UCAYALI/ENE BASIN, PERU, HYDROCARBON

UCAYALI/ENE BASIN, PERU, HYDROCARBON EVALUATION
PERUPETRO S.A./PARSEP
Perupetro S.A.:
Figure 2: Structural Features, Seismic and
Wells.
PARSEP is a joint technical agreement
between Peru and Canada. Teknica
Overseas Ltd. and Perupetro S.A.
performed the technical work on this
Cretaceous/Permian section, within the
Camisea Fold Thrust Belt (FTB).
Appraisal wells on each of these two
fields proved world-class reserves. The
Mipaya 1X well was a small gas
discovery. Shell made the Pagoreni 1X
gas/condensate discovery in the Camisea
area in 1998. Perupetro S.A. took over
Petroperu former role in exploration
contracts negotiations in 1993. Pluspetrol
and partners won development of the
Camisea gas project in 2000.
Petroperu
Ucayali
PARSEP
Ucayali
North and
Corrientes
Marañon
Pebas
Chambira
Pozo Shale
Pozo Sand
Ipururo
Chambira
Pozo Shale
Pozo Sand
Ipururo
Chambira
Pozo Shale
Pozo Sand
Lower Red
Beds
Yahuarango
Yahuarango
Yahuarango
Basal Tertiary
Upper Vivian
Huchpayacu
Cachiyacu
Lower Vivian
Pona
Lupuna
Upper Cetico
Caliza
Casa Blanca
Huchpayacu
Cachiyacu
Vivian
Upper Vivian
Lower Vivian
Chonta
Chonta
Oxy
Q
Pozo Shale
Pozo Sand
Cachiyacu
Vivian
Chonta shale
Chonta Lmst
Chonta Sand
Cachiyacu
PARSEP
Ucayali South
Yahuarango
Upper Vivian
Cachiyacu
Lower Vivian
Chonta
Low ChontaSd
BasalChontaSd
Lower Cetico
Agua Caliente
Agua Caliente
Agua Caliente
Agua Caliente
Raya
Raya
Raya
Raya
Cushabatay
Cushabatay
Cushabatay
Cushabatay
Sarayaquillo
Sarayaquillo
Sarayaquillo
Sarayaquillo
TERTIARY
Upper Red
Beds
Evaporitic Unit
Pucará
AGE
Marañon
CRETACEOUS
project. Other evaluations include the
onshore Huallaga, Santiago and Marañon
Basins and the offshore Trujillo/Salaverry
Basin (Figures 1 and 2).
2. SCOPE OF PROJECT
This project was intended to be a
regional geophysical and geological
evaluation to identify new play types
through the interpretation of digital
seismic and well data, defining the
stratigraphic and structural framework of
the basin, combined with an analysis of
the exploratory drilling since 1990. The
project succeeded with the completion of
a database to include standardized
geological data, quality control of over
15,000 km of 2D SEGY seismic data,
synthetic seismograms tied to seismic and
wire-line logs from 40 new field wildcats,
a well database in Access and
technical reports of old and recent
exploration activities.
A series of stratigraphic and
structural cross-sections were strung
across the basin to standardize the
stratigraphy. SEGY seismic data was
interpreted using UNIX based and PC
based seismic interpretation softwares.
Geological softwares were used for
mapping, well log editing and crosssection construction. Supplementing
the work was a Tectonic Study by A.
Tankard. The Ucayali/Ene study
represents a staging point to be
continued by a more detailed study.
3. PREVIOUS WORK
Well Ganso Azul 1 discovered 43o
API oil in the Cretaceous Cushabatay
Formation in the Agua Caliente
structure in 1937. It was followed by
discovery of 37o API oil from Vivian
sands in Maquia in 1957 and gas and
condensate in Cushabatay reservoirs in
Aguaytia by Mobil in 1962. In the 80`s
the San Martin 1X and Cashiriari 1X
Shell wells tested 41 MMcf/d gas and
1,626 b/d condensate and 56.7 MMcf/d
gas and 1,553 b/d condensate from a
JURAS
Figure 1: Area of investigation of PARSEP.
Gary Wine, Senior Geologist, Project Leader
Robert Parker, Senior Geophysicist
Condorsinga
Aramachay
Chambara
Red Beds
Pucará
Pucará
Pucará
Mitu
Mitu
Mitu
Mitu
Ene
Ene
Ene
Ene
Copacabana
Tarma
Copacabana
Tarma
TRIAS
Study Area
Teknica:
ORD DEV CARB PERM
Elmer Martinez, Senior Geophysicist
Justo Fernandez, Senior Geologist
Ysabel Calderon, Geologist
Carlos Galdos, Geophysicist
1. INTRODUCTION
This presentation is a summary of the
Ucayali/Ene Basin Technical Report1 one
of five PARSEP evaluations of the
hydrocarbon potential of the Peruvian
Sub-Andean Basins.
Copacabana /Tarma
Copacabana /Tarma Green Sandstone
Agua Caliente (1)
Absent
Pucará (Pongo Mainique)
Red Upper SS Fm
Bed Mid Mudstone Fm
Group Lower SS Fm (2)
Shinai Member
Ene Noipatsite Mbr
Ene SS Mbr
Copacabana /Tarma
Green Sandstone
Ambo
Ambo
Ambo
Ambo
Ambo
Cabanillas
Cabanillas
Cabanillas
Cabanillas
Cabanillas
Contaya
Contaya
Contaya
Contaya
Basement
(1) Basal Chonta + Upper Nia Kaatsirinkari
(2) Lower Nia Kaatsirinkari
Figure 3: Stratigraphic Columns for the Sub
Andean Basins of Peru.
• Production
Three oilfields (Agua Caliente, Maquia
and Pacaya) and five gas-condensate
fields (Aguaytia, San Martin, Cashiriari,
Pagoreni and Mipaya) have been
discovered in the Ucayali Basin. Current
oil production amounts to approx 600 b/d
from A. Caliente, Maquia and Aguaytia.
