guias tercer perido-10.

INSTITUCIÓN EDUCATIVA
CIUDADELA DEL SUR
EDUCACIÓN BÁSICA
SECUNDARIA
GRADO 10°
ÁREA LENGUA INGLESA
Periodo 3
ELBORADO POR
Verónica Ortiz Alvaran
2012
1
Institución Educativa Ciudadela Del Sur
EDUCACIÓN BÁSICA SECUNDARIA
ÁREA LENGUA INGLESA
10°
Tercer Periodo
UNIDAD DIDÁCTICA 3: “IF I WERE”
LOGRO: Reconoce la diferencia entre eventos reales e irreales y utiliza la estructura lingüística
de la primera y segunda condicional para describir realidades, situaciones hipotéticas, sueños y
aspiraciones.
COMPETENCIAS
INTERPRETATIVA: Comprendo textos de diferentes tipos y fuentes sobre temas de interés
general y académico. Selecciono y aplico estrategias de lectura apropiadas para el texto y la
tarea.
ARGUMENTATIVA: Escribo textos que explican mis preferencias, decisiones y actuaciones.
PROPOSITIVA: Participo en conversaciones en las que puedo explicar mis opiniones e ideas
sobre temas generales, personales y abstractos.
CONTENIDOS
GUÍA Nº1
GUÍA Nº2
GUÍA Nº3
GUÍA Nº4
Posibilities and
realities
“First Conditional”
Posibilities and
realities
“Present Simple
Review”
Real and Unreal
Events
“Second
Conditional”
Real and Unreal
Events
“Past Simple Review”
CRITERIOS DE EVALUACIÓN:
Momento A:
Apropiación de conceptos.
Momento B:
Análisis y propuesta de solución de problemas
Momento C:
Práctica en el contexto
Momento D:
Capacidad de hacer nuevas propuestas e inventiva.
•
Cumplimiento y responsabilidad
•
Puntualidad
•
Asistencia.
2
GUÍA No. 01
”Possibilities and Realities” (3 SEMANAS)
Lee y expresa posibilidades y realidades.
Reading Exercise
Vocabulary
A gap year: = free time between school and university when young people travel
Worried: = anxious
To hitch: = to ask drivers for a lift by putting out your thumb
Peter is doing a gap year and going travelling in South America with his friend Tony. His
mother is a little worried about this and is talking to him. She has an endless stream of
questions.
Mum…‘Peter, whatever you do, don’t lose your passport ,what will you do if you lose your
passport?’
Peter… ‘Mum, if I lose my passport, I’ll go straight to the British Embassy.
Mum…’I know. I know, but what if it’s a long way?’
Peter… If it’s a long way I’ll just get on a train or I’ll hitch a lift’
Mum…’Oh dear Peter, what’ll you do if you and Tony have an argument?’
Peter… ‘ Mum, I have known Tony for many years and if we have a difference of opinion we’ll
talk about it in a grown-up way’
Mum…’What if you get sun stroke or an allergy?’
Peter…’Mum , if I get sun stroke or have an allergy, I’ll find a doctor- anyway if I wear my sun
hat I won’t get sunstroke. Mum if you worry too much you’ll go grey!!
Write true or false in the following statement.
1.
If Peter loses his Passport, he will go straight the British Embassy
2.
Peter will not find a doctor if he gets an allergy.
3.
Peter will just get on a train if it is a long way.
3
4.
If Peter and Tony have an argument, they will fight.
5.
Peter´s mother will go grey if she worries too much.
CONSTRUCCIÓN DEL CONOCIMIENTO.
THE FIRST CONDITIONAL
Las oraciones condicionales tienen dos partes:
1. la oración subordinada con if que expresa una condición
2. la oración principal que expresa el resultado (si la condición se cumple o no)
La primera condicional habla de las posibles acciones o acontecimientos que pueden ocurrir o
no.
La oración condicional comienza con if y va generalmente en presente simple, mientras que la
oración principal va generalmente en futuro con “will” y describe lo que ocurrirá si la condición
se cumple, o no llega a cumplirse.
IF + SUJ + VERB + COMPLEMENT /// SUJ + WILL+ VERB+ COMPLEMENT
Ex: If Alice works hard, she will pass the test
If you play with matches, you will burn your fingers
Tanto la oración principal como la subordinada pueden ir en primer lugar, pero si la oración
subordinada va en primer lugar, hemos de poner una coma entre ambas.
Ex: If she likes the dress, she will buy it
La primera condicional puede usarse también para hacer sugerencias y dar instrucciones o
mandatos. En este uso se puede sustituir “will” por un modal o un imperativo.
Ex: If you go to Rome, you might visit the Coliseum
If you need my help, call me!
If you press this
button, the door will
open.
4
To practice
Please write and develop the following activities in your notebook.
Fill in the gaps
1 If the train is late, I………….(take) the bus.
2 If the museum is closed, we………..(go) shopping
3 If I forget my purse, I………….(borrow) some money from Sue.
4 If we are late, we………..(miss)the bus
Other word order
1. We will go to the seaside if the weather ………….(be) sunny
2. I’ll take the bus if it …………(rain)
3. My mother will kill me if she ……………….(find out)
4. My sister will cry if she ………….(lose) her doll.
Negatives
1. If I fail this exam I ………….(not do) it again.
2. If you wear those clothes you………….(get cold)
3. We ……(not go) to the seaside if it rains.
4. I………….(.not walk) if my foot hurts.
Class Activity
Please write and develop all the following exercises in your notebook.
Exercise 1:
A. Complete the sentences:
1.
You will be ill if you ______________ (eat) so much.
2.
If you wait he __________________ (come)
3.
If you ____________ (ring) the bell, the servant _____________ (come)
4.
If the children ______________ (be) good, they can stay up late.
5
5.
If the beggar _______________ (ask) for money, you ___________(give) him some.
6.
If you _______________ (buy) that big house, you ___________ (need) a lot of money.
7.
If you _______________ (put) the parcel on the table, the boy __________ (post) it for you.
B. Put the words in the right order and make any necessary changes to the verbs.
1.
She / Susan / you / if / see / to / speak / you /
2.
____________________________________________________________
3.
He / it / if / come / be / nice / very
4.
____________________________________________________________
5.
You / be / ill / if / not go / you / school / to
6.
____________________________________________________________
7.
They / if / not leave / not finish / alone / me / I / homework / my
8.
____________________________________________________________
C. Read the text and write TRUE or FALSE next to the sentences below.
YOGA
Yoga is an ancient system of movement and meditation.
Hindus developed yoga thousands of years ago. They wanted to have perfect control over the
body and mind.
Yoga is still practiced today. It helps keep your body healthy and your mind peaceful.
All yoga sessions end with Shavasana or the “dead pose.” Shavasana is very simple. Lie on your
back and keep your legs and arms straight. close your eyes and breathe deeply. Relax the
muscles in your legs. Start from the ankles and go up. Relax the muscles in your arms. Start
from the fingers and go towards the shoulders. Relax the muscles in your neck and face.
Breathe deeply and slowly.
When you do Shavasana, your pulse rate gets lower and your breathing gets slower. Very
experienced yogis can have o breathing rate of only four breaths per minute and a pulse rate of
under 50 beats per minute.
1. lf you do yoga, you will end with the Shavasana pose. …………………….
2. lf you do Shavasana, your pulse rote will get lower. ………………
3. lf your pulse rate gets lower, you will breathe more quickly. ……………….
4. lf you breathe slowly, your muscles won’t relax. ………………….
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5. lf your muscles relax, you will feel rested. ………………………..
6. lf your muscles relax, you will breathe more quickly. ………………………
Exercise 2:
A. Complete the following sentences
1.
What will happen if you don´t do homework?
I _________________________________________________ (fail) the course.
2.
What will happen if you take someone else´s belongings without permission?
I _________________________________________________ (be punished).
3.
What will happen if you don´t bring your materials to class?
I _________________________________________________ (learn) the lessons.
4.
What will happen if you are not on time for class?
I _________________________________________________ (miss) the class.
B. Match the sentences
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C. In these sentences, the situation may happen or not in the future, but the conditions
are realistic, so we think it might occur.
Ex: If it rains, they will get wet.
Or
Ex: They will get wet if it rains.
Now try to practice what you have just learnt:
1.
If he ____________ (study) hard, he ______________ (pass) the exam.
2.
If you __________ (practice) everyday, you _________ (play) violin very well.
3.
If she ___________ (eat) too much fast food, she __________ (put on) weight.
4.
He _____________ (buy) a farm in Alentejo if he ___________ (earn) lots of money.
5.
They ____________ (get) drunk if he ____________(drink) too much alcohol.
6.
If one ___________ (eat) an apple a day, one ___________ (keep) the doctor away.
7.
If John ___________ (not/follow) my advice, he ___________ (get) in trouble.
8.
If the court _________ (find) them guilty, they ____________(go) to jail.
9.
If he ___________ (save) enough money, he __________ (buy) a beach house.
10. I _____________ (go) to university if I ______________ (pass) this last exam.
D. Fill in the gaps with the type 1 conditional sentences.
1. If you _________ (squeeze) an orange, you ___________ (get) orange juice.
2. You _______ (put) on some more weight if you _______ (eat) too much sugar.
3. If I ________ (study) a lot, I ________ (pass) the year.
4. If you __________ (press) that button, the machine _________ (stop) functioning.
5. If you __________ (not / apologise), she ___________ (not / forgive) you.
6. If you __________ (wash) the dishes today, I __________ (dust) the house.
7. What __________ (happen) if I _________ (press) this button?
8. If there ___ (not / be) enough water in the next few years, many people ___ (die).
9. If we __________ (not / recycle), we __________ (put) our own survival at risk.
10. It ________ (be) damaged if you _________ (press) it too much.
11. If you _____ (touch) the dog, it ______ (bite) you.
12. Students _________ (get) good marks if they ________ (study) regularly.
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Exercise 3: Speaking activity
Look at the chart below and complete the sentences with your ideas, then ask one of your
classmate and finally share the information with the class.
Your answer
Your classmate answer
If you do not water plants,
If you study hard,
If you tell the teacher you forgot to do the
homework,
If you heat ice cubes,
If you fail to set your alarm,
If you meet the man/woman of your dreams,
if you sit in the sun too long,
If you go to London,
If you go to the gym,
Exercise 4: Listening activity
Fill in the blanks with information that you can hear from the record.
Clues: won´t like, Wedding
Use the words from the box.
anniversary, bears, skiing,
1) If you go to Europe, you’ll have a wonderful time for your ____________________.
2) If you go to that National Park, you’ll see many ________________.
3) If you go to Disneyland, you won’t see any _____________, you’ll see Mickey Mouse.
4) If you like __________, you can go to Colorado.
5) If your husband doesn’t like this sport, probably he ______________ to go there.
Now answer the following comprehension questions.
Clues: Waikiki Beach , Buckingham Palace, beautiful sunset at the
beach , Mickey Mouse, skiing, palm trees, Hawaii, beautiful flowers
1.
If you go to London, what place can you go to?
2.
If you go to Disneyland, what will you see?
3.
What can you do if you go to Colorado?
4.
If you go to Hawaii, which place can you go to?
5.
What can you see, if you go to Hawaii?
6.
Which place did the woman decide to go to for her wedding anniversary?
9
Desarrolla la siguiente actividad con ayuda
tus familiares o vecinos
de
Ask your relatives to complete the following situation and write their answers in the chart.
Mother/Father
Sister/Brother
Cousin/Aunt/Uncle
Grandmother/father
If you meet the man
of your dreams,
If you dial a wrong
number,
If you tell the boss
you were late for work
because you forgot to
set the alarm,
If you don’t pay your
credit card bill,
If you go out with no
makeup and wearing
your worst clothes
and with greasy hair,
If you don’t save
things on your
computer,
Referencias
bibliográficas
El profesor
evalúa los
logros alcanzados con el desarrollo de esta unidad .Si lo
considera necesario, me indica qué actividades de refuerzo debo realizar.
