Delegación de la Unión Europea en Paraguay

Transcripción

EUROPEAN COMMISSION
EXTERNAL RELATIONS DIRECTORATE GENERAL
DIRECTORATE Latin America
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Country Strategy Paper 2001-2006
And National Indicative Program
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The Republic of Paraguay is located in Central South America. The Western Region of the
country - Chaco region, covering more than half of the 406,750 sq km total area of Paraguay suffers of a semiarid climate and is almost unpopulated. Population - 5,5 million - concentrates
in the Eastern region. 47% of it lives in rural areas.
Paraguay is a constitutional democracy, currently in phase of consolidation.
It has adopted an active regional integration policy, being i.a. a member of MERCOSUR,
together with Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay.
Paraguay has a market economy, with a large informal sector. Agriculture and commerce play a
dominant role. Since 1996, Paraguayan economy is undergoing a sustained contraction,
following both domestic disadjustsments and the decline of the Brazilian and Argentinean
economies, from which it is largely dependent. As a result, poverty has deepened -specially in
rural areas- and the income distribution has become more unequal. It looms heavily on the
political stability of the country.
Faced to this, the Government has adopted an Economic and Social Program-"Plan Estratégico
Económico y Social"-which seeks at achieving a sustainable development on the basis of four
pillars: modernisation of the State and strengthening of Institutions; macroeconomic stability
and structural reform; improving competitiveness and stimulating investment; human resources
development and poverty reduction.
Japan, Taiwan, Germany, Spain and France are the main bilateral donors. Multilateral assistance
comes mostly from the EC, IDB, UNDP and WB, the EC being the largest donor. Up to now cooperation has concentrated on rural development, economic management and social
development.
On this background, the EC, after consultation among stakeholders, has adopted a response
strategy which takes into account the main principles of the EU co-operation policy, is
complementary to and consistent with, previous EC and other donor activities, in particular EU
Member States, and reflects the national development priorities as enshrined in the "Programa
de Gobierno 1999-2003" and the Memorandum of Understanding CE-Republic of Paraguay of
1.7.2001.
EC focal areas of intervention will be:
I.
II.
III.
Modernisation of the State and institutional development.
Productive development, competitiveness and investments in the framework of the
Paraguayan regional integration in Mercosur.
Human development and poverty reduction.
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The bilateral co-operation has been improved since the signature in 1992 of the Framework
Agreement on co-operation between the European community and the Republic of Paraguay.
Article 1 of this agreement considers that respect for the democratic principles and fundamental
human rights are an essential element of the Agreement. The support to the democratic process in
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Paraguay is also reflected in article 2 to which the European community may contribute to
strengthening of the Paraguayans democratic institutions.
Furthermore, the bilateral relationship has a new dimension since the signature of the EU-Mercosur
framework agreement on co-operation on 15 December 1995, which has the objective of
negotiating an interregional association. Paraguay benefits of the co-operation implemented by the
community at the level of Mercosur. Our objective is also consistent with the document “European
Union – Latinamerica. Present and perspectives of strengthening the Association 1996-2000” which
was approved at the Madrid European Council in December 1995. The basic strategies in place
continue to apply in regard to Latin America and the guidelines laid down in the March 1999
Communication “On a new EU-Latin America partnership on the eve of the 21st century” are of
application also for Paraguay. This approach is also endorsed in the recent Communication from the
Commission to the Council and the European Parliament on the follow-up to the First Summit
between Latin America, the Caribbean and the European Union in 2000. In various general and
specific documents concerning the countries of Latin America, the European Community has
stressed the great importance it attaches to:

Human rights;
Processes of democratisation;
Good management of public resources;
Protection of environment;
Trade liberalisation;
And a strengthening of the cultural dimension.
Against this background, an improved co-operation is foreseen and sectoral agreements are
proposed in the veterinary and phytosanitary agreement as well as wines and spirits.
This co-operation is consistent with article 177 of the EC treaty as well as regulation (CE) 443/92
relating to the financial, technical and economic co-operation with Latin American countries.
Also the Commission communication with respect to a new partnership between the EU and Latin
America (com 992/105) also supports the approach of continuing co-operation for the new
challenges in the XXI century , being the priority areas the consolidation of democracy, social
imbalances, and the regional integration process.
As a follow-up of the Rio Summit in 1999, the Commission tabled a communication to the Council
and the Parliament, proposing to focus on three areas: Protection of human rights, reduction of
social imbalances and promotion of the information society.
At present the European Union is negotiating an Association Agreement with Mercosur in which
the co-operation chapter is aimed at reinforcement and strengthening of the process of regional
economic integration within the Mercosur.
The Council and the Commission adopted on 10 November 2000 a Joint Statement on the European
Community’s Development Policy, in which Trade and Development and Institutional Capacity
Building are mentioned as two out of six priorities identified for the Community’s Development
Policy.
At the WTO ministerial Conference launching the Doha Development Agenda, the developing
country Members of the WTO it was agreed to provide trade related technical assistance as a central
component of the negotiations under that agenda. Following the launching of the Doha
Development Agenda, the Commission has noted that “at the level of the EU, we must now ensure
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that trade related technical assistance and capacity building is well integrated into the EU’s current
and future technical assistance/development co-operation programming.
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Paraguay is responding to the new challenges and the strong need for reform. The key development
policy areas defined by the national government for the period of 1999-2003 are reflected in an
Economic and Social Strategic Plan – “Plan Estratégico Económico y Social” - which seeks to
achieve a sustainable development on the basis of four pillars: modernisation of the State and
strengthening of Institutions; macroeconomic stability and structural reform; improving
competitiveness and stimulating investment; human development and poverty reduction. It should
be noted that the program takes already into account the ongoing and planned international cooperation in the country
The plan is based on four main pillars:
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Reform of the State institutions and a strengthening of their management capacity.
Decentralisation including a strengthening of the administrative capacity of the regional
authorities especially in the areas of health and education.
Fight against corruption and contraband which has a distortionary and wasteful impact on
the resources of the State and also threatens the institutional stability.
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Fulfilling the economic targets agreed with the International Monetary Fund in the context
of the government’s economic programme for 2001 which include the following key
elements:
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Development of the private sector with a particular focus on the export sector as an engine
of growth.
Ensure adequate investment and modernisation of the country’s infrastructure, in particular
by improving the roads network and expanding the electricity and telephone service
coverage.
Support to the development of small and medium-sized enterprises as well as
microenterprises.
G+XPDQGHYHORSPHQWDQGSRYHUW\DOOHYLDWLRQObjectives consist of the fight against poverty,
ensuring sustainable development and implementation of social policies via:

Adequate investment in human capital including improved access to health and education.
Reduction of unemployment, which currently stands at more than 16 % (officially).
Support to weaker sections of society such as : land-less peasants, rural population, women
and children, and indigenous population.
Preventing the exodus to cities.
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H,QWHUQDWLRQDODQGWUDGHDJHQGD: At present, foreign policy strategy for Paraguay consists of the
following key elements:

Making efforts to improve Paraguay’s image abroad as a credible partner and a stable
country.
The Government is seeking to fully integrate its commercial and economic policy objectives
into the national foreign policy framework.
In this context, it is taking measures to enhance the country’s foreign representations’ capacity
and role in promoting Paraguay’s interests:
i) Improving market access for its key export items such as soybean, cotton, beef, maize,
organic sugar;
ii) Diversifying its export markets;
iii) Attracting foreign investment through privatisation schemes of public enterprises and by
establishing a stable and transparent political and legal framework.
iv) Improve the country’s negotiating capacity in the context of international fora such as the
WTO as well as vis-à-vis its major partners.
v) Enhancing the country’s influence over regional developments including in particular the
deepening of MERCOSUR integration and the MERCOSUR countries acting as a block in
international negotiations.
Furthermore, Paraguay as member of Mercosur participates in the negotiations for concluding
an Association Agreement between Mercosur and the European Union. Also Paraguay is
participating in the present exercise of the negotiations for the establishment of a Free Trade
Area in the Americas. These two elements are of extreme importance for Paraguay.
Finally, tKH FRQFOXVLRQ ZLWK WKH ,0) LQ $SULO , for the first time after the establishment of
democracy, of a 0HPRUDQGXPRI(FRQRPLFDQG)LQDQFLDO3ROLFLHV, which establishes targets and
benchmarks for the economic reforms in Paraguay and a monitoring plan.
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Paraguay is suffering of a political crisis as a consequence of the atomisation of the political
parties, the lack of a strong leadership at the present government, and the economic and social
crisis. Nevertheless, the recent municipal elections in Paraguay held on 18 November 2001 reflect a
consolidation of the hegemony of the Colorado Party. In fact, the Colorado Party obtained 134
Municipalities from a total of 212 in the whole country. The uncertain political situation in the past
was also consequence of the continuing influence of former General LINO OVIEDO on the
political life of Paraguay. At present Mr. OVIEDO dwells in Brazil after having been granted
political asylum and set free by the authorities of this county.
Nicanor DUARTE FRUTOS has been appointed in May 2001 as President of Colorado Party and
after the municipal elections places DUARTE FRUTOS in an excellent position to stand for the
Presidency of the Republic in 2003.
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The Paraguayan democracy is strongly supported by Mercosur, which always has encouraged deep
reforms in the country through the consolidation of democracy. The European Union is also paying
special attention to the political situation in Paraguay and is providing co-operation for improving
the State modernisation and helping Paraguay to go deeper into democracy.
The Colorado Party has governed for the last half century. The Party is split into factions that
respond to competing party leaders. There are two main fractions:
• The one now in power, formed by late Vice-President Argaña, and
• The one formed by loyalists of former Army Commander and failed coup leader Lino
Oviedo, jailed in Brazil at this date (September 2001).
The leading opposition parties, the Liberals (PLRA), and Encuentro Nacional (PEN), formed an
electoral alliance for the 1998 general elections, but were defeated by the Colorado candidate in a
landslide victory. They initially joined President Gonzalez-Macchi in a coalition government in
1999, but the PLRA left the coalition in January of 2000. The PEN continues to co-operate with the
Gonzalez-Macchi government but holds few important positions within it (LH, Ministry of Industry
and Commerce, Planning Secretariat, and the Ministry of Justice and Labor).
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Paraguay is a constitutional democracy established recently. The Constitution was ratified on 22
June 1992 and Article 1 establishes that the Republic of Paraguay is an independent and free
Republic and its government adopts a representative democracy. The Constitution recognises the
three pillars of Paraguayan State: the Legislative Branch, the Executive Branch and the Judicial
Branch; and establishes a set of civic, political and social rights, including citizen’s guarantees.
Paraguay has a strong presidential and bicameral parliamentarian system. The judicial branch plays
an important role in the defense and promotion of the Constitution and laws.
