English File Upper-Intermediate 3rd Edition U1A approach (to) n

Transcripción

English File Upper-Intermediate 3rd Edition U1A
approach (to) n
bizarre adj
/bɪˈzɑː/
The new approach to selecting candidates comes from Silicon
Valley.
They asked some bizarre questions in the job interview.
coincide v
(with)
/ˌkəʊɪnˈsaɪd/
Do any of the interpretations coincide with what you already thought?
cruel adj
Some interviewers can be extremely cruel to jobseekers.
demanding adj
It was a very demanding job interview process.
despise v
/dɪˈspaɪz/
Which living person do you most despise, and why?
ensure v
Steps must be taken to ensure this never happens again.
essentially adv
Essentially, we use this interview technique to find people who can
handle stress.
Expand your notes into full sentences.
expand v
/ɪkˈspænd/
headhunter n
A headhunter finds people with the necessary skills to work for a
company.
Her comments were highly offensive and quite inexcusable.
inexcusable adj
job seeker n
nerve-racking adj
Every job seeker needs coaching to succeed just as all athletes receive
coaching.
The presentation of a speech can be a nerve-racking experience.
overuse v
Which words or phrases do you most overuse?
recruitment
agency n
He works for a recruitment agency as a headhunter.
weird adj
/wɪəd/
It’s really weird that there’s no one at home at this time of day.
English Vocabulary in Use Upper-Intermediate 3rd Edition
U15 Work
workaholic n
Friends say he’s always been a workaholic.
be fired
She was fired after she was caught stealing from her employer.
be laid off
Government figures show that fewer and fewer workers are being laidoff.
To keep the company alive, half the workforce is being made
redundant.
She was offered a job in Paris.
be made redundant
be offered a job
be on / take maternity / paternity
leave
She plans to take a longer maternity leave after the baby’s birth.
be on / take sick leave
She was on sick leave for two months.
be on / work flexi-time
25% of the employees work flexi-time.
be / get promoted to
She's just been promoted to senior sales rep.
be / work in (publishing, banking)
She is a teacher and her husband works in publishing.
civil servant
His father was a civil servant, and his mother managed a bookstore.
do (sth) for a living
What do you do for a living? (= What is your job?)
do shiftwork / work shifts
get the sack
To get the job I had to agree to work shifts no-one else wanted, the
slow nights, Sunday and Monday.
He got the sack for swearing.
go/be on strike
If we don't have a contract by noon tomorrow, we'll go on strike.
make a living
Can you really make a living by selling cosmetics?
public relations officer
George is a public relations officer( PRO) for the John Bennet Trust.
(un)skilled worker
Germany’s shortage of skilled workers has hit the health sector
take early retirement
especially hard.
Some employees will be forced to take early retirement.
take on phr v
I can't take on any more work at the moment.
work nine-to-five
She's tired of working nine-to-five.
English File Upper-Intermediate 3rd Edition U1B
absent-minded adj
arrogant adj
bad-tempered adj
big-headed adj
carry on (doing sth) phr v
devoted (to)
easy-going adj
entirely adv
estate agent n
evolve v
glance (at) v
good-tempered adj
hire v
interpret v
laid-back adj
legible adj
narrow-minded adj
odd adj
open-minded adj
self-centred adj
signature n
stable adj
strong-willed adj
/ɪˈvɒlv/
/ˈledʒəbl/
/ˈwɪld/
tight-fisted adj
two-faced adj
well-balanced adj
She’s so absent-minded – she’s always forgetting things.
People who sign their names in capital letters are often arrogant.
When his headaches developed, Nick became bad-tempered and even
violent.
My sister is so big-headed – she’s always telling us how brilliant she
is!
If you carry on spending money like that, you’ll end up in debt.
Trewin devoted his life to literature.
My husband is really easy-going and calm.
Towns only a few miles apart can have entirely different dialects.
The estate agent showed us around the house.
As time goes on you will evolve as a person.
I hadn't even glanced at the report.
My mum is very good-tempered.
I hired someone to paint the house.
Can you interpret someone’s personality from their signature?
I’m really laid-back – nothing bothers me usually.
Your signature is pretty legible.
The people who live in this street are really judgmental and narrowminded.
Your neighbour looks really odd.
Psychotherapists need to be open-minded.
She always thinks about herself – she’s so self-centred.
What does your signature say about you?
Are you an emotionally stable person?
My son is strong-willed so it’s difficult to stop him doing what he
wants.
My aunt is really tight-fisted – she never buys Christmas presents.
My boss is so two-faced – he says one thing to me and another behind
my back.
She’s really well-balanced so she deals with problems easily.
U8 Describing People: Character Adjectives
assertive
blunt
bossy
brainy
bright
cunning
determined
(dis)courteous
down-to-earth
dumb
economical
envious
/dis'kɜːtiəs/
/dʌm/
If you want people to listen to your opinions, you'll need to learn to be more
assertive.
I'll be blunt - that last piece of work you did was terrible.
A bossy person is always telling people what to do.
Sarah was beautiful and brainy.
They were bright children, always asking questions.
Despite the complex security systems in modern vehicles, cunning thieves still
manage to get away with thousands of cars and trucks every year.
She will get the job she wants - she's a very determined person.
The employees were unhelpfull and discourteous.
She's a down-to-earth woman with no pretensions.
Are they brave or just dumb?
He was economical in all areas of life.
I think she is envious of your success.
extravagant
frank
Her extravagant spending has to stop.
Our ballet teacher is very frank about telling her students whether she thinks
they have the talent for a career in dance.
He is a gregarious person who avoids solitude.
You can't be so innocent as to believe what advertisements say!
He's so naive he'll believe anything I tell him.
Why can't people mind their own business and stop being so nosy?
Although the little boy knew he was wrong, he was too obstinate to apologize to
his parents.
Quarrelsome people are often moody or sensitive: any little thing can get them
upset.
He was self-important, vain and ignorant.
She was a sensible girl and did not panic.
A sensitive child can get very upset by people arguing.
She was shrewd enough to guess the motive behind his gesture.
He sounded sincere in his promises.
He leaned forward with a sly smile.
She‘s too stingy to give money to charity.
I don't like stubborn people, they always think they're right and don't listen to
anything else.
He was very tense before the exam.
The war taught us to manage with rations, not only not to waste but to be
thrifty,” she told The Daily Telegraph in 2011.
I think I've convinced them that you're a trustworthy soul.
gregarious
innocent
naive
nosy
obstinate
quarrelsome
self-important
sensible
sensitive
shrewd
sincere
sly
stingy
stubborn
tense
thrifty
trustworthy
U9 Idioms Describing Character
bury one’s head in the sand
The problem won't go away so there's no point burying your head in the
sand.
He gets on everyone's nerves. In other words, he irritates everybody.
She does a lot of voluntary work; she has a heart of gold.
Sam is a real know-all. He thinks he knows everything.
She's very lazy, she's a lazy-bones.
She's a pain in the neck. Nobody likes her.
The person who is the teacher's favourite is the teacher's pet.
get on everyone's nerves
a heart of gold
a know-all
a lazy-bones
a pain in the neck
teacher's pet
English File Upper-Intermediate 3rd Edition
U1 Colloquial English: Talking about Interviews
be aware (of )
covering letter n
recruiter n
They appealed to parents to be aware of the problem of underage drinking.
It's not easy to write the covering letter that goes with CVs.
The chances of your resume ever seeing the light of day and getting noticed by a
corporate recruiter are slim.
Illnesses and Injuries
(high/low) blood
pressure n
ache n,v
allergic (to) adj
antibiotic n
antiseptic cream n
bleed v
blister n
/ˈblʌd ˌpreʃə/
/eɪk/
/æntibaɪˈɒtɪk/
/ˌæntiˈseptɪk/
My grandmother has high blood pressure and takes medication for
it.