10
GUÍA No. 02
”Possibilities and Realities” (2 SEMANAS)
« Simple present review »
Identifica y entiende el uso del presente simple, por medio de la
descripción de sus pasatiempos y obligaciones en la vida cotidiana.
Read the text carefully
Alfred is an American boy. He lives in Los Angeles, California. He lives with his family in a
modern house. He is eleven years old and he has got an older brother, David, and a younger
sister, Emma.
He starts his day at about half past seven. He gets up, goes to the bathroom, takes a shower,
brushes his teeth and get dressed. Then he has breakfast and at a quarter to eight he leaves
home and catches the bus to school.
Classes begin at half past eight. He usually has lunch at the school canteen at half past twelve.
After school, at a quarter past five, he goes home. There he does his school homework and
when he finishes it he helps his Mum laying the table. At half past seven the family dines
together.
Alfred is a very helpful boy, so he helps his mother cleaning up everything after dinner.
He usually watches TV for a while after dinner and at about ten o’clock the most he brushes
his teeth again, puts on his Spider Man pajamas and goes to bed. His parents always kiss him
good night before he gets asleep. Alfred is a very happy boy!
True or false
1. Alfred is an American boy. ______________
2. He lives in a modern flat. _______________
3. He is eleven years old. _________________
4. He has got two brothers. _______________
5. Alfred wakes up at eight o’clock. __________
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6. He walks to school. ____________________
7. His classes begin at half past eight. _______
8. Alfred and his family have dinner at half past seven. ______________________________
Match the antonyms
modern
enters
older
alone
starts
end
leaves
old-fasioned
begin
unhappy
together
younger
helpful
happy
finishes
unhelpful
Answer the following questions
1. Where does Alfred live? --------------------------------------------------------------------------2. What’s his sister’s name? -------------------------------------------------------------------------3. What time does he wake up? ---------------------------------------------------------------------4. Does he have breakfast at home? ----------------------------------------------------------------5. What time does he leave home? ------------------------------------------------------------------6. Where does he have lunch? -----------------------------------------------------------------------7. When does he return home? ----------------------------------------------------------------------8. Does he make homework at school or at home? -------------------------------------------------9. Is he a helpful boy? -------------------------------------------------------------------------------10. What about you? What’s your daily routine like? -----------------------------------------------
CONSTRUCCIÓN DEL CONOCIMIENTO.
Presente Simple - (Simple Present Tense)
El Presente Simple es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para describir acciones habituales que
suceden con cierta frecuencia y no hace referencia a si está ocurriendo en el momento actual.
I play tennis. Yo juego al tenis.
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(Hace mención de un deporte que realizo cotidianamente y que no necesariamente lo estoy
jugando en este momento).
He works in an office. Él trabaja en una oficina.
(Se refiere al trabajo que desarrolla una persona frecuentemente).
They travel to Madrid. Ellos viajan a Madrid.
(Habla de un viaje que se repite a diario, aunque el sujeto no lo esté realizando ahora).
A continuación se muestran las formas afirmativa, interrogativa y negativa de este tiempo
verbal:
Affirmative
Negative
Interrogative
I play
I don't go
Do I play ?
You play
You don't go
Do you play ?
He/She/It plays
He/She/It
Does he/she/it
doesn't play
play ?
We play
We don't play
Do we play ?
They play
They don't play
Do they play ?
En el cuadro superior se ha tomado como ejemplo el verbo PLAY. Observe que en el modo
afirmativo, en la 3º persona del singular, se le añade una "S" al verbo.
He eats vegetables. Él come vegetales.
Alice dances at the theatre. Alice baila en el teatro.
The dog breaks the fence. El perro rompe la cerca.
En el modo interrogativo y negativo se utiliza el auxiliar DO, aunque en la 3º persona del
singular se coloca como auxiliar DOES y se le quita la "S" al verbo.
Existen algunos casos particulares como por ejemplo, si el verbo empleado termina en "SS",
"SH", "CH", "O" y "X" al formar la 3º persona del singular en la forma afirmativa se le agrega
"ES". Aquí vemos algunos ejemplos:
Si el verbo es FISH (pescar), se conjugará: He fishes at the sea. Él pesca en el mar.
Si el verbo es KISS (besar), se conjugará: She kisses to her boyfriend. Ella besa a su novio.
Si el verbo es WATCH (observar), se conjugará: He watches the mountain. Él observa la
montaña.
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Si el verbo es FIX (arreglar), se conjugará: He fixes his car. Él arregla su coche.
Si el verbo es GO (ir), se conjugará: She goes to the office. Ella va a la oficina.
Otra excepción se presenta si el verbo termina en "Y" tras consonante. Para formar la 3º
persona del singular se sustituye esta "Y" por una "i" acompañada de la terminación "ES". Por
ejemplo:
Si el verbo es STUDY (estudiar) se conjugará: She studies the lesson. Ella estudia la lección.
Para la forma negativa se puede emplear la forma contraída de DON'T en lugar de DO
NOT o DOESN'T en vez de DOES NOT.
I don't play tennis. Yo no juego al tenis.
He doesn't work in an office. Él no trabaja en una oficina.
They don't travel to Madrid. Ellos no viajan a Madrid.
Usos del presente simple
•
Acciones habituales (estilos de vida, hábitos, rutina diaria).
Lucas gets up at 9:00 am. Lucas se levanta a las nueve.
Paul and I do a lot of things every day. Paul y yo hacemos muchas cosas a diario.
•
Hechos o verdades generales.
The sun sets in the west. El sol se pone por el oeste.
The Earth goes around the sun. La Tierra gira alrededor del sol.
•
Situaciones permanentes.
Maria lives in Buenos Aires. María vive en Buenos Aires.
It costs a lot of money to stay at the Hilton. Cuesta mucho dinero alojarse en el Hilton.
•
If
Primer Condicional.
you
heat
butter,
it
melts. Si
calientas
manteca,
ésta
se
derrite.
Contact me if you need any help. Ponte en contacto conmigo si necesitas ayuda.
Expresiones usuales del presente simple
often
-
generally
-
usually
-
always
-
never
every day - every week - every month - every year – sometimes
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Vocabulary – Verbs
15
Vocabulary – Verbs
16
To practice: write and develop the following exercise in your notebook.
