NASA - NSSDC - Master Catalog
Transcripción
NASA - NSSDC - Master Catalog
Cronología de Lanzamientos Espaciales Año 2003 Recopilación de datos Ing. Eladio Miranda Batlle. Los textos, imágenes y tablas fueron obtenidos de la National Space Science. Data Center. NASA NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Query Results Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel Spacecraft Query Results Publications There were 89 spacecraft returned. Maps Spacecraft Name NSSDC ID Launch Date New/Updated Data AAU Cubesat 2003-031G 2003-06-30 Lunar/Planetary Events AMC 9 2003-024A 2003-06-06 Amos 2 2003-059A 2003-12-27 Asiasat 4 2003-014A 2003-04-12 B-Sat 2C 2003-028A 2003-06-11 Beagle 2 2003-022C 2003-06-02 Beidou 1C 2003-021A 2003-05-24 Bilsat 1 2003-042E 2003-09-27 BNSCSAT 2003-042D 2003-09-27 CANX 1 2003-031H 2003-06-30 CBERS 2003-049A 2003-10-21 CHIPS 2003-002B 2003-01-13 Columbus Orbital Facility COLMBUS 2003-01-01 Coriolis 2003-001A 2003-01-06 Cosmos 2397 2003-015A 2003-04-24 Cosmos 2398 2003-023A 2003-06-04 Cosmos 2399 2003-035A 2003-08-12 Cosmos 2400 2003-037A 2003-08-19 Cosmos 2401 2003-037B 2003-08-19 Cosmos 2402 2003-056B 2003-12-10 Cosmos 2403 2003-056C 2003-12-10 Cosmos 2404 2003-056A 2003-12-10 Cubesat XI-IV 2003-031J 2003-06-30 Cute 1 2003-031E 2003-06-30 DMSP 5D-3/F16 2003-048A 2003-10-18 Double Star 1 2003-061A 2003-12-29 Dtusat 2003-031C 2003-06-30 Echostar 9 2003-034A 2003-08-08 Eurobird 3 2003-043A 2003-09-27 Express AM22 2003-060A 2003-12-28 FSW-3 1 2003-051C 2003-11-03 Galaxy 12 2003-013B 2003-04-09 GALEX 2003-017A 2003-04-28 Gruzomaket 2003-055A 2003-12-05 GSAT 2 2003-018A 2003-05-08 Hayabusa 2003-019A 2003-05-09 http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftSearch.do;jsessionid=CE57B9F8DD447EAF72A7654CDF24F167[13/10/2010 23:08:43] NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Query Results Hellas-Sat 2003-020A 2003-05-13 Horizons 1 2003-044A 2003-10-01 ICESat 2003-002A 2003-01-13 IGS 1A 2003-009A 2003-03-28 IGS 1B 2003-009B 2003-03-28 Innovation 1 2003-049B 2003-10-21 Insat 3A 2003-013A 2003-04-09 INSAT 3E 2003-043E 2003-09-27 Intelsat 907 2003-007A 2003-02-15 IRS P6 2003-046A 2003-10-17 Kaistsat 4 2003-042G 2003-09-27 Larets 2003-042F 2003-09-27 Mars Express 2003-022A 2003-06-02 MILSTAR 6 2003-012A 2003-04-08 Mimosa 2003-031B 2003-06-30 Molniya 1-92 2003-011A 2003-04-02 Molniya 3-53 2003-029A 2003-06-19 Monitor-E/Breeze 2003-031A 2003-06-30 Most 2003-031D 2003-06-30 Mozhayets 4 2003-042A 2003-09-27 Navstar 51 2003-005A 2003-01-29 Navstar 52 2003-010A 2003-03-31 Navstar 53 2003-058A 2003-12-21 Nigeriasat 1 2003-042C 2003-09-27 Opportunity 2003-032A 2003-07-08 Optus 1C 2003-028B 2003-06-11 Orbview 3 2003-030A 2003-06-26 Progress M-47 2003-006A 2003-02-02 Progress M-48 2003-039A 2003-08-29 Progress M1-10 2003-025A 2003-06-08 Quakesat 2003-031F 2003-06-30 Rainbow 1 2003-033A 2003-07-17 Rubin 4 2003-042B 2003-09-27 Scisat 1 2003-036A 2003-08-13 SERVIS 1 2003-050A 2003-10-30 Shenzhou 5 2003-045A 2003-10-15 SMART 1 2003-043C 2003-09-27 SORCE 2003-004A 2003-01-25 SOYUZ TMA 3 2003-047A 2003-10-18 Soyuz TMA-2 2003-016A 2003-04-26 Spirit 2003-027A 2003-06-10 Spitzer Space Telescope 2003-038A 2003-08-25 STS 107 2003-003A 2003-01-16 Thuraya 2 2003-026A 2003-06-10 UFO 11 2003-057A 2003-12-18 USA 167 2003-008A 2003-03-11 USA 170 2003-040A 2003-08-29 USA 171 2003-041A 2003-09-09 USA 173 2003-054A 2003-12-02 http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftSearch.do;jsessionid=CE57B9F8DD447EAF72A7654CDF24F167[13/10/2010 23:08:43] NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Query Results XSS 10 2003-005B 2003-01-29 Yamal 201 2003-053B 2003-11-24 Yamal 202 2003-053A 2003-11-24 Zhongxing 20 2003-052A 2003-11-14 + Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftSearch.do;jsessionid=CE57B9F8DD447EAF72A7654CDF24F167[13/10/2010 23:08:43] NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel AAU Cubesat Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-031G Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description AAU CUBESAT is a Danish (Aalborg University) students-built photo -imaging nanosatellite that was launched by a Rokot rocket from Plesetsk at 14:15 UT on 30 June 2003. 27846 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-0630 Launch Vehicle: Rokot Launch Site: Plesetsk, Russia Funding Agency Unknown (Denmark) Discipline Surveillance and Other Military Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for AAU Cubesat Experiments on AAU Cubesat Data collections from AAU Cubesat Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-031G[13/10/2010 23:25:00] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 Cronología de Lanzamientos Espaciales Año 2003 Recopilación de datos Ing. Eladio Miranda Batlle. Los textos, imágenes y tablas fueron obtenidos de la National Space Science. Data Center. NASA NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel AMC 9 Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-024A Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description AMC 9 is an American geostationary communications spacecraft that was launched by a Proton-K rocket from Baikonur at 22:15 UT on 6 June 2003. the 4.1 tonne satellite will provide direct-to-home digital TV, and data transfer in USA and Canada, through its 24 C-, and 24 Ku-band transponders after parking at 85 deg-W longitude. 27820 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-0606 Launch Vehicle: Proton-K Launch Site: Tyuratam (Baikonur Cosmodrome), Kazakhstan Funding Agency Unknown (United States) Discipline Communications Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for AMC 9 Experiments on AMC 9 Data collections from AMC 9 Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-024A[13/10/2010 23:25:53] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel Amos 2 Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-059A Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description Amos 2 is an Israeli geostationary communcations satellite that was launched by a Soyuz-Fregat rocket from Baikonur at 21:30 UT on 27 December 2003. The 1.4 tonne satellite carries 11 Ku-band transponders to provide direct-to-home television, internet and data transmissions to the West Asia, Europe and eastern United States after parking over 4.0 deg-W longitude. 28132 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-1227 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz-Fregat Launch Site: Tyuratam (Baikonur Cosmodrome), Kazakhstan Funding Agency Unknown (Israel) Discipline Communications Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for Amos 2 Experiments on Amos 2 Data collections from Amos 2 Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-059A[13/10/2010 23:26:28] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel Asiasat 4 Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-014A Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description Asiasat 4 is an American geostationary communications spacecraft that was launched by an Atlas 3B rocket from Cape Canaveral at 01:47 UT on 12 April 2003. The 9.5 kW satellite will provide direct-to-home voice and video and video broadcast to about 40 countries from Middle East to New Zealand through its 28 C-band, and 20 ku-band transponders after parking over 122 deg-E longitude. 27718 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-0412 Launch Vehicle: Atlas 3B Launch Site: Cape Canaveral, United States Funding Agency Unknown (United States) Discipline Communications Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for Asiasat 4 Experiments on Asiasat 4 Data collections from Asiasat 4 Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-014A[13/10/2010 23:27:03] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel B-Sat 2C Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-028A Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description B-Sat 2C is a Japanese geostationary communications spacecraft that was launched by an Ariane 5 rocket from Kourou at 22:38 UT on 11 June 2003. It will provide direct digital broadcasts to homes in Japan and neighboring countries through its Ku-band transponders. 27830 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-0611 Launch Vehicle: Ariane 5 Launch Site: Kourou, French Guiana Funding Agency Unknown (Japan) Discipline Communications Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for B-Sat 2C Experiments on B-Sat 2C Data collections from BSat 2C Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-028A[13/10/2010 23:27:45] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel Beagle 2 Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-022C Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Beagle 2 Description Facts in Brief Beagle 2 was declared lost after no communications were received following the scheduled landing on Mars. Attempts at contact were made for over a month after the expected landing at 2:54 UT December 25. A board of inquiry was appointed to look into the reason for the failure and released its report on 24 August 2004. No concrete reason for the probe's failure was determined. Factors that were considered as plausible causes of the failure were unusually thin atmosphere over the landing site, electronic glitches, a gas bag puncture, damage to a heat shield, a broken communications antenna, and collision with an unforeseen object. Launch Date: 2003-0602 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz Launch Site: Tyuratam (Baikonur Cosmodrome), Kazakhstan Mass: 33.2 kg The Beagle 2 is a Mars lander initially mounted on the top deck of the Mars Express Orbiter. It was released from the Orbiter on 19 December 2003 on a course to land on Mars at 2:54 UT on 25 December. A point at 10.6 N, 270 W in Isidis Planitia, a large flat region that overlies the boundary between the ancient highlands and the northern plains of Mars, was chosen as the landing site. No signals were received following the scheduled landing and after over a month of attempts at contact the mission was declared lost. A board of inquiry has been appointed to look into the reason for the failure. The lander was expected to operate for about 180 days and an extended mission of up to one martian year (687 Earth days) was considered possible. The Beagle 2 lander objectives were to characterize the landing site geology, mineralogy, geochemistry and oxidation state, the physical properties of the atmosphere and surface layers, collect data on martian meteorology and climatology, and search for signatures of life. Spacecraft and Subsystems Beagle 2 is equipped with a robot sampling arm and a small "mole" (Planetary Undersurface Tool, or PLUTO) which can be deployed by the arm and is capable of moving across the surface at a rate of about 1 cm every 5 seconds using a compressed spring mechanism. This mechanism can also allow the mole to burrow into the ground and collect a subsurface sample in a cavity in its tip. The mole is attached to the lander by a power cable which can be used as a winch to bring the sample back to the lander. The lander will be equipped with instruments for gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy (the Gas Analysis Package, or GAP), a microscope, panoramic and wide-angle cameras, Mossbauer and X-ray flourescence spectrometers and environmental sensors. The robot arm is equipped with a grinder and corer, a device to collect a core sample from inside any rocks within reach of the robot arm. The Mossbauer and X-ray spectrometers and the http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-022C[13/10/2010 23:29:02] Funding Agency Unknown (United Kingdom) Discipline Planetary Science Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for Beagle 2 PDMP information for Beagle 2 Experiments on Beagle 2 Data collections from Beagle 2 Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Dr. David R. Williams. NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details microscope are also held in a package on the end of the arm called the position adjustable workbench, or PAW. The stereo camera system is also mounted on the arm. The lander has the shape of a shallow bowl with a diameter of 0.65 m and a depth of 0.25 m. The cover of the lander is hinged and folds open to reveal the interior of the craft which holds a UHF antenna, the 0.75 m long robot arm, and the scientific equipment. The main body also contains the battery, telecommunications, electronics, and central processor, and the heaters. The lid itself further unfolds to expose four diskshaped solar arrays. The lander package has a mass of 69 kg at launch but the actual lander is only 33.2 kg at touchdown. Mission Profile Beagle 2 was launched with the Mars Express orbiter and was released on a ballistic trajectory towards Mars on 19 December 2003 at 8:31 UT. Beagle 2 coasted for five days after release and entered the martian atmosphere at over 20,000 km/hr on the morning of 25 December. As no signals were received after separation from Mars Express it is not known what happened during the landing sequence After initial deceleration in the martian atmosphere from simple friction, parachutes were to be deployed and about 1 km above the surface large gas bags would have inflated around the lander to protect it when it hit the surface. Landing was expected to occur at about 02:54 UT on 25 December (9:54 p.m. EST 24 December). After landing the bags would deflate and the top of the lander would open. The top would unfold to expose the four solar array disks. Within the body of the lander a UHF antenna would have been deployed. A panoramic image of the landing area would be taken using the stereo camera and a pop-up mirror. A signal was scheduled to be sent after landing (and possibly an image) to Mars Odyssey at about 5:30 UT and another the next (local) morning to confirm that Beagle 2 survived the landing and the first night on Mars. No signal was received at this time nor at any of the subsequent opportunities. Nothing further is known about the lander. If the landing had been successful instructions would be sent to Beagle 2. The lander arm would be released and be used to maneuver the scientific package located on the end of the arm and to dig up samples to be deposited in the Gas Analysis Package for study. The "mole" would be deployed by the arm, crawling across the surface to a distance of about three meters from the lander and capable of burrowing under rocks to collect soil samples for analysis. The Beagle 2 is a British-led effort as part of the European Space Agency's Mars Express mission. It is named after the HMS Beagle, the ship which carried Charles Darwin on the voyage which led to his discovery of natural selection and evolution. The exact cost of Beagle 2 is not known, but most estimates give a range 40 to 50 million British pounds (roughly $65 million to $80 million U.S.) Personnel Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail Dr. Colin T. Pillinger Mission Scientist Open University [email protected] Selected References Wright, I. P., et al., Scientific objectives of the Beagle 2 lander, Acta Astronaut., 52, No. 2-6, 219-225, 2003. Sims, M. R., et al., Beagle 2: A proposed exobiology lander for ESA's 2003 Mars Express mission, Adv. Space Res., 23, No. 11, 1925-1928, 1999. http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-022C[13/10/2010 23:29:02] NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Beagle 2 after separating from Mars Express All images courtesy Beagle 2 and ESA, all rights reserved. Mars Express Beagle 2 Declared Lost - ESA Press Release (11 February 2004) Mars Express Releases Beagle 2 - ESA Press Release (19 December 2003) Beagle 2 Set For Christmas Day Landing - ESA Press Release (23 December 2003) Mars Home Page Chronology of Mars Exploration Beagle 2 Home Page - The Open University Mars Express Home Page - ESA + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-022C[13/10/2010 23:29:02] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel Beidou 1C Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-021A Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description Beidou 1C was a Chinese (PRC) geostationary navigational satellite that was launched by a Long March 3A rocket from Xichang launching center in Sichuan province at 16:34 UT on 24 May 2003. It joined two others, Beidou 1A and Beidou 1B, that were launched in 2000 and enabled a viable global positioning constellation. Besides enabling positioning, it was to be used in weather monitoring and telecommunications. Beidou 3 27813 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-0524 Launch Vehicle: Long March 3A Launch Site: Xichang, Peoples Republic of China Funding Agency Unknown (Peoples Republic of China) Discipline Navigation & Global Positioning Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for Beidou 1C Experiments on Beidou 1C Data collections from Beidou 1C Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-021A[13/10/2010 23:29:57] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel Bilsat 1 Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-042E Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description Bilsat 1 is a Turkish DMC (multinational Diaster Monitoring Constellation) satellite that was launched by a Kosmos 3M rocket at 06:12 UT on 27 September 2003 from Plesetsk Cosmodrome. The 130 kg satellite carries five imaging cameras to monitor natural disasters at a resolution of 26 m in color by four cameras (operating in red, green, blue, and infrared colors) and another at 4-m resolution in black-andwhite. The DMC is run by an organization of seven countries (UK, Algeria, China, Nigeria, Thailand, Turkey, and Vietnam) with the satelllites built at Surrey, UK. BILSAT 1 will also help in agriculture and urban planing. 27943 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-0927 Launch Vehicle: Kosmos-3M Launch Site: Plesetsk, Russia Funding Agency Unknown (Turkey) Discipline Other Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for Bilsat 1 Experiments on Bilsat 1 Data collections from Bilsat 1 Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-042E[13/10/2010 23:30:38] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel BNSCSAT Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-042D Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description BNSCSAT (British National Science Center SATellite, also known as UK-DMC) is a British DMC (multinational Disaster Monitoring Constellation) satellite that was launched by a Kosmos 3M rocket from Plesetsk at 06:12 UT on 27 September 2003. Besides disaster monitoring, it will help in urban planning and agriculture surveys. British National Science Center Satellite UK-DMC 27942 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-0927 Launch Vehicle: Kosmos-3M Launch Site: Plesetsk, Russia Funding Agency Unknown (Brazil) Discipline Other Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for BNSCSAT Experiments on BNSCSAT Data collections from BNSCSAT Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-042D[13/10/2010 23:30:59] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel CANX 1 Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-031H Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description CANX 1 is a Canadian (University of Toronto) students-built, photo-imaging nanosatellite that was launched by a Rokot rocket from Plesetsk at 14:15 UT on 30 June 2003. 27847 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-0630 Launch Vehicle: Rokot Launch Site: Plesetsk, Russia Funding Agency Canadian Space Agency (Canada) Discipline Surveillance and Other Military Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for CANX 1 Experiments on CANX 1 Data collections from CANX 1 Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-031H[13/10/2010 23:31:36] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel CBERS Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-049A Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description CBERS (China Brazil Earth Resources Satellite) is a SinoBrazilian remote sensing satellite that was launched by a Long March 4B rocket from Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center is Shanxi province on 21 October 2003. The 1.6 tonne satellite will collect data relevant to environment, agriculture, urban planning and water pollution, under Chinese control for 18 months, and later under Brazilian control during the remaining lifetime (of six or more months). China Brazil Earth Resources Satellite 28057 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-1021 Launch Vehicle: Long March 4B Launch Site: Taiyuan, Peoples Republic of China Funding Agency Unknown (Brazil) Discipline Earth Science Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for CBERS Experiments on CBERS Data collections from CBERS Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-049A[13/10/2010 23:32:03] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel CHIPS Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-002B Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Description CHIPS (Cosmic Hot Interstellar Plasma Spectrometer) is an American (NASA) astrophysics spacecraft that was launched by a Delta 2 rocket from Vandenberg AFB at 00:45 UT on 13 January 2003. The 60 kg, triaxially-stabilized spacecraft has a spectrograph covering the 9-26 nm wavelength band at a resolution of 0.1 nm, scanning the entire sky in chunks of 5 degree x 27 degree segments during each orbit. The targets are the hot and diffuse nebulae at about a million degrees temperature. The band covers several strong emission lines. Alternate Names UNEX/CHIPS Explorer 82 Cosmic Hot Interstellar Plasma Spectrometer 27643 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-0113 Launch Vehicle: Delta II Launch Site: Vandenberg AFB, United States Mass: 60.0 kg Funding Agency National Aeronautics and Space Administration (United States) Discipline Astronomy Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for CHIPS Experiments on CHIPS Data collections from CHIPS Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-002B[13/10/2010 23:32:54] NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Other Sources of CHIPS Information/Data CHIPS Project (U. California, Berkeley) + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-002B[13/10/2010 23:32:54] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel Columbus Orbital Facility Publications NSSDC ID: COLMBUS Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Description The ESA laboratory module known as the Columbus Orbital Facility (COF) will be launched and attached to Node 2 of the orbiting International Space Station sometime after the year 2002. The Columbus Polar Platform, Columbus Attached Lab, and Columbus Free-Flying Platform were early proposed ESA spacecraft to be coordinated with the proposed U.S. Space Station. Just as the early U.S. Space Station plans went through a series of re-scoping, downsizing, and internationalizing steps before eventually receiving budget approval as the U.S.