Stefan Gsänger

Transcripción

Stefan Gsänger

The World Wind Energy Association
www.wwindea.org
Taller de Energías Renovables:
Situación Mundial y Usos Potenciales en el
País
Estado actual y perspectivas globales para
la utilización de la Energía Eólica
Concepción, 12-14 Enero 2005
Stefan Gsänger
Estado actual y perspectivas globales
Concepción, 12 de Enero 2005
www.wwindea.org
World Wind Energy Association
The Members:
National associations, scientific institutes, companies, public bodies and
individuals from currently 70 countries
The Aims:
Promoting the worldwide utilisation of wind energy by
being a communication platform for all wind energy actors world-wide
influencing national and international policies in favour of wind energy
providing international technology transfer
Stefan Gsänger
www.wwindea.org
World Wind Energy Association
Cooperation with international organisations:
WWEA is accredited at the UNFCCC
WWEA cooperates with further UN organisations like UNEP and UNESCO
WWEA was member of Renewables 2004 International Steering Committee
and has been involved in the Interim Steering Committee of Renewable Energy
Global Policy Network
Cooperation with non-governmental RE associations:
WWEA is member of the World Council for Renewable Energies
WWEA has formed an international renewable energy alliance with the
International Solar Energy Society and the International Hydropower
Association
Stefan Gsänger
www.wwindea.org
WWEA‘s activities
WWEA cooperates with magazine New Energy on disseminating information.
World Wind Energy Institute will be launched for capacity building as a network
of existing wind energy centers around the world.
WWEA has formed a Repowering Working Group.
WWEA is preparing a Hybrid System Working Group.
WWEA has worked out Sustainability and Due Diligence Guidelines to be
published in early 2005.
Stefan Gsänger
www.wwindea.org
WWEA events
•
EXPO World Conference „Integrating Renewable Energies for the Future“,
Japan,7-10 June 2005
www.expo-wcwrf.com
Zur Anzeige wird der QuickTime™
Dekompressor „TIFF (Unkomprimiert)“
benötigt.
•
ISES Solar World Congress2005, Orlando, USA, August 2005
www.ises.org
•
4th World Wind Energy Conference & Exhibition 2005,
2-5 November 2005, Melbourne, Australia
www.wwec2005.com
•
IHA Conference on Sustainable Hydropower, Cape Town, South Africa
November/December 2005
www.hydropower.org
Stefan Gsänger
www.wwindea.org
Estado Internacional de la Utilización de Energía Eólica
Stefan Gsänger
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Industria Eólica Global: Key Figures
Stefan Gsänger
Total Capacity installed end of 2002:
31.170 MW
New Capacity in 2002:
6.900 MW
Rate of Growth in 2002:
28 %
Total Capacity installed end of 2003:
39.151 MW
New Capacity in 2003:
7.981 MW
Rate of Growth in 2003:
26 %
Turnover in 2002/2003:
7/8 billion €
Expected installations in 2008:
100.000 MW
www.wwindea.org
Mercados Líderes 2003
Instalaciones
nuevas 2003 (MW)
Tasa de crecimiento
(%)
Instalacion total
2003 (MW)
Alemania
2.645
21,7
14.609
EE UU
1.687
36,0
6.370
España
1.377
28,4
6.202
Dinamarca
243
8,0
3.110
India
408
24,0
2.110
Italia
119
15,2
904
Países Bajos
196
27,3
873
Reino Unido
97
17,6
649
China
99
21,2
567
Japón
172
51,5
506
Austria
276
197,9
415
Stefan Gsänger
www.wwindea.org
Manufacturers: World Market Shares in 2002
Suzlon (IND)
0,8%
Fuhrländer
0,6%
DeWind (D)
Repower (D)
3,0%
1,2%
Lagerwey
1,5%
Ecotecnia (E)
1,6%
Others
0,4%
Mitsubishi (JP)
0,4%
Desarollos (E)
0,0%
Vestas (DK)
21,6%
Made (E)
3,3%
Nordex (D)
6,8%
Bonus (DK)
6,8%
Enercon (D)
17,9%
Enron/GE (USA/D)
8,6%
Gamesa (E)
11,5%
NEG Micon (DK)
13,9%
Stefan Gsänger
www.wwindea.org
Producción de una turbina media
1000 Familias
o
Al
Al año
año
4000 Personas
Stefan Gsänger
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Crecimiento de Turbinas Eólicas
Stefan Gsänger
www.wwindea.org
Las turbinas más grandes
Enercon E-112
Prototipo: 2002
4,5 MW, 114 m diámetro
benötigt.
benötigt.
Stefan Gsänger
www.wwindea.org
REpower M5
Prototipo: Noviembre 2004
5 MW, 126 m diámetro
Stefan Gsänger
www.wwindea.org
Multibrid M5000
Prototype: Diciembre 2004
5 MW, 116 m diámetro
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Estado de la utilización de energía eólica
offshore
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www.wwindea.org
Proyectos offshore en Europa
Realizado
Proyectado
Total
Alemania
5
70677
70682
Belgica
0
600
600
409
400
809
España
0
2563
2563
Francia
0
60
60
Irlanda
25
1255
1280
Países Bajos
19
220
239
Reino Unido
214
8699
8913
23
2498
2522
695
86973
87668
Dinamarca
Suecia
Total
[MW]