NW
CONINCA 2X
RASHAYA SUR 1X
AGUAYTIA 1X
-1000
NESHUYA 5_1
AGUA_CAL_1
RUNUYA
1X
SEPA 1X
SAN MARTIN 1X
V IV IA
2500
1500
2500
N
2000
1500
DATUM
MID
MU D
2000
STO
NE
CHONTA
2500
3000
RAYA
2000
-2000
3000
2500
500
AGUA CALIENTE
AY
BAT
SH A
CU
SH INAI
NOI PA
TSITE
ENE SS
TARMA-COPACABANA
3000
PUMAYACU
2000
LOW
ER
SS
500
-2000
2500
2500
1000
SARAYAQUILLO
2500
M
e
t
e
r
s
CABANILLAS-CONTAYA
EVAPORIT ES
PUCARA
GREEN SS
AMBO
1000
3500
3000
1500
BASEMENT
-3000
-3000
CU
M
S
O
U
H
N
A
T
B
A
A
I N
3500
T
A
Y
S
A
Y
A
T
1500
N
O
C
TARMA-COPACABANA
2000
AMBO
Coninca 2X
Rashaya Sur 1X
Aguaytia 1X
Neshuya 1X
LD
FO
DEVONIAN
CABANILLAS ?
ANANEA ?
Agua Caliente 1X
Runuya 1X
S
IN
TA
UN
MO
LT
BE
A
IR
SH
ST
RU
TH
CABANILLAS
-4000
-4000
SECT ION 4
S E C TIO N 4
D
L
O
F
CONTAYA
Sepa 1X
T
S
U
R
H
T
Figure 4: Regional distribution of Cretaceous
and pre-Cretaceous Formations.
SW
O X AP A M P A
SAN VICENTE AREA
OXA 7-1
OXA 7-2
OXA 19-1
DATUM
1000
W ELL S
OXA 19-2
500
-2000
RAYA
-3000
500
500
1000
1000
N
1000
EAST SHIRA
RUNUYA
1X
RIO CACO 1X
SANUYA 3X
PLATANAL 1X (36 2X)
LA COLPA
1X
2000
2000
500
1500
3000
2500
2500
1000
2000
1500
2000
3500
GREEN SS
1000
2500
3500
CONDORSINGA
1500
2000
AMBO-CABANILLAS-CONTAYA
2000
EVAPORIT ES IN AREA
WITH THIN-SKIN TECTONICS ARAMACHAY
1500
2000
Tamaya 1X
San Alejandro 1X
Agua Caliente 1X
Chio 1X
Agua Caliente 31D 1X
Chonta 1X
CHAMBARA
2500
Platanal
1X
2500
Sanuya 1X
Shahuinto
Rio Caco 1X
3000
-5000
MITU
La Colpa 1X
SH
SEC TIO N 8
IR
IDEALIZED SECTION
OU
A M
West Shira
RU
ST
Oxapampa
7-1
East Shira
Oxapampa
1X
-5000
-6000
S
TH
Oxapampa 19-2
AI N
LD
Oxapampa 17C-1
Oxapampa 19-1
Runuya 1X
NT
FO
TARMA-COPACABANA
-6000
-3000
-4000
BASEMENT
2000
M
e
t
e
r
s
-2000
1500
3000
ENE (?)
TARMA-COPACABANA
3000
1500
SHAHUINTO 1X
1000
2500
1000
2000
PUCARA
San Martin 1X
500
CHONTA
AGU
A CA
L IEN
TE
C US
H AB
ATA
Y
SARAYAQUILLO
1500
Mipaya 1X
production in the near future offers
encouragement for renewed exploration.
SHIRA MOUNTAINS
WEST SHIRA
A
VI VI
CAMISEA
T
L
E
B
200 KM
-4000
SE
-1000
1500
TERTIARY
2000
beyond the Brazilian border
(Figure 2). A 5,000+m thick
sedimentary section of
Paleozoic to Recent ages was
deposited overlying Basement
(Figure 3). The dominant
structural form is major
basement-involved thrusting,
mainly along reactivated
Paleozoic normal faults and
detached thin-skinned thrusts
along its western margin. This
study considers the Ene Basin
to be a continuation of the
Ucayali Basin.
4.2 Regional Geology
The sedimentary sequence
merges with the greater Marañon, the
Madre de Dios, and the Acre and
Solimoes (in Brazil) basins
NE
and pinches out onto the
Brazilian and Guiana
Shields. PARSEP intends to
standardize the stratigraphy
to keep it in a consistent
digital database to facilitate
mapping and interpretation,
especially with changes
made after the Camisea
discoveries. The lesserknown Paleozoic
stratigraphy is reviewed and
condensed, since it also
constitutes a potential play in
the basin. The 10
stratigraphic cross-sections
(two in Figures 4 and 5) include all
NFW`s to show the widespread
distribution of all units in the basin.
Two regional tectonic systems, the preAndean and Andean Systems control the
geological evolution of the sub-Andean
basins of Peru.
• Pre-Andean System
The pre-Andean System with Paleozoic
cycles overlying Basement reveals
complex tectonics. It includes a preCabanillas rifting (?) and peneplanation
and a late Permian uplift and erosional
episodes. The Contaya Formation of
Ordovician age initiated the pre-Andean
cycle. The Silurian cycle merges with the
Devonian Cabanillas Group, which can be
identified by seismic in thick isolated half
grabens (600 msec, Figure 6). The Late
Devonian Eo-Hercynian compressional
CAMISEA
MIPAYA 5X
2000
1500
7-2
BE
Mashansha 1X
LT
-7000
-7000
San Vicente Area
100 KM
Figure 5: E-W section shows Cretaceous and
pre-Cretaceous Formations.
SW
NE
SEPA AREA
Datum Near top Chonta
Base Cretaceous
Copacabana
Tarm a
Am bo
Top Devonian
Basem ent
Figure 6: South Ucayali Basin. DevonianOrdovician? Rift Basin, Ambo onlaps the
Eohercynian Unconformity and truncation of
Paleozoic by Base Cretaceous.
The giant Camisea Fields (13 Tcf gas
and over 500 MMb liquids) to be on
4.
GEOLOGY AND
STRATIGRAPHY
4.1 Basin Description
The basin extends 650 km in length from
the Marañon to the Madre de Dios Basins
and 250 km in width from the FTB to
event established the NS structural trend
in the basin. A trend affected by Andean
structural inversion. The PermoCarboniferous rests unconformable over
the Devonian Cycle and/or Basement in
uplifted areas. Sedimentation began with
the Ambo Group, a continental to shallow
marine siliciclastic unit, followed by the
clastic-rich transgressive Tarma
Formation with its basal Green
Sandstone, and overlain by massive
shelf carbonates of the Copacabana
Group. Copacabana is present in most
of the Andean basins conformably
overlain by the Ene Formation/Red
Bed Group whose deposition was
interrupted by a regional uplift and a
pronounced unconformity that marks
a first order sequence boundary in
late Permian.