Use the previous vocabulary to write 10 sentences in simple present tense, then change the
sentences into negative and interrogative sentences.
Please write and develop the following exercises in your notebook.
Activity 1:
A. Complete the sentences with do, does, don´t, doesn´t.
1.
______ like Science?- yes, I ______.
2.
______ she play tennis? - No, she ______.
3.
______ they have good marks? - Yes, they ______.
4.
______ your father travel a lot? - Yes, he ______.
5.
______ the cat like fish? - Yes, it ______.
6.
______ the children speak French? - No, they ______.
B. Complete the sentences with the present simple.
1.
I ___________ (usually/go) for a walk after school.
2.
Tina ___________ (enjoy) dancing.
3.
School ___________(finish) at 6.15 p.m.
4.
mark ___________ (not/like) dancing.
5.
This actor ___________(make) very good movies.
6.
Where ___________ she ___________(keep) the keys?
C. Rewrite the following sentences in the negative form.
1.
He eats too many hamburgers. ____________________________________
2.
The children go to bed early. ____________________________________
3.
Mark likes ice-cream. ____________________________________
4.
We read the newspaper every day. ____________________________________
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D. Rewrite the following sentences in the interrogative form.
E.
1.
She likes coke. ____________________________________
2.
the children play in the park . ____________________________________
3.
Mr. Smith drives a bus. ____________________________________
4.
Mary usually does her homework after dinner. ____________________________________
Make sentences. Put the verbs in the
present simple and the frequency
adverbs in the right place.
1.
for / Tim / is / late / often / school?
____________________________________
2.
No, / rarely/ late is / he.
____________________________________
3.
often / he/ in / not behave / class /
badly.
____________________________________
4.
argue/ never / about / politics / they ____________________________________
5.
family/ she / for / cook/ usually / the / whole ____________________________________
6.
homework/ usually / does / at / his / seven/. ...........................................................................
7.
is / sister / late / my / always / .............................................................................................
8.
the / go / sometimes / to / cinema / we/..............................................................................................
9.
is / unhappy / James / never / ..............................................................................................
10. always / are / they / friendly / ...............................................................................................
11. often / the / school / walk / to / children..............................................................................................
12. after / usually / I / meet / friends / school / my. .............................................................................
13. pizza / mum / never / my / makes / ...............................................................................................
Activity 2:
A. What is the 3rd person singular of these verbs in the Present Simple?
1. go _________
6. drink ________
11. study _______
2. do_________
7. know________
12. carry_______
3. watch______
8. read________
13. try_________
4. finish______
9. come________
14. marry_______
5. be_________
10. have________
15. play________
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B. Complete the sentences using the correct form of these verbs in the Present Simple:
Watch study write buy start think spend drive give speak
C.
1.
___________ me a coat and I'll put it in my bedroom
2.
Margaret _________ her diet today.
3.
Mrs Ellison ________ 5 kilos of meat every Saturday.
4.
The doctor __________ Marcy is in great shape.
5.
Mary says you _______ five languages. You must be very intelligent.
6.
Every Monday I ___________ a composition in school.
7.
My family always ___________ their holidays in the south.
8.
James _________ television 10 hours a day!
9.
Janice is such a good student! She __________3 hours every night.
Rewrite the following statements in the negative form.
a) My mother makes a wonderful butter cake.
b) Peter and Maggie like a cup of coffee after dinner.
c) Your grandmother is a beautiful old lady
d) Your dog comes to my house every day.
e) Bill and Clay are very close friends.
f) Peter has got two cats.
g) My mother work in a bookshop in Oxford Street.
D. Write the questions to the following answers.
1. ___________________________________________? She lives at 25, Regent Street, London.
2. ___________________________________________? She is a new student at our school.
3. ___________________________________________? No, Mary doesn't have a computer at home.
4. ___________________________________________? Yes, children swim very well.
5. ___________________________________________? Carol is the best football player in school.
6. ___________________________________________? My brother wants to be a doctor.
Activity 3: Listening Exercise
Listen carefully and complete the text.
Clues: grown, are, taste, contain, makes, think, usually, vegetable, is, come,
twenty-five, white, does not, have, turn, animal
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Not All Carrots Are Orange
This is the VOA Special English Agriculture Report.
Carrots are ___________ on farms and in family gardens throughout the world. Carrots ________
easy to raise and easy to harvest. They _____________ good. And they ___________ a lot of
carotene, which the body _____________ into vitamin A.
When people __________ of carrots, they ___________ picture in their mind a ____________ that ____
long, thin and orange in color. But carrots ________ in many different sizes and shapes. And not
all carrots _____ orange.
For example, Paris Market carrots _______ about five centimeters around. Imperator carrots are
thin and about ____________ centimeters long. And Belgian White carrots are, as their
names suggests, _____________.
For the best results, carrots should be grown in sandy soil that _________ hold water for a long
time. The soil also should ________ no rocks.
To prepare your carrot garden, dig up the soil, loosen it and _____________ it over. Then, mix in
some plant material or __________ fertilizer.
Activity 4: Speaking exercise
Talk with your partners about their daily routines, then write the answers in the chart.
Questions
Friend 1
Friend 2
What t time do you get up in the morning?
What do you do on weekday evenings?
How often do you go to the gym? Do you like it?
How often do you go out on Saturday nights?
How often do you read a newspaper?
What do you do after you get up?
How often do you floss your teeth?
What do you like to do in your free time? Explain.
What time do you have lunch on Sundays?
What do you do in the afternoon?
Who do you usually party with?
What do you do at weekends?
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Look at the picture and write Kevin´s daily routine in your notebook.
El profesor evalúa los logros alcanzados con el desarrollo de esta unidad .Si lo
considera necesario, me indica qué actividades de refuerzo debo realizar.
21
GUÍA No. 03
”Real and Unreal Events” (3 SEMANAS)
Comprende textos que expresan acciones imaginarias o con muy
pocas probabilidades.