Paraguay is divided into seventeen departments each with its own elected Governor and
Departmental Council. The capital city of Asuncion is a separate administrative area, independent
of the department in which it is located. The municipalities have had elected mayors and city
councils since 1991. Both national elections (President, Vice-President, Congress and Governors) as
well municipal elections are held every five years.
Laws may be originated in the Congress, the Executive Branch, the Supreme Court of Justice or by
the will of the citizens. The laws are first approved by the Legislative Branch and finally by the
Executive Branch, after which they are passed out and published. With respect to international
relations, the Constitution accepts the international law as well as a supranational legal framework
that guarantees human rights, peace, justice, co-operation and development in political, economic
and social aspects.
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The human rights situation in Paraguay has experimented a profound transformation since 1989,
with the upcoming of democracy. The end of the authoritarian regime created the conditions to
advance toward the establishment of democratic institutions and consolidation of democracy,
namely the restoration of public rights such as the right to free expression and the right to political
participation. According to the CODEHUPY report (Co-ordination of Human Rights Organisations
in Paraguay) although there has been no systematic violations to Human Rights, there are still cases
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of violation by persons related to the State, against the right to life or against the right to physical
integrity of prison inmates, peasants, indigenous peoples, children, and women.
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Paraguay is suffering from the present institutional crisis in Mercosur and is also affected by the
bad economic situation in the region. The terrorist attacks of 11 September are also influencing the
emergent economies. There is a growing feeling of dissatisfaction among businessmen and the
citizenship in general about Mercosur, particularly after the unilateral currency depreciation carried
out by Brazil. Paraguay is also participating at the FTAA.
The Argentinean crisis is also impacting in Paraguay and there is a decrease in exports to Argentina
and Brazil due to the depressed Argentinean demand and to the depreciation of the Brazilian real.
The Paraguayan Government has announced for 2002 a real GDP growth of around 2 %. But this
forecast is based on a positive growth scenario in Argentina in a context of a “controlled” default
and moderate peso devaluation.
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At present, EU - Paraguay relations are based on the 1992 Framework Agreement on Co-operation
and on the 1995 EU-Mercosur Framework Agreement on Co-operation, which has as objective the
preparation of an Inter-regional Association
With more than EUR 10,8 million of preferential imports to the EU, Paraguay is ranking 57th
among the users of the EU’s GSP. Taking into account the size of beneficiary countries’
populations, Paraguay ranks 66th. The global utilization rate of 50% reached in 2000 is average. The
utilization rate was 41% in the agricultural sector (EUR 3,5 million of preferential imports), 62% in
the industrial sector (EUR 5,1 million of preferential imports) ; and 44% in the textile sector (EUR
2,2 million of preferential imports).
Top-3 sectors benefiting from GSP in the year 2000 are: tobacco (EUR 3,4 million of preferential
imports; 31% of all preferential imports); leather products (EUR 3 million; 28%) and textiles (EUR
1,8 million; 17%).
Paraguay is not graduated in any sector and does not meet the conditions for being graduated in
2003.
The European Union is the most important source of foreign direct investment in Paraguay with
USD 31 million in 1999, accounting for 50% of total Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). In 1999,
Mercosur and Nafta accounted for 7% and 27% of total FDI respectively.
In its UHODWLRQV ZLWK WKH (8, Paraguay is seeking to promote trade and investment as well as
bilateral co-operation.
In trade, Paraguay is seeking to reverse the current trade deficit with the EU (USD 114 millions in
2000) by improving market access for its key products, in particular via:

The implementation of a Hilton beef quota;

The opening of a quota for organic sugar;
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Improving market access for rice, fruits and vegetables. In this context, the country is also
seeking to accelerate the conclusion of a Sanitary and Phytosanitary agreement with the EU.
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Paraguay is a member of the Mercosur a customs union that should be fully implemented in 2005.
Paraguay profits very much of the on-going political dialogue in the framework of Mercosur. The
Mercosur Regional Strategy Paper analysis the regional integration process within Mercosur in
different fields: institutional, economical, political and security, social and labour, environment, etc.
Paraguay provides with preferential trade access to the markets of Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay,
and to Chile and Bolivia as associated members of Mercosur.
In the context of Mercosur, as a major trading and investment partner, the EU and MERCOSUR
share a strong interest in deepening economic, political and social ties. On 15 December 1995, EU Mercosur signed an Interregional Framework Co-operation agreement, with the objective to prepare
for the creation of an interregional association. Such an agreement, which would replace the
existing one, has the objectives of deepening ties on a bi-regional basis between Europe and the
Mercosur as well as giving further support to the regional integration process under way in
Mercosur itself.
Within MERCOSUR, Paraguay is promoting: the creation of a permanent dispute settlement body,
creation of a real MERCOSUR internal market allowing for the free movement of goods and the
removal of still prevailing non-tariff barriers, the expansion of co-operation on a regional basis, and
the development of an integrated network of transports and communications in the region, as well
as promoting macro-economic policy co-ordination.
During the recent extraordinary meeting of the Mercosur Common Council on 18 February 2002
(“Protocolo de los Olivos”) the constitution of a Permanent Legal Tribunal (in Asuncion) was
decided, as well as to give the Group of Institutional Affairs a mandate to examine the technical
strength (not yet administrative one) of the Administrative Secretariat of Mercosur (Montevideo).
These renewals, as well as other ones, will create co-operation requests to the European Union.
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As a member of the WTO Paraguay supported the launch of a new WTO round provided that
special attention is given to the needs of the developing countries in particular market access
issues.
As a member of the Cairns group and given the importance of the agricultural sector in its
economy, Paraguay strongly supports the intensification of efforts to fully liberalise agricultural
trade and ensuring a fair and equitable market access in all sectors.
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Paraguay supports regional trade integration in the Western Hemisphere, notably by moving
forward with negotiations in order to realise a Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) by
2005.
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Economic priorities for the current government are: to preserve macroeconomic stability, to
implement key structural reforms (such as privatisation of public enterprises, financial public sector
reforms, and broadening the tax base), to fight against corruption, and to attend social needs.
Paraguay does not currently have a financial arrangement with the IMF but has signed a
“Memorandum of Economic and Financial Policies” agreement (Staff-Monitored Programme –
SMP) with the Fund in April 2001. According to this program, the Government aims to restore
order to the public finances and allow the continuation of a prudent monetary policy. To this end
also, the Government has approved on March 19, 2001 a medium term growth strategy (“Plan
Estratégico Económico y Social” of the Planning Secretary) that aims to foster competitiveness in
the private sector and seeks to place the export sector as the main engine of growth.
Paraguayan economy remained stagnant in the period 1998-2000. In 2000, GDP decreased 0.3%
accounting for USD 7.511 millions. Over the last 5 years real GDP per capita has decreased despite
the real GDP increase of 1% a year (average) due to a population growth of around 2.5%. In 2000,
GDP per capita stood at USD 1.391.
As a result, poverty has deepened especially in rural areas; 43% of the population is poor (1998)and the income distribution has become more unequal: the highest 20 percent of households had the
46% of the income (1995) while the lowest 20% of households had the 6%.
The Government has worked on a “zero base” budget project by department, aiming to control
public expenditures growth. Central Administration's financial situation has gradually been eroded
from 1998: budget deficit was around 0% of GDP in 1998, 3% of GDP in 1999, and reached 4.5%
of GDP in 2000.
In 2000, tax revenues were mainly VAT (41%), Income Revenue (19%), and Import Duties (19%).
Public expenditure structure in 2000 was: salaries and related expenditures (43%), other current
expenditures (33%), and capital expenditures (24%).
In 2000, “Social” Central Administration expenditures accounted for 46%: Ministry of Education
23%, the Ministry of Public Works 12%, the Ministry of Public Health 6%, and the Ministry of
Agriculture 5%.
According to the Balance of Payments data of the Central Bank of Paraguay, the external current
account position deteriorated over the last years: the external account deficit increased from USD
86 million (1.1% of GDP) in 1999 to USD 315 million (4.2% of GDP) in 2000. The deterioration of
the current account is mainly a result of three facts:
•
•
The decline of the re-export activities (due to the Mercosur homogenisation of tariffs)
A decrease in the terms of trade due especially to the price fall in Paraguay main export item
as soybean (from Chicago Ctvs. USD/Bushel 755 in 1997 to Ctvs. USD/Bushel 499 in
2000) and cotton (from Ctvs. USD/Libra 95.42 in 1995 to 60.62 in 2000), and the increase
in oil import prices.
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•
The recession in Argentina since 1998 and the depreciation of the Brazilian real since
January 1999, which affected Paraguay’s export performance.
The merchandise balance worsened from USD 368.2 million (4.8% of GDP) in 1999 to USD 585.7
million (7.8% of GDP) in 2000. In 2000, Paraguayan exports (FOB) decreased by 16% in value
compared to 1999, accounting for USD 2.251,1 millions. Imports (FOB) dropped as well but only
by 7%, accounting for USD 2.836.8 million.
On the other hand, registered exports accounted only for USD 871 million and registered imports
only for USD 2.038 million in 2000. Difference in registered and unregistered exports is due to
activities in the informal re-export sector. Unregistered exports more than double registered exports:
Unregistered exports = Balance of Payments' exports – Registered exports
= USD 2.251: – USD 871: = USD 1.380:
EU is Paraguay's second largest trading partner after Mercosur. Exports to EU accounted for 14%
and exports to Nafta for 4% of total registered exports in 2000.
Paraguay's import structure by region has remained broadly stable over the last years. Mercosur
shares between 50 and 55% of total registered imports (56% in 1998, 52% in 1999, 54% in 2000,
even though there has been some reorientation of Paraguay’s exports away from EU and towards
its Mercosur partners since the early 1990s.
Imports from EU and Nafta accounted for 11% and 8% respectively of total Paraguayan registered
imports in 2000.
Paraguay's most significant export item is soybean, which accounted for 33% of total registered
exports in 2000 (USD 286 million). Soybean exports decreased by 7% in value compared with
1999. In 2000, cotton exports accounted for 9% (USD 78 million), wood exports for 8.6% (USD 75
million), and meat exports for 8% (USD 70 million) of total registered exports.
Machinery and equipment constitute the main import items, accounting for 30% of total registered
imports (USD 612 million) in 2000. Other significant import items in the last year were: fuels and
lubricants (15%), beverages and tobacco (10%), chemicals (9%), and foodstuffs (7%).
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It is clear that Paraguay is seeking to achieve a sustainable development adopting a Strategic
Economic and Social plan. Nevertheless, it is too early for having consolidated results.
Although progress has been made, there are still many reforms to be carried out in diverse areas:
State modernisation: the situation is far from being clear and Paraguay still has to make progress in
the reform of the financial administration of the State, civil service and decentralisation.
