Diapositiva 1

Transcripción

Diapositiva 1

“MAIN ANIMAL WELFARE PROBLEMS IN LIVESTOCK DURING
PRESLAUGHTER OPERATIONS: A LATIN AMERICAN VIEW”
Carmen Gallo S., MV, PhD
Animal Science Institute-Animal Welfare Programme
Faculty of Veterinary Science
Universidad Austral de Chile
OIE Collaborating Centre for AW
and Livestock Production Systems Chile-UruguayMéxico
September2014
Clermont Ferrand, FRANCE
OIE Collaborating Centre for AW and
livestock production systems
Main goal: to promote AW with particular emphasis in production
and working animals under american production systems.
Stella Maris Huertas Canén, DMTV, MSc.*
Universidad de la República O. Uruguay –
Facultad de Veterinaria
[email protected]
www.bienestaranimal.org.uy
Carmen B. Gallo Stegmaier, MV, PhD
Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias,
Universidad Austral de Chile
[email protected]
www.bienestaranimal.cl
Francisco Galindo-Maldonado, MV, PhD
Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
(UNAM)
[email protected]
Latin America
Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias Programa Bienestar Animal – Universidad Austral de Chile, 2014.
Ruminant production
systems
El TRANSPORTE ES UN
“PROCESO
Livestock market
Unloading
Preslaughter handling
Loading
Transport
Slaughterhouse
Stunning
Farm
Effects of preslaughter
handling on AW and meat
quality
12
10
 Mortality and lesions
 Live/carcass weight
losses
 Bruising
 Meat quality (pH ,
colour)
 Changes in
physiological
indicators
 Changes in behaviour
(animals/handlers)
8
Oto-Inv
Prim-Ver
6
4
2
0
3h
6h
12 h
24 h
Main areas: transport and slaughter
for consumption-meat quality,dairy
cattle welfare, behaviourtemperament-handling, training
and education in AW
México
Identification of
research groups
working in animal
welfare-2009
Venezuela
Colombia
Bolivia
Brasil
Santiago
Argentina
Species: cattle,
sheep, pigs,
poultry, horses,
camelids,
companion
PROBLEM: inadequate infrastructure
and handling
Animals and behaviour……
Infrastructure ………
People….
Not trained
PROBLEM: Negative Human - Animal
interactions in livestock
markets
• 40 workers in 3 markets,
• Hitting hard with driving aids
(DA): 67,5%
• Poking with sticks: 82,5%
• Twisting the tail: 2,5%
• Kicking: 0%
• Hitting or pulling from sensible
Parts of body: 90%
• Others (pushing, throwing water):
62,5%
(Maaike de Vries, 2010)
PROBLEM : bad AW, more bruises, more dark
cutting in cattle proceeding from markets
than directly from farms
(Sandoval, 2007; Strappini y col, 2009, Heim,
2010; Herrera y col 2012)
Percentage of carcasses with bruises
according to origin of cattle:market or farm
(Sandoval 2007)
TYPE OF
CATTLE
Steers
Heifers
Cows
MARKET
FARM
11,9
17,6
25,5
8,0
10,2
14,3
Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias Programa Bienestar Animal – Universidad Austral de Chile 2014.
Experimental evaluation of AW indicators
before and after training animal handlers in a
slaughterhouse
(Altamirano, Uribe, Gallo 2004)
•
GOAL
Before
After
25%
92,9%
57,6%
Animals slipping
3%
25,4%
6,37%
Animals that fell
1%
9%
2,97%
3%
40,1%
12,08%
Indicators
Application of electric goad
Animales que mugieron
ACTIONS TAKEN: Training of animal
handlers
PROBLEM: long distance/duration of transport in
cattle and sheep
Duration: up to 5 days, common 24-48 h
Should be more specialized
(Gallo 2008; Gallo and Tadich, 2008; )
PROBLEM: long distance
transportation of recently weaned
calves for fattening
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Losses per 200 kg calf (value= 300 euros):
Transport costs 0,2 euros/kg = 20
Mortality 1% (2kg x 2 euro/kg) = 4
Live weight loss 10-14%
=
30
Recuperation cost at destiny=
21
(30 d x 0,7 euro/d)