Rashaya Sur 1X
system is preserved in the western and
NW extremes of the Ucayali Basin, where
Late Permian–Triassic syn-rift Mitu
continental red beds were deposited in
isolated rift segments overlain by a
Triassic to Jurassic-aged marine to
transitional carbonates and evaporites of
the Pucara Group.
Aguaytia 1X
SW
NE
Seismic Line G31
Pozo
W
E
Chonta
Agua Caliente
s
retaceou
Base C
Rashaya Sur 1X
TD Sarayaquillo
SALT
Pucara
Copacabana
Pozo
TD
Cabanillas
ceous
Creta
Base
SALT
illo
yaqu
Sara
a
Pucar
Copacabana
Cabanillas
Contaya
Chonta
Agua Caliente
Top Paleozoic
Basement
Contaya
Cabanillas
Figure 9: Aguaytia structure with salt (?)
within an Andean inverted graben.
Figure 8:Rashaya Sur 1X well, salt and 1.0second displacement on the western-most
bounding normal fault.
Aguaytia 1X
related restrictive depocenters, as west of
Rashaya (Figure 8) and in the inverted
half graben in Aguaytia (Figure 9).
With further regression the Pucara and
evaporites were overlain by Middle to
Late Jurassic continental red beds of the
Sarayaquillo Formation. Termination of
Sarayaquillo deposition is represented by
the regional Nevadan unconformity over
which lies sediments of Cretaceous age.
The Aramachay Formation represents
the maximum flooding event. The Pucara
marine sequence of the FTB
changes to a continental facies in
CUSHABATAY
its eastern subsurface occurrence,
MTS.
except Aramachay which
CONTAYA
ARCH.
maintains its marine character in
the San Alejandro 1X and Agua
Caliente 31D-1X wells. The
eastern Pucara (and Sarayaquillo)
1000
shoreline has a N–S trend from
UPPER
west of the Contaya Arch to the
VIVIAN
ABSENT
Agua Caliente field north of the
Shira Mountains. The Pucara has
been observed in a carbonate
SHIRA
500
facies in the NW part of the Ene
MTS.
300
Basin area.
UPPER
VIVIAN
A less known carbonate/
ABSENT
evaporitic sequence is known in
CUSHABATAY-RAYA
the Oxapampa wells (Figure 5).
WEDGE
An evaporitic environment as the
result of sabkha deposition
developed at the transition
between Pucara and Sarayaquillo,
beginning the continental and
shallow marine deposition (Figure
Figure 10: Cretaceous Isopach shows
7). Evaporites were drilled by the
thinning (onlap) to the southeast.
Oxapampa 7-1 and Chio 1X wells in the
Cretaceous deposition initiated during
Ucayali Basin and they outcrop
Neocomian-Aptian
times consisted of a
extensively in the Huallaga Basin and in
major
transgression/regression
cycle that
the FTB for over 700 km. PARSEP
left
a
westerly
thickening
wedge
of fluvial
interprets that the basin was segmented
to
marginal
clastics
punctuated
by
marine
into a series of smaller Paleozoic wrench
La Frontera 1X
Santa Lucia 1X
Santa Catalina 1X
Orellana 1X
Santa Clara 1X
Rayo 1X
50000
0
50000 m
Huaya 4X
Insaya 1X
Huaya 3X
1194
Maquia 1X Cachiyacu 1X
X
Amaquiria 1X
Pacaya 1XInuya 1X
Cashiboya 1A
950
Chio 1X
Cashiboya Sur 1X
937
Pisqui 1X
Tiruntan 1X
1223 Coninca 2X
1216
970
Tahuaya 1X
Rashaya Sur 1X
1113
1064
Aguaytia 1X
1008Zorrillo 1X
Aguaytia Sur 4XD 980
1054
Neshuya 1X
1057
San Alejandro 1X
Chio 1X
Agua Caliente 1A
1009 988Agua Caliente 31D-1X
Tamaya 1X
Chonta 1X
795
UPPER VIVIAN
ABSENT
Platanal 1X
558
Shira Mountains
Sanuya 1X
Shahuinto 1X
Rio Caco 1X643
721
CUSHABATAY-RAYA
WEDGE
430
La Colpa 1X
439
Runuya 1X
653
UPPER VIVIAN
ABSENT
Oxapampa 17C 1
Oxapampa
19 2
Oxapampa 19
1
1082
1166
Oxapampa 7 1
Oxapampa 7 2
Mashansha 1X
348
Sepa 1X
Panguana 1X
363
Figure 7: Isochron Map of the salt ‘swells’ in
the western Ucayali Basin.
• The Andean System
The Andean System along the Peruvian
Eastern Range was initiated with the
beginning of subduction along the Pacific
margin during the Pangea break up in late
Permian to early Triassic times.
The PARSEP tectonic study (Tankard,
2001) correlates the Juruá Orogeny
identified in the Acre and Solimoes
Basins of Brazil with the onset of the
Andean System. The Andean tectonic
264
Mipaya 1X
405
Pagoreni 1X
442
San Martin 1X
Segakiato 2X 392 399
400
Armihuari 4X Cashiriari 3X
423 407
382
carbonate sedimentation. The Cretaceous
section thins from NW to SE as it
progressively onlaps Paleozoic (Figures
10 and 4) where Cushabatay and Raya
Formations disappear in a NNE/SSW
wedge. PARSEP extends the upper Agua
Caliente Formation to the Camisea area to
include Shell’s Basal Chonta Sandstone
and Upper Nia. Chonta represents the end
of a regional transgression and the
beginning of a regressive episode and it
includes the maximum flooding surface
with excellent seal character. Vivian
represents the end of Cretaceous
deposition with quartz arenites complex
with good intergranular porosity. The
Upper and Lower Vivian are separated by
the Cachiyacu cycle that contains
discontinuous shales and sands that have
remained protected from flushing. The
Cretaceous deposition terminated with the
arrival of the first pulses of the Andean
Orogeny in Late Cretaceous beginning
dominant foredeep molasses deposition
punctuated by a marine transgression
(Pozo Shale) restricted to the northern
basins and to the north Ucayali.
4.3 Pre-Cretaceous Stratigraphy
• Basement, Ordovician and Silurian
Several wells penetrated metamorphic
and crystalline Basement to the north and
east of the Shira Mountains (Figures 4 and
5). The Ordovician Contaya Formation
consists of gray and black laminated hard
slates. It was drilled and it is interpreted
by seismic in the northern Ucayali Basin.
