guía de estudio de ingles - Instituto Misael Acosta Solis
Transcripción
guía de estudio de ingles - Instituto Misael Acosta Solis
INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TECNOLÓGICO DE NATUROPATIA “Dr. MISAEL ACOSTA SOLIS” RIOBAMBA – ECUADOR GUÍA DE ESTUDIO DE INGLES 2011 - 2012 1 A los alumnos: En sus manos tienen un manual bastante sencillo de los temas básicos para el uso del idioma Inglés como una herramienta de comunicación con sus pacientes Ingles - hablantes. Deben ustedes recordar que una comunicación es efectiva cuando podemos dar a conocer nuestro mensaje, no necesariamente cuando demostramos cuanto sabemos del idioma. De ahí la importancia de que al momento de entablar un diálogo con un extranjero se lo haga de la manera mas concisa y precisa posible. Al final del manual - texto de estudio encontrarán un glosario clasificado alfabéticamente con términos necesarios para el desenvolvimiento de una entrevista médica. Exitos en su labor profesional. Es la mejor de todas. Atentamente, EL AUTOR 2 ENGLISH 1 MARCELO ORTEGA CONTENTS UNIT 1 The alphabet How do you spell ? Cardinal Numbers Addition, substruction, multiplicacion, division Ordinal Numbers Days of the week. Months of the year, Dates Greetings and saying good-bye Personal Information Nouns, plural forms Glossary UNIT 2 Verb to Be, affirmative, negative, and interrogative forms Information Questions The adjectives, list of the most common ones Possessive adjectives What is your name? Glossary UNIT 3 Present progressive, affirmative, negative, and interrogative forms Simple Present, affirmative, negative, and interrogative forms Simple Past, affirmative, negative, and interrogative forms Rules for past tense Verb to Be in past Glossary UNIT 4 Common Verbs with meaning Irregular verbs Modal auxiliaries: Can, Will, Should Modal Auxiliary: Must Medical Check-ups Glossary, time expressions UNIT 5 The human body Illness Vocabulary related to medicine Food 3 UNIT ONE THE ALPHABET A (EY) H (EYCH) O (OW) B (BI ) C (SI) D (DI) E (I) F (EF) G(GI) I (AI) J (GEY) K(KEY) L (l) M (EM) N (EN) P (pi) K ( KIU) R (AR) S (ES) T (TI) U (YU) V (VI) W (DABL YU ) X (EKS) Y (WAI) Z (ZI) PRACTICE Learn the follwong phrases and practice them. Aprenda las siguientes frases y practíquelas. How do you spell _____ ? Como se deletrea How do you spell that? Como se deletrea eso ? How do you spell your name? Como se deletrea su nombre? How do you spell your last name? Como se deletra tu apellido? How do you spell your first name ? Como se deletrea su primer nombre? How do you spell your middle name? Como se deletrea su Segundo nombre Practice with a partner spell some words to him/her and ask him / her to do the same. Practique con su compañer@. Deletree algunas palabras y pídale que haga lo mismo con ud. ______________________________________ __________________________________________ ______________________________________ __________________________________________ ______________________________________ __________________________________________ ______________________________________ __________________________________________ 4 Cardinal numbers 1 One 11 Eleven 30 Thirty 2 Two 12 Twelve 40 Forty 3 Three 13 Thirteen 50 Fifty 4 Four 14 Fourteen 60 Sixty 5 Five 15 Fifteen 70 Seventy 6 Six 16 Sixteen 80 Eighty 7 Seven 17 Seventeen 90 Ninety 8 Eight 18 Eighteen 100 One hundred 9 Nine 19 Nineteen 1,000 One thousand 10 Ten 20 Twenty 1,000,000 One million Addition 7 + 6 =13 Seven plus six equals thirteen Substraction 70 - 60 = 10 Seventy minus sixty equals ten Multiplication 4 x 10 =40 Four times ten equals forty division 30/ 6 = 5 Thirty divided by six equals five Practice Put the following in words. Ponga lo siguiente en palahras. 34 + 16 = ____ __________________________________________ 27-17 = _____ __________________________________________ 14x4 = ______ __________________________________________ 78/2= _____ __________________________________________ 20 + 13 = _____ __________________________________________ 69/3=______ __________________________________________ _ 48-35 = _____ ___________________________________________ 5 ORDINAL NUMBER 1SD First 11TH Eleventh 21 ST Twenty-first 2ND Second 12THTwelfth 22ND Twenty-second 3RD Third 13TH Thirteenth 30 TH Thirtieth 4TH Fourth 14TH Fourteenth 40 TH Fortieth 5TH Fifth 15THFifteenth 50 TH Fiftieth 6THSixth 16THSixteenth 60 TH Sixtieth 7TH Seventh 17THSeventeenth 70 TH Seventieth 8TH Eighth 18THEighteenth 80 TH Eightieth 9TH Ninth 19TH Nineteenth 90 TH Ninetieth 10TH Tenth 20 TH Twentieth 100 TH One hundredth MONTHS OF THE YEAR DAYS OF THE WEEK MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY SUNDAY January July February August March September April October May November June DECEMBER December DATES Labor Day is in May. IN + Month Mother’s Dav is on Sunday. ON + Dav Christmas is on December 25*. ON + Month + Day May 24,1824 Month + Day + Year 6 PRACTICE Write the corresponding date according to the information given. Escriba la Fecha correspondiente de acuerdo a La información dado. New year Independence Day __________________________________ New Year’s Eve _________________________________ Your birthday ________________________________ Saint Valentine _________________________________ Woman’ s Day _________________________________ GREETINGS SALUDOS SAYING GOOD BYE DESPEDIDAS Hi hola bye Adios Hello hola bye adios Good morning Buenos dias good bye buenas noches Good