Poverty: pending reforms in the fight against poverty are the reform of the law that creates the Rural
Welfare Institute and the Agricultural Statute, promulgation and implementation of the Agricultural
Code, and promulgation and implementation of a law on agricultural real estates.
Competitiveness: further progress is needed with respect to institutional framework, financial
system and capital markets; as well as the regulatory framework for private investment.
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Macroeconomic policy: there is some progress on the liberalisation of foreign currencies deposits
and the establishment of a flexible exchange rate system. However, the Tax Reform has not taken
place, which is so important for Paraguay.
The reform process needs also a strong political support by the political parties and is implemented
in a difficult moment became of the internal crisis in Mercosur and the economic recession after the
terrorist attacks on 11 September.
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Poverty in Paraguay affects 32 % of the population. Poverty is related to the underdevelopment of
the rural sector, due to the lack of access to means of production as well as basic social services
such as health, education, housing.
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Urban poverty affects to 23% of the population
Rural poverty affects to 43% of the population
The rural poverty is so important that there is a strong phenomenon of emigration to the urban
areas.
Since the upcoming of democracy, Paraguay has increased the social expenditures. In 1990 social
expenditures represented 3% of the national budget, which increased to 8% in 1996. Social
expenditure currently represents 47% of the national budget; however most of this amount
comprises salaries . The 2001 UNDP Human Development Report places Paraguay in the 80th
position of the Human Development Index. In 1990 Paraguay occupied the 84th position and in
1998, the 81 position.. Therefore the progress is slow.
These are some indicators which can be considered as negative ones. It is the case of the rate of
children mortality which is very high and needs an integral strategy by the state particularly in the
rural sector.
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According to the Government Programme 1999-2003 the educational system presents a low
coverage and low performance and quality at different levels. Even though there is a high rate of
scholarity in primary education, there is also a high level of desertion. Illiteracy is a serious
problem too. The educational reform is not yet consolidated and needs to cover the secondary and
university education. There is no direct link between the educational system and the consolidation
of national culture, protection of historical patrimony and development of democratic values.
With respect to health, the underperformance of this system is a direct consequence of extreme
poverty, lack of basic health services and the lack of hygienic practices in the most vulnerable
sectors of the society. Maternal and infant mortality rates are high.
The social security system is only reaching to 17% of the Economically Active Population. The
rural workers are not covered in an appropriate manner. The social security is under reform and at a
long term is seeking to provide a pension scheme of the working class and a better public health
service .
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Women’s position in Paraguayan society is still subject to discrimination. Women represent half of
the labor force and 41% of the Economically Active Population. Only 15,8% of women have
access to positions within the State, 8% in Parliament, 12% are leaders within the political parties,
and 9,7% participate in social organizations. Regarding labor and income, 9,7% occupies
professional and technical positions; and receive only 65% of men’s incomes; in urban areas
women are occupied mainly in services and commerce, and in rural areas they are occupied in
services and manufacturing. Women head 26% of poor homes in urban areas.
Paraguay has adopted legal reforms with a view to protect women´s rights and to eliminate
discrimination. In this sense, Paraguay has ratified the Inter American Convention for Preventing
violence against women in 1995 and since 1992 Paraguay is modifying its own legislation in order
to avoid a discriminatory policy against women. This policy includes modifications of the
Constitution, the Civil Code, Criminal Code, Labour Code and Electoral Code. In 1993 Paraguay
created the Woman’s Secretariat .
There are a number of organizations promoting women’s rights and organized in several networks,
which have successfully articulated their work, together and with the Women’s Secretariat, leading
to modification of discriminative regulations and passing of new laws favoring women’s rights. A
National Plan for Equal Opportunities for Women and its Program for Equal Opportunities for
Women are being implemented by the Women’s Secretariat and Civil Society organizations.
Even though there has been much progress , there is still work to be done in the future. The
unemployment rate for women is higher than for men and the salary is lower for women. Even at
the financial institutions, women receive less credits compared to men.
Another problem is the fact that in the rural areas, natality growth is very high and is directly linked
with poverty.
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Children and youths between 0 and 19 years old represent more than half of the country’s
population, and constitute a highly vulnerable portion of the population, afflicted by problems
related to health, educational and labor. Approximately 937.000 children, or 42% of the population
between 0 and 14 years old, are afflicted by poverty, which forces them to enter the labor market at
ages as early as 5 to 7 years. Of the economically active children between 7 and 17 years old, 38%
(in 1995) did not attend school. A recent study estimated that approximately 500.000 children have
not been registered by the Civil Registry, and therefore have difficulties to access their basic human
rights such as education.
Minors in situation of high risk need a special attention. The Constitution recognises the need to
protect children and Paraguay has ratified the Convention of the Children’s Rights. The Children’s
Code has been passed out by Congress in 2001 and the Children’s Secretariat has been created at
the end of 2001. This Secretariat will assume all responsibilities in relation to children’s rights and
improvement of the lives of children. The Government has still to allocate financial, technical and
human resources to this Secretariat.
13
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Indigenous peoples represent between 1% and 2% of the population, according to a 1981 census,
which registered 38.307 individuals of 17 ethnic groups, classified in 5 language families (Guaraní,
Lengua-Maskoy, Matako, Guaicurú, Zamuco). The indigenous population was later corrected and
adjusted to 45.330 individuals. However, according to institutions that support the indigenous
peoples and the indigenous communities themselves, the number should be doubled. Lack of
official data is a serious barrier to a real analysis of the situation of indigenous peoples. Poverty
strikes heavily on this portion of the population, child mortality is high (93,9 per 1000), 94,1% of
illiteracy, 93% of households have neither sanitary disposal nor water supply. Conflicts with cattle
ranchers, colonies and landless peasants regarding allocation and recovery of lands are an
unresolved issue.
Indigenous peoples are the most vulnerable and their situation is unequal in terms of health,
education, job, land, social integration. Disabled people are estimated at 40.000 inhabitants with a
lack of services.
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The main environmental problems are related to the inland water courses and massive deforestation
caused by the growth of agricultural activities and timber extraction, which bring about a series of
environmental problems that affect flora and fauna, the microclimate of the region and degradation
of soils. Paraguay is mostly dependent upon agriculture for its economic development. The overexploitation of lands for pasture, as well as poor agricultural methods like slash and burn clearing,
contributes to deforestation, and by extension, soil erosion.
Between 1985 and 1991, the Eastern region’s forests were cut down at a rate of 300.000 hectares
per year, eliminating an approximate total of 2 million hectares. Several studies have estimated that
in 1945 the forest cover of the Eastern region was of 55% of its surface area, while a recent
estimation indicates a surface area of 1.161.820 hectares (7,3%) of pristine forests and 926.761
hectares (5.3%) of degraded forests. These areas include Protected Areas, which represent around
2% of the territory. The Western region is being subject also to deforestation.
The principal sources of urban and industrial pollution are dumping of sewage and industrial
effluents, as well as the inadequate disposal of municipal solid wastes; the effluents and toxic and
dangerous wastes by industries. In addition, emissions from various industries contribute to water
and air pollution, while inadequate means for waste disposal present health risks for many urban
residents. Industrial pollution has grown in the last few years due to the increase in the activities and
due to non-replacement of old facilities by more modern ones. The most contaminating industries
are: beers and drinks, slaughterhouses, metallurgist, refinery of oil and gas stations.
With the creation of the Under secretariat of Natural Resources within the Ministry of Agriculture
in 1989, some progress was achieved through sanctioning of several environmental laws, mainly for
forestation and reforestation, Protected Areas, Environmental Impact Assessment, and fisheries; and
ratification of the main international environmental conventions. In the year 2000 the Environment
Secretariat was created, although it encounters problems related to the lack of allocation of
sufficient resources to operate.
The current key environment issues include: deforestation, air pollution, water pollution poor means
of waste disposal and soil erosion. Evidently, there is a need for the EC in its co-operation
14
objectives to assist the government in tackling these issues and environmental requirements will be
integrated into all areas of the EC-Paraguay co-operation strategy.
Article 5 of Council Regulation 443/92 stipulates that Protection of the environment and natural
resources and sustainable development, shall be long-term priorities. The principal budget lines (B7310 and B-7311) have funded certain projects for the protection of the environment in Paraguay.
The priorities for Paraguay are in keeping with DG ENV’s own priorities as specified in the 6th
Community Environment Action Programme (6EAP, 2002-2011), on which the Environment
Council adopted a common position on 7 June 2001. The 6EAP identifies a number of priorities for
action: climate change and depletion of natural resources and the loss of bio-diversity are among the
biggest threats to sustainable development and require global action to solve them. With the
objective to reverse global deforestation and forest degradation, the EC will continue to participate
in the United Nations Forum on Forests (UNFF) and within the framework of the Convention on
Bio-diversity and other arenas.
The Paraguay ratified the Bio-diversity Convention in 1994 and is a member of the UNFF. Our
objective should be to promote the conservation and sustainable management of forests, in line with
the Commission Communication on “Forests and Development: the EC approach” (COM
(1999)554). We should in particular support Paraguay’s implementation of the UNFF Plan of
Action, National Forest Programmes and the CBD work programme on forest biological diversity.
Paraguay is part to the Climate Change Convention and ratified the Kyoto Protocol in 1999. In view
of the SP co-operation priorities, it will be most important to mutually develop the potential of the
Clean Development Mechanism under the Kyoto Protocol within the economic co-operation theme.
Furthermore, in the field of poverty alleviation, Paraguay’s vulnerability to the adverse effects of
climate change need to be assessed and adaptation measures need to be identified.
6XVWDLQDELOLW\RIFXUUHQWSROLFLHVDQGPHGLXPWHUPFKDOOHQJHV
Paraguay needs to consolidate democracy, increasing modern and transparent public management
and enhancing the Parliament and the Judiciary. With respect to the economy, Paraguay needs to
increase its presently low GDP growth and at the same time pursuing low inflation, stable external
accounts, ensuring fiscal and monetary discipline and strengthening an independent Central Bank.
The fight against poverty is the first priority for Paraguay in order to reduce social imbalances and
to reach a better political environment.
Poverty is concentrated in rural areas, which have experienced a stronger increase in both the extent
and depth of poverty. The percentage of individuals falling under the extreme poverty line in rural
Paraguay increased between 1995 and 1999.
Poverty is correlated with educational attainment. While school enrolment rates are high in primary
education in both urban and rural areas, there is a large gap in educational achievement in
secondary education.
Associated with poverty is a highly skewed distribution of income and land ownership; about 10
percent of the rural population owns two thirds of the land, while 70 percent of the rural population
owns less than 10 hectares, with a high Gini coefficient of 0.60.