It outcrops in the Contaya Arch and south
of the Oxapampa wells underlying
Cretaceous sediments. The Silurian cycle
is represented by argillites, flysch and
tillites possibly drilled in the Panguana
and Sepa wells. This cycle ends with
tectonic movement during the Caledonian
/Taconian Orogeny.
• Devonian-Cabanillas Group
The Cabanillas Group has a widespread
distribution in outcrops and subsurface
throughout the basin reaching a thickness
of 2000 and 1000m in the south and
northern Peru. It is made of dark gray
mudstones, shales, siltstones and
sandstones deposited in moderately deep
water as turbidite and hemi-pelagic
deposits. Coarsening upward sequences
end in flooding events with organic-rich
source rock facies in the upper section.
siliciclastic platform from
upper offshore facies to
dominant delta front.
• Late Carboniferous to
Early Permian Tarma/
Copacabana Group
The Tarma/Copacabana
Group drilled in numerous
wells is the most widely
Sepa 1X
Panguana 1X
distributed pre-Cretaceous
unit in the sub-Andean basins.
It thins from San Martin 1X
(1000m) towards the east edge
of the basin in Panguana 1X
CAMISEA
Mipaya 1X
or by erosion on Paleozoic
Possible Ambo
aged structures (Coninca 2X)
Hingeline
or it has been completely
stripped by erosion
(Cashiboya area). The basal
Figure 11: Isochron map of Ambo in the
member is the Green Sandstone, fine to
southern Ucayali Basin.
very coarse grained with good reservoir
potential. The thick carbonates
SW
NE form dark gray micritic and sparite
carbonates, crystalline dolomites,
wackestones and dark gray shales
and anhydrites. The organic-rich
mudstones were deposited under
Pozo
Chonta
ceo us
flooding or anoxic conditions.
Agua Caliente Ba se Creta
Ene
ic
zo
leo
Dolomite wackestones at various
Pa
p
To
Copacabana
levels produce strong to faint oil
Green Sandstone
Cabanillas
smell and have TOC of 2.0 wt%
and were found mature for oil and
Contaya
gas generation in the Mainique
Basement
Gorge. A 60m thick anhydrite
associated to porous dolomite/
CP 7398 01
organic rich carbonate constitute a
Figure 12: Thick Permian section preserved
potential play in the Huaya 3X well area.
in the Northern Ucayali Basin.
• Late Permian Ene/Red Bed Group
• Early Carboniferous-Ambo Group
The Ene Formation/Red Bed Group
The Ambo Group onlaps the Cabanillas
conformable overly the Copacabana
Group and/or Basement in the southern
Group and unconformable underlie the
Ucayali. A thickness of 800m in the south
Cretaceous in the Camisea area (Figures 4
diminishes to less than 300m in La Colpa
and 13) and in a deep trough south of the
well or it is absent over basement highs.
Cushabatay Mountains (Figure 12). Much
In the PARSEP seismic map in Figure 11
of this section was described as the
the Ambo Group thickens dramatically
Cretaceous Oriente Group in Camisea.
(600msec) past a major hingeline in the
o Ene Formation (Figure 13)
Camisea area, possibly controlling the
The Ene Formation is present south of
Camisea FTB in an area where it is one of
the Runuya well down to the Mainique
the main detachment surfaces. Ambo
Gorge and Camisea wells. Thickness
consists of coarse and fine-grained
(150-220 m) is controlled by depth of
sandstones with interbedded siltstones,
erosion of the late Permian and Base
gray shales, and with organic rich
Cretaceous unconformities. In the South
interbeds deposited as continental to
Ucayali it has three members. The basal
shallow marine and fluvial deposits.
Ene Sandstone and Noipatsite
In the Ene Basin, Elf defines it as a
Members are two sandstone bodies
similar in rock character resting on a dark
gray organic rich mudstone with strong
petroleum odor and resting on limestones
of Copacabana. In the Huaya 3X and
Orellana 1X wells, a 160-200m thick
sandstone overlying Copacabana is
possibly equivalent to these units. The
Shinai Member is an organic-rich
carbonate mudstone with algal laminates,
preserved south of the Runuya 1X well.
In the Ene Basin, Ene has four units
more or less identical to Ene in Camisea.
NW
SEPA 1X
MIPAYA 1X
PAGORENI 1X
SEGAKIATO 1XSAN MARTIN 1X
CHONTA
-5200
Formation, a sand-to-sand relationship
forming a single reservoir.
4.4 Structural Analysis
Prominent Devonian to late Tertiary
tectonic features influenced sedimentation
at various stages of basin development
and gave the basin its present geometry.
Figure 15 is one of six structural profiles
across the basin that shows several of
these features.
• Devonian Faults
Two ages for Devonian faulting can be
SAN MARTIN 3
2000
ARMIHUARI 4X CASHIRIARI 1X
CASHIRIARI 3
SE
2500
-5200
AGUA
CALIENTE
DATUM
BAS E K
MID MDST
-5300
-5300
2500
2500
500
-5400
LOWER NIA
OR
LOWER SS
-5400
2500
M.
SHINAI
2500
-5500
-5500
NOIPATSITE
D
L
2500
Sepa 1X
T
S
U
R
H
T
-5600
ENE SS
2500
-5600
CAMISEA
Mipaya 1X
T
L
E
B
TARMA-COPACABANA
Panguana 1X
tin 1X
Mar
San 3X
i 1X
SM
i 1X
ren
iriar
1X
go
to
Cash
Pa
kia i 1X
CA 3X
ga
Se ihuar CA 2X
Arm
200 KM
-5700
Figure 13: Stratigraphic cross-section shows
detailed late Permian stratigraphy. Note
excellent log correlation in Shinai.
o Red Bed Group/Mainique (Figure 13)
Biostratigraphic analyses in the
Mainique Gorge/Camisea area by Shell
reveal the presence of the Red Bed Group
of latest Permian age overlying the Ene
Formation. This group is made up of the
basal Lower Sandstone or Lower Nia
Formation, a massive, medium to coarsegrained arkosic arenites with eolian cross
bedding and good porosity. A thickness of
90 to 130m in Mipaya 1X, contrast with
the 40m in the San Martin and Cashiriari.
The Middle Mudstone Formation is a
red mudstone unit. The Upper Sandstone
Formation is medium to fine-grained
partly eolian moderately to well sorted.