afternoon Buenos tardes good night Buenas noches Good evening buenas noches a. How are you? A. como estas ? see you later hasta luego b. Fine thanks. B. bien gracias see you tomorrow hasta mañna take care cuidate MEETING SOMEONE CONOCIENDO A ALGUIEN a. How do you do? A. como estas ? b. How do you do? B. como esta ? a. Nice to meet you a. gusto conocerte b. Nice to meet you too b. gusto en conocerte tambien 7 IDENTIFICATION CARD First name: __________________________________________________________ Last name: __________________________________________________________ Phone : __________________________________________________________ Place of birth: __________________________________________________________ Date of birth: __________________________________________________________ Address __________________________________________________________ PRACTICE Introduce yourself by using the information in the identification card that you Filled out. Presentese a su compañero usando la informacion de la tarjeta que lleno arriba Hello my name is _______________My phone number is _______I am _______years old. My birthday is on ___________ and I live in ______________ NOUNS SINGULAR IT IS A/AN PLURAL THEY ARE THIS THESE THAT THOSE This (esto, esta, este) These (estos, estas) That (eso. esa, esc) Those (esos, esas) Note: A and AN mean ONE. And are used Nota: A y AN signfica UNO. Y se usan 8 Only in singular. solo en singular. A is used before a consonant sound and A se usa antes de sonido consonante, y AN is used before a vowel sound AN se usa antes de sonido vocal PLURAL RULES Reglas para pluraleS 1. Se añade “s”’ a la mayoria de los sustantivos. en "Y'" Book Books cambia en Key Keys Door Doors 2. Se añade “es”a los sustantivos que terminan en ch, sh, x, s; and o. o Church Churches Dish Dish Box Boxes Glass Glasses Tomato Tomatoes 3. Cuando el sustantivo termina despues de una consonante, “y” “i” i se añade “es” Strawberry Strawberries Copy Copies 4. Cuando el sustantivo termina en “ f ” “fe” se cambian en “v” y se añade “es’". Wife Wives Wolf Wolves IRREGULAR PLURALS Plurales irregulares l man Men Goose Ceese Woman Women Mouse Mice Policeman Policemen Louse Lice Policewoman Policewomen Foot Feet Salesman Salesmen Tooth Teeth Child Children Radio Radios Person People Piano Pianos Fish Fish Dwarf Dwarfs Ox Oxen Bacterium Bacteria Deer Deer Medium Media PRATICE Change the following words to plural Cambie las siguientes palabras a plural. Horse ____________ 9 Box ____________ Knife ____________ Eraser ____________ Lamp ____________ Church ____________ Fish ____________ Person____________ Class____________ Potato____________ Candle____________ Kiss____________ Blackberry____________ Surgeon ____________ Card____________ Address____________ Bacterium____________ Virus____________ Amoeba____________ Piano____________ Antibiotic____________ Lamp____________ Wife____________ Tomato____________ Month____________ Year____________ Foot____________ Day____________ Watch ____________ glossary Addition Suma Lamp Lampara Address Direccion Louse Piojo Amoeba Ameba Man hombre Antibiotic Antibiotico Medium Mediano Bacterium Bacteria Month Mes Blackberry' Mora Mouse Raton Box Caja Multiplication Multiplicacion Candle Vela New Year Año Nuevo Card Tarjeta New Year's eve Año Viejo 10 Cardinal number Numeros Cardinales Noun Sustantivo Child Nino Ordinal Numbers Numeros Ordinales Christmas Navidad Ox Buey Christmas' eve Noche Buena Person Persona Church Iglesia Phone Telefono Class Clase Piano Piano Date of birth Fecha de Nacimiento Place of birth Lugar de nacimineto Dates Fechas Plural Plural Day Dia Policeman Policia (varon) Deer Venado Policewoman Policia (mujer) Division Division Potato Papa (tuberculo) Dwarf Enano Radio Radio Eraser Borrador fish pescado Saint Valentines Dia del amor y la amistad salesman vendedor Foot Pie Singular Singular Goose Ganzo Subs traction Resta Horse Caballo Surgeon Cirujano Identificacion Identificación Tooth Diente Independence day Dia de la independencia Week Semana Kiss Beso Woman Mujer Knife Cuchillo Year Año Unit two Verb to be En español que son “ser” y “estar”. A continuacion tiene las conjugaciones en presente simple AFFIRMATIVE FORM Forma afirmativa I am = I'm Yo soy / yo estoy 11 You are = He is= .She is = It is = We are You are = They are = You're Tu eres / tu estas He’s El es / el esta She’s Ella es / ella esta It’s Eso es / eso esta We´re Nosotros somos / nosotros estamos You’re Ustedes son / ustedes estan They’re Ellos son / ellos estan NEGATIVE FORM Forma negativa I am not = You are not = He is not = .She is not = It is not = We are not = You are not = They are not = I’m not You aren't He isn’t She isn’t It isn’t We aren’t You aren’t They aren’t Yo no soy / yo no estoy Tu no eres / tu no estas El no es / el no esta Ella no es / ella no esta Eso no es / eso no esta Nosotros no somos /nosotros no estamos Ustedes no son / ustedes no estan Ellos no son / ellos no estan INTERROGATIVE FORM Forma interrogative Are vou ? Am I ? Is he ? Is She ? Is it ? Are vou ? Are we ? Are thev ? Yes, I am/No, I’m not Yes, you are/No, you aren't Yes he is/No, he isn’t Yes, she is/No, she isn’t Yes. it is/No, it isn’t Yes, we are/No, we aren't Yes, you are/No, you aren’t Yes, they are/No, they aren’t PRACTICE Complete the following sentences with the right forms of the Verb Be. Complete las siguientes oraciones con las formas correctas del verbo Be . 1. Carlos ______a doctor. 