It’s common to have an ache in your side if you have a kidney
stone; My back is aching. I shouldn't have lifted those boxes.
I was allergic to the medicine I was given.
The doctor gave me antibiotics for my ear infection.
She cleaned the cut with antiseptic cream.
A cut finger can sometimes bleed for a long time.
You will get a blister if you wear shoes that are too tight.
choke (on) v
come round v
faint v
get over phr v
lie down phr v
lose consciousness v
/laɪ ˈdaʊn/
/ luːz
ˈkɒnʃəsnəs/
painkiller n
pass out phr v
rash n
recover (from) v
sprain v
stitches n pl
swallow v
swell (swelled, swolen) v
throw upphr v
twist v
unconscious adj
vomit v
/ræʃ/
/ rɪˈkʌvə(r)/
/ˈstɪtʃɪz/
/ˈswɒləʊ/
/ʌnˈkɒnʃəs/
/ˈvɒmɪt/
Be careful not to choke on that boiled sweet.
If you pour cold water on his face he might come round.
I faint when I see blood.
It often takes a long time to get over flu.
Please lie down on the couch.
Call an ambulance – I think he’s going to lose consciousness.
After the operation you will need to take painkillers for a few days.
I’m so tired I think I’m going to pass out.
One of the symptoms of measles is a red rash.
How long does it normally take to recover from flu
I don’t play tennis because I’m afraid I might sprain my wrist.
I needed stitches for the cut on my head.
Does it hurt when you swallow food?
This bee sting is starting to swell.
I had to run to the bathroom and throw up.
Watch out for that hole in the ground – you don’t want to twist your
ankle.
She was unconscious so I phoned an ambulance.
Some people vomit when they travel by boat in rough seas.
More words and phrases U2A
alternative remedy n
/ɔːlˌtɜːnətɪv
ˈremədi/
blink v
diagnosis n
digest v
discomfort n
/ˌdaɪəɡˈnəʊsɪs/
discriminate v
/dɪˈskrɪmɪneɪt/
drowsiness n
GP (general
practitioner) n
heart rate n
herbal adj
hypochondriac n
(ins)ufficient adj
intake n
life-threatening adj
cure n
nosebleed n
observation n
reveal v
support v
surgery n
treat v
tumour n
under the weather
wound n
X-ray n
/dʒiː ˈpiː/
/ˈhɑːt reɪt/
/ˈhɜːbl/
/ˌhaɪpəˈkɒndriæk/
/ˈlaɪf ˌθretnɪŋ/
/ˈkjʊə(r)/
/səˈpɔːt/
/ˈsɜːdʒəri/
/ˈtjuːmə//
/wuːnd/
/ˈeks reɪ/
I used an alternative remedy – a herbal barrier cream – to cure my
hayfever.
Making an effort to focus on the page means that we blink less
often and our eyes dry out.
The doctor gave me the wrong diagnosis.
The flow of blood to the brain decreases while the body digests it.
People believe this myth because of the discomfort they experience
when they have been reading in the dim light.
The online information often doesn’t discriminate between common
and very rare conditions.
Some foods contain chemicals that cause drowsiness.
After days of intensive internet diagnosis, I finally went to see my
GP.
She told me that my heart rate was a bit fast.
He’s a strong believer in herbal medicine.
My uncle thinks he’s ill – he’s such a hypochondriac.
Reading in insufficient light might ruin your eyesight.
Adequate fluid intake is usually met through our daily consumption
of juice, milk and other drinks.
I convinced myself that I had a life-threatening illness.
Some homeopathic remedies claim to be a miracle cure.
I was playing football when I suddenly had a terrible nosebleed.
I was kept in hospital for observation.
This study could reveal a serious problem
Put something under your leg to support it.
I was told that I needed heart surgery.
What’s the best way to treat a nosebleed?
A brain tumour develops in fewer than one in 50,000 people.
A few weeks ago I was feeling under the weather.
Wash the wound under running water.
He had an X-ray to see if he had broken his leg.
U27 Health and Medicine
a black eye
breathless adj
bruise n
contract v
die (of) v
dislocate v
dizzy adj
hurt v
(in)digestion n
itch v
lump n
operate (on) v
pick up a bug
plaster n
prescribe v
sickness and
diarrhoea
shiver v
spots n
sunburn n
suffer a stroke
teaspoonful n
tremble v
/ daɪəˈrɪə/
He gave me a black eye.
I felt breathless after jogging for five minutes.
I've got a bruise on my leg.
He contracted AIDS.
He died of a heart attack.
She fell and dislocated her shoulder.
The children were dizzy after spinning in circles.
My foot hurts from where I knocked it against the table.
After eating too fast you might get indigestion.
I've been bitten by an insect – my leg is itching.
I've got a lump on my arm.
The surgeon decided to operate on her and remove the tumour.
I think I've picked up a bug somewhere.
You'll have to have your leg put in plaster until the break mends.
What did the doctor prescribe?
I've got sickness and diarrhoea, so I need to go to the toilet frequently.
I knew it was a flu. I had a headache and started shivering.
Her face was all in red spots.
Use sunscreen to prevent sunburn.
My uncle suffered a stroke, so he lost the ability to move his right arm and leg.
Take a teaspoonful of medicine after supper.
My hands are trembling after the shock.
Clothes
accessory n
(usually pl)
checked adj
cloth n
cotton vest n
denim adj
dress up v
fashion-conscious
adj
fit v
go out of fashion
go with v
hooded adj
in fashion
lace n
sandals n pl
linen adj
long sleeved adj
match v
pattern n
patterned adj
plain adj
scruffy adj
silk scarf n
sleeveless adj
spotted adj
/tʃekt/
/klɒθ/
/ˌkɒtn ˈvest/
/ˌdenɪm/
/ˈfæʃn ˌkɒnʃəs/
/fɪt/
/ˈfæʃn/
/ˈhʊdɪd/
/ˈfæʃn/
/leɪs/
/sændlz/
/ˌlɪnɪn/
/lɒŋ ˈsliːvd/
/ˈpætən/
/ˈpætənd/
/ˈskrʌfi/
/sɪlk ˈskɑːf/
/ˈsliːvləs/
As far as accessories are concerned, teenagers wear
sunglasses, bright belts and have a couple of piercings.
I wore a checked shirt to the party.
Use a piece of clean cloth as a bandage.
I always wear a cotton vest under my clothes in winter.
I take my things to school in a denim rucksack.
I’m going to dress up tonight.
Most teenagers are really fashion-conscious.
These jeans don’t fit me.
That style of skirt will go out of fashion really quickly.
I don’t think that skirt will go with this top.
Lots of teenagers like to wear hooded tops.
Skinny jeans are really in fashion this season.
I wore a black lace top on our first date.
He wore brown leather sandals every day on his holiday.
He wore a beige linen suit at the wedding.
I wore a blue long sleeved shirt.
Does this bag match my shoes?
Check and flower patterns are popular these days.
She wore a patterned skirt with flowers on.
I tried on a plain blue top.
My teenage brother always looks really scruffy and dirty.
That’s a beautiful silk scarf.
I wore a sleeveless dress to the wedding.
She wore a pink and white spotted dress to the party.
striped adj
stylish adj
suede boots n pl
suit v
trendy adj
wool(len) cardigan n
/strʌɪpt/
/sweɪd/
/suːt/
/ˌwʊl(ən) ˈkɑːdɪɡən/
I wore a blue and white striped T-shirt on the beach.
That’s a really stylish dress.
I bought myself some lovely brown suede boots.
Those glasses really suit you.
She always looks really trendy.
My nan knitted me a blue woollen cardigan.
