UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE MAR DEL PLATA Facultad de
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UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE MAR DEL PLATA Facultad de
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE MAR DEL PLATA DEPARTAMENTO Producción Vegetal Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias AREA Uso Interno Folio Nº 1 Posgrado Ciencias de las Plantas y Recursos Naturales PROGRAMA DE Ecofisiología de Cultivos en Sistemas de Producción Intensivos CÓDIGO 662 1- OBJETIVOS: a) Caracterizar los sistemas intensivos de producción de plantas hortícolas en el área de influencia de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias (U.N.M.P.). b) Discutir los componentes y la formulación de diferentes propuestas productivas en emprendimientos hortícolas y ornamentales a través de un enfoque ecofisiológico. 2- CONTENIDOS MÍNIMOS: a) Describir la tecnología de manejo en emprendimientos hortícolas a partir de sus contenidos conceptuales. b) Describir las variables ecofisiológicas asociadas con la productividad y calidad comercial de productos hortícolas bajo cultivo intensivo. c) Relacionar las características ecofisiológicas de las diferentes especies hortícolas con el manejo tecnológico que permite optimizar la productividad comercial. Ciclo lectivo VIGENCIA Form. Prog. 1 Inicial Resp. 2016 UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE MAR DEL PLATA DEPARTAMENTO Producción Vegetal Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias AREA Uso Interno Folio Nº 2 Posgrado Ciencias de las Plantas y Recursos Naturales PROGRAMA DE Ecofisiología de Cultivos en Sistemas de Producción Intensivos CÓDIGO 662 3- PROGRAMA ANALÍTICO: I. Caracterización de un sistema de producción de plantas hortícolas bajo cultivo intensivo Describir las características tecnológicas de los cultivos intensivos hortícolas y los factores involucrados en la optimización de la producción en ambientes con bajo diferente grado de control ambiental. II. Implantación de cultivos en sistemas de producción intensivos Discutir los diferentes aspectos agronómicos pre-plantación que afectan la productividad final de cultivos hortícolas bajo cultivo intensivo. III. Generación del rendimiento en especies hortícolas Generar un esquema conceptual que describa los procesos ecofisiológicos involucrados en la generación del rendimiento en diferentes especies hortícolas, describiendo las herramientas de evaluación del crecimiento que permitan estimar los mecanismos involucrados. III.1. Cultivos para producción de hojas: lechuga, apio, espinaca, repollo. Descripción de las variables ecofisiológicas determinantes de la productividad y calidad comercial: iniciación y expansión de hojas; forma, tamaño y número de hojas. Relaciones fuente-destino. Cambios durante la ontogenia foliar. Mecanismos de retrocontrol asociados con la acumulación de biomasa aérea (relaciones hídricas, nutricionales y hormonales). Interpretación de las recomendaciones tecnológicas de manejo en términos ecofisiológicos que permitan optimizar las respuestas y variar las propuestas en diferentes sistemas de producción. III.2. Cultivos para producción de brotes: espárrago, repollito de Bruselas. Descripción de las variables ecofisiológicas determinantes de la productividad y calidad comercial: funcionamiento del órgano reservante e hipertrofia de yemas foliares en respuesta a estímulos, hídricos, nutricionales, hormonales y endógenas (partición de fotoasimilados). Discusión de la tecnología disponible y de los avances en el manejo hormonal que aseguren una máxima productividad. III.3. Cultivos para la producción de órganos reservantes: puerro, papa, cebolla, zanahoria, remolacha. Ecofisiología de la acumulación de reservas asociadas con el rendimiento comercial en órganos subterráneos. Descripción de los procesos de estolonización, tuberización, bulbificación e hipertrofia de raíces reservantes como una vía para entender las recomendaciones tecnológicas y sugerir estrategias culturales alternativas. Ciclo lectivo VIGENCIA Form. Prog. 2 Inicial Resp. 2016 UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE MAR DEL PLATA DEPARTAMENTO Producción Vegetal Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias AREA Uso Interno Folio Nº 3 Posgrado Ciencias de las Plantas y Recursos Naturales PROGRAMA DE Ecofisiología de Cultivos en Sistemas de Producción Intensivos CÓDIGO 662 3- PROGRAMA ANALÍTICO: III.4. Cultivos para la producción de inflorescencias: brócoli, coliflor. Ecofisiología de la floración. Iniciación floral, formación de la estructura prefloral. Variables involucradas en la generación del rendimiento