years):
50 - 54
45 - 49
40 - 44
35 - 39
30 - 34
25 - 29
Total: 66.8 Male: 64.5 Female: 69.1
Adult literacy rate (%): 90.7
20 - 24
15 - 19
10 - 14
Gross National Income US$ per capita: 1,630.0
5-9
0-4
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
% of population covered by any type health insurance: ...
7
Burden of disease
RISK FACTORS
PROPORTIONAL MORTALITY (2008)*
Prevalence (%) of:
8%
Injuries
22 % Cardiovascular Disease
35 %
Communicable,
maternal, perinatal
and nutritional
conditions
8 % Cancers
5 % Respiratory
Diseases
3 % Diabetes
Current adult tobacco smokers
Adolescent tobacco smokers
29.8
24.7
16.6
...
...
...
Fruit and vegetable intake in adolescentsa
...
...
...
Binge drinking among adults
...
...
...
Low physical activity in adultsb
...
...
...
Low physical activity in adolescentsc
...
...
...
Overweight among adults (BMI 25-29.9)
50.0
40.4
58.9
Obesity among adults (BMI ≥30)
18.9
10.0
27.1
...
...
...
Overweight among adolescents (BMI>+1SD)
Obesity among adolescents (BMI>+2SD)
Adults with raised BP and/or taking medication
* Estimates based on a combination of country life tables, cuase of death models, regional
cause of death partterns, and WHO and UNAIDS program estimates
Females
35.8
20.8
Adults with diabetes mellitus
NCDs are estimated to account for 57 % of all deaths
Males
...
Fruit and vegetable intake in adultsa
Children <5 overweight
19 % Other NCDs
Total
...
...
...
8.7
...
...
...
...
...
37.8
41.5
34.1
Notes: a: % who eat ≤5 servings of fruit and vegetables per day; b: physically active for <600 met
minutes; c: physically active less than 60 min per day in 5-7 of the last 7 days; BP: Blood pressure.
Country capacity
SURVEILLANCE
POLICIES & ACTION PLANS
Is there an integrated NCD policy?
Yes
Is there an operational multisectoral
mechanism to coordinate the NCD policies?
Yes
Is there an integrated NCD action plan?
If the answer is yes, does it have:
Yes
Is there a budget?
Yes
Is there dedicated staff?
Yes
Does the information system include specific data on?
Specific cause of mortality
No
Hospital based morbidity
Yes
Risk factors surveys
No
Budget?
Yes
Measurable outcomes?
Yes
Are there disease specific registries?
Yes
Monitoring and evaluation component?
Yes
Is there a unique personal identifier?
Yes
Yes
Use of data for policy making and planning?
Yes
Yes
Established mechanisms for data dissemination?
Yes
Communications component?
Are there plans for specific diseases?
11
Country capacity
PREVENTIVE HEALTH SERVICES AT THE PRIMARY LEVEL OF CARE
Free?
Available?
All
patients
Free?
Available?
Limited
resources
CVD RISK ASSESSMENT
All
patients
Limited
resources
CERVICAL CANCER
BMI
Yes
Not specified
Blood pressure
Yes
Not specified
Blood glucose
No
Not applicable
Blood lipids
Yes
Not specified
Individual risk management
with a validated CV risk score
Yes
Not specified
DM AND CVD MANAGEMENT
Cervical cytology or PAP
Not specified
HPV DNA testing
Not specified
Visual inspection techniques
(VIA)
Not specified
VIA & cryotherapy in a single
visit
Not specified
BREAST CANCER
Blood pressure monitoring
Yes
Not specified
Clinical examination
No
Not applicable
Blood glucose monitoring
Yes
Not specified
Mammography
No
Not applicable
Blood lipids monitoring
No
Not applicable
COLORECTAL CANCER
HbA1C
No
Not applicable
Fecal occult blood test
No
Not applicable
Diabetic foot examination
Yes
Not specified
Digital exam
No
Not applicable
Electrocardiogram
No
Not applicable
Notes: HPV: Human Papillomavirus; DM: Diabetes mellitus; CVD: Cardiovascular disease; CV:
Cardiovascular.
SPECIALIZED CARE
Free?
Available?
All
patients
Free?
Available?
Limited
resources
CANCER DIAGNOSIS AND
TREATMENT
All
patients
Limited
resources
DIABETES MANAGEMENT
Colposcopy
Yes
Not free
Eye exams
Yes
Not specified
Diagnostic mammography
Yes
Not free
Chemotherapy
Yes
Not free
Photocoagulation for
retinopahty
Yes
Not specified
Radiotherapy
Yes
Not free
Dialysis
Yes
Cardiac bypass
Yes
Not specified
Angioplasty
Yes
Not specified
CVD MANAGEMENT
OTHER
Home care for patients with
terminal or advanced disease
No
Not applicable
NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES MEDICINES
Available?
Free?
All patients
Available?
Limited resources
Insulin
Yes
Not free
Aspirin
Yes
Metformin
All patients
Limited resources
Not free
Calcium channels
blockers
Yes
Not free
Yes
Not free
Beta blockers
Yes
Not free
Glibenclamide
Yes
Not free
Statins
Yes
Not free
Thiazide diuretics
Yes
Not free
Tamoxifen
Yes
Not free
ACE inhibitors
Yes
Not free
Oral morphine
Yes
Not free
Sources:
»» Sociodemographic indicators and risk factors: Pan American Health Organization. Non communicable disease project, health information and analysis project and
sustainable development and environment area: Non communicable diseases in the Americas: Basic indicators 2011, Washington DC, USA, 2011.
»» Proportional mortality: WHO. NCD Country Profiles, 2011.
12
Free?
»» Country capacity: 2012 Country Capacity Survey in preparation for the CARMEN meeting, completed by Absalón Pacheco Mercado, NCD National Program
Coordinator, Ministry of Health and Sports, Bolivia.
Centro Latinoamericano de Investigación Científica
REPORT ON THE GLOBAL YOUTH TOBACCO SURVEY (GYTS)
The GYTS is a school-based tobacco specific survey that focuses on adolescents aged 13 15 years. It is being carried out in several countries. Each country identifies the grades,
forms, levels, secondary(s), or standards corresponding to their students who are aged 1315 years. These grades (forms, levels, secondary(s), or standards) are the target for the
GYTS.
Sample selection
The GYTS utilizes a two-stage sample strategy: Stage 1 consists of selected (with
probability proportional to size) schools. The schools selected are from a list of all schools
containing the representative grades (forms, levels, secondary(s), or standards). Stage 2
consists of a random selection of classes (sections) from the selected schools. All students
in the selected classes (sections) are eligible to participase in the GYTS. The GYTS
assesses students' attitudes, knowledge and behaviors related to tobacco use, exposure to
environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), as well as school curriculum in school, community
programs, and media messages aimed at preventing and reducing tobacco use among youth.
The GYTS provides information about where tobacco products are obtained and used, and
information related to the effectiveness of enforcement measures. School surveys are
useful tools in gathering data as they are relatively inexpensive and easy to administer, tend
to report reliable results, and refusals are significantly lower than in household surveys.
The most common research approach for this specific population has been a selfadministered questionnaire. Therefore, all the above, reasonably justifies why a schoolbased survey has proved to be most appropriate, hence selected for the UNF Project on
Youth and Tobacco.
Selected Schools in Bolivia
This process had been made in coordination with CDC. CELIN had sent a list of private
and public schools from the cities of Santa Cruz, Cochabamba and La Paz, therefore, the
sample was stratified this way (public and private schools). The CDC made the selection of
schools where the questionnaire had to be applied.
The selected schools were the following: (see next page)
REGISTERED STUDENTS
CONTRY: BOLIVIA - CITY: COCHABAMBA
One primary class and two secondary classes
PUBLIC SCHOOLS
N°
SCHOOL
8th.
TURN
Male
1
8
9
15
18
23
24
29
31
34
41
42
43
47
56
57
60
74
77
86
Nacional 6 de Agosto
Nal. Eduardo AMaleoa
Liceo Boliva
Don Bosco
Internado Juan XXIII
JORGE CARRERA ACUNA
ANDRES BELLO
COCHABAMBA
PETROLERO SANADITA
LUÍS ESPINAL
VICTOR CABRERA
SANTO DOMINGO SAVIO
VICTOR CABRERA LOZADA
SIMON BOLIMALE
TECNICO HUMANISTICO NAL.
ELENA ARZE DE ARZE
MARÍA CRISTINA
GUNDALINA LOAIZA
VALLE HERMOSO
INSTITUTO LAREDO
TOTAL
M = Mornig
M
M
T
T
M
T
M
M
T
T
M
M/T
M
M
M
M
T
M
T
M/T
1st.
Female
90
79
84
82
68
64
84
31
25
27
22
504
69
84
42
100
26
18
491
Total
0
0
0
90
0
163
0
0
150
0
0
133
168
0
0
0
73
125
53
40
995
Male
91
193
2nd.
Female
139
194
87
54
87
51
110
36
44
39
51
142
51
15
139
49
15
15
810
15
31
838
T = Tarde (Afternoon)
REGISTERED STUDENTS
Total
230
193
194
87
0
0
105
197
0
80
0
90
0
0
157
139
100
0
30
46
1648
Male
74
155
Female
121
169
90
54
75
58
75
40
35
36
66
98
42
20
140
53
9
7
680
23
17
777
Total
195
155
169
90
0
0
112
150
0
75
0
102
0
0
118
140
95
0
32
24
1457
CONTRY: BOLIVIA - CITY: COCHABAMBA
PRIVATE SCHOOLS
N°
SCHOOL
TURN
1
2
5
6
7
8
16
18
20
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
34
35
36
38
42
46
47
48
50
LA SALLE
ANGLO AMERICANO
PEDRO POVEDA
DON BOSCO
MARYKNOLL
INS."DOMINGO SAVIO"
INST. AMERICANO
LOYOLA
SANTA MARÍA MICAELA
SANTO TOMAS DE AQUINO
PAULO VI
13 DE MARZO PETROLERO
ITALO BOLIVIANO
INST. EDU. BANCARIA
GERONIMO DE OSORIO
LA PROVIDENCIA
COLEGIO EV. EMANUEL
LIBERTADOR S. BOLIMALE
MY DESIDERIO ROCHA
SAN SILVESTRE
CENTRO EDU. VILLA OROPEZA
GUIDO VILLAGOMES
C.E.N.D.I.
DESPERTAD
6 DE JUNIO
TOTAL
M/T
M/T
M/T
M
M
M
M/T
M/T
M/T
M
M
M
M
M
T
T
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
8th.
Male
66
29
40
72
77
53
87
26
Female
51
40
25
17
22
5
28
27
22
23
14
100
36
55
53
51
19
22
10
29
18
20
17
18
3
13
23
5
17
25
22
16
669
627
1st.
Total
117
69
65
72
177
89
142
79
51
36
44
15
57
45
42
40
32
0
8
30
48
0
38
0
0
1296
PARTICIPATING STUDENTS
Male
67
32
37
76
89
62
55
33
2nd.
Female
67
39
39
15
18
10
26
20
33
107
55
53
45
51
16
16
14
24
38
16
14
18
7
8
38
9
37
6
20
20
681
12
6
667
Total
134
71
76
76
196
117
108
78
51
31
34
24
50
58
49
0
32
0
15
0
75
15
0
32
26
1348
Male
54
26
41
62
70
49
71
27
Female
52
47
41
17
14
9
24
21
26
79
60
68
46
50
16
12
6
26
24
25
17
19
11
8
40
13
32
13
18
8
618
7
8
639
Total
106
73
82
62
149
109
139
73
50
33
26
15
50
45
51
0
36
0
19
0
72
26
0
25
16
1257
COUNTRY: BOLIVIA - CITY: COCHABAMBA
PUBLIC SCHOOLS
N°
SCHOOL
TURN
8th.
CLASS
Male
1
8
9
15
18
23
24
29
31
34
41
42
43
47
56
57
60
74
77
86
Nacional 6 de Agosto
Nal. Eduardo AMaleoa
Liceo Boliva
Don Bosco
Internado Juan XXIII
JORGE CARRERA ACUNA
ANDRES BELLO
COCHABAMBA
PETROLERO SANADITA
LUÍS ESPINAL
VICTOR CABRERA
SANTO DOMINGO SAVIO
VICTOR CABRERA LOZADA
SIMON BOLIMALE
TECNICO HUMANISTICO NAL.
ELENA ARZE DE ARZE
MARÍA CRISTINA
GUNDALINA LOAIZA
VALLE HERMOSO
INSTITUTO LAREDO
TOTAL
M
M
T
T
M
T
M
M
T
T
M
M/T
M
M
M
M
T
M
T
M/T
5
6
5
4
43
4
6
6
4
4
54
7
5
69
77
5
6
6
3
4
4
84
Female
73
26
21
16
22
401
74
67
56
74
33
66
24
18
412
1st.
Total
0
0
0
43
0
128
0
0
140
0
0
125
151
0
0
0
59
87
40
40
813
Male
37
99
Female
50
63
85
41
56
39
65
31
39
38
50
82
35
15
128
34
17
11
532
6
30
519
2nd.
Total
87
99
63
85
0
0
80
121
0
70
0
88
0
0
97
128
69
0
23
41
1051
Male
29
76
Female
46
79
43
41
37
40
43
32
31
23
42
69
32
15
127
43
5
7
394
18
17
501
Total
75
76
79
43
0
0
81
80
0
63
0
65
0
0
84
127
75
0
23
24
895
COUNTRY: BOLIVIA - CITY: COCHABAMBA
PRIVATE SCHOOLS
SCHOOL
LA SALLE
ANGLO AMERICANO
PEDRO POVEDA
DON BOSCO
MARYKNOLL
INS."DOMINGO SAVIO"
INST. AMERICANO
LOYOLA
SANTA MARÍA MICAELA
SANTO TOMAS DE AQUINO
PAULO VI
13 DE MARZO PETROLERO
ITALO BOLIVIANO
INST. EDU. BANCARIA
GERONIMO DE OSORIO
LA PROVIDENCIA
COLEGIO EV. EMANUEL
LIBERTADOR S. BOLIMALE
MY DESIDERIO ROCHA
SAN SILVESTRE
CENTRO EDU. VILLA OROPEZA
GUIDO VILLAGOMES
C.E.N.D.I.
DESPERTAD
6 DE JUNIO
TOTAL
TURN
CLASS
M/T
M/T
M/T
M
M
M
M/T
M/T
M/T
M
M
M
M
M
T
T
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
3
4
4
5
4
3
6
5
3
3
3
3
3
4
3
1
3
3
1
6
2
1
2
3
78
8th.
Male
18
12
38
65
19
21
38
14
Female
11
16
23
17
19
4
27
25
22
22
11
23
18
25
11
49
16
21
9
28
12
20
13
18
3
12
22
5
17
24
22
16
431
375
1st.
Total
29
28
61
65
42
39
63
25
49
33
40
13
55
37
42
35
29
0
8
29
46
0
38
0
0
806
Male
18
28
13
32
41
22
31
30
2nd.