More words and phrases U2B
clumsy adj
conform (to) v
contribute (to) v
deaf adj
false teeth n pl
garment n (fml)
wig n
piercing n
tattoo n
vain adj
vintage adj
vulnerable adj
wrinkled adj
/kənˈfɔːm/
/def/
/fɔːls ˈtiːθ/
/ˈpɪəsɪŋ/
/təˈtuː/
/ˈvʌlnərəbl/
/ˈrɪŋkld/
I’m so clumsy – I’m always breaking things.
Do you know people in that age group who don’t conform to stereotypes?
The increase in the number of old people contributes to overpopulation.
Lots of old people become deaf.
My grandmother wears false teeth.
Hipsters don't worry if the garments don't match.
I wore a grey wig to make myself look older.
She has a piercing in her eyebrow.
I have a tattoo on my ankle.
Fashion-conscious people are usually vain and selfish.
I love vintage clothes, garments from a certain period in the past.
Old people living on their own can feel quite vulnerable.
That old lady has really wrinkled skin.
U7 Describing People: Appearance
anorexic adj
auburn adj
bald adj
fair adj
chubby adj
fair/dark complexion
a crew-cut
fair/dark-skinned
feature n
freckles n
get a tan
ginger-haired adj
messy-looking adj
overweight adj
personality n
plump adj
receding adj
round/thin-faced
skinny adj
smart adj
stocky adj
stout adj
stunning adj
obese adj
untidy-looking adj
/'ɔ:bən/
/'bɔ:ld/
/kru:/
If you refuse to eat and are terribly thin, you may be anorexic.
Auburn hair is red-brown.
He's been bald since he retired.
Scandinavians usually have fair hair and skin.
He has a chubby face.
Would you find fair complexion attractive?
A crew -cut is a hairstyle for men in which the hair is cut very short.
She is dark-skinned.
Her eyes are her best feature.
He has freckles on his cheeks.
Some people like getting a tan in summer.
Ginger-haired is the same as red-haired.
Her neighbour is very scrufffy and messy-looking.
Instead of fat we often say a bit overweight.
Personality, not appearance matters most.
He is a rather plump person.
He's got receding hair and a few wrinkles.
She is thin-faced. It means that she's got a thin face.
A skinny person is a rather negative way to describe one.
She is a very smart and elegant woman, always well-dressed.
If someone is broad and solid, we can say they are stocky.
He is a rather plump or stout person.
She looked stunning in her red dress.
Very fat people (impolite) are said to be obese.
Her neighbour is very scrufffy and untidy-looking.
U26 Clothes
badge n
A distinguishing object or emblem is called a badge. They wore plastic name badges.
baggy adj
buckle n
button n
casually adv
change (out of ... into)
disguise n
heel n
inside out
national costume n
(shoe) laces n
slippers n
zip (fastener) n
He was rather skinny, so he was fond of wearing a baggy sweater or a loose shirt.
Most rucksacks have quick release buckles.
I still have to sew up some buttons.
She looks elegant even when she is dressed casually.
He changed out of his weekend clothes into his uniform.
The burglars wore masks and hoods as a disguise.
I must get my shoes repaired. One heel is broken.
She put her top on inside out – I can see the label.
Does your country have a special national costume?
Do up your laces or you'll fall over.
The floor is very cold – put on your slippers.
Zip is used to fasten garments, bags and other items.
Air Travel
aisle n
baggage reclaim n
board v
cabin crew n
cancellation
announcement n
collect v
connecting flight n
departures board n
(dis)courtesy n
disembark v
direct flight n
divert v
domestic flight n
drop off v
emergency exit n
/aɪl/
The cabin crew started to run up and down the aisle.
You need to go to baggage reclaim.
Passengers were waiting to board the plane.
Can you call one of the cabin crew to help me with my hand luggage?
The cancellation announcement was made when we were waiting to
board the plane.
Please collect your luggage on arrival.
When I get to Frankfurt I need to get a connecting flight to Berlin.
We looked at the departures board to find out about our flight.
Another miracle, courtesy of the airline industry!
Passengers demanded to be flown to Paris and refused to disembark.
Is there a direct flight from London to Bangkok?
There was thick fog, so the flight was diverted to another city.
The domestic flight flew from London to Manchester.
Can your mum drop us off at the airport tomorrow morning?
They pushed towards the emergency exit.
/'kruː/
/ˈkɜːtəsi/
/ˈeɡzɪt,
ˈeksɪt/
flight delay n
inflate v
jet lag / jetlag n
life jacket n
long-haul flight n
parking lot n
pick up v
request v
runway n
turbulence n
upgrade v
/ˈhɔːl /
/ɜ:/
/ʌpˈɡreɪd/
Typical excuses for flight delays are bad weather, strikes, or technical
faults.
Don’t inflate your life jacket too early.
My jet lag after the flight was worse than usual.
They tell you how to put your life jacket on.
Have you ever been on a long-haul flight?
We left our car in the parking lot.
Where can we pick up our luggage?
Some of the people who request wheelchairs often don’t need them.
The plane taxied along the runway.
Is turbulence really dangerous?
We’d like to upgrade you to first class.
U30 Travel
(be) stuck
bumpy adj
coach n
get airsick / suffer
from airsickness
get seasick / suffer
from seasickness
/kəʊtʃ/
My flight was cancelled and I was stuck at the airport.
The weather was bad, so our flight was bumpy.
Coach can refer to a type of bus or individual carriages on a train.
Luckily, I didn't get airsick, but I had terrible jetlag afterwards.
The sea was rough and I was worried I might get seasick.
journey n
take a trip/
have a trip
go on a trip
hitch-hike v
put sb up
rough sea n
run smoothly
sleeping car n
travel n
voyage n
/dʒɜːnɪ/
/rʌf/
A journey is usually longer than a trip.
'Take a trip' or 'have a trip' could be something you do yourselves in your own
car.
'Go on a trip' suggests an organized short excursion.
We hitch-hiked round Australia.
The airline put me up in a hotel overnight.
I hope the sea is calm. I hate rough seas.
It was a good journey, everything ran smoothly.
I asked if there was a sleeping car on the train so I could travel overnight.
Travel broadens the mind.
Voyage means a long journey usually by sea.
Adverbs and adverbial phrases
actually adv
anyway adv
apparently adv
at the end adv phr
basically adv
especially adv
even adv
eventually adv
gradually adv
hard adv
hardly adv
ideally adv
in fact adv
in the end adv phr
late adv
lately adv
near adv
nearly adv
obviously adv
specially adv
/əˈpærəntli/
I thought he was lazy, but actually he works really hard.
It’s good that I was made redundant because I wanted to leave the
company anyway.
Apparently this house is worth £200,000!
At the end of the concert we all clapped.
Basically we don’t have enough money to move.
I love ice-cream, especially vanilla-flavoured.
He always wears the latest fashions even if they don’t suit him.
It took a long time, but eventually we had enough money to buy a house.
Mark gradually began to realize that Lucy didn’t love him anymore.
How hard does your father work?
It’s so foggy, I can hardly see anything.
Ideally we’d like to live near the sea, but it’s not practical.
The woman thought they were friends, but in fact they hated each other.
I thought the job would be boring, but in the end I loved it.
They came late because of bad weather.
I haven’t heard from Mike lately.
Is there a bank near here?
I’ve nearly finished my book.
She’s been promoted, so obviously she’ll get a pay rise.
I wrote a specially commissioned report for the government.
award v
The writer was awarded the Prize in recognition of her outstanding
contribution to children's books.