2. The nurse______ 3. VIH____ 4. ______your friend sick? 5. The patients____ 6. Our blood ______red 7. This girl ______very sick. very polite. a mortal virus. in the wainting room- 12 8. The book _______on the desk . 9. Franklin _______a great father. 10. _______ Adriana new in the office? 11. The office ________near the stadium. 12. The driver _______not rude to the passengers. 13. Milk______good for your teeth. PRACTICE Change the following sentences into negative and interrogative forms. Cambie las siguientes oraciones a formas negativa e interrogative. 1. Carol is a nice patient. 2. We are in the waiting room. 3. Frank is a doctor. 4. This is a deep cut. 5. That wound is infected. 6. The nurse is at the desk. 7. The books are on the shelf 13 The patient is at the doctor’s office The patient isn’t at the doctor’s office. Is the patient at the doctor's office? WH QUESTION Las preguntas de informacion se forman al añadir al principio de la forma interrogativa la palabras de informacion. Las mas comunes son Where When Who Why How What How much How many Whose W'hat kind of Donde Cuando Quien Por que C6mo Que Cuanto Cuantos De quien Que clase de Where is your house? When is Christmas? Who is die mayor of Quito? Why is he absent? How are you? What is your job? How much is it? How many people are clas? Whose pen is it? What land of flowers are thev? PRACTICE Complete the following questions according to the answers. Complete las siguientes pregttnim de acuerdo a las respuestas dados 1.________ is the bank ? 4. __________ is that ? It is on west ave that´s a tongue depressor 2._______ is Christmas ? 5.________ book is it? It is on December 25 th it is Adry´s book 3.________ is he ? 6.________ are you? He´s the mayor of quito i´m fine , thank you 14 PRACTICE Change the following statements into wh-questions. Cambie las siguientes oraciones en preguntas de informacion . 1. Anita’s birthday is onJuly 20th 2. The shoppmg center is on Amazonas Ave. 3. She is my teacher ______________ ____________ ______________ 4. My telephone number is 096048333 _____________ 5. Adry is very- beautuful. ______________ 6. Those are scissors. ______________ 7. He is my father. ______________ THE ADJECTIVES Los adjetivos son cualidades o caracteristicas de los objetos (personas, animales, o cosas). En Ingles no tienen ni genero ni numero, esto es. se usa el mismo adjetivo para el o ella o ellos. 'No se aumenta “s” o “es’ EJEMPLO Luis is tall Susan is tall. They are tall. Sandra and Adry are tall Cuando van con un sustativo se ubican antes de este. EJEMPLO Luis is a tall boy 15 THE MOST COMMON ADJECTIVES Los adjetivos mas e Comunes 1. Good Bad 1. Bueno Malo 2. Easy Difficult 2. Facil Dificil 3. Slow Fast 3. Lento Rapido 4. Happy Sad 4. Feliz Triste 5. Interesting Boring 5. Interesante Aburrido 6 Intelligent Dumb 6. Inteligente tonto 7. Beautiful Ugly 7. Hermosa Fea 8. Handsome Ugly 8. Atractivo Feo 9. Delicious Awful 9. Delicioso Feo (sabor) 10. Rich Poor 10. Rico Pobre 11. Che ap Expensive 11. Barato Caro 12. Tall Short 12. Alto Pequeño 13. Long Short 13. Largo Corto 14. Wide Narrow 14. Ancho Estrecho 15. Soft Hard 15. Suave Duro 16. Old New 16. Viejo Nuevo 17. Old Young 17. Viejo Joven 18. Strong Weak 18. Fuerte Debil 19. Light Heavy 19. Liviano Pesado 20. Empty Full 20. Vacio Lleno 21. Awake Asleep 21. Despierto Dormido 22. Dead Alive 22. Muerto Vivo 23. Safe Dangerous 23. Seguro Peligroso 24. Thin Thick 24. Delgado Grueso 25. Thin Fat 25. Delgado gordo 16 26. Clear Dark 26.claro Obscuro 27. Clean Dirty 27. Limpio Sucio 28. Honest Dishonest 28. Honesto Desonesto 29. ILL Well 29.Enfermo Sano 30. Deep Shallow 30. Profundo Superficial PRACTICE Fill in the blanks with the corresponding word from the column on the right. Llene los espacios en bianco con la palabra correspondiente de la columna en la derecha. 1. Catherine Zeta-Jones isn’t ugly. She is ________ 2. WEAK LIGHT WIDE HAPPY DARK BEUTIFUL FUNNY SMALL CHEPA OLD Babies aren’t ________They are young. 3. Rolex watches aren't ________ They’re expensive 4. Clowns aren’t serious. They’re ____________ 5. Ants aren’t big. They’re __________ 6. Superman isn’t _________ He is strong. 7. A loaded truck isn’t _______ 8. Caves are usually_________ They aren’t very clear. 9. Carlos is very _________He isn’t sad because it’s his birthday. It is very heavy. 10. Amazon river isn’t narrow. It’s very ___________ PRACTICE Make similar examples as the ones above. Use affirmative and negative statements. Realice ejemplos similares a los de arriba. Use oraciones afirmativas y negativas. 1 ______________________________________________________________________ 2 ______________________________________________________________________ 3______________________________________________________________________ 4______________________________________________________________________ 5______________________________________________________________________ 17 PRACTICE Unscramble the following statements. Ponga en orden las siguientes oraciones. 1. Maria / tall / is / a / girl. 2. Quito / a / city / big / is. 3. are / we / students / responsible. 