Female
14
39
19
14
16
10
23
20
33
54
16
34
43
47
14
18
14
15
37
15
13
19
8
7
33
7
34
6
13
17
422
11
6
462
Total
32
67
32
32
95
38
65
73
47
28
34
24
38
57
48
0
32
0
15
0
67
13
0
24
23
884
Male
15
11
20
62
26
21
32
24
Female
10
22
18
16
14
8
22
20
17
26
15
36
45
48
16
12
5
25
20
23
15
19
9
6
37
13
29
11
17
8
407
7
8
401
Total
25
33
38
62
52
36
68
69
48
32
26
13
47
40
40
0
34
0
15
0
66
24
0
24
16
808
SUMMARY (COCHABAMBA):
PUBLICS
N° of participating schools
Refusing schools
TOTAL
17
3
20
PRIVATES
Refusing schools
TOTAL
REGISTERED STUDENTS
COUNTRY: BOLIVIA - CITY: SANTA CRUZ
24
1
25
PUBLIC SCHOOLS
8th.
N°
SCHOOL
137 16 DE NOVIEMBRE
178 ALFREDO BARBERY CHAVEZ
202 ANGELA PINCKERT
236 ARGENTINA QUIROGA CHAVEZ
97 CARMEN ORTIZ DE PEREDO
154 COMPLEJO EDUCATIVO JAPON
214 COMPLEJO EDUCATIVO VICTORIA
177 ELFFY RIBERA DE BARBERY
228 HERNANDO SILES REYES
54 HERNANN GMEINER
131 HEROES DEL CHACO
242 HILANDERIA SANTA CRUZ
87 JAIME CANON
263 JOSEFINA GOITIA
86 LA SALLE
225 LAS AMERICAS
105 MAGISTERIO
91 MARIA GORETTI
11 MARIA VACA DIEZ
272 PALERMO 16 DE NOVIEMBRE
267 PLACIDO MOLINA
17 RAMON DARIO GUTIERREZ
174 SOR MARIA CRISTINA PEREZ
59 ZORAH DE CUELLAR
TOTAL
TURN
T
T
T
M/T
M
T
M
M
M/T
T
M/T
T
T
M/T
T
T
T
M
T
M
T
T
T
T
T
1st.
Male
Female
33
26
20
29
46
58
30
34
39
18
15
29
66
50
30
41
41
17
31
28
13
39
14
24
28
57
474
16
19
38
68
523
Total
0
59
0
35
58
112
108
60
75
80
35
0
59
0
52
0
30
43
0
0
66
0
0
125
0
997
Male
18
Female
45
20
19
24
25
28
32
48
54
29
20
22
28
20
23
39
13
40
13
70
90
110
61
78
87
43
110
575
124
758
REGISTERED STUDENTS
2nd.
Total
63
0
44
44
0
0
60
0
0
102
0
57
40
45
0
79
26
0
90
180
0
148
121
0
234
1333
Male
Female
24
27
20
23
25
17
22
34
25
27
38
15
21
47
15
23
37
12
53
10
47
79
71
42
43
75
67
90
459
80
650
Total
51
0
45
40
0
0
56
0
0
52
0
85
30
44
0
90
22
0
79
118
0
117
110
0
170
1109
PRIVATE SCHOOLS
8th.
N°
3
5
6
11
13
14
16
19
22
25
26
30
31
33
35
43
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
64
71
SCHOOL
MIXTO SANTA CRUZ
VIDA NUEVA
W. AMADEO MOZART
LAS AMÉRICAS
BOLIVIANO JAPONES
CAMINO DEL SABER
DON BOSCO
ALFA OMEGA
ANIBAL ROJAS PALMA
BETHESDA
BOLIVIANO AMERICANO
CORAZÓN DE JESÚS
CRISTO REY
DOMINGO SAVIO
ENRIQUE FINOT
JOSE MIGUEL DE VELASCO
JESUS GALILEO
LA SALLE
LIBERTADOR SIMON BOLIMALE
MADRE VICENTA UBOLDI
LUZ DEL MUNDO
PAHUICHI
NUEVA AMERICA
SAVIA NUEVA
LATINOAMERICANO
TURN
M
T
M
T
M
M
M
M
T
M
M/T
T
M/T
M/T
M
M
M/T
M/T
M/T
M/T
M
M
T
M
T
Male
9
Female
20
23
20
7
10
16
19
9
12
10
19
15
35
15
16
15
45
69
71
19
5
9
10
16
24
12
11
29
14
10
333
13
9
21
2
10
336
1st.
Total
29
0
39
39
16
22
0
25
35
30
80
0
140
0
0
28
15
0
40
0
25
20
50
16
20
669
Male
19
15
28
12
16
11
Female
8
15
18
18
16
9
10
18
18
43
10
32
22
37
45
47
16
9
10
7
16
16
14
16
30
13
11
360
18
14
30
16
9
352
2nd.
Total
27
30
46
30
32
20
0
20
50
40
80
0
92
0
0
26
16
0
32
0
32
30
60
29
20
712
Male
Female
10
19
13
12
20
19
21
22
16
12
15
10
10
16
25
41
10
25
15
44
21
39
9
8
21
4
22
20
9
10
29
10
8
313
8
10
36
12
13
351
Total
29
25
39
43
28
25
0
20
41
40
85
0
60
0
0
30
12
0
42
0
17
20
65
22
21
664
PUBLIC SCHOOLS
8th.
N°
SCHOOL
137 16 DE NOVIEMBRE
202 ANGELA PINCKERT
236 ARGENTINA QUIROGA CHAVEZ
97 CARMEN ORTIZ DE PEREDO
154 COMPLEJO EDUCATIVO JAPON
214 COMPLEJO EDUCATIVO VICTORIA
177 ELFFY RIBERA DE BARBERY
228 HERNANDO SILES REYES
54 HERNANN GMEINER
131 HEROES DEL CHACO
242 HILANDERIA SANTA CRUZ
87 JAIME CANON
263 JOSEFINA GOITIA
86 LA SALLE
225 LAS AMERICAS
105 MAGISTERIO
91 MARIA GORETTI
11 MARIA VACA DIEZ
272 PALERMO 16 DE NOVIEMBRE
267 PLACIDO MOLINA
17 RAMON DARIO GUTIERREZ
174 SOR MARIA CRISTINA PEREZ
59 ZORAH DE CUELLAR
TURN
T
T
T
M/T
M
T
M
M
M/T
T
M/T
T
T
M/T
T
T
T
M
T
M
T
T
T
T
T
CLASS
3
2
2
3
2
3
7
2
2
5
1
3
4
2
2
5
3
2
4
7
2
7
4
3
5
85
1st.
Male
Female
23
25
20
23
36
40
27
34
29
16
12
22
59
35
25
32
22
17
24
22
5
36
10
22
23
46
378
9
14
30
66
426
Total
0
48
0
32
45
95
75
52
66
51
33
0
46
0
41
0
19
36
0
0
53
0
0
112
0
804
Male
14
2nd.
Female
36
19
17
22
22
17
26
38
45
11
14
19
20
21
17
16
11
23
8
64
80
98
51
32
70
40
82
405
96
624
Total
50
0
41
39
0
0
43
0
0
83
0
31
35
36
0
39
19
0
80
162
0
121
72
0
178
1029
Male Female
23
22
18
22
22
16
17
26
18
22
36
15
15
42
12
21
33
10
50
11
38
74
64
30
23
62
36
298
480
Total
45
0
40
38
0
0
43
0
0
40
0
78
27
36
0
83
21
0
74
102
0
92
59
0
0
778
PRIVATE SCHOOLS
8th.
N°
3
5
6
11
13
14
16
19
22
25
26
30
31
33
35
43
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
64
71
SCHOOL
MIXTO SANTA CRUZ
VIDA NUEVA
W. AMADEO MOZART
LAS AMÉRICAS
BOLIVIANO JAPONES
CAMINO DEL SABER
DON BOSCO
ALFA OMEGA
ANIBAL ROJAS PALMA
BETHESDA
BOLIVIANO AMERICANO
CORAZÓN DE JESUS
CRISTO REY
DOMINGO SAVIO
ENRIQUE FINOT
JOSE MIGUEL DE VELASCO
JESUS GALILEO
LA SALLE
LIBERTADOR SIMON BOLIMALE
MADRE VICENTA UBOLDI
LUZ DEL MUNDO
PAHUICHI
NUEVA AMERICA
SAVIA NUEVA
LATINOAMERICANO
TURN
M
T
M
T
M
M
M
M
T
M
M/T
T
M/T
M/T
M
M
M/T
M/T
M/T
M/T
M
M
T
M
T
CLASS
3
2
3
3
3
3
Male
5
Female
16
20
18
3
8
16
10
6
10
3
4
3
6
6
19
10
34
9
13
10
45
9
66
65
3
3
18
4
9
8
3
16
24
3
3
6
3
3
12
7
22
12
8
288
13
7
17
2
8
288
69
SUMMARY (SANTA CRUZ):
1st.
Total
21
0
36
28
9
18
0
15
32
20
79
0
131
0
0
27
12
0
40
0
25
14
39
14
16
576
Male
4
10
26
16
11
8
2nd.
Female
6
15
17
13
15
7
8
16
15
40
8
30
17
36
42
45
11
8
8
6
15
16
14
13
30
7
7
301
15
12
29
17
7
319
Total
10
25
43
29
26
15
0
16
46
32
76
0
87
0
0
19
14
0
31
0
29
25
59
24
14
620
Male
5
11
19
21
10
12
Female
11
12
17
20
4
9
5
13
19
35
3
25
11
42
16
32
7
7
16
3
19
18
8
7
25
4
4
247
8
4
34
15
10
294
Total
16
23
36
41
14
21
0
8
38
30
77
0
48
0
0
23
10
0
37
0
16
11
59
19
14
541
PUBLICS
Refusing schools
TOTAL
25
0
25
PRIVATES
Refusing schools
TOTAL
REGISTERED STUDENTS
COUNTRY: BOLIVIA – CITY: LA PAZ
19
6
25
PUBLIC SCHOOLS
8th.
N°
6
8
9
17
25
28
30
139
44
49
50
71
73
86
89
97
98
141
121
128
SCHOOL
AGUSTIN ASPIAZU
ALFONSO PARDO UZEDA
ALFREDO MALEGAS
AYACUCHO
CLAUDIO SANJINEZ
COPACABANA
DANIEL SANCHEZ BUSTAMANTE
DON BOSCO PAMPAJASI
FELIX REYES ORTIZ
FRANZ TAMAYO
FUERZAS ARMADAS
JOSE MANUEL INDABURO
JOSE VICENTE OCHOA
LICEO FRANCIA
LICEO LA PAZ
LUIS ALBERTO PABON
LUIS ESPINAL CAMPS
MARIEN GARDEN
REPUBLICA DE YUGOESLAVIA
SERGIO M. VILLEGAS
TURN
M
T
M
M
T
M
M
M
T
M
T
T
N
T
M
M
T
MT
T
T
1st.
Male
30
16
45
Female
30
19
41
34
38
52
35
46
26
36
59
14
61
48
63
44
115
39
77
77
36
32
79
75
42
611
698
Total
60
35
86
0
72
0
0
98
61
0
84
122
58
176
0
0
71
156
152
78
1309
Male
Female
10
47
208
75
108
178
10
46
84
60
111
141
57
95
50
53
89
40
23
23
84
21
86
309
81
18
76
28
1070
48
1189
REGISTERED STUDENTS
COUNTRY: BOLIVIA - CITY: LA PAZ
2nd.
Total
0
20
93
292
135
219
319
0
110
184
90
0
46
0
309
165
39
162
0
76
2259
Male
Female
8
41
178
40
94
109
10
40
83
38
86
115
24
90
30
46
92
25
22
20
73
19
66
310
56
22
72
12
806
18
1033
Total
0
18
81
261
78
180
224
0
70
182
55
0
42
0
310
129
41
138
0
30
1839
PRIVATE SCHOOLS
8th.
N°
SCHOOL
1 AMOR DE DIOS
2 AVE MARIA
13 SAGRADOS CORAZONES
15 SAN ANTONIO
16 SAN CALIXTO
22 18 DE MAYO
23 18 DE MAYO
25 IGNACIO CALDERON
38 SAGRADA FAMILIA
45 MIGUEL DE CERVANTES
51 PETROLERO
57 ARGE3NTINO BOLIVIANO
60 BOLIVIANO NORUEGO
80 PANAMERICAN SCHOOL
86 SAN GENARO
88 SAN JORGE
89 SAN MARCOS
92 ADVENTISTA DEL SUR
95 INST. ADVENTISTA LOS ANDES
96 INSTITUTO AMERICANO
TOTAL
TURN
M
M-T
M
M
MT
M
T
T
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
Male
Female
25
71
25
71
78
67
69
92
72
71
28
13
29
5
33
19
20
4
24
22
7
11
38
109
574
2
21
30
118
600
1st.
Total
0
50
142
0
170
139
140
0
61
32
49
9
0
0
46
0
9
32
68
227
1174
Male
21
19
64
Female
22
21
58
107
79
71
77
93
37
15
37
6
95
46
13
24
5
15
20
22
11
25
57
111
739
10
20
28
6
14
45
103
658
2nd.
Total
43
40
122
0
178
156
0
188
83
28
61
11
0
25
40
50
17
39
102
214
1397
Male
Female
22
24
21
19
65
67
85
65
67
62
85
23
10
43
5
90
60
8
27
9
17
31
11
7
15
37
107
649
18
19
11
3
23
52
88
647
Total
46
40
132
0
152
127
0
175
83
18
70
14
0
35
50
22
10
38
89
195
1296
PUBLIC SCHOOLS
8th.
N°
6
8
9
17
25
28
30
139
44
49
50
71
73
86
89
97
98
141
121
128
SCHOOL
AGUSTIN ASPIAZU
ALFONSO PARDO UZEDA
ALFREDO MALEGAS
AYACUCHO
CLAUDIO SANJINEZ
COPACABANA
DANIEL SANCHEZ BUSTAMANTE
DON BOSCO PAMPAJASI
FELIX REYES ORTIZ
FRANZ TAMAYO
FUERZAS ARMADAS
JOSE MANUEL INDABURO
JOSE VICENTE OCHOA
LICEO FRANCIA
LICEO LA PAZ
LUIS ALBERTO PABON
LUIS ESPINAL CAMPS
MARIEN GARDEN
REPUBLICA DE YUGOESLAVIA
SERGIO M. VILLEGAS
TOTAL
TURN
M
T
M
M
T
M
M
M
T
M
T
T
N
T
M
M
T
MT
T
T
CLASS
2
3
6
5
5
4
4
2
6
4
5
3
4
6
4
4
4
4
3
5
83
Male
20
10
45
Female
26
14
35
31
35
51
16
46
13
31
31
27
50
43
41
38
94
36
18
43
31
440
23
31
58
39
536
1st.
Total
48
27
86
5
71
4
4
99
35
4
79
75
69
150
4
4
63
53
104
75
1059
Male
2nd.
Female
5
40
44
8
38
27
6
38
16
15
43
23
26
23
47
27
37
36
17
22
19
19
19
84
21
18
25
23
355
37
448
Total
48
38
164
65
94
85
54
99
88
64
162
75
108
150
88
44
100
97
104
135
1862
Male
Female
7
37
61
18
44
30
9
39
26
12
35
21
19
36
24
33
42
25
20
16
26
17
26
71
14
18
57
9
374
18
436
Total
0
16
76
87
30
79
51
0
52
78
49
0
36
0
71
40
35
83
0
27
810
PRIVATE SCHOOLS
8th.
N°
SCHOOL
1 AMOR DE DIOS
2 AVE MARIA
13 SAGRADOS CORAZONES
15 SAN ANTONIO
16 SAN CALIXTO
22 18 DE MAYO
23 18 DE MAYO
25 IGNACIO CALDERON
38 SAGRADA FAMILIA
45 MIGUEL DE CERVANTES
51 PETROLERO
57 ARGE3NTINO BOLIVIANO
60 BOLIVIANO NORUEGO
80 PANAMERICAN SCHOOL
86 SAN GENARO
88 SAN JORGE
89 SAN MARCOS
92 ADVENTISTA DEL SUR
95 INST. ADVENTISTA LOS ANDES
96 INSTITUTO AMERICANO
TURN
M
M-T
M
M
MT
M
T
T
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
CLASS
4
3
4
5
5
3
4
5
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
3
5
6
67
Male
Female
22
17
25
30
39
18
29
39
26
29
13
12
25
5
10
19
20
4
23
21
6
11
34
41
295
2
20
29
44
318
1st.
Total
0
47
47
0
78
44
58
0
23
31
45
9
0
0
44
0
8
31
63
85
613
Male
27
15
20
Female
29
18
35
27
32
18
28
26
37
14
13
4
35
43
13
11
5
14
20
20
6
25
56
45
401
SUMMARY (LA PAZ):
PUBLICS
2nd.
PRIVATES
9
20
20
3
14
34
35
370
Total
56
33
55
0
45
60
0
61
80
27
24
9
0
23
40
40
9
39
90
80
771
Male Female
27
32
18
17
39
15
24
18
22
25
8
18
3
38
52
4
16
8
16
25
16
5
15
18
31
301
18
15
6
3
22
25
37
335
Total
59
35
0
0
63
33
0
60
77
12
34
11
0
34
40
22
8
37
43
68
636
Refusing schools
TOTAL
20
0
20
Refusing schools
18
2
20
TOTAL SAMPLE SUMMARY:
CITIES
COCHABAMBA
SANTA CRUZ
LA PAZ
TOTAL
PUBLICS
4100
3439
5407
12946
REGISTERED
PRIVATES
3901
2045
3867
9813
TOTAL
8001
5484
9274
22759
PARTICIPATING
PUBLICS
PRIVATES
2759
2498
2611
1737
3731
2020
9101
6255
TOTAL
5257
4348
5751
15356
Objectives of the GYTS
The GYTS is a school-based tobacco specific survey that focuses on students aged 13-15 years.
The objective of this survey is two fold:
l) To document and monitor prevalence of tobacco use including: cigarette smoking and
current use of smokeless tobacco, cigars or pipes.
2) To better understand and assess students' attitudes, knowledge and behaviors related to tobacco
use and its health impact, including cessation, environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), media and
advertising, minors' access, and school curriculum.
The GYTS will attempt to address the following issues:
·
·
·
·
·
determine the level of tobacco use
estimate age of initiation of cigarette use
estimate levels of susceptibility to become cigarette smokers
identify key intervening Maleiables such as attitudes and beliefs on behavioral norms with
regard to tobacco use among young people which can be used in prevention programmes
assess the extent to which major prevention programmes are reaching school-based
populations and establish the subjective opinions of those populations regarding such
interventions.
Content of GYTS:
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Smoking status of youth
Age of initiation of cigarette use
Number of cigarettes smoked in lifetime
Frequency of smoking
Likelihood of smoking
Knowledge and attitudes toward smoking
Knowledge and attitudes toward cessation
Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) - amount/duration
Access to cigarettes
Exposure to media and advertising
School curriculum
Technical Assistance for the GYTS is provided by TFI/WHO and the OSH/CDC. The following
technical assistance is provided:
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Sample design and selection
Design of country-specific questionnaire
Training of survey administrators
Answer sheets and other forms
Development of survey administrator handbook
Answer Sheet scanning
General data management
Editing and weighting of data
*
*
Preliminary data report and data file
Preparation of reports
The application of the questionnaire in Bolivia
1.- In Bolivia, the application of the questionnaire was not difficult. The pupils found it easy to
follow and to fill. There were no questions about how to fulfill it, nor about the meaning of some
questions, as usually happens with other instruments.
2.- We had difficulties with some catholic schools and with the most of the, so called, “christian
schools” in the three Bolivian cities selected for the study, but specially in Santa Cruz city. Some
of them rejected the study and denied the access of our researchers to their schools.
Other difficulty was that during the process of data collect, the Bolivian teachers declared a
national strike.
This strike was not only of teachers but also of other social sectors. This was a serious difficulty
for our researchers because they could not find transport, or whatever and due to this, the study
was paralyzed. During the last 15 years, did not happen such social convulsion in Bolivia.
3.- All participant schools cooperated with our research willingly (except some catholic and
Christian schools, as was pointed out before). Perhaps one difficulty was that sometimes some
schools scheduled a calendar of work for CELIN which had taken too long (one or two and even
three weeks), especially when the sample included more than three classes of the same school.
About the questionnaire itself, some questions do not have the option “ninguna” (none) in 29 and
30 questions, or “No sé” (I do nor know) in questions N° 18, 19, 20, 27, 28, 31 and 32.
In Bolivia, specifically, missed the option 8th. Grado (8th degree) in question N° 57 which was
added by us with letter “E”.
In question 15th is missing the option Your parents used to smoke but they do not smoke any
more.
As this options missed, some pupils left these questions without answer, specially in Santa Cruz
city.
Coordination of the study
The coordination of the study had been made through E-mail with OPS (Washington), and CDC
(Atlanta) after a trip of the Coordinator of the study in Bolivia, to Barbados.
Note
The GYTS was carried out (field work) in Bolivia between August and October, 2000 (The
processes was interrupted for more than one month, due to a national teachers strike) in Santa
Cruz, Cochabamba and La Paz cities.
The product of the study had been sent to CDC on wednesday, November the first.
La Paz, November 3rd, 2000.
C:\Mis documentos\Gyts\Reportongyts(english)
Bolivia - Dental Students (3rd Year Students Only)
Global Health Professions Student Survey (GHPSS)
FACT SHEET
•
•
•
•
The Bolivia dental students GHPSS includes data on prevalence
of cigarette smoking and use of other tobacco products,
knowledge and attitudes about tobacco use, exposure to secondhand smoke, desire for smoking cessation, and training received
during dental school regarding patient counseling on smoking
cessation techniques. This information could be very useful in
monitoring and developing Bolivia’s comprehensive tobacco
control program.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
The Bolivia dental students GHPSS was a census of 3rd year dental
students attending the 17 dental schools in Bolivia conducted in
2007. The school response rate was 94.1% and the student
response rate was 97.5%. A total of 1,658 students participated in
the Bolivia dental students GHPSS.
Prevalence
Highlights
81.5% ever smoked cigarettes (Males = 90.1%, Females = 75.7%)
38.7% currently smoke cigarettes (Males = 51.3%, Females = 30.2%)
15.3% ever used any form of tobacco other than cigarettes (Males = 21.5%,
Females = 11.2%)
11.6% currently use any form of tobacco other than cigarettes (Males = 16.4%,
Females = 8.4%)
44.0% of ever smokers smoked on school premises/property during the past year.
43.5% of ever smokers smoked in school buildings during the past year.
Factors Influencing Tobacco Use
45.7% were exposed to second-hand smoke at home, during the past week.
70.1% were exposed to second-hand smoke in public places during the past
week.
27.1% reported that their school had a ban on smoking in school buildings and
clinics.
69.3% reported that their school enforced the ban on smoking in school buildings
and clinics.
88.6% thought smoking should be banned in all enclosed public places.
89.3% thought tobacco sales to adolescents should be banned.
71.7% thought there should be a complete ban on advertising tobacco products.
68.7% of current smokers wanted to stop smoking.
47.0% of current smokers ever received help/advice to stop smoking cigarettes.
68.9% were taught about the dangers of smoking during dental school training.
Role Model and Cessation Training
77.7% thought health professionals serve as role models for their patients.
84.3% thought health professionals have a role in giving advice about smoking
cessation to patients.
23.3% received formal training in smoking cessation approaches during dental
school.
92.9% thought health professionals should get specific training on cessation
techniques.
Almost 2 in 5 currently
smoke cigarettes and
11.6% currently use other
tobacco products.
Nearly 7 in 10 of the
smokers indicated that
they want to quit.
Seven in 10 were exposed
to smoke in public places.
Nearly 9 in 10 support a
ban on smoking in all
enclosed public places.
Close to one-quarter
received training to provide
patients with cessation
approaches.
More than 9 in 10 think
health professionals should
get specific training on
cessation techniques to use
with patients.
For additional information, please contact:
Franklin Alcaraz
e-mail: [email protected]
Bolivia - Cochabamba (Ages 13-15)
Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS)
FACT SHEET
•
•
•
•
•
The Bolivia - Cochabamba GYTS includes data on prevalence
of cigarette and other tobacco use as well as information on five
determinants of tobacco use: access/availability and price,
exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS), cessation, media and
advertising, and school curriculum. These determinants are
components Bolivia - Cochabamba could include in a
comprehensive tobacco control program.
The Bolivia - Cochabamba GYTS was a school-based survey
of students in 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th secondary, and 8th primary
conducted in 2003.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
A two-stage cluster sample design was used to produce
representative data for Bolivia - Cochabamba. At the first
stage, schools were selected with probability proportional to
enrollment size. At the second stage, classes were randomly
selected and all students in selected classes were eligible to
participate. The school response rate was 100.0%, the class
response rate was 100.0%, the student response rate was
89.2%, and the overall response rate was 89.2%. A total of
2,891 students aged 13-15 participated in the Bolivia Cochabamba GYTS.
Prevalence
53.1% of students had ever smoked cigarettes (Boy = 63.7%, Girl = 43.2%)
28.8% currently use any tobacco product (Boy = 34.4%, Girl = 23.5%)
24.0% currently smoke cigarettes (Boy = 29.7%, Girl = 18.9%)
11.3% currently use other tobacco products (Boy = 13.4%, Girl = 9.4%)
30.6% of never smokers are likely to initiate smoking next year
Knowledge and Attitudes
20.6% think boys and 18.0% think girls who smoke have more friends
15.5% think boys and 11.2% think girls who smoke look more attractive
Access and Availability - Current Smokers
18.7% usually smoke at home
51.3% buy cigarettes in a store
80.2% who bought cigarettes in a store were NOT refused purchase because of their age
Exposure to Secondhand Smoke (SHS)
42.7% live in homes where others smoke in their presence
60.9% are around others who smoke in places outside their home
80.4% think smoking should be banned from public places
54.5% think smoke from others is harmful to them
44.8% have one or more parents who smoke
15.7% have most or all friends who smoke
Cessation - Current Smokers
56.4% want to stop smoking
70.9% tried to stop smoking during the past year
76.1% have ever received help to stop smoking
Media and Advertising
74.2% saw anti-smoking media messages, in the past 30 days
80.3% saw pro-cigarette ads on billboards, in the past 30 days
73.2% saw pro-cigarette ads in newspapers or magazines, in the past 30 days
17.4% have an object with a cigarette brand logo
12.6% were offered free cigarettes by a tobacco company representative
School
44.8% had been taught in class, during the past year, about the dangers of smoking
22.0% had discussed in class, during the past year, reasons why people their age smoke
36.6% had been taught in class, during the past year, the effects of tobacco use
Highlights
• 28.8% of students currently use
any form of tobacco; 24.0%
currently smoke cigarettes;
11.3% currently use some other
form of tobacco.
• SHS exposure is high – over 2
in 5 students live in homes
where others smoke, and 6 in
10 students are exposed to
smoke around others outside of
the home; more than 2 in 5
students have at least one
parent who smokes.
• Over half the students think
smoke from others is harmful to
them.
• Eight in 10 students think
smoking in public places
should be banned.
• More than half the current
smokers want to stop smoking.
• One in 6 students has an object
with a cigarette brand logo on
it.
• Three-quarters of the students
saw anti-smoking media
messages in the past 30 days; 8
in 10 students saw pro-cigarette
ads on billboards and over 7 in
10 saw pro-tobacco ads in
newspapers or magazines in the
past 30 days.
Dr. Franklin Alcaraz del Castillo e-mail: [email protected]
Bolivia – El Alto (Ages 13-15)
FACT SHEET
•
•
•
•
•
The Bolivia - El Alto GYTS includes data on prevalence of
cigarette and other tobacco use as well as information on five
components Bolivia - El Alto could include in a comprehensive
tobacco control program.
The Bolivia - El Alto GYTS was a school-based survey of
students in 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th secondary, and 8th primary
conducted in 2003.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
representative data for Bolivia - El Alto. At the first stage,
schools were selected with probability proportional to
response rate was 100.0%, the student response rate was 88.6%,
and the overall response rate was 88.6%. A total of 3,131
students aged 13-15 participated in the Bolivia - El Alto GYTS.
Prevalence
School
Highlights
form of tobacco.
• SHS exposure is high – onethird of the students live in
homes where others smoke, and
close to half the students are
exposed to smoke around
others outside of the home; 2 in
5 students have at least one
parent who smokes.
• Over half the students think
them.
• More than three-quarters of the
students think smoking in
public places should be banned.
• Three-quarters of the current
it.
messages in the past 30 days;
close to 8 in 10 students saw
pro-cigarette ads on billboards
and over 7 in 10 saw protobacco ads in newspapers or
magazines in the past 30 days.
Bolivia – La Paz (Ages 13-15)
FACT SHEET
•
•
•
•
•
The Bolivia - La Paz GYTS includes data on prevalence of
cigarette and other tobacco use as well as information on five
components Bolivia - La Paz could include in a comprehensive
tobacco control program.
The Bolivia - La Paz GYTS was a school-based survey of
students in 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th secondary, and 8th primary
conducted in 2003.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
representative data for Bolivia - La Paz. At the first stage,
students aged 13-15 participated in the Bolivia - La Paz GYTS.
Prevalence
School
Highlights
form of tobacco.
• SHS exposure is high – onethird of the students live in
homes where others smoke, and
over half the students are
exposed to smoke around
others outside of the home;
more than 2 in 5 students have
at least one parent who smokes.
• Six in 10 students think smoke
from others is harmful to them.
• Over 8 in 10 students think
should be banned.
• Three in 5 current smokers
want to stop smoking.
it.
messages in the past 30 days;
over 8 in 10 students saw procigarette ads on billboards and
more than three-quarters saw
pro-tobacco ads in newspapers
or magazines in the past 30
days.
Bolivia – Santa Cruz (Ages 13-15)
FACT SHEET
•
•
•
•
•
The Bolivia - Santa Cruz GYTS includes data on prevalence
of cigarette and other tobacco use as well as information on five
components Bolivia - Santa Cruz could include in a
comprehensive tobacco control program.
The Bolivia - Santa Cruz GYTS was a school-based survey
of students in 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th secondary, and 8th primary
conducted in 2003.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
representative data for Bolivia - Santa Cruz. At the first stage,
students aged 13-15 participated in the Bolivia - Santa Cruz
GYTS.
Prevalence
Highlights
form of tobacco.
• SHS exposure is high – over
half the students live in homes
where others smoke, and more
than 3 in 5 students are exposed
to smoke around others outside
of the home; close to half the
students have at least one
parent who smokes.
School
• Over 6 in 10 students think
them.
• Eight in 10 students think
should be banned.
• Two-thirds of the current
it.
• More than three-quarters of the
students saw anti-smoking
media messages in the past 30
days; over 8 in 10 students saw
pro-cigarette ads on billboards
and in newspapers or magazines
in the past 30 days.
101216-TRA-SEke
Bolivian Customs Department
Efficiency and transparency
1
Unofficial Translation
National Legal Department
Circular No. 174/2009
La Paz, 10 August 2009
Reference: Inter-Ministerial Resolution No. 0003 of 14 May 2009 of the Ministers of Health and
Sports, Education and Economy and Public Finance adopting the specific regulation for the
administration of Act No. 3029 of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC).
For the purpose of information and dissemination, please find attached Multi-Ministerial Resolution
No. 0003 of 14 May 2009 of to the Ministers of Health and Sports, Education and Economy and Public
Finance approving the specific regulation for the administration of Act No. 3029 of the Framework
Convention on Tobacco Control, abbreviated FCTC.
Solicitor Reynaldo G. Guzman Amurrio
National Legal Officer
National Customs of Bolivia
La Paz, Bolivia, 4 August 2009
Special Edition No. 0124
Stamped 10 August 2009
Official Gazette of Bolivia
Multi-Ministerial Resolution No. 0003
14 May 2009
Specific regulation for the administration of Act No. 3029
Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC)
Multi-Ministerial Resolution No. 0003
101216-TRA-SEke
2
14 May 2009
Considering:
That, by virtue of Act No. 3029 of 22 April 2005, the Government of Bolivia has ratified the
Framework Convention on Tobacco Control adopted by the Meeting of WHO Member States held in
Geneva, Switzerland, on 21 May 2003 and signed by Bolivia on 27 February 2004;
That Supreme Decree No. 29376 of 12 December 2007 regulates Act No. 3029 and issues
provisions governing the trade and consumption of tobacco, and establishes health and education
measures aimed at preventing tobacco abuse and raising social awareness, among others;
That the control and reduction of tobacco demand is a national goal, education being the
primary mechanism for prevention and child protection, making it necessary to complement measures
to control advertising and trade in tobacco products with general preventive strategies.
That the Minister of Health and Sport, pursuant to article 90, paragraph (a) of Supreme Decree
No. 29894 on the Organizational Structure of the Executive Branch of the Plurinational State, is
responsible for formulating, promulgating and assessing compliance with health programmes in the
framework of national development;
That the Ministry of Education, pursuant to article 104, paragraph (e) of Supreme Decree No.
29894 of 7 February 2009 on the Organizational Structure of the Executive Branch of the Plurinational
State, is responsible for formulating, implementing, evaluating and overseeing educational policies,
strategies and programmes;
That the Ministry of Economy and Public Finances pursuant to article 52, paragraph (b) of
Supreme Decree No. 29894 of 7 February 2009 on the Organizational Structure of the Executive
Branch of the Plurinational State, is responsible for formulating, implementing, monitoring and
evaluating fiscal and financial policies;
That Supreme Decree No. 29376 of 12 December 2007, in the first clause of its final provision,
stipulates that the Executive shall approve the specific regulation for the administration of Act No.
3029 of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control;
Therefore:
The Ministers of Health and Sports, Education and Economy and Public Finances, exercising
the powers and authority vested in them by Supreme Decree No. 29894 of 7 February 2009;
Decide:
Single Article: To approve the specific regulation for the administration of Act No. 3029 of the
Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), its eleven chapters, 36 articles and six clauses of
its final provisions annexed, which is an integral and indissoluble part of this resolution.
For registration, transmittal, enforcement and archiving
Signed Ramiro Tapia Sainz, Roberto Iván Aguilar Gómez, Luis Alberto Arce Catacora
101216-TRA-SEke
3
Specific regulation for the administration of Act No. 3029 of the Framework Convention on Tobacco
Control (FCTC)
Chapter I
General Provisions
Article 1 (Purpose) This specific regulation for the administration of Act No. 3029 of the
Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) aims at fulfilling the first clause of the final
provision of Supreme Decree No. 29376 of 12 December 2007.
Article 2 (Scope) The provisions of this specific regulation govern activities relating to the
production, import, trade and advertising of tobacco products, and education and prevention of tobacco
use, at the national level. The central Government and departmental and municipal governments are
empowered to enforce compliance with these provisions in the framework of their competencies.
Chapter 2
Smoke-free environments
Article 3 (General prohibition) The prohibition on consumption of tobacco products in general
and protection from indoor exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke, specified in article 3 of Supreme
Decree No. 29376, cover the following:
(a) Any health or primary, secondary, alternative and special education establishment, be they
in indoor our outdoor, private or public environments.
(b) In all indoor premises of universities or higher technical education establishments.
(c) On any public transport.
(d) On any premises that sell, handle or work with flammable materials or substances.
(e) In the following indoor environments:
1. Environments used for any type of meeting, pastime, recreation or entertainment take
place, except private homes;
2. Work places;
3. Centres used for meetings, entertainment, recreation or leisure activities for minors aged
under 18 or suitable for all ages.
4. Shopping centres, galleries;
5. Cultural centres, libraries, reading rooms, museums and internet rooms;
6. Elevators, cabins, cash dispensers;
7. Any government building;
8. Airports, bus terminals, train stations;
9. Theatre, cinema and other indoor public events;
10. Sports premises;
11. Any food shop;
Article 4: (Indoor environments) For the purpose of the prohibition referred to in the previous
article, “indoor environment” means:
(a) All premises that are shielded from the weather by roofs and walls, irrespective of the
materials used.
(b) Primary, secondary, alternative or special education establishments; smoking in the garden
or outdoor yards is also strictly prohibited. Smoking shall be permitted in outdoor
101216-TRA-SEke
4
environments in higher education establishments (ordinary, institutes and universities), the
use of theses spaces may be regulated in the internal regulations of each establishment.
(c) Not covered by this definition are gardens and outdoor yards. In cases where they are
covered by canopies, roof shades, umbrellas or other, smoking is only permitted if the air
circulates freely.
Article 5: (Exceptions) For the purpose of application of article 3 of this Regulation,
establishments covered by paragraphs (b) and (e) and numerals 1, 2, 4, 8 and 11 shall be obliged to
maintain smoke-free environments, but might permit smoking in outdoor environments or, if
necessary, provide dedicated smoking areas, provided they meet all of the following conditions:
(a) That the rooms are duly identified and defined and physically separate from the rest of the
building.
(b) That the area is not an essential point of passage for the non-smoking population.
(c) That access is prohibited for minors aged under 18; the prohibition must be stated on a
visible sign on each entrance.
(d) That they are well ventilated or outdoors.
(e) That the quality and maintenance of smoking areas are not superior to that of other areas.
In government departments or facilities, the highest-ranking official in each section or service
shall be responsible for overseeing and establishing monitoring teams that ensure that civil servants
under their responsibility comply with the smoking ban, without prejudice to their existing functions.
Civil servants failing to comply with this regulation, irrespective of their rank or position, shall be
subject to pre-trial investigative activity in disciplinary proceedings and the application of penalties
established in Act No. 1178 on governmental administration and supervision. Managerial staff failing
to comply with this Regulation shall be liable to punishment for omission of the official duties. With
regard to users and/or the general public going to government departments or facilities, the authorities
of each establishment shall define the way in which compliance with the smoking ban in the sections is
monitored, without prejudice to the penalties provided in Chapter IX of this Regulation.
Article 6 (Tolerance) Owners of any centre used for meetings, entertainment, recreation or
leisure activities for adults over 18 years, in accordance with article 4 of Supreme Decree No. 29376,
may decide to permit smoking on their premises, but must draw attention to that fact at the entrance of
the premises by posting a sign of no less than at least 21 cm in height by 29 cm in width placed at the
main entrance with the following caption: “Smoking is permitted on these premises: Smoking
seriously harms the health of active and passive smokers – Act No. 3029”.
In cases where the owners of any centre used for meetings, entertainment, recreation or leisure
for adults over 18 years permit smoking on their premises and limit that permission to designated areas
only, they must meet all of the following conditions:
(a) Put a relevant notice at the entrance to the premises by placing at the main entrance a white
sign with black Arial-type lettering of no less than 21 cm in height by 29 cm in width with
the following caption: “This premises has designated smoking areas”.
(b) That the rooms are duly identified and physically separate from the other rooms.
(c) That they are not essential points of passage for the non-smoking population.
(d) That they are well ventilated or outdoors and equipped with air extractors.
Even where the tolerance towards smokers pursuant to article 4 of Supreme Decree No. 29376
applies to the entire premises, smoking shall be prohibited in areas of food preparation.
101216-TRA-SEke
5
Article 7 (Monitoring) In order to monitor the smoking ban on public transport, the pilot,
operator or conductor and support staff shall be responsible for compliance and monitoring together
with users and the transport agency. In case of incompliance, they shall be subject to the corresponding
penalties.
Article 8 (Warnings) The warnings referred to in article 5, numeral III, of Supreme Decree No.
29376 shall be printed on an area taking up at least 50 %, including borders, of both sides of cigarette
packets, cigarette packages, cigar cases or bags of pipe tobacco, covering the bottom 50 % of the front
and back side on white background with black Arial-type lettering, in accordance with the technical
specifications mentioned in the Annex attached, entitled: “Graphic regulation for the use of warnings
in packaging and advertising of cigarettes and other tobacco products”.
Article 9 (Validity) In application of article 5, numeral III, of Supreme Decree No. 29376, the
warnings referred to in numeral III of the same article shall be included in the manner set forth in
article 8 of this Regulation as of 13 December 2009 without a need for prior communication of their
content. From that moment, importers and producers of tobacco products shall be obliged to include
the aforementioned warning captions and any others the Ministry of Health and Sports may issue in
future.
Article 10 (Changes) The Ministry of Health and Sports, by Ministerial Decision, shall approve
the warning captions and pictograms applicable and convey them to the producers and importers of
tobacco products through their publication and insertion in a national newspaper, and provide national
and import industries with an electronic copy of the designs.
Starting from the date of publication, the producers and importers of tobacco products shall be
given 180 days to adjust the packaging of their products; after this date, tobacco products without the
new approved warning captions and pictograms shall not be dispatched through customs. Likewise,
once the 180 days following the publication of the Ministerial Decision have elapsed, national
industries may not fabricate products in packaging without the new warning captures and pictograms.
Article 11 (Pictograms) Once instructions are given for printing pictograms, their design shall
be handed out to producers and importers of tobacco products at least 180 days before their entry
into force, and shall be printed in the bottom 50 % of the back of cigarette packets, cigarette packages,
cigar cases or pipe tobacco bags, replacing one of the warning captures, respecting the background
colour and dimensions of the design handed out by the Ministry of Health and Sports.
Article 12 (Rotation) Once the approving Ministerial Decision has entered into force, importers
and producers of tobacco products shall use the warning captions and pictograms referred to in article
5. Paragraph III of Supreme Decree No. 29376 and others issued by the Ministry of Health and Sports
in future concurrently and on a rolling basis; i.e. they shall display all warnings simultaneously in
similar proportions on all bulk imports and domestic products.
Article 13 (Other warnings) Pursuant to the provisions of article 5, paragraph VII of Supreme
Decree No. 29376, on one lateral side, in Arial-type lettering and proportionate to the size of the
packet and the surface area to be used, the phrase “The smoke of each cigarette you smoke contains,
among other toxins, tar, which is carcinogenic; nicotine, an addictive substance; carbon
monoxide, a toxic gas found in car exhaust fumes; arsenic, a chemical used in rat poison” shall be
added, on 50 % of the remaining space on the same side, the warning “Sale to minors prohibited”
shall be applied.
101216-TRA-SEke
6
Article 14 (Misleading descriptions) In order to ensure that tobacco product packaging and
labelling do not promote a tobacco product by any means that are false, misleading or deceptive or
likely to create an erroneous impression about its characteristics, health effects, hazards or emissions,
it is forbidden to include or print on packets or packaging of tobacco products any direct or indirect
references to tar, nicotine, carbon monoxide or other emissions levels. Neither may this information be
used as part of a brand name.
Tobacco products may not claim that they:
(a) Represent a lower health hazard or are less harmful that other tobacco products
(b) Contain reduced levels or none of one or several harmful components of smoke
(c) Do not contain additives, are completely natural or organic
The use of the following expressions is prohibited: light, mild, organic, natural or any other
alluding to alleged properties that would make their consumption less harmful.
The Ministry of Health and Sports shall be competent to evaluate new tobacco products, based
on scientific data, and, if necessary, exclude them within the scope of this regulation.
Chapter IV
Sale of Tobacco Products
Article 15 (Prohibition of sale) The sale of tobacco products is subject to the following
prohibitions:
(a) The direct sale of products within less than one hundred (100) metres of any health facility or
primary or secondary education establishment.
(b) The sale of tobacco products to persons under 18 years of age.
(c) The sale of cigarette packets containing less than 10 units.
(d) The distribution free of charge of tobacco products for promotional purposes.
(e) The promotion or distribution of toys or sweets in the form of tobacco products or tobacco
related products that might be attractive to minors.
(f) The entry into the national customs territory of toys or sweets in the form of tobacco products
or tobacco related products.
Article 16 (Self-service) In supermarkets or other similar establishments the cashier or
salesperson shall be responsible for verifying that persons buying tobacco products are at least 18
years of age. Employers shall be held accountable for relevant offences committed by their employees,
unless express provisions are made in the company’s labour regulation.
Article 17 (Distance) For the purpose of the ban on the sale of tobacco products within less
than 100 meters from any health facility or education establishment, the distance shall be determined
by the shortest way from the public/pupil entrance and/or exit of these establishments to the tobacco
product vending point in question, including if they are located inside shopping malls or at designated
cash registers.
Article 18 (Loose cigarettes) The prohibition in article 15 (c) of this regulation shall cover the
sale of loose cigarettes and any cigarette packet containing less than 10 units.
101216-TRA-SEke
7
Article 19 (Samples) The provision in article 15 (d) of this regulation does not cover the
distribution of cigarette samples free of charge to persons over 18 years of age that voluntarily agreed
to participate in cigarette sampling.
Chapter V
Tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsoring
Article 20 (Ban on advertising, promotion and sponsoring) Any type of direct or indirect advertising,
promotion or sponsoring of tobacco products on radio, television, print media, billboards or any other
external medium is prohibited, pursuant the provisions of article 13 of Supreme Decree N. 29376 and
in conformity with this regulation.
Advertising of prices must not involve brand logos.
Article 21 (Points of sale) Pursuant to the provisions of article 13, paragraph II, of Supreme
Decree No. 29376, tobacco product advertising is permitted inside points of sale, subject to the
following conditions:
(a) Display of one of the warnings set forth in article 5, paragraph III, of Supreme Decree No.
29376 on 10 % of the display area, or of the period during which the advertising element is
displayed, in black Arial-type letters on white background and proportional to the
designated area.
(b) For product displays at the point of sale, the health warning shall be followed by the phrase
“Sales to minors under 18 are prohibited” in the same area designated for the warning
referred to in the previous paragraph.
(c) Tobacco product advertising may not include suggestions that promote the product by any
means that are false, misleading or deceptive or likely to create an erroneous impression
about its characteristics, health effects, hazards or emissions, it is forbidden to include or
print on packets or packaging of tobacco products any direct or indirect references to tar,
nicotine, carbon monoxide or other emissions levels. Neither may this information be used
as part of a brand name.
(d) It is prohibited to advertise tobacco products claiming that they represent a lower health hazard
or are less harmful than other tobacco products; contain reduced levels or none of one or
several harmful components of smoke; do not contain additives, are completely natural or
organic.
The use of the following expressions on any type of advertising element is prohibited: light,
mild, organic, natural or other health-related references.
Article 22 (Indoor advertising) Pursuant to the provisions of article 13, paragraph II, of
Supreme Decree No. 29376, staff in charge of points of sale shall ensure that indoor advertising is
located within the perimeter of the business location, and faces inside if there are any windows,
showcases and/or doors.
Article 23 (Advertising on street kiosks and elsewhere) For the purpose of the provisions of
article 13, paragraph II, of Supreme Decree No. 29376 prohibiting the display of tobacco products
visible from the outside in street kiosks, open-air stalls and any other type of street vending, “display”
means painting sales logos or labels on street kiosks, displaying of tobacco product logos or brand
names, or placing tobacco product displays outside street kiosks or open-air stalls.
101216-TRA-SEke
8
Article 24 (Targeted advertising) Smokers over 18 years of age may participate in advertising
campaigns or receive consented advertising of tobacco products, by way of material inserted in
tobacco product packets or other types of packaging or via the Internet, e-mail, telephone, text
messages or other, provided that the means used can reasonably ensure that the recipients are over 18
years of age and, in addition, smokers.
Chapter VI
Education and Prevention
Article 25 (Activities) The municipal governments, heads of primary, secondary, regular and
alternative education establishments, in coordination with the teaching staff and parents’ and family
associations and the community, and centres of higher education (institutes of higher education and
other education facilities), shall formulate an annual plan of activities aimed at disseminating
information about the harm caused by tobacco and preventing its consumption.
Article 26 (Course content) The subject matter “Prevention of drug use and awareness-raising”
shall be incorporated in the new curriculum (currently being formulated) as part of the organizational
health focal point and the organizational focal point for socio-communitarian values).
Article 27 (Further education) In the annual programming of educational and/or cultural activities,
national, departmental and municipal authorities shall take account of the following objectives:
(a) The implementation of information campaigns and campaigns to counter misinformation in
educational establishments about the risk involved in tobacco consumption, promoting
healthy lifestyles and behaviours.
(b) The implementation of education campaigns using mass media of social communication,
mainly aimed at fostering new generations of non-smokers.
(c) The promotion and planning of oversight procedures to ensure compliance with the regulations
governing the advertising, sale, distribution and consumption of products intended for
smoking.
(d) The development of social awareness of the right of non-smokers to breath air that is not
contaminated by tobacco smoke.
(e) The formulation of free assistance programmes for tobacco consumers interested in quitting,
facilitating their rehabilitation;
(f) Encouraging new generations not to fall into the habit of smoking, especially pregnant women
and breast-feeding mothers, highlighting the health risks smoking poses for their children;
(g) The dissemination of knowledge about smoking-related illnesses, their consequences and forms
of prevention and treatment.
Chapter VII
Information
Article 28 (Information) In application of article 8 of Supreme Decree No. 29376, all tobacco
companies and importers shall submit annual lists containing:
1. A list of all ingredients used in the manufacturing of imported or locally produced and sold
tobacco products, indicating maximum amounts used.
101216-TRA-SEke
9
2. Determination by brand of levels of the following components in the main smoke flow: tar
(ISO 4387), nicotine (ISO 10315) and carbon monoxide (ISO 8454), obtained via ISO
measurement processes, and backed by reports from a laboratory accredited under ISO
17025/IEC 17025:2005 and obtained through periodic measurements carried out at least
twice a year. The accuracy of these indicators shall be established in accordance with ISO
8243.
Chapter VIII
Monitoring systems for Labelling
Article 29 (Systems) Pursuant to the provisions of article 23, paragraph III, of Supreme Decree
No. 29376, for the purpose of establishing a monitoring system for labelling for tobacco product
manufacturers and importers, by law tobacco product packaging must be labelled in such a way as to
make it possible to determine whether the product is genuine or counterfeit, follow-up or track the
genuine product, and monitor and check the volume of production.
This provision does not force manufacturers or importers to adopt measures that are not
commercially feasible. However, pursuant to a decision by the tax administration, the cost of meters or
other production measuring tools may be financed by taxpayers, in accordance with the provisions of
article 10 of Supreme Decree No. 24053.
This system shall enter into force once a consensus has been reached within the industry, importers
and tax and oversight bodies, and must meet the following requirements:
(a) Apply a visible tag or set of visible tags consisting of secure alphanumeric codes on cigarette
packaging or any other primary or secondary packaging of other tobacco products, in such
as way as to identify: manufacturing date, place and manufacturing device, and the country
or customs territory where the product will be sold.
(b) Apply a visible tag or set of tags in the form of bar codes on cigarette crates or outside
packaging of other tobacco products.
(c) Ensure that the generation of the tag or set of tags is secure, with the goals of protecting against
their falsification counterfeiting, imitation or unauthorized reproduction.
Chapter IX
System of sanctions
Article 30 (Penalties). Incompliance with the provisions of this regulation shall be punishable by:
(a) Formal warning.
(b) Non-compliance with the provisions of chapters V and VI of this regulation shall be punishable
by a fine in legal tender equivalent to the value for the end consumer of between fifty (50) and
one thousand (1,000) special accounting units related to housing known as “Unidades de
Fomento a la Vivienda” (UFV)
(c) Non-compliance with the provisions of chapters II, III and IV of this regulation shall be liable
to a fine in legal tender equivalent to the value for the end consumer of between fifty (50) and
one thousand (1,000) special accounting units related to housing known as “Unidades de
Fomento a la Vivienda” (UFV); in case of recidivism, the fine shall amount to three thousand
(3,000) units of UFV.
101216-TRA-SEke
10
(d) Decommissioning and destruction of materials and products elaborated or sold in violation of
the provisions of this Regulation.
(e) Repeated non-compliance with the provisions of chapter IV of this Regulation shall be
punishable with temporary closure of the business premises where the offences are being
committed.
The offenders shall deposit the funds to pay the fine in an account the Ministry of Health and
Sports shall set up for the prevention of nicotine addiction and the rehabilitation of addicted smokers,
as well as purposes set forth in this Regulation.
Physical or legal persons having been punished who commit another of the offences provided
in this Regulation shall be considered recidivists.
Article 31. The penalties provided in paragraphs (b), (c), (d) and (e) of the previous article are
cumulative and shall be adjusted in accordance with their gravity or recurrence.
Article 32. The penalties provided in this Regulation shall be imposed through the national or
local health or business authorities that have adhered to this regulation, when necessary, without
prejudice to other competent bodies.
Article 33. The offences committed shall be punishable in accordance with the administrative
procedures established in the Administrative Procedure Act.
Chapter X
Implementing Authority
Article 34. The provisions of this regulation shall be complied with and compliance enforced
by units of the Ministries of Health and Sports, Education and Economy and Public Finance, in
coordination with departmental and municipal governments, the national police, and National
Customs, throughout the national territory within their jurisdiction.
These sections shall conduct ex officio inspections or inspections requested by the institutions
referred to in this regulation, in order to verify compliance with its provisions.
Article 35. In order to fulfil the objectives of this regulation, the Ministries of Health and Sports
and Education shall develop programmes, projects and actions for the prevention and fight against
smoking and, together with municipal governments, shall take measures to implement them. Likewise,
the Ministry of Economy and Public Finance shall coordinate measures relating to monitoring and
labelling systems with the tax authorities.
Chapter XI
Complementary provisions
Article 36. The monitoring activities set forth in this regulation shall be funded with resources
from:
(a) Fines collected;
(b) State budget allocations earmarked for this purpose;
(c) Donations and bequests made for this very use.
101216-TRA-SEke
11
Final provisions
First. The provisions of chapters II and IV f of this regulation shall enter into force 60 days
after its publication.
Second. Pending the entry into force of the provisions of article 5 of Supreme Decree No.
29376 concerning health warnings on cigarette packets and tobacco product packaging, the health
warnings established in Supreme Decree No. 27053 shall remain in effect.
Third. For the purpose of implementing article 8 of Supreme Decree No. 29376 on measuring
arsenic levels, this data shall be included in list No. 2 mentioned in article 28 of this regulation once a
relevant ISO method has been adopted.
Forth. The application of health warnings provided in article 5 of Supreme Decree No. 29376
shall take effect for cigarette packets and packages as of the date set forth in the provision. However,
its mandatory use in advertising elements shall come into effect 180 days after the publication of this
Regulation, pursuant to with the provisions of chapter V of this regulation.
Fifth. Once the Bolivian Institute of Quality and Standardization (IBNORCA) has adopted a
national technical standard or national technical specification for tobacco products, its application shall
be mandatory for manufacturers and importers of tobacco products as of 12 December 2009. Until
then, it shall not be necessary to supply ISO 9000 certification for the import of those products,
meaning products specified in article 2 of Supreme Decree 29376, but not raw tobacco imported for
the national industry.
Sixth. Smoke-free health facilities and primary and secondary, alternative and special education
establishments must be identified by cast-coated acrylic signs of at least 60 cm in height by 40 cm in
width, with the main caption written in a 80-100-point capital letters displaying the logo “Smoke-free
premises” and the following text: “In accordance with the Regulation to Act No. 3029, smoking is not
permitted on these premises. We invite our distinguished and valued visitors to partake in this
decision.”
12
101216-TRA-SEke
Graphics regulations for the use of warnings on cigarette and other tobacco product packaging and
advertising
Annex to the specific regulation for the administration of Act No. 3029
of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC)
Document drafted by:
Roberto Flores
Addiction manager
Ministry of Health and Sport
1. Implementation of health warnings on packages of 20 cigarettes
Health warnings must be displayed on both sides in the bottom half of the package and occupy 50 % of
its surface, including the borders. The warnings must be written in black letters on white background.
BACK
FRONT
Brand
Brand
Health
messages
Health
messages
50 % of the total surface area
Border-width: 0.5 mm
1.1
Example for the use of health warnings on packages of 20 cigarettes
BACK
FRONT
BACK
FRONT
Brand name
Brand name
Brand name
Brand name
A smoker
dies every
six minutes
A smoker
dies every
six minutes
Careful!
These
cigarettes
are killing
you
Careful!
These
cigarettes
are killing
you
13
101216-TRA-SEke
1.1
BACK
FRONT
Brand name
Brand name
Smoking during
pregnancy
harms your
baby’s health
Smoking during
pregnancy
harms your
baby’s health
Example for the use of health warnings on packages containing 20 cigarettes (continued)
BACK
FRONT
BACK
FRONT
Brand name
Brand name
Brand name
Brand name
Don’t harm
your
children by
smoking in
their
presence
Don’t harm
your
children by
smoking in
their
presence
Smoking may
cause cancer,
heart disease
and
respiratory
diseases
Smoking may
cause cancer,
heart disease
and
respiratory
diseases
BACK
FRONT
Brand name
Brand name
There are no
cigarettes that
are less
harmful to
your health
There are no
cigarettes that
are less
harmful to
your health
14
101216-TRA-SEke
1.2
Typeface used for health warnings on packages containing 20 cigarettes
CAREFUL! THESE
SMOKING DURING
CIGARETTES ARE
PREGNANCY
KILLING YOU
DAMAGES THE
HEALTH OF YOUR
BABY
A SMOKER DIES EVERY
SMOKING MAY CAUSE
SIX MINUTES
CANCER, HEART
DISEASE AND
RESPIRATORY
DISEASES
DON’T HARM YOUR
THERE ARE NO
CHILDREN BY SMOKING
CIGARETTES THAT
IN THEIR PRESENCE
ARE LESS HARMFUL
TO YOUR HEALTH
2. Use of other warnings on the lateral side of packages containing 20 cigarettes
The warning label on the lateral side of the package must cover 50 % of the total surface of the
lateral side and be designed in clearly visible letters and colour(s) contrasting with the design of the
package. The ban for minors must be indicated on the same side, in clearly visible letters and colour(s)
contrasting with the design of the package.
Space for the ban for minors
BACK
FRONT
Not for
sale to
minors
Brand name
Health messages
Text of
the
warning
on the
lateral
side
Brand name
Health messages
50 % of the total surface of the lateral side
101216-TRA-SEke
15
The surface of the lateral side of the package set aside for other warnings not occupied by the
warning label or the ban on minors may be used for printing other legal requirements.
2.1.
Examples of other warnings on the lateral side of packages containing 20 cigarettes
NOT FOR SALE TO
MINORS
LATERAL
Not legible
The smoke of each
cigarette you smoke
contains, among other
toxins, tar, which is
carcinogenic; nicotine,
an addictive
substance; carbon
monoxide, a toxic gas
found in car exhaust
fumes; arsenic, a
chemical used in rat
poison.
2.2.
Typeface used on the lateral side of packages containing 20 cigarettes
NOT FOR SALE TO MINORS
FREEHAND
The smoke of each cigarette you smoke
contains, among other toxins, tar, which is
carcinogenic; nicotine, an addictive substance;
carbon monoxide,
a toxic gas found in car exhaust fumes; arsenic,
a chemical used in rat poison.
ILLUSTRATOR
Not
legible
Not
legible
Not
legible
Not
legible
3. Use of health warnings on packages of 10 cigarettes
Health warnings must be displayed on both sides in the bottom half of the package and occupy
50 % of its surface, including borders. The warnings must be written in black letters on white
background.
16
101216-TRA-SEke
BACK
FRONT
Brand name
Brand name
Health
messages
Health messages
3.1.
Example for the use of health warnings on packages containing 10 cigarettes (continued)
BACK
FRONT
BACK
Brand name
Brand name
Brand name
Brand name
One smoker
dies every
six minutes
One smoker
dies every
six minutes
Careful!
These
cigarettes
are killing
you
Careful!
These
cigarettes are
killing you
BACK
FRONT
FRONT
Brand name
Brand name
Smoking
during
pregnancy
harms your
baby’s
health
Smoking
during
pregnancy
harms your
baby’s
health
101216-TRA-SEke
BACK
FRONT
17
BACK
Brand name
Brand name
Brand name
Brand name
Don’t harm
your
children by
smoking in
their
presence
Don’t harm
your
children by
smoking in
their
presence
Smoking may
cause cancer,
heart disease
and
respiratory
diseases
Smoking may
cause cancer,
heart disease
and
respiratory
diseases
BACK
3.2.
FRONT
FRONT
Brand name
Brand name
There are no
cigarettes that
are less
harmful to
your health
There are no
cigarettes that
are less
harmful to
your health
Typeface used for health warnings on packages containing 10 cigarettes
CAREFUL! THESE
SMOKING DURING
CIGARETTES ARE
PREGNANCY
KILLING YOU
DAMAGES THE
HEALTH OF YOUR
BABY
A SMOKER DIES EVERY
SMOKING MAY CAUSE
SIX MINUTES
CANCER, HEART
DISEASE AND
RESPIRATORY
DISEASES
DON’T HARM YOUR
THERE ARE NO
CHILDREN BY SMOKING
CIGARETTES THAT
IN THEIR PRESENCE
ARE LESS HARMFUL
TO YOUR HEALTH
101216-TRA-SEke
18
4. Use of other warnings on the lateral side of packages containing 10 cigarettes
The warning label on the lateral side of the package must cover 50 % of the total surface of the
lateral side and designed in sufficiently visible letters and colour(s) contrasting with the design of the
package. The prohibition for minors must be indicated on the same side, in clearly visible letters and
colour(s) contrasting with the design of the package.
Space for the prohibition for minors
BACK
Brand name
Health messages
FRONT
Not for
sale to
minors
Text of
the
warning
on the
lateral
side
Brand name
Health messages
50 % of the total surface of the side
The surface of the lateral side of the package set aside for other warnings not occupied by the
warning label or the ban on minors may be used for printing other legal requirements.
4.1.
Examples of other warnings on the lateral side of packages containing 10 cigarettes
NOT FOR SALE TO
MINORS
The smoke of each
cigarette you smoke
contains, among other
toxins, tar, which is
carcinogenic; nicotine,
an addictive
substance; carbon
monoxide, a toxic gas
found in car exhaust
fumes; arsenic, a
chemical used in rat
poison.
LATERAL
Not legible
19
101216-TRA-SEke
4.2.
Typeface used on the lateral side of packages containing 10 cigarettes
NOT FOR SALE TO MINORS
The smoke of each cigarette you smoke contains,
among other toxins, tar, which is carcinogenic;
nicotine, an addictive substance; carbon
monoxide,
a toxic gas found in car exhaust fumes; arsenic, a
chemical used in rat poison.
FREEHAND
ILLUSTRATOR
Not
legible
Not
legible
Not
legible
Not
legible
5. Pictogram
IMAGE
WITH BOX
The picture, including box, should occupy 50 % of the total surface of the back of each
cigarette package.
The required border-width of 0.5 cm should be strictly observed as shown in the regulation.
The file format provided to manufacturers or importers should in be high resolution, in
Illustrator or FreeHand, and should include photos in PDS (Photoshop) format. This file
must have a minimum resolution of 300 dpi in CMYK and must be printed in a minimum
resolution of 120 dpi.
5.1.
Use of pictograms on packages containing 20 cigarettes
The warning label should be printed on the bottom part at the front of the package and must
occupy 50 % of the total surface, including borders. The warning must be written in black letters on
white background.
The pictogram should be printed on the bottom part of the back of the package and must
occupy 50 % of the total surface, including borders.
20
101216-TRA-SEke
BACK
FRONT
Brand name
Brand name
Image with
box
Image with
box
Border-width: o.5 mm
5.2.
Examples for the use of pictograms on packages containing 20 cigarettes
BACK
FRONT
BACK
FRONT
Brand name
Brand name
Brand name
Brand name
IMAGE
WITH BOX
One smoker
dies every six
minutes
IMAGE
WITH
BOX
Careful!
These
cigarettes are
killing you
BACK
Brand name
IMAGE
WITH BOX
FRONT
Brand name
Smoking
during
pregnancy
harms your
baby’s
health
21
101216-TRA-SEke
5.2.
Examples for the use of pictograms on packages containing 20 cigarettes (continued)
BACK
Brand name
IMAGE
WITH BOX
FRONT
BACK
Brand name
FRONT
Brand name
Don’t harm
your
children by
smoking in
their
presence
IMAGE
WITH BOX
BACK
5.3.
Smoking may
cause cancer,
heart disease
and
respiratory
diseases
FRONT
Brand name
IMAGE
WITH BOX
Brand name
Brand name
There are no
cigarettes that
are less
harmful to
your health
Use of pictograms on packages containing 10 cigarettes
The warning label should be printed on the bottom part at the front of the package and must
occupy 50 % of the total surface, including borders. The warning must be written in black letters on
white background.
The pictogram should be printed on the bottom part of the back of the package and must
occupy 50 % of the total surface, including borders.
BACK
FRONT
Brand name
Brand name
Health
messages
Health
messages
Border-width 0.5 mm
22
101216-TRA-SEke
5.4.
Examples for the use of pictograms on packages containing 10 cigarettes
BACK
FRONT
BACK
Brand name
Brand name
IMAGE
WITH BOX
One smoker
dies every six
minutes
Brand name
Brand name
IMAGE
WITH
BOX
Careful!
These
cigarettes are
killing you
BACK
FRONT
Brand name
Brand name
Smoking
during
pregnancy
harms your
baby’s
health
IMAGE
WITH BOX
5.5.
FRONT
Examples for the use of pictograms on packages containing 10 cigarettes (continued)
BACK
Brand name
IMAGE
WITH BOX
presence
FRONT
Brand name
Don’t harm
your
children by
smoking in
their
presence
BACK
Brand name
IMAGE
WITH BOX
FRONT
Brand name
Smoking may
cause cancer,
heart disease
and
respiratory
diseases
23
101216-TRA-SEke
BACK
FRONT
Brand name
Brand name
There are no
cigarettes that
are less
harmful to
your health
IMAGE
WITH BOX
6. Use of health warnings on labels of other tobacco products with cylindrical packaging
6.1.
Horizontal health messages
There are no cigarettes
that are less harmful to
your health
BRAND NAME
Image with box
50 % of the total surface area of the side
6.2.
Vertical health messages
BRAND NAME
IMAGE
WITH BOX
THERE ARE
NO
CIGARETTES
THAT ARE
LESS
HARMFUL
TO YOUR
HEALTH
50 % of the total surface area of that side
Border-with: 0.5 mm
24
101216-TRA-SEke
7. Use in advertising material
7.1. Examples of vertical messages
Advertising
10
%
A smoker dies every six
minutes
Advertising
10
%
Careful! These cigarettes
are killing you
Advertising
10
%
Smoking during
pregnancy harms your
baby’s health
7.1. Examples of vertical messages (continued)
Advertising
10
%
Don’t harm your children
smoking in their presence
Advertising
10
%
Smoking may cause
cancer, heart disease and
respiratory diseases
Advertising
10
%
There are no cigarettes
that are less harmful to
your health
25
101216-TRA-SEke
7.2.
Typeface used for vertical formats
A SMOKER DIES EVERY
SIX MINUTES
FreeHand
CAREFUL! THESE CIGARETTES
ARE KILLING YOU
SMOKING DURING PREGNANCY
HARMS YOUR BABY’S HEALTH
DON’T HARM YOUR CHILDREN
SMOKING IN THEIR PRESENCE
ARIAL BOLD
BODY TEXT
SPACING
SINGLE: 0 Pt
ALIGNMENT: CENTRED
SMOKING MAY CAUSE CANCER,
HEART DISEASE AND
RESPIRATORY
DISEASES
THERE ARE NO CIGARETTES
THAT ARE LESS HARMFUL TO
YOUR HEALTH
7.3. Examples of horizontal messages
Advertising
10
%
Advertising
A smoker dies every six
minutes
10
%
Advertising
10
%
Smoking during pregnancy
harms your baby’s health
Careful! These cigarettes
are killing you
26
101216-TRA-SEke
7.3. Examples of horizontal messages (continued)
Advertising
10
%
Advertising
Don’t harm your children
smoking in their presence
10
%
Smoking may cause
cancer, heart disease and
respiratory diseases
Advertising
10
%
7.2.
There are no cigarettes that
are less harmful to your
health
Typeface used for horizontal formats
FreeHand
A SMOKER DIES EVERY
SIX MINUTES
CAREFUL! THESE CIGARETTES
ARE KILLING YOU
SMOKING DURING PREGNANCY
HARMS YOUR BABY’S HEALTH
DON’T HARM YOUR CHILDREN
SMOKING IN THEIR PRESENCE
SMOKING MAY CAUSE CANCER,
HEART DISEASE AND
RESPIRATORY
DISEASES
ARIAL BOLD
BODY TEXT
SPACING
SINGLE: 0 Pt
ALIGNMENT: CENTRED
ARIAL BOLD
BODY TEXT
SPACING
SINGLE: 0 Pt
ALIGNMENT: CENTRED
ARIAL BOLD
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THERE ARE NO CIGARETTES
THAT ARE LESS HARMFUL TO
YOUR HEALTH
8. Warnings for establishments
8.1.
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Warnings for establishments where smoking is permitted
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SMOKING IS PERMITTED ON THESE PREMISES:
SMOKING SERIOUSLY HARMS THE HEALTH OF ACTIVE
AND PASSIVE SMOKERS – ACT NO. 3029
29 cm
8.2.
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FreeHand
SMOKING IS PERMITTED ON THESE
PREMISES: SMOKING SERIOUSLY HARMS
THE HEALTH OF ACTIVE AND PASSIVE
SMOKERS – ACT NO. 3029
8.3.
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THIS PREMISES HAS DESIGNATED SMOKING AREAS
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9. Warnings for public institutions
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IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE
REGULATION TO ACT NO. 3029,
SMOKING IS NOT PERMITTED ON
THESE PREMISES.
WE SUGGEST THAT OUR
DISTINGUISHED AND VALUED
VISITORS PARTAKE IN THIS
DECISION.
40 cm
9.1.
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FreeHand
IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE
REGULATION TO ACT NO. 3029,
SMOKING IS NOT PERMITTED ON
THESE PREMISES.
WE INVITE OUR DISTINGUISHED AND
VALUED VISITORS PARTAKE IN THIS
DECISION.
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29
Printed by Talleres de Gaceta
Oficial de Bolivia (Workshops
of the Official Journal of
Bolivia)
Address:
Calle Mercado No. 1121
Building Guerrero
Ground floor
Telephone: 00591-2-214-7935
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
REPRODUCTION IN WHOLE OR IN
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PROHIBITED.
VISIT OUR WEBSITE
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OFFICIAL PRICE THROUGHOUT THE
COUNTRY Bs 10
Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia
Informe sobre Control del Tabaco 2011
Prevalencia actual del consumo de tabaco
42%
24,7%
18%
16,6%
Hombres Mujeres
Hombres Mujeres
Adultos
Adolescentes
NOTAS:
Prevalencia Actual para Adultos: Porcentaje de la población de 15 años
o más que fumaba algún producto de tabaco en el momento en que se
efectuó la encuesta, incluyendo fumadores diarios y ocasionales. Los datos
fueron estandarizados por edad para el año 2009.
Prevalencia actual para jóvenes: porcentaje de la población entre 13 y 15
años que consumió al menos una vez, algún producto de tabaco con o sin
humo en los 30 días anteriores a la encuesta. Los datos corresponden al
ámbito sub-nacional para el año 2003.
FUENTE:
Basado en los datos del Informe OMS sobre la Epidemia Mundial de
Tabaquismo, 2011: Advertencia sobre los peligros del tabaco.
Progreso en la implementación del CMCT OMS
en la Región de las Américas
Adoptado por unanimidad por la 56ª Asamblea Mundial de
la Salud del 21 de mayo del 2003, el Convenio Marco de la
OMS para el Control del Tabaco (CMCT OMS) fue el primer
paso en la lucha mundial contra la epidemia de tabaquismo. El
Convenio entró en vigor el 27 de febrero del 2005. De los 193
Estados Miembros de la OMS, 174 son Estados Partes en el
Convenio (julio 2011) convirtiéndose en uno de los pactos de
más rápida aceptación en la historia de las Naciones Unidas.
Bolivia firmó el tratado el 27 de febrero del 2004 y lo ratificó el
15 de septiembre del 2005. Como Parte en el Convenio, Bolivia
está legalmente obligada por las disposiciones del tratado. Los
siguientes gráficos muestran la situación de Bolivia en varias
áreas claves del tratado y cómo se compara con el resto de
los países de la Región de las Américas. El símbolo (3) indica
en cual categoría está Bolivia dentro de cada artículo, con
las categorías de color verde representando las políticas más
completas.
Situación regional
Distribución de países
según progreso en la
implementación del CMCT
Situación nacional
Artículo 6: Medidas relacionadas con los precios e impuestos para reducir la demanda de tabaco
Criterio: Porcentaje del precio del paquete que corresponde a impuestos
3
>75% del precio al por menor de un paquete de 20 cigarrillos corresponde a los impuestos al tabaco
51–75% del precio al por menor de un paquete de 20 cigarrillos corresponde a los impuestos al tabaco
26–50% del precio al por menor de un paquete de 20 cigarrillos corresponde a los impuestos al tabaco
≤ 25% del precio al por menor de un paquete de 20 cigarrillos corresponde a los impuestos al tabaco
No se notificaron datos
Artículo 8: Protección contra la exposición al humo de tabaco
Criterio: Número de tipos de espacios públicos que son totalmente libres de humo de tabaco
3
Todos los lugares públicos y de trabajo cerrados son totalmente libres de humo de tabaco
(o al menos 90% de la población está cubierta por legislación subnacional)
Igual que la categoría anterior pero esta pendiente la reglamentación y/o la implementación
De seis a siete tipos de lugares públicos y de trabajo cerrados totalmente libres de humo de tabaco
De tres a cinco tipos de lugares públicos y de trabajo cerrados totalmente libres de humo de tabaco
Hasta dos tipos de lugares públicos y de trabajo cerrados totalmente libres de humo de tabaco
Artículo 11: Empaquetado y etiquetado de los productos de tabaco
Criterio: Tamaño y contenido de advertencias sanitarias en productos de tabaco
3
Advertencia sanitaria grande (que cubre un 50% promedio del frente y dorso del paquete)
con todas las características apropiadas1
Igual, pero está pendiente la reglamentación y/o implementación
Advertencia sanitaria de tamaño medio (con un promedio del frente y dorso entre 30% y 49%) con todas las características
o advertencias sanitarias grandes (promedio de 50% frente y dorso) pero falta una o más características apropiadas1
Advertencia sanitaria de tamaño medio (promedio de frente y dorso entre 30% y 49%) pero falta una o más características
apropiadas o advertencia sanitaria grande (promedio de al menos 50% de frente y dorso) pero faltan cuatro o más características
apropiadas1
Ley aprobada, pero la reglamentación e implementación pendientes. Con la información contenida en la ley
no se puede clasificar al país
Ningúna advertencia sanitaria o advertencia sanitaria pequeña (promedio en el frente y dorso del paquete de menos de 30%)
Artículo 13: Publicidad, promoción y patrocinio del tabaco
Criterio: Número de prohibiciones según medio de publicidad directa e indirecta2
3
Prohibición de toda forma de publicidad directa e indirecta3
Prohibición en televisión, radio, y medios impresos nacionales, así como algunas pero no todas las otras formas de publicidad
directa y/o indirecta3
Solo prohibición en televisión, radio y en medios impresos nacionales
Ausencia de prohibiciones, o prohibiciones que no cubren televisión, radio y medios impresos nacionales
Artículo 14: Medidas de reducción de la demanda relativas a la dependencia y al abandono del tabaco
Criterio: Disponibilidad en el país de tratamientos de la dependencia del tabaco y cobertura de gastos
Hay disponibilidad de línea telefónica de cesación y de servicios de cesación (SC)3 con terapias de sustitución nicotínica (TSN)
con cobertura total de costos
Hay disponibilidad de TSN y/o de algunos SC3, al menos uno de ellos tiene cobertura de costos
3
Hay disponibilidad de TSN y/o de algunos SC3, pero ninguno de ellos tiene cobertura de costos
Ninguno
1 Consulte la tabla en la página 5 para ver la lista de características apropiadas.
2 Consulte la tabla en la página 6 para ver la lista de las formas de publicidad directa e indirecta.
3 Apoyo para cesación disponible en cualquiera de los siguientes lugares: centros de salud u otros servicios de atención
primaria, hospitales, oficinas de profesionales de la salud, o en la comunidad.
Número total
de países en la Región
de las Américas: 35
Los números en las gráficas indican el número
de países en cada categoría.
Para información sobre el estado especifico de cada
país, visite www.paho.org/tobacco
Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia • Página 2
Precios e impuestos
Artículo 6: Medidas relacionadas con los precios e impuestos para reducir la demanda de tabaco
¿Sabías que...?
En virtud del Artículo 6 del CMCT OMS, las Partes reconocen
que las medidas relacionadas con los precios e impuestos son
un medio eficaz e importante para que diversos sectores de
la población, en particular los jóvenes, reduzcan su consumo
de tabaco. Cada Parte deberá aplicar políticas fiscales y de
precios a los productos de tabaco, incluyendo la prohibición o
restricción, según proceda, de la venta libre de impuestos de
productos de tabaco a fin de contribuir a los objetivos de salud
tendientes a la reducción de su consumo. Las Partes también
deberán informar sobre las tasas impositivas y las tendencias
de consumo periódicamente a la Conferencia de las Partes.
• Aumentar los precios del tabaco mediante un incremento
significativo de los impuestos constituye la medida individual
más eficaz para disminuir el consumo de tabaco y para
alentar a sus consumidores a abandonarlo. Los aumentos
de los impuestos son muy importantes para disuadir del
consumo de tabaco a los jóvenes y a las personas de bajos
ingresos. También benefician directamente a los gobiernos
porque les permite aumentar sus ingresos fiscales, y éstos a
su vez pueden utilizarse en el control del tabaco y en otros
programas sanitarios y sociales.
En Bolivia el precio de la marca de cigarrillos más vendida es
de PPP$ 2,15 y los impuestos comprenden el 42% del precio
de venta final. El precio en PPP$ en Bolivia es más bajo
que el promedio de la región (PPP% 3,93) y la porción de
dicho precio que corresponde a impuestos es más baja que el
promedio en la región (45%).
• No todos los impuestos al tabaco son igualmente efectivos.
Los impuestos especiales o al consumo tienen un mayor
efecto ya que se aplican de manera exclusiva al tabaco
(o en conjunto con un número reducido de productos como
alcohol y combustible) y por tanto tienen la capacidad de
encarecer el tabaco en relación a otros productos. Ello, a
diferencia de los impuestos al valor agregado (IVA) que se
aplican a un gran número de productos por igual.
• Existen diferentes tipos de impuestos especiales: los fijados
en un monto fijo (específicos) y los fijados en un porcentaje
(ad valorem). La elección entre ambos tipos es un tema
de discusión. Sin embargo, existe información que sugiere
que los impuestos específicos tienden a aumentar el precio
al consumidor más que los ad valorem así como que
combinarlos es una buena opción: El precio promedio en los
países que usan una combinación de específico y ad valorem
es de PPP$ 4,42 (en los que se apoyan más en específicos)
y de PPP$ 3,40 (en los que se apoyan más en ad valorem).
Entre los que usan un tipo o el otro, el precio promedio es
de PPP$ 4,51 entre los que sólo usan específicos y PPP$
2,38 entre los que sólo usan ad valorem.
Precios e impuestos al tabaco en Bolivia, 2010
Precio de una cajetilla de 20 cigarrillos de la marca
más vendida
En Bolivianos
BOB
6,00
En dólares internacionales, 2010
PPP$
2,15
Porcentaje del precio que corresponde a impuestos
Impuestos de tipo específico
0%
Impuestos de tipo ad valorem
29%
Derechos de importación
0%
Total de impuestos
42%
1
• En la región de las Américas de los 33 países que notificaron
datos 14 países aplican impuesto sólo del tipo específico,
13 países aplican sólo del tipo ad valorem y únicamente
4 países tienen sistemas combinados (2 países aplican
impuestos que no entran en las categorías de tipo específico
o ad valorem).
1 El impuesto total incluye algunos impuestos que no entran en las categorías
de impuestos de tipo específico, impuestos de tipo ad valorem o de derechos de
importación.
Precio de un paquete de cigarrillos de la marca más vendida
y proporción de él que corresponde a impuestos, 2010
$10,00
porción de impuesto
$8,00
$6,00
$4,00
$2,00
Paraguay
Colombia
Brasil
Ecuador
Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia
Argentina
Costa Rica
Perú
Dominica
Suriname
Guatemala
Honduras
San Cristóbal y Nevis
Antigua y Barbuda
Bahamas
Trinidad y Tabago
Guyana
El Salvador
México
Nicaragua
Chile
San Vicente y las Granadinas
Uruguay
Belice
Santa Lucía
Panamá
Granada
República Dominicana
República Bolivariana de Venezuela
Canadá
Estados Unidos de América
Jamaica
$0,00
Barbados
Precio (dólares internacionales, 2010)
$12,00
Fuentes: Basado en los datos del Informe OMS sobre
la Epidemia Mundial del Tabaco, 2011: Advertencia
sobre los peligros del tabaco. Los datos están
actualizados a julio del 2010; cualquier incremento
de impuestos o precios posterior a esta fecha no
está reflejado.
Ambientes libres de humo de tabaco
Artículo 8: Protección contra la exposición al humo de tabaco
El Artículo 8 del CMCT OMS y sus Directrices requieren
que las Partes protejan a todas las personas contra
la exposición al humo de tabaco. En el marco de este
artículo, las Partes reconocen que la ciencia ha demostrado
inequívocamente que la exposición al humo de tabaco ajeno
causa muerte, enfermedad y discapacidad. Cada Parte se
compromete a adoptar medidas legislativas que protejan de
la exposición al humo de tabaco en los lugares de trabajo
interiores, lugares públicos cerrados, transporte público y
otros lugares públicos.
¿Sabías que...?
En Bolivia la población está protegida por ley de la exposición
al humo de tabaco ajeno en los centros sanitarios, centros
docentes, sin incluir universidades, en las oficinas de gobierno
y en el transporte público.
• El apoyo a los lugares públicos libres de humo de tabaco es
abrumador. Los mismos benefician tanto a los no fumadores
como a los fumadores al reducir la exposición al humo de
tabaco ajeno entre no fumadores y reducir el consumo
de cigarrillos entre los fumadores. Además disminuyen la
aceptabilidad social de fumar, desestimulando la iniciación
en los jóvenes.
En la región de las Américas, ya hay trece países que han aprobado leyes protegiendo a toda la población sin excepciones de
la exposición al humo de tabaco ajeno, aunque no todos han
implementado o regulado la legislación. En estos países todos
los lugares mencionados en la tabla siguiente son totalmente
libres de humo de tabaco.
Legislación de ambientes libres de humo de tabaco
en Bolivia, 2011
• Varios organismos competentes han determinado que el
humo de tabaco ajeno contiene carcinógenos para los
cuales no existe ningún nivel seguro de exposición.
• La única manera de proteger efectivamente a las personas
es proporcionar ambientes 100% libres de humo de tabaco.
Otros enfoques, como la ventilación, la filtración del aire y
el uso de áreas designadas para fumadores no protegen a
las personas contra la exposición al humo de tabaco.
• Las leyes de ambientes libres de humo de tabaco, producen
no solo beneficios para la salud a largo plazo, como por
ejemplo la disminución de la incidencia de cáncer de
pulmón en no fumadores, sino también en el corto plazo,
con disminución de las admisiones hospitalarias por infarto
agudo de miocardio.
Afiche de una campaña de ambientes libre de humo de
tabaco en Uruguay.
Espacios públicos y lugares de trabajo libres de humo*
Centros sanitarios
Sí
Centros docentes (No universidades)
Sí
Universidades
No
Edificios gubernamentales
Sí
Oficinas cerradas
No
Restaurantes
No
Bares
No
Transporte público
Sí
* Un ambiente totalmente libre de humo de tabaco es aquel donde no se
permite fumar en ningún momento, en ninguna área de su interior y bajo
ninguna circunstancia. Para que una categoría alcance esta denominación, todos
los establecimientos comprendidos en la misma deben cumplir estos requisitos.
Fuentes: Basado en los datos del Informe OMS sobre la Epidemia Mundial del Tabaco, 2011: Advertencia sobre los peligros del tabaco. En aquellos países dónde se
aprobó legislación en fecha posterior al cierre del informe los datos fueran actualizados a julio del 2011 por el Equipo de Control de Tabaco de la OPS.
Advertencias sanitarias
Artículo 11: Empaquetado y etiquetado de los productos de tabaco
El Artículo 11 del CMCT OMS y sus Directrices requieren
que cada Parte adopte medidas que incluyan la presentación
de una serie rotativa de advertencias sanitarias y otros
mensajes apropiados en los paquetes de productos de tabaco,
que cubran idealmente el 50% o más de las superficies
principales expuestas y que preferentemente incluyan
imágenes o pictogramas, entre otras. Las Partes también se
asegurarán de que en el empaquetado y etiquetado no se
promocione un producto de tabaco de manera falsa, equívoca,
engañosa o que pueda directa o indirectamente crear una
impresión errónea sobre sus características, efectos para la
salud, riesgos o emisiones.
En Bolivia la ley sobre advertencias sanitarias cumple con
los mandatos del CMCT y sus directrices. Las imágenes
entrarán en vigencia a fin del año 2011.
A la izquierda: ejemplo de
una cajetilla de Bolivia.
Abajo: un ejemplo de una
advertencia sanitaria gráfica
de Uruguay que cubre el
80% de las principales
superficies expuestas.
¿Sabías que...?
• Las advertencias sanitarias grandes, enérgicas y con
imágenes salvan vidas. Son más efectivas que una
advertencia pequeña o sólo de texto.
• Cuando se muestran los daños causados por el tabaco
las advertencias resultan particularmente efectivas para
comunicar riesgo y motivar cambios de comportamiento
como dejar de fumar.
• Las imágenes permiten trasmitir el mensaje sanitario a
poblaciones no alfabetizadas.
• Las advertencias gráficas también pueden tener un efecto
disuasorio para los jóvenes, al reducir el atractivo general de
los paquetes de tabaco.
Advertencias sanitarias en productos de tabaco en
Bolivia, 2011
Características de las advertencias
sanitarias
Cigarrillos
Prohibido usar términos engañosos como
“suave” o “bajo contenido de alquitrán” etc.
Sí
La ley manda advertencias específicas
Sí
% de las caras principales (promedio del
frente y dorso) cubierto por la advertencia
50%
% de la cara delantera cubierto por la
advertencia
50%
% de la cara de atrás cubierto por la
advertencia
50%
Número de advertencias aprobadas por la ley
6
Las advertencias aparecen en cada paquete y
fuera del paquete*
Sí
Las advertencias describen los efectos nocivos
del tabaco para la salud*
Sí
¿Exige la ley que las advertencias tengan
una fuente de un estilo, tamaño y color
determinados?*
Sí
La serie de advertencias es rotativa*
Sí
Las advertencias están escritas en el idioma
principal del país*
Sí
Las advertencias incluyen alguna imagen
Sí
* Estos indicadores incluyen las características usadas para evaluar el estado de
las regulaciones de cada país que se muestra en la página 2.
Fuentes: Basado en los datos del Informe OMS sobre la Epidemia Mundial del Tabaco, 2011: Advertencia sobre los peligros del tabaco. En aquellos países dónde se aprobó
legislación en fecha posterior al cierre del informe los datos fueran actualizados a julio del 2011 por el Equipo de Control de Tabaco de la OPS.
Prohibición de la publicidad, promoción,
y patrocinio del tabaco
Artículo 13: Publicidad, promoción y patrocinio del tabaco
En virtud del Artículo 13 del CMCT OMS y sus Directrices,
las Partes reconocen que una prohibición total de la publicidad,
la promoción y el patrocinio reduciría el consumo de productos
del tabaco. El CMCT OMS requiere que se proceda a dicha
prohibición dentro de los cinco años de la entrada en vigencia
del tratado. La Parte que no esté en condiciones de proceder a
una prohibición total debido a su constitución o sus principios
constitucionales, aplicará las siguientes restricciones: prohibirá
la publicidad falsa o engañosa, exigirá que las advertencias
sanitarias acompañen toda la publicidad, restringirá el uso de
incentivos que fomenten la compra de productos del tabaco, y
prohibirá o restringirá la publicidad, promoción y patrocinio en
la mayor cantidad de medios posibles, entre otras. Asimismo,
deberían exigir a la industria del tabaco que revele sus gastos
en publicidad, promoción y patrocinio.
Bolivia tiene una ley amplia (pero no total) de prohibición de
publicidad, promoción y patrocinio de productos de tabaco. Se
permite la publicidad en los puntos de venta y en internet, y
algunas formas de promoción.
En la Región, Colombia, El Salvador y Panamá son los únicos
países que tienen prohibiciones completas de todas formas
de publicidad, promoción y patrocino de los productos de
tabaco. En El Salvador la ley aún no ha sido reglamentada e
implementada.
¿Sabías que...?
• La mayoría de los fumadores prueban su primer cigarrillo
mucho antes de alcanzar la edad adulta. Es por ello que
la industria del tabaco crea anuncios coloridos y creativos
diseñados para llegar a los jóvenes, patrocina eventos
deportivos y financia la aparición de productos de tabaco en
las películas.
• La exhibición de los productos de tabaco en los puntos de
venta promociona su consumo, estimulando las compras por
impulso y generando la impresión de que el producto es tan
socialmente aceptable como cualquier otro que se presenta
en estos sitios.
• Para ser efectiva una prohibición de la publicidad, promoción
y patrocinio debe ser integral. Cuando solo se prohíben en
ciertos medios, la industria del tabaco traslada su gasto en
publicidad hacia los medios permitidos.
• Las prohibiciones por horarios o grupo de edad trasmiten el
mensaje de que fumar es un comportamiento de adultos,
haciéndolo por lo tanto más atractivo para los jóvenes.
• Una prohibición amplia de toda la publicidad, promoción
y patrocinio podría reducir el consumo global de tabaco
alrededor de un 7%.
Prohibiciones de publicidad, promoción y patrocinio
del tabaco en Bolivia, 2011
Prohibiciones directas
La televisión y la radio nacional**
Sí
La televisión y la radio internacional
No
Revistas y periódicos nacionales**
Sí
Revistas y periódicos internacionales
No
Vallas publicitarias y anuncios al aire libre**
Sí
Puntos de venta**
No
El Internet/La Red
No
Prohibiciones indirectas
Distribución gratuita por correo u otro medios**
Sí
Descuentos promocionales**
No
Productos no tabáquicos que llevan nombres de
marcas de tabaco**
No
Nombres comerciales de productos no tabáquicos
empleados en productos de tabaco**
No
Aparición de productos de tabaco por televisión
y/o en películas cinematográficas **
No
Eventos patrocinados por la industria del tabaco**
Sí
Promoción enviada por via postal
en los Estados Unidos
** Formas de publicidad directa e indirecta usadas para evaluar el estado de las
regulaciones de cada país se muestran en la página 2.
Tratamiento de la dependencia del tabaco
Artículo 14: Medidas de reducción de la demanda relativas a la dependencia y al
abandono del tabaco
En virtud del Artículo 14 del CMCT de la OMS y sus
directrices, las Partes deberán idear y aplicar programas
eficaces de promoción del abandono del consumo de tabaco en
lugares tales como instituciones docentes, unidades de salud,
lugares de trabajo y entornos deportivos.
Un tratamiento eficaz de la dependencia del tabaco debe
incluir: asesoramiento incorporado en los servicios de atención
primarios, que sean de fácil acceso, líneas telefónicas gratuitas
para dejar de fumar, y el acceso a medicamentos gratuitos o
de bajo costo.
En Bolivia hay acceso a servicios de cesación en algunas
oficinas de profesionales de la salud y existe disponibilidad
de tratamiento farmacológico. No existe una línea telefónica
nacional gratuita para la cesación.
Medidas relativas a la dependencia y al abandono de tabaco
en Bolivia, 2011
Disponibilidad de tratamiento farmacológico
Terapias de sustitución nicotina (TSN)
Sí
Bupropión
Sí
Vareniclina
Sí
Disponibilidad de servicios de cesación
Los centros de salud
No
Los hospitales
No
Si, en algunas
¿Sabías que...?
Las oficinas de profesionales de la salud
• Las personas que son adictas a la nicotina son las
verdaderas víctimas de la epidemia de tabaquismo.
En la comunidad
No
Línea telefónica nacional gratuita para dejar
de fumar
No
• Entre los fumadores, tres de cada cuatro afirman que
quieren dejar de fumar. Para algunos de los usuarios de
tabaco es difícil dejar de fumar por su cuenta, por ello el
acceso a consejería y servicios de cesación es importante.
• Si bien la mayoría de los que dejan de fumar, lo hacen sin
ningún tipo de intervención, el uso de medicamentos para
la cesación duplica las posibilidades de dejar de fumar
exitosamente, y la administración de la medicación junto
con el asesoramiento aumenta aún más dicha probabilidad.
Industria tabacalera
Artículo 5.3: Protección de las políticas de salud pública relativas al control del tabaco
contra los intereses comerciales y otros intereses creados de la industria tabacalera
Bajo el Artículo 5.3 del CMCT OMS y sus Directrices, cada
Parte deberá actuar para proteger a las políticas de salud pública
relativas al control del tabaco de los intereses comerciales
y otros de la industria tabacalera, de conformidad con la
legislación nacional. Las Partes deberán establecer medidas para
limitar la interacción con la industria del tabaco y garantizar la
transparencia de las interacciones que se producen.
En el informe La Rentabilidad a Costa de Gente de la OPS
se resume una serie de documentos, que fueron secretos
durante mucho tiempo, de las dos compañías tabacaleras
líderes del mercado en America Latina y el Caribe: Philip Morris
International (PMI) y British American Tobacco (BAT).
Dicha publicación está disponible en: http://www.paho.org/
Spanish/DD/PUB/rent-cos-gen.pdf
Fuentes: Basado en los datos del Informe OMS sobre la Epidemia Mundial del
Tabaco, 2011: Advertencia sobre los peligros del tabaco.
¿Sabías que ...?
• La industria tabacalera ha funcionado durante años con la
intención manifiesta de socavar el papel de los gobiernos y
de la OMS en la aplicación de las políticas de salud pública
encaminadas a combatir la epidemia de tabaquismo.
• El objetivo de la industria del tabaco es mantener la
aceptación social de su consumo y prevenir la adopción de
normas eficaces de control.
• Durante décadas esta industria ha utilizado tácticas de
cabildeo para influir en los gobiernos con el fin de impedir
restricciones a la comercialización y aumentos de precios e
impuestos.
• Asimismo ha desarrollado y financiado programas de
intervención escolar supuestamente dirigidos a prevenir el
consumo de tabaco en los jóvenes, como por ejemplo el
Programa Yo Tengo P.O.D.E.R. de Philip Morris. La meta
principal de estas compañas tiene como objetivo principal
mejorar la imagen pública de las empresas tabacaleras.
• Otra estrategia ha sido crear aparentes controversias sobre
la evidencia científica existente; esta incluye el ataque a
los avances científicos en la materia y la financiación de
investigadores para publicar artículos favorables a sus intereses.
El futuro del control del tabaco
El CMCT OMS resume las medidas básicas para detener esta
verdadera epidemia. Complementando esto, la Conferencia
de las Partes, viene aprobando Directrices para guiar la
implementación de determinados artículos.
En el 2008, la OMS publicó el paquete técnico MPOWER como
punto de partida hacia una aplicación completa del CMCT OMS
en el ámbito nacional.
Este paquete, consta de seis intervenciones, cada una de las
cuales refleja una o más de las disposiciones del CMCT OMS.
M (Monitor) Monitorear el consumo de tabaco y la aplicación de políticas de prevención
P (Protect) Proteger a las personas del humo de tabaco ajeno
O (Offer) Ofrecer ayuda para dejar el consumo de tabaco
W (Warn) Advertir sobre los peligros del tabaco
E (Enforce) Hacer cumplir las prohibiciones sobre publicidad, promoción y patrocinio
R (Raise) Aumentar los impuestos sobre el tabaco
Reconociendo los retos de la aplicación del CMCT OMS en la
Región de las Américas, la Organización Panamericana de la
Salud (OPS) ha adoptado dos resoluciones, la Resolución CD48.
R2 del 30 de septiembre del 2008 y la CD50.R6 del 29 de
septiembre del 2010 las cuales entre otras recomendaciones,
instan a los Estados Miembros a considerar la ratificación e
implementación del CMCT OMS y a estar concientes de la
interferencia de la industria tabacalera a fin de evitar que la
misma obstaculice el alcance de las metas de salud pública en
control de tabaco.
Muertes acumuladas estimadas debidas al tabaco entre
1950 y 2050 según diferentes estrategias de intervención
Muertes debidas al tabaco (millones)
El tabaco es una de las causas principales de muerte prevenible
a nivel mundial y es responsable aproximadamente de 1 millón
de muertes al año en las Américas. Es el único producto legal
que mata hasta la mitad de aquellos que lo usan como sus
fabricantes lo indican y que produce enfermedad y muerte en
aquellos no fumadores expuestos al humo de tabaco ajeno.
600
500
400
Cifra de base
Si la proporcion de jóvenes adultos
que empiezan a fumar disminuye
a la mitad en 2020
Si el consumo de los adultos disminuye
a la mitad en 2020
300
340
190
100
70
2000
Año
2025
2050
Fuente: La epidemia de tabaquismo: Los gobiernos y los aspectos económicos
del control del tabaco. OPS: 2000. p. 93
Para que los programas de control del tabaco tengan un
mayor impacto en vidas salvadas, es necesario incluir
intervenciones no solo orientadas a los jóvenes sino
intervenciones de carácter poblacional que promuevan un
entorno que a la misma vez aliente a los fumadores a dejar
de fumar y prevenga la iniciación juvenil.
Referencias
Fuentes de las Fotos e Imágenes:
Banco Mundial- OPS. La epidemia de tabaquismo. Los gobiernos y los aspectos
económicos del control del tabaco. 2000 http://www.paho.org/Spanish/AD/
SDE/RA/TOB_Epidemia.htm
Página 1: Bandera: http://flagpedia.net/
Convenio Marco de la OMS para el control del Tabaco (CMCT OMS)
http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2003/9243591010.pdf
Página 5: OPS
Directrices para la implementación del CMCT.
http://www.who.int/fctc/guidelines/es/index.html
500
220
200
0
1950
520
Página 3: Imagen: http://www.banknotes.com
Página 4: Imagen: http://www.istockphoto.com/index.php
Página 6: OPS
Equipo
Informe OMS sobre la Epidemia Mundial de Tabaquismo, 2008: Plan de
medidas MPOWER
http://www.who.int/tobacco/mpower/2008/es/index.html
Informe OMS sobre la Epidemia Mundial de Tabaquismo, 2011: Advertencia
sobre los peligros del tabaco
http://www.who.int/tobacco/global_report/2011/es/index.html
OPS 50.o Consejo Directivo. Resolución CD50.R6 — Fortalecimiento de la
capacidad de los Estados Miembros para Implementar las disposiciones y
directrices del Convenio Marco de la OMS para el control del tabaco
http://new.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_
download&gid=8951&Itemid=
Organización Panamericana de Salud
Coordinación: Adriana Blanco y Roberta Caixeta
Contenidos y Edición: Adriana Blanco, Rosa Sandoval,
Roberta Caixeta, Julio Gonzalez Molina
La producción de este informe fue posible gracias al apoyo financiero de los
Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades de los Estados Unidos.
OPS 48.o Consejo Directivo. Resolución CD48.R2 — El Convenio Marco de la
OMS para el control del tabaco: oportunidades y retos para su implementación
en la Región de las Américas
http://www.paho.org/spanish/gov/cd/cd48.r2-s.pdf
WHO Technical Manual on Tobacco Tax Administration
http://www.who.int/tobacco/publications/tax_administration/en/index.html
Para más información visite: www.paho.org/tabaco
Economía del Control del Tabaco
BOLIVIA
Resumen
Ejecutivo
CONSUMO
1160
23.5
1060
21.5
960
19.5
860
17.5
760
15.5
660
13.5
560
11.5
460
9.5
360
Un factor explicativo de la caída en el consumo de
cigarrillos en los últimos años es la crisis
económica –reflejada en la caída del Producto
Bruto Interno (PBI) per cápita- de finales de los
90s. Nótese que durante ese periodo los precios
reales de los cigarrillos se mantuvieron constantes.
(ver atrás)
De no aplicarse medidas de control del tabaco, es
de esperar que el consumo de cigarrillos aumente
a medida que la economía boliviana se recupere,
tal como ocurrió en la primera mitad de los 90s.
Cajetillas de cigarrillos
$US
Consumo per cápita de cigarrillos y PBI per cápita, 90-02
7.5
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02
Años
P IB per capita
Co nsumo per capita (po b. más de 14 año s) de cajetillas
ACTIVIDAD ECONOMICA
Sector agrícola, 2004
% de la superficie cultivada que se dedica al cultivo de tabaco
% de la superficie cultivada del Valle de Mairana que se dedica
al cultivo de tabaco
% de la población empleada en agricultura, ganadería y caza
que se dedica al cultivo de tabaco
Sector industrial, 2003
% del empleo industrial que corresponde a empleo en la
industria tabacalera
Participación en el mercado, 2004
CITSA (PMI)
0,03
5,05
0,16
0,46
100%
Participación del tabaco en el comercio exterior
% del valor total de las exportaciones que corresponde a
exportaciones de tabaco, 2003
% de las exportaciones de tabaco que corresponde a
hojas de tabaco y a cigarrillos respectivamente, 2000-03
% de la producción doméstica de cigarrillos que se
exporta, 2000-01
% de las exportaciones de cigarrillos a zonas francas
% del valor total de las importaciones que corresponde a
importaciones de tabaco, 2003
% de las importaciones de tabaco que corresponde a
hojas de tabaco y a cigarrillos respectivamente, 2000-03
Balanza Comercial en US$ (exportaciones menos
importaciones), 2003
0,05%
0% y 100%
14,53%
76%
0,07%
69% y 31%
-338.536
El cultivo de tabaco en Bolivia se concentra
en el valle de Mairana, Departamento de
Santa Cruz. A pesar de que Mairana es
conocido en el país por su producción de
tabaco, éste no es el cultivo predominante de
la región. Los tres cultivos más importantes
son el maíz, el fríjol y la papa.
CITSA es la única empresa tabacalera en
Bolivia. Bajo licencia de Philip Morris
International (PMI) produce L&M, Colorado
y Big Ben. Las marcas propias son Derby,
Turbo, Casino, Camba, Astoria y Master.
El comercio exterior de tabaco básicamente
corresponde a importaciones de hojas de
tabaco como insumo para la producción
doméstica de cigarrillos. No hay
exportaciones de hojas de tabaco. Las
exportaciones de cigarrillos representan el
14% de la producción y la gran mayoría
tienen como destino las zonas francas,
siendo las exportaciones directas a otros
países mínimas.
CONTRABANDO
Estimación del contrabando
(% del consumo de cigarrillos)
Una de las vías del contrabando de cigarrillos es la
exportación a países vecinos vía zonas francas para
luego reintroducirlos al mercado doméstico
evadiendo impuestos.
25%
aprox.
PRECIOS E IMPUESTOS
Precios nominales y reales de un paquete de cigarrillos rubios
Impuestos al tabaco
Impuesto al Consumo Específico (ICE) 50% 1
5
4.5
4
Impuesto al Valor Agregado (IVA)
13%2
Impuesto a las Transacciones (IT)
3%2
Gravamen Arancelario (GA)
10%3
Bolivianos
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1aplicado
al precio de fábrica
2aplicado al precio de venta facturado
3aplicado al valor CIF frontera
1
0.5
0
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
Se calcula que los impuestos representan el 41% del
precio de venta al consumidor de los cigarrillos.
Años
Precio s no minales en Bo liviano s
Precio s reales en B o liviano s de 1990
EFECTO DEL AUMENTO DE LOS IMPUESTOS/PRECIOS EN EL CONSUMO Y LA RECAUDACIÓN FISCAL
Elasticidades de la demanda de cigarrillos
Elasticidad precio
-0.85
Elasticidad ingreso
0.71
Un aumento del 10% en el precio de los cigarrillos generaría una
caída de 8,5% en la cantidad consumida de cigarrillos.
Un aumento del 10% en el ingreso de los consumidores generaría
un aumento de 7,1% en la cantidad consumida de cigarrillos.
Un aumento de los impuestos no genera una caída en la recaudación fiscal
Considerando la elasticidad precio arriba señalada y el nivel de recaudación fiscal por concepto de tabaco de 2001, se
calcula que un aumento de la carga impositiva que eleve el precio del productor en 5% generaría un aumento en la
recaudación tributaria de 12% aproximadamente.
CONCLUSIONES
1.
Un aumento en los precios de los cigarrillos en 10% a
través de los impuestos sería efectivo en reducir su
consumo en 8,5%.
2.
Existe espacio para aumentar los impuestos al tabaco
en Bolivia.
Mientras en países como Chile, Argentina y Uruguay,
los impuestos al tabaco representan al menos 60% del
precio de venta al consumidor, en Bolivia la tasa del
ICE es de 50% del precio del productor, calculándose
que esto representa 41% del precio de venta al
consumidor. En los países donde los impuestos al
tabaco forman parte de una política de control del
tabaco, los impuestos representan entre el 75% y el
80% del precio de venta.
3.
Suponiendo que el ingreso de los consumidores no
cambia, un aumento en el precio del productor de los
cigarrillos de 5% por efecto de un aumento en el ICE
no reduciría la recaudación fiscal, por el contrario
ésta aumentaría en aproximadamente 12%.
4.
El cultivo y la manufactura de tabaco representan
una porción muy pequeña de la economía y el
empleo.
Si bien el estudio no analiza el impacto que una
reducción del consumo de tabaco tendrá en los
niveles de empleo, La evidencia internacional señala
que países netamente importadores de tabaco como
Bolivia lejos de experimentar una caída en el
empleo, tienden a experimentar un aumento en el
empleo frente a una caída en la demanda de tabaco.
Los estudios sobre Economía del Control del Tabaco en los países del MERCOSUR y Estados Asociados fueron comisionados por OMS/OPS a
economistas nacionales a raíz de un pedido del grupo de control de tabaco del MERCOSUR conformado por representantes de estos países. Los
estudios completos se encuentran disponibles en el idioma del país correspondiente en la página web de OPS: www.paho.org/tobacco
El autor del estudio para Bolivia fue el economista Vladimir Oscar Alcaraz.
La Organización Panamericana de la Salud agradece el apoyo financiero de Health Canada y el apoyo técnico y financiero de la Oficina Central de
OMS en Ginebra para la realización de estos estudios.
Protecting Children and Families from Tobacco: Leadership Training Additional Resources for Bolivia World Health Organization http://new.ops.org.bo/ Campaign for Tobacco‐Free Kids http://www.tobaccocontrollaws.org/legislation/country/bolivia Tobacco Labelling Resource Centre – Health Warnings http://www.tobaccolabels.ca/healthwarningimages/country/bolivia Bolivia ‐ General http://www.sns.gob.bo/ http://archive.tobacco.org/articles/country/belize/

Bolivia

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