She watched him bend iron.
bend v
contribute (to) v
fairly adv
fiction n
grab (sb/ sth) v
outstanding adj
revenge n
(out of revenge,
in revenge)
set out to do (sth)
shadowed adj
specifically adv
stab (sb) v
straight away adv
/kənˈtrɪbjuːt,
ˈkɒntrɪbjuːt/
/rɪˈvendʒ/
/spəˈsɪfɪkli/
Fiftywordstories.com is a website to which people from all over the world
contribute fifty-word stories in English.
It was fairly busy in the town centre.
Do you prefer to read fiction or non-fiction?
I saw him grab that lady’s bag.
He was famous for his outstanding contribution to children's books.
Revenge is sweet. The man said he had burned down the factory out of
revenge / in revenge for being dismissed.
They wouldn’t stop until they had done what they had set out to do.
She examined the look on his shadowed face.
Do you read anything specifically to improve your English?
I’m scared someone is going to stab me in this pub.
I’ll let you know straight away.
traumatic adj
/trɔːˈmætɪk/
It was a very traumatic experience.
ban v
blizzard n
boiling adj
carbon footprint n
damp adj
drought n
environmentally
friendly
get soaked v
hail n
heavy (rain, snow)
adj
humid adj
Indian summer n
mild adj
mist n
moisture n
occasional a d j
occur v
recyclable adj
reusable adj
run out v
soar v
scorching adj
settled adj
slippery adj
solar panel n
/ˌkɑːbən/
/draʊt/
/ˈsəʊkt/
/ˈhjuːmɪd/
/ˈmɔɪstʃə/
/əˈkɜː/
/ˌriːˈjuːzəbl/
/sɔː/
/ˈsetld/
/ˌsəʊlə
ˈpænl/
spell n
sweat v
thick (fog) adj
turbine n
He was banned from driving for three years.
A blizzard is a snow storm with very strong winds.
It’s too hot today. It’s boiling.
My flights made my carbon footprint much bigger.
The clothes are damp. There must have been a bit of rain last night.
A drought is a long, dry period when there is little or no rain.
I only shop at places which stock environmentally friendly
products.
It poured with rain and I didn’t have an umbrella. I got soaked.
Hail is small balls of ice that fall like rain.
The rain was so heavy I had to stop driving.
/ˈblɪzəd/
/ˈswet/
/ˈtɜːbaɪn/
It’s hot and there’s a lot of moisture in the air. It feels humid.
Indian summer is a period of warm weather in late autumn or early
winter.
It’s quite mild by September. The summer heat has gone.
The mist from the sea was so thick I couldn’t see anything.
It’s hot and there’s a lot of moisture in the air. It feels humid.
It will be mostly sunny with occasional periods of rain.
How often do these hot periods occur?
My shopping bag is made of recyclable materarials.
I own several reusable shopping bags made of recyclable materials.
Other sources of energy will be needed as fossil fuels will run out.
Temperatures are set to soar to 30 degrees on Saturday.
It’s scorching! I need to go inside to cool down.
After a period of changeable weather it became much more settled.
Be careful! The stairs are very slippery.
Most people will have installed solar panels or wind turbines on their
houses or blocks of flats to generate their own electricity.
We need this warm spell after the rain we have had.
I’m sweating. Can we turn the air conditioning on?
The fog was so thick I couldn’t see anything.
A wind turbine converts wind power into energy.
U6 The Weather
downpour n
frost n
gale n
muggy adj
overcast adj
severe adj
/'geil/
/'əʊvəka:st/
stifling adj
thaw v
torrential rain np
/'θɔː/
There was a heavy downpour. It was absolutely pouring down.
Winter arrives with frost, icy roads and severe weather, including heavy
snow.
There was a gale. It blew a newspaper right out of my hands.
In a tropical climate, the weather is often stifling, muggy and humid.
The sky was very overcast. It looked as if it would rain at any minute.
Winter arrives with frost, icy roads and severe weather, including heavy
snow.
The weather was stifling. We had to use the air-conditioning every
afternoon.
In the far north the ground starts to thaw in May or even June.
In Malaysia there is usually torrential rain most days, and the roads
sometimes get flooded.
U23 Environmental Problems
acid rain n
climate change n
conservation n
disposable adj
dispose (of) v
endanger v
extinct adj
fossil fuel n
greenhouse effect n
hazardous waste n
organic adj
overpopulation n
ozone depletion n
ozone layer n
polar ice caps n
pollutant n
(endangered) species n
/ˈspiːʃiːz/
Acid rain can poison lakes, kill forests, and corrode buildings.
Obama also plans to discuss climate change and energy policy
during a visit to Alaska in early September.
Harry is currently working in South Africa on conservation projects.
Disposable items like plastic cups and paper plates have a harmful
effect on the environment.
Staff can dispose of all recyclable items in these green bins.
Air pollution may endanger the lives of people with respiratory
illnesses.
The Sumatran rhino—the rarest rhino species—is now considered
extinct in the wild in Malaysia, according to a study published this
month.
The burning of fossil fuels causes more greenhouse gases to build up
in the atmosphere.
They are very clear that the rising carbon dioxide is actually
contributing to an increased greenhouse effect at those sites.
It alleges that a DEQ employee knew about holes used to hide or
illegally dump barrels of hazardous waste.
Generally speaking, Americans say they want healthier diets—more
organic foods, more vegetables, less sugar, salt, and fat, and so on.
It is one symptom of a global problem - human overpopulation.
Established in 1985, that Convention protects us from the potentially
devastating effects of ozone depletion.
The ozone layer in the Earth's atmosphere helps protect our planet.
Global warming is leading to the thawing of the polar ice caps.
Carbon dioxide (CO) is an example of an air pollutant.
Mountain gorillas are an endangered species.
addicted to
back v
break the speed limit
call off phr v
face v
get straight to the point
reckless driving
take a risk
take advantage of
take into account
take out (insurance)
take sth. seriously
take up phr v
urban adj
vulnerability n
He's addicted to smoking.
I'm backing him for President.
Do you ever go really fast and break the speed limit?
The rain is too heavy. We should call off the match.
The lessons learned from facing the difficulties may be very valuable in
everyday life.
Let me get straight to the point. This is not good enough.
In United States law, reckless driving is a major moving traffic violation.
I'm not reckless, but I don't mind taking a risk now and then.
Try to take advantage of every opportunity that comes your way.
We will take your long years of service into account when we make our final
decision.
If you buy a house, you must take out fire insurance to protect you from loss.
We need to take the risks involved in driving very seriously.
I took up skiing last fall.
I can’t live in rural areas. I like living in urban places.
Capitol’s front yard exposed a vulnerability of prime terrorist targets.
U17 Sport
archery n
bat n (baseball)
club n (golf)
competitive adj
Archery is the sport of shooting arrows from a bow.
In baseball you use a ball and a bat.
In golf you use a ball and a club.
All Olympic sports are highly competitive; everyone has one ambition – to
win gold.
cue n (billiards)
fencing n
get knocked out
high/ long jump
hold a record
javelin n
make it to/
reach (the semifinal)
oar n (rowing)
pole vault
qualify v
(fishing) rod/line n
set a record
stick n (ice-hockey)
/'dʒævəlin/
/'ɔː/
In snooker/ pool/ billiards you use a cue and different ball colours that are
worth different numbers of points.
Fencing is the sport of fighting with a long thin sword.
My team got knocked out in the second round of the competition.
My favourite sports are fencing and the high jump.
He holds the record for the 100 metres breaststroke.
Competitors throw a javelin which is a long stick with a pointed end.
Last year, our team made it to/ reached the final for the first time in 10
years.
He lost one oar rowing his boat across the lake.
The sport of jumping over a high bar using a long pole is called pole vault.
His national team failed to qualify for the World Cup.
He caught a huge fish with a simple rod/ just with a fishing line.
Were there many new records set at the last Olympics?
A stick and a ball are used in field hockey.