4. bone / is / that I broken / a 5. This / cut / is / a / deep. 6. healthy / boy / is / a / he. 7. father / a / is / strong / my / man. POSSESSIVES POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES Los adjetivos posesivos MY Mi YOUR Su (de ud) HIS Su (de el) HER Su (de ella) ITS OUR Su (de cosas) Nuestro YOUR Suyo (de uds) THEIR ´ Su (de ellos) Noun’S sustantivo ´S 18 Los adjetivos posesivos siempre van antes del sustantivo. No tienen plural; esto es, my significa mio y mios. Se puede indicar posesion al aumentar apostrofe s (“s) al final del sustantivo. Si el sustantivo termina en s solo se aumenta el apostrofe WHAT IS YOUR NAME? Cual es su nombre? SINGULAR What is his name '? His name is Andre, or He is Andre. PLURAL What are their names ? Their names are Esteban and Ana, or They are Esteban and Ana. SINGULAR Cuál es su nombre ? Su nombre es Andre, o El es Andre. PLURAL Cuáles son sus nombres ? Sus nombres son Esteban and Ana, o Elios son Esteban and Ana. 19 PRACTICE Make similar examples. Practice with a partner. Realice ejemplos silimares. Practique con Un compañero. 1. What is your name? 5. What are your parents' names? 2. 6. 3.- 7. 4.´ 8. PRACTICE Substitute the noun possessive with the possessive adjective. substituya el posesivo con el correspondiente adjetivo posesivo. 1 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. . That is Susan's Clip. Sandra’s father is Tom They are Alberto’s shoes. Victor’s office is very clean. Tom and Boby's books are very neat. Fernando is Carlos and Sonia’s cousin. My mother’s food is delicious. Roberto’s sister is Martha. Paola is Hugo’s daughter. Your son and my son are very tall. glossary Aunt Tia Mayor Alcalde Bank Banco Mother Madre Because Porque Nurse Enfermero (a) Bone Hueso Passenger Pasajero Broken Roto Patient Paciente Brother Hermano Polite Cortez 20 Cap Gorra Responsible Responsable Cave Cueva River Rio Cousin Primo (a) Scissors Tijeras Cut Corte Shelf Repisa Daughter Hija Shoes Zapatos Father Padre Sick Enfermno Granddaughter Nieta Sister Hernana Grandfather Abuelo Son Hijo Grandmother Abuela Tongue depressor Baja lenguas Grandson Nieto Truck Camion Cheat Grandioso Uncle Tio Husband Esposo Waiting room Sala de espera Infected Infectado Wife Esposa Loaded Cargado Wound Herida UNIT THREE PRESERT PROGRESSIVE El tiempo presente progresivo es usado cuando nos referimos a situaciones que suceden en el momento que estamos hablando. Se forma con e! verbo BE que significa ESTAR y el verbo principal en gerundio (ING) que da las terminaciones ANDO y ENDO a los verbos en español AFFIRMATIVE FORM Forma afirmativa S + BE + V ING + C. I am Yo estoy you are Tu estas he is El esta she is Ella esta it is we are drinking some water. Eso esta bebiendo agua Nosotros estamos 21 you are Ustedes estan they are Ellos estan NEGATIVE FORM Forma negative S + BE +NOT + VLNG + C. I am not Yo no estoy you are not Tu no estas he is not El no esta she is not Ella no esta it is not drinking some water. Eso no esta we are not Nosotros no estamos you are not Ustedes no estan they are not Ellos no estan bebiendo agua INTERROGATIVE FORM Forma interrogativa Are you Yes, I am /No, I’m not Am I Yes, you are /No, you aren’t Is he Yes he is /No, he isn't Is She Yes, she is /No, she isn't Is it drinking some water? Yes, it is /No, it isn't Are you Yes, we are /No, we aren’t Are we Yes, you are /No, you aren’t Are they Yes, they are / No, they aren’t 22 PRACTICE Make sentences in present progressive with the cues given. haga oraciones en presente progresivo con las claves dadas. 1.Juan / clean / his house. 2.Andre / take a shower / now 3.Micky / eat / a hamburger / ? 4.Mom and dad / not / make lunch / this moment 5.Sandra / comb / her hair / on her bedroom. 6.Roberto / travel / to Galapagos / for business / ? 7.Adrv / sleep / on the sofa. 8.Pamela / not / study / for he test. 9.The girl / smile at / the boy / ? 10.The secretary / answer / the phone. 23 PRACTICE Look around and write sentences about what the people you see are doing. Mire a su alrededor haga oraciones acerca de Que esta haciendo la gente que ud ve. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Simple present Utilizamos el tiempo presente simple en dos situaciones: a) Para hablar de habitos o actmdades cotidianas. b) Para hablar de hechos reales o dar información 24 AFFIRMATIVE FORM Forma afirmativa El verbo tiene solo dos cojugaciones: para los pronombres I, WE, YOU, THEY el verbo va el forma simple ( eat, drink, watch ) y para los pronombres HE, SHE, IT el verbo va con '‘S’ (eats, drinks, watches), se aplican las mismas reglas del plural de los sustantivos.en la pagina I YOU I YOU WE V+C WE THEY THEY HE HE V+””S”” + C SHE IT RUN FAST SHE RUNS FAST IT NEGATIVE FORM Forma negativa En la forma negativa se debe usar los auxiliares; DO para los pronombres I we, youn, they” y DOES para los pronombres "he. she, it” El verbo siempre ira en forma simple. Las formas negatives son DO NOT = DON’T, y DOES NOT = DOESN'T I I YOU YOU WE DON’T + VSF+C WE THEY THEY HE HE SHE IT DOESN’T + Vsf + C SHE DON’T RUN FAST DOESN’T RUN FAST IT 25 INTERROGATIVE FORM Forma interrogative Para realizar preguntas se anteponen los auxiliares: DO para los pronombres “I, we,you, they” y DOES para los pronombres "lie, she, it” El verbo siempre ira en forma simple. DO I I YOU YOU WE + Vsf + C? DO WE THEY THEY HE HE DOES SHE + VSf + C ? DOES IT SHE RUN FAST 7 RUN FAST ? IT PRACTICE Make sentences in simple present with the cues given. Haga oraciones en presente simple con las claves dadas. 1.Juan / live I in Quito. 2.Andrea / takes the bus / at 7:00 3.you / like / pizza I ? 4.My mom / not / make lunch / on Sundays 5.The Earth / revolve / around the sun. 6.Teenagers / drive / very fast / ? 