8.5C Periodic Table

8.5C
Periodic Table
Picture Vocabulary
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Periodic Table of Elements
tabla periodica de los elementos: un arreglo de los elementos
en funcion de sus numeros atomicos; muestra la ley periodica.
A table showing the chemical elements
arranged according to their atomic numbers.
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elemento: una substancia pura que no puede separarse
en substancias mas simples por medios fisicos o
quimicos.
Element
A pure substance that cannot be
separated into simpler substances
by physical or chemical means.
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Chemical Symbol
símbolo químico: una o dos letras que se utilizan para representar un elemento .
The atomic
symbol for Helium
A one or two letter notation used to
represent an atom of a particular element.
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Atomic Number
numero atomico: el numero de protones en el nucleo de un atomo.
The number of protons in the
nucleus of one atom of an element.
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unidad de masa atomica: la unidad SI de las
masas de las particulas en los atomos.
Atomic Mass
Oxygen
Always has 8 protons
If all Oxygen atoms had 8 protons and 8
neutrons, the Atomic Mass would be 16.0.
If all Oxygen atoms had 8 protons and 7
neutrons, the Atomic Mass would be 15.0.
All Oxygen atoms have 8 protons and most
have 8 neutrons, BUT a few have only 7
neutrons.
Atomic Mass is the
number of protons (8) plus
the number of neutrons (?).
Each proton and neutron is
assigned the mass of 1 unit.
Therefore, the Oxygen atomic mass
(15.9994) is not a whole number because it
represents the average of all examples of
the element, Oxygen (both those with 7
neutrons and those with 8 neutrons.)
The average mass of protons and
neutrons in an element.
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Group 1
Groups
grupo: cada una de las columnas verticales de elementos
(de arriba hacia abajo) de la tabla periodica.
The columns on a Periodic Table that arrange
the elements by the number of electrons
that are in the outermost shell.
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Periods
periodo: cada una de las hileras horizontales de elementos
(de izquierda a derecha) de la table periodica.
Period 1
Period 5
The rows in a Periodic Table that classify the
elements by the number of electron shells.
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metales: La mayoría de los elementos son metales.
Son típicamente sólido , brillante , y buenos
conductores del calor y la electricidad .
Metal
Most elements are metals; they are typically solid,
shiny, malleable, and good conductors
of heat and electricity.
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Non-metal
no metales: no brillante ; usualmente un gas o un sólido frágil .
Malos conductores del calor y la electricidad .
Elements typically not shiny, usually a gas or
brittle solid, not malleable, and poor conductors
of heat and electricity.
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Metalloids
metaloides: elementos que tienen propiedades tanto de metales
como de no metales; a veces de denominan semiconductores.
Elements that have properties of both
metals and non-metals; sometimes
referred to as semiconductors.
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Noble Gases
HBTFTOPCMFTMPTFMFNFOUP
de valencia (a excepction del helio, que tiene dos).
Group 18
del grupo 18 de la tabla periodica; son no metales
no reactivios; sus atomos tienen ocho electrones
UNREACTIVE:
When outer energy level (or shell) is
“filled” with its maximum number of
electrons, the atom will not add or lose
another electron; it is not reactive.
Neon
Ne
10P, 10N
Filled Shell
8 Valence
electrons
Unreactive non-metals in
Group 18 of the Period Table.
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Filled Shell
2 Valence
electrons
He
2P, 2N
Electron Shell
capa de electrones: la zona donde se encuentran los electrones.
In a carbon atom, 2 electrons
are located within the first shell and the
next 4 electrons within the second shell.
Remember that this is only a model.
The atom is 3-dimentional,
and a shell can be loosely compared to a
layer of an onion with the electron
appearing any place on the layer.
CARBON
A specific area where electrons of the
same energy level are found.
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Valence Electrons
electrones de valencia: los electrones del nivel externo de energia
de un atomo; son importantes porque determinan como
reaccionara un elemento con otras substancias.
Fluorine
9 PROTONS
Magnesium
12 PROTONS
Hydrogen
1 PROTON
The electrons in the outermost energy level
of an atom that influence how an element
will react with other substances.
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