Spanish Language and Culture Unidad 10 - ¡Buen Viaje!

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Nombre:__________________________________________Clase:__________Fecha:______________________
Spanish Language and Culture Unidad 10 - ¡Buen Viaje!
Guía de estudios
Spanish Language and Culture - Unidad 10 ¡Buen Viaje!
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A. El futuro
Fature: Forms
vo
hablard
vender6
vivir6
ir6
-6
rf
hablards
venderds
viviri{s
irds
-ris
61,ella, Ud.
hablarr{
venderd
vivir:1
tra
-a
nosotros
hablaremos
venoeremos
viviremos
iremos
-emos
v0sotros
hablar6is
venderdis
vivir6is
lrers
-ets
ellos, ellas,Uds.
hablardn
venderdn
Ylvlran
iriin
-r{n
In Spanishthe future is a simple tense consistingof one word. It is
formed as follows:
-+
All verbs have the same set of future endings.
-+
For most verbs, the future stem is the infinitive.
->
Verbs that have an accent mark in the infinitive lose this accent
mark in the future.
oir --+ oir6
->
reir -+ reir6
A few verbs have irregularfuture stems.Note that all future stems
end in the consonantr.
exdvtFion
"No temasal futuro"
'
INT'iNITIVE
294
Unldad
FUTURE STEM
lO
INFINITIVE
FUTURE
STEM
poder
podr-
decir
dir-
poner
pondr-
hacer
har-
salir
saldr-
querer
querr-
tener
tendr-
haber (hay)
habr- (habr6)
venir
vendr-
saber
sabr-
Uses
The future tense is generally used to describe events that x,i11(or will not)
happen some time in the future.
Llegaremos
a la una.
Spanish
Language al
andaeropuerto
Culture - Unidad
10 ¡Buen Viaje! We will arrive at the airport at one.
El avi6n no har6 escala en Montevideo.
1,Cu6ndosaldrii el tren?
Me ir6 a las dos.
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The plane will not mske a stop in Montevideo.
When will the train leave:
I will lesve at tx'o o'clock.
salir
saldr-
querer
querr-
tener
tendrhaber (hay)
habr- (habr6)
venir
vendrsaber
sabr-
Uses
The future tense is generally used to describe events that x,i11(or will not)
happen some time in the future.
Llegaremos al aeropuerto a la una.
El avi6n no har6 escala en Montevideo.
1,Cu6ndosaldrii el tren?
Me ir6 a las dos.
-+
We will arrive at the airport at one.
The plane will not mske a stop in Montevideo.
When will the train leave:
I will lesve at tx'o o'clock.
In Spanish,as in English,the future is used to expressthe result
of a suppositionwhich concernsthe future. It describeswhat n,i//
happenif a certainconditionis met.
Si el autobrisno llesa. tomaremos
un taxi.
If the bus doesn't come, we will take
a taxi.
The future is sometimesused to wonder about or expressa guess
concerningthe present.This is calledthe FUTURE
oF pRoBABrLrry.
6Qud hora serd?
Ser6n las tres.
I wonder what time it is.
It is probably (it must be) three o'clock.
q,D6ndeestar6 Paco?
Estard en la sala de espera.
I wonder u'here Pttctt i.s.
He is probably (he must be) in the v,aiting
room.
Nadie estardmds
en demanda
en los prdximos
20 afrosque los
Programadores
de computadoras.
Estructurasgramaticates
295
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B. El condicional
Conditional: Forms
yo
hrblarfa
viviria
rrta
vendria
-ia
'
hablarias
vrvlrras
irias
vendrfas
-ias
6l,rella, Ud.
hablarfa
Ylvlrta
lrla
vendria
-ia
nosotros
hablariamos
vtvtrtamos
iriamos
vendriamos
-iamos
uo*otros , '
elio$,ellas,.,Uds.
hablariais
vlvlnals
iriais
vendrfais
-iais
hablarian
yivirian
irian
vendrian
-ian
tri
In Spanish,the conditional is a simple tense consistingof one word. It
is formed accordingto the pattern:
The conditionalendingsare the samefor all'verbs.
verbs which are irregularin the future have the sameirreeularstem
in the conditional.
Uses
The conditional is often used to express what would (or wourd not)
I
I happenif a certainconditionwere met.
Con m6s dinero,
comprariaun billete de primera clase.
En tu lugar,
me abrochariael cintur6n.
-r'
In such sentences,the condition is often expressedby si * imperfect subjunctive
(seepage368).
Si estuvi6ramos de vacaciones,
viajariamos.
298
With more money(but I don't have any more),
I wouldbuy afirst class ticket.
In your place (but I am not in your place),
I wouldfastenmy seat belt.
If we were on vacation (but we are
not). we would trsvel.