-led International Space Station (ISS), these proposed Columbus plans similarly evolved into the current COF module. The COF is a pressurized, habitable module whose structure is derived from the Italian Mini-Pressurized Logistics Module (MPLM). It is designed as a general purpose laboratory that can support any foreseen user discipline, including materials and fluid sciences, life sciences and technology development. For more information, see the following ESA and NASA WWW pages: http://www.estec.esa.int/spaceflight/index.htm Alternate Names ISS COF Space Station MKS International Space Station Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-0101 Launch Vehicle: Shuttle Launch Site: Cape Canaveral, United States Funding Agency European Space Agency (International) (ISS) http://www.estec.esa.int/spaceflight/zarya.htm (Columbus) http://www.estec.esa.nl/spaceflight/cof.htm Disciplines Earth Science http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/ (ISS) http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/station/ (An ISS search page) http://station.nasa.gov/station/assembly/index.html (Zarya) http://station.nasa.gov/station/assembly/elements/fgb/ Human Crew Life Science Microgravity Additional Information (Unity) http://station.nasa.gov/station/assembly/elements/node1/ Launch/Orbital information for Columbus Orbital Facility PDMP information for Columbus Orbital Facility Telecommunications information for Columbus Orbital Facility Experiments on Columbus Orbital Facility Data collections from http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=COLMBUS[13/10/2010 23:33:37] NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Columbus Orbital Facility Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=COLMBUS[13/10/2010 23:33:37] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel Coriolis Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-001A Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Description Coriolis is an American (DOD) spacecraft that was launched by a Titan 2 rocket from Vandenberg AFB at 14:19 UT on January 2003. The 395 kg, 1,174 W, 3.0 m diameter, 6.9 m high, triaxially-stabilized spacecraft carried 82 kg of fuel and 340 kg of instruments. The two instruments are WindSat to monitor ocean surface winds, and SMEI to image Solar Mass Ejections (SME). Data will be stored onboard and downlinked to dedicated ground stations in x-band. Alternate Names 27640 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-0106 Launch Vehicle: Titan II Launch Site: Vandenberg AFB, United States Nominal Power: 1174.0 W Funding Agency Department of Defense (United States) Disciplines Earth Science Solar Physics Space Physics Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for Coriolis Experiments on Coriolis Data collections from Coriolis Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. Personnel http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-001A[13/10/2010 23:34:44] NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Name Role Ms. Janet Johnson Program Manager + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-001A[13/10/2010 23:34:44] Original Affiliation E-mail NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel Cosmos 2397 Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-015A Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description Cosmos 2397 is a Russian geostationary military satellite that was launched by a Proton-K rocket from Baikonur at 04:23 UT on 24 April 2003. It was inserted into geostationary orbit at 11:00 UT on the same day. The Moscow Kommersat uses the name US-KMO for the series of four such spacecraft in geostationary orbit, and US-KS for the older eight in highly elliptical orbit, all of which are for early warning of missile launches. It also reports that Cosmos 2397 will ensure total global coverage of missile launches, filling out a gap over the Pacific region. 27775 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-0424 Launch Vehicle: Proton-K Launch Site: Tyuratam (Baikonur Cosmodrome), Kazakhstan Funding Agency Unknown (Russia) Discipline Surveillance and Other Military Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for Cosmos 2397 Experiments on Cosmos 2397 Data collections from Cosmos 2397 Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-015A[13/10/2010 23:37:38] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel Cosmos 2398 Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-023A Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description Cosmos 2398 is a Russian military satellite that was launched by a Cosmos-3M rocket from Plesetsk at 19:23 UT on 4 June 2003. 27818 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-0604 Launch Vehicle: Cosmos Launch Site: Plesetsk, Russia Funding Agency Unknown (Russia) Discipline Surveillance and Other Military Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for Cosmos 2398 Experiments on Cosmos 2398 Data collections from Cosmos 2398 Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-023A[13/10/2010 23:39:44] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel Cosmos 2399 Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-035A Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description Cosmos 2399, also named NEMAN, is a Russian military photo- reconnaissance satellite that was launched by a SoyuzU rocket from Baikonur at 14:20 UT on 12 August 2003. Neman 27856 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-0812 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz-U Launch Site: Tyuratam (Baikonur Cosmodrome), Kazakhstan Discipline Surveillance and Other Military Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for Cosmos 2399 Experiments on Cosmos 2399 Data collections from Cosmos 2399 Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-035A[13/10/2010 23:41:07] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel Cosmos 2400 Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-037A Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description Cosmos 2400 is a Russian military communications satellite that was launched by a Cosmos 3M rocket from Plesetsk at 10:50 UT on 19 August 2003. 27868 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-0819 Launch Vehicle: Cosmos Launch Site: Plesetsk, Russia Funding Agency Unknown (Russia) Disciplines Communications Surveillance and Other Military Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for Cosmos 2400 Experiments on Cosmos 2400 Data collections from Cosmos 2400 Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-037A[13/10/2010 23:42:36] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel Cosmos 2401 Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-037B Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description Cosmos 2401is a Russian military communications satellite that was launched by a Cosmos 3M rocket from Plesetsk at 10:50 UT on 19 August 2003. 27869 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-0819 Launch Vehicle: Cosmos Launch Site: Plesetsk, Russia Funding Agency Unknown (Russia) Disciplines Communications Surveillance and Other Military Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for Cosmos 2401 Experiments on Cosmos 2401 Data collections from Cosmos 2401 Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-037B[13/10/2010 23:43:37] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel Cosmos 2402 Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-056B Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description Cosmos 2403 is one of the latest additions to the Russian fleet of Glonass navigational satellites. One of the good websites for the Glonass fleet is http://gge.unb.ca/Resources/GLONASSConstellationStatus.txt Glonass 794 28113 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-1210 Launch Vehicle: null Launch Site: null Funding Agency Unknown (Russia) Discipline Navigation & Global Positioning Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for Cosmos 2402 Experiments on Cosmos 2402 Data collections from Cosmos 2402 Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-056B[13/10/2010 23:44:00] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel Cosmos 2403 Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-056C Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description Cosmos 2404 is one of the latest additions to the Russian fleet of Glonass navigational satellites. One of the good websites for the Glonass fleet is http://gge.unb.ca/Resources/GLONASSConstellationStatus.txt Glonass 795 28114 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-1210 Launch Vehicle: null Launch Site: null Funding Agency Unknown (Russia) Discipline Navigation & Global Positioning Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for Cosmos 2403 Experiments on Cosmos 2403 Data collections from Cosmos 2403 Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-056C[13/10/2010 23:44:23] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel Cosmos 2404 Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-056A Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description Cosmos 2402 is one of the latest additions to the Russian fleet of Glonass navigational satellites. One of the good websites for the Glonass fleet is http://gge.unb.ca/Resources/GLONASSConstellationStatus.txt Glonass 701 28112 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-1210 Launch Vehicle: null Launch Site: null Funding Agency Unknown (Russia) Discipline Navigation & Global Positioning Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for Cosmos 2404 Experiments on Cosmos 2404 Data collections from Cosmos 2404 Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-056A[13/10/2010 23:44:58] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel Cubesat XI-IV Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-031J Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description CUBESAT XI-IV is a Japanese nanosatellite that was launched by a Rokot rocket from Plesetsk at 14:15 UT on 30 June 2003. With a mass of one kilogram, it carries an 80 mW beacon at 436.8475 MHz. OSCAR 57 27848 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-0630 Launch Vehicle: Rokot Launch Site: Plesetsk, Russia Mass: 1.0 kg Funding Agency Unknown (Japan) Disciplines Communications Technology Applications Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for Cubesat XI-IV Experiments on Cubesat XI-IV Data collections from Cubesat XI-IV Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-031J[13/10/2010 23:45:25] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel Cute 1 Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-031E Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description CUTE 1 is a Japanese (Tokyo Institute of Technology) one kilogram nanosatellite that was launched by a Rokot rocket from Plesetsk at 14:15 UT on 30 June 2003. It carries a 100 mW beacon at 436.8375 MHz. CubeSat OSCAR 55 27844 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-0630 Launch Vehicle: Rokot Launch Site: Plesetsk, Russia Mass: 1.0 kg Funding Agency Tokyo Institute of Technology (Japan) Disciplines Communications Technology Applications Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for Cute 1 Experiments on Cute 1 Data collections from Cute 1 Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-031E[13/10/2010 23:46:19] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel DMSP 5D-3/F16 Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-048A Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Description DMSP F16 (USA 172) was launched by a Titan 2 rocket from Vandenberg AFB at 16:17 UT on 18 October 2003. The Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) is a Department of Defense (DoD) program run by the Air Force Space and Missle Systems Center (SMC). The program designs, builds, launches, and maintains satellites monitoring the meteorological, oceanographic, and solar-terrestrial physics environments. Each DMSP satellite has a 101 minute, sun-synchronous near-polar orbit at an altitude of 830km above the surface of the earth. The visible and infrared sensors (OLS) collect images across a 3000 km swath, providing global coverage twice per day. The combination of day/night and dawn/dusk satellites allows monitoring of global information such as clouds every 6 hours. The microwave imager (SSMI) and sounders (SSMT1, SSMT2) cover one half the width of the visible and infrared swath. These instruments cover polar regions at least twice and the equatorial region once per day. The space environment sensors (SSJ, SSM, SSIES) record along-track plasma densities, velocities, composition and drifts (SS stands for Special Sensor). DMSP F16 carries two new experiments: the limb scanning ultraviolet imager/spectrometer SSULI built by the Naval Research Laboratory and the nadir scanning ultaviolet imager/spectrometer and photometer SSUSI built by the Applied Physics Laboratory at Johns Hopkins University. It also carried new versions of the Special Sensor for Ions, Electrons and Scintillations (SSIES-13) and of the precipitating ion and electron monitor (SSJ-5) The data from the DMSP satellites are received and used at operational centers continuously. The data are sent to the National Geophysical Data Center's Solar Terrestrial Physics Division (NGDC/STP) by the Air Force Weather Agency (AFWA) for creation of an archive. Alternate Names DMSP-F16 USA 172 28054 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-1018 Launch Vehicle: Titan II Launch Site: Vandenberg AFB, United States Funding Agency Unknown (United States) Disciplines Earth Science Surveillance and Other Military Space Physics Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for DMSP 5D3/F16 Experiments on DMSP 5D3/F16 Data collections from DMSP 5D-3/F16 Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Dr. Dieter K. Bilitza. Other Sources of DMSP Data/Information http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-048A[13/10/2010 23:47:43] NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details DMSP data (National Geophysical Data Center) + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-048A[13/10/2010 23:47:43] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel Double Star 1 Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-061A Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Description Double Star 1 (also known as Tan Ce 1, and TC 1) is a SinoEuropean (CSNA-ESA) satellite that was launched by a Long March 2C/SM rocket from Xichang Satellite Launch Center in the Sichuan province of China (PRC) at 19:06 UT on 29 December 2003. The 330 kg, 260 W satellite is cylindrical, with a diameter of 2.1 m, a height of 1.4 m, and spins at a rate of 15 rpm. It carries eight instruments to probe Earth's magnetosphere, five from ESA and three from CNSA. (The ESA instruments are legacies from ESA's Cluster mission.) The data from all instruments will be stored on-board and dumped over three grounds stations: Shanghai and Beifing in China, and Villafranca in Spain. There will be coordination between the Cluster and Double Star missions. For more information, see http://www.esa.int/export/esaSC/120381_index_0_m.html In the early morning on 14 October 2007, the satellite reentered the Earth's atmosphere and disintegrated during its descent. Alternate Names Tan Ce 1 TC 1 28140 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-1229 Launch Vehicle: Long March 2C/SM Launch Site: Xichang, Peoples Republic of China Mass: 330.0 kg Nominal Power: 260.0 W Funding Agencies China National Space Administration (Peoples Republic of China) European Space Agency (International) Discipline Space Physics Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for Double Star 1 Experiments on Double Star 1 Data collections from Double Star 1 Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-061A[13/10/2010 23:49:40] NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Office. Personnel Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail Dr. Christophe Philippe Escoubet Project Scientist ESA-European Space Research and Technology Centre [email protected] + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-061A[13/10/2010 23:49:40] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel Dtusat Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-031C Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description DTUSAT is a Danish (Danish Technological University) nanosatellite that was launched by a Rokot rocket from Plesetsk at 14:15 UT on 30 June 2003. It will image stars. 27842 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-0630 Launch Vehicle: Rokot Launch Site: Plesetsk, Russia Funding Agency Unknown (Denmark) Discipline Astronomy Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for Dtusat Experiments on Dtusat Data collections from Dtusat Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-031C[13/10/2010 23:50:37] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel Echostar 9 Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-034A Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description ECHOSTAR 9, also known as TELSTAR 13, is an American geostationary communications satellite that was launched by a Zenit 3SL rocket from the floating Odyssey platform on the equatorial Pacific at 154 deg-W longitude at 03:31 UT on 8 August 2003. The 4.7 tonne satellite carries 24 C-band, and a few Ku- and Ka- band transponders to provide direct-to-home and cable-fed high definition television programs to all regions of North America after parking over 121 deg-W longitude. Galaxy 23 G-23 Telstar 13 27854 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-0808 Launch Vehicle: Zenit 3SL Launch Site: Odyssey (Sea Launch Platform), null Funding Agency International Telecommunications Satellite Corporation (International) Discipline Communications Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for Echostar 9 Experiments on Echostar 9 Data collections from Echostar 9 Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-034A[13/10/2010 23:51:43] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel Eurobird 3 Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-043A Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description E-Bird is a European geostationary communications spacecraft that was launched by an Ariane 5 rocket from Kourou at 23:14 UT on 27 September 2003. The 888 kg, 1.6 kW satellite carries 20 Ku-band transponders to provide video and data transmissions to Europe and Turkey through four antenna beams, after parking over 33 deg-E longitude. E-bird 27948 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-0927 Launch Vehicle: Ariane 5 Launch Site: Kourou, French Guiana Funding Agency European Telecommunications Satellite Consortium (International) Discipline Communications Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for Eurobird 3 Experiments on Eurobird 3 Data collections from Eurobird 3 Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-043A[13/10/2010 23:52:18] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel Express AM22 Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-060A Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Description Express AM-22 is a Russian geostationary communications satellite that was launched by a Proton-K rocket from Baikonur at 23:00 UT on 28 December 2003. The 2.6 tonne, 6 kW satellite will provide television, internet and data transmissions to Russia and bordering countries through its 24 Ku-band transponders, after parking over 53 degrees E longitude. Alternate Names SESAT 2 28134 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-1228 Launch Vehicle: Proton-K Launch Site: Tyuratam (Baikonur Cosmodrome), Kazakhstan Mass: 590.0 kg Nominal Power: 6000.0 W Funding Agency Russian Satellite Communications Company (Russia) Discipline Communications Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for Express AM22 Experiments on Express AM22 Data collections from Express AM22 Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-060A[13/10/2010 23:52:49] NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel FSW-3 1 Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-051C Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description FSW-3 1 is a Chinese (PRC) recoverable satellite that was launched at 07:20 on 3 November 2003, by a Long March 2-D rocket. During the few weeks of orbiting, it was to collect "scientific and other" data through its imaging instruments. It reentered on 25 November 2003, probably as soft-landing. 28078 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-1103 Launch Vehicle: Long March 2D Launch Site: Peoples Republic of China Funding Agency Unknown (Peoples Republic of China) Disciplines Earth Science Microgravity Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for FSW-3 1 Experiments on FSW-3 1 Data collections from FSW31 Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-051C[13/10/2010 23:53:12] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel Galaxy 12 Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-013B Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description Galaxy 12 is an American (PanAmSat Corp.) geostationary communications spacecraft that was launched by an Ariane 5 rocket from Kourou on 9 April 2003. The 1.8 tonne satellite carries 24 -band transponders to provide voice, video and data transmissions to North and South Americas, after parking over 72 deg-W longitude. 