English File Upper-Intermediate 3rd Edition U5A; 5B
Feelings
astonished adj
bewildered (by) adj
delighted adj
desperate adj
devastated adj
grateful adj
homesick adj
horrified adj
offended adj
overwhelmed adj
relieved adj
shattered adj
stunned adj
thrilled adj
/bɪˈwɪldəd/
/ˈdevəsteɪtɪd/
/əˈfendɪd/
/stʌnd/
/θrɪld/
I was astonished when they lost. They always win.
I was bewildered by the range of choices.
I was delighted with my high score.
I was desperate to get a job. I really needed the money.
I was devastated when my grandad died.
I’m grateful for any help I get.
I miss home so much. I’m feeling homesick.
My mum was horrified with the mess in my room.
I feel really offended. My cousin didn’t invite me to his wedding.
I just don’t know what to say. I’m overwhelmed with emotion.
I was relieved when I finally got a job.
I’m absolutely shattered. I just want to sit down and relax.
I was stunned by the proposal. I just wasn’t expecting it.
I was thrilled when I heard I was going to become a grandparent.
More words and phrases U5A & 5B
abandon v
assess v
attempt n
avalanche n
bother v /
can't be bothered
(to do sth)
come to terms
with (sth)
dwell (on/upon) v
infuriate v
/əˈbændən/ Eventually they decided to abandon the search for the village and just hike
back to Apollo.
They don’t panic and assess the situation clearly.
It took me five attempts to get it right.
/ˈævəlɑːnʃ/ An avalanche can be extremely dangerous for climbers.
I wish people wouldn’t leave supermarket trolleys in the car park just
because they can’t be bothered to take them back.
/ɪnˈfjʊərieɪt
/
in the long run
intruder n
lethal adj
overcome v
rational adj
/ˈliːθl/
/ˈræʃnəl/
Humour plays a fundamental role in helping us to come to terms with our
regret.
A recent survey has shown that we spend almost three quarters of an hour
every week dwelling on our regrets.
It really infuriates me when people drive too close behind me.
In the long run it was probably a good thing.
What would you do if you woke up in the middle of the night and thought
that you could hear an intruder in your home?
Many plant and animal species known to man are lethal.
Can you teach me how to overcome this feeling?
Try to keep calm and behave in a rational way.
U41 Pleasant and Unpleasant Things
anxious adj
confused adj
contented adj
fed up (with)/
sick and tired (of)
inspired adj
miserable adj
I was so anxious before the exam results came out.
I feel so confused – she changes her mind so frequently.
She is a contented person, but her sister is discontented.
I'm really fed up with her rudeness and sick (and tired) of her bad behaviour.
I felt so inspired after the concert that I decided to take up the piano lessons.
She felt so miserable when things went wrong in her life.
U47 Emotions and Moods
as fit as a fiddle
in a bad mood
in high spirits
on cloud nine
scared stiff
take everything as it comes
under the weather
'As fit as a fiddle' means 'very fit indeed'.
Gary is in a bad mood/ temper.
Everyone seemed to be in high spirits. (lively, enjoying things).
Mary sems to be on cloud nine these days. (extremely pleased/ happy)
She was scared stiff.I jumped out of my skin when
If you deal calmly with events as they happen, you 'take everything as it comes'.
You look a bit under the weather (infml – slightly ill)
background noise
I was working in a busy store with background noise from shoppers and
music, and I started finding it difficult to hear what customers were
saying.
Former London mayor Ken Livingstone was today moved to tears as he
listened back to the speech he made following the 7/7 terror attacks.
Many people sang in school or church choirs.
The chorus is the most famous part of the song.
Unless I protected my ears, my hearing would deteriorate more or I would
finally become deaf.
be moved to tears
choir n
chorus n
deteriorate v
/ˈkwʌɪə/
/ˈkɔːrəs/
genre n
graffiti n
hearing aid n
symphony n
weep v
/ˈʒɒnrə/
/ɡrəˈfiːti/
/ˈsɪmfəni/
What genre of music do you like?
Some people think that graffiti is art.
My grandad needs a hearing aid to hear.
I love Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony.
Some people find music so moving that it makes them weep.
U20 Music
be into ( … music)
classical music
folk music
have a good ear
lead singer n
make music
play by ear
read music v
soundtrack n
/'fəʊk/
My brother is into 60s music.
He said classical music was still popular among the youth, but it needed
the medium of films to generate interest.
Fado is folk music that is traditionally accompanied by the Portuguese
guitar and the viola de fado.
She's got a good ear for music.
She's lead singer in a rock band.
You can make music in lots of ways.
She can play the melody by ear.
She plays an instrument but she doesn't read music.
My mother likes film soundtracks, but I find them uninteresting.
amount n
ancestor n
be used to v
disrupt v
disturb v
duvet n
fall asleep v
(be) fast asleep
adj
get used to v
head (to/ for) v
insomnia n
keep you awake
sleep like a log
have a nap
disorder n
psychologist n
recur v
restore v
How do you feel about the amount you sleep?
My ancestors are all from Suffolk.
I’m not used to sleeping with a duvet. I’ve always slept with blankets.
Don't drink too much at dinner time, or your sleep will be disrupted
because you will have to go to the bathroom during the night.
It isn't only coffee that can disturb sleep.
I’m not used to sleeping with a duvet. I’ve always slept with blankets.
How long does it usually take you to fall asleep at night?
I was fast asleep when a knock on the door woke me up.
/ˈænsestə/
/bi ˈjuːst tə/
/ˈduːveɪ/
/ɡet ˈjuːst tə/
/hed/
/ɪnˈsɒmniə/
/ˈlɒdʒɪkl/
/saɪˈkɒlədʒɪst/
/rɪˈkɜː/
seek v
sleeping pills n pl
snore v
I can’t get used to working at night. I feel tired all the time.
When I’m with my friends we usually head to the park to relax.
Some people can’t sleep because they suffer from insomnia.
If you drink coffee in the evening, it may keep you awake.
Are you a light sleeper or do you sleep like a log?
When I’m tired I have a short nap during the day.
Doctors diagnosed her as having a rare neurological disorder.
A psychologist studies the mind.
My nightmare recurs nearly every night.
Research has shown that short naps are very effective in restoring our
energy levels and mood.
He decided to seek further help.
When I can’t sleep I take sleeping pills.
Have you ever had to share a room with someone who snores?
argument n
back up v
bring up (a topic of
conversation)
capable (of) adj
counsellor n
fury n
gender n
get involved in
human being n
insult (sb) v / insult n
lack v
mediate v
naughty adj
My parents only had one argument in 45 years. It lasted 43 years.
I have all the evidence to back up my argument.
Keep to the topic you are talking about, don't bring up old arguments.
/ˈkeɪpəbl/
/ˈkaʊnsəl
ə/
/ˈfjʊəri/
/ˈdʒendə/
/ˈmiːdieɪt
/
/ˈnɔːti/
offensive adj
rage n
require v
remove v
speculate v
swear words n
lose one's temper v
upbringing n
/ˈʌpbrɪŋɪŋ
Women are capable of driving just as well as men.
We argue too much. I think we need to see a counsellor.
Her fury could be heard by everyone around her.
Damian Whitworth investigates gender differences when couples argue.
Since he retired, he has been involved inlocal politics.
Human beings argue about everything, but are there any differences
between the sexes in the way that we argue?
His aggressive tone insulted me. I heard an angry tirade of insults.
I feel there is something lacking in my life.
I often mediate between my parents when they argue.
Maybe the boy has been naughty, because it seems as if he’s looking at the
ground.
I found your comment about her appearance extremely offensive.
When he was a child he used to get into a rage when he didn't get what he
wanted.
To understand this, and then make a conscious decision that you will do it
differently requires a lot of maturity.
The site administrators removed the offending remarks from the comment
thread.