Paraguay’s main priority consists of achieving political stability and good governance as well as
being able to effectively implement urgently needed economic and social reforms in order to
stimulate sustainable growth oriented investments and poverty reduction.
15
Paraguay’s response is included in the Economic and Social Strategic Plan, within the "Human
Development and Poverty Reduction" axis. On the basis of the reforms already achieved section,
Paraguay has a good chance to meet its poverty reduction objectives within the medium/long term,
provided that:
•
•
•
The efforts carried out in democratisation and modernisation are sustained;
Economic development follows the IMF projections;
Progress is achieved with regard to fiscal reforms, development of Paraguay’s foreign direct
investment regime as well as the legal security for investments, and promulgation and
implementation of pending laws (see table above).
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Paraguay’s main priority consists of: achieving political stability and good governance as well as
being able to effectively implement urgently needed economic and social reforms. This is to be
achieved by putting in place the Economic and Social Strategic Plan adopted by the government on
March 2001, , which seeks to reverse the negative trend of GDP growth over the last 20 years and
ensure sustainable development.
It is clear that for reducing social imbalances, Paraguay needs to have a more ambitious GDP
growth in the coming years. Modernisation of the State and the strengthening of institutions is the
key for consolidating the future development of Paraguay. The development is very much
dependent on the evolution of the Mercosur regional integration process which is experiencing
some difficulties and the fact that the Paraguayan economy is very linked to the Brazilian and
Argentinean economy which are currently having difficulties .
The EUis present in Paraguay not only as a donor but also as a major source of Foreign Direct
Investment - FDI (50% of total). However, the EU´s FDI has been declining since 1998, while the
FDI of other regions, such as that of NAFTA is increasing. This is an element of particular
importance given the fact that new investment opportunities are arising due to the progress that the
Government is making in the area of modernisation and reform of the State, issuing laws for
demonopolization, privatisation, and public procurement.
The EC has been co-operating with Paraguay since 1991 on the basis of the Framework Cooperation Agreement between the EC and the Republic of Paraguay signed on February 3, 1992.
The main areas of co-operation are rural and social development, as well as modernisation of the
State. The total project portfolio up to date comprises 61 projects for a total value of 91.3 million
Euros (out of which 45 have been finalised - for a total amount of 26.4 million Euros - and 16 are
currently under execution for a total amount of 64.9 million Euros). Presently, the EC is the main
donor in Paraguay.
The on-going projects of an amount of 64 millions Euros are implemented under the following
budget lines:
16
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Rural development: Rural development if the main co-operation sector, under which several
initiatives are being funded, namely, support to indigenous and peasant communities in the Chaco
, support to sustainable development of rural families in the Department of Caaguazu, and
water supply infrastructures health services in the Departments of San Pedro, Central and
Misiones.
Social development: Within this co-operation sector, the most important projects support
advancement of children and youths in high-risk situation in the cities of Asunción and Ciudad del
Este; and the advancement of women in Paraguay, particularly in the rural areas.
Modernisation of the state: A single project is being executed and it is aimed at strengthening and
modernising the Executive Branch, the Judicial Branch, as well as the Armed Forces
Environment: The EC support is aimed at the establishment of a monitoring center and network on
issues related to the environment and water resources of Paraguay.
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Under the budget line for NGO Co-financing (B-6000), several projects are implemented by
European NGOs in co-ordination with local NGOs, mostly in the rural and social sectors.
The European Commission Humanitarian Office (ECHO) is funding two projects addressing water
supply in favour of indigenous and peasant communities.
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Paraguay also participates in the following programmes: Alfa, URB-AL, Alure and Al-Invest and
will participate in the new @LIS programme. The impact of these projects in Paraguay has not been
very satisfactory, due to the fact that they have been small sized projects carried out within the
framework of sectoral policies that still need to be strengthened in Paraguay
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Paraguay is one of the Latin American countries receiving the highest amount of non-reimbursable
aid from both bilateral and multilateral donors. In 1999, international co-operation amounted to
USD236 million.
The main donors are the EC and Member States (currently ranking first with 34% of the total
amount of external aid granted to Paraguay in 1999), IDB, JICA, USAID and UN Agencies. The
main areas of intervention are rural, economic and social development, health, modernisation of the
State, education and employment.
International co-operation in Paraguay also includes loans that have been granted by several
international financial institutions, namely IDB, WB, IFAD, KFW, JBIC, CAF, Fonplata, and by
the Government of Taiwan. Loans currently under execution amount to approximately USD 800
million.
17
Bilateral cooperation of the Member States of the European Union
Germany: The objectives of the German co-operation in Latin America and particularly Paraguay
are aimed toward social imbalances, crisis prevention, environment, and consolidation of
democracy.
Germany has provided during the period 1994-1998, an amount of 87 million German Marks in the
following sectors: reform of the Paraguayan Penal Code, strengthening of the management
capacities in the public sector, regional development in Caaguazu and support to decentralisation .
Spain: Paraguay is considered as a priority in Latin America for Spain’s bilateral co-operation,
taking into account that it is one of the poorest countries in the region. Co-operation is currently
focusing in the sectors related to regional development in Caaguazu, education, and environment
and sustainable tourism in the Ybycui National Park .
The United Kingdom: During the period 1995-2000 the UK contributed to Paraguay with more
than 3 million Euros, mostly through technical co-operation, grants and in-kind contributions, and
humanitarian aid.
France: France is also active in Paraguay and focuses mostly in water resources with 1.9 million
Euros.
Other Member States are also providing aid to Paraguay with the overall objectives of poverty
alleviation, education and support to indigenous communities and rural development.
Other donors
Japan: Japan is has been traditionally a major donor, contributing to development in Paraguay
through both non-reimbursable aid (USD78,5 million) as well as loans in the following sectors:
health, education, professional training, small and medium sized enterprises, norms and standards,
forestry, rural development, employment, environment, transportation, industry.
The IDB : The IDB is extremely active in Paraguay. The IDB´s non reimbursable aid portfolio
amounts to USD 34 million to several sectors, natural resources, agriculture and rural development,
modernisation of the State, education, employment, health, industry, small and medium sized
enterprises. The IDB´s loan portfolio amounts to 34 loans for a total amount of USD 821,9 million
in 2000, thus making the IDB the main source of international funding to Paraguay. Main cooperation sectors of the IDB are competitiveness, modernisation of the State, rural development and
social reform.
The World Bank: The World Bank is also co-operating with Paraguay and currently has five active
loans for a total amount of USD 158,3 million in the sectors of water supply and sanitation; health,
nutrition and population; education and environment.
Other financial institutions: Loans have been also granted by IFAD with USD 22 million, as well
as Fonplata and the CAF (Corporación Andina de Fomento) which are also granting loans for
development in Paraguay of an amount of 66 millions US dollars.
USA: USAID provides financial aid to Paraguay in the areas of State modernisation, environment
and health, contributing with USD22.6 million in 1999.
18
UN Agencies: Several UN Agencies provide aid to Paraguay, especially UNDP, UNICEF,
WHO/PAHO, UNESCO, FAO. The UN aid amounts to approximately USD 15.9 million in 1999.
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Given the big number of projects, their relatively small size as well as the lack of concentration of
the funds, the lack of co-ordination with other donors and most importantly the lack of State policy
in the areas of intervention, the results in terms of impact and sustainability of the projects have not
always been optimal. Now the Commission considers more important to focus on few sectors and
with the opening of the Delegation in Asuncion, the Commission will be in a better position to
monitor and to make more efficient our co-operation with Paraguay. During 2001 the mid term
evaluations of projects “Desarollo duradero del Chaco Paraguayo” and “Apoyo a la modernizacion
institucional del Paraguay” have been carried out. The lessons learned as a result of those
evaluations are being taken into account in the programming and implementation of new projects.
On the basis of the above elements, and taking into account past experience as well as the new
guiding principles of EU´s external aid, co-operation with Paraguay should be based on:
•
Concentration of funds in key areas of the internal policy; while taking care that the proposed
programmes do not substitute but complement internal programmes.
•
Specialisation, in those areas where the EC has specific expertise and the best capacity to
transfer know how, while special efforts should be made to co-ordinating the programmes with
the Member States bilateral co-operation, as well as with the co-operation of other international
donors, and
•
Sustainability, understood as the continuation of the programmes achievements after their
completion, which implies a better involvement not only of the national executing agencies but
also of the beneficiaries themselves.
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*HQHUDOREMHFWLYHDQGSULQFLSOHV
The main objective of the EC response strategy is to focus on three priority sectors:
I) Modernisation of the State and Institutional Development
II) Productive development, competitiveness and investments in framework of the Paraguayan
regional integration in Mercosur
III) Human development and poverty reduction
The EU strategy must also be in line with the EC general co-operation objectives, which are to
reduce poverty, to consolidate democracy and to enhance economic development. Co-operation
with a poor country such as Paraguay cannot be based on the same criteria as co-operation with
richer countries; co-operation funds should be used whenever possible as an instrument to
implement or support the implementation of specific issues foreseen in the political and economical
Association agreement negotiated with Mercosur.
19
Secondly, the EU strategy should be fully coherent with the “Memorandum of Understanding”,
which was signed in Luxembourg in June 2001 and foresees an indicative financial envelope of ¼
51.7 million for the period 2000-2006 (see annex ). The priorities identified within the MOU remain
valid. Nevertheless, an evaluation can be carried out in accordance with article VI of the MOU.
Local consultations with the EU Member States have shown the full compatibility of the proposed
sectors and priorities with the analysis, strategy and activities of the Member States.
Thirdly, the strategy should build on past experience. In the case of Paraguay, more time and
resources should be allocated to project identification within the selected sectors so as to focus the
choice on projects with a real European value added. This involves a better co-ordination with the
Member States. Furthermore, the EU should support the sustainability of Paraguayan entities
created through the EC co-operation and an increased decentralisation should be targeted.
And finally, the strategy should be complementary to the Member States’ and other donors’
strategy. Therefore, when selecting a project a special attention must be given to what other donors
do, which involves a good knowledge at project level. Impeding all EU interventions in these areas
would however not make sense given the variety of intervention possibilities but it seems necessary
to avoid duplications. It is important to stress that World Bank, the IDB and the EU are foreseeing
mostly in the modernisation of the State and poverty.
The EU response will be also supportive of improving sector policies in Paraguay and a specific
synergy could be made with EU policies. Moreover our response will be very much dependent on
the political evolution of the country as well as the available financial resources of Paraguay in
future co-operation with the EU.
3ROLF\PL[DQGFRKHUHQFHZLWK(8SROLFLHV
Respect for democratic principles, the rule of law and good governance constitute the cornerstone
of the relations between the EU and the countries of the Mercosur to be implemented through the
&)63 and political dialogue at the various levels (Heads of State and Government, Ministers, ad
hoc group of high officials etc.).
The European Union encourages Paraguay and its efforts to support the Mercosur regional
integration process and our strategy is clearly reflected in the directives for the negotiation by the
Commission of an Association Agreement between Mercosur and the European Union.
As far as WUDGHDVSHFWV are concerned, the long-term objective in relation to the Mercosur countries
is the full liberalisation of trade and investment. This will imply pursuing the conclusion of the
EU/Mercosur negotiations for an Interregional Association Agreement, a key element for the future
EU-Latin American relations and European presence in Latin America. In the short and medium
term this implies pursuing the EU/Mercosur negotiations, while at the same time trying to solve the
main trade irritants and prevent the introduction of new barriers. The priority is thus to come to
amicable agreement with the Mercosur countries on priority market access cases, which contravene
WTO rules, via bilateral consultations and to establish lists and analyse other cases of market access
barriers. In the area of co-operation, trade concerns should be taken into account, especially in the
EU-Mercosur framework.
This wish to liberalise trade has a number of important side effects : being that the EU is trying to
promote its way of functioning at the level of other community policies in order to facilitate
exchanges and strengthen the commercial opportunities available, in particular in the fields of single
20
market policy, tax and customs policies, competition policy and statistics. Now the Paraguayans
authorities consider that the trade aspects are the first priority in its relationship with the EU.
Trade related technical assistance in the WTO framework:
The Council and the Commission adopted on 10 November 2000 a joint Statement on European
Community’s Development Policy, in which Trade and Development and Institutional Capacity
Building were mentioned as two out of six priorities identified for the Community’s Development
Policy.
The EC will support Paraguay in its efforts to build up its regulatory, legislative and institutional
capacities to implement and apply its WTO commitments in fields such as TBT/SPS, Trade Related
Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), and customs valuation.
With regard to the Doha Development Agenda, the EC will support Paraguay in its efforts to build
its institutional, judicial and regulatory capacities in trade related fields. Technical assistance will be
provided to build capacity in the areas of trade facilitation (simplification, harmonisation and
automation of import, export and transit procedures), the improvement of the domestic competition
policy framework, assistance in the analysis of tariff and no tariff priorities and needs, and support
for the further development of Paraguay’s foreign direct investment regime (increasing its capacity
to attract and benefit from FDI, human and institutional development).
In the area of the VLQJOH PDUNHW SROLF\ the EU’s strategy is to conclude a public procurement
agreement, which it is currently negotiating with Mercosur, thus aiming at a reciprocal opening up
of the sector to European companies and, more in general, the EU is seeking to promote its
practices in this area. The EU is also interested in concluding an agreement on concessions and
other types of public-private partnerships. The current negotiations with Mercosur should ensure
that the countries provide an effective and appropriate protection of intellectual and industrial
property rights in accordance with the highest international standards, including effective means of
enforcing such rights provided for in international treaties.
The EU is by far the most important importer of agricultural produce from the Mercosur countries,
absorbing 39% of the agricultural exports of Mercosur. More than 60% of the agricultural imports
from Mercosur enter the EU at a 0% customs rate. In addition, certain products benefit from a
preferential access in the framework of tariff contingents. However, the Mercosur countries, which
are major producers in the agricultural field, reject the EU’s Common Agricultural Policy (CAP)
and are striving for a total liberalisation of trade in this area, in particular through the Cairns Group.
However, it has to be mentioned that the CAP has significantly changed during the past years, with
social and environmental measures being strengthened, while institutional prices have been
lowered, leading to gradual approximation of community agricultural prices to the level of world
prices. Although the bilateral trade between Paraguay and the EU is rather low, trade will be
increased in the future. Protection of intellectual property rights should be one of our priorities in
Paraguay.
Measures taken by the EU in the framework of some of its policies, such as its KHDOWK DQG
FRQVXPHUSURWHFWLRQSROLF\, might be referred to by some as being “protectionist”, however, they
relate to an established level of quality required by European consumers. If Paraguay wishes to
maintain their strong presence in the European market, they will have to adapt to the established
requirements for food safety of European consumers, thus the importance for Paraguay of
concluding a veterinary and phythosanitary agreement with the EU.
21
In the area of VFLHQFH, the community policy also has a significant impact on Brazil, Argentina and
Chile. The EU is seeking co-operation with these countries, in particular to allow high-level
researchers from these countries to participate in community research. The EC has already signed a
science and technology co-operation agreement with Argentina, in order to open up reciprocal
possibilities to participate in the programmes and activities managed by each party in the field of
R&D, while discussions are underway with Brazil. It is the EU’s strategy to favour the concrete
implementation of these agreements, recommending the Mercosur authorities to finance the
participation by their researchers in the projects of the 6th Framework Programme and supporting
the participation of European researchers in the research programmes of these countries. Moreover,
there is a community programme called INCO, which offers possibilities of scientific co-operation
in the areas of health, agriculture, environment and development policy. In the case of Paraguay,
co-operation in the science area is less relevant but nothing excludes the possibility of exploring
further ideas in this field.
Finally, other Community policies deserve to be mentioned to the extent that they may influence the
EU’s co-operation strategy. In the field of the HQYLURQPHQW the EU has funded certain projects for
the protection of the environment in Paraguay. The key environmental issues include: deforestation,
air pollution, water pollution, poor means of waste disposal and soil erosion. Evidently, there is a
need for the EC in its co-operation objectives to assist the government in tackling these issues. The
priority for action in Paraguay will be climate change and the de depletion of natural resources and
the loss of bio-diversity. Also to halt and reverse global deforestation and forest degradation. We
should in particular support Paraguay’ implementation of the UNFF Plan of Action, National Forest
Programmes and the CBD work programme on forest biological diversity. It will be important to
mutually develop the potential of the clean Development Mechanism under the Kyoto Protocol
within the economic co-operation theme. Furthermore, in the field of poverty alleviation,
Paraguay’s vulnerability to the adverse effects of Climate Change need to be assessed and
adaptation measures need to be identified. Paraguay should be encouraged to implement the
international commitments under these agreements.
The development of the LQIRUPDWLRQVRFLHW\is also an important horizontal objective for the EU,
having a positive impact on essential development issues. In the field of WUDQVSRUW priorities are
markets integration and improvement of security/safety inair and maritime transport, while in the
field of HQHUJ\ the EU seeks to ensure security of supply including an appropriate energy
infrastructure network and to develop alternative sources of energy. In this field the multiannual
programme to promote international co-operation in the energy sector allowed for the financing of
co-operation projects with the Mercosur countries, to assist them in defining, formulation and
implementing their energy policies in areas of mutual interest and to promote industrial cooperation in the energy sector. Comparable projects might be supported under the planned energy
co-operation programme of the future (Intelligent Energy for Europe). In the area ofFRPSHWLWLRQ
the EU is stimulating Mercosur countries to adopt legislation on competition which basically should
be inspired by the EU model for competition policy.
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As a result of the above mentioned considerations, a strategy based on the following priorities can
be proposed for 2002-2006:
I.
Modernisation of the State and Institutional Development.
22
II.
Productive Development, competitiveness and investments in the framework of the
Paraguayan regional Integration in Mercosur
III.
Human Development and poverty reduction
1DWLRQDO,QGLFDWLYH3URJUDP
7KH1DWLRQDO,QGLFDWLYH3URJUDPPH
The national indicative programme covers the budgetary period 2000-2006 and its financial
envelope amounts to ¼PLOOLRQDQGFRQFHUQVRQO\EXGJHWOLQHV%ILQDQFLDODQGWHFKQLFDO
co-operation (¼PLOOLRQDQG%HFRQRPLFFRRSHUDWLRQ¼PLOOLRQ7KHILQDOVHOHFWLRQ
of projects and correspondent amounts will be made according with the results of the identification
missions and the preparatory work made by the Commission. The indicative program depends on
the annual budgetary funds available on the Commission and will be in agreement with the
principles of monitoring, evaluation and revision of the CSP.
The priority areas identified in the co-operation strategy with Paraguay are the following :
I.
Modernisation of the State and Institutional Development (∈6 million)
II.
Productive Development, competitiveness and investments in the framework of the
Paraguayan regional integration in Mercosur (∈21.7million)
III.
Human Development and poverty reduction (∈24 million)
I. Modernisation of the State and institutional development (6 millions EUR)
2EMHFWLYH5HVXOWV
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2EMHFWLYH
- Improved capacity of State institutions to
implement and follow-up reform and
modernisation of the State.
- Improved public services in the field of justice, fiscal,
education and health
([SHFWHGUHVXOWV
-
Modernisation of institutions
- Policies, laws, and regulations implemented
- Zero base budget implemented
- Local governments providing services
&URVVFXWWLQJWKHPHVSULRULW\DUHDVRI(&GHYHORSPHQWSROLF\
Good governance, human rights and the rule of law
23
3URJUDPPHFRPSRQHQWV
-
Fiscal reform, in order to promote new policies in favour of better social integration
and institutional building.
Legal security for foreign investments
Decentralisation
Capacity building for negotiation in political and regional integration fora and
implementation of the national anticorruption plan
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Budget Line: Financial and Technical Co-operation
-
Estimated amount: 6 million Euro
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Creating an export push.
Increased EU direct investments
Trade Related Technical Assistance in the WTO
framework (see 5.2)
Trigger reforms in trade sector
Fight against informal trade sector
Improvement of training capacities of customs
officials
Full integration of Paraguay within Mercosur and
catalyse EU-Mercosur trade relations
-
-
Trade flows with Mercosur and EU
Annual export volumes/incomes
Development of an export-friendly
environment, harmonising standards and
quality control
Export promotion
Public opinion campaigns against informal
trade sector
Reinforce veterinary and phytosanitary
controls
Development of institutional capacity in
trade fields, trade facilitation, competition
policy, intellectual property rights,
customs and valuation
Expected results:
-
-
-
-
-
Development of key indicators with
Information and quality management system appropriate statistical methodologies and
relevant statistical information systems
for export products developed.
International standards for products and
services adopted.
Improved quality and aggregate value of export products
-
Coverage and quality of services
Contracts achieved between
producers/exporters and buyers
Certifications of products and services
issued
Certifications of products and services
issued
Annual export volumes/incomes
24
Environment, institutional capacity building and modernisation of the State, regional
integration and co-operation, transport
3URJUDPPHFRPSRQHQWV
-
Technical assistance for capacity building of PROPARAGUAY and of the Instituto
Nacional de Tecnología y Normalización
Technical assistance for implementation of certifying institutions;
Technical assistance to implement a pilot regional cluster of SMEs.
-
Budget Line: Economic Co-operation
-
Estimated amount: 8.4 million Euro
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Private local and foreign investments in Paraguay
improved.
-
Development of handicrafts
Promote second generation structural reforms
Development of Paraguay’s foreign direct investment
regime
-
EU direct investments in Paraguay
Local investments
Tourism flow and participation of tourism
in national GDP
Institutional strengthening, technological
upgrading, promotion of foreign direct
investment, considerable improvement in
the services sector, including increased
efficiency of service delivery and
enhancing technical skills of the labour
force
Increasing its capacity to attract and
benefit from FDI, human and institutional
development
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- Increase of FDI, in particular European
Increased family incomes in the
handicrafts SMEs sector
- Better policies in favour of SME’s
- Increasing legal security for FDI
-
-
Development of the handicrafts sector SMEs
-
25
Environment, gender equality, institutional capacity building and modernisation of the
State, regional integration and co-operation, transport, trade and development, support to
macroeconomic policies with link to poverty reduction
3URJUDPPHFRPSRQHQWV
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Technical assistance for development and adoption of innovative organisation and
financial mechanisms, and transfer of technology/know-how to strengthen the
handicrafts sector SMEs;
-
Budget Line: Technical and Financial Co-operation
-
Estimated amount: 13.3 million Euro
8VLQJFRGLILFDWLRQRI7UDGH5HODWHG7HFKQLFDO$VVLVWDQFHDQG&DSDFLW\%XLOGLQJ757$&%
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Development, competitiveness and investments in the framework of the Paraguayan regional
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- Improve human development
- Strengthening environmental aspects and natural
resources
- Support disabled people, indigenous culture, women and
children
- Poverty alleviation.
Percentage of population in situation of
extreme poverty and with unmet basic needs.
26
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-
Improve integral support to the rural communities trough a program including
health, education and economic activities
-
-
Development of familial micro-enterprises
-
Improvement of the handicraft
-
sector
-
Support to institutional building
Support to poverty sector of communities
-
Coverage and quality of services.
Income of beneficiary rural families above
the poverty line.
Community based organizations;
participation of women and youths
Development of local capacities in the field
of projects for rural development
Promotion of women.
-
Gender equality, environment, support to macroeconomic policies with link to poverty reduction (health,
education), food security and sustainable rural development
3URJUDPPHFRPSRQHQWV
-
Strengthening of integrated rural development in critical regions;
Technical assistance to rural organisations in formulation of rural development
proposals and projects;
Construction of housing for poor families.
Programs in favour of women promotion and equal opportunities in Paraguay
-
-
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Improved livelihoods of the rural and urban poor
population.
Percentage of population in situation of
extreme poverty and with unmet basic needs.
27
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Housing conditions for poor families improved.
- Access to basic services by the rural population improved.
-
-
Increased
sustainable
resources.
family
income
management
of
through
natural
Local capacities for community planning,
management
and
implementation
strengthened.
Coverage and quality of services.
Income of beneficiary rural families above
the poverty line.
-
Community based organizations;
participation of women and youths
-
Beneficiary families have access to their
own houses.
-
Gender equality, environment, support to macroeconomic policies with link to poverty reduction (health,
education), food security and sustainable rural development
3URJUDPPHFRPSRQHQWV
-
Strengthening of integrated rural development in critical regions;
Technical assistance to rural organisations in formulation of rural development
proposals and projects;
Construction of housing for poor families.
Programs in favour of women promotion and equal opportunities in Paraguay
-
-
2
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Establish the basis of a new development model supported in private enterprise, by eliminating the
obstacles and structural inefficiencies of the productive and institutional system to obtain the
supported and sustainable increase in the per capita real GDP, the increase in jobs and the reduction
in poverty
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Productive
Development, Human development
Competitiveness
and Reduction in Poverty
Investments
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Support
for
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Strengthening
of
Paraguayan foreign trade
EUR 8.400.000
•
Support Area for the
Promotion of Investments
for
Economic
Development
and
development
of
handicrafts
EUR 13.300.000
and Institutional development and Macro-economic Balance
Modernisation of the State
Human development and •
Reduction in Poverty
EUR 11. 000.000
Support Area for the
Reform and Institutional
Modernisation
EUR 6000.000
Support
to
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communities and housing
EUR 13. 000.000
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Productive Development,
Support for the Strengthening Paraguayan foreign trade
Support for the Promotion of Investments, SME’s and
Competitiveness and Investments Development of handicrafts
Human development y
Reduction in the Poverty
1. Human Development and Reduction of Poverty
2. support to rural communities and housing
Institutional development y
Modernisation of the State
Support for the Reform and Institutional Modernisation
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8.400.000
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11.000.000
13.000.000
6.000.000
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would be
suitable keep a certain flexibility to review the figures on the basis of specific identification mission results
2
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Productive Development, Competitiveness and Investments
Grant the pequenas and medium-sized companies the advantages of the economies of scale through cooperation and complementing, development
of strategic alliances and the incorporation of new technologies, to direct production towards the exporting of products
agri-foodstuff and manufactured products of value added with greater world demand, all this supported for the private sector
&RRSHUDWLRQLQ,PSOHPHQWDWLRQDQGRU1HJRWLDWLRQ
Support for the strengthening of the exports of Paraguay (1)
Support for the promotion of investments for economic
development(1)
Improvement of the technology of production of
vegetables for small farmers
Research into the production of soya
Support for implementation of the EDEP
Business articulation (3)
Strategic planning for sustainable development
Floor conservation techniques
National strategy for the protection of the natural resources(3)
Initiative for the Protection of Wild Areas of Paraguay (3)
Restructuring of the National Park Ybycui (3)
Improvement of the technology of verification and inspection
in the area of mass(1)
Support for the development of the trade-mark Paraguay
Quality (1)
Study of identification, reparation and modernisation of the airport
Commercial negotiations (3)
Regulatory framework of the electrical sector
Competitive clean industrial production (1)
Multipurpose Centre of Environmental and Hydrologic Monitoring (3)
Study on the Reforestation Plan in the Eastern Region (3)
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8.400.000
-$3$1
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17.000.000
424.530
1.289.730
930.000
1.668.990
459.055
302.764
8.896.363
126.400
4.000.000
750.000
200.000
1.613.000
123.000
2.250.000
2.500.000
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Human development and Reduction in the Poverty
Are offered a group of actions to permit that jobs created by the investments stipulated in the competitiveness sector
they benefit fairly to the whole population, especially to poor sectors. It is proposed attacking the poverty on several levels
in all areas, with preventive and focus in the participation of the latter affected, not merely care attendant.
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Support for the consolidation of rural settlements (3)
General credit programme for micro-enterprises II (3)
Improvement of dairy production for small producers (3)
Pilot self-development project of the farmer Communities (3)
Sustainable development of the family economy in the department
Caaguazu (3)
Viable development in the Caazapa department
Lasting development of the Paraguayan Chaco (2)
Strengthening initial and pre-school education
Professionalisation of teachers not called
Strengthening bilingual education
Strengthening permanent education in obstreticia infirmary
Education in population and development and reproductive health in FF aa
Education and services in reproductive health in the National Police
Sexual education for young pairs of the rural area
Strengthening of the reproductive health programme in the MSP
Supply of drinking water and waste water treatment
Integral health of the adolescent and reproductive health
Integral help for minors in situation high-risk (2)
Children and adolescent workers in the street (2)
Centre network of Initiatives and Development of Women (2)
Professional promotion service Paraguayan Japanese
Training and labour qualification
Support for youth
Training for trainers for SMES
Improvement of the surveys of living conditions
)18$3
.25($
20.300.000
910.000
4.000.000
425.600
18.100.000
2.209.945
14.800.000
470.000
148.400
304.000
5.000.000
313.412
92.586
291.401
613.445
4.800.000
949.979
10.030.000
4.682.000
8.200.000
261.080
2.334.000
400.000
2.000.000
647.000
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&HQWUHRI$FWLRQ Institutional development and Modernisation of the State
2EMHFWLYH
The directed policies to convert the State into an instrument apt to comply with its duties understand, on the one hand, the strengthening
of the institutional building, and on the other, the remotion of the obstacles and institutional deficiencies that limit their effectiveness today.
Support for the reform and institutional
modernisation (2)
Strengthening of the decentralised administrative structures
Integrated system of account and project administration
Support for the institutional modernisation of Paraguay (2)
Planning for environmental urban development and weirs
Plan of territorial ordering and integral regional development in
departments of Caaguazu, Guaira and Caazapa (2)
Support for the development of acquisitions you
publish
Financial transparency
Strengthening of democratic institutions II
Support programme for civic education
Support for the Anti-corruption
National Plan
Reform of the Paraguayan Penal Legal Order
Support for the development of the national
dialogue
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2.408.300
150.000
5.300.000
1.500.000
127.350
1.260.000
500.000
216.000
555.000
605.000
1.450.471
165.000
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(1) In phase of identification for EU projects
(2) In implementation for EU projects
(3) In pipeline for EU projects in Paraguay
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La Communauté européenne, ci-après dénommée « la Communauté », représentée par la Commission des
Communautés européennes, ci-après dénommée « la Commission », et le Gouvernement de la République du Paraguay,
ci-après dénommé "le Gouvernement", représenté par le Secrétariat Technique de Planification ;
CONSIDÉRANT l'accord-cadre de coopération du 3 février 1992, entre la Communauté européenne et la République
du Paraguay qui prévoit le développement de plusieurs secteurs de coopération, spécialement dans des questions
institutionnelles, économiques, agricoles, industrielles, environnementales, de lutte contre la drogue, de tourisme,
scientifiques et technologiques, éducatives, de santé, d’administration publique et d'intégration régionale ;
CONSIDÉRANT que le règlement (CE) n°443/92 du Conseil des Communautés européennes du 25 février 1992 établit
les principes de base de l'aide financière et technique et de la coopération économique avec les pays en voie de
développement en Amérique latine et que, dans son article 9, il suggère d’établir, dans la mesure du possible, une
programmation pluriannuelle indicative par pays ;
CONSIDÉRANT la nécessité d'exécuter les programmes, projets et activités spécifiques de coopération financière et
technique et de coopération économique qui puissent apporter une contribution effective au développement intégral du
pays,
CONVIENNENT DES DISPOSITIONS SUIVANTES :
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L'objectif du présent Mémorandum d'accord est la définition des orientations pluriannuelles pour la mise en marche des
programmes de coopération entre la Commission et le Gouvernement pendant la période 2000-2006.
&RQWH[WH
L'ensemble des activités couvertes par le présent Mémorandum pour la période indiquée, se réfère à la coopération
financière et technique et à la coopération économique, dont les règles de gestion et les modalités d'assignation sont
fixées dans le règlement (CE) n°443/92 du Conseil des Communautés européennes du 25 février 1992.