27715 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-0409 Launch Vehicle: Ariane 5 Launch Site: Kourou, French Guiana Funding Agency Unknown (United States) Discipline Communications Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for Galaxy 12 Experiments on Galaxy 12 Data collections from Galaxy 12 Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-013B[13/10/2010 23:54:07] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel GALEX Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-017A Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Description The Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) is an orbiting space ultraviolet telescope, which explores the origin and evolution of galaxies, and the origins of stars and heavy elements over the redshift range of z between 0 and 2. GALEX will conduct an all-sky imaging survey, a deep imaging survey, and a survey of 200 galaxies nearest to the Milky Way Galaxy. As well, GALEX will perform three spectroscopic surveys over the 135300 nanometer band. GALEX has a planned 29 month mission, and is a part of the Small Explorers (SMEX) program. The spacecraft will be three-axis stabilized, with power coming from four fixed solar panels. The spacecraft bus is from Orbital Sciences Corporation based on OrbView 4. The telescope is a 50-cm Modified Ritchey-Chretien with a rotating grism. GALEX uses the first ever UV light dichroic beam-splitter flown in space to direct photons to the Near UV (175-280 nanometers) and Far UV (135-174 nanometers) microchannel plate detectors. Each of the two detectors has a 65 millimeter diameter. The target orbit is 670 km circular and inclined at 28.5 degrees to the equator. Alternate Names Galaxy Evolution Explorer Small Explorer/GALEX SMEX/GALEX Explorer 83 27783 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-0428 Launch Vehicle: Pegasus XL Launch Site: Cape Canaveral, United States Mass: 280.0 kg Nominal Power: 290.0 W Funding Agency NASA-Office of Space Science (United States) Discipline Astronomy Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for GALEX PDMP information for GALEX Telecommunications information for GALEX Experiments on GALEX Data collections from GALEX Questions or comments about this spacecraft can http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-017A[13/10/2010 23:55:55] NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. Personnel Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail Dr. Peter Friedman Project Scientist California Institute of Technology [email protected] Dr. Christopher R. Martin Mission Principal Investigator California Institute of Technology [email protected] Dr. James L. Fanson Project Manager NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory [email protected] US Active Archive for GALEX Information/Data The GALEX Archive at MAST (STScI) Other Sources of GALEX Information/Data GALEX Home Page + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-017A[13/10/2010 23:55:55] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel Gruzomaket Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-055A Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description Gruzomaket is a Russian satellite that was launched by a Strela rocket (a modified SS-19 ICBM) from Baikonur. No further information could be ascertained except that the Russian Interfax news agency calls the payload as a mock-up (and the name can be so translated also). 28098 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-1205 Launch Vehicle: null Launch Site: Tyuratam (Baikonur Cosmodrome), Kazakhstan Funding Agency Unknown (Russia) Discipline Other Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for Gruzomaket Experiments on Gruzomaket Data collections from Gruzomaket Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-055A[13/10/2010 23:57:17] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel GSAT 2 Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-018A Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description GSAT 2 is an Indian (ISRO) geostationary communications and space monitoring spacecraft that was launched by a 414 tonne GSLV-D2 rocket from Satish Dhawan Space Center in Sriharikota on the southeastern coast of India at 11:28 UT on 8 May 2003. The main mission was to test for the second time the rocket configuration, with the proven PSLV lower stages and a cryogenic third stage that uses a Russian motor. The 1.9 tonne, 1.4 kW GSAT 2 carries four C-band and two Ku-band transponders to provide voice and video transmissions to India and neighboring countries. It was maneuvered into the designated parking lot at 48 deg-E longitude on 19 May 2003. For more details, see 27807 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-0508 Launch Vehicle: GSLVD2 Launch Site: Sriharikota, India Funding Agency http://www.isro.org/ Unknown (India) Discipline Communications Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for GSAT 2 Experiments on GSAT 2 Data collections from GSAT 2 Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-018A[13/10/2010 23:58:40] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 Muses-C / Hayabusa DESCRIPCIÓN: Esta nave es un proyecto de la Agencia Espacial Japonesa y su principal objetivo es el asteroide de nombre (por decir algo) 1998SF36 (nº 25143- Tipo Apollo) (Se le ha rebautizado como 'Itokawa', nombre del creador de los primeros cohetes japoneses). Su diámetro es de unos 500 metros. Fue descubierto el 26 de septiembre de 1.998 por el programa LINEAR del M.I.T. La gran novedad de esta misión es que descenderá sobre la superficie de la roca y tomará muestras para traerlas de nuevo a la Tierra, siendo la primera sonda que lo haga. Esta misión tiene gran importancia puesto que el conocimiento de la composición de los asteroides nos puede ayudar a conocer el origen de nuestro Sistema Solar. Fue lanzada por el cohete japonés M-V en mayo de 2.003 y llegará a su destino en el verano de 2.005. Durante 5 meses orbitará el asteroide y tomará muestras de él para retornar a la Tierra en el 2.007, aterrizando en paracaídas en Woomera, Australia. Otra novedad es que usará un sistema de propulsión eléctrica de calentamiento por microondas de gas xenón. En esta nave se encuentran inscritos los nombres de todos los que se apuntaron a través de esta web. (Ver noticia 27.06.02) FECHAS PRINCIPALES: - Lanzamiento: 9 de mayo de 2.003 - Sobrevuelo de la Tierra: junio de 2.004 - Llegada y toma de muestras: verano de 2.005 - Retorno muestras a Tierra: verano de 2.007 ATERRIZAJE: La sonda cartografiará y estudiará durante varios meses el asteroide para conocer su forma y composición. Una vez decidida una zona de aterrizaje, al llegar a una altitud de 100m. soltará el llamado 'Target Market' que es un pequeño objeto con marcas para poder calibrar las distancias de aproximamiento por los distintos medidores de distancia de la sonda. Cuando falten unos centímetros, la sonda disminuirá su velocidad y el cono de muestras quedará muy cerca de la superficie. En ese momento disparará un pequeño proyectil que levantará el polvo de la superficie para ser recogido por el propio cono. Apenas un par de segundos después la sonda se levantará y volverá a su órbita. LA NAVE: Su peso es de unos 500kg. y se alimenta de energía solar. Posee un sistema de navegación autónoma que le permite la toma de decisiones por ejemplo en el aterrizaje. Sus dimensiones son de 1.5x1.5x1.2m. y la antena tiene un diámetro de 1.5m. INSTRUMENTOS: - Optical Navegacion Cámera (ONC): Cámara para la toma de fotografías. - Light Detection And Ranging (LIDAR): Medirá la distancia a los objetos. - Laser Range Finder (LRF): Láser para medidas - Espectrómetro Rayos X e infrarrojo: Análisis de la superficie del asteroide. - Minerva: Pequeño robot autónomo que volará por la superficie del asteroide. ORGANISMOS: Toda la sonda ha sido construida, diseñada y financiada por la Agencia Espacial Japonesa ISAS. La cámara ONC-T de Hayabusa posee una CCD que tiene una resolución de 1024 x 1000 píxeles. En el pasado acercamiento del día 12, esta cámara ha realizado la mejor imagen disponible hasta la fecha de la superficie de un asteroide. Desde una distancia de 5 kilómetros puede captar objetos con una resolución de hasta 50 centímetros. Mientras más desciende Hayabusa, la resolución espacial aumenta hasta distinguir minúsculas estructuras en la superficie de Itokawa. En el descenso del día 12, la sonda Hayabusa logró bajar hasta unos 55 metros de la superficie del asteroide. Si la sonda se acerca a menos de 60 a 75 metros, la cámara ONC-T ya no consigue enfocarse correctamente por lo que esa es la mejor distancia posible para realizar las imágenes. A esa distancia la resolución espacial es de unos 6 milímetros por píxel lo que permite ver hasta los más pequeños guijarros del suelo. Parte de la imagen de alta resolución y el entorno Los trozos de rocas que conocemos como meteoritos, ahora ya pueden ser vistos en su estado original y apreciar su naturaleza y estructura. En la imagen dada a conocer la resolución es de 2 centímetros por píxel y está realizada desde una altura de 160 metros. La imagen de la derecha muestra el entorno de la zona ampliada y está tomada en el mismo momento con la cámara de campo ancho ONC-W1. La segunda imagen muestra una comparación con la última fotografía adquirida por la sonda NEAR en el asteroide Eros. Comparación con la imagen de NEAR NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details did not collect a sample. This was the first ever controlled landing on an asteroid and first ascent from any other solar sytem body except the Moon. A second touchdown and sampling run was made on 25 November, early telemetry indicates the spacecraft touched down at 10 cm/sec and two sampling bullets were fired 0.2 seconds apart at 22:07 UT 24 November (7:07 a.m. JST 25 November) but examination of later telemetry indicates it is not clear that the bullets were fired. On 9 December contact was lost with the spacecraft, presumably because of torques caused by a thruster leak which altered the pointing of the antenna. Communications with the spacecraft were regained in early March 2006. It appears that the chemical fuel has been lost due to the leak, two of three reaction wheels are also inoperable and 4 of the 11 lithium-ion battery cells are not functioning. Ground controllers are using the solar batteries to run the ion engine, which will be used in place of the chemical thrusters to maintain attitude control. The ion engine ran until November 2007, at which time it was turned off and the spacecraft went into hibernation mode and continue on a ballistic trajectory. There is still a large margin of xenon left to run the thrusters for propulsion and attitude control. Earth return is scheduled for 13 June 2010. The samples, if any were collected, will have a total mass of less than one gram. It is hoped that even if the projectiles did not fire that a small number of particles may have been kicked up into the collection area during the touchdown due to the extremely low surface gravity. They are held inside a separate re-entry capsule. The re-entry capsule will be detached from the main spacecraft at a distance of about 300,000 to 400,000 km from the Earth, and the capsule will coast on a ballistic trajectory, re-entering the Earth's atmosphere on 13 June 2010. The capsule will experience peak decellerations of about 25 G and heating rates approximately 30 times those experienced by the Apollo spacecraft. It will land via parachute near Woomera, Australia. (This scenario is a change from the original plan to launch in July 2002 to the asteroid Nereus.) Spacecraft and Subsystems The Hayabusa spacecraft has a box-shaped main body 1.5 m along each side and 1.05 m high. The launch mass is 530 kg, including 50 kg of chemical propellant and 65 kg of xenon gas. Two solar panel wings with a total array area of 12 square meters protrude from the side and a 1.5 m diameter high-gain parabolic antenna is mounted on top on a two-axis gimbal. A cylindrical sampler horn, deployed shortly after launch, protrudes from the bottom of the spacecraft. The Minerva lander was also mounted on th spacecraft near the bottom panel. Hayabusa is propelled during cruise phases by two microwave ion thruster engines, which use a microwave discharge to ionize xenon gas. The ionized plasma is accelerated by high-voltage electrodes through four thruster heads which protrude from one side of the spacecraft body to provide a peak thrust of 20 mN using 1 kW power. A nitrogen tetroxide/hydrazine propulsion system with a peak thrust of 22 N will be used for maneuvering. The spacecraft is powered by gallium-arsenide solar cells and a 15 A-hr rechargeable nickelmetal hydride (Ni-MH) battery. Communications are via X- and S-band low gain antennas and the high gain dish antenna (Xband) with a transmitted power of 20 W. The mission is also be equipped with a camera, used for imaging, visible-polarimetry studies, and optical navigation near the asteroid, a laser ranging device (LIDAR), and near-IR and X-ray spectrometers. The insulated and cushioned re-entry capsule, 40 cm in diameter and 25 cm deep with a mass of about 20 kg, is attached to the body of the spacecraft near the sample collection horn. The capsule has a convex nose covered with a 3 cm thick ablative heat shield to protect the samples from the high velocity (~13 km/s) re-entry. Cost of the Hayabusa spacecraft is roughly 12 billion yen ($100 million U.S.) Surface Sample Collection The lander will be equipped with a universal sample collection device which will gather roughly one gram of surface samples taken from the landings at 3 different locations. The device consists of a funnel-shaped collection horn, 40 cm in diameter at the end, which is to be placed over the sampling area. A pyrotechnic device fires a 10 gram metal projectile down the barrel of the horn at 200 - 300 m/sec. The projectile strikes the surface producing a small impact crater in the surface of the asteroid and propelling ejecta fragments back up the horn, where some of it is funnelled into a sample collection chamber. Prior to each sampling run, the spacecraft will drop a small target plate onto the surface from about 30 m altitude to use as a landmark to ensure the relative horizontal velocity between the spacecraft and asteroid surface is zero during the sampling. After sampling the samples will be stored in the reentry capsule for return to Earth. Minerva The Minerva lander is a small (591 gram) cylinder about the size of a coffee can, designed to be released from the spacecraft on the first rehearsal touchdown run. It has the ability to "hop" on the surface of the asteroid and has full autonomy. It is equipped with an imaging system comprising http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-019A[14/10/2010 0:00:54] of the Hayabusa spacecraft at the Muses Sea on Itokawa, Science, 312, No. 5578, 1350-1353, June 2006. Kawaguchi, J., et al., MUSESC, Its launch and early orbit operations, Acta Astronaut., 59, No. 8-11, 669-678, Dec. 2006. Spacecraft image at top of page by James Garry Hayabusa Project Home Page - ISAS, Japan Hayabusa Project Science Data Archive Public Release of Hayabusa Data Archives - 24 April 2007 More detail on the recovery plan - 14 December 2005 Hayabusa Status Report - 12 December 2005 Hayabusa Status Report - 12 December 2005 Hayabusa's Practice Descent (Rehearsal) - 04 November 2005 JAXA Report MUSES-C Testing Status Report - 06 August 2002 MUSES-C Rover Cancelled 03 November 2000 NASA Press Release Change in MUSES-C Target and Launch Date - 07 August 2000 NASA Press Release Image of asteroid Itokawa taken by Hayabusa (Copyright ISAS, JAXA) Other NSSDC Resources Asteroid Page Asteroid Fact Sheet May 1997 Press Release - NASA Rover and involvement with the mission. JAXA Resources Hayabusa Now - Current Position of Hayabusa Hayabusa Description - ISAS, Japan Hayabusa Project News - JAXA, Japan Hayabusa Home Page - ISAS, Japan ISAS Home Page NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details three miniature cameras and temperature measuring devices. Data will be relayed to Hayabusa and then to Earth. SSV Rover The rover, or Small Science Vehicle (SSV), was to have been a NASA contribution to the mission but was cancelled due to budget contraints. The SSV would have been dropped onto the surface of the asteroid by the Hayabusa spacecraft. The rover goals were to make texture, composition and morphology measurements of the surface layer at scales smaller than 1 cm, investigations of lateral heterogeneity at small scales, investigation of vertical regolith structure by taking advantage of disturbances of the surface layer by microrover operations, and to measure constraints on the mechanical and thermal properties of the surface layer. The rover would weigh about 1 kg and would be capable of rolling, climbing, or hopping around on the surface of the asteroid. It would have run on solar power and carry a multi-band imaging camera, a nearinfrared point spectrometer, and an alpha/X-ray spectrometer (AXS). + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-019A[14/10/2010 0:00:54] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel Hellas-Sat Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-020A Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description Hellas-Sat is a joint Greece-Cyprus geostationary communications spacecraft that was launched by an Atlas 5 rocket (fitted with a Russian RD-180 motor) from Cape Canaveral at 22:10 UT on 13 May 2003. The 3.45 tonne satellite carries 30 Ku-band transponders to provide direct-tohome voice and video transmissions to much of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East, after parking over 39 deg-E longitude. 27811 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-0513 Launch Vehicle: Atlas V Launch Site: Cape Canaveral, United States Funding Agencies Hellas-Sat Consortium (Greece) Hellas-Sat Consortium (Cyprus) Discipline Communications Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for Hellas-Sat Experiments on Hellas-Sat Data collections from Hellas-Sat Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-020A[14/10/2010 0:08:27] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel Horizons 1 Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-044A Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description HORIZONS 1 (GALAXY 13) is a joint American-Japanese (i.e, PanAmSat- JSAT corporations) geostationary communications spacecraft that was launched by a Zenit 3 rocket from the floating platform Odessey in equatorial Pacific ocean on 1 October 2003. The 2.6 tonne (4.06, including the fuel), 9.9 kW satellite carries 24 transponders each in the C- and Ku-bands to provide digital video, internet, and data services to the countries on either side of the Pacific ocean after parking over 127 deg-W longitude. The alternative designation of GALAXY 13 is adopted from the fact that the C-band component is a legacy of the GALAXY series and its co-owner PanAmSat who will control it, not the JSAT. Galaxy 13 27954 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-1001 Launch Vehicle: Zenit 3 Launch Site: Odyssey (Sea Launch Platform), null Funding Agencies PANAMSAT - JSAT (United States) PANAMSAT - JSAT (Japan) Discipline Communications Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for Horizons 1 Experiments on Horizons 1 Data collections from Horizons 1 Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-044A[14/10/2010 0:09:37] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel ICESat Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-002A Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Description ICESat is a part of NASA's Earth Observing System. Its primary objectives are to determine the mass balance of the polar ice sheets and their contributions to global sea level change and to obtain essential data for prediction of future changes in ice volume and sea-level. Secondary objectives are to measure cloud heights and the vertical stucture of clouds and aerosols in the atmosphere, to map the topography of land surfaces, and to measure roughness, reflectivity, vegetation heights, snow-cover, and sea-ice surface characteristics. To achieve these goals, ICESat will utilize its sole instrument, the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System, or GLAS. Alternate Names Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite 27642 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-0113 Launch Vehicle: Delta II Launch Site: Vandenberg AFB, United States Nominal Power: 350.0 W Funding Agency National Aeronautics and Space Administration (United States) Discipline Earth Science Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for ICESat Telecommunications information for ICESat Experiments on ICESat Data collections from ICESat Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-002A[14/10/2010 0:11:21] NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Other sources of ICESat information ICESat project (NASA GSFC) + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-002A[14/10/2010 0:11:21] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search National Space Science Data Center Header Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel IGS 1A Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-009A Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description IGS 1A (Informaton Gathering Satellite 1A) and IGS 1B are two Japanese reconnaissance satellites that were launched by a H-2A rocket from Tanegashima Space Center at 01:27 UT on 28 March 2003. They may be tasked to watch for nuclear explosions and missile launches in nearby countries, in addition to global natural disasters and hurricanes. As such, according to the Japanese Defence Ministry, the launch is not in violation of the Japan-N. Korea declaration of September 2002. One of the two spacecraft uses optical cameras with a resolution of one meter; the other uses synthetic aperture radar to provide images at a resolution of a few meters. No information is available as to which satellite carries which instrument. Information Gathering Satellite 1A 27698 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-0328 Launch Vehicle: H-2A Launch Site: Tanegashima, Japan Funding Agency Unknown (Japan) Discipline Surveillance and Other Military Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for IGS 1A Experiments on IGS 1A Data collections from IGS 1A Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-009A[14/10/2010 0:13:03] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel IGS 1B Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-009B Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description IGS 1B (Information Gathering Satellite 1B) and IGS 1A are two Japanese reconnaissance satellites that were launched by a H-2A rocket from Tanegashima Space Center at 01:27 UT on 28 March 2003. They may be tasked to watch for nuclear explosions and missile launches in nearby countries, in addition to global natural disasters and hurricanes. As such, according to the Japanese Defence Ministry, the launch is not in violation of the Japan-N. Korea declaration of September 2002. One of the two spacecraft uses optical cameras with a resolution of one meter; the other uses synthetic aperture radar to provide images at a resolution of a few meters. No information is available as to which satellite carries which instrument. Information Gathering Satellite 1B 27699 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-0328 Launch Vehicle: H-2A Launch Site: Tanegashima, Japan Funding Agency Unknown (Japan) Discipline Surveillance and Other Military Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for IGS 1B Experiments on IGS 1B Data collections from IGS 1B Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-009B[14/10/2010 0:14:36] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel Innovation 1 Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-049B Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description Innovation 1, also known as Chuangxin 1, is a Chinese (PRC) prototype of an advanced telecommunication satellite with potentials for environmental protection, oil and gas transportation, flood prevention and earthquake monitoring. The 100 kg satellite was launched by a Long March 4B rocket from Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center in Shanxi province on 21 October 2003. Chuangxin 1 29058 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-1021 Launch Vehicle: Long March 4B Launch Site: Taiyuan, Peoples Republic of China Funding Agency Unknown (Peoples Republic of China) Discipline Communications Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for Innovation 1 Experiments on Innovation 1 Data collections from Innovation 1 Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-049B[14/10/2010 0:15:55] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel Insat 3A Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-013A Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description Insat 3A is an Indian (ISRO) geostationary communications and weather-monitoring satellite that was launched by an Ariane 5 rocket from Kourou at 22:52 UT on 9 April 2003. The 3-tonne satellite carries 12 C-band, six Extended C-band, and six Ku-band transponders to provide voice, video and data transmission to West Asia, East Asia, and India, after parking over 93.5 deg-E longitude. Insat 3A carries also the usual Insat package of sensors in visual, infrared and water vapor bands to monitor clouds and storms. The spatial resolution at visual wavelengths is 2 km, and at infrared 1 km. The satellite also carries a separate transponder for the international search and rescue program. 