The unconformity at the Base of
Cretaceous has stripped off much of these
units in the fields, leaving the Lower Nia
in contact with the Agua Caliente
Pongo Mainique
-5700
documented in the south Ucayali. The
earliest represents a series of extensional
faults that created deep half grabens
during the Devonian (or earlier) with
thick pre-Carboniferous sediments,
possibly local source kitchens of
Cabanillas Shales (Figure 6). The
Devonian to Basement Isochron map
shows very significant north-south
trending features (Figure 21). The second
is a compression faulting in response to
the Eohercynian in Late Devonian that
produced NS oriented faults.
• Late Paleozoic Faults/Structures
Almost the entire Ucayali Basin shows
remnants of the late Permian extensional
event, one of the most significant tectonic
events being particularly important from a
hydrocarbon exploration perspective.
Structural features as the Contaya Arch
and Shira Mountains were initiated as
significant horst blocks during this
extension and their current NW and NNW
orientations reflect Andean imprint. Thick
sequences of Carboniferous to late
Permian sediments containing source rock
and reservoir sequences were protected in
grabens from later peneplation by early
Cretaceous erosion. Low areas and
isolated grabens of lower Mesozoic
sedimentation and preservation were
created, as the thick salt sequences and
the Pucara Group. Development of subtle
highs and lows influenced deposition
environments and reservoir development
(Pucara in Shanusi 1X). The late Permian
faults have a northerly direction with a
tendency to favour a NNE orientation and
were locally reactivated during Andean
Orogeny as inversion features (Aguaytia).
• Late Andean Foreland Faults/
Structures
Most wells in the basin drilled Andean
aged structures with strong surface
expression. In the northern Ucayali Basin,
the Pisqui–Coninca–Rashaya Sur and
Maquia–Cashiboya trends, represent very
distinctive NW Andean structural trends.
Production was established only on the
latter trend. In the southern Ucayali Basin,
the most significant pure Andean aged
structure is Sepa, which tested small oil
and gas quantities in the Green Sandstone.
• Cushabatay Mountains, Contaya
Arch and Shira Mountains (Figure 2)
The Cushabatay Mountains is a
prominent structural feature interpreted by
PARSEP as a half graben filled with a
very thick succession of Mitu, Pucara and
Cretaceous age. It developed concurrently
with the NW–SE trending horsts and
grabens seen in the SW Marañon Basin in
response to the Permo-Triassic
extensional event. The thick graben
succession was inverted prior to Chazuta
thrusting in late Tertiary. Being an old
structure, it acted as a buttress to the
eastward advancement of the FTB.
The Contaya Arch is a NW-SE trending
horst of Permo-Triassic and Jurassic age
uplifted by compression in the Neogene.
Tankard postulated an origin along the
NE trending Contaya Shear zone.
The Shira Mountains is the most
prominent tectonic element in the basin.
Its subsurface continuation to the north
aligns with the Sarayaquillo and Pucara
eastern wedges that divides the Ucayali
into a deep western basin with a more
Paleozoic. PARSEP structural profile
folds with the principal detachment
through this FTB segment interprets two
surface within the Ambo/Devonian
major thrusts with a detachment surface
section. Advancement of the thrust front
near the base of salt and Mitu levels. A
was controlled by a depositional hingeline
second profile by Elf in the central Ene
within Ambo (Figure 11). Termination of
Basin, shows the principal detachment
the Camisea FTB against the Shira
surface within the Cabanillas Formation.
Mountains is through a gradual horizontal
Elf divided the Ene Basin into three
and vertical diminishing of fault throw
regions based on magnetic, gravity and
from east to west, roughly coincidental
seismicity data. The Northern Ene
with the Tambo Fault. This decrease in
includes the Cordillera San Matias and the amplitude resulted in the development of
Oxapampa wells area and is limited to the
much smaller structures to the west
south by the Tambo Fault, a deep
(Mipaya) relative to the large San Martin,
magnetic basement that might have
Cashiriari, and additional undrilled
influenced the paleogeography of the
anticline trends further east (Figure 14).
basin. The
NE
SW SAN MARTIN
Central Ene is
occupied by a
huge Tertiary
syncline whose
TERTIARY
axis crosses the
Tambo Fault into
the northern subbasin without any
CRETACEOUS
displacement and
DEVONIAN
a NW Gravimetric
BASEMENT
step marks the
southern
boundary. The
SHL UB A22
Southern Ene has
continuous
structures with less deformation, larger
Figure 14: Seismic line shows the San
wavelength, shallower basement and the
Martin structure, and an un-drilled structure.
seismicity reveal a change in decollement
complete sedimentary section to the north
merging with both the Pachitea sub-basin
and the Oxapampa/Ene Fold Thrust Belt.
In the shallower eastern and larger basin
Cretaceous overlies Paleozoic. The Shira
Mountains is a late Permian basementcored horst block with a significant uplift
in late Neogene that pre-date the latest
deformation. It acted as a buttress to the
eastward advancement of the Oxapampa/
Ene FTB and Camisea FTB’s (Figure 2).
• Fold Thrust Belt (FTB) of Western
Ucayali and Ene Basin
o North and Central Areas (Figure 2)
The FTB of the northern Ucayali begins
with the Chazuta thrust west of the
Cushabatay High, and continues south
separating the Huallaga from the Ucayali
Basin. On the north, the FTB is offset to
the east by a northwest trending lateral
ramp after which the fold belt trends
almost NS to near the Oxapampa Area.
PARSEP structural sections show west
and east verging thrusts fronts with
overturned beds.
o Oxapampa and Ene Basin Areas
(Figure 2)
The northern edge of the Oxapampa/Ene
FTB segment is offset to the east by
another lateral ramp. The eastward
leading edge of the FTB, the San Matias
Fault, separates it from the Pachitea subBasin and terminates into the Shira
Mountains. South of the Oxapampa wells
SW
1 0 0 0m
km 0
02
98
73
CP
05
98
73
CP
7
CP
04
98
73
CP
3
80
39
SE
CUSHABATAY
SE
CUSHABATAY
MTS.