Outre les actions de coopération comprises dans le présent Mémorandum, pourront être effectuées d'autres actions de
coopération financées par la Communauté, tant à caractère régional, que national ou décentralisé (par exemple : des
projets développés par les ONG, programmes AL-INVEST, ALURE, URB-AL, ALPHA, SYNERGIE, etc.).
Les priorités de coopération pour la période 2000-2006 ont été fixées en accord avec les orientations politiques du
nouveau gouvernement du Paraguay, constitué en mars 1999, et en prenant comme base les priorités définies par les
orientations pluriannuelles pour les pays, contenues dans le document (OPIN-IB/1054/98), élaboré par la Commission
en concertation avec les autorités paraguayennes, et approuvées par le Comité PVD/ALA lors de sa 138ème réunion du
27 octobre 1998.
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Pour l’établissement des secteurs et sous-secteurs sur lesquels la Commission concentrera ses actions de coopération
pour la période 2000-2006, ainsi que pour garantir une gestion efficace de ces dernières, ont été prises en considération
les dispositions de base suivantes :
1
-
Les secteurs et sous-secteurs sélectionnés auront pour instance de référence les priorités politiques définies
par les nouvelles autorités paraguayennes, contenues dans le document PROGRAMA DE GOBIERNO
1999-2003. Ceci permettra à l'action de la Commission d'être en accord avec les objectifs des politiques de
développement économique et social du Gouvernement ;
-
Le Gouvernement assurera les ressources budgétaires de contrepartie nécessaires, ainsi que leurs
paiements au moment et de la manière pour l'exécution des actions prévus dans le présent Mémorandum ;
-
Les actions de coopération communautaire seront coordonnées avec celles développées de manière
bilatérale par les États Membres de l'Union Européenne au Paraguay, ainsi qu'avec celles d'autres
donneurs de fonds, afin d'éviter la superposition d'actions ;
-
Le Gouvernement s'engage à établir les mécanismes interinstitutionnels qui seront nécessaires pour
permettre une bonne coordination avec les différents ministères ou organismes responsables, ainsi qu'avec
les autres donneurs de fonds ;
-
Le Gouvernement garantira que les ressources provenant de la Commission pour financer les différents
projets abordés dans le présent Mémorandum, seront gérées en accord avec ce qui est stipulé dans chaque
Convention de financement ;
Le Gouvernement désigne le Secrétariat Technique de Planification responsable du suivi des actions de coopération
prévues dans le présent Mémorandum ainsi que de leurs obligations dérivées.
Ce Mémorandum d'accord a été élaboré en en informant les Ambassades des États Membres de la Communauté établies
à Asunción.
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Conformément à l'accord-cadre de coopération, au document définissant les priorités pour le pays (OPIN), et aux lignes
directrices du PLAN DE GOBIERNO 1999-2003 du Gouvernement, la coopération entre la Communauté européenne et
la République du Paraguay pendant la période 2000-2006, se concentrera sur les secteurs et sous-secteurs ou
programmes détaillés ci-dessous :
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Le développement soutenable du Paraguay requiert comme condition et support fondamental la construction d'un État
efficace dans sa conduite, décentralisé dans sa gestion et participatif dans ses décisions, ce qui entraîne de donner la
priorité essentiellement aux programmes de réforme institutionnelle et de modernisation de l'État.
Le développement rural intégré et soutenable constitue la potentialité du Paraguay, en entendant par là non seulement la
production primaire agricole, forestière et d'élevage, mais aussi la transformation industrielle de celle-ci et sa
commercialisation privilégiée vers le Marché commun du Sud (MERCOSUR).
L’état de pauvreté est l'obstacle à ce développement et doit être résorbé par le biais de programmes orientés vers la
promotion et la qualification sociale (micro-entreprises artisanales et familiales).
La stratégie des "clusters" (agrégats) ou ensembles intégrés d’entreprises, basée sur les PME, requiert non seulement
une attention correspondant à leur nature, mais aussi que les différentes régions où ces derniers sont installés aient leur
propre plan de développement selon leurs caractéristiques et potentialités particulières.
Des modèles de développement rural soutenable augmentant le capital social (éducation, logement, santé) et tenant
compte du potentiel du capital environnemental, ont besoin d'être renforcés dans tout le territoire du pays. La stratégie
de développement présente un composant nécessaire dans la promotion des outils institutionnels et technologiques, tels
qu’un système national de certification et accréditation des produits et laboratoires technologiques fiables qui assurent
la compétitivité de la production paraguayenne.
La protection de l'environnement requiert non seulement l'instauration de modèles appliqués d'organisation et de gestion
de bassins, mais aussi le développement de programmes apportant une valeur économique à l'environnement, comme
c’est le cas pour l'implantation généralisée d'un tourisme écologique. Le tourisme, d'autre part, a un effet agglutinant
2
d'autres activités connexes telles que le développement artisanal, la récupération du patrimoine historico-culturel et la
conservation des parcs et réserves naturelles, en plus de la création d'une importante quantité de nouveaux emplois.
En fonction de ce cadre de référence du développement économique et social, les objectifs et contenus dans chacun des
secteurs identifiés comme prioritaires ont été déterminés dans le document OPIN.
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Il a été décidé que les disponibilités budgétaires annuelles de la Communauté ne doivent pas obliger à fractionner, en
phases ou projets partiels, les programmes qui par leur nature et cohérence de gestion sont indivisibles et requièrent une
codirection unique.
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Le financement de la Communauté prévu pour l'ensemble des programmes établis dans le présent Mémorandum s’élève
à un montant de 51,7 millions d’euros pour la période 2000-2006, dans les lignes budgétaires B7-310-coopération
financière et technique (43,7 millions d’euros) et B7-311-coopération économique (8,0 millions d’euros). Ces montants
sont purement indicatifs car soumis à des variations éventuelles en fonction des disponibilités budgétaires effectives de
la Communauté.
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Les parties maintiendront, par le biais de leurs représentants respectifs, un dialogue permanent sur le suivi de ce qui est
établi dans le présent Mémorandum.
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Dans le cadre du dialogue prévu dans l'Article V, le présent Mémorandum fera l'objet d'une évaluation au
milieu de la période 2000-2006, afin de déterminer les éventuelles mesures et révisions considérées comme
opportunes pour assurer son bon accomplissement.
5
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Il est convenu que, à la demande de certaines des parties, celles-ci pourront, d'un commun accord, amender, modifier ou
compléter certaines des dispositions convenues dans le présent Mémorandum d'accord.
Pour la Commission de les
Communautés européennes
Pour le Gouvernement de la
République du Paraguay
Date
Date
Nom du signataire
Nom du signataire
6
$QQH[0DWUL['RQRUV¼
European Union
economical
development and
competitiveness
Social
Development
Modernisation
of the State
Macroeconomic
sector
7RWDO(XURV
BID
World Bank
Spain
1
Germany
Japan
7RWDO(XURV
2.124.136
295.632.121
4.765.380
35.687.739
2.734.318
9.480.899
350.424.593
89.643.427
209.580.431
92.627.299
60.909.336
3.554.470 12.667.131
468.982.094
14.013.784
93.971.361
13.240.293
17.301.856 11.267.796
4.499.437
1.935.883
105.781.347
601.119.796 110.632.972 113.898.931 17.556.584 26.647.467
154.294.527
1.935.883
975.637.097
In accordance with the information received from the German delegation, Germany committed 55.644.000 ¼EHWZHHQLQIDYRXURIELODWHUDOFRRSHUDWLRQZLWK
Paraguay, in particular in the fields of environment and modernisation of the State.
1
1
Annex 4 – Economic, trade and social data
STATISTICAL APPENDIX
3DUDJXD\
0DLQ(FRQRPLF7UDGH,QGLFDWRUV
Millions of USD (current prices)
Annual real growth rate
8.594
-0,4%
7.741
0,5%
7.501
-0,4%
2,0%
Per capita (USD 1982)
1.585
1.552
1.535
Structure by sectors
Primary sector
Secondary sector
Tertiary sector
100%
27,4%
20,0%
52,6%
100%
28,1%
20,1%
51,8%
100%
27,0%
20,4%
52,6%
*5266'20(67,&352'8&7
*'3DQQXDOJURZWKUDWH
0,03
0,02
3238/$7,21
(millions)
0
1998
-0,01
1999
2000*
2001**
5,4
(%GDP)
*5266'20(67,&,19(670(17
81(03/2<0(17
0,01
(% of EAP)
22,9%
23,0%
23,2%
6,6%
9,4%
16,0%
5HJLVWHUHG7UDGH
0LOOLRQVRI86'
(annual rate in %)
,1)/$7,21
Consumption prices
Exchange rate to USD
Inflation in USD
14,6%
23,8%
-7,4%
5,4%
16,7%
-9,7%
8,6%
6,4%
2,1%
10%
4.000
2.000
0
1998
-2.000
1999
2000*
Imports
Balance
&(175$/$'0,1,675$7,21
(% GDP)
%$/$1&(
0,0%
-3,5%
-4,5%
-2,0%
18,60%
27,20%
29,80%
30%
Exports
(% GDP)
'(%7
Gross external public debt
([SRUWV
75$'(
Registered Exports (millions of USD)
Mercosur
Registered Imports (millions of USD)
Mercosur
Balance
Openess [(Exports+Imports)/GDP]
Exports 2000 (millions of USD)
Cotton
Soya
Meat
Woods
Rest
Exports 2000 (%)
Imports 2000 (%)
1.014
531
2.471
1.383
-1.457
40,6%
741
308
1.725
890
-984
31,9%
871
553
2.038
1.091
-1.167
38,8%
0(5&2685
27+(56
727$/
535,7
78,7
188,2
23,7
27,9
217,2
316,1
12,7
94,2
47,3
43,9
118,1
851,8
91,4
282,4
71,0
71,8
335,3
0(5&2685
(8
1$)7$
63,5%
53,7%
13,6%
11,3%
OTHER
19%
4,0%
8,3%
NAFTA
4%
MERCO
SUR
63%
EU
14%
100,0%
10,7%
33,2%
8,3%
8,4%
39,4%
27+(56
18,9%
26,7%
,PSRUWV
27%
54%
8%
11%
MERCOSUR
EU
NAFTA
OTHERS
5174 %' ' %&GNGICVKQPHQT2 CTCIWC[CPF7TWIWC[%CNEWNCVKQPUDCUGFQP%GPVTCN$CPMQH2 CTCIWC[+/(CPF%' 2 #.FCVC2 TGNKO KPCT[' UVKOCVGF
May 25, 2001
1
3DUDJXD\
0HUFKDQGLVHEDODQFH
Million of USD - Registered imports and exports FOB
Mercosur
Brazil
Argentin
Uruguay
UE
Austria
Belgium
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Ireland
Italy
Luxembu
Netherlan
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
United Ki
Nafta
United St
Mexico
Canada
Others
TOTAL
Exports
553,13
336,56
93,58
122,98
118,24
0,01
1,60
0,34
0,01
5,43
6,72
0,68
0,01
30,29
0
61,68
0,69
7,14
0,06
3,56
34,77
33,62
0,74
0,41
164,80
870,94
Imports
1.101,77
502,07
521,38
78,31
232,07
3,69
3,37
1,34
0,63
21,87
57,89
2,85
0,82
44,51
0,05
8,81
2,99
29,97
24,27
29,01
169,18
147,04
18,24
3,90
547,37
2.050,39
Balance
-548,64
-165,51
-427,80
44,67
-113,83
-3,67
-1,76
-1,00
-0,62
-16,44
-51,17
-2,18
-0,81
-14,22
-0,05
52,87
-2,30
-22,83
-24,21
-25,45
-134,41
-113,42
-17,50
-3,49
-382,56
-1.179,45
Source: EC Delegation in Paraguay and Uruguay.