27714 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-0409 Launch Vehicle: Ariane 5 Launch Site: Kourou, French Guiana Funding Agency Indian Space Research Organization (India) Disciplines Communications Earth Science Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for Insat 3A Experiments on Insat 3A Data collections from Insat 3A Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-013A[14/10/2010 0:16:50] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel INSAT 3E Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-043E Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description INSAT 3E is an Indian geostationary communications satellite that was launched by an Ariane 5 rocket from Kourou at 23:14 UT on 27 September 2003. It joins the currently operational fleet of four such INSATs (2E, 3A, 3B, and 3C). The 2.8 tonne, triaxially stabilized satellite carries 24 C-band, and 12 extended C-band transponders to provide communications and television services to the Indian subcontinent, after parking over 55 deg-E longitude. 27951 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-0927 Launch Vehicle: Ariane 5 Launch Site: Kourou, French Guiana Funding Agency Unknown (India) Discipline Communications Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for INSAT 3E Experiments on INSAT 3E Data collections from INSAT 3E Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-043E[14/10/2010 0:17:11] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel Intelsat 907 Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-007A Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description Intelsat 907 is a geostationary communications spacecraft of the Intelsat corporation which had been a global, multigovernment-owned consortium that was privatized in 2002. It was launched by an Ariane 44L rocket from Kourou at 07:00 UT on 15 February 2003. The 4.7 tonne spacecraft will provide data-relay among installations in North America, South America, Western Europe and Africa through its array of Cand K-band transponders after parking over 27.5 deg-W longitude. It replaces the aging Intelsat 605. This was the last and 116th launch of the Ariane-4 series which will be replaced by the Ariane-5 series. 27683 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-0215 Launch Vehicle: Ariane 44L Launch Site: Kourou, French Guiana Funding Agency International Telecommunications Satellite Corporation (International) Discipline Communications Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for Intelsat 907 Experiments on Intelsat 907 Data collections from Intelsat 907 Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-007A[14/10/2010 0:17:37] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel IRS P6 Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-046A Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description IRS P6, also known as Resourcesat 1, is an Indian remote sensing and photo-imaging spacecraft that was launched by a PSLV-C5 rocket from Sriharikota in southeast India at 04:54 UT on 17 October 2003. The 1,360 kg satellite carries carries high resolution imaging instruments to monitor agricultural, land, and water resources. Resourcesat 1 28050 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-1017 Launch Vehicle: PSLV Launch Site: Sriharikota, India Funding Agency Unknown (India) Discipline Earth Science Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for IRS P6 Experiments on IRS P6 Data collections from IRS P6 Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-046A[14/10/2010 0:18:08] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel Kaistsat 4 Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-042G Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description Kaistsat 4 (Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology SATellite 4) is a S-Korean astrophysical satellite that was launched by a Kosmos 3M rocket from Plesetsk at 06:12 UT on 27 September 2003. The 120 kg satellite carries a spcial UV imaging spectrograph to monitor gas clouds in the Galaxy. It will complete a full sky mapping in about a year, by scanning a one-degree strip every day. Additionally, it may also aim the telescope downward to image auroral displays. Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Satellite 4 27945 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-0927 Launch Vehicle: Kosmos-3M Launch Site: Plesetsk, Russia Funding Agency Unknown (South Korea) Discipline Astronomy Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for Kaistsat 4 Experiments on Kaistsat 4 Data collections from Kaistsat 4 Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-042G[14/10/2010 0:19:13] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel Larets Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-042F Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description Larets is a Russian satelite that was launched by a Kosmos 3M rocket from Plesetsk at 06:12 UT on 27 September 2003. It will help "tuning ground radars". It carries reflectors for ground based laser rangers. 27944 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-0927 Launch Vehicle: Kosmos-3M Launch Site: Plesetsk, Russia Funding Agency Unknown (Russia) Discipline Other Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for Larets Experiments on Larets Data collections from Larets Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-042F[14/10/2010 0:20:04] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel Mars Express Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-022A Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Mars Express Description Mars Express is a European Space Agency (ESA) mission to Mars. It consists of an orbiter, the Mars Express Orbiter, and a lander, Beagle 2. The scientific objectives of the Mars Express Orbiter are to obtain global high-resolution photo-geology (10 m resolution), mineralogical mapping (100 m resolution) and mapping of the atmospheric composition, study the subsurface structure, the global atmospheric circulation, and the interaction between the atmosphere and the subsurface, and the atmosphere and the interplanetary medium. The Beagle 2 lander objectives are to characterize the landing site geology, mineralogy, and geochemistry, the physical properties of the atmosphere and surface layers, collect data on martian meteorology and climatology, and search for possible signatures of life. Spacecraft and Subsystems The Mars Express Orbiter is a cube-shaped spacecraft with two solar panel wings extending from opposite sides. The launch mass of 1123 kg includes a main bus with a 113 kg of payload, the 60 kg lander, and 457 kg of propellant. The main body is 1.5 m x 1.8 m x 1.4 m in size, with an aluminum honeycomb strucure covered by an aluminum skin. The solar panels measure about 12 m tip-to-tip. A 1.8 m diameter highgain antenna is mounted on one face, pointing in the same direction as the solar panels. Two 20 m long wire dipole antennas extend from opposite side faces perpendicular to the solar panels as part of the radar sounder. A 4 m tubular monopole low-gain antenna extends from the upper face. The body is built around the main propulsion system, which consists of a bi-propellant 400 N main engine. The two 267liter propellant tanks have a total capacity of 595 kg. Approximately 370 kg are needed for the nominal mission. Pressurized helium from a 35 liter tank is used to force fuel into the engine. Trajectory corrections will be made using a set of eight 10 N thrusters, one attached to each corner of the spacecraft bus. Attitude control (3-axis stabilization) is achieved using two 3-axis inertial measurement units, a set of two star cameras and two Sun sensors, gyroscopes, accelerometers, and four 12-Nms reaction wheels. Pointing accuracy is .04 degrees with respect to the inertial reference frame and 0.8 degrees with respect to the Mars orbital frame. Thermal control is maintained through the use of radiators, multi-layer insulation, and actively controlled heaters. The spacecraft configuration is optimized for a Soyuz/Fregat, but is fully compatible with a Delta II launch vehicle if necessary. Spacecraft power is provided by the solar panels which contain 11.42 square meters of silicon cells. The originally planned power was to be 660 W at 1.5 AU but a faulty connection has http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-022A[14/10/2010 0:21:37] Alternate Names Mars Express Orbiter Beagle 2 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-0602 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz Launch Site: Tyuratam (Baikonur Cosmodrome), Kazakhstan Mass: 666.0 kg Nominal Power: 460.0 W Discipline Planetary Science Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for Mars Express PDMP information for Mars Express Experiments on Mars Express Data collections from Mars Express Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Dr. David R. Williams. NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details reduced the amount of power available by 30%, to about 460 W. This loss of power is not expected to significantly impact the science return of the mission. Power is stored in three lithium-ion batteries with a total capacity of 64.8 Ah for use during eclipses. The power is fully regulated at 28 V, the peak power requirement at Mars is 450 W. Telecommunications are via the high-gain parabolic antenna and two omnidirectional low-gain S-band antennas. These provide X-band (7.1 GHz) and S-band (2.1 GHz) uplink and downlink. Two Mars lander relay UHF antennas are mounted on the top face for communication with the Beagle 2. The spacecraft is run by two Control and Data management Units with a 10 gigabit solid state mass memory for storage of data and housekeeping information for transmission. The science payload consists of seven experiments. The high resolution stereoscopic camera (HRSC) is mounted inside the spacecraft body, aimed through the top face of the spacecraft, which is nadir pointing during Mars operations. A visible and near-infrared spectrometer (OMEGA), infrared spectrometer (PFS) and ultraviolet spectrometer (SPICAM) are also mounted inside pointing out the top face. The neutral and charged particle sensors (ASPERA) are mounted on the top face. The subsurface radar and altimeter is mounted in the body and is nadir pointing, and also incorporates the two 20 m antennas. The radio science experiment (MaRS) uses the communications subsystem. The total mass budgeted for the science payload is 116 kg. Beagle 2 The Beagle 2 is a lander initially mounted on the top deck of the Mars Express Orbiter. It was released from Mars Express on 19 December and reached Mars on 25 December. However no signals have been received from the lander and the mission has been declared lost. For more information on the Beagle 2 lander, see: http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/database/MasterCatalog?sc=2003022C Mission profile Launch took place on a Soyuz/Fregat from Baikonur Cosmodrome on 2 June 2003 at 23:45 local time (17:45 UT, 1:45 p.m. EDT), with the Mars Express and Fregat booster put into a 200 km Earth parking orbit. The Fregat was fired again at 19:14 UT to put the spacecraft into a Mars transfer orbit, and the Fregat and Mars Express separated at approximately 19:17 UT. The solar panels have been deployed and a trajectory correction maneuver will be performed on 4 June to aim Mars Express towards Mars and allow the Fregat booster to coast into interplanetary space. Mars Express arrived at Mars after a 400 million km journey and a course correction in September, in December 2003. The Beagle 2 lander was released on 19 December at 8:31 UTC (9:31 CET) on a ballistic cruise towards the surface. On 20 December, Mars Express fired a short thruster burst to put it into position to orbit the planet. The Mars Express Orbiter fired its main engine for 37 minutes on 25 December at 2:47 UT (9:47 p.m. EST, 24 December) and went into a highly elliptical 250 km x 150,000 km initial capture orbit with an inclination of 25 degrees. The orbit will be adjusted by four more main engine firings starting on 30 December to the desired 258 km x 11,560 km near polar (86.3 degree inclination) orbit with a period of 7.5 hours. Near periapsis the top deck will be pointed down towards the martian surface and near apoapsis the high gain antenna will be pointed towards Earth for uplink and downlink. After 440 days the apoapsis will be lowered to 10,107 km and periapsis will be raised to 298 km to give an orbital period of 6.7 hours. Aerobraking can be used to modify the orbit if there are any http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-022A[14/10/2010 0:21:37] NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details problems with the main engine. Nominal mission duration is planned to be 1 martian year (687 Earth days). The Beagle 2 coasted for five days after release and entered the martian atmosphere on the morning of 25 December. Landing was expected to occur at about 02:54 UT on 25 December (9:54 p.m. EST 24 December). No signals have been received and the lander was declared lost The overall Mars Express budget excluding the lander is 150 million Euros (roughly $150 million U.S.) Personnel Name Role Original Affiliation Mr. Augustin Chicarro Project Scientist ESA-European Space Research and Technology Centre Dr. Rudolf J. Schmidt Project Manager ESA-European Space Research and Technology Centre E-mail [email protected] Selected References Bridges, J. C., et al., Selection of the landing site in Isidis Planitia of Mars probe Beagle 2, J. Geophys. Res., 108, No. E1, Jan. 2003. Schmidt, R., Mars Express - ESA's first mission to planet Mars, Space Technol., 20, No. 5-6, 219-224, 2001. Wright, I. P., et al., Scientific objectives of the Beagle 2 lander, Acta Astronaut., 52, No. 2-6, 219-225, 2003. Beagle 2 after separating from Mars Express http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-022A[14/10/2010 0:21:37] NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Beagle 2 lander (image © Beagle 2 Project) Mars Express Launches Successfully - ESA Press Release Beagle 2 Information Mars Home Page Chronology of Mars Exploration Mars Express Home Page - ESA Beagle 2 Home Page - The Open University + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-022A[14/10/2010 0:21:37] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 Mars Express / Beagle 2 Esta misión es la primera de la Agencia Espacial Europea hacia Marte y será una de las cuatro que lleguen a las inmediaciones del planeta entre finales de 2.003 y principios de 2.004, sumándose a las dos que ya están en órbita. La sonda portará una pequeña nave de descenso denominada Beagle-2. El lanzamiento fue llevado a cabo por un cohete ruso Soyuz/Fregat el 2 de junio de 2.003, para llegar a Marte seis meses después, a finales de año. El objetivo principal de la misión es la búsqueda de agua en el subsuelo desde la órbita y de restos pasado o presentes de vida desde la superficie. El orbitador posee siete instrumentos científicos que buscarán la localización y el estado del agua en Marte y la sonda de descenso se centrará en la búsqueda de elementos químicos y biológicos. FECHAS PRINCIPALES: Lanzamiento: 2 de junio de 2.003. 17:45 GMT Llegada a Marte: 19 de diciembre 2.003 Suelta de la sonda de descenso y aterrizaje en Marte: 25 de diciembre de 2.003 - 02:54 GMT Fin de la misión: diciembre 2.005 EL ORBITADOR MARS EXPRESS: Esta misión nació tras el fracaso de Mars'96, una misión rusa a Marte no logró llegar ni siquiera a la órbita de la Tierra y en ella iban muchos experimentos europeos que se perdieron. De este modo, la Agencia Espacial Europea decidió revivir algunos de esos experimentos en una nueva misión y añadir algunos más, con las mejoras técnicas del paso del tiempo. La nave permanecerá en órbita durante un año marciano (687 días o dos años terrestres) pero puede ser extensible a dos años más y aparte de sus propios objetivos como misión, llevará consigo un pequeño módulo de descenso y servirá como repetidor para las futuras misiones europeas y americanas a Marte. Un mes antes de llegar a Marte, se activará la sonda Beagle-2 y sólo 5 días antes del encuentro, la sonda será soltada para iniciar una caída libre hacia el Planeta Rojo. En esos momentos Mars Express encenderá por primera vez su motor principal que le dará la dirección necesaria para ponerse días después en órbita del planeta. Una vez llegado a Marte adquirirá un órbita elíptica a una altitud entre 1.000 y 11.500 km. con un periodo de 7,5 horas que le permitirá adquirir datos del módulo Beagle-2 y tomar datos con sus equipos cuando se encuentre en la parte más cercana de la órbita y transmitirlos a la Tierra cuando se encuentre en la parte más alejada de Marte. Las antenas de Guayana y Perth serán las encargadas de mantener el contacto con la nave. Las dimensiones totales de la nave son de 1,5x1,8x1,4 metros y su peso total con el Beagle-2 y el combustible incluido no llegan a los 1.100 kg. La electricidad la proveen dos paneles solares con una superficie de 11 m2. Durante el recorrido se harán ajustes a la órbita con unas pequeñas toberas que posee la sonda a su alrededor y el motor principal es capaz de desarrollar una fuerza de 400N y posee dos tanques con 267 litros de propelentes impulsados por helio. La antena principal de comunicaciones tiene un diámetro de 1,8 metros y la secundaria una longitud de 40 cm. La velocidad de transmisión puede llegar a 230kbps. El disco duro de la nave tiene una capacidad de 12 Gb. donde los datos serán almacenados antes de ser transmitidos a la Tierra. INSTRUMENTOS MARS EXPRESS: Mars Express lleva cuatro instrumentos dedicados al estudio de la superficie. - High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC): Cámara de altísima resolución que realizará mapas topográficos y tomará imágenes con una resolución de hasta 2 metros. - IR Mapping Spectrometer (OMEGA): espectrómetro infrarrojo para el suelo y las rocas. - Radio Science Experiment (MaRS): experimentos de radio que analizarán el interior de Marte y su geodesia. - Sub-surface Sounding Radar / Altimeter (MARSIS): Radar que medirá la profundidad y composición del suelo marciano. Se espera que este aparato determine hasta una profundidad de 3 kilómetros la cantidad de agua que hay actualmente en Marte. Y otros tres instrumentos se dedicarán al estudio de la atmósfera. - Energetic Neutral Atoms Analyser (or ASPERA): estudiará la atmósfera superior y examinará los efectos del viento solar sobre ella, midiendo los gases neutros y los cargados eléctricamente. - Planetary Fourier Spectrometer (PFS): estudiará la atmósfera en infrarrojos creando mapas en tres dimensiones de temperaturas y presiones. - UV and IR Atmospheric Spectrometer (SPICAM): medirá la composición y estructura de la atmósfera. LA SONDA DE DESCENSO - BEAGLE 2: El Beagle-2 es una sonda de descenso a Marte diseñada y construida por completo por un consorcio de universidades británicas, que llegará al planeta rojo a bordo de la sonda de la Agencia Espacial Europea Mars Express. Su misión fundamental será la búsqueda de indicios biológicos y experimentos atmosféricos y geoquímicos. La sonda fue aprobada en noviembre de 1.999 con un peso inicial de 108kg. pero este peso ha sido reducido hasta los 30 kg. debido a la miniaturización y los recortes presupuestarios. Es hasta este momento la sonda con mayor carga de instrumentos en relación a su peso. Se espera que su vida útil en la superficie sea de seis meses extensibles hasta 24 meses en total. Como sitio de aterrizaje se elegirá un lugar en el cual hayan acontecido inundaciones en el pasado para que la superficie sea lo más lisa posible y aumente la posibilidad de encontrar restos orgánicos. Cinco días después de entrar en órbita, Mars Express soltará al módulo de descenso, siendo este un momento crítico ya que si no se soltara ninguna de las dos partes podría seguir su misión. La sonda va metida en una cápsula que la protege de la contaminación biológica en la Tierra, de las radiaciones del espacio durante el viaje y del calor de la entrada en la atmósfera marciana. Una vez frenada en la atmósfera la mayor parte de la velocidad, se despliega un paracaídas hasta las cercanías de la superficie donde este se soltará y se abrirán los airbags que protegen a Beagle-2 del impacto contra el suelo hasta que el conjunto quede inmovilizado por completo. INSTRUMENTOS BEAGLE 2: - Espectrómetro de masas: analizará muestras del suelo en busca de restos biológicos. Contiene el GAP - Gas Analysis Package, aparato encargado de calentar las muestras en presencia de oxígeno e introducirlas en el espectrómetro. Las muestras calentadas desprenderán dióxido de carbono y el espectrómetro medirá la abundancia de dos isótopos del 12 13 carbono y ver la relación existente entre ellos ( C y C). Otros gases como el metano también serán analizados. Las muestras serán analizadas en un amplio intervalo de temperaturas, pero las muestras orgánicas deben de descomponerse en temperaturas entre los 200 y 500ºC. También estudiará componentes de la atmósfera que nos informarán sobre la