The conditional is used to make polite requests with verbs such as
Unidad ro
gustar, poder, and deber.
Me gustaria alquilar un coche.
l,Podria Ud. reservarme un billete para
el 10?
Deberias confirmar la reservaci6n antes
de ir al aeropuerto.
I would like to rent a cor.
Could you reserve a ticket for me for
the l}th?
You should confirm your reservation
before going to the airport.
The conditional is also used to describe future events in relation to
a point of reference in the past. This usage occurs frequently in
(such as decir, declarar,
when the
verb
speech
declarative
Spanishindirect
Language
and Culture
- Unidad
10 ¡Buen
Viaje!
anunciar, responder) is in a past tense. Compare the use of tenses
in the sentencesbelow and note how Spanish and English usage is
similar.
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Me gustaria alquilar un coche.
I would like to rent a cor.
para
reservarme
Could you reserve a ticket for me for
Ud.
un
billete
l,Podria
el 10?
the l}th?
Deberias confirmar la reservaci6n antes
You should confirm your reservation
de ir al aeropuerto.
before going to the airport.
The conditional is also used to describe future events in relation to
a point of reference in the past. This usage occurs frequently in
indirect speech when the declarative verb (such as decir, declarar,
anunciar, responder) is in a past tense. Compare the use of tenses
in the sentencesbelow and note how Spanish and English usage is
similar.
Se anunciaque el avi6n llegard con
retraso.
Se anunci6que el avi6n llegariacon
relraso.
They are announcing that the pLane will
srrive late.
They announced that the plane would
qrrive late.
After a declarativeverb, future events are expressed according to
the following sequenceof tenses:
present
future
past (preterite, imperfect, etc.) -+ conditional
The conditionalis used to wonder or expressa guessabout the
nast. This is calledthe coNntrtoNAloF pRoBABILIry.
1,Qu6hora seria?
Serianlas seis y media.
I wonder what time it wus.
It was probably half past six.
;D6nde estariaCatalina?
Estaria en la oficina de informaci6n.
I wonder wltere Catalina was.
She wasprobably at the information ffice.
Estructurasgramaticales
299
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C. El pluscuamperfecto
Pluperfect:Forms
yo
habia hablado
nosotros
habfamoshablado
t(
habias hablado
vosotros
habiais hablado
61, ella, Ud.
habia hablado
ellos, ellas, Uds. habian hablado
The pluperfect is a compoundtense that is formed as follows:
i#$+ib.$+ii+.+ihi,,]
NNy
BALEARES
Uses
La gran evasirin.
Mallorca:<€ncontr6
todo1oquesiemprehabfabuscado>.
I In Spanishas in English,the pluperfectis used to describewhat had
I happenedbeforeanotherpast event or point of time in the past.
Este verano fuimos a Espafla.
->
Nunca antes habiamos ido al extranjero.
This summer we went to Spain.
We had never gone abroad before.
Ayer recogi los pasajesque
habia reservadola semanapasada.
Yesterday I picked up the tickets that
I had resemed last week.
Cuando Carlos lleg6 a la estaci6n,
el tren ya habia salido.
When Carlos arrived at the station,
the train had already left.
In Spanishas in English, the pluperfect is used in indirect speech
when the declarativeverb is in the past tenseand referenceis made
to a previous past action. Compare the sequenceof tensesin the
following examples:
El altoparlanteanunciaque el avi6n de
Quito ha llegado.
El altoparlanteanunci6que el avi6n de
Quito habia llegado.
tO2
The loudspeakeris announcingthat the
plane from Quito has anived.
The loudspeakerannouncedthat the
plane from Quito had qrrived.
unidad ro
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D. El futuro perfecto
Future perfect: Forms
yo
habr6 hablado
nosotros
habremoshablado
tri
habrds hablado
vosotros
habr€is hablado
61, ella, Ud.
hatrrr{ hablado
ellos, ellas,Uds. habrdn hablado
The future perfect is formed as follows:
Uses
I
In Spanishas in Englishthe future perfectis used to expresswhat
will have happenedby a certainpoint in time.
*>
El avi6n aterrizard pronto.
El avi6n habrd aterrizadodentro de una
hora.
The plane will land soon.
The plane will huve landed within one
hour.
Los m6dicosdescubrir dnuna cura
para el c6ncer.
Habrrin descubier toesta cura para el
aflo 2000.
The doctors will discover a cure for
cancer.
They will have discovered this cure by
the year 2000.
The future perfect is sometime sused to expressa guessor a
suppositio nabout what may have happenedin the past.
Andrds lleg6 con retraso.
Habrd perdido el autobris.
Andrds qrrived late.
He must have (He may have, He probabty)
missed the bus.
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Spanish Language and Culture Unidad 10 - ¡Buen Viaje!

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