I often speculate about changing the past.
I decided to leave when I heard a traditional angry tirade of insults and
swear words.
Raising your voice will make the other person lose their temper too.
Our upbringing as children impacts on how we behave.
withdraw v
/
/wɪðˈdrɔː/
Men tend to withdraw from an argument and become silent.
The Body
ankle n
bite your nails
bottom n
break someone’s heart
calf n
chew v
have / get cold feet
elbow n
fist n
fold your arms
frown v
get it off your chest
give someone a hand
have butterflies in one's
stomach
heel n
hips n pl
hold someone’s hand
hug v
kidneys n pl
kneel v
learn by heart
on the tip of your
tongue
palms n pl
point (at) v
pull someone’s leg
scratch v
shrug your shoulders
stare v
stretch v
thumb n
thighs n pl
toes n
waist n
wave v
wink v
wrist n
yawn v
/ˈæŋkl/
I sprained my ankle playing football.
Do you bite your nails when you’re nervous?
My bike saddle is uncomfortable and it hurts my bottom!
When Miriam left David, she broke his heart.
I pulled my calf muscle running.
The steak was tough and difficult to chew.
I’m not sure I want to go climbing now. I’m starting to get cold feet.
I don’t know why I’ve got a lot of wrinkled skin on my elbow.
She hit me with her fist.
Fold your arms – it will keep you warmer.
The teacher frowned when she saw all the mistakes I had made.
I need to talk to somebody about my problem and get it off my chest.
Could you give me a hand with my homework? It’s really difficult.
The test is on Friday. I’ve got butterflies in my stomach!
/kɑːf/
/tʃuː/
/fraʊn/
She turned on one heel and left.
My grandad has false hips.
I’m going to hold someone’s hand when I skate not to fall over.
When we meet we always hug each other.
The kidneys help clean the blood.
Some women think a man should kneel down when he proposes marriage.
You need to learn the irregular past tenses by heart.
I can’t remember her name, but it’s on the tip of my tongue.
/niːl/
/pɑːmz/
/steə/
/sʌk
ˈθʌm/
/θaɪz/
/ˈtəʊz/
/rɪst/
/jɔːn/
She tries to read people’s palms.
If you don’t know the word for something, just point at what you want.
You can’t be serious. You must be pulling my leg!
Don’t scratch the mosquito bite. You’ll only make it worse.
Do you always shrug your shoulders when you don’t know the answer?
The painting was so strange I stared at it for a long time.
She got out of bed, and yawned and stretched.
Did you suck your thumb when you were young?
My thighs are too big for those trousers.
You know you’re getting old when you can’t touch your toes.
What waist size are your trousers?
She waved goodbye to her boyfriend as the train left the station.
He winked at me to show that he was only joking.
I can’t play tennis. I’ve hurt my wrist.
It’s rude to yawn without covering your mouth.
cheek n
chin n
(in)credible adj
daydream v
enable v
estimate v
His cheeks are really red after running.
He has got a small beard on his chin.
Their story seemed credible (believable, plausible) at first.
He often just looks out of the window and starts to daydream.
The system enables students to access class materials online.
It’s estimated that as much as 80% of our interaction with others is through
non-verbal communication.
eyelashes n pl
eyelids n pl
facial adj
foreground n
genuine adj
gesture n
give sb away
misconception
n
non-verbal adj
/ˈaɪlæʃɪz/
/ˈaɪlɪdz/
/ˈfeɪʃl/
/ˈfɔːɡraʊnd/
/ˈdʒestʃə/
It’s estimated that as much as 80% of our interaction with others is through
non-verbal communication.
We shouldn’t presume that someone is lying just because we have seen one of
the signs.
There are the non-verbal signs that many of us have not learnt to spot.
What technique does he use to help convey the feeling of happiness?
White lies are told to protect our social dignity.
presume v
spot v
technique n
white lies
Her eyelashes are so long. Are they real?
She wears a lot of make-up on her eyelids.
Facial expressions show a lot about how we feel.
In the foreground we see the inside of a room with a glass door leading into a
garden.
When we give a genuine smile, so called crow's feet appear.
Physical gestures can be quite different from one culture to another.
Liars are very good actors, but what gives them away is their smile.
Another misconception is that liars will not look a person in the eye.
/tekˈniːk/
U6&7 Colloquial English: Talking About Acting
box office n
controversy n
rehearsal n
utterly adv
/,kɔntrə'vɜːsɪ/
/rɪ'hɜːsəl/
/'ʌtəlɪ/
At the theatre or cinema tickets are sold at the box office.
Despite the controversy of the playwright, it had a great success.
Before the concert they had rehearsals every evening.
Every single performance is utterly different from every other one.
U19 Theatre and Cinema
audience n
/'ɔːdiəns
/
be set
cast n
director n
entertainer n
give a performance
set n
scene n
/si:n/
screenplay n
script n
promote v
venue n
viewer n
/'venju:/
/vju:ə/
The people who watch a show are the audience.
An ocean liner is such a romantic place for a film to be set.
The cast was first class, with particularly strong performance from the two
leading actors.
The director of 'Titanic' is James Cameron.
Entertainers are people whose job is to entertain others.
The cast gave a marvellous performance in the play last night.
The audience found the sets original and visually interesting.
Do you fancy going to see 'Titanic'? Our local cinema is showing it again
next week, I love that scene at the prow of the ship.
James Cameron, the director of 'Titanic' also wrote the screenplay.
After the new play was put on at the Central Theatre, the audience
commented on the quality of the script.
The actor on TV last night was promoting an interesting new play he's
appearing in at The Globe.
The venue has been recently refurbished and has a large revolving stage.
Viewer is only used about someone watching a TV programme.
Crime and Punishment
accuse (of) v
acquit (of) v
assassination n
blackmail n
bribery n
They were accused of armed robbery and car theft.
He was acquitted of any involvement in the robbery and allowed to go free.
The assassination of Kennedy is one of the highest-profile crimes of its kind.
Blackmail is often committed when someone has some information another
person wants kept secret.
They got the contract by using bribery.
charge (with) v
drug dealing n
evidence n
fraud n
hacking n
/frɔːd/
hijacking n
kidnapping n
manslaughter n
mugging n
pickpocket n
/ˈmænslɔːtə
/
/ˈmʌɡɪŋ/
/ˈpɪkpɒkɪt/
proof n
rape n
sentence (to) v
shoplifting n
smuggling n
stalking n
/ˈstɔːkɪŋ/
Finally they were charged with armed robbery.
Drug dealing involves selling any illegal drug.
The jury looked at and heard all the evidence.
He committed fraud by using other people’s identities.
Hacking into computer systems can enable people to steal private
information.
The hijacking of the plane forced the airport to close.
Kidnapping often happens when a criminal tries to get money from a rich
person.
Manslaughter is killing someone by accident.
Mugging is like robbery but on the street.
A pickpocket is someone who steals from you in the street, usually without
you noticing.
There was no proof that Adam had committed the crime.
Rape is often about power and control.
He sentenced him to ten years in prison/ jail.
Shoplifting is stealing something in a shop.
Smuggling involves taking illegal products from one country to another.
Stalking can happen physically or on the internet.
ban (from) v
breed n
campaign v
How is being banned from using the Internet any different to being banned
from a library because you stole some books from there ?
Some breeds of dog are aggressive.
/kæmˈpeɪn/ People campaign for things they believe in.
disconnection n
fake adj
When the government proposed punishing illegal downloaders with internet
disconnection, people campaigned againstit.
/feɪk/
hand over v
idol n
/ˈaɪdl/
inmate n
limited supplies n
luxury n
/ˈɪnmeɪt/
minor offence n
/ˈmaɪnə/
necessity n
reputable adj
/nəˈsesəti/
/ˈrepjətəbl/
squat v
suspicious adj
tramp n
/skwɒt/
/ˈlʌkʃəri/
Lots of people buy fake products because they are cheaper than a genuine
product.