historia climática de Marte. - Cámaras: la sonda de descenso llevará tres cámaras, dos de ellas formarán un sistema de visión estéreo y estará montadas en el brazo robótico. Una de ellas está provista de un espejo y nos dará la primera imagen de Marte antes incluso de que el brazo esté desplegado. La tercera cámara está acoplada a un microscopio en el brazo robótico y nos servirá para analizar las rocas del entorno de la nave con una resolución de cuatro micrones y en varias longitudes de onda. - Recogida de muestras: Llamado Pluto, es un mecanismo de penetración en el suelo marciano para tomar muestras sin contaminar y analizarlas en el espectrómetro. Todo el aparato se encuentra al final de un cable de tres metros de longitud que será la distancia a la cual podrá ser lanzador el recogedor de las muestras. - Espectrómetro Mossbauer: nos dará información acerca de las muestras de terreno y su composición en mineral de hierro midiendo la velocidad de los rayos gamma emitidos por las rocas y el análisis de un detector de rayos-X. - Equipo de sensores medioambientales: En total habrá un conjunto de 7 sensores entre los que tenemos un sensor ultravioleta para detectar el flujo de radiación solar en los 200-400 nm., MAOS que es un instrumento capaz de identificar y cuantificar las moléculas oxidantes de la atmósfera, un sensor de radiaciones de protones solares y rayos cósmicos de alta energía, termómetros que medirán variaciones de hasta 0.05ºC, sensores de presión atmosférica con sensibilidad de hasta 0,1mBar, una veleta para medir la velocidad de los vientos y su dirección, detectores de impacto de polvo para medir la fuerza de impacto de los granos de arena en Marte y un acelerómetro triple que medirá las condiciones en las que se encuentra la nave durante el descenso y datos sobre las capas altas de la atmósfera. WEBS: NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel MILSTAR 6 Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-012A Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description USA 169 is an American military geostationary, super-secure communications satellite that was launched by a Titan 4 rocket from Cape Canaveral AFS at 13:43 UT on 8 April 2003. The 4.5 tonne satellite is also known as MILSTAR 6 (MILitary Strategic and TActical Relay satellite 6). With the end of the cold war, MILSTARs are no longer engineered for "heroic survivability". No further details are available. USA 169 27711 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-0408 Launch Vehicle: Titan IV Launch Site: Cape Canaveral, United States Funding Agency Department of Defense (United States) Discipline Surveillance and Other Military Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for MILSTAR 6 Experiments on MILSTAR 6 Data collections from MILSTAR 6 Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-012A[14/10/2010 0:22:51] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel Mimosa Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-031B Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description MIMOSA is a Czech minisatellite that was launched by a Rokot rocket from Plesetsk at 14:15 UT on 30 June 2003. The 66 kg satellite is nearly spherical with 28 sides and carries a microaccelerometer to monitor atmospheric density profile by sensing the atmospheric drag. 27841 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-0630 Launch Vehicle: Rokot Launch Site: Plesetsk, Russia Funding Agency Czechoslovakia Academy of Sciences (Czech Republic) Discipline Earth Science Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for Mimosa Experiments on Mimosa Data collections from Mimosa Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-031B[14/10/2010 0:23:59] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel Molniya 1-92 Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-011A Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description Molniya 1-92 is a Russian military communications spacecraft that was launched from Plesetsk by a Molniya-M rocket at 01:53 UT on 2 April 2003. 27707 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-0402 Launch Vehicle: Molniya-M Launch Site: Plesetsk, Russia Funding Agency Unknown (Russia) Discipline Surveillance and Other Military Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for Molniya 192 Experiments on Molniya 192 Data collections from Molniya 1-92 Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-011A[14/10/2010 0:25:09] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel Molniya 3-53 Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-029A Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description Molniya 3-53 is a two-tonne Russian military communications spacecraft that was launched into a highly elliptical orbit by a Molniya-M rocket from Plesetsk at 20:00 UT on 19 June 2003. It will be the last in the Molniya 3 series. 27834 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-0619 Launch Vehicle: Molniya-M Launch Site: Plesetsk, Russia Funding Agency Unknown (Russia) Disciplines Communications Surveillance and Other Military Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for Molniya 353 Experiments on Molniya 353 Data collections from Molniya 3-53 Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-029A[14/10/2010 0:26:33] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel Monitor-E/Breeze Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-031A Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description MONITOR-E/Breeze is a Russian mockup of a MONITORE(arth) satellite that remained unseparated from the BreezeKM upper stage. 27840 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-0630 Launch Vehicle: Rokot Launch Site: Plesetsk, Russia Funding Agency Unknown (Russia) Discipline Earth Science Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for MonitorE/Breeze Experiments on MonitorE/Breeze Data collections from Monitor-E/Breeze Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-031A[14/10/2010 0:27:41] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel Most Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-031D Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description MOST is a Canadian (CSA) astronomy satellite that was launched by a Rokot rocket from Plesetsk at 14:15 UT on 30 June 2003. The 65 x 65 x 30 cm, 51 kg satellite carries a 60 cm aperture reflecting telescope to monitor the brightness variations in a star caused by soundwaves on its surface, or from reflections from an orbiting planet. Because of its light weight and low cost, it has been dubbed as Humble Telescope. 27843 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-0630 Launch Vehicle: Rokot Launch Site: Plesetsk, Russia Funding Agency Canadian Space Agency (Canada) Discipline Astronomy Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for Most Experiments on Most Data collections from Most Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. Personnel Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail Dr. Jaymie Matthews Mission Principal Investigator University of British Columbia [email protected] + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-031D[14/10/2010 0:28:19] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-031D[14/10/2010 0:28:19] NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel Mozhayets 4 Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-042A Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description Mozhayets 4 is a Russian cadets' training satelite that was launched by a Kosmos 3M rocket from Plesetsk at 06:12 UT on 27 September 2003. It will help in laser-assisted geodesic measurements via its optical reflectors. 27939 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-0927 Launch Vehicle: Kosmos-3M Launch Site: Plesetsk, Russia Funding Agency Unknown (Russia) Discipline Other Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for Mozhayets 4 Experiments on Mozhayets 4 Data collections from Mozhayets 4 Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-042A[14/10/2010 0:29:08] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel Navstar 51 Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-005A Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description Navstar 51 (also known as USA 166, and as GPS 2R-8) is the latest to join the American (DoD) fleet of Global Positioning Satellites. It was launched by a Delta 2 rocket from Cape Canaveral at 18:06 UT on January 29 2003. The fleet is operating in full capacity with 24 spacecraft (in six planes, with four satellites in each). GPS 2R-8 will replace the aging GPS 2A-18, which will be shifted away in its Plane-B and then retired. USA 166 GPS 2-R-8 27663 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-0129 Launch Vehicle: Delta II Launch Site: Cape Canaveral, United States Funding Agency Department of Defense (United States) Discipline Navigation & Global Positioning Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for Navstar 51 Experiments on Navstar 51 Data collections from Navstar 51 Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-005A[14/10/2010 0:30:02] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel Navstar 52 Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-010A Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description Navstar 52, also known as USA 168 and as GPS 2R-9, is an American Global Positioning Satellite that was launched by a Delta 2 rocket from Cape Canaveral AFS at 22:09 UT on 31 March 2003. It will replace the aging GPS 2-5 in the fleet (of 28 satellites). USA 168 27704 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-0331 Launch Vehicle: Delta II Launch Site: Cape Canaveral, United States Funding Agency Unknown (United States) Discipline Navigation & Global Positioning Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for Navstar 52 Experiments on Navstar 52 Data collections from Navstar 52 Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-010A[14/10/2010 0:30:39] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel Navstar 53 Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-058A Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description Navstar 53, also known as USA 175, as GPS 2R-10, and as SVN-47, is an American navigational satellite in the GPS fleet. It was launched by a Delta 2 rocket from Cape Canaveral AFS at 07:50 UT on 21 December 2003. It will replace the aging but still operational GPS 2A-10 craft in Plane-E and Slot-2. The GPS constellation consists of 24 satellites split into six orbital planes with four in each plane, all in circular orbits of altitude 20,200 km, and inclination of 55 degrees. There are also four additional satellites orbiting as reserves. The full list is available at http://leonardo.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/Programs/gps.html USA 175 GPS 2R-10 SVN-47 28129 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-1221 Launch Vehicle: Delta II Launch Site: Cape Canaveral, United States Funding Agency Unknown (United States) Discipline Navigation & Global Positioning Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for Navstar 53 Experiments on Navstar 53 Data collections from Navstar 53 Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-058A[14/10/2010 0:31:35] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel Nigeriasat 1 Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-042C Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description Nigeriasat 1 is a Nigerian DMC (multinational Disaster Monitoring Constellation) satellite that was launched by a Kosmos 3M rocket from Plesetsk at 06:12 UT on 27 September 2003. It carries imaging cameras for disaster monitoring, urban planning and agriculture. 27941 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-0927 Launch Vehicle: Kosmos-3M Launch Site: Plesetsk, Russia Funding Agency Unknown (Nigeria) Discipline Other Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for Nigeriasat 1 Experiments on Nigeriasat 1 Data collections from Nigeriasat 1 Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-042C[14/10/2010 0:33:01] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel Opportunity Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-032A Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Opportunity Description "Opportunity" (Mars Exploration Rover B or MER-1) is one of the two rovers launched to Mars in mid-2003. The rovers arrived at Mars in January of 2004 equipped with a battery of scientific instruments and will be able to traverse 100 meters a day. The nominal plan calls for the missions to last for 90 days, until April 2004, but it is likely the mission will last beyond this time. The scientific goals of the rover missions are to gather data to help determine if life ever arose on Mars, characterize the climate of Mars, characterize the geology of Mars, and prepare for human exploration of Mars. To achieve these goals, seven science objectives are called for: 1) search for and characterize a variety of rocks and soils that hold clues to past water activity, 2) determine the distribution and composition of minerals, rocks, and soils surrounding the landing sites, 3) determine what geologic processes have shaped the local terrain and influenced the chemistry 4) perform "ground truth" of surface observations made by Mars orbiter instruments, 5) search for iron-bearing minerals, identify and quantify relative amounts of specific mineral types tha contain water or were formed in water, 6) characterize the mineralogy and textures of rocks and soils and determine the processes that created them, and 7) search for geological clues to the environmental conditions that existed when liquid water was present and assess whether those environments were conducive to life. Spacecraft and Subsystems The Mars Exploration Rover consists of a box-like chassis mounted on six wheels. The chassis contains the warm electronics box (WEB). On top of the WEB is the triangular rover equipment deck, on which is mounted the Pancam mast assembly, high gain, low gain, and UHF antennas, and a camera calibration target. Attached to the two forward sides of the equipment deck are solar arrays which are level with the deck and extend outward with the appearance of a pair of swept-back wings. Attached to the lower front of the WEB is the instrument deployment device, a long hinged arm which protrudes in front of the rover. The wheels are attached to a rocker-bogie suspension system. Each wheel has its own motor and the two front and two rear wheels are independently steerable. The rover has a top speed of 5 cm per second, but the average speed over time on flat hard ground would be 1 cm/sec or less due to the hazard avoidance protocols. The rover is designed to withstand a tilt of 45 degrees without falling over, but is programmed to avoid exceeding tilts of 30 degrees. The warm electronics box houses the computer, batteries, and other electronic components. The box is designed to protect these components http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-032A[14/10/2010 0:36:26] Alternate Names MER 1 Mars Exploration Rover 1 Mars Exploration Rover B MER-B 27849 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-0708 Launch Vehicle: Delta II 7925 Launch Site: Cape Canaveral, United States Mass: 185.0 kg Funding Agency NOAA National Environmental Satellite Service (United States) Discipline Planetary Science Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for Opportunity PDMP information for Opportunity Telecommunications information for Opportunity Experiments on Opportunity Data collections from Opportunity NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details and control their temperature. Thermal control is achieved through the use of gold paint, aerogel insulation, heaters, thermostats, and radiators. Power is provided by the solar arrays, generating up to 140 W of power under full Sun conditions. The energy is stored in two rechargeable batteries. Communications with Earth are in Xband via the high gain directional dish antenna and the low gain omni-directional antenna. Communications with orbiting spacecraft are through the UHF antenna. The onboard computer has 128 Mb RAM. An inertial measurement unit provides 3-axis information on position. The rover carries a suite of instruments for science and navigation. The panoramic camera (Pancam) and navigation cameras are mounted on top of the Pancam mast assembly, at a height of about 1.4 meters from the base of the wheels. The mast, mounted at the front of the equipment deck, also acts as a periscope for the Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer (Mini-TES). Attached to the end of the instrument deployment device are the Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS), Mossbauer Spectrometer (MB), Microscopic Imager (MI), and Rock Abrasion Tool (RAT). A magnet array is attached to the front of the equipment deck. Two hazard avoidance cameras are mounted on the front of the rover and two on the rear. The group of science instruments (Pancam, Mini-TES, APXS, MB, MI, and RAT) is known as the Athena science package. The rover will be compactly stowed in a tetrahedron shaped landing platform and encased in an aeroshell consisting of a heat shield and a backshell for launch, cruise, and atmospheric entry. The lander platform has a mass of 348 kg, the backshell and parachute 209 kg, and the heat shield 78 kg. The cruise stage mass is 193 kg and propellant mass is 50 kg. Mission Profile Opportunity was launched on a heavy Delta II 7925H on 8 July 2003 at 03:18:15 UT (July 7, 11:18:15 p.m. EDT). After insertion into a circular Earth parking orbit, the spacecraft third stage reignited and put the craft on a trajectory to Mars, after which the aeroshell, lander, and rover separated from the third stage. The cruise phase to Mars ended on 11 December 2003, 45 days before Mars entry. The approach phase lasted from this date until martian atmospheric entry on 25 January 2004. On entry the lander and components had a mass of 827 kg and were travelling at 19,300 km/hr. The aeroshell decelerated the lander in the upper martian atmosphere for about four minutes to a velocity of 1600 km/hr, followed by deployment of a parachute. The parachute slowed the spacecraft to about 300 km/hr. A series of tones transmitted by the spacecraft during entry and after landing indicated the successful completion of each phase. Just prior to impact, at an altitude of about 100 m, retrorockets slowed the descent and airbags inflated to cushion the impact. The craft hit at roughly 50 km/hr and bounced and rolled along the surface, stopping in a small crater. The airbags deflated and retracted, the petals opened, and the rover deployed its solar arrays. The landing took place at 5:05 UT (Earth received time), 12:05 a.m. EST or approximately 1:15 p.m. local time, about two and a half hours before Earth set at Terra Meridiani. On Mars it was the latter half of southern summer. The landing ellipse is centered at 2.07 S, 6.08 W and is roughly 119 by 17 km oriented at 88 degrees. Terra Meridiani is also known as the "Hematite Site" because it displays evidence of coarse-grained hematite, an iron-rich mineral which typically forms in water. It also appears to be one of the smoothest and therefore safest areas for a landing. http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-032A[14/10/2010 0:36:26] Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Dr. David R. Williams. NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details An egress phase took place over the first 4 days, involving deployment of the Pancam mast and high gain antenna, rover stand up, imaging and calibration, selection of proper egress path, and finally driving of the rover off the lander deck onto the martian surface. Over three years of surface operations, involving driving the rover, imaging, and use of the science instruments has already been achieved, the Opportunity rover has covered over 10 km and continues to operate. Personnel Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail Ms. Joy Anne Crisp Project Scientist NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory [email protected] Mr. Peter C Theisinger Project Manager NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory [email protected] Dr. James B. Garvin Program Scientist NASA Headquarters [email protected] Dr. Firouz M. Naderi Program Manager NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory [email protected] Selected References Crisp, J. A., et al., Mars Exploration Rover mission, J. Geophys. Res., 108, No. E12, 8061, doi:10.1029/2002JE002038, 2003. Squyres, S. W., et al., Athena Mars rover science investigation, J. Geophys. Res., 108, No. E12, 8062, doi:10.1029/2003JE002121, 2003. Squyres, S. W., et al., The Opportunity Rover's Athena Science Investigation at Meridiani Planum, Mars, Science, 306, No. 5702, 1698-1703, Dec. 2004. Cook, R. A., The Mars exploration rover project, Acta Astronaut., 57, No. 2-8, 116-120, 2005. Squyres, S. W., et al., Two years at Meridiani Planum: Results from the Opportunity Rover, Science, 313, No. 5792, 1403-1407, Sept. 2006. Squyres, S. W., et al., Overview of the Opportunity Mars Exploration Rover Mission to Meridiani Planum: Eagle Crater to Purgatory Ripple, J. Geophys. Res., 111, E12S12, doi:10.1029/2006JE002771, 2006. http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-032A[14/10/2010 0:36:26] NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details "Opportunity" images from Meridiani Planum Mars Exploration Rover "Spirit" Page Labelled Diagram of the Mars Exploration Rover NASA Mars Rovers Braving Severe Dust Storms - NASA Press Release 20 July 2007 Durable Mars Rovers Sent Into Third Overtime Period - NASA Press Release 5 April 2005 Opportunity Rover Finds Strong Evidence Meridiani Planum Was Wet - NASA Press Release 2 March 2004 Mars Rovers Head for Exciting Landings in January - NASA Press Release 2 December 2003 NASA Selects 28 Participating Scientists for Mars Rover Mission - NASA Press Release 29 May 2002 NASA Plans to Send Rover Twins to Mars in 2003 - NASA Press Release 10 August 2000 Announcement of Rover Option - NASA Press Release 27 July 2000 Mars Pathfinder Rover Mars Exploration Rover Home Page - NASA JPL Athena Science Package Site - Cornell University Mars Home Page Mars Fact Sheet + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-032A[14/10/2010 0:36:26] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel Optus 1C Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-028B Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description Optus 1C is an Australian dual-use (civil-military) geostationary satellite that was launched by an Ariane 5 rocket from Kourou at 22:38 UT on 11 June 2003. The 4.7 tonne satellite carries 24 Ku-band civilian transponders and eight military transponders. The civilian part of the payload will enable video and internet links to Australia, New Zealand and East Asia, after parking over 156 deg-E longitude. 