Água na Mineração e no Processamento Mineral

Água na Mineração e no Processamento Mineral

MINERIA SUSTENTABLE E INDICADORES
Roberto C. Villas-Bôas
INGENIERO DE MINAS
INVESTIGADOR TITULAR CETEM / MCTI
CHAIMAN COMISION SUSTENTABILIAD MINERA IMPC
GESTOR CYTED – AREA PROMOCION DESARROLLO INDUSTRIAL
“AVOIDING bla,bla,bla”
I had proposed CEPMLP Research Network Homepage, Dundee, 2005
Villas-Bôas

LOGICAL FORMALIZATIONS are needed regarding the concepts of
Sustainable Development and even Sustainable Ore body and Sustainable
Mine, as referred to the minerals extraction industries.

If this is done, several MISCONCEPTIONS will be prevented and
EVERYONE will know what is been meant by such words.

Likewise, it seems that the old proposition of drawing a distinction
between RENEWABLE & NON RENEWABLE resources does not
quite fit anymore as such, within the current sustainable development
framework, for the sake of resource exploration and development, through
its more recent paths and practices.

Therefore, the suggestion of conceptualizing SUSTAINABLE & NON
SUSTAINABLE resources for that matter, subject to societal
agreements, as proposed.
Y GANÉ EN 2010 un fuerte aliado
RENEWABLE & NON RENEWABLE OR
SUSTAINABLE & NON SUSTAINABLE !
“I would like to close this
section by dispelling the
myth that resources
are finite, a notion some
policymakers sometimes
like to promote.
 Resources will only
become finite if limits are
placed on exploration
because a country has
suddenly become less
attractive for investment”


TOM ALBANESE , RioTinto CEO(2010)
DE RE
METALLICA
SUSTENTABILIDAD
Georgius Agricola : De Re Metallica, 1556
El agua en minería y en el procesamiento de menas
minerales
Agua de minas subterráneas Y
cavas a TAJO abierto:
aprovechamiento o descarte
Agua de lixiviación y beneficio de
minerales : reutilización y colas de
relaves
El agua en Minería y Beneficio de Minerales
A – FAENA MINERA:

Nível freático : rebaje, contaminación, problemas à la montante y aguas
abajo . De como transformar el problema en solución, o sea un ATIVO
AMBIENTAL – ex.: Rafael Fernández Rubio;
B. – PROCESAMIENTO MINERAL :

Aguas de proceso: contaminantes orgánicos, metales pesados, acidificación;

Ingeniería de materiales espesados vía ciclones o espessadores;

Geotextiles para patios de lixiviación y diques de colas;
C. – CIERRE DE MINAS :

Usos futuros ,disponibilidad de la tierra y contención;
falta ,o escasez, de agua
MINA DE CHUQUICAMARA,CHILE
o exceso de agua : 7.500 m 3 / hora !
UNA MINA DE AGUA !
Mina de Vazante, Votorantim metais
Lixiviación en Pilas: Mina Mulato, Sonora,
México (14.000 toneladas/dia)


“Managing mine drainage
water quality is a critical
concern for all mining
operations because
discharges must typically
meet stringent water quality
standards set by local,
regional and national
governments. “
“Acidic drainage remains the
most significant issue due to
high concentrations of metals,
and costs of treatment to
achieve acceptable levels. “
CIERRE DE MINAS :
ABORIGINAL JOINT VENTURE FOR
ABORIGINAL FIRMS
CUBRIENDO RELLAVES, Mina
Colomac,Canadá
Quadrilátero Ferrífero de Minas Gerais : As
LIMPANDO O As N ´ÁGUA

Desenvolvimento desde os anos 1950,
principalmente associado à exploração
aurífera.

Ouro e arsenopirita têm ocorrência
conjunta,

Eleonora Deschamps e equipe ao longo de
oito anos, avaliou a potencial exposição
humana e a contaminação ambiental por
arsênio (As).

Um dos resultados do projeto de é o livro
"Arsênio Antropogênico e Natural - Um
estudo em regiões do Quadrilátero
Ferrífero”

Química do Arsênio e Alternativa de
Tratamento para Água Contaminada por
Arsênio.
Various processes such as:

lime softening;

ion exchange,;

electrodialysis ;

nano-filtration ;
and so on are used to filter arsenic from
water.
Also other treatment systems such as:

reverse osmosis;

distillation system;

activated alumina system;

or oxide filter media.
Remember that the process for As removal
depends on : your budget, the
chemistry of water and As level .
RED IBEROARSEN
http://www.cnea.gov.ar/xxi/ambiental/Iberoarsen

El arsénico en
Iberoamérica:
Distribución,
metodologías
analíticas y
tecnologías
económicas de
remoción

Oxidación de As(III) a As(V)
Reducción de As(V) o As(III) a
As(0)

Santa Barbara, MG
AGA
AGUA EN MINA DE
URANIO
Mina de Urânio – INB
Caetité, Bahia
AGUAS DE MINAS DE
URANIO
Mina INACTIVA de Urânio – INB
CALDAS, MINAS GERAIS
Águas de Minas de Urânio : PROBLEMAS
& SOLUÇÕES
The structure of a recently discovered
aqueous species, Ca2UO2(CO3)3(aq.)
was studied by EXAFS and compared to
the model systems [UO2(CO3)3]4–
(aq.) and Ca2UO2(CO3)3 · 10H2O.
It is essential to understand the behaviour of
radionuclides in the environment in order
to:

(a) develop efficient methods for the
remediation and clean-up of contaminated
sites;

(b) predict their transport behaviour;

(c) carry out performance assessment
studies to determine if the repositories
can safely contain them; and

(d) engineer methods to retard their
release and migration rates.