Calculations based on Central Bank of Paraguay data.
3DUDJXD\7UDGHE\UHJLRQ
0LOOLRQVRI86'
1.200,00
800,00
400,00
0,00
Mercosur
UE
Nafta
Others
-400,00
-800,00
Exports
Imports
Balance
25 May 2001
2
3DUDJXD\
)RUHLJQ'LUHFW,QYHVWPHQW
Flows - Thousands of USD
Country
1996
1997
1998
1999
Germany
26
Spain
9.979
France
510
14.402
United King
Netherland
20.753
Italy
-1.236
Portugal
225
Sweden
0
EU
44.659
Argentina
20.964
Brazil
6.579
Uruguay
5.963
33.506
Mercosur
Canada
-4.173
USA
32.326
Nafta
28.153
Colombia
-34
Chile
21.567
4.943
China (Taiw
Japan
0
-3.710
Liechtestein
10.505
Switzerland
Others
33.271
Total
139.589
3.606
2.712
978
3.654
24.513
568
1.241
0
37.272
26.145
17.622
17.178
60.945
1.245
108.732
109.977
625
2.911
19.094
0
-1.118
-3.923
17.589
225.783
-3.741
6.637
5.189
5.845
26.668
2.929
-299
5.143
48.371
63.124
52.180
9.223
124.527
387
158.222
158.609
2.216
867
-14.654
8.142
8.540
-3.263
1.848
333.355
987
3.703
-1.888
-313
29.401
-842
428
-895
30.581
23.395
-24.744
5.466
4.117
788
16.056
16.844
148
-2.400
447
3.270
-4.008
13.471
10.928
62.470
)',LQ3DUDJXD\
)ORZV7KRXVDQGRI86'
180.000
160.000
140.000
120.000
100.000
80.000
60.000
40.000
20.000
0
1996
EU
1997
Mercosur
1998
Nafta
1999
Others
Source: EC Delegation in Montevideo. Calculations based on Central Bank of Paraguay data.
3
3DUDJXD\
,PSRUWV)URP(8E\3URGXFW
Registered imports
Other machinery and equipment
Beverages and Tobacco
Transport equipment
Manufacture of Chemicals
Fuels and Lubricants
Manufacture of paper
Foodstuffs
Non-ferrous metal basic industries
Textiles
Iron basic industries
Agricultural machinery and equipment
Others
7RWDO
Machinery and equipment
Others
7RWDO
Millions of USD
94,51
29,39
23,72
23,41
9,34
7,88
3,94
3,35
2,90
2,24
1,54
29,85
232,07
Millions of USD
119,76
29,39
23,41
9,34
50,17
232,07
%
40,72%
12,66%
10,22%
10,09%
4,03%
3,40%
1,70%
1,45%
1,25%
0,97%
0,66%
12,86%
100,00%
%
51,61%
12,66%
10,09%
4,03%
21,62%
100,00%
3DUDJXD\,PSRUWV)URP(8
Others
22%
Fuels and
Lubricants
4%
Manufactur
e of
Chemicals
10%
Machinery
and
equipment
51%
Beverages
and
Tobacco
13%
Source: EC Delegation in Paraguay and Uruguay. Calculations based on Central Bank of Paraguay data.
25-mai-01
4
3DUDJXD\
Exports to EU by Product - 2000
Registered Exports
Product
Oleaginous seedbed
Leather
Meat
Wood
Essential oil
Vegetable oil
Cotton
Flour
Manufacture of wood
Sugar Cane
Other cattle products
Tobbaco
Prepared fruits
Furs
Pellet
Freezen cattle giblets
Cannws fan plam
Fresh fruits
Yerba Mate
Skilkworm cocoom
Cereals
Others
7RWDO
Million USD
51,22
23,62
7,05
5,76
4,41
3,75
3,42
2,51
2,14
2,05
2,02
2,01
0,76
0,74
0,34
0,28
0,05
0,04
0,01
0,01
0,00
6,05
118,24
%
43,32%
19,97%
5,96%
4,87%
3,73%
3,17%
2,89%
2,12%
1,81%
1,73%
1,71%
1,70%
0,64%
0,62%
0,29%
0,23%
0,04%
0,03%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
5,12%
100,00%
Product
Oleaginous seedbed
Leather
Meat
Wood + Manufacture of Wood
Oils
Cotton
Sugar Cane
Others
7RWDO
Million USD
51,22
23,62
7,05
8,27
8,16
3,42
2,05
14,45
118,24
%
43,32%
19,97%
5,96%
7,00%
7,00%
2,89%
1,73%
12,22%
100,00%
3DUDJXD\([SRUWVWR(8
Sugar
Cane
2%
Cotton
3%
Others
12%
Oils
7%
Wood +
Manufactu
re of
Wood
7%
Meat
6%
Oleaginou
s seedbed
43%
Leather
20%
25-mai-01
Source: EC Delegation in Paraguay and Uruguay. Calculations based on Central Bank of Paraguay data.
5
3DUDJXD\
,PSRUWVE\SURGXFW
Registered imports
Millions of USD
%
312,68
15,2%
205,66
10,0%
188,80
9,2%
Transport equipment
183,23
8,9%
Foodstuffs
139,17
6,8%
Textiles
73,60
3,6%
Manufacture of paper
71,98
3,5%
Iron basic industries
63,46
3,1%
Non-ferrous metal basic industries
20,75
1,0%
Agricultural machinery and equipment
20,26
1,0%
Other machinery and equipment
408,49
19,9%
Others
362,31
17,7%
Total
2.050,39
100,0%
Source: EC Delegation in Montevideo. Calculations based on Central Bank of Paraguay data (CD).
May 17, 2001
Millions of USD
312,68
611,98
205,66
188,80
139,17
592,10
2.050,39
Machinery and equipment
Foodstuffs
Others
Total
%
15,2%
29,8%
10,0%
9,2%
6,8%
28,9%
100,0%
3DUDJXD\,PSRUWV
Others
29%
Fuels and
Lubricants
15%
Foodstuffs
7%
Manufacture of
Chemicals
9%
Machinery and
equipment
30%
Beverages and
Tobacco
10%
Source: EC Delegation in Montevideo. Calculations based on Central Bank of Paraguay data.
May 17, 2001
6
3DUDJXD\
([SRUWVE\SURGXFW
Registered Exports FOB
Oleaginous seedbed
Cotton
Wood
Meat
Flour
Leather
Vegetable oil
Cereals
Pellet
Essential oil
Sugar
Other cattle products
Tobacco
Prepared fruits
Furs
Vegetables and legumes
Coffee
Canned fan plam
Yerba mate
Fresh fruits
Portland cement
Skilkworm cocoom
Others
Total
Millions of USD
290,04
92,53
75,06
72,73
62,38
55,98
41,96
31,74
14,51
10,02
8,37
3,72
3,67
1,73
0,91
0,43
0,38
0,34
0,30
0,16
0,13
0,08
103,76
870,94
%
33,30%
10,62%
8,62%
8,35%
7,16%
6,43%
4,82%
3,64%
1,67%
1,15%
0,96%
0,43%
0,42%
0,20%
0,10%
0,05%
0,04%
0,04%
0,03%
0,02%
0,02%
0,01%
11,91%
100,00%
1998
440,315
75,419
69,656
67,268
70,712
290,733
1014,103
1999
307,135
61,546
58,797
33,927
49,135
230,23
740,77
2000
285,924
78,493
75,062
70,37
42,029
319,063
870,941
2000 in %
32,83%
9,01%
8,62%
8,08%
4,83%
36,63%
100,00%
3DUDJXD\([SRUWV
Others
36%
Soya
33%
Cotton
9%
Vegeta
ble oil
5%
Meat
8%
Wood
9%
Millions of USD
Soya
Cotton
Wood
Meat
Vegetable oil
Others
Total
2000
285,924
78,493
75,062
70,37
42,029
319,063
870,941
2000 in %
32,83%
9,01%
8,62%
8,08%
4,83%
36,63%
100,00%
Millions of USD
Soya
Cotton
Wood
Meat
Vegetable oil
Others
Total
Source: EC Delegation in Montevideo. Calculations based on Central Bank of Paraguay data (February report, table 29).
May 17, 2001
7
3DUDJXD\
*'3LQ
6HFWRU
Agriculture
Livestock
Agriculture & Livestock
Forestry
Hunting and Fishing
3ULPDU\6HFWRU
Mining
Industry
Construction
6HFRQGDU\6HFWRU
Electricity
Water
Transport and Communications
Commerce and Finance
General Government
Housing
Other Services
7HUWLDW\6HFWRU
*'3
D (Current)
1.192
%
16%
606
8%
1.798
24%
215
3%
11
0%
2.024
27%
37
0%
1.070
14%
425
6%
3.556
47%
489
7%
37
0%
419
6%
1.551
21%
465
6%
217
3%
766
10%
3.944
7.501
53%
100%
Source: EC Delegation in Paraguay and Uruguay.
Calculations based on Central Bank of Paraguay data.
* Preliminary
$JULFXOWXUDO/LYHVWRFN*'3
0LOOLRQRI&RQVWDQW*XDUDQLHV
290.000
270.000
250.000
230.000
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000*
$JULFXOWXUDO/LYHVWRFN*'3
RI7RWDO*'3
26%
25%
24%
23%
22%
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000*
25-mai-01
8

Delegación de la Unión Europea en Paraguay

Transcripción

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CAVIALPA ABOUT US We are the “Paraguayan Chamber of Road

representative of suclf GohsTllC6fe\ieral, Consul, or Vice