A woman in Florida handed over $400 for an iPad which turned out to be
fake.
Fans who don’t pay their idols are like lovers who promise everlasting love
but then sit and watch you as you drown.
In prisons many of the inmates take drugs.
Limited supplies don't mean that companies are running out of products.
We don’t have a right to listen to the music we want for free. These things are
treats, pleasures, luxuries.
Community service is the best punishment for young people who commit a
minor offence.
The internet isn’t a necessity.
The safest thing to do is to phone a reputable company every time you need a
cab.
Squatting in an unoccupied house is illegal.
The guy following her looked very suspicious.
You don’t have to look like a tramp, but you should try to look as if you aren’t
carrying much of value.
U37 Crime
accomplice n
be tried
case n
convict (of) v
/ə'kɒmplis/
They also accused his twin brother of being his accomplice.
The case came to court and they were tried. The trial did not last very
long.
A case is a crime that is being investigated, i.e. under investigation.
They decided he was guilty and he was convicted of robbery.
get time off
offence n
offender n
pass verdict on sb.
plead not guilty
prosecuting lawyer n
Many prisoners end up getting time off for good behaviour.
Police are treating the incident as an offence of having a dog
dangerously out of control in a public place.
Currently only the most serious of offenders are detained.
After brief deliberations the jury passed verdict on the accused.
They both pleaded not guilty in court.
The lawyer did her best to defend them, but the prosecuting lawyer
produced a very strong case against them.
The judge sentenced him to two years in prison, but he will probably be
released from prison after 18 months.
He served two years in prison but was released from it a year early.
A suspect is a person who is suspected of committing an offence.
Jason was on trial for assault.
The murder case is still under investigation (by the police).
/'pli:d/
release (from) v
/ri'li:s/
serve in prison
suspect n
(be on) trial (for sth) n
under investigation
/'sʌspəkt/
/'traɪəl/
The Media
accurate adj
/ˈækjərət/
biased adj
/ˈbaɪəst/
censored adj
/ˈsensəd/
commentator n
/ˈkɒmənteɪtə/
editor n
/'editə/
freelance
journalist n
newsreader n
objective adj
/ˈfriːlɑːns /
paparazzi n pl
/pæpəˈrætsi/
/ˈnjuːzriːdə/
/əbˈdʒektɪv/
presenter n
reporter n
row n
/raʊ/
The film review was quite accurate. It said the plot was poor but the acting
was good, which was true.
The news on Channel 12 is really biased. You can’t believe anything you
hear on it.
I think the report was censored. The newspaper wasn’t allowed to publish all
the details.
A commentator is a person who describes a sports event while it’s happening
on TV or radio.
An editor is a person in charge of a newspaper or magazine, or part of one,
and decides what should be in it.
A freelance journalist is a person who writes articles for different papers
and is not employed by any one paper.
A newsreader is a person who reads the news on TV or radio.
I think 'The Observer' is the most objective. It bases its stories just on facts,
not on feelings or beliefs.
The paparazzi are photographers who follow famous people around to get
photos of them to sell to newspapers and magazines.
A presenter is a person who introduces the different sections of a radio or TV
programme.
A reporter is a person who collects and reports news for newspapers, radio,
or TV.
I had a row with my boyfriend last night.
sensational adj
The reporting in the paper was very sensational. It made the story seem
more shocking than it really was.
To read newspapers on the Internet, you may have to subscribe to them /
pay a subscription.
subscribe (to) v,
subscription n
admit (V-ing) v
armoured adj
column n
/ˈɑːməd/
/ˈkɒləm/
deny (V-ing) v
literally adv
/ˈlɪtərəli/
skip v
unanimously adv
/juˈnænɪməsli/
(un)distinguished adj
He later admitted having seen the dish on the menu.
Sommerville climbs into a British armoured vehicle.
Geoff Lewis, 30, writes a weekly newspaper column on cooking.
He denied breaking the window.
You could see his paw print on the key of the phone. He literally saved
his own life.
I often skip some sections of the newspaper.
Newspaper staff tried both dishes and unanimously declared Andrew’s
to be the winner.
The undistinguished building would not be noticed by anyone.
U35 The Press and the Media
be made/ shot on
location
broadcast n, v
current affairs n
The film was shot/ made on location in Australia.
/ə’fɜəz/
documentary n
dubbed adj
episode n
game show n
mass media n
means n pl
quality (news)paper n
sitcom n
subtitles n
tabloid n
/'sʌbtaitlz/
/'tæblɒid/
You may be able to stream radio and TV broadcasts from the Internet;
The BBC World Service broadcasts throughout the world.
The Minister of Education was on current affairs programme, discussing
the new schools policy.
The documentary investigated how the banks had wasted billions of euros
in bad loans.
If the film is dubbed, you hear the speech in your own language.
Next up on Channel 4 is the first episode of a new medical drama set in
Chicago.
He was a contestant on a game show.
Is it any wonder that the mass media does its very best to create drama?
The Internet is an important means of communication.
A quality paper focuses more on serious journalism with in-depth articles.
The sitcom 'The Happy Couple' is about a pair of newly-weds.
Do you read subtitles when you watch a film in a foreign language?
A tabloid often has stories about celebrities, sports, scandals and crime.
Business
branch n
business n
chain n
close down v
consumer n
do a deal
do badly /well
do business
do market research
drop v
economic boom n
expand v
head office n
improve v
launch v
make a decision
make a loss
make a profit
manufacture v
market v
merge v
multinational n
recession n
set up v
staff n
take over v
the CEO (= chief
executive officer) n
/kən'sju:məz/
/rɪˈsɜːtʃ/
/ˈbuːm/
/hed ˈɒfɪs/
/lɔːntʃ/
/mænjʊˈfæktʃə/
/mɜːdʒ/
/ˌmʌltiˈnæʃnəl/
/rɪˈseʃn/
/stɑːf/
/siː iːˈəʊ/
A branch is an office or shop that is part of a larger organization.
A business is an organization which produces or sells goods or
provides a service.
A chain is a group of shops, hotels, etc. owned by the same person or
company.
Many companies close down in a recession.
A new cereal bar is being tested on the consumers.
I want to do a deal (business agreement) for a new car.
If you do badly, will you lose your job?
Many companies do business in a variety of countries.
Many companies do market research to find out more about their
customers.
Standards of living drop in a recession.
In an economic boom many people have a better life.
The company expanded to open shops in other countries.
The head office is the main office of a company.
Standards of living improve in an economic boom.
Nowadays it is quite a risk to launch a new business.
I have to make a decision before the end of the day.
Most businesses make a loss in the first few years.
I think my business will make a profit this year.
China manufactures many products for the world.
Companies often use celebrities to help market their products.
The two companies merged to create one large company.
A multinational company has offices or factories in many countries.
In a recession many people worry about their jobs.
The company was set up in 1990.
The staff is the group of people who work for an organization.
The Royal Bank of Scotland took over Natwest Bank in 2000.
The CEO is the head of a company.
advert (advertisement
/ad) n
commercial n
/ˈædvɜːt,
ədˈvɜːtɪsmənt,
æd/
/kəˈmɜːʃl/
legitimate adj
misleading adj
progress v
reasonable adj
/prəˈɡres/
/ˈriːznəbl/
refund n
satisfactory adj
sue (sb) v
/ˈriːfʌnd/
/ˌsætɪsˈfæktəri/
/suː/
trustworthy adj
(un)intentionally adv
Can you think of a recent advert which made you not want to ever
buy the product?
TV and radio commercials cannot make false claims about a
product.