26 7.Pam / not / have / a car. 8.Dolphins / not / eat / men. 9.That girl / study / at M. A. S. Institute ? 10.Carlos/teach/anatomy PRACTICE Complete the following statementes with appropriate logical ideas. Complete las siguientes oraciones con ideas apropiadas y logicas. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. I _________ at 6:00 Every morning I _________ at Misael Acosta Institute My parents live in _______________ I ___________ a family Our body___________ 205 bones I ______ at 2:00 pm Cats _______ milk Mice _________ cheese Dolphins __________ very fast Ecuador ___________ petroleum 27 Simple past Utilizamos el tiempo pasado simple para hablar de actividades. hechos o situaeiones cpxe tuvieron lugar antes del momento en cjue estamos. AFFIRMATIVE FORM S + V + C Forma afirmativa En pasado el verbo solo tiene una cojugacion para todos los pronombres. Con la mayoría de los verbos se aumenta ‘'ED'" para el pasado. hay un grupo de verbos considerados excepciones o verbos irregulares. Estos tienen su propia forma y ud encontrara una lista a continuación I I YOU YOU HE HE SHE SHE IT VFAST + C IT WE WE YOU YOU THEY THEY PLAYED IN THE PARK NEGATIVE FORM Forma negativa En la forma negativa se debe usar el auxiliar “DID” para todos los pronombres El verbo siempre ira en forma simple. La forma negative es DID NOT = DIDN’T i I YOU YOU HE HE 28 SHE SHE DIDN’T+ VSF+C IT DIDN’T PLAY IN THE PARK. IT WE WE YOU YOU THEY THEY INTERROGATIVE FORM Forma interrogativa Para realizar preguntas se anteponen el auxiliar DID para todos los pronombres. El verbo siempre ira en forma simple. DID I I YOU YOU HE HE SHE SHE IT + VSF + C ? DID IT WE WE YOU YOU THEY THEY PLAY IN THE PARK ? RULES TO CHANGE REGULAR VERBS INTO PAST TENSE Reglas para cambiar los verbos regulares al pasado 1. Se añade "ED" a la mavoria de los verbos. ejemplos Work - worked Talk-talked Clean - cleaned 2.Se'añade "D" alos verbos que terminen en "E". Ejemplos: 29 Dance - danced Save - saved 3.Cuando el verbo terminan en “Y” despues de una consonante. ‘T camiba en “I” y se añade “ED’ Ejemplos: Simplify - simplified Cop}' - copied 4. Cuando el verbo tiene acento en la ultima silaba y termina en 1 consonante luego de 1 sola vocal. Se duplica la ultima consonante v se añade “ED”, no se duplican las consonantes: X, Y, o W. Ejemplos Stop - stopped Permit – permitted PRACTICE : Change the following verbs into past. Cambie los siguientes verbos a pasado. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. agree touch mail wrap lie smile enjoy walk 9.Like 10. laugh 11.smell 12.cry 13. slip 14. grab 15. Type 16. Clap PRACTICE Make sentences in simple past with the cues given. Haga oraciones en pasado simple con las claves dadas. 1. Paola / get married / in 1995. 6. Tim / buy / a new car / ? ___________________________ ____________________________ 2. Gabriela / have breakfast / at 7:00 7. Pam / not / talk / to her teacher. ____________________________ _____________________________ 30 3. you / go to / Italy / ? 8. I / not / feed / my dog. ____________________________ _____________________________ 4. Marvlin / not / bake / any cookies. 9. Alex / graduate / Iast year ? _____________________________ _____________________________ 5. The boys / break / the window. 10.Silvia / build t her house / in 1980. _____________________________ ______________________________ VERB TO BE IN PAST El verbo to BE en pasado tiene dos cojugaciones: WAS para los pronombres I, He,She, It y WERE para los pronombres We, You, They. Para las formas negatives se aumenta NOT al verbo y las contracciones son: WASN’T y WEREN’T. Recuerde que el significado es FUE y “ESTUVO” AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE I was I wasn’t Were you ____? You were You weren’t Was I _____? He was He wasn’t Was he _____? She was She wasn’t Was she_____? It was It wasn’t Was it _______ ? We were We weren’t Were you ____ ? You were You weren't Were we _____ ? They were They weren’t Were they _____? 31 PRACTICE Change the following sentences into past tense. Cambie las siguientes oraciones a pasado. 1. Samantha is very sick. 6.Tim/buy/a new car/? __________________________ ________________________________ 2. 7.Pam/not/talk/to her teacher. Eduardo is at home on Sundays __________________________ ________________________________ 3. 8 I / not / teed / my dog. Are you tired ? __________________________ ________________________________ 4. 9.Alex/graduate /last year ? Is your father happy with his job? __________________________ _______________________________ 5. 10.Silvia / build / her house / in 1980. The boys / break / the window. _________________________ _______________________________ GLOSSARY Body Cuerpo Job Trabajo Bone Hueso Milk Leche Business Negocio Petroleum Petroleo Cookie Galleta Revolve Girar Dolphin Delfin Take a shower Duecharse Earth La Tierra Teenager Adolesente Hair Pelo, cabello Tired Cansado 32 UNIT FOUR COMMON VERBS Agree Estar de Acuerdo Grow up Criarse Remember Recordar Answer Contestar Guess Adivinar Rent Arrive llegar Hate Odiar Repair Reparar Ask Have Tener Rest Descanzar Preguntar Alquilar Ask for Pedir Have breakfast Desayunar Ride Montar Attend Atender Have dinner Merendar Run Correr Be Have lunch almorzar Save Salvar / Ahorrar Ser / estar Become llegar a ser Hear Oir Say Decir Borrow Pedir prestado Help Ayudar See Ver Bring Traer Hope esperar Sell Vender Buy Comprar Invite Invitar Serve Servir Call Llamar Jog Trotar Shout Gritar Carry Llevar Join unir/enrolarce