Before Reading
Vocabulary recognition. Match the word with the concept.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Recent _____
State _____
Drive _____
Road _____
Buy _____
Freeway _____
Shut down _____
Twice _____
Seat _____
A. a hard surface built for vehicles to travel on
B. to stop working
C. to obtain sth by paying money for it
D. to formally write or say sth, especially in a careful and clear way
E. two times; on two occasions
F. to operate a vehicle so that it goes in a particular direction
G. that happened or began only a short time ago
H. a place where you can sit, for example a chair
I. a wide road, with at least two LANES in each direction, where traffic
can travel fast for long distances between large towns.
Read the text carefully
Microsoft, GM
At a recent computer expo, Bill Gates reportedly compared the computer industry with the auto
industry and stated: “If GM had kept up with technology like the computer industry has, we
would all be driving twenty-five dollar cars that got 1000 miles to the gallon.” In response to
Bill’s comments, General Motors issued a press release the very next week.
If Microsoft made cars, we would all be driving cars with the following characteristics:
1.
For no reason whatsoever your car would crash twice a day.
2.
Every time they repainted the lines on the road you would have to buy a new car.
3.
Occasionally
your
car would
die on
the
freeway
for
no
reason,
and
you would just accept this, restart and drive on.
4.
Occasionally, executing a maneuver such as a left turn would cause your car to shut
down and refuse to restart. If that happened, you would have to reinstall the engine.
22
5.
Macintosh would make a car that was powered by the sun, reliable, five times as fast,
and twice as easy to drive, but would only run on five per cent of the roads.
6.
If something went wrong,
the
oil,
water
temperature
and
alternator
warning
lights would be replaced by a single “general car failure” warning light.
7.
New seats would force everyone to have the same size butt.
8.
If you had an accident, the airbag system would say, “Are you sure?” before going off.
9.
Occasionally for no reason whatsoever, your car would lock you out and refuse to let
you in until you simultaneously lifted the door handle, turned the key, and grab hold of
the radio antenna.
10. If GM introduced a new model, car buyers would have to learn how to drive all over
again because none of the controls would operate in the same manner as the old car.
11. If Microsoft made cars, you would press the “start” button to shut off the engine.
12. We would all have to switch to Microsoft Gas if we bought a Microsoft car.
13. If you were driving downhill really fast, with the headlights, air conditioning and CD
player on at the same time, you would get the following message: “This car has
performed an illegal operation and will be shut”.
True or false
1.
If your car refused to start, you would have to restart the engine
2.
If you had an accident, The airbag system would not say, “Are you sure?” before going off
3.
If we bought a Microsoft car, We would all have to switch to Microsoft Gas
4.
Car buyers would not have to learn how to drive all over again If GM introduced a new
model
5.
If Microsoft made cars, you would press the “start” button to shut off the engine.
CONSTRUCCIÓN DEL CONOCIMIENTO.
Second Conditional
Las oraciones condicionales de segundo tipo se caracterizan porque la condición es improbable
que se cumpla, aunque no es imposible. El verbo de la cláusula principal va en condicional.
Ex: If I ate more, I would be very fat
Si yo comiera más, estaría muy gordo
If I worked harder, I would pass the exam
Si yo trabajara más, pasaría el examen
23
Además, se utiliza esta forma condicional de forma similar al futuro, pero desde un tiempo
pasado.
Ex: I thought that she would buy a car
Pensaba que ella se compraría un coche
La oración condicional comienza con if y va pasado simple, mientras que la oración principal
va con “would”
IF + SUJ + VERB + COMPLEMENT /// SUJ + WOULD+ VERB+ COMPLEMENT
Ex: If Alice studied harder, she would pass the test
If I won the loterry, I would buy a house
Para la forma negativa, tenemos que anteponer la partícula not entre would y el verbo
principal. Para la contracción de la partícula negativa podemos escribir wouldn’t.
Ex: You would not say that
Tú no dirías eso
We shouldn’t buy that house
Nosotros no compraríamos esa casa
Para formar oraciones interrogativas negativas con este condicional del inglés tenemos que
anteponer not entre el auxiliar would y el verbo principal. También podemos usar la contracción
wouldn’t
Ex: Would you not go to the party?
¿No irías a la fiesta?
To practice: write and develop the following exercise in your notebook.
Complete the sentences
1.
If i ...........(earn) more money i would buy a new house.
2.
If she ...........(not water) the plants, they would die.
3.
Is she wasn’t a good player, she ................(not be) in the team.
4.
I .............(give) a party if i lived in a big house.
5.
What................(you/do) if you won the lottery?
Circle the right option
1.
If i knew/would know the answer i would tell you
2.
If mary had his cell phone number, she would phone/ phoned him.
24
3.
If he wouldn’t be/ wasn’t so shy, he would go to parties.
4.
If i were rich, i would travel/ travelled around the world.
5.
She would get the job if the would speak/ spoke engish.
Paraphrase these sentences using the second conditional
1.
I won’t buy it I don’t have enough money
If…………………………………………………………………………….
2.
I won’t make my bed, I don’t have time.
If…………………………………………………………………………
3.
He won’t go to the cinema, he doesn’t like films
If…………………………………………………………………………………………
4.
I never do my homework, so my teacher always gets angry with me.
If…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
5.
I don’t have a car, so i have to take the bus
If………………………………………………………………………………
Class Activity
Please write and develop all the following exercises in your notebook.
Exercise 1:
A. Complete the sentence in second conditionals.
1.
If he ____________ (study) hard, he ______________ (pass) the exam.
2.
If you __________ (practice) everyday, you _________ (play) violin very well.
3.
If she ___________ (eat) too much fast food, she __________ (put on) weight.
4.
He _____________ (buy) a farm in Alentejo if he ___________ (earn) lots of money.
5.
They ____________ (not/get) drunk if he ____________(drink) too much alcohol.
6.
If one ___________ (eat) an apple a day, one ___________ (keep) the doctor away.
7.
If John ___________ (follow) my advice, he ___________ (not/get) in trouble.
25
8.
If the court _________ (find) them guilty, they ____________(go) to jail.
9.
If he ___________ (save) enough money, he __________ (buy) a beach house.