Stefan Gsänger
www.wwindea.org
Factores de éxito
Stefan Gsänger
www.wwindea.org
General Characteristics of Wind Energy Investments
1. Playing field to be levelled – removing externalities and subsidies
favouring fossil and nuclear
2. De-central energy supply
3. Different local resources
4. Specific investment structure – high share of fixed costs
5. Specific barriers as newcomer technology – new capacities to be
created
Stefan Gsänger
www.wwindea.org
Externalities of conventional energy sources
Climate/weather caused damages in 2003: 65 billion €
Stefan Gsänger
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Externalities of conventional energy sources
Projected Import Dependance on Raw
Materials for Energy Production in the
European Union
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Cost Iceberg de energías convencionales
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Cost Iceberg de energías renovables
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Decentralidad de energía eólica
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Decentralidad de energía eólica
Stefan Gsänger
www.wwindea.org
Importance of Capital Costs
Specific investment structure:
high share of initially fixed costs (~80 %),
low share of operating costs
==> Capital costs
(interest rates, risks to be covered)
are often decisive for BANKABILITY
Stefan Gsänger
www.wwindea.org
Different Local Resources requiring Site Efficiency
Win d po wer c osts pr. kW h with eq ual
technolo gical resource eff ici ency in three coun tries
Count ry 1
Countr y 2
Count ry 3
8,00
7,00
6,00
5,00
EU
R/C 4,00
3,00
2,00
1,00
0,00
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Un it:10 TWh elec trici ty prod uction
KWh p rodu ction costs
Stefan Gsänger
www.wwindea.org
Building capacities
Improved international cooperation is necessary
•
To transfer all aspects of know-how: policy, economics, technology,
sustainability, etc.
•
To form strong advocacy groups for renewable energy assembling a broad
range of expertise
•
To raise awareness for renewable energy amongst decision-makers and
the general public
Stefan Gsänger
www.wwindea.org
Promotion Schemes
Which types of promotion schemes?
1. Quota systems:
Political amount regulation
Market driven prices (focus on electricity market)
Tradable RE Certificates / Tender systems
2. Fixed (minimum) price systems
Political price regulation
Market driven amount (focus on equipment market)
Feed-in Tariff / Premium over market price
Stefan Gsänger
www.wwindea.org
Quota systems
Quota/certificate schemes
United Kingdom:
Overall remuneration
New installations in 2003
Italy:
Overall remuneration
Stefan Gsänger
Renewable Obligation Certificates ROCs
(replaced NFFO in 2002)
RE quota increase: 3 % - 10,4 % (in 2010)
11-12 cent/kWh (offshore: 13 cent/kWh)
97 MW (17,6 % increase)
Certificati Verdi (Green Certificates)
(replaced feed-in tariff in 2002)
RE quota: 2 % in 2003
11-13 cent/kWh
119 MW
www.wwindea.org
Guaranteed Minimum Price Systems
Germany:
Remuneration
Erneuerbare Energien Gesetz EEG
20 years feed-in tariff, paid by consumers
7-8,8 cent/kWh (offshore: 9 cent/kWh)
2645 MW
Austria:
Remuneration
13 years feed-in tariff
7,8 cent/kWh
276 MW (198 % increase)
France:
15 (+15) years feed-in tariff
replaced EOLE 2005 tender system in 2001
5,4-8,4 cent/kWh (up to 12 MW)
91 MW (61,5 % increase)
Remuneration
USA
Remuneration
Production tax credit
10 years tax reduction
1,8 cent/kWh (PTC premium)
1687 MW
Spain:
Remuneration
Royal Decree
2,7 ct premium over market price or 6,2 cent/kWh
1377 MW
Stefan Gsänger
www.wwindea.org
Decisiones políticas y crecimiento del mercado alemán
Stefan Gsänger
www.wwindea.org
Reducción de costos
Stefan Gsänger
www.wwindea.org
How do the leading markets succeed
•
Key instrument: Levelled playing-field – cost gap is closed:
Acknowledge additional benefits of wind energy
Increased prices of conventional sources by levies or taxes
Premium: sufficient remuneration for RE
•
Sufficient investment security is provided:
Long-term power purchase commitments, guaranteed by public institution
•
Local acceptance:
Financing schemes foster local involvement and domestic industries
Instead of NIMBY (Not In My Backyard): POOL (Please On Our Land)
•
Access to grid:
Guaranteed by law
In the future, new INTEGRATED regulatory and technological approaches
will have to be developed for a 100 % renewable energy supply.
Stefan Gsänger
www.wwindea.org
Nuestra Energía en el Futuro
Stefan Gsänger
www.wwindea.org
Muchas gracias!
Stefan Gsänger

Stefan Gsänger

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