NORTH
SANTA
CLARA
NORTH
06
95
OR
04
95
SC
SANTA CLARA
NE
ORELLANA
ORELLANA 1X 1X
3
10
DX
12
95
OR
07
95
OR
0 m
0 m
1 0 0 0m
1000m
UPPER RED BEDS
CHA MBIRA
TERTIARY
CHONTA
2 0 0 0m
AGUA CALIENTE-RAYA
CUSHA BATAY
40 0 0 m
P OZO
O-V
A RANG
-YA HU
IVIAN
CRETACEOUS
P UCARA
ENE
S ARAYAQUILLO
5
EOUS
B ASE CRETAC
SARAYAQUILLO
400000
6 0 0 0m
MITU
ENE
ENE
TARMA –COPACABANA
3000m
4000m
TARMA COPACABANA
P UCARA
P UCARA
50 0 0 m
S ARAYAQUILLO
MITU
S ARAYAQUILLO
2000m
AGUA CALIENT E-RAYA
CUSHA BATAY
PUCARA
CHA MBIRA
CHO NTA
3 0 0 0m
5000m
CABANILLAS
CABANILLAS
6000m
Sant a C atalina1X
CONTAYA
7000m
70 0 0 m
Cushabatay
High
8 0 0 0m
Orellana1X
ACABANA
TARMA COP
Contaya
High
CONTAYA
H uaya3X
Insaya
9 0 0 0m
8000m
S
CABANILLA
Sant a C lara1X
R ayo 1X
H u aya4X
9000m
CONTAYA
10
Maq uia 1X
1 00 00 m
C achiyacu 1X
A m aqu iria1X
1 00 00 m
B ASEMENT
BASEMENT
STRUCTURAL CROSS
SECTION A
400000
Pacaya1X
Inu ya
1X
C ash iboya
1A
the FTB collides with these mountains
continuing to the south into the historical
Ene Basin. The relationship of the eastern
boundary of the Ene Basin with the Shira
Mountains remains controversial. Diffuse
extensional field criteria along the Tambo
Fault confirm the seismic interpretation of
Tertiary series against non-deformed
level.
o Camisea Area
The Camisea area has been the focus of
attention with the discovery of the giant
gas fields. The recent acquisition of 3D
seismic by Pluspetrol may refine the
geology interpreted by Shell. Anticlines
of the Camisea area are ramp fault bend
Figure 15: Structural section from the North
FTB to Santa Clara-Orellana areas.
• Structural Profiles
The six structural cross-sections
prepared use available, seismic, wildcats
and surface geologic data. Section A on
the north shows a triangle zone
developing in the eastern area of the FTB
and an unusually thick section of Ene
preserved in subsurface (Figure15). The
other profiles cross the Pisqui and
Cashiboya Sur anticlines, the Aguaytia
gas field an inversion feature with the
evaporitic unit in the Sarayaquillo/Pucara
contact, thick salt swells of lower
Mesozoic age drilled by the Chio well, the
Agua Caliente oil field with associated
Shira Structure and other Andean age
anticlines, the highly deformed western
FTB structural province with multiple
thin-skinned thrust faults, the Camisea
thrust and the less deformed eastern
foreland province.
the edges of grabens and half-grabens. A
large Cretaceous channel occupies one of
them (Figure 21).
LA COLPA 1X
CAMISEA
CONTAYA
ARCH
SHIRA
MOUNTAINS
Figure 16: Base Cretaceous Time Structure,
Ucayali North.
5. GEOPHYSICS
Seismic interpretation was carried out
successfully in two halves–North and
South of La Colpa/Runuya wells. No
detailed mapping was accomplished, but
the overall structural elements are clear in
the mapping.
5.1 Maps Plotted
Seismic mapping was performed for five
structural horizons and three isochron
intervals for each the South and North
Ucayali. All mapped horizons exhibit a
NS trend, with shallow NE/SW trends
affected by SE/NW trending faults in the
Ucayali North. In the Ucayali South, there
are common characters to all the horizons
above the Devonian. In the northern part
of the Southern Ucayali area high-angle
reverse faults with small throw are reactivations of older normal faults marking
movement of the main San Martin Thrust.
In the northern part of the South Ucayali,
the Devonian is faulted by the younger
rejuvenated reverse faults over Basement
grabens and half grabens. Contaya is a
near-Basement pick with depths up to
5300ms TWT restricted to the Eastern
part of the basin. Basement becomes
steadily shallower to the East until it
becomes almost the same as top Devonian
(Figure 18). Block faulting of the
basement controls much of the overlying
structuring and faulting along grabens and
half grabens controls younger rejuvenated
near-vertical reverse faults.
LA COLPA 1X
Figure 17: Base Cretaceous Time Structure,
Ucayali South.
5.2 Time Structure Maps
The Pozo Formation is a regional
marker in the Marañon and northern
Ucayali Basin and good time equivalent
reflectors allow extrapolation further
south. It exhibits the same features as the
Base Cretaceous. The near Vivian Upper
Cretaceous horizon is heavily fault
controlled with good rollover into the
faults in the Mipaya/San Martin area. It
shallows to the east, over an extensive
basement high. The Base Cretaceous is
an easily recognizable unconformity on
seismic data in the whole basin (Figures
16 and 17). It shows two large structures,
the Rio Caco and Rashaya Norte (Figures
22 and 23) with closure of 100ms. The
map of the South Ucayali (Figure 17)
mirrors the Upper Cretaceous except
where the surface is eroded and PARSEP
interprets a channel feature (Figure 27).
This horizon also shows good rollover
into the San Martin fault. The
Copacabana Group exhibits an
important structural closure in the
Southern portion of the Rio Caco area.
The Tarma reflector has the same
characteristics of the younger horizons
with rollover into the main San Martin
fault. The Top Devonian is the nearest
horizon to basement being largely
controlled by basement structuring. Along
the San Martin thrust belt, it is slightly
displaced by the old nearly horizontal
thrust or Devonian-Ambo decollement
surface that appears to control the
CAMISEA
Figure 18: Basement Time Structure, Ucayali
South.
5.3 Isochron Maps
The Pozo to Base Cretaceous and Base
Cretaceous to Contaya Isochrones
(Figure 19) show thickening dramatically
from south to north (400-1000ms TWT in
the former). The latter indicates a Paleo
structural high in the Rashaya structure
(100+ms closure, Figure 22). An ancient
depression running through the center of
the Aguaytia structure indicates Andean
inversion. As this is the only productive
anticline in this immediate area a
relationship is implied. The Salt Isochron
map in Figure 7 shows the distribution of
the evaporitic unit.