TOTAL (25%)
75
Not considered:
Mortality after transport (Pasteurella),
other veterinary costs
PROBLEM: high stocking densities
during transport of cattle
(Chile up to 500 kg/m2)
(Gallo, Warriss, Knowles , Negrón,
Valdés, Mencarini 2005)
50
50
40
40
30
30
X Región
20
20
10
10
0
0
100.0
R.Metropolitana
200.0
Frecuencia
300.0
400.0
500.0
600.0
700.0
100
200
Frecuencia
300
400
500
600
2
700
Densidad (kg/m )
Densidad (kg/m2)
g/m2)Bienestar Animal – Universidad Austral de Chile, 2013.
(kg/ms) Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias Programa
PROBLEMS during transport
of sheep
Additional stress: long walks from fields to
corrals (several kms) and weaning
immediately before loading
(Tadich et al, 2009)
Duration: regional transport usually between 1
and 10 h, extrarregional transport from
Aysén, 49 a 75 h (Mera, 2009)
Space availability:
0,14 – 0,24 m²/lamb (28 to 30kg)
(Strappini et al, 2006; Tarumán and Gallo, 2008,
Mera, 2009)
TRANSPORT OF SHEEP:
ACTIONS: video recording of behaviour and
relation with bruising
ACTIONS: behaviour through
video recording , meat quality
(Strappini y col 2012, 2013; Vargas y col 2012
When and where were the potentially
traumatic events caused…. (Strappini et
al, 2012, 2013)
Lairage
23.1%
>24 h
13.5%
Unloading
7.7%
0-1h
38.5%
Transport
9.6%
18-24 h
23.0%
A
2-16 h
25.0%
B
Stunning box
36.5%
Loading
23.1%
How were the events caused….
(Strappini et al, 2012, 2013)
PROBLEM: long lairage time, negative
effect on AW and meat quality,
(Tadich et al, 2000, 2002, Gallo, Lizondo, Knowles, 2003)
6.3
240
6.2
3 Hours
Carcass weight (kg)
238
16 Hours
6.1
236
6
234
5.9
pH
5.8
232
5.7
230
3 Hours
5.6
228
16 Hours
5.5
226
5.4
0
5
10
15
Lairage Time (hr)
20
25
0
5
10
15
20
25
Lairage Time (hr)
ACTIONS: video recording of behaviour
during lairage time
Resting and standing behaviour
during lairage
Steers with long (24 h, blue, TP) and short (4 h red,
TC) previous transport
(Estrada y col 2012)
Agonistic behaviours
during lairage
Steers with long (blue, TP) and short (red, TC)
previous transport
(Estrada y col 2012)
Hitting with horns
Mounting
It is necessary to have local
research…..
Camelids arriving at a
slaughterhouse…no ramp
Mamani and Gallo 2014
Cebu cattle arriving dead….
Long lairage times…..
Ramírez and Gallo 2012
SLAUGHTERHOUSES: there have
been improvements in structure
and training of personnell
PROBLEM: low efficacy of stunning
process in cattle
( Gallo, Teuber, Grandin,2003)
Nº
2000
shots
Diagn
required
to fall
1
2
3
4
>=5
n=335
72.8
18.5
3.3
3.3
2.1
2002
After
changes in
infrastr &
equipment
n=500
89.6
8.8
1.6
0
0
2002
After
changes
plus
training
of
handlers
n=500
97.8
2.0
0.2
0
0
GOAL
95.0 %
5.0 %
0%
0%
0%
RESULTS using Grandin’s
methodology
Percentage of cattle with presence of signs indicators of sensibility after
stunning in 6 slaughterplants (Chile) (Gallo et al 2010)
Percentage of animals with signs of
sensibility
2006
2010
Rythmic breathing
4,2%
0,50%
Eye movements
3,1%
0,50%
Corneal reflex
1,1%
0,33%
Righting reflex
22,7%
0%
Reincorporation
0,3%
0%
Vocalizaction
0,1%
0%
Máx acceptable
0,2%
(en
total)
PROBLEM: now stunning boxes have
devices for restriction of body
movements….
SUMMARY
Producers – Transporters – Markets
Slaughterhouse personel – Competent
Authority
• We have to train animal handlers and to change mentality :
animals are sentient beings and the way we treat them will
make a difference in AW and also in product quality
• When training people we have to show them results
(indicators) obtained under local conditions of each country
• We need more local research to support legislation
Thank you!

Diapositiva 1

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