comercial. III.5. Cultivos para la producción de frutos: tomate, pimiento, zapallo, zapallito. Ecofisiología de la fructificación. Crecimiento vegetativo-reproductivo. Procesos involucrados en el crecimiento y maduración de frutos. Frutos partenocárpicos. Forma y tamaño de frutos. Factores limitantes de la productividad. Discusión de la tecnología de producción en diferentes productos en términos de los factores involucrados en las recomendaciones tecnológicas. III.6. Cultivos para la producción de granos: poroto, arveja, maíz dulce. Ecofisiología de la producción de granos hortícolas. Descripción del ciclo productivo en función de las variables involucradas en la generación del rendimiento comercial. Identificación de limitantes potenciales y discusión de nuevas alternativas potenciales. Ciclo lectivo VIGENCIA Form. Prog. 2 Inicial Resp. 2016 UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE MAR DEL PLATA DEPARTAMENTO Producción Vegetal Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias AREA Uso Interno Folio Nº 4 Posgrado Ciencias de las Plantas y Recursos Naturales PROGRAMA DE Ecofisiología de Cultivos en Sistemas de Producción Intensivos CÓDIGO 662 4- PROGRAMA DE ACTIVIDADES PRÁCTICAS: CLASE N° 1: Problemática de Cultivos Intensivos. Características tecnológicas de los cultivos intensivos. Factores involucrados en la optimización de la producción bajo condiciones ambientales controladas. CLASE N° 2: Implantación de Cultivos Intensivos Descripción de los factores involucrados durante la implantación de cultivos en ambientes protegidos y el comportamiento de plantas a partir de diferentes formas de propagación. CLASE N° 3: Cultivos para producción de hojas (Lechuga) Descripción de los factores ecofisiológicas determinantes de la productividad y calidad comercial. Composición química. Diversificación de la oferta comercial. Manejo tecnológico alternativo. CLASE N° 4: Cultivos para producción de hojas (Apio, Espinaca, Repollo) Descripción de los factores ecofisiológicas determinantes de la productividad y calidad comercial. Composición química. Diversificación de la oferta comercial. Manejo tecnológico alternativo. CLASE N° 5: Cultivos para producción de brotes (Espárrago) Descripción de los factores ecofisiológicas determinantes de la productividad y calidad comercial. Composición química. Diversificación de la oferta comercial. Manejo tecnológico alternativo. CLASE N° 6: Cultivos para producción de yemas hipertrofiadas (Repollito de Bruselas) Descripción de los factores ecofisiológicas determinantes de la productividad y calidad comercial. Composición química. Diversificación de la oferta comercial. Manejo tecnológico alternativo. CLASE N° 7: Cultivos para producción de órganos reservantes (Puerro-Cebolla) Descripción de los factores ecofisiológicas determinantes de la productividad y calidad comercial. Composición química. Diversificación de la oferta comercial. Manejo tecnológico alternativo. CLASE N° 8: Cultivos para producción de órganos reservantes (Papa) Descripción de los factores ecofisiológicas determinantes de la productividad y calidad comercial. Composición química. Diversificación de la oferta comercial. Manejo tecnológico alternativo. CLASE N° 9: Cultivos para producción de órganos reservantes (Zanahoria-Remolacha) Descripción de los factores ecofisiológicas determinantes de la productividad y calidad comercial. Composición química. Diversificación de la oferta comercial. Manejo tecnológico alternativo. CLASE N° 10: Cultivos para producción de Inflorescencias (Brócoli-Coliflor) Descripción de los factores ecofisiológicas determinantes de la productividad y calidad comercial. Composición química. Diversificación de la oferta comercial. Manejo tecnológico alternativo. Ciclo lectivo VIGENCIA Form. Prog. 3 Inicial Resp. 2016 UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE MAR DEL PLATA DEPARTAMENTO Producción Vegetal Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias AREA Uso Interno Folio Nº 5 Posgrado Ciencias de las Plantas y Recursos Naturales PROGRAMA DE Ecofisiología de Cultivos en Sistemas de Producción Intensivos CÓDIGO 662 4- PROGRAMA DE ACTIVIDADES PRÁCTICAS: CLASE N° 11: Cultivos para producción de Frutos (Tomate) Descripción de los factores ecofisiológicas determinantes de la productividad y calidad comercial. Composición química. Diversificación de la oferta comercial. Manejo tecnológico alternativo. CLASE N° 12: Cultivos para producción de Frutos (Pimiento-Zapallo-Zapallito) Descripción de los factores ecofisiológicas determinantes de la productividad y calidad comercial. Composición química. Diversificación de la oferta comercial. Manejo tecnológico alternativo. CLASE N° 13: Cultivos para producción de Granos (Arveja-Poroto-Maíz Dulce) Descripción de los factores ecofisiológicas determinantes de la productividad y calidad comercial. Composición química. Diversificación de la oferta comercial. Manejo tecnológico alternativo. CLASE N° 14: Seminario de discusión Discusión acerca de la metodología de trabajo para establecer pautas de calidad comercial en diferentes productos intensivos. Diseño de estrategias tecnológicas basadas en la ecofisiología de las especies involucradas que permitan optimizar los objetivos comerciales para diferentes mercados consumidores. Ciclo lectivo VIGENCIA Form. Prog. 3 Inicial Resp. 2016 UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE MAR DEL PLATA DEPARTAMENTO Producción Vegetal Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias AREA Uso Interno Folio Nº 6 Posgrado Ciencias de las Plantas y Recursos Naturales PROGRAMA DE Ecofisiología de Cultivos en Sistemas de Producción Intensivos CÓDIGO 662 5- BIBLIOGRAFÍA: 5. I. 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A, Wien), Cap. 13: 461-478. CAB Publishing. ZOTARELLI, L.; J.M. SCHOLBERG; M.D. DUKES; R. MUÑOZ-CARPERNA (2008): Fertilizer Residence time affects nitrogen uptake efficiency and growth of sweet corn. Journal of Environmental Quality, 37:1271-1278. Ciclo lectivo VIGENCIA Form. Prog. Inicial Resp. 35 2016 UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE MAR DEL PLATA Producción Vegetal DEPARTAMENTO PROGRAMA DE Uso Interno Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias AREA Folio Nº 36 Posgrado Ciencias de las Plantas y Recursos Naturales Ecofisiología de Cultivos en Sistemas de Producción Intensivos CÓDIGO 662 6- INFORMACIÓN ADICIONAL : 6. I. CARACTERÍSTICAS Este curso está dirigido a graduados universitarios interesados en la producción de especies hortícolas y al mismo tiempo se propone como una materia optativa de grado para la currícula de Ingeniero Agrónomo y la de Licenciado en Producción vegetal. Como materia optativa de grado se requiere como correlativas a Horticultura (406). 6. II. JUSTIFICACIÓN La producción agrícola intensiva en el cinturón verde de la Ciudad de Mar del Plata-Balcarce se caracteriza por la presencia de explotaciones de tamaño variable entre 2 y 300 hectáreas, dedicadas a la producción hortícola. Aunque existen productores especializados en pocas especies (lechuga, tomate, pimiento, crucíferas), la tendencia es a una diversificación importante durante el ciclo anual y una reducción de la producción a campo a favor de la implementación de sistemas de semi-forzado o forzado (invernaderos). Dada la necesidad de optimizar la productividad para productos con una marcada sobreoferta estacional, este curso sería una alternativa de capacitación que permitiría ampliar la oferta profesional para los egresados de nuestra Facultad así como la iniciación de grupos de trabajo en investigación tecnológica y científica de cultivos conducidos bajo condiciones ambientales controladas. 6. III. METODOLOGÍA DE ENSEÑANZA Para cada clase se contará con un texto en castellano y lecturas complementarias en idioma inglés. Durante las clases se discutirá la problemática científico-tecnológica y las alternativas posibles con lecturas adicionales (3-5) en idioma preferentemente inglés. Se trabajará individual y grupalmente en una tarea de intercambio y síntesis de los conceptos fundamentales de cada tema. Se requiere la elaboración previa de la información escrita. 6. IV. SISTEMA DE EVALACIÓN La nota final surge de la integración de diversas actividades: .- Participación en las clases teóricas .- Participación en el seminario final .- Examen escrito Ciclo lectivo VIGENCIA Inicial Resp. Form. Prog. 36 2016 UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE MAR DEL PLATA Producción Vegetal DEPARTAMENTO PROGRAMA DE AREA TOTAL U.V.AC. 48 Teóricas Folio Nº 37 Posgrado Ciencias de las Plantas y Recursos Naturales Ecofisiología de Cultivos en Sistemas de Producción Intensivos Horas semanales (-) o totales ( ) de Clases: Uso Interno Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Prácticas CÓDIGO ------ 662 Teórico/prácticas 15 3,5 VIGENCIA DE ESTE PROGRAMA Ciclo Lectivo* Firma y aclaración del Docente responsable Septiembre (bianual) Dr. Adalberto Di Benedetto * si es un curso no curricular, indicar período en que se dictará. VºBº Area: VºBº Departamento: Firma y aclaración Coordinador FECHA DE ENTRADA NÚMERO DE MESA DE ENTRADAS Firma y aclaración Director NÚMERO DE FOLIOS DESPACHO COMISION DE ENSEÑANZA DE GRADO Y POST-GRADO Firma Secretario Comisión APROBADO CONSEJO ACADÉMICO Firma Secretario Consejo Académico FECHA Número de O.C.A. de aprobación: Form. Prog. 37 Fecha: