Web Map Server

The State of Free GIS in 2012
Estado de la tecnica de GIS/SIG libre
2012
(SIG – Sistema de Informacion Geografica)
Stefan Steiniger
[email protected]
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Quien...
. conoce software libre?
. conoce el concepto/la idea de software libre?
. esta trabajando son SIG; a veces?
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Outline
1. What is GIS? → GIS/SIG – que es?
2. What is Free software? → Software libre – que es?
3. An overview on free GIS → SIG libre – vision de conjunto
4. Free data and spatial tools for transportation → Datos y
heramientas libre por transporte
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Uso de SIG
Utility management
Mapping &
surveying
emergency and disaster services
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Uso de SIG en Transporte
ArcLogistics - www.esri.com
possible questions (ESRI.com 2009):
- What is the best route for my delivery trucks?
- How should I schedule my deliveries?
- What is the best way to optimize my territory?
- How can I optimize my fleet to meet service goals
and minimize costs?
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Typos de software de SIG – Ejemplo transporte
Online Route Planner:
Web Server
http://
Usario:
Web Route
Planner
WebMap Server
INTERNET
Plannificador
de rutas
(motor)
Base de
datos
Admin
Crear datos
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Typos de software de SIG – Ejemplo transporte
Online Route Planner - software:
Web Server
http://
Web-Map Server
INTERNET
Map client
Server GIS &
computing
library
Spatial
DBMS
Desktop GIS
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Software SIG libre – estado de tecnica...
...un momento!
Que significa „libre“?
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Software libre
OSS on the Desktop:
• Mozilla Firefox (browser) & Thunderbird (email client)
• OpenOffice - escribir
• Inkscape (vektor) & GIMP (images) - dibujar
• FreeMind
• PDFCreator
• VideoLan Player (VLC)
• JabRef – bibliography tool
• MikTex & TeXnicCenter
OpenOffice
• Miranda IM - messenger
• R, SciLab, GStat - statistics
VLC
FreeMind
JabRef
SciLab
GIMP
R
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images:
Que es software libre?
The term „free software“ is clearly defined by the Free Software
Foundation (www.FSF.org):
Free Open Source Software (FOSS) meets 4 Constraints
(www.fsf.org):
1. The freedom to run the program, for any purpose (freedom 0)
2. The freedom to study how the program works, and adapt it to
your needs (freedom 1).
3. The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor
(freedom 2).
4. The freedom to improve the program, and release your
improvements to the public, so that the whole community benefits
(freedom 3).
Freedoms : not „free for download“
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software classification
Free Software
Proprietary
Software
Freeware
?commercial software?
Proprietary = All Software – (Free & Open Source Software)
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Quien hace software libre y porque?
Geeks ???
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Quien hace software libre y porque?
. Empresas: colaboraciones con otros, cuando faltan expertos y
dinero por proyectos grandes
. Individuals: hobby, aprender algo, quire ayudar, ...
. Investigadores: nuevos ideas
. Estado/administracion publico: quieren algo especial
(customization), mas barato
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por fin...
SIG/GIS libre
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SIG libre - organisacion
Organizational Issues
- official body since 2006: OSGeo Foundation
(www.osgeo.org)
- Info on FOSS GIS: www.freegis.org,
www.opensourcegis.org
- Conferences & Workshop:
.FOSS4G (worldwide, all purposes, www.foss4g2008.org, 500 people)
.OGRS (worldwide, research, www.ogrs2009.org, ??? people)
.local conferences (GER, UK, ...)
- clarification: Open Geospatial Consortium ≠ Open Source,
but rather about standards and „interfaces“/communication
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Typos de software de SIG – Ejemplo transporte
Online Route Planner:
Web Server
http://
Web-Map Server
INTERNET
Map client
Server GIS &
computing
library
Spatial
DBMS
Desktop GIS
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Desktop GIS – que es?
What is a “Desktop GIS”?
- distinguishing between different types of GIS software by user tasks*
- desktop GIS tasks: 1 viewing, 2 creating, 3 editing, 4 storage, 5 conflation,
6 transformation, 7 query, 8 analysis, 9 creating maps
- types of desktop GIS:
. GIS Viewer: 1,4,7,(9);
. GIS Editor: 1-4,(6),7,9;
. GIS Analyst: 1-9
- or as ESRI says:
A desktop GIS is a mapping software that is installed onto and runs on a
personal computer and allows users to display, query, update, and analyse
data about geographic locations and the information linked to those locations.
(www.esri.com)
*Steiniger and Weibel (2009)
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Desktop GIS - proyectos
GRASS
gvSIG
Quantum GIS
license: GPL
web: grass.osgeo.org
old, renewed, but powerful
license: GPL
web: gvsig.org
Spanish, powerful
license: GPL
web: qgis.org
Largest project, every year
more powerful
OpenJUMP
MapWindow
uDig
license: GPL
web: openjump.org
more for data editing
(qualityCANGeom
analysis)
2010 – June 18th
license: Mozilla
web: mapwindow.org
Windows only, for hydrologic
applications.
license: LGPL
web: refractions.net
more for working with data
over networks
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Desktop GIS – recomendación y comparacion
It depends... of course:
. funcionality: can replace proprietary software
. but: stability ?
. most users: Quantum GIS
. support:
- for free or paid?
- in a certaing language? spanish: gvSIG
. It depends what you want to do → use multiple tools:
- printing maps & easy to use: Quantum GIS
- editing (vector) data: OpenJUMP
- spatial analysis: GRASS & ....
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Typos de software de SIG – Ejemplo transporte
Online Route Planner:
Web Server
http://
Web-Map Server
INTERNET
Map client
Server GIS &
computing
library
Spatial
DBMS
Desktop GIS
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Spatial DBMS – que es?
Spatial DBMS = Spatial Database Management System
use:
. a lot of data (registros)
. heavy and repeatedly use of spatial queries and analysis
. many users
usually extend „general“ DBMS by adding spatial „support“
. geometry types (point, line, area, etc)
. spatial queries (predicates: within, intersect, covers, etc)
. spatial index (QuadTree, R-tree, etc.)
. analysis and data transformations functions (cartographic
projections, raster overlay)
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Spatial DBMS - proyectos
PostGIS
MySQL Spatial
SpatialLite
For: PostgreSQL
License: PostgreSQL lic.
web: refractions.net
For: MySQL
license: GPL
web: mysql.com
For: SQLite
license: public domain(?)
web: gaia-gis.it/spatiallite
Bad: queries only with
bounding rectangles
Others:
- Spatial support also for: Hibernate, H2, INGRES
- experiments with NoSQL DBs: CouchDB, MongoDB
What I see:
. PostGIS used by IGN France, Infoterra, SITAL Mexico
. PostGIS (and SpatialLite) tie(s) with proprietary solutions (Oracle,
DB2, ...). However, looking at the price....
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Typos de software de SIG – Ejemplo transporte
Online Route Planner:
Web Server
http://
Web-Map Server
INTERNET
Map client
Server GIS &
computing
library
Spatial
DBMS
Desktop GIS
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Server GIS vs. Map Server vs. Clientes
Map
Client
Path
Map
Terrain
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Web GIS Server and Web Map Server – que es?
Web GIS Server
. spatial calculation and analysis
functions, like for a desktop GIS,
but controlled remotely
Web-Map Server
. delivery of data and maps to
„client“ applications (desktop
GIS, map client, etc.)
. request and result delivery
to/from clients or other servers
. OGC Web Map Service (WMS)
for maps/images,
. OGC Web Coverage Service
(WCS) e.g. for satellite images
and terrain data
. OGC Web Feature Service
(WFS/WFS-T) to send and edit
vector data.
...
. OGC Web Processing Service
(WPS) to control and request
data processing, e.g. „a buffer
operation“
OGC : Open GeoSpatial Consortium
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Server - proyectos
→ today, Web-Map Server (often) offer WebGIS functions
Major projects:
MapServer
GeoServer
license: X/MIT
web: mapserver.org
license: GPL
web: geoserver.org
AutoDesk MapGuide
Open Source
deegree
license: LGPL
web: mapguide.osgeo.org
license: LGPL
web: wiki.deegree.org
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Server - recomendacion y comparacion
My impression:
. web map server outperform proprietary products (shown in
Benchmarks)
. in particular strong: MapServer & GeoServer
. proprietary solutions from one provider with often better
integration (Spatial DBMS, Desktop GIS, plus WebMap
Server) compare: Apple products
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Typos de software de SIG – Ejemplo transporte
Online Route Planner:
Web Server
http://
Web-Map Server
INTERNET
Map client
Server GIS &
computing
library
Spatial
DBMS
Desktop GIS
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GIS Librerias
. providing functions to be used (programmatically), e.g. in other
programs
. examples:
- GDAL & OGR : data format transformations
- JTS/GEOS : geometric objects and functions for their analysis
- proj4 & proj4J : cartographic projection functions
- Sextante : vector and raster analysis functions
- ...graph and routing libraries...
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Typos de software de SIG – Ejemplo transporte
Online Route Planner:
Web Server
http://
Web-Map Server
INTERNET
Map client
Server GIS &
computing
library
Spatial
DBMS
Desktop GIS
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Clientes de Maps
- map client software to display maps in a web browser, e.g.
. OpenLayers
. Leaflet
. ModestMaps
. etc.
→ can compete with proprietary
display of
clients (e.g. Google maps)
Map
query
results
- often additional development frameworks for data query and display of
results, e.g.: GeoMajas, GeoMoose, MapFish, etc.
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FOS y transporte
. OpenTripPlanner.org (transit routing:, A*, Dijkstra, RAPTOR,...)
. GraphServer.org
. pgRouting.org for PostGIS (A*, TSP, IsoChrones, ...)
. JGraphT & JGraph (graph library)
. NetworkX (to study complex networks)
. R – project (statistics)
. Multi-Agent-Systems for simulation: MATSim, GAMA Platform, JADE, etc.
. ...
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Datos libre
OpenStreeMap.org
. free geographic map data worldwide
. crowd-sourced (GPS + editing tools)
. used by MapQuest & Bing
. problems: completeness, accuracy
correctness
GTFS data : General Transit Feed Specification
. Google: http://developers.google.com/transit/gtfs/
→ 7 txt files
→ routes, (bus) stops, schedules, etc.
. TransSantiago: soon
. other cities: www.gtfs-data-exchange.com
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Summary
Summarizing
• Free software exists for all tasks
• Particular competitive in comparison to proprietary
software with respect to functionality, are:
• GeoServer & MapServer - Web Map Server
• PostGIS - DBMS/database
• OpenLayers & Leaflet – Web Map Viewer
• Web mapping toolkits
• For desktop GIS: depends on tasks
• Price advantage (especially for DBMS)
• Paid support is available (support networks emerge)
• Free data presents new research opportunities!
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Gracias!
para leer:
. Sherman, G. E. (2012). The geospatial desktop GIS: Open
source GIS and mapping. Locate Press.
. Steiniger, S. & Hunter, A.J.S. (2013): The 2012 free and open
source GIS software map – A guide to facilitate research,
development, and adoption. Computers, Environment and Urban
Systems. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2012.10.003
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