10. I _____________ (go) to university if I ______________ (pass) this last exam.
B. Match the beginnings of the sentences to the correct endings, to make logical
conditional sentences.
1. If I were taller,
a. … if I thought he really loved me.
2. I'd buy a new computer…
b. … you lost your job?
3. How would you feel if…
c. … if you apologized.
4. If you could visit any country in the world,
d. … I'd come to the party with you.
5. He'd be really upset…
e. … if he knew about the theft.
6. I'd marry him tomorrow…
f. … I wouldn't have to wear high heeled
shoes.
7. I'd forgive you…
g. … if I had enough money.
8. If I didn't feel so ill,
h. … where would you go?
C. Word Order. Choose the 5 words which complete each sentence:
1.
… … … … … marry him, would you say yes?
he
2.
to if would asked asks you
How would we keep in touch … … … … …?
to didn't we have if did computers
3.
… … … … … if the pay was lower than it is?
leave you left job your if would
4.
If she … …, … … … going out with her.
he beautiful wouldn't isn't wasn't being be
5.
If people … … …, … … be fewer wars.
more would there tolerant wouldn't were are
6.
If you … … …, … … be able to communicate.
speak spoke speaking couldn't wouldn't we English
26
Exercise 2:
A. Fill in the gaps so as to build correct type 2 conditional sentences.
1. If I __________ (be) you, I ___________ (study) for the final exam.
2. If my parents __________ (be) rich, I __________ (not / need) to work so much.
3. If Sara ___________ (have) a good handwriting, I could understand her texts!
4. If my computer __________ (function) properly, I __________ (use) it more often.
5. You __________ (be) healthier if you __________ (eat) less red meat.
6. If we __________ (eat) more vegetables, our body __________ (be) healthier.
7. If you ________ (tidy) up your bedroom every day, it ________ (not / be) in a mess.
8. I __________ (not / do) the chores myself if I __________ (have) more money.
9. We could stay in Tom’s house, if he ___________ (live) in a big house.
10. There _______ (be) confrontation if the two opposite cheerleaders ______ (appear).
11.
12. If they ________ (know) more vocabulary, they______(be) able to understand more easily.
Exercise 3: Listening activity
You will hear several persons who will answer the following question “What would you do if
you won ten millions dollars?”
Write five answers that you hear.
Clues: buy, retire, quit, job, invest, help, travel, charity, give,
pay, go on vacation, bills, bank, drink wine, husband, island,
1.
______________________________________________________________________________
2.
______________________________________________________________________________
3.
______________________________________________________________________________
4.
______________________________________________________________________________
5.
______________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 4: Speaking activity
•
In pairs pick one of the unlikely situations and tell your partner what you would do in
that situation using the 2nd conditional.
•
•
Example- win the lottery
If I won the lottery, I would take all of my friends on a big holiday and then I would buy
myself a big house with a big field so I could have horses.
27
What would you do
if you saw an alien?
What would you do if
you inherited a great
amount of money?
What three wishes would
you make if you had a
magic lamp?
If you could be the
king of a country,
which country would
you choose?
What would you do
if you found out that
your sister/brother
were a thief?
What would you do if
you, unintentionally,
killed someone?
What would you do if you
woke up one day and
found out that everything
you have were gone?
What would you do if a
friend told everybody
your secret?
What would you do
if you were invisible?
What would you do if
you were chosen as a
Christian Dior model?
What would you do if you
had to choose between
your love and the richest
man in the world?
What would you do if
you got pregnant when
you didn’t want a
baby?
What would you do
if you woke up one
morning and found
yourself on a
deserted island?
What would you do if
you had a magic wand?
Who would you help first
in an accident? Your
mother/ your child/ your
husband?
What is the first thing
you would do if you
were the GOD?
28
Desarrolla la siguiente actividad con ayuda
tus familiares o vecinos
de
If I had a Million Dollars Questions
Exercise 1: Please answer the questions
1.
If you had a million dollars, what would you do?
A: If I had a million dollars I would buy a/an _____________.
2.
If you were a math genius, what would you do?
A: If I were a math genius I would become a/an ____________.
3.
If you had an airplane, what would you do?
A: If I had an airplane I would fly to __________.
4.
If you were a teacher, what would you do?
A:
5.
If you sang like a star, what would you do?
A:
Exercise 2: Interview
Create 5 questions and ask them to your neighbor.
(make sure you write he, she, or my partner.)
El profesor evalúa los logros alcanzados con el desarrollo de esta unidad .Si lo
considera necesario, me indica qué actividades de refuerzo debo realizar.
29
GUÍA No. 04
”Real and Unreal Events” (2 SEMANAS)
“Past Simple Review”
Relata situaciones y hechos que sucedieron el pasado acerca de
temas con los que tiene familiaridad.
READ THE FOLLOWING TEXT CAREFULLY.
Mrs. White’s grandfather lived with her and her husband. Every morning he went for a walk in
the park and came home at half past twelve for lunch.
One morning a police car stopped outside Mrs. White’s house at twelve o’clock and the policeman
helped Mr. White to get out. One of them said to Mrs. White, “The poor old gentleman lost his
way in the park and telephoned us for help. So a car was sent to bring him home.”
Mrs. White was very surprised, but she thanked the policemen and they left.
“Grandfather, you have been to that park nearly every day for twenty years. How did you lose
your way there?”
The old man smiled, closed one eye and said, “ I didn’t quite lose my way. I just got tired and
I didn’t want to walk home!”
A. All these statements are FALSE. Correct them.
1.
Mrs. White’s grandfather lived alone. __________________________________
2.
Every afternoon he went for a walk in the park. __________________________
3.
He usually returned home for dinner. __________________________________
4.
One evening a police car stopped in front of Mrs. White’s house. ___________________
5.
Mr. White was informed that her grandfather had been attacked. _____________________
B. Answer the following questions.
1.
Who did Mrs. White’s grandfather live with?_________________________________________
2.
What did he use to do every morning?_______________________________________________
3.
What time did he come back home?____________________________________
4.
What happened one morning at twelve o’clock?_______________________________________________
5.
What did the old man tell the police when he phoned them?_______________________________
6.