27831 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-0611 Launch Vehicle: Ariane 5 Launch Site: Kourou, French Guiana Funding Agency Unknown (Australia) Discipline Communications Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for Optus 1C Experiments on Optus 1C Data collections from Optus 1C Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-028B[14/10/2010 0:37:45] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel Orbview 3 Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-030A Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description Orbview 3 is an American photo-imaging minisatellite that was launched at 18:55 UT on 26 June 2003 by a Pegasus rocket that was released from an L-1011 cargo plane flying out of Vandenberg AFB. The 304 kg satellite carries high-resolution cameras to enable black-and-white images at 1.0 meter resolution and color images at 4.0 meter resolution. 27838 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-0626 Launch Vehicle: Pegasus Launch Site: Vandenberg AFB, United States Funding Agency Unknown (United States) Discipline Surveillance and Other Military Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for Orbview 3 Experiments on Orbview 3 Data collections from Orbview 3 Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-030A[14/10/2010 0:38:37] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel Progress M-47 Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-006A Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description Progress M-47 is a Russian automatic cargo carrier that was launched by a Soyuz-U rocket from Baikonur at 12:59 UT on 2 February 2003. It was the 100th launch of the Progress craft series (with 43 Progress, 46 Progress-M, nine Progress M1, and one Progress M-SO1). It transported food, fuel, and equipment to the ISS and docked automatically with the Zvezda module of the ISS at 14:49 UT on 4 February. The previously docked Progress M1-9 had been undocked and deorbited in advance. 27681 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-0202 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz-U Launch Site: Tyuratam (Baikonur Cosmodrome), Kazakhstan Funding Agency Unknown (Russia) Discipline Resupply/Refurbishment/Repair Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for Progress M-47 Experiments on Progress M-47 Data collections from Progress M-47 Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-006A[14/10/2010 0:39:34] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel Progress M-48 Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-039A Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description Progress M-48 is a Russian automatic cargo carrier that was launched by a Soyuz-FG rocket from Baikonur at 01.47 UT on 29 August 2003. It carried 2.6 tonne of food, fuel, water, and equipment to be delivered to the International Space Station (ISS). It docked automatically with the Zvezda module of the ISS at 3:45 UT on 31 August 2003. In anticipation, the previous carrier, PROGRESS M-47, containing the trash from the ISS was undocked and deorbited on 27 August. 27873 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-0829 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz FG Launch Site: Tyuratam (Baikonur Cosmodrome), Kazakhstan Funding Agency Unknown (Russia) Discipline Resupply/Refurbishment/Repair Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for Progress M-48 Experiments on Progress M-48 Data collections from Progress M-48 Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-039A[14/10/2010 0:41:17] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel Progress M1-10 Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-025A Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description Progress M1-10 is a Russian automatic cargo carrier that was launched by a Soyuz-U rocket form Baikonur at 10:34 UT on 8 June 2003. It docked at 11:15 UT on 11 June with the PIRS module of the International Space Station (ISS) automatically and delivered 2.3 tonnes of food, fuel, water, and scientific/engineering equipment. 27823 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-0608 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz-U Launch Site: Tyuratam (Baikonur Cosmodrome), Kazakhstan Funding Agency Unknown (Russia) Discipline Resupply/Refurbishment/Repair Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for Progress M1-10 Experiments on Progress M1-10 Data collections from Progress M1-10 Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-025A[14/10/2010 0:42:15] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel Quakesat Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-031F Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description Quakesat is an American photo-imaging nanosatellite that was launched by a Rokot rocket at 14:15 UT on 30 June 2003. It is equipped with an earthquake detection instrument. 27845 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-0630 Launch Vehicle: Rokot Launch Site: Plesetsk, Russia Funding Agency Unknown (United States) Discipline Surveillance and Other Military Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for Quakesat Experiments on Quakesat Data collections from Quakesat Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-031F[14/10/2010 0:43:03] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel Rainbow 1 Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-033A Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description RAINBOW 1 is an American geostationary communications satellite that was launched by an Atlas 5 rocket from Cape Canaveral at 23:45 UT on 17 July 2003. The 4.3 tonne satellite will provide direct-to- home television services in the contiguous United States through its several transponders. Parking longitude is not available. 27852 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-0717 Launch Vehicle: Atlas V Launch Site: Cape Canaveral, United States Funding Agency Unknown (United States) Discipline Communications Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for Rainbow 1 Experiments on Rainbow 1 Data collections from Rainbow 1 Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-033A[14/10/2010 0:44:09] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel Rubin 4 Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-042B Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description Rubin 4 is a German satellite that was launched by a Kosmos 3M rocket from Plesetsk at 06:12 UT on 27 September 2003. It remained attached to the upper stage of the rocket so as to monitor its position, velocity, and acceleration. 27940 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-0927 Launch Vehicle: Kosmos-3M Launch Site: Plesetsk, Russia Funding Agency Unknown (Federal Republic of Germany) Discipline Communications Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for Rubin 4 Experiments on Rubin 4 Data collections from Rubin 4 Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-042B[14/10/2010 0:45:00] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel Scisat 1 Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-036A Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Description SCISAT 1 is a Canadian (CSA) atmospheric research satellite that was launched at 02:10 UT by a Pegasus XL rocket released from a an L-1011 cargo plane flying out of Vandenberg AFB on 13 August 2003. The 152 kg, 70 W, "bias momentum stabilized" spacecraft points to the Sun at one degree accuracy, and carries two instruments, FTS and MAESTRO, to monitor the atmospheric ozone and dust composition in the 4-100 km altitude range. More details of the mission and the instruments are available via http://www.space.gc.ca/asc/eng/ Alternate Names Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) ACE 27858 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-0813 Launch Vehicle: Pegasus XL Launch Site: Vandenberg AFB, United States Funding Agency Canadian Space Agency (Canada) Discipline Earth Science Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for Scisat 1 Experiments on Scisat 1 Data collections from Scisat 1 Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. Personnel http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-036A[14/10/2010 0:45:30] NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Name Role Dr. Peter F. Bernath Mission Scientist + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-036A[14/10/2010 0:45:30] Original Affiliation E-mail [email protected] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel SERVIS 1 Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-050A Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description SERVIS 1 (Space Environment Reliability Verification Integrated System) is Japanese test satellite that was launched by a Rokot rocket from Plesetsk at 13:43 UT on 30 October. The 900 kg, 1.4 x 1.4 x 2.3 m, 1.2 kW satellite carries mostly commercially available off-the-shelf household items like PCs and cell phones so as to ascertain the viability of such inexpensive satellites. It carries parts evaluation monitors also to measure the degradation due to gamma rays and energetic particles. Space Environment Reliability Verification Integrated System 28060 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-1030 Launch Vehicle: Rokot Launch Site: Plesetsk, Russia Funding Agency Unknown (Japan) Discipline Other Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for SERVIS 1 Experiments on SERVIS 1 Data collections from SERVIS 1 Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-050A[14/10/2010 0:45:51] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Thursday, 14 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search National Space Science Data Center Header Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel Shenzhou 5 Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-045A Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description Shenzhou 5 was the fifth spacecraft in a series of launches which was designed to demonstrate the feasibility of sending a human into space by the People's Republic of China and the first to contain a human presence. The spacecraft was manned by Lt. Col. Yang Liwei, who orbited the Earth for nearly 21.5 hours before landing in the grasslands of Inner Mongolia at 22:23 UTC (6:23 a.m. local time). While in orbit the taikonaut dined on specially prepared versions of Chinese food, talked with his wife and son, and took a three hour nap in addition to performing various planned activities. A total of 14 orbits were made. The Shenzhou spacecraft is based on the three-seat Russian Soyuz capsule, although extensive modifications have been made. Although the budget for China's space program was a closelyheld secret, the government announced that it had spent $2.18 billion up to the point of this launch. Divine Vessel 5 28043 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-1015 Launch Vehicle: Long March 2F Launch Site: Jiuquan, Peoples Republic of China Funding Agency China National Space Administration (Peoples Republic of China) Discipline Shenzhou 5 Human Crew Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for Shenzhou 5 Experiments on Shenzhou 5 Data collections from Shenzhou 5 Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-045A[14/10/2010 0:48:12] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 SHENZHOU 5 ESPECIAL MISIÓN SHENZHOU 5. PRIMERA MISIÓN TRIPULADA DE CHINA Lanzamiento: miércoles 15 de octubre - 01:00 GMT Aterrizaje: miércoles 15 de octubre - 22:23 GMT El primer chino que ha sido puesto en el espacio regresó satisfactoriamente a la Tierra este miércoles 15 de octubre. Con este retorno, China se une a la Unión Soviética y a Estados Unidos en el exclusivo club de las naciones que han conquistado el espacio. Suspendida en el aire con un gran paracaídas, la cápsula espacial en la que viajaba Yang Liwei aterrizó en las praderas del interior de Mongolia hacia las 6.23 a.m (hora local), tras 21 horas de odisea que le llevó a dar 14 vueltas alrededor de la Tierra. Yang apareció unos quince minutos después del aterrizaje, saludando y con aspecto cansado. Apenas pronunció tres frases antes de volar hacia Pekín: “ La nave operó suavemente; me siento bien; estoy orgulloso de mi patria.” Su retorno ha supuesto el final feliz para el primer viaje espacial chino, que tiene lugar cuadro décadas después de que el cosmonauta soviético Yuri Gagarin y el americano Alan Shepard se convirtieran en los primeros tripulantes de vuelos espaciales en 1961. Esta misión culmina el programa espacial iniciado por Mao Zedong en 1958, aunque éste fue inmediatamente abandonado durante la guerra fría. Un año después, China lanzó su primer satélite a bordo del cohete Long March, difundiendo el himno de la Revolución Cultural “El Este es Rojo.” La hazaña refleja el poder emergente de China, miembro permanente del Consejo de Seguridad de la ONU y una de las economías con mayor crecimiento. También ha sido elegida como sede de los Juegos Olímpicos de 2.008. “Nuestro héroe espacial Yang Liwei salió de la cápsula por su pie. Nuestro primer vuelo tripulado ha sido un completo éxito”, afirmó el comandante de la misión Li Jinai. En una misión que parece contrarreloj, un cohete Long March 2F chino despegó hacia un despejado cielo azul sobre el desierto del Gobi (01:00 GMT del miércoles), alcanzando su órbita predeterminada diez minutos después. Yang realizó varias actualizaciones de sus condiciones a lo largo del viaje. La última de ellas, cuando la cápsula flotaba sobre el campo tras la re-entrada. También contactó con su mujer cuando el Shenzou V, también llamada “Nave Divina V” comenzaba su octava vuelta a la Tierra, asegurándole desde el espacio: “Me siento bien, no te preocupes.” Yang, un teniente coronel del Ejército de Liberación del Pueblo, fue elegido entre catorce aspirantes. Es originario de la provincia china de Liaoning. Los medios estatales afirmaron que la cápsula de Yang portaba una pistola, un cuchillo y una tienda de campaña para el caso de que aterrizase en un lugar equivocado. Esta misión ha recibido muchas felicitaciones. En los Estados Unidos, el director de la NASA, Sean O’Keefe, describió el lanzamiento como un acontecimiento muy importante. El Secretario General de la ONU, Kofi Annan, afirmó que “cuando la exploración espacial no conoce límites nacionales, la misión del Shenzou-V es un paso adelante para toda la humanidad.” La tripulación que está a punto de despegar hacia la Estación Espacial Internacional afirmó que China es un serio competidor en la carrera por la supremacía en el espacio. “¿Es China una potencia rival? Naturalmente, no sólo en el espacio, sino en aspectos comerciales, económicos, incluso militares,” afirmó el astronauta norteamericano Michael Foale, comandante de la 8ª Expedición a la ISS. Un tupido velo de secreto ha cubierto todo el programa espacial chino. El Estado retrasó la transmisión de televisión, tanto la del lanzamiento como la del aterrizaje. NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Saturday, 16 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel SMART 1 Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-043C Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events SMART 1 Description The SMART-1 (Small Missions for Advanced Research in Technology 1) is a lunar orbiter designed to test spacecraft technologies for future missions. It entered initial lunar orbit on 13 November 2004. The primary technology being tested is a solar-powered ion drive. It will also carry an experimental deep-space telecommunications system and an instrument payload to monitor the ion drive and study the Moon. The primary scientific objectives of the mission are to return data on the geology, morphology, topography, mineralogy, geochemistry, and exospheric environment of the Moon in order to answer questions about planetary formation accretional processes, origin of the Earth-Moon system, the lunar near/far side dichotomy, long-term volcanic and tectonic activity, thermal and dynamical processes involved in lunar evolution, and water ice and external processes on the surface. Spacecraft and Subsystems SMART-1 is a box-shaped spacecraft roughly a meter on a side with two large solar panel wings spanning 14 meters extending from opposite sides. The launch mass, including fuel, is 366.5 kg, the mass at the time it reaches the Moon should be about 305 kg. A solar-electric propulsion system (a Stationary Plasma Hall-effect thruster, PPS-1350) uses xenon gas as a propellant by ionizing the xenon and accelerating and discharging the plasma from the spacecraft at high speed. Electrons are also released into the flow to maintain a neutral charge on the spacecraft. A thrust of 70 milliNewtons and a specific impulse of 1600 s is produced. 82 kg of supercritical xenon propellant will be carried aboard SMART-1 in a tank mounted in the center of the structure above the thruster. The spacecraft is three-axis stabilized using four skewed reaction wheels and eight 1-N hydrazine thrusters mounted on the corners of the spacecraft bus. Attitude knowledge is provided by a star tracker, sun sensor, and angular rate sensors. 1850 W of power is produced from an array of gallium-indiumphosphide gallium arsenide germanium (GaInP/GaAs/Ge) solar cells covering an active surface on the wings of about 10 square meters. Solar array power is regulated to 50 V in the power control and distribution unit and distributed via solidstate power controllers. Power is stored in five 130-Whr lithium ion battery cells. Roughly 75% of the power is used to run the propulsion system during flight. Thermal control is achieved through the use of radiators, heat pipes, multilayer insulation blankets, thermistor controlled heaters, and high emissivity optical properties. Communication takes place via a medium gain and two low gain S-band antennas as well as the antenna for the experimental Ka/X system. The medium gain antenna http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-043C[15/10/2010 22:28:53] Alternate Names Small Missions for Advanced Research in Technology 1 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-0927 Launch Vehicle: Ariane 5 Launch Site: Kourou, French Guiana Mass: 305.0 kg Discipline Planetary Science Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for SMART 1 PDMP information for SMART 1 Experiments on SMART 1 Data collections from SMART 1 Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Dr. David R. Williams. NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details provides a telemetry rate of 65 kb/s. The two low gain antennas provide omin-directional ground coverage at 2 kb/s. The medium gain, Ka/X band, and one low gain antenna are mounted on one side panel of the spacecraft bus and the other low gain antenna is mounted on the opposite panel. The spacecraft will carry a suite of science and technology instruments with a total mass of 19 kg. The science instruments include a pan-chromatic camera (AMIE) for lunar imaging, Langmuir probes mounted on booms (SPEDE) to measure the plasma environment, and radio science experiments (RSIS). Science instruments which are being tested as part of the technology verification are a miniaturized visible/near-infrared spectrometer (SIR) for lunar crustal studies, a miniature X-ray spectrometer for astronomy and lunar chemistry (D-CIXS), and an X-ray spectrometer to calibrate D-CIXS and to study the Sun (XSM). The Electric Propulsion Diagnostic package (EPDP) is a multi-sensor suite designed specifically to monitor the ion propulsion system, it also works in concert with the SPEDE to study the space plasma environment. The RSIS is also used to monitor the ion propulsion system. Finally an experimental telecommunication and tracking system, the Ka/X-band TTC (Telemetry and Telecommand) Experiment (KaTE) is included in the payload for technology assessment. The AMIE camera will also be used to support a test of an image-based On-Board Autonomous Navigation (OBAN) system. OBAN is designed to minimize the amount of ground intervention required for the mission. Mission Profile The SMART-1 spacecraft launched on 27 September 2003 from Kourou, French Guiana as an auxiliary passenger on an Ariane-5 Cyclade which launched two other large satellites as its primary payload. It was put into a geostationary transfer orbit, 742 x 36,016 km, inclined at 7 degrees to the equator. The spacecraft used its ion drive over a period of 14 months to elongate its Earth orbit and utilized three lunar resonance maneuvers in August, September, and October 2004 to minimize propellant use. Its final continuous thrust maneuver took place over 100 hours from 10 to 14 October 2004. Lunar orbit capture occurred on 13 November 2004 at a distance of 60,000 km from the lunar surface. The ion engine began firing in orbit at 05:24 UT (12:24 a.m. EST) on 15 November to start a 4.5 day period of thrust to lower the orbit. The first perilune took place on 15 November at 17:48 UTC (12:48 p.m. EST) at an altitude of about 5000 km above the lunar surface. The engine was then used to lower the initial 4962 x 51477 km altitude, 5 day, 9 hour period, 81 degree inclination orbit, putting SMART-1 into a 300 x 3000 km polar orbit. Lunar commissioning began in mid-January 2005 and lunar science operations in February 2005. The mission has been extended from its originally planned 6-month lifetime by a year, so it will now conduct mapping of the Moon's surface and evaluating the new technologies onboard from lunar orbit until August 2006. The xenon-ion engine was shut down in September 2005 after exhausting its fuel supply. It operated for almost 5000 hours and underwent 843 starts and stops. SMART-1 performed a controlled crash into the Moon at about 2 km/sec on 3 September 2006, at 5:42 UT in the mid-southern region of the near side of the Moon in Lacus Excellentiae (Lake of Excellence) at 34.4 S, 46.2 W. The total cost of the spacecraft is estimated at 100 million euros in 2001 economic conditions (~$90 million U.S.). Personnel http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-043C[15/10/2010 22:28:53] NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail Dr. Guiseppe D. Racca Project Manager ESA-European Space Research and Technology Centre [email protected] Dr. Bernard Foing Project Scientist ESA-European Space Research and Technology Centre [email protected] Selected References Foing, B. H., et al., SMART-1 mission to the Moon: Technology and science goals, Adv. Space Res., 31, No. 11, 2323-2333, 2003. Racca, G. D., et al., SMART-1 mission description and development status, Planet. Space Sci., 50, 1323-1337, 2002. Foing, B. H., et