He was running a legitimate business at the same time.
Celebrity endorsers were not responsible for misleading
statements in ads.
The business is going digital to progress further.
Many reasonable-looking restaurants have very expensive wine
lists.
Sorry, we don’t give refunds. You can’t get your money back.
Our accommodation isn’t satisfactory.
Lauren threatened to sue a blogger who was the first person to
publish and comment on the image online.
His business propositions seemed perfectly trustworthy.
I’m sorry I offended you. I did it unintentionally.
alienation n
commuter n
(social) divide
n
entire adj
exquisite adj
extensive adj
fusion n
harbour n
incident n
inhabitant n
intact adj
leftovers n pl
overcharge v
policy n
slum n
social
imbalance n
vibrant adj
/eilɪe'neɪʃn/
Alienation is the feeling that you don't belong to a community.
It can take two-and-a-half hours for commuters to drive to and from work in the
rush hour through choking traffic fumes.
There is a huge social divide. On one hillside we see massive, luxurious houses
and on the next hill, slums.
By the end of the century three-quarters of the entire planet will be urban.
And the Art Museum is full of exquisite pieces from Medieval times.
Despite the extensive metro system the traffic in the city is terrible.
The city offers a fusion of East and West.
They went down to the harbour to see if they had fresh fish.
The incident made him leave his job.
A mega city is a city with more than ten million inhabitants.
These walls are amazing – they’re completely intact even after the war.
I usually eat the leftovers from dinner for lunch the next day.
Unofficial taxi drivers overcharge passengers for the ride to their hotel from the
airport.
The manager called a meeting so as to explain the new policy.
Millions of people live in slums without basic facilities.
Because of social imbalance it can be a dangerous city, with high levels of
crime.
Mexico City is a colourful and vibrant city where people live their lives in the
street.
/ɪnˈtaɪə/
/'ekskwizit/
/ˈhɑːbə/
/ɪnˈtækt/
/ˈleftəʊvəz/
/ˈpɒləsi/
/ˈvaɪbrənt/
U24 Towns
bustling adj
cater (for) v
/'keitə/
contemporary adj
deserted adj
facility n
/'dezətid/
The market is particularly bustling on Saturdays.
Neither of the two markets caters specifically for tourists but those who
enjoy the lively atmosphere of a real working market will appreciate their
charm.
This gallery regularly puts on exhibitions by contemporary artists.
When the university is on vacation the town can suddenly seem quite
deserted.
The town has plenty of sports facilities catering for both young and old.
filthy adj
/'filθi/
Nowhere in the town is filthy; everywhere is quite clean.
magnificent adj
The most magnificent building in the town is Pepys Library.
overcrowding n
Overcrowding is a huge problem here, they should restrict the number of
people living in this area.
Most of the picturesque monasteries overlook the River Cam.
The fashionable residential districts overlook the picturesque harbour.
Well-off people live in fashionable residential areas overlooking the harbour.
Some of the suburbs have become quite run-down in recent years.
The town can hardly be called spacious as most of its streets are very
narrow.
overlook v
picturesque adj
residential adj
run-down adj
spacious adj
/,piktʃə'resk/
/'speiʃəs/
U8&9 Colloquial English: Talking About Advertising
authenticity n
billboard n
persuasion n
subconsciously adv
susceptible (to) adj
vague adj
/,ɔθən'tisiti/
/səb'kɔnʃəsli/
/'veig/
word for word
This popular period drama has been widely praised for its authenticity,
visual style, costume design and acting.
Do you think billboards make the streets uglier or more attractive?
Using celebrities in advertising is a way of persuasion.
I'm sure not consciously, but I'm sure subconsciously.
I'm very susceptible to advertising because I tend to notice it, I think I'm
very sensitive to stuff that's not true.
The executive manages to effortlessly transform a vague idea into
advertising gold.
I repeated her instructions word for word to avoid any confusion.
additive n
/ˈædətɪv/
anaesthetic n
blood transfusion
n
clinical trial n
conductor n
/ˌænəsˈθetɪk/
/ˈblʌd/
cosmetics n pl
/kɒzˈmetɪks/
distracting adj
inhale v
insanity n
/in'sæniti/
intense adj
lead n
mankind n
nuclear adj
side effect n
/ɪnˈtens/
/led/
/mænˈkaɪnd/
/ˈnjuːkliə/
/ɪ'fekt/
solid adj
think up
/ˈsɒlɪd/
toxic adj
vapour n
/ˈtraɪəl/
/ˈveɪpə/
There were several deaths from lead poisoning at the factory where the
additive was produced.
I was given an anaesthetic before my operation.
After she lost a lot of blood the doctors performed a blood transfusion.
People can volunteer to be guinea pigs in clinical trials.
When lightning strikes a car, its metal body acts as a conductor and
passes the electrical current down to the ground.
Does it make a difference if the experiments are for medical research or
for cosmetics testing?
There were too many distracting graphics. I couldn’t concentrate.
To prove its safety he inhaled its vapour for a minute.
In spite of a lot of scientific research, nobody has found any link between
the full moon and insanity or crime.
A diamond can be destroyed by either intense heat or acid.
Lead was added to petrol to make car engines less noisy.
Shamanism is the oldest healing method of mankind.
Nuclear power is one of the main sources of energy in some countries.
Scientists have to do a lot of research into the possible side effects of new
drugs.
Helium gas can be found in both liquid and solid form.
To make the process more efficient, he thought up an idea for a new
machine.
Toxic substances cause damage to the environment.
He inhaled its vapour for a minute.
U32 Science and Technology
alter v
/’ɔːltə/
Genetic engineering works with DNA of living things to alter features.
cell n
/’sel/
Research of the human stem cells will help to treat diseases and injury and
to repair the body.
Talking about cloning people are often worried that the creation of an
exact copy of an animal is not morally right.
Chemistry, physics and botany are the traditional branches of science, but
what about more recently established fields ?
I returned the material because it had a flaw in it.
Many people refuse to eat genetically modified foods.
cloning n
established (fields) adj
flaw n
GM foods
(genetically modified)
interact (with) v
utilize v (fml)
/ju:tilaiz/
Ergonomics studies the design of physical working spaces and how people
interact with them.
He experimented with different materials before utilizing one.
apartheid n
disastrous adj
give (make) a
speech
give and take
imprison v
inspirational adj
(in)tolerable adj
invasion n
lawsuit n
obstacle n
resist v
stamina n
surrender v
withstand v
/əˈpɑːtaɪt,
əˈpɑːteɪt/
/di'za:strəs/
/ɪnˈtɒlərəbl/
/ˈlɔːsuːt/
/ˈɒbstəkl/
/ˈstæmɪnə/
/səˈrendə/
/wɪðˈstænd/
Apartheid in South Africa gave white people more rights than others.
That was my most disastrous presentation I have ever made.
Winston Churchill gave this speech to the House of Commons in 1940.
Every relationship needs a bit of give and take.
Several suffragettes had been imprisoned for attacking policeman.
Do you know any famous inspirational speeches?
It is only people who feel an intolerable sense of oppression who would
adopt a means of that kind.
A German invasion of Britain was expected at any moment in 1940.
He filed a lawsuit against his record company.
We will never give up no matter what obstacles stand in our way.
However long it takes, we will resist the enemy and never willgive up.
My brother has neither the energy nor the stamina to run a marathon.
We shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we
shall never surrender.
Nothing can withstand the power of millions of voices calling for change.

English File Upper-Intermediate 3rd Edition U1A approach (to) n

Transcripción

Documentos relacionados

9780230423442 Straightforward Advanced SB.indb

londres number 10 downing street

DicciONARiO

La Palabra Justa - DiversityLearningK12

Glossary (Vocabulary starts on R121)