Sing Cantar Catch Atrapar Kiss Besar Sit Sentarse Celebrate Celehrar Know Saber Skate Patinar Choose Escoger Leave Dejar / Salir de Sleep Dotmir Clean Limpiar Lend Prestar Smoke Fumar Climb Lie Mentir/ acostarse Speak Hablar Close Cerrar lift Levantar Stand Pararse O Come Venir Like Gustar Start Comenzar Cook Listen to Escuchar Stay Quedarse Dance Bailar Live Study Estudiar Do Hacar Look at Draw Dibujar Look for Buscar me Escalar Cocinar Vivir Mirar Swim Nadar Take Tomar 33 Drink Beber Lose Perder Talk Drive Manejar Love Amar Teach Enseñar Eat Comer Mail Enviar x correo Tell Contar Enjoy Disfrutar Make Hacer T hink Pensar Feel Sentir Meet Conocer (person) Try Tratar Find Encontrar Miss Extrañar Turn Girar Finish Terminar Move Mover Type Escribir a snaq Fix Need Necesitar Use usar Forget Olvidar Open Abrir Visit Visitor Get Order Ordenar Wait for Esperar por Get married Casarse Pay Pagar Walk Caminar Get to Ilegar Play Jugar Want Querer Get up Levantarse Put Poner Wash Lavar Give Dar Rain Dover Watch Ver Go Ir Read Leer Wear Usar (ropa) Arreglar Conseguir Conversar Graduate Graduate Receive Recibir Work Trabajar Grow Relax Relajarse Write Escribir Crecer / cultrvar IRREGULAR VERBS PRESENT PAST PAST PARTICIPLE MEANING Awake Awoke Awaken DESPERTAR Be Was/Were Been SER.ESTAR Beat Beat Beaten Become Became Become LLEGAR A SER Begin Began Begun EMPEZAR Bet Bet Bet APOSTAR BATIR. LATIR, GOLPEAR 34 Bite Bit Bitten MORDER Bleed Bled Bled SANGRAR Blow Blew Blown SOPLAR Break Broke Broken ROMPER Bring Brought Brought TRAER Build Built Built CONSTRUIR Buy Bought Bought COMPRAR Catch Caught Caught ATRAPAR Choose Chose Chosen ESCOJER Come Came Come VENIR Cost Cost Cost COSTAR Creep Crept Crept ARRASTRARSE Cut Cut Cut CORTAR Deal Dealt Dealt NEGOCIAR Dig Dug Dug CAVAR Do Did Done HACER Draw Drew Drawn DIBUJAR Drink Drank Drunk BEBER. TOMAR Drive Drove Driven MANEJAR, CONDUCIR Eat Ate Eaten COMER Fall Fell Fallen CAER Feed Fed Fed ALIMENTAR Feel Felt Felt SENTIR Fight Fought Fought PELEAR Find Found Found ENCONTRAR Fly Flew Flown VOLAR Forbid Forbade Forbidden PROHIBIR Foretell Foretold Foretold PREDECIR 35 Forget Forgot Forgotten OLVIDAR Forgive Forgave Forgiven PERDONAR Freeze Froze Frozen CONGELAR Get Got Gotten CONSEGUIR Give Gave Given DAR Go Went Gone IR Grind Ground Ground MOLER Grow Grew Grown CRECER Have Had Had TENER Hear Heard Heard OIR Hide Hid Hidden ESCONDER Hit Hit Hit GOLPEAR Hold Held Held SOS TENER Hurt Hurt Hurt DOLER, HERIR Keep Kept Kept Know Knew Known SABER, CONOCER Lay Laid Laid PONER Lead Led Led DIRIJIR. LIDERAR Leave Left Left DEJAR. SALIR Lend Lent Lent PRESTAR Let Let Let PERMITIR Lie Lay Lain ACOSTARSE Lose Lost Lost PERDER Make Made Made HACER Mean Meant Meant SIGNIFICAR Meet Met Met Overcome Overcame Overcome SUPERAR Overthrow Overthrew Overthrown DERROCAR GUARDAR. MAN’TENER CONOCER (PERSONAS) 36 Pay Paid Paid PAGAR Put Put Put PONER Quit Quit Quit Read Read Read LEER Ride Rode Ridden MONTAR Ring Rang Rung TIMBRAR Run Ran Run CORRER Say Said Said DECIR See Saw Seen VER Seek Sought Sought BUSCAR Sell Sold Sold VENDER Send Sent Sent ENVIAR Set Set Set COLOCAR Shake Shook Shaken SACUDIR Shoot Shot Shot DISPARAR Shrink Shrank Shrunk ENCOGER Shut Shut Shut CERRAR Sing Sang Sung CANTAR Sink Sank Sunk HUNDIR Sit Sat Sat SENTARSE Sleep Slept Slept DORMIR Speak Spoke Spoken HABLAR Spend Spent Spent. GASTAR Spread Spread Spread ESPARCIR Stand Stood Stood PARARSE Steal Stole Stolen ROBAR Swear Swore Sworn JURAR Sweep Swept Swept BARRER DEJAR (UNA ACTIVIDAD) 37 Swim Swam Swum NADAR Swing Swung Swung COLUMPIARSE Take Took Taken TOMAR, COGER Teach Taught Taught ENSENAR Tear Tore Tom RASGAR Tell Told Told CONTAR, DECIR Think Thought Thought PENSAR Throw Threw Thrown LANZAR Understand Understood Understood ENTENDER Wake up Woke up Woken up DESPERTARSE Wear Wore Worn USAR(ROPA) Weep Wept Wept SOLLOZAR Wet Wet Wet MOJAR Win Won Won GANAR Write Wrote Written ESCRIB1R MODAL AUXILIARIES Se llaman asi a un grupo de verbos que tienen la caracteristica de ser a mas de verbos (con significado propio) tambien auxiliares. Esto quiere decir que no se conjugan y que van seguidos de otro verbo en forma simple. Para las formas negativas se les aumenta NOT y para las interrogativas se les ubica al principio de la oracion. Los mas importantes son: CAN Poder (Posibilidad y Habilidad) AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE I can I can’t Can you ? You can You can’t Can I ? 38 He can He can t Can he ? She can She can't Can she? It can It can’t Can it ? We can We can’t Can you ‘? You can You can’t Can we ? They can They can't Can they? AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE I will I won’t Will you? You will You won’t Will I ? He will He won’t Will he ? She will She won't Will she? It will It won’t Will it ? We will We won’t Will you ? You will You won’t Will we ? They will They won’t Will they? AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE I should I shouldn’t Should you? You should You shouldn’t Should 1? He should He shouldn’t Should he? She should She shouldn’t Should she? It should It shouldn't Should it ? WILL Futuro SHOULD Deberia (Consejo) 39 We should We shouldn’t Should you? You should You shouldn’t Should we ? They should They shouldn’t Should they ? AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE I must I mustn’t Must I ? You must You mustn’t Must you? He must He mustn’t Must he ? She must She mustn’t Must she? It must It mustn’t Must it ? We must We mustn’t Must you ? You must You mustn’t Must we ? They must They mustn’t Must they ? MUST Tener que, Deber (Obligation) PRACTICE Traslate the following statements Tradusca los siguientes enunciados. 