al., The ESA SMART-1 mission to the Moon with solar electric propulsion, Adv. Space Res., 23, No. 11, 1865-1870, 1999. Rathsman, P., et al., SMART-1: Development and lessons learnt, Acta Astronaut., 57, No. 2-8, 455-468, 2005. Foing, B. H., et al., SMART-1 after lunar capture: First results and perspectives, J. Earth Syst. Sci., 114, No. 6, 689-697, Dec. 2005. Foing, B. H., et al., SMART-1 mission to the Moon: Status, first results and goals, Adv. Space Res., 37, No. 1, 6-13, 2006. SMART 1 Stationary Plasma Thruster (Credit ESA) SMART 1 Status Reports Impact landing ends SMART-1 mission to the Moon - ESA Press Release, 3 September 2006 Europe rediscovers the Moon with SMART-1 - ESA Press Release, 17 August 2006 Europe Reaches the Moon - ESA Press Release, 16 November 2004 SMART 1 leaves Earth on a long journey to the Moon - ESA Press Release (28 September 2003) SMART 1 Home Page - ESA SMART 1 Mission Review - ESA ESA Home Page - Italy http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-043C[15/10/2010 22:28:53] NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details SMART 1 image of Pythagoras Crater (Credit ESA) Moon Home Page + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-043C[15/10/2010 22:28:53] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 Smart 1 DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA MISIÓN: La Agencia Espacial Europea (ESA) posee un programa de pequeñas sondas de bajo coste denominadas genéricamente SMART (Small Missions for Advanced Research in Technology) que permiten probar nuevas tecnologías de comunicaciones y navegación que serán luego aplicadas a otras misiones de mayor tamaño. La sonda SMART-1 cuyo destino es La Luna, es la primera en ver la luz de todo el proyecto y su objetivo primario es probar un nuevo sistema de propulsión llamado 'solar eléctrico' o 'propulsión iónica' que será usado posteriormente en la misión BepiColombo a Mercurio entre otras. Hasta ahora la única sonda en usar este sistema ha sido la Deep Space 1 de la NASA en 1.998. Además de este sistema de propulsión llevará varios instrumentos científicos para estudiar la Luna. Esta nave con un peso total de 350kg. es la primera que la ESA envía a nuestro satélite y se espera que lo orbite durante al menos 6 meses. Será enviada al espacio desde la Guayana Francesa, como carga secundaria en un Ariane 5 en septiembre de 2.003. La sonda será controlada desde el Centro Europeo de Operaciones Espaciales (European Space Operations Centre, ESOC, en Darmstadt, Alemania). SISTEMA DE PROPULSIÓN: Ha sido desarrollado por la empresa SNECMA de Francia y utiliza el sistema conocido como 'propulsión eléctrica por iones', basado en el uso del gas xenón como propelente y los paneles solares como fuente de energía eléctrica, proporcionando una fuerza de empuje total de 70 miliNewtons, que la sonda utilizará para ir aumentando progresivamente su órbita en forma de espiral hasta alcanzar la Luna. Además de la propulsión, la sonda utilizará las técnicas de sobrevuelo y de los puntos de Lagrange lunares para ahorrar combustible y completar su recorrido hasta nuestro satélite que será de unos 16 meses. Otros dos instrumentos llamados SPEDE y EPDP medirán los datos y comportamientos del sistema de propulsión durante el viaje. La misión usa un sistema electrostático conocido como motor de efecto Hall. El modelo para la misión llamado PSS-1350 desarrollado por SNECMA usa el gas xenón como propelente. Es un aparato muy compacto construido alrededor de una cámara de cerámica de forma anular de 10 cms de diámetro rodeada de imanes. En un lado se sitúa el cátodo que es un aparato que crea electrones. Estos electrones atraviesan una cámara anular y son atrapados por campos magnéticos, los electrones chocan con el gas xenón que entra en la cámara y forma iones de xenón cargados positivamente y más electrones. Esos electrones son usados otra vez para acelerar los iones, los cuales salen disparados de la cámara acelerados por el campo eléctrico creado por los electrones del cátodo. Estos iones brillan con una característica luz azul. El empuje producido por el motor del SMART-1 es apenas perceptible, el equivalente al ejercido por un trozo de papel en la palma de la mano, pero tiene la ventaja de que funciona por largos periodos de tiempo (lo que no ocurre en los motores químicos), por lo que a la larga la sonda adquiere una mayor velocidad. Para las misiones interplanetarias, a pesar de tener un impulso bajo, al acumularse durante largos periodos de tiempo de manera continua, la nave alcanzará su destino antes que otra dotada con un motor químico. ÓRBITAS DE LA MISIÓN: De la Tierra a La Luna Órbita de acercamiento a La Luna FECHAS PRINCIPALES: Lanzamiento: 27 de septiembre 2.003 Llegada a La Luna: diciembre 2.004 Fin de la misión: junio 2.005 - diciembre 2.006 INSTRUMENTOS SMART-1: De los siete instrumentos de a bordo, tres están destinados a la monitorización de los sistemas de propulsión eléctrica y los otros son para telecomunicaciones experimentales y tres para investigaciones lunares. AMIE, Asteroid-Moon Micro-Imager Experiment: Es una cámara miniaturizada de alta resolución para fotografiar la superficie lunar, desarrollada por el Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique (CSEM) en Neuchatel, Suiza. Su peso total es de sólo 450 gramos y está diseñada para tomar imágenes en color, almacenarlas en memoria propia, comprimir las imágenes y enviarlas a la computadora de la nave. Posee un CCD de 1.024x1.024 pixeles con un campo de visión de 5,3 grados, alcanzando una resolución de 50 metros/pixel. Puede funcionar en luz visible, infrarrojo y ultravioleta gracias a los filtros que lleva incorporados. - SIR: Espectrómetro de infrarrojo cercano entre los 900 y los 2.400 nm, para investigar los minerales de la superficie de la Luna desarrollado por el Max Planck Institute für Aeronomie (MPAe) en Garching, Alemania. Podrá distinguir entre varios componentes de la superficie como los piroxenos, olivinos y feldespatos. - D-CIXS: Espectrómetro de Rayos-X miniaturizado para determinar la composición de la superficie lunar. Funciona analizando los rayos-X reflejados en la superficie lunar y que provienen del Sol. Como cada elemento tiene su propia huella, el espectrómetro podrá determinar la composición del terreno. Posee un sub-instrumento llamado XSM que es un sensor de rayos-X que medirá la radiación X del Sol para calibrar al D-CIXS. De camino a la Luna estudiarán otras fuentes de rayos-X de nuestro sistema solar y la galaxia. Se ha desarrollado en el Rutherford Appleton Laboratory del Reino Unido, la Universidad Politécnica de Catalunya y el Instituto de Estudios Espaciales. Nos dará un mapa global de la composición y distribución de los minerales (magnesio, aluminio, silicio, hierro...). - KaTE: Demostrador tecnológico de telemetría y comunicaciones digitales en el espacio profundo en las bandas X y Ka. De esta manera en el futuro se usarán sistemas de comunicación con las sondas más efectivos y menos costosos. Se realizará un experimento de radio (RSIS) que observará el comportamiento del sistema de propulsión. Servirá como test para la futura misión a Mercurio que utilizará este medio junto a la cámara de imágenes para medir la libración del planeta y su estructura interna. - Laser Link Experiment: Usando la Estación Óptica de Seguimiento de Tenerife se realizará este experimento que servirá estudiar las comunicaciones ópticas entre la Tierra y la nave y además probará el sistema autónomo de navegación. Este sistema de comunicaciones por láser permitirá a futuras sondas enviar muchísima más cantidad de información en menos tiempo. - OBAN, Onboard Autonomous Navigation: Desarrolla un sistema experimental que permite a la sonda actuar de forma autónoma sin tener que esperar los comandos y órdenes que le llegan desde la Tierra y actuar de forma independiente. Estos sistemas de navegación fueron probados con gran éxito en la sonda Deep Space 1 de la NASA y permite que en situaciones de emergencia, la nave decida que es lo que tiene que hacer en cada momento. Esto no implica que la sonda pueda cambiar su rumbo, sino simplemente ajustar la trayectoria y actuar en el caso de que se produzca una llamarada solar. - SPEDE/EPDP: Medirá los efectos que produce el motor iónico sobre el resto de la sonda y su funcionamiento. Estos efectos serán físicos, mecánicos, térmicos y eléctricos. NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Saturday, 16 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel SORCE Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-004A Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description SORCE (SOlar Radiation and Climate Experiment) is an American (NASA) Sun-Earth Connection satellite that was launched at 20:13 UT by a Pegasus XL rocket released from a L-1011 cargo aircraft flying out of Cape Canaveral. It is to measure solar irradiance in a number of wavelength-bands through three spectrometers and a photometer. The URL http://lasp.colorado.edu/sorce/ provides much detailed descriptions of the experiments and data availability. The PI is Gary J. Rottman of LASP, University of Colorado, Boulder, with many co-investigators. SOlar Radiation and Climate Experiment 27651 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-0125 Launch Vehicle: Pegasus XL Launch Site: Cape Canaveral, United States Funding Agency National Aeronautics and Space Administration (United States) Discipline Solar Physics Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for SORCE Experiments on SORCE Data collections from SORCE Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. Personnel Name Role http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-004A[15/10/2010 22:29:32] Original Affiliation E-mail NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Dr. Thomas P. Sparn Program Manager + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-004A[15/10/2010 22:29:32] University of Colorado [email protected] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Saturday, 16 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel SOYUZ TMA 3 Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-047A Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description Soyuz TMA 3 is a Russian passenger-transporting satellite that was launched by a Soyuz-FG rocket from Baikonur at 05:38 UT on 18 October 2003. It carried three astronauts (a Russian, an American and a Spanish) to the International Space Station (ISS). It docked automatically with the ZARYA module 20 October 2003 and the crew moved into the ISS. The Spanish astronaut will conduct some microgravity life science experiments, code named Cervantes (the author of Don Quixote novel) while in the ISS for about 10 days. The other two crew members will remain in the ISS for a six-month stay, relieving the two astronauts from the previous mission. The two astronauts that had stayed on ISS for six months, plus the Cervantes astronaut returned to Earth in the SOYUZ TMA 2 module (that had remained docked with the ISS) at 02:41 UT on 28 October 2003, soft-landing at the precisely planned location in Kazakhstan. 28052 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-1018 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz FG Launch Site: Tyuratam (Baikonur Cosmodrome), Kazakhstan Funding Agency Unknown (Russia) Disciplines Human Crew Resupply/Refurbishment/Repair Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for SOYUZ TMA 3 Experiments on SOYUZ TMA 3 Data collections from SOYUZ TMA 3 Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-047A[15/10/2010 22:30:26] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 Soyuz TMA-3 Launch, orbit and landing data Launch date: Launch time: Launch site: Launch pad: Altitude: Inclination: Landing date: Landing time: Landing site: 18.10.2003 05:38 UT Baikonur 1 376 - 385 km 51,63° 30.04.2004 00:12 UT 50° 39' N, 67° 27' E Crew No . Surnam e Given name 1 Kaleri Aleksandr Yuriyevich 2 Duque Pedro Francisco 3 Foale Colin Michael Job Commander Flight Engineer Flight Engineer Flight No. 4 2 6 Duration Orbit s 194d 18h 34m 3054 9d 21h 02m 155 194d 18h 34m 3054 Crew seating arrangement Launch 1 Kaleri 2 Duque 3 Foale Landing 1 Kaleri 2 Kuipers 3 Foale Flight Launch from Baikonur; landing 59 km NE of Arkalyk; ISS-expedition 8; "caretaker" crew; docking to ISS; crew replaced expedition 7 crew. Note Duque landed on 28.10.2003 at 02:40 UT with Soyuz TMA-2-spacecraft. Photos / Drawings NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Saturday, 16 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel Soyuz TMA-2 Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-016A Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description Soyuz TMA-2 is a Russian passenger transport craft that was launched by a Soyuz-U rocket from Baikonur at 03:54 UT on 26 April 2003. It carried two astronauts, one Russian and one American, for a six-month stay at the International Space Station (ISS), performing microgravity biology experiments. It docked with the ISS at about 07:00 UT on 28 April 2003. The previous three-man crew in ISS will leave the station on 4 May 2003 on the earlier Soyuz TMA-1 that has remained docked. 27781 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-0426 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz-U Launch Site: Tyuratam (Baikonur Cosmodrome), Kazakhstan Funding Agency Unknown (Russia) Discipline Human Crew Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for Soyuz TMA-2 Experiments on Soyuz TMA-2 Data collections from Soyuz TMA-2 Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-016A[15/10/2010 22:30:54] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 Soyuz TMA-2 Launch, orbit and landing data Launch date: Launch time: Launch site: Launch pad: Altitude: Inclination: Landing date: Landing time: Landing site: 26.04.2003 03:54 UT Baikonur 1 388,2 - 413,2 km 51,67° 28.10.2003 02:40 UT 49° 57' 06" N, 67° 02' 15" E Crew No . 1 2 Surname Given name Malenchenk Yuri o Ivanovich Edward Lu Tsang Job Flight No. Duration Orbit s Commander 3 184d 22h 46m 2890 Flight Engineer 3 184d 22h 46m 2890 Crew seating arrangement Launch 1 Malenchenko 2 Lu 3 Landing 1 Malenchenko 2 Duque 3 Lu Flight Launch from Baikonur; landing 42 km south of Arkalyk in Kazakhstan; ISS-expedition 7; "caretaker" crew; docking to ISS; crew replaced expedition 6 crew. Photos / Drawings NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Saturday, 16 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel Spirit Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-027A Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Spirit Description The "Spirit" rover (Mars Exploration Rover A or MER-2) is one of the two rovers launched to Mars in mid-2003. The rovers arrived at Mars in January of 2004 equipped with a battery of scientific instruments and will be able to traverse 100 meters a day. The nominal plan calls for the missions to last for 90 days, until April 2004, but it is likely the mission will last beyond this time. The scientific goals of the rover missions are to gather data to help determine if life ever arose on Mars, characterize the climate of Mars, characterize the geology of Mars, and prepare for human exploration of Mars. To achieve these goals, seven science objectives are called for: 1) search for and characterize a variety of rocks and soils that hold clues to past water activity, 2) determine the distribution and composition of minerals, rocks, and soils surrounding the landing sites, 3) determine what geologic processes have shaped the local terrain and influenced the chemistry 4) perform "ground truth" of surface observations made by Mars orbiter instruments, 5) search for iron-bearing minerals, identify and quantify relative amounts of specific mineral types tha contain water or were formed in water, 6) characterize the mineralogy and textures of rocks and soils and determine the processes that created them, and 7) search for geological clues to the environmental conditions that existed when liquid water was present and assess whether those environments were conducive to life. Spacecraft and Subsystems The Mars Exploration Rover consists of a box-like chassis mounted on six wheels. The chassis contains the warm electronics box (WEB). On top of the WEB is the triangular rover equipment deck, on which is mounted the Pancam mast assembly, high gain, low gain, and UHF antennas, and a camera calibration target. Attached to the two forward sides of the equipment deck are solar arrays which are level with the deck and extend outward with the appearance of a pair of swept-back wings. Attached to the lower front of the WEB is the instrument deployment device, a long hinged arm which protrudes in front of the rover. The wheels are attached to a rocker-bogie suspension system. Each wheel has its own motor and the two front and two rear wheels are independently steerable. The rover has a top speed of 5 cm per second, but the average speed over time on flat hard ground would be 1 cm/sec or less due to the hazard avoidance protocols. The rover is designed to withstand a tilt of 45 degrees without falling over, but is programmed to avoid exceeding tilts of 30 degrees. The warm electronics box http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-027A[15/10/2010 22:33:36] Alternate Names MER 2 MER-A Mars Exploration Rover A Mars Exploration Rover 2 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-0610 Launch Vehicle: Delta II 7925 Launch Site: Cape Canaveral, United States Mass: 185.0 kg Funding Agency National Aeronautics and Space Administration (United States) Discipline Planetary Science Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for Spirit PDMP information for Spirit Telecommunications information for Spirit Experiments on Spirit Data collections from Spirit Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Dr. David R. NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details houses the computer, batteries, and other electronic components. The box is designed to protect these components and control their temperature. Thermal control is achieved through the use of gold paint, aerogel insulation, heaters, thermostats, and radiators. Power is provided by the solar arrays, generating up to 140 W of power under full Sun conditions. The energy is stored in two rechargeable batteries. Communications with Earth are in Xband via the high gain directional dish antenna and the low gain omni-directional antenna. Communications with orbiting spacecraft are through the UHF antenna. The onboard computer has 128 Mb RAM. An inertial measurement unit provides 3-axis information on position. The rover carries a suite of instruments for science and navigation. The panoramic camera (Pancam) and navigation cameras are mounted on top of the Pancam mast assembly, at a height of about 1.4 meters from the base of the wheels. The mast, mounted at the front of the equipment deck, also acts as a periscope for the Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer (Mini-TES). Attached to the end of the instrument deployment device are the Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS), Mossbauer Spectrometer (MB), Microscopic Imager (MI), and Rock Abrasion Tool (RAT). A magnet array is attached to the front of the equipment deck. Two hazard avoidance cameras are mounted on the front of the rover and two on the rear. The group of science instruments (Pancam, Mini-TES, APXS, MB, MI, and RAT) is known as the Athena science package. The rover will be compactly stowed in a tetrahedron shaped landing platform and encased in an aeroshell consisting of a heat shield and a backshell for launch, cruise, and atmospheric entry. The lander platform has a mass of 348 kg, the backshell and parachute 209 kg, and the heat shield 78 kg. The cruise stage mass is 193 kg and propellant mass is 50 kg. Mission Profile Spirit was launched on a standard Delta II 7925 on 10 June 2003 at 17:58:46.773 UT. After insertion into a circular Earth parking orbit, the spacecraft was despun and the third stage was reignited to put the craft on a trajectory to Mars, after which the aeroshell, lander, and rover separated from the third stage. The cruise phase to Mars ended on 20 November 2003, 45 days before Mars entry. The approach phase lasted from this date until martian atmospheric entry on 4 January 2004. On entry the lander and components had a mass of 827 kg and were travelling at 19,300 km/hr. The aeroshell decelerated the lander in the upper martian atmosphere for about four minutes to a velocity of 1600 km/hr, followed by deployment of a parachute. The parachute slowed the spacecraft to about 300 km/hr. A series of tones was transmitted by the spacecraft during entry and after landing to indicate the successful completion of each phase. Just prior to impact, at an altitude of about 100 m, retrorockets slowed the descent and airbags were inflated to cushion the impact. The craft hit at roughly 50 km/hr and bounced and rolled along the surface. After it stopped the airbags deflated and retracted, the petals opened, and the rover deployed its solar arrays. The landing took place at 04:35 UT on 4 January 2004 (Earth received time), (11:35 p.m. Jan. 3 EST) approximately 2:00 p.m. local time, about one hour before Earth set, in Gusev Crater, roughly 15 degrees south of the equator. On Mars it is the latter half of southern summer. The landing ellipse is centered at 14.82 S, 184.85 W and is 96 km by 19 km oriented at 76 degrees. http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-027A[15/10/2010 22:33:36] Williams. NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details About three hours after landing the first images were returned to Earth, showing a flat plain littered with small rocks. Gusev Crater was chosen as a landing site because it has the appearance of a crater lakebed. If Gusev was at one time filled with water, the bottom of the crater may contain sedimentary deposits laid down in the submarine environment. An egress phase took place over the first few days, involving deployment of the Pancam mast and high gain antenna, rover stand up, imaging and calibration, and selection of proper egress path. The rover drove off the platform onto the surface of Mars on 15 January at 8:41 UT (3:41 a.m. EST). Over three years of surface operations, involving driving the rover, imaging, and use of the science instruments has already been achieved, and the Spirit rover continues to operate, although it has lost the use of one of its six wheels. It has covered a total of about 7 km. Personnel Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail Ms. Joy Anne Crisp Project Scientist NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory [email protected] Mr. Peter C Theisinger Project Manager NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory [email protected] Dr. James B. Garvin Program Scientist NASA Headquarters [email protected] Dr. Firouz M. Naderi Program Manager NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory [email protected] Selected References Crisp, J. A., et al., Mars Exploration Rover mission, J. Geophys. Res., 108, No. E12, 8061, doi:10.1029/2002JE002038, 2003. Squyres, S. W., et al., Athena Mars rover science investigation, J. Geophys. Res., 108, No. E12, 8062, doi:10.1029/2003JE002121, 2003. Squyres, S. W., et al., The Spirit Rover's Athena science investigation at Gusev crater, Mars, Science, 305, No. 5685, 794-799, Aug. 2004. Cook, R. A., The Mars exploration rover project, Acta Astronaut., 57, No. 2-8, 116-120, 2005. Arvidson, R. E., et al., Overview of the Spirit Mars Exploration Rover Mission to Gusev Crater: Landing site to Backstay Rock in the Columbia Hills, J. Geophys. Res., 111, E02S01, doi:10.1029/2005JE002499, 2006. "Spirit" Rover Images From Gusev Crater, Mars http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-027A[15/10/2010 22:33:36] NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details More "Spirit" Images of Gusev Crater "Opportunity" Images of Meridiani Planum Press Release on the landing - 4 January 2004 Comparison of Spirit, Mars Pathfinder, and Viking Panoramas Spirit's route on Mars, artist's concept of the rover on Mars and a map of the landing sites showing Gusev and Meridiani http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-027A[15/10/2010 22:33:36] NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Mars Exploration Rover "Opportunity" Page Labelled Diagram of the Mars Exploration Rover NASA Mars Rovers Braving Severe Dust Storms - NASA Press Release 20 July 2007 Durable Mars Rovers Sent Into Third Overtime Period - NASA Press Release 5 April 2005 Spirit Rolls All Six Wheels Onto Martian Soil - NASA Press Release 15 January 2004 Spirit Lands on Mars and Sends Postcards - JPL Press Release 4 January 2004 Mars Rovers Head for Exciting Landings in January - NASA Press Release 2 December 2003 NASA Selects 28 Participating Scientists for Mars Rover Mission - NASA Press Release 29 May 2002 NASA Plans to Send Rover Twins to Mars in 2003 - NASA Press Release 10 August 2000 Announcement of Rover Option - NASA Press Release 27 July 2000 Mars Pathfinder Rover Mars Exploration Rover Home Page - NASA JPL Athena Science Package Site - Cornell University Mars Home Page Mars Fact Sheet + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-027A[15/10/2010 22:33:36] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 Mars Exploration Rovers DESCRIPCIÓN: Esta nueva misión de la NASA a Marte (conjuntamente con Dinamarca y Alemania) supone el retorno del 'rover', que tanto éxito tuvo en la misión Pathfinder en el año 1.997. En este caso serán dos los rovers que se utilizarán para la misión, ambos idénticos, con muchísima más capacidad que el conocido Sojourner de 1.997. Estos exploradores serán capaces de recorrer más de 100 metros diarios y llevarán consigo todos los instrumentos (Athena Science Payload) y sistemas de comunicaciones ya que no tendrán una base de operaciones como la 'Carl Sagan Memorial Station' de la misión Pathfinder. Su objetivo principal es la búsqueda de agua pasada o presente en el planeta y su interacción con las rocas del entorno. Cada dos años, la Tierra y Marte se encuentran en una posición de su órbita alrededor del Sol que posibilita el envío de naves al planeta rojo con el mínimo gasto posible de combustible, resultando en un ahorro para la misión. Uno de estos períodos tendrá lugar a mediados del año 2.003 y será aprovechado para lanzar las dos sondas con apenas un mes de diferencia. El primero de ellos, el MER-A fue lanzado desde Cabo Cañaveral el 10 de junio de 2.003 en un cohete Delta II y el MER-B lo siguió el 8 de julio. Tras un viaje de siete meses llegarán a Marte en enero de 2.004 con pocos días de diferencia. Diagramas del lanzamiento Recorrido de las naves Cada uno de los rovers aterrizará en una zona distinta del planeta cercana al ecuador para aprovechar mejor la energía solar. Para llegar a la superficie seguirán un procedimiento muy similar al de la misión Pathfinder. Una vez pasadas las capas altas de la atmósfera se abrirá un paracaídas, cerca de la superficie se encenderán varios cohetes que disminuirán aún más la velocidad y poco después se abrirán unos gigantescos airbags que harán que el rover rebote una docena de veces durante 1 kilómetro. Una vez detenido el airbag, se desinflará y se abrirán los pétalos que protegían la nave dejando al rover al descubierto. En esos momentos se abrirán los paneles solares, el mástil de la cámara y las ruedas y quedará listo para salir. Instantes después, tomará una panorámica completa de 360º de su entorno en color e infrarrojos y la mandará a Tierra para que los ingenieros conozcan el entorno y poder decidir que primer camino tomará la nave. Lo fascinante de esta misión es que cada día se podrá analizar todo el entorno del rover desde una posición nueva. Los científicos analizaran las tomas panorámicas del rover para decidir el día siguiente que camino tomará para fotografiar desde allí nuevos lugares y nuevos análisis de las rocas del lugar. Y todo ello por duplicado. En un sólo día recorrerán la misma distancia que Sojourner en toda la misión. Como comparación, el rover Sojourner pesaba 11 kg. por 185 kg. de estos rovers y su altura es 5 veces mayor. Cada rover analizará el suelo y las rocas, usando espectrómetros, abriendo la roca para analizar su interior y fotografiando su estructura microscópica y se espera que duren al menos 90 días sobre la superficie del planeta hasta mayo del 2.004, pero si se mantiene su buena salud podrá ampliarse la misión. Mapa Global de Marte. Zonas elegidas para el aterrizaje Gusev Crater / Meridiani Hematite Fase de reentrada en la atmósfera. (Pulsa para ampliar la imagen) FECHAS PRINCIPALES: Lanzamiento MER-A / MER-2 / Spirit: 10 de junio 2.003 Lanzamiento MER-B / MER-1 / Opportunity: 8 de julio 2.003 Llegada a Marte MER-A: 4 de enero 2.004 Llegada a Marte MER-B: 25 de enero 2.004 Fin de las operaciones de ambos rovers: mayo 2.004 (ampliable). COMPONENTES E INSTRUMENTOS: - PANCAM. Es la cámara principal de la nave y la encargada de realizar las fotografías panorámicas de alta resolución, en estéreo y en color, siendo su resolución tres veces mayor que la del Sojourner. Las cámaras ayudarán a los técnicos a decidir el camino a emprender y tomar imágenes de las rocas y lugares que rodean en cada momento al rover. Imagen de prueba. - MINI-TES o Mini-Thermal Emission Spectrometer. Es un espectrómetro que tomará imágenes en infrarrojo de las rocas y el suelo y nos permitirá saber su composición. Va situado en el mástil de la cámara panorámica. De todas las imágenes que tome, se podrá sacar el espectro completo por separado de cada uno de los pixeles que la componen. - APXS o Alpha-Particle-X-Ray Spectrometer . Es el espectrómetro de rayos X que determinará la química y composición del suelo y las rocas marciana, así como la abundancia de los distintos elementos químicos. - Mössbauer Spectrometer. Es otro espectrómetro que determinará con gran precisión la abundancia y distribución de minerales derivados del hierro, lo que nos dará información sobre el magnetismo y la interacción del agua con esos minerales. - RAT o Rock Abrasion Tool. Es un aparato que funcionará a modo de perforador sobre las rocas NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Saturday, 16 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel Spitzer Space Telescope Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-038A Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Description The Spitzer Space Telescope (formerly SIRTF, the Space Infrared Telescope Facility) is a 0.85-meter telescope with three cryogenically cooled instruments, operating in the 3 - 180 micron range. The observatory is the final element in NASA's Great Observatories Program. The science capabilities include imaging/photometry at 3 - 180 microns, spectroscopy at 5 - 40 microns, and spectrophotometry at 50 - 100 microns. Spitzer will study a wide variety of astronomical phenomena, extending from our Solar System to the distant reaches of the early Universe. The spacecraft consists of an octagonal bus structure, and a solar array to power the science instruments. The pointing control subsystem employs a celestial-inertial, three-axis stabilized control system. Spitzer has an Earth-trailing Heliocentric orbit. The Spitzer telescope is a lightweight reflector of RitcheyChrétien design. The telescope has an 85 cm diameter aperture. The instruments selected include: 1) a four-channel infrared array camera imaging at 3.6, 4.5, 5.8, and 8 microns. 2) an imaging photometer, with three detector arrays imaging at 24, 70, and 160 microns (one array will also take lowresolution spectra at 50 - 100 microns); 3) a spectrograph providing high- and low-resolution spectroscopy at mid-infrared wavelengths (5 - 40 microns). Alternate Names Space InfraRed Telescope Facility SST 27871 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-0825 Launch Vehicle: Delta 7920H ELV Launch Site: Cape Canaveral, United States Mass: 865.0 kg Funding Agency NASA-Office of Space Science (United States) Discipline Astronomy Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for Spitzer Space Telescope PDMP information for Spitzer Space Telescope Telecommunications information for Spitzer Space Telescope Experiments on Spitzer Space Telescope Data collections from Spitzer Space Telescope Questions or comments about this spacecraft can http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-038A[15/10/2010 22:34:13] NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. Personnel Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail Dr. Michael W. Werner Project Scientist NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory [email protected] Mr. David B Gallagher Project Manager NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory [email protected] Other Sources of Spitzer Information/Data Spitzer Project page Spitzer Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) Spitzer Multiband Imaging Photometer (MIPS) Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) Home Page + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-038A[15/10/2010 22:34:13] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Saturday, 16 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel STS 107 Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-003A Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description Space Shuttle Columbia, STS 107 was an American shuttle spacecraft launched from Cape Canaveral at 15:39 UT on 16 January 2003. It was the first flight in recent years that was not related to International Space Station (ISS) activities. It carried seven astronauts who helped oversee 80 microgravity expriments on board. These ranged from K-12 interest to significant commercial and scientific potential. After a 16 day mission, the shuttle began its reentry on 1 February 2003, but communications failed at 14:00 UT when the shuttle was at an altitude of 60 km with a speed of 20,100 km/hr. It soon disintegrated over east central Texas on its path towards Cape Canaveral. The debris was scattered over hundreds of square miles. There were no survivors. This was the 28th mission for Columbia. Columbia 27647 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-0116 Launch Vehicle: Shuttle Launch Site: Cape Canaveral, United States Funding Agency National Aeronautics and Space Administration (United States) Disciplines Engineering Human Crew Life Science Microgravity Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for STS 107 Experiments on STS 107 Data collections from STS 107 Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-003A[15/10/2010 22:34:34] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Saturday, 16 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel Thuraya 2 Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-026A Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description Thuraya 2 is a UAE (United Arab Emitrate) geostationary communications spacecraft that was launched by a Zenit 3SL rocket fired from Odyssey (the floating launch platform in the equatorial Pacif ocean) at 13:56 UT on 10 June 2003. The 5.2 tonne (with fuel), 11 kW satellite carries many transponders to relay mobile telephone calls from/to countries in and around the Middle East and the Indian subcontinent, after parking over 44 deg-E longitude. Its 200 spot beams can be steered to meet the varying call densities, and will enable it to handle 13,750 calls simultaneously. 27825 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-0610 Launch Vehicle: Zenit 3SL Launch Site: Odyssey (Sea Launch Platform), null Funding Agency Unknown (United Arab Emirates) Discipline Communications Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for Thuraya 2 Experiments on Thuraya 2 Data collections from Thuraya 2 Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-026A[15/10/2010 22:34:55] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Saturday, 16 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel UFO 11 Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-057A Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description UFO 11, also known as USA 174, is an American geostationary military communications satellite that was launched by an Atlas 3 rocket from Cape Canaveral at 02:30 UT on 18 December 2003. ("UFO" has been identified as the acronym for Uhf Follow-On.) The 1.4 tonne satellite is the eleventh and final of the UFO constellation which provide secure communications in UHF band and frequencies among ships, aircraft, mobile ground terminals even during severe weather conditions. It will be parked at 172 deg E longitude. USA 174 28117 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-1218 Launch Vehicle: Atlas 3 Launch Site: Cape Canaveral, United States Funding Agency Unknown (United States) Disciplines Communications Surveillance and Other Military Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for UFO 11 Experiments on UFO 11 Data collections from UFO 11 Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-057A[15/10/2010 22:35:20] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Saturday, 16 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel USA 167 Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-008A Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description USA 167, also known as DSCS 3A3, is an American geostationary military communicatons spacecraft of the DSCS 3 constellation that will provide super secure glabal links to the military. It was launched by a Delta 4 rocket from Cape Canaveral AFS at 00:59 UT. These DSCS 3 spacecraft are triaxially stabilized spacecraft with solar power of 1.24 kW. They operate at 6 SHF frequencies between 40 and 85 MHz. Parking longitude will be unavailable. DSCS 3A3 27691 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-0311 Launch Vehicle: Delta IV Launch Site: Cape Canaveral, United States Funding Agency Unknown (United States) Discipline Surveillance and Other Military Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for USA 167 Experiments on USA 167 Data collections from USA 167 Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-008A[15/10/2010 22:35:59] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Saturday, 16 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel USA 170 Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-040A Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description USA 170, also known as DSCS 3B6, is an American, Defense Satellite Communications System's geostationary, supersecure communication satellite that was launched by a Delta 4 rocket from Cape Canaveral AFS at 23:13 UT on 29 August 2003. It is the 10th and final member of the DSCS phase 3 fleet enabling worldwide links among the American military personnel. The parking longitude is unavailable. DSCS 3B6 27875 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-0829 Launch Vehicle: Delta IV Launch Site: Cape Canaveral, United States Funding Agency Unknown (United States) Discipline Communications Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for USA 170 Experiments on USA 170 Data collections from USA 170 Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-040A[15/10/2010 22:36:34] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Saturday, 16 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel USA 171 Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-041A Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description USA 171 is an American geostationary military spacecraft that was launched from Cape Canaveral at 04:29 UT on 9 September 2003. It is reported to be an ORION-class craft belonging to the National Reconnaissance Office. No further information is available. 27937 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-0909 Launch Vehicle: null Launch Site: Cape Canaveral, United States Funding Agency Unknown (United States) Discipline Surveillance and Other Military Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for USA 171 Experiments on USA 171 Data collections from USA 171 Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-041A[15/10/2010 22:36:59] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Saturday, 16 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel USA 173 Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-054A Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description USA 173 is an American military satellite (operated by the National Reconnaissance Office) that was launched by an Atlas 2AS rocket from Vandenberg AFB at 10:04 UT on 2 December 2003. It is reported to be part of the NOSS (Naval Ocean Surveillance System) fleet. 28095 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-1202 Launch Vehicle: Atlas 2AS Launch Site: Vandenberg AFB, United States Funding Agency Unknown (United States) Discipline Surveillance and Other Military Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for USA 173 Experiments on USA 173 Data collections from USA 173 Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-054A[15/10/2010 22:37:35] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Saturday, 16 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel XSS 10 Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-005B Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description XSS 10 is an American (AFRL/DoD) technology demonstration microsatellite (28 kg) that was launched by a Delta 2 rocket from Cape Canaveral at 18:06 UT on 29 January 2003. It will also keep its sight on the second stage of Deta 2. Its batterypowered operational life was 24 hours. 27664 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-0129 Launch Vehicle: Delta II Launch Site: Cape Canaveral, United States Funding Agency Department of DefenseDepartment of the Air Force (United States) Discipline Technology Applications Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for XSS 10 Experiments on XSS 10 Data collections from XSS 10 Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-005B[15/10/2010 22:37:54] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Saturday, 16 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel Yamal 201 Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-053B Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description Yamal 201 is one of a pair of Russian geostationary communications satellites that were launched by a Proton-K rocket from Baikonur at 06:22 UT on 24 November 2003. The pair, Yamal 201 and Yamal 202, are identical satellites, with a mass of 1.3 kg, and power 3.6 kW. Yamal 201 carries nine Cband and six Ku-band transponders, while Yamal 202 carries 18 C-band transponders. They will provide voice and video communications throughout the Eurasian continent, after parking: Yamal 201 at 90 deg-E and Yamal 202 at 49 deg-E. 28094 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-1124 Launch Vehicle: Proton-K Launch Site: Tyuratam (Baikonur Cosmodrome), Kazakhstan Funding Agency Unknown (Russia) Discipline Communications Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for Yamal 201 Experiments on Yamal 201 Data collections from Yamal 201 Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-053B[15/10/2010 22:38:29] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Saturday, 16 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel Yamal 202 Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-053A Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description Yamal 202 is one of a pair of Russian geostationary communications satellites that were launched by a Proton-K rocket from Baikonur at 06:22 UT on 24 November 2003. The pair, Yamal 202 and Yamal 201, are identical satellites, with a mass of 1.3 kg, and power 3.6 kW. Yamal 201 carries nine Cband and six Ku-band transponders, while Yamal 202 carries 18 C-band transponders. They will provide voice and video communications throughout the Eurasian continent, after parking: Yamal 201 at 90 deg-E and Yamal 202 at 49 deg-E. 28089 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-1124 Launch Vehicle: Proton-K Launch Site: Tyuratam (Baikonur Cosmodrome), Kazakhstan Funding Agency Unknown (Russia) Discipline Communications Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for Yamal 202 Experiments on Yamal 202 Data collections from Yamal 202 Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-053A[15/10/2010 22:39:08] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010 NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details Saturday, 16 October 2010 NSSDC Master Catalog Search Spacecraft Experiments Data Collections Personnel Zhongxing 20 Publications NSSDC ID: 2003-052A Maps New/Updated Data Lunar/Planetary Events Alternate Names Description Zhongxing 20 is a Chinese (PRC) military communications spececraft that was launched by a Long March 3A rocket from Xichang Satellite Launch Center (XSLC) on 14 November 2003. 28082 Facts in Brief Launch Date: 2003-1114 Launch Vehicle: Long March 3A Launch Site: Xichang, Peoples Republic of China Funding Agency Unknown (Peoples Republic of China) Disciplines Communications Surveillance and Other Military Additional Information Launch/Orbital information for Zhongxing 20 Experiments on Zhongxing 20 Data collections from Zhongxing 20 Questions or comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Coordinated Request and User Support Office. + Privacy Policy and Important Notices http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-052A[15/10/2010 22:39:45] NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck Curator: E. Bell, II Version 4.0.14, 08 October 2010
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