Why was Mrs. White surprised?______________________________________________
7.
Did the old man lose his way in the park?____________________________________________
8.
Why did he phone the police?_____________________________________________________
30
Ask the questions.
1.
___________________________________________? Yes, Mrs. White was married.
2.
__________________________________________ ? She thanked the policemen.
3.
__________________________________________? No, she didn’t believe in the policemen’s story.
4.
_________________? The old man was very clever because he fooled the policeman.
Pasado Simple - (Simple Past Tense)
El Pasado Simple es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para describir acciones que han sucedido
en un tiempo anterior y que ya han finalizado, por ejemplo:
She cleaned her house.
Ella limpió su casa.
I broke the window.
Yo rompí la ventana.
Aquí vemos su conjugación que en el español equivale al Pretérito Indefinido. Observa que la
estructura de la oración es similar a la del Presente Simple:
Affirmative
Negative
Interrogative
I went
I didn't go
Did I go ?
You went
You didn't go
Did you go ?
He/She/It went
He/She/It didn't go
Did he/she/it go ?
We went
We didn't go
Did we go ?
They went
They didn't go
Did they go ?
Tanto en la forma interrogativa como en negativa se utiliza como auxiliarDID que es la forma
pasada del verbo "TO DO" y acompaña al verbo principal en su forma infinitiva. En las
negaciones puede utilizarse la forma contraída de DID NOT o sea DIDN'T. En el cuadro
superior se emplea el verbo To Play (Jugar) a modo de ejemplo.
Al expresar una oración en Pasado Simple se entiende que la acción no guarda relación con el
presente, como vemos en los siguientes casos:
31
He lost the keys. Él perdió las llaves.
(Puede que en el presente las haya encontrado).
She lent me a book. Ella me prestó un libro.
(Puede que ya se lo haya devuelto).
También es posible indicar el momento en que se desarrolla la acción para indicar el tiempo
con mayor precisión:
They saw the movie last night. Ellos vieron la película anoche.
We went to London yesterday. Nosotros fuimos a Londres ayer.
Para poder formar una oración en tiempo pasado debemos distinguir dos tipos: VERBOS
REGULARES y VERBOS IRREGULARES.
En el primero de los casos forman su Pasado Simple añadiendo la terminación ED al infinitivo,
mientras que los irregulares reciben ese nombre por no seguir un patrón determinado y en
este caso deben estudiarse individualmente.
Usos del pasado simple
•
Acciones pasadas que tuvieron lugar en determinado momento
y que ya han finalizado.
My parents didn't work last week. Mis padres no trabajaron la semana pasada.
Lina worked in a bank from 1995 to 2002. Lina trabajó en un banco desde 1995 a 2002.
•
Hechos pasados expresados en secuencia.
Sheila got up at 7 am, had breakfast, took a shower and went to work at 9 am.
Sheila se levantó a las 7, desayunó, se duchó y fue a trabajar a las 9.
Expresiones usuales del pasado simple
yesterday
-
last
night
-
before
-
ago
-
in
2002
on their vacation - last weekend - last month - last year
32
Vocabulary Irregular verbs
Infinitive
arise
be
beat
become
begin
bet/betted
bite
bleed
blow
break
bring
build
buy
catch
choose
come
cost
creep
cut
deal
do
draw
dream
drink
drive
eat
fall
feed
feel
fight
find
flee
fly
forget
forgive
forsake
freeze
get
give
go
grind
grow
hang
have
hear
hide
hit
hold
hurt
keep
kneel
know
lead
learn
leave
lend
let
lie
lose
Simple Past
arose
was / were
beat
became
began
bet/betted
bit
bled
blew
broke
brought
built
bought
caught
chose
came
cost
crept
cut
dealt
did
drew
dreamt/dreamed
drank
drove
ate
fell
fed
felt
fought
found
fled
flew
forgot
forgave
forsook
froze
got
gave
went
ground
grew
hung
had
heard
hid
hit
held
hurt
kept
knelt
knew
led
learnt/learned
left
lent
let
lay
lost
Spanish
surgir
ser
golpear
convertirse
comenzar
apostar
morder
sangrar
soplar
romper
traer
construir
comprar
atrapar
elegir
venir
costar
arrastrarse
cortar
dar, repartir
hacer
dibujar
soñar
beber
conducir
comer
caer
alimentar
sentir
pelear
encontrar
huir
volar
olvidar
perdonar
abandonar
congelar
tener, obtener
dar
ir
moler
crecer
colgar
tener
oír
esconderse
golpear
tener, mantener
herir, doler
guardar
arrodillarse
saber
encabezar
aprender
dejar
prestar
dejar
yacer
perder
Infinitive
make
mean
meet
pay
put
quit
read
ride
ring
rise
run
say
see
sell
send
set
sew
shake
shine
shoot
show
shrink
shut
sing
sink
sit
sleep
slide
sow
speak
spell
spend
spill
split
spoil
spread
stand
steal
sting
stink
strike
swear
sweep
swim
take
teach
tear
tell
think
throw
tread
understand
wake
wear
weave
weep
win
wring
write
Simple Past
made
meant
met
paid
put
quit/quitted
read
rode
rang
rose
ran
said
saw
sold
sent
set
sewed
shook
shone
shot
showed
shrank/shrunk
shut
sang
sank
sat
slept
slid
sowed
spoke
spelt/spelled
spent
spilt/spilled
split
spoilt/spoiled
spread
stood
stole
stung
stank/stunk
struck
swore
swept
swam
took
taught
tore
told
thought
threw
trode
understood
woke
wore
wove
wept
won
wrung
wrote
Spanish
hacer
significar
conocer, encontrar
pagar
poner
abandonar
leer
montar, ir
llamar por teléfono
elevar
correr
decir
ver
vender
enviar
fijar
coser
sacudir
brillar
disparar
mostrar
encoger
cerrar
cantar
hundir
sentarse
dormir
deslizar
sembrar
hablar
deletrear
gastar
derramar
partir
estropear
extenderse
estar de pie
robar
picar
apestar
golpear
jurar
barrer
nadar
tomar
enseñar
romper
decir
pensar
lanzar
pisar
entender
despertarse
llevar puesto
tejer
llorar
ganar
retorcer
escribir
33
To practice: write and develop the following exercise in your notebook.