The main feature on the Cretaceous
Isochron map is the thickening from
North to South along the major channel
feature (Figures 20 and 26). Further study
of this feature is recommended as a new
play type is involved. The Upper
Cretaceous to Tarma Isochron map
indicates that the interval generally thins
to the Northeast, as the Tarma becomes
thinner and eventually pinches out,
whereas there is a very thick late Permian
unit in the Southwest. The DevonianBasement Isochron in Figure 21 is the
most significant map of the present
interpretation where the following
features are identified: the graben system
controlling the channel feature, a major
half-graben feature in the Eastern part and
major thickening of the unit to the South.
kitchens. The PARSEP group did not
evaluate in detail the geochemistry of the
Ucayali Basin. One of the objectives of
this study was to identify potential kitchen
areas for the known source rocks.
LA COLPA 1X
CONTAYA
ARCH
Figure 20: Cretaceous Isochron, Ucayali
South.
LA COLPA 1X
AGUAYTIA
SHIRA
MOUNTAIN
S
Figure 19: Base Cretaceous-Contaya
Isochron, Ucayali North.
• The Cretaceous Channel Play
See Prospects/Leads.
6. WELL SUMMARY
An evaluation was done of the 10 wells
drilled between 1990 and 2002 and for the
Cashiriari 1X and San Martin 1X wells. A
separate report has been prepared for this
evaluation.
7. PETROLEUM GEOLOGY
7.1 Geochemistry
Perupetro archives include numerous
modern Geochemical studies in the
Peruvian sub-Andean basins that evaluate
potential source rocks, oil-source rock
correlations, genetically classify oils,
basin modeling, hydrocarbon generation
timing and location of hydrocarbon
CAMISEA
Figure 21: Lower Paleozoic Isochron,
Ucayali South.
• Source Rocks
The Ucayali Basin has multiple source
rocks in the Mesozoic and Paleozoic
sequences. Commercial hydrocarbon
production and most wildcats with shows
point to their presence. The Triassic/
Jurassic Pucara Group is a bituminous
carbonate with interbedded organic rich
shale sections considered the principal
source rock for the oil and gas in the
southern Marañon and northern Ucayali
Basins (Maquia, Aguaytia and tests). The
Late Permian Ene Formation is the
source of the oil in the Agua Caliente
Field and the oil tested in well La Colpa
1X. Excellent quality source rocks have
been found within the Ene in the Ene
Basin. The Ambo/Tarma -Copacabana
Formations have marine shales and
carbonates in the southern portion of the
basin. A middle deltaic section has
commonly TOC’s of 1.0 and locally over
8.0 wt% mainly humid organic matter
with potential gas and oil generation
capabilities. Ambo has sourced the giant
gas/condensate fields of Camisea. The
Devonian Cabanillas Formation has
extreme maturity and moderate presentday TOC values in the SE Marañon.
• Reservoir and Seals
Reservoirs within the basin include the
Cretaceous Cushabatay, Chonta, Upper
and Lower Vivian and Cachiyacu
Formations. The Camisea area has proven
reservoirs in the Cretaceous Vivian,
Chonta and Agua Caliente (Upper Nia)
and in the Permian Lower Nia and Ene
(Ene and Noipatsite sands). The widely
distributed Cretaceous sandstones have
the best petrophysical quality and the
Permian sandstones distribution is
dependent upon erosional inliers. The
Green Sandstone is widespread
throughout a large part of the basin and in
La Colpa well, it has good SP deflection,
a blocky and clean GR, with 19% porosity
in 38m pay. Other reservoir targets
include deltaic sandstones of Ambo, the
intratidal carbonates of the Pucara Group
and Karsted Copacabana carbonates. In
the Ene Basin, the main reservoir is the
Cushabatay and potential reservoirs are
within Agua Caliente and Ene sandstones.
Regional seals are within the Lower
Tertiary, Cretaceous Cachiyacu,
Huchpayacu, Chonta and Raya
Formations, in the sabkha evaporites and
in the Permian Shinai Mudstone.
8. PROSPECTS/LEADS
Although the study was intended to
investigate new play concepts, two
structural prospects and two stratigraphic
(new concepts) leads were defined. The
Perupetro “Catalogo de Prospectos No
Perforados” documents other structures.
8.1 Structural Prospects
• Rashaya Norte (Figure 22)
PARSEP interprets the structure as a
Paleozoic horst block where Cretaceous
overlies Cabanillas on the crest. It is a
much larger than Rashaya Sur where a
well had gas shows, fluorescence in Raya,
Cushabatay and Pumayacu and a DST in
upper Raya tested SW and 40.6o API oil.
E
BASE CRETACEOUS 2WT STRUCTURE MAP
C.I. 50 ms
RASHAYA NORTE
PROSPECT
Rashaya Sur 1X
COMPOSITE SEISMIC LINE
z
concepts developed for the Pucara in the
Shanusi 1X well that found gas/
condensate from
W S RASHAYA NORTE
N
RASHAYA
PROSPECT
the Pucara on a
SUR 1X
paleo-horst
block believed
to have
influenced
deposition
during Pucara
Pozo
time. Gas
TD
Chonta
charged
Cabanillas
SW
Agua Caliente
porous,
Base Cretaceous
A
highCopacabana
energy
Basement
Cabanillas
Contaya
Figure 22: Rashaya Sur (with 1X well) and
Rashaya Norte Structures. A) TWT Base
Cretaceous. B) Composite seismic line.
• Rio Caco Sur (Figures 23 and 24)
The Rio Caco Sur Prospect is a four-way
dip closure located along the Runuya/Rio
Caco/Tamaya anticline, south of the Rio
Caco well. Potential exists within the
Cretaceous, and Paleozoic (including
Ene). Shows have been encountered in
three surrounding wells in the Raya,
Cushabatay and Paleozoic.
RIO CACO
Figure 24
Figure 23: TWT Base of Cretaceous Map,
the Runuya/Rio Caco/ Tamaya anticline
shows Rio Caco Sur Prospect.
• 8.2 Stratigraphic LeadsCushabatay
South Pucara Lead (CSPL, Figure 25)
The CSPL lead is defined south of the
Cushabatay Mountains based on the
south and gradually thinning to the north,
pinching out to provide closure to channel
sands in a major stratigraphic trap. Any
hydrocarbons that were present in the area
would have leaked into the Channel and
migrated elsewhere through porous sands,
possibly into a stratigraphic trap
somewhere within this Cretaceous sand
body. There is evidence of high
amplitudes within the channel.