1. Mi padre puede hablar Ingles. 6. No puede beber licor ___________________________ _____________________________ 2. Tiene que hacer ejercicio. 7. Tiene que hacer ejercicio ____________________________ ______________________________ 3. Deberia ir al medico 8.que debo hacer ? ____________________________ _______________________________ 4. Puedo comer vegetales? 9. Cuando puedo trabajar ? 40 ____________________________ _______________________________ 5. Ella deberia trotar todas las mafianas. 10.vendre el próximo mes _________________________________ ______________________________ PRATICE Read the following sentences and give your opinion. Lea las siguientes oraciones y de su opinion. 1. I have a backache. 7. MY son broke his arm ______________________ ____________________________ 2. My mother has the flu. 8. My nose is bleeding ______________________ ____________________________ 3. I am coughing. 9. I feel weak ______________________ ____________________________ 4. my stomach hurts ? 10. My husband is stressed out ______________________ _____________________________ 5. I can´t see very very well 11. I am allergic to penicillin. _______________________ _____________________________ 6. I drank liquor and I have a rush. 12. I want to lose weight _____________________________ _________________________________ MEDICAL CHECK-UPS Un check-up es un chequeo medico. Durante el este chequeo apareceran muchas interrogantes de parte y parte: muchas de esas preguntas pueden ser vitales para un correcto diagnostico de la enfermedad. A continuacion tendra unos modelos de conversaciones entre doctor y paciente –que ud tendra que seguir el momento que atienda a un paciente de habla ingles 41 FIRST APPOINTMENT Primera cita DOCTOR: PATIENT: DOCTOR: PATIENT: DOCTOR: PATIENT: DOCTOR: PATIENT: DOCTOR: PATIENT: DOCTOR PATIENT: DOCTOR: PATIENT: DOCTOR: PATIENT': DOCTOR: PATIENT: DOCTOR PATIENT DOCTOR Good morning. DOCTOR: Good morning. PACIENTE: How can I help you? DOCTOR. I feel sick PACIENTE. What’s the problem? DOCTOR: I have a pain. PACIENTE: Where does it hurt? DOCTOR Right here doctor. PACIENTE: Let me take a look. Ok. That's DOCTOR: your throat. Please, open your mouth. Is it serious? PACIENTE: Let ’s see it When does it hurt? DOCTOR almost all the time, mainly PACIENTE: when I´m eating or drinking, or when I try to swallow something. Don't worry, you just need DOCTOR: some antibiotics. What do I have to do ? PACIENTE: Here you have a prescription DOCTOR Go to the drugstore and buy this medicine. You must take these tablets three times a day with your meals. That is every eight hours. Anything else? PACIENTE: Yes, drink lots of liquids and DOCTOR: don’t speak aloud. Take care of your throat Thanks, doctor When do I PACIENTE: come back? Just come back if you continue DOCTOR: having pain or fever. Ok. Good-bye doctor. PACIENTE: Bye and take care DOCTOR: Buenos dias Buenos dias En que puedo ayudarle? Me siento enfermo Cual es el problema? Tengo un dolor Donde duele? Justo aqui Dejeme echar un vistazo. Ok es su garganta Por favor abra su boca. Es algo serio? Veamos Cuando duele? Casi todo el ttempo, principalmente cuando estoy comiendo o bebiendo o trato de tragar algo. No se preocupe, simplemente necesita algunos antibi6ticos. Que debo hacer? Aqui tiene una receta Vaya a la farmacia y compre esta medicina. Debe tomar estas tabletas tres veces al dia con las comidas. uso es cada ocho horas .Algo mas? Si, tome muchos Uquidos y no hable m voz alta. Cuide su garaganta. Gracias doctor Cuando debo regresar? Solo regrese if continua e.l dolor o temperatura Ok. Adios doctor Adios y cuidese. PRACTICE Make up a similar conversation between the doctor and the patient Cree una conversacion similar entre un doctor y un paciente ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 42 ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ GLOSSARY Backache Dolor de espalda Rush Sarpullido Bleed Sangrar Smoke Fumar Cough Toz/tocer Stressed out Estresado Flu Gripe Weigh Pesar Hurt Doler Weight Peso TIME EXPRESSIONS Expresiones de tiempo Anoche Anteayer Last night The day before yesterday Hace dos semanas Two weeks ago Hace un mes One month ago Ayer Yesterday La proxima semana Next week El mes pasado Last month La semana pasada Last Week 43 El proximo mes Next month Manana Tomorrow Esta noche Tonight Pasado manana The day after tomorrow Este momento This moment Pasando un dia Every other day Fin de semana Weekend Todos los dias Every- day UNIT FIVE THE HUMAN BODY El cuerpo humano Abdlomen Abdomen Dedos del pie Toes Antebrazo Forearm Deltoides Deltoid Anticuerpos Antibodies Diafragma Diaphragm Aparato Cirlulatorio Circulatory System Diente Tooth Arteria Artery Empeine Instep Arteria Carotida Carotid Areiy Esofago Esophagus Axila Annpit Espalda Back Baiba Beard Estenion Sternum Biceps Biceps Estomago Stomach Biceps Femoral Biceps Femoris Falanges Phalanges Bigote Mustache Femur Femur Boca Mouth Frente Forehead Brazo Arm Garganta Throat Cabeza Head Cadera Hip Cara Face Glandula Pituitaria Carpo Carpais Glandula Tiroides Glandula Paratiroidea Parathyroid Gland Glindula Gland Piptuhary Gland Thyroid Gland 44 Ceja Eyebrow Gluteo Gluteus Cerebro Brain Higado Liver Cervix