A. Tell the story in Simple Past
Saturday in the countryside
On Friday, Nick, Jenny, Charlie and Bill _______ (talk) about a day out together in the country.
The next morning, they _________ (go) to the country and _________ (play) with Dave.
Jenny and Dave _______ (have) kites. At lunch time, Charlie ________ (be) not there. Then,
Bill ________ (come) and _______ (tell) the others that he _______ (do) not find Charlie.
They ________(go) with Bill and ________ (look) for him. Charlie ________ (be) in a hole behind a
wall. Then Nick ________ (go) and ________ (fetch) the basket with some meat sandwiches.
They ________ (need) the string of Ben’s kite for the basket. Jenny _________ (lower) the basket
down into the hole and soon they ________ (pull) Charlie up in the basket.
B. Classify the verbs into regular and irregular
REGULAR
IRREGULAR
C. Choose four sentences from the text and change them into negative and interrogative
sentences.
Ex: Charlie and Bill did not talk about a day out together in the country
Did Charlie and Bill talk about a day out together in the country?
34
Class Activity
Please write and develop all the following exercises in your notebook.
Exercise 1:
A. Fill in the blanks with the past simple of the verbs in brackets.
Last summer, Peter, his brothers and cousins ___________ (have) very interesting holidays. They
___________ (go) camping in the mountains. They ___________(spend) a wonderful time. They
usually ___________ (wake up) early in the morning with the birds singing and they ___________
(get up) feeling fresh. Before breakfast, they ___________ (go) for a walk.
They sometimes ___________ (go) to the village, where they ___________ (buy) what they needed.
During the day they ___________ (play) cards, they ___________(swim) in the river, they
___________(play) guitar or ___________(listen) to music. They ___________(have) a lot of fun.
B.
Are these statements True (T) or false (F)?
Correct the false ones.
1.
Paul, his brothers and his cousins had very nice holidays. ____________________________________
2.
They went to the seaside. _____________________________________
3.
They usually woke up late in the morning. _____________________________________
4.
They never went to the village. _____________________________________
5.
During the day they went to the cinema. _____________________________________
6.
They had a lot of fun. _____________________________________
C.
Answer the questions
Where did Paul go last year? ___________________________________
What did they usually do before breakfast? ___________________________________
Where did they buy what they need? ___________________________________
Did they have a lot of fun? ______________________________________________________
Did they pay football during the day? ________________________________________________________
D.
Make negative sentences
1.
They went camping in the mountains. _________________________________________________________
2.
They sometimes went to the village. __________________________________________________________
3.
They had a strange adventure. _________________________________________________________________
4.
Peter swan in the river. _________________________________________________________________________
35
Exercise 2:
A. Match each sentence with the right picture
1. My mother served dinner at 8.30 pm.
6. I got up and went to the bathroom.
7. I went to bed at 10.30 pm.
8. I had breakfast in the kitchen. I ate
some toast and drank a glass of milk.
9. My mother woke me up at seven.
10. I had a shower.
11. Then I played with my friends.
12. My mother gave me my lunch to
take to school.
13. After school, I did my homework.
14. I got dressed.
15. I prepared my schoolbag before
going to bed.
16. I went to school by bike.
36
B. Now write the text in the right order.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________
C. Answer the following questions about the text. (Follow the example).
1. Who woke me up? Your mother did.
2. What did I do after getting up? ______________________________________________________________
3. Where did I have breakfast? _______________________________________________________________
4. What did I have for breakfast? _______________________________________________________________
5. How did I go to school? ______________________________________________________________
6. What did I do after school? _____________________________________________________________
D. Ask the questions.
1. ________________________________________?
I played with my friends after doing my homework.
2. __________________________________________?
I had dinner at 8.30 pm.
3. __________________________________________?
Yes, I prepared my schoolbag before going to bed.
4. __________________________________________?
No, I didn’t go to bed at midnight.
E.
Do the crossword
HINT
Caught, Won, Ate, Shone, Spoke
Cost, Flew, Woke, Understood,
Fought, Found, Read, Got, Drank
Broke, Swam, Went, Saw, Bought,
Drove
37
Across
1 The weather was great! The sun ________
Down
all day!
3 I ____ $10,000 in the Jumbo Lottery!
1 I ________ to an American for the first
4 I _____ breakfast very early today.
time.
5 My new suit _______ $300.
2 Jill threw the ball, and I __________ it.
7 When I was a kid, I often _____ with my
3 My mother __________ shopping yesterday.
brother.
6
8 I _______ British Airways to America last
supermarket.
year.
9 James __________ up at 9:00.
11 Susie _____ up very late last weekend.
10 I __________ ten Pounds in the street.
12 I ___________ the question.
13 He _________ to work in his new car.
16 Tom __________ four books last month
14 I _______ a good movie last weekend.
17 Andrew _________ in the sea yesterday.
15 My boss ________ too much at the office
18 I dropped my Walkman, and it ______.
party.
I
____________
some
fruit
at
the
Exercise 3: Speaking Activity
Create a conversation with your group in simple past tense in oder to performance in from of
the classroom. Use the chart below in order to get some ideas.
WHERE / go ?
WHO /meet ?
WHERE/sleep?
WHAT /bring?
HOW/
HOW LONG/stay?
feel?
Italy
in the car
very
good
my
friends
France
some
at
a
glasses
hotel
one
week
very
tired
my
wife
China
some toys
outside
my
a
month
amazing
a nice lamp
a few days
neighbour
38
Exercise 4. Listening Activity
Listening the conversation and answer the following questions.
1.
What did he do yesterday? _________________________________________________________________
2.
What movie did he see? _________________________________________________________________
3.
Was the movie exciting? _________________________________________________________________
4.
What did she do? _________________________________________________________________
5.
Was the food good? _________________________________________________________________
Write a short text about what you did the last weekend.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________
El profesor revisa mis trabajos, registra mi progreso y me felicita por terminar las
actividades del tercer periodo.
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