Excluding gaseous and airborne
transport, radionuclides can migrate
in the environment mostly via
aqueous media such as groundwater
and surface, river, lake and sea water.

Models predicting the hydrological
transport through the environment
require as input a radionuclide
concentration, the true amount that
is actually available for transport.

It is defined as the radionuclide
source term and not as true
solubility, because it may be a
combination of dissolved and
colloidal material.
Águas de Minas de Urânio : PROBLEMAS
& SOLUÇÕES


Certain microorganisms can
reduce uranium(VI) to
uranium(IV) under anaerobic
conditions and thus reduce the
mobility of uranium in the
environment .
Three major processes define the
radionuclide source term:
Therefore, the study of uranium
interaction with heterotrophic
anaerobic bacteria is important
for the development of efficient
and cost-effective remediation
processes of uranium
contaminated sites.
They are dependent on each other
and each individual process is the
result of several sub-processes.

(1) solubility;

(2) organic interaction; and

(3) sorption.
Also, colloid formation plays a major
role in the radionuclide source
term, and it is common to each
of the three main processes
Aguas de Minas de FOSFATO : FOSFOYESO
Vista aérea da MOSAIC, FLORIDA,EUA, e PILHAS DE
REJEITO DE FOSFOGESSO ( metales pesados Y
Radionuclídeos)
Águas de Minas de FOSFATO : FOSFOYESO
Vista aérea de LA MINA CATALÃO, GOIAS, BRASIL, Y PILAS DE RELAVE DE
FOSFOYESO
Y EL CARBON ?
BRINGING DOWN THE MOUNTAINS:
THE IMPACT OF MOUNTAINTOP REMOVAL SURFACE COAL MINING
ON SOUTHERN WEST VIRGINIA COMMUNITIES, 1970-2004
EL METANO
Coal Mine Methane : el problema que podrá tornarse una solución!
Source : Boyd Cohen, Ph.D., CEO & Pedro Camanho*, Senior Carbon Analyst
ATHABASCA OIL
SANDS IN ALBERTA,
CANADA
EL BOSQUE...BOREAL !






Pues!
Casi nada se comenta sobre el bosque (Floresta)
Boreal, si ?
Contiene los mas grandes y mas biodiversos biomas
del mundo!
Empieza en Alaska … hasta el ...Alaska !
Gran productor de madera y minerales...
Y bastante agua !
CNRL
Exxon
Syncrude
(Aurora)
Shell
Syncrude
(Mildred Lake)
Suncor
5 km
Elijärvi chromite - Open Pit in
February
Outokumpu Oyj , Floresta
Boreal
“Indeed it is claimed that when an underground mine
is established anywhere in the world, 70–90% of the required
technology comes from either Finland or Sweden.”
MINE RIA ...BOREAL !
Una SOLUCION , Y NO UN
PROBLEMA !

VISION 2050
“finland is a global leader in the
sustainable utilization of mineral
resources and the minerals sector
is one of the key foundations of
the finnish national economy.”
SOSTENIBILIDAD
UYUNI,BOLIVIA
RENEWABLE & NON RENEWABLE OR
SUSTAINABLE & NON SUSTAINABLE !
“I would like to close this
section by dispelling the
myth that resources
are finite, a notion some
policymakers sometimes
like to promote.
 Resources will only
become finite if limits are
placed on exploration
because a country has
suddenly become less
attractive for investment”


TOM ALBANESE , RioTinto CEO(2010)
Roberto C. Villas-Bôas
CETEM / MCTI
SOSTENIBILIDAD EM LA MINERIA ES:
MINIMIZACION

MASAS

ENERGIAS

IMPACTOS
AMBIENTALES
MAXIMIZACION

SATISFACCION
SOCIAL !
“social satisfaction is the
degree of societal
acceptance of a given
policy, or political
agenda”
A (x, y, p) > 0
PROYECTO SOSTENIBLE !
A (x, y, p) > 0
PROSPECCÍON
GEOLOGICA,AGREGADOS ,
FOSFATOS,COBRE ,URANIO y ...TORIO
ESTUDIOS DE CASOS
En el escudo de la Guiana
En la costa brasileña del NE
En la Caatinga
En la costa central hacia el S (
límite con Uruguay y Argentina)
En la Amazonia y Pantanal
“TORTA II” : 3.650 t Th
equivalente
TÓRIO :
CETEM /MCTI