NE
Base Cretaceous
Pucara
En
Copacabana
carbonates or even reef deposits
in a porous fairway trend within
this paleo Pucara high. The
CP 7398 01
Base Cretaceous
CSPL lead is located within a
low between two NW trending
Pucara
Andean aged high angle reverse
Top
faults (Figure 25A). The play is
Copacabana
set up by an erosional high in the
B
En
Paleozoic over which the Pucara
was deposited with presumably
Figure 25: Seismic line through the CSPL
high-energy carbonates. It is best
lead. High-energy Pucara carbonates
demonstrated on the Pucara flattening in
deposited over a Copacabana erosional high.
Figure 25B where the erosional high
A) Time section. B) Flattened on Pucara.
coincides with the subcrop edges of the
9. CONCLUSIONS
Copacabana. The reflectors paralleling the
The
regional
evaluation of the Ucayali/
Pucara within the Paleozoic section may
Ene
Basin
developed
a regional
represent a karstified zone. Seals would
stratigraphic and tectonic framework to be
be the tighter, basin carbonates of the
used as a building block for future studies.
Pucara to the east and the evaporites that
The work completed a standardized
separate the Pucara from the Sarayaquillo.
seismic and well database digital set
consisting of tied SEGY data of a large
SW
NE
portion of available seismic, log LAS files
Pozo (Equiv.)
and Access with wildcats’ data.
The Ucayali Basin is one of several
Ene
Base Cretaceous
under-explored Sub Andean Basins with
Copacabana
mixed exploration success. It is a polyBasement
history basin, with elements of both
W75-91
extensional and compressional tectonics,
with older, major Paleozoic normal faults
Figure 24: Seismic line across the Rio Caco
being rejuvenated as reverse faults that
Prospect.
have controlled much of the structuring
• Cretaceous Channel Play
and hence the trapping mechanisms.
A large Cretaceous channel is interpreted
The western boundary of the basin is
cutting and filling into the Paleozoic
dominated
by a thin-skinned FTB along
tectonic depression. It is most likely part
almost its entirety, interrupted by the
of a deltaic system, sourced from the
Shira Mountains south of which the giant
north, depositing into a depocenter to the
Camisea fields were discovered. The FTB
comprises the most attractive exploration
area particularly, the Camisea and the
Oxapampa wells area where a significant
gas column in one well was discovered.
Figure 27
Figure 26: Cretaceous channel Isochron,
Ucayali South.
W
Figure 27: Seismic over a Channel play.
The principal reservoirs are in the
Cretaceous and the Permian Lower Nia
and others in the Late Carboniferous
Green Sandstone and the shoreface and
fluvial sandstones of the Late Permian
Ene have been targeted. The latter is a
major contributor to the reserves of the
Camisea fields.
The basin has multiple, mature source
rocks and there has been large quantities
of oil migrating through the system as
evidenced by the numerous shows in most
wells. Stratigraphic traps as the two
1
documented should have an excellent
chance of receiving a significant
hydrocarbon charge. In the foreland, there
are still a large number of undrilled
structural closures of which two are
documented.
AUTHORS
GARY WINE ([email protected])
Senior Petroleum Geologist and leader of
the Peru Energy Regulatory Assistance
Project PARSEP/Perupetro established to
re-evaluate the hydrocarbon potential of
the Peruvian Sub-Andean and some
Offshore Basins and to assist in
promotion of exploration areas to
industry. Mr. Wine worked as a
consultant for American and International
projects. From 1978 to 1996 he worked as
exploration geologist for Norcen in the
USA, Canada, SE Asia and South
America. He graduated from the British
Columbia University, Canada and he is a
registered petroleum geologist in Alberta.
E
ELMER MARTINEZ GONZALES
([email protected])
Senior Geologist with 23 years of experience
in Seismic Interpretation and acquisition.
Current work for Perupetro S.A. since (1999),
as a Senior Geophysicist and coordinator of
Parsep-Project, working in Peruvian
Hydrocarbon Basin Evaluations. Previous
work for Sismica S.A (Peru and Israel) in data
acquisition and for Petroperu S.A. as a Senior
Geophysicist –Seismic Interpreter in the
Exploration Department. Graduated from the
Geology School, Universidad de San Marcos,
Peru and Norwegian Technologist University
(NTH) –Trondheim-Norway (Diploma course,
one year).
JUSTO FERNANDEZ C.
([email protected] and
[email protected])
Senior Petroleum Geologist with 34 years of
experience. Since 2001 in the PARSEPPerupetro Group, a Canadian-Peruvian joint
project involved in Peruvian Basin Evaluations
for Hydrocarbons. Geological experience
includes basin evaluations and selection of
new ventures in Peru and Guatemala,
exploratory drilling in Peruvian, Colombian
and Guatemala/Mexico basins and in Field
Development and Production in Peruvian
basins. Worked for PanEnergy (Duke Energy),
Hispanoil (currently Repsol), Petroleos del
Peru (founder), Phillips Petroleum Co, IPC
Peruvian Exxon subsidiary, and others.
Graduated from San Marcos University, Peru
in 1965 and Master’s Degree in Geology from
Indiana University, USA, in 1968.
YSABEL CALDERON
([email protected]) has
worked for Perupetro since November 1999 as
a Geologist in the Peru Energy Regulatory
Assistance Project (PARSEP) a joint
Hydrocarbon Basin Evaluation Project
between the Canadian and Peruvian
Governments. She worked for Geosurvey S.A.
in geodesic and environmental studies and in
Occidental in 1997-1998 as a junior geologist.
Ms Calderon graduated with a Geology degree
from San Marcos University, Peru in 1998.
She has been a member of the Peruvian
Geological Society since 1999.
GALDOS, CARLOS
([email protected]).
Geophysicist. From November 1999 to date,
works for PERUPETRO S.A. PARSEP team
in Evaluations for Hydrocarbons of Onshore
and Offshore Peruvian Basins. In 1999 worked
for Occidental Peruana Inc. Sucursal Del Peru,
participated in the OXY Data Room, digitized
well logs and revised well cores in Block 1AB
of the Marañon Basin, and worked in offshore
Block Z3 Project. Skills with Unix Geoframe
IESX and Windows WINPics- platforms for
Seismic Interpretation, loading, quality control
and Data Base building of SEG-Y and ACSII
digital data; and preparing Montages for Final
Reports and Presentations. Graduated from
San Agustin University, Peru in 1998.
Ucayali/Ene Basin Technical Report available at Perupetro S.A. consists of Text with 96 pages and Illustrations in 4 Volumes.