Cervix Hombro Shoulder Cintura Waist Humero Humerus Clavicula Clavicle Intestino Grueso Large Intestine Codo Elbow Intestine Pequeno Small Intestate Corazon Heart Intestinos Instestines Cordon Umbilical Abdominal Stalk Iris Iris Costillas Ribs Craneo Skull Labio Lip Cuadriceps Quadriceps Lagrimas Tears Cubito Ulna Lengua Tongue Cuello Neck Linfocitos Lymphocytes Cuerpo Body Madibula Jaw Dedo Finger Mano Hand Dedo anuñar Ring Finger Medula Spinal Cord Dedo gordo del pie Big Toe Mejilla Cheek Dedo Indice Index Finger Menton Chin Dedo Medio Middle Finger Metacarpo Metacarpais Dedo Meñique little Finger Metatarso Metatarsals Muñeca Wrist Musculo Muscle Muslo Thigh Nalgas Buttocks Nariz Nose Nervios cervicales Cervical Nerves Nervios Craneales Cranial Nerves Nervios Lumbares Lumbar Nerves jugos Digestives Digestive Juices 45 Nervios Sacros Sacral Nerves Nudillo Knuckle Ojo Eye Omoplato Scapula Oreja Ear Organo Organ Ovario Ovary Ovarios Ovaries Palma Palm Pancreas Pancreas; Pantorrilla Calf Parpado Eyelid Patilla Sideburn Pecho Chest Pelo Hair Pelvis pekvis Talon heel Pene Penis Tarso tarsals Perone Fibula Tejido Tissue Pestañas Eyelashes Pezon Nipple Testiculos Testes Pie Foot Tibia Tibia Pierna Leg Tobillo Ankle Planta del Pie Sole Trapecio Trapezius Abdominal Brain Traquea Windpipe /Trachea Triceps Triceps Plexo Solar Tendon de Aquiles Achilles Tendon Prostata Prostate Pulgar Thumb Pulmon Long Una Fingernail Pupila Pupil Uña del Pie toenail Trompas de Falopio Fallopian Tube 46 Radio Radius Ureter Ureter Recto Rectum Uretra Urethra Riñon Kidney Utero Uterus Rodilla Knee Vagina Vagina Rotula Patella Vejiga Bladder Sacro Sacrum Vena Vein Seno Breast Vesta Yugular Jugular Vein Sistema Inmunologico Immune System Ventana De La Nariz Nostril Sistema Nervioso Nervous System Vesicula Biliar Gallbladder Adiccion Addiction Hemofilia Hemophilia Alergia Allergy Hepatitis Hepatitis Amigdalitis Tonsilitis indoloro Painless Anemia Anemia Infeccion Infection Anorexia Anorexia Lepra Leprosy Ardor De Ojos Sore Eyes Luxation Abarticulation Artritis Arthritis Magulladura Bruise Bronquitis Bronchitis Malaria Malaria Bulimia Bulimia Meningitis Meningitis Cancer Cancer Neumonia Pneumonia Colera Cholera Osteoporosis Osteoporosis Debilidad Weakness Paperas Mumps Desmayar Faint Parkinson Desnutricion Malnutrition Pildora Pill Diabetes Diabetes Plaga Plague ILLNESS Enfermedad Parkinson s Desease 47 Difteria Diphtheria Plaga Bubonica Bubonic Plague Distrofia Muscular Muscular Dystrophy Poliomielitis Poliomyelitis Dolor Adhe / Pain Rabia Rabies Dolor de Cabeza Headache Resfrio Cold Dolor de Espalda Backache Relardo Mental Dolor de Estomago Stomachache Rubeola Rubella Dolor de Garganta Sore Throat Sarampion Measles Dolor Muscular Sore Muscles sida AIDS Doloroso Painfull Sifilis syphilis Drogadiccion Drugaddiction sordera deafness Enfermedad Disease tetanos tetanus Esguinse Sprain tos cough Fiebre Fever toxoplasmosis toxoplasmosis Fiebre Amarilla Yellow Fever tuberculosis tuberculosis Fiebre Tifoidea Typhoid Fever varicela chicken pox Fractura De Hueso Broken Bone viruela smallpox Gonorrea Gonorrhea Gripe Flue Mental Retardation OTHERS RELATED TO MEDICINE Otros relacionados con medicina Abortar Abort Dar a luz give birth Abortivo Abortifacient dialysis dyalisys Aborto Abortion dieta diet Accidente Accident doler hurt Analg6sico Painkiller estornudar sneeze Anestesia Anesthesia examines de sangre blood etest genes genes Rolsa de Hieio Ice Pack 48 Capsula Capsule gotas drops Colirio Eye Drops insulina insulin Curita Band-Aid inyección injection Morir die/ pass away nacimiento born Patpgenos pathogens penicilina penicillin Pildora pill rayos X Xrays Recibir un parto deliver a baby tableta tablet Tipo de sangre blood type toser cough Ungüento ointment vacunar vaccinate Vacunas vaccines vendaje stretch bandage FOOD Alimentos Aderezo dressing chuleta chop Agua water ciruela pasa prune Aguacate avacado cocktail cocktail Albaricoque apricot comida a la parrila grilled food Albondigas meat balls coco coconut Almeja clam comida chatarra fast food Atun tuna comida frita fried food Azucar sugar comida horneada baked food Café coffee corvina White fish Calamar squid costillas ribs Camaron shrimp dátil date Cangrejo crab durazno peach Carne de Cerdo pork embutido sausage Came de Cordero lamb encurtido pickles 49 Came de Res beef ensalada de fruta salad fruit Came Molida ground meet ensalada salad Carne meat espagueti spaghetti Cereza chery estofado de carne beef stew Cerveza beer filete de pescado fish filet Frambuesa raspberry fresa strawberry Guayaba guava hamburguesa hamburger Helado ice cream higo fig Huevo egg jamon ham Kiwi kiwi langosta lobster Leche milk licor liquor Lima lime limon lemon Mandarina tangerine mango mango Mani peanut mantequilla butter Manzana Apple maracuyá passion fruit Mariscos sea food mayonesa mayo Mejillón mussel melón melón Mermelada jelly mora blackberry Mostaza mustard naranja oranje Ostra oyster pan bread Pancakes pancake papas fritas chifles chips Papas fritas french fries papaya papaya Pasa raisin pato duck Pavo turkey pedazo de carne steak Pera pear perro caliente hot dog Pez fish piña pineapple Platano banana pollo chicken Pulpo octopus pure de papas mashed potatoes 50 Queso cheese sal salt Salmon salmon salsa de tomate ketchup Sandia watermelon sanduche sandwich Te tea tocino bacon Toronja grapefruit tostada toast Trucha trout uvas grapes Vino wine yogurt yoghurt 51