Glosario

Esperanza
Glosario
a - to
a través - across
abogado(a) - attorney, lawyer
abrazamos - we hug
adónde - to where
agarra - s/he grabs
agarrada - grabbed, held
agarro - I grab
ahora - now
al - to the
al (llegar) - upon (arriving)
allí - there
amigo(a) - friend
amigos - friends
años - years
azul - blue
bien - well, fine
boleto(s) - ticket(s)
brazo(s) - arm(s)
bueno(a) - good
buscan - they look for
buscar - to look for
buscas - you look for
buscándo(nos) - looking for
(us)
busco - I look for
camina - s/he walks
caminamos - we walk
caminando - walking
caminar - to walk
camino - I walk
camisa - shirt
cartas - letters
casa - house
cita - appointment
ciudad - city
come - s/he eats
comemos - we eat
comer - to eat
como - I eat
cómo - how
compra - s/he buys
compramos - we buy
con - with
contestarlo - to answer
corran - they run
corre - s/he runs
corremos - we run
corren - they run
correr - to run
corrí - I ran
corriendo - running
corrieron - they ran
corro - I run
68
Glosario
cuando - when
dan - they give
dar - to give
dar(le) - to give (to him/her)
dar(les) - to give (to
them/you pl.)
de - of, from
de repente - suddenly
decir - to say
decir(le) - to say (to him/her)
decírselo - to say it to
him/her
deponer - to depose
después - after
di - I gave
(el) día - (the) day
días - days
dice - s/he says
dicen - they say
digo - I say
dinero - money
dio - s/he gave
Dios - God
donde - where
dónde - where (question
word)
dormir - to sleep
doy - I give
duerme - s/he sleeps
(se) duerme - s/he falls
asleep
duermen - they sleep
duermo - I sleep
me duermo - I fall asleep
e - and
EE.UU. - U.S.
el - the
él - he
ella - she
ellos - they
en - in, on
encuentro - I find
(me) encuentro con - I meet
with
enero - January
entonces - then
entrevista - interview
entro - I enter
era - s/he, it was
eres - you are
escúchame - listen to me
(command)
escuché - I listened to
(he) escuchado - (I have) listened to
escuchamos - we listen to
escuche - s/he listens to (subjunctive)
69
Esperanza
escucho - I listen to
espera - s/he waits for
esperamos - we wait for
esperan - they wait for
esperando - waiting for
esperar - to wait for
esperarnos - to wait for us
esperándo(nos) - waiting for
(us)
esperándo(te) - waiting for
(you)
espero - I wait for
espéralo - wait for him/it
(command)
estaban - they were
estado - state
Estados Unidos - United
States
estamos - we are
estar - to be
estas - these
este - this
están - they are
estoy - I am
esperanza - hope
está - s/he, it is
están - they are
este - this
estoy - I am
estás - you are
feliz - happy
frijoles - beans
frontera - border (noun)
fronteriza - border (adjective)
fue - s/he, it was
gente - people
gracias - thank you
gran - big
grande - big
grita - s/he yells
gritaban - they yelled, were
yelling
gritan - they yell
gritando - yelling
gritaron - they yelled
grito - I yell
guayabera - Embroidered
button-up shirt that is
traditionally worn by
Mexican men
había - there was
hablar - to talk, speak
habla - s/he speaks, talks
hablando - speaking, talking
hablar - to speak, talk
hablas - you speak, talk
hábleme - talk, speak to me
70
Glosario
hables - talk, speak (subjunctive)
hablo - I speak
hace - s/he does, makes
hacer - to do, make
hacia - toward
hambre - hunger
hasta - until
hay - there is
he (escuchado) - I have
(listened)
hermano - brother
hijo(s) - son(s)
hola - hello, hi
hombre - man
hubo - there was
(una) huelga - a strike
inglés - English
ir - to go
la(s) - the
le - (to) him/her
ley - law
llamar - to call
llamarlo - to call him
llamarnos - to call us
llamaron - they called
llame - s/he calls (subjunctive)
llamo - I call
(me) llamo - I call myself
llegó - s/he arrived
llega - s/he arrives
llegamos - we arrive
llegan - they arrive
llegar - to arrive
llego - I arrive
llegue - s/he arrives (subjunctive)
llevó - s/he took, brought
lleva - s/he takes, brings
llevan - they take, bring
llevar - to take, bring
llevara - s/he takes, brings
llevarme - to take, bring me
llevarte - to take, bring you
lleve - s/he takes, brings
(subjunctive)
llámame - call me
llora - s/he cries
lloramos - we cry
lloran - they cry
llorando - crying
llorar - to cry
lloras - you cry
llore - s/he cries (subjunctive)
(no) llores - (don't) cry (command)
71
Esperanza
lloro - I cry
lo - it, him
los - the; them
luces - lights
luz - light
madre - mother
mañana - tomorrow; morning
mañanas - mornings
mano - hand
más - more
matarlo - to kill him
matarnos - to kill us
mataron - they killed
matarte - to kill you
medianoche - midnight
mensaje - message
mes(es) - month(s)
mesera - waitress
miedo - fear
mientras - while
mija - term of endearment for
a daughter (honey)
mijo - term of endearment
for a son (honey)
mira - s/he watches, looks at
miran - they watch, look at
miraron - they watched,
looked at
miro - I watch, look at
misa - mass
muerte - death
mujer - woman
muy - very
nada - nothing
negro - black
ni - neither
niñitos - little boys, little children
niños - boys, children
noche - night
nos - us
nosotros - we
nuestro - our
obtengo - I obtain, get
oscuridad - darkness
oscuro(a) - dark
otra vez - again
otro - other, another
padre(s) - father(s)
pagar - to pay
pago - I pay
pagó - s/he paid
para - s/he, it stops
para - for, to
parar - to stop
para que - in order that
parece - s/he, it seems, looks
like
72
Glosario
parecía - s/he, it seemed,
looked like
párense - stop, halt
Patrulla Fronteriza - Border
Patrol
pensar - to think
pero - but
pesos - currency of Mexico
playa - beach
pobre - poor
(un) poco - (a) little
pocos - few
podemos - we are able
por - for, in exchange for
por favor - please
por fin - finally
por qué - why?
porque - because
pregunta - s/he asks
preguntaron - they asked
pregunto - I ask
primo - cousin
pronto - soon
puede - s/he is able
pueden - they are able
puedes - you are able
puedo - I am able
que - that
qué - what
¿Qué tienes? - What's the
matter?
quetzales - currency of
Guatemala
quién - who
quiere - s/he wants
quieres - you want
quiero - I want
respira - s/he breathes
seguimos - we continue
ser - to be
si - if
sigo - I continue, follow
siguiente(s) - following
siguiéndo(nos) - following
(us)
sin - without
sindicato - union
sobre - about
solicitar - to seek, request
son - they are
soy - I am
su(s) - your
suena - sounds, rings
también - also, too
tampoco - neither
tener - to have
ti - you (indirect object)
tiempo - time
73
Esperanza
tiene - s/he has
tiene agarrada - s/he has
hold of
tiene miedo - s/he has fear (is
afraid)
tiene hambre - s/he has hunger (is hungry)
tiene ___ años - s/he has ___
years (s/he is ____ years
old)
tía - aunt
tío - uncle
todavía - still
todo - all
todos - all, everyone
toma - s/he takes
tomé - I took
tomen - they take
tomo - I take
trabaja - s/he works
trabajador - worker, hard
worker, hard working
trabajadores - workers
trabajan - they work
trabajando - working
trabajo - I work
triste - sad
tu - your
tú - you (familiar)
un(a) - a
unos(as) - some
usted - you (formal)
ustedes - you (pl.)
va - s/he goes, is going
vamos - we go, are going
vámonos - let's go
van - they go, are going
vas - you go, are going
ve - s/he sees
vemos - we see
venir - to come
ventana - window
veo - I see
ver - to see
vida - life
viene - s/he comes
vive - s/he lives
viven - they live
vivimos - we live
vivir - to live
voy - I go, am going
y - and
ya - already
ya no - anymore
yo - I
74
Cognados
Cognados
abandona - s/he abandons
abandonado(a) - abandoned
abandonar - to abandon
abandonarlos - to abandon
them
abandonarnos - to abandon
us
abandone - s/he abandons
(subjunctive)
abandono - abandonment
abruptamente - abruptly
accidente - accident
aceptan - they accept
aceptar - to accept
(me) acostumbro - I get
accustomed to
activistas - activists
acusaron - they accused
acuso - I accuse
agente(s) - agent(s)
(se) alarme - s/he gets
alarmed (subjunctive)
americanos - American
amnistía - amnesty
antipolíticos - anti-political
anuncio - announcement
aplicación - application
apropiados - appropriate
área(s) - area(s)
arrestan - they arrest
arrestaron - they arrested
asilo - asylum
asistencia - assistance
atención - attention
atentamente - attentively
atormenta - s/he, it torments
atractiva - attractive
autobús(es) - bus(es)
avenida - avenue
bebé - baby
botella - bottle
bruto - brute, beast
cable - cable
café - café, cafeteria
calmada - calm
calmadamente - calmly
calmarla - to calm her
cálmate - calm down
canal - canal
candidatos - candidates
cantina - cantina, bar
caos - chaos
75
Esperanza
carro - car
casos - cases
católica - Catholic
causa - s/he, it causes
causarle - to cause him/her
celda - cell
celebra - s/he celebrates
celebramos - we celebrate
cementerio - cemetery
centavo - cent
cereales - cereal
chofer - chauffeur, driver
civiles - civil
clic - click
combate - s/he combats
comenta - s/he comments
completamente - completely
completo - complete
comunicarme - to communicate
comunicaste - you communicated
concentra - s/he concentrates
condición - condition
confianza - confidence, trust
conflicto - conflict
confusión - confusion
confuso - confused
conmoción - commotion
(se le) considera - s/he is
considered
consulto - I consult
contento(a) - content, happy
continúa - s/he continues
continuamente - continuously
continuamos - we continue
continuar - to continue
continúo - I continue
contrario - contrary
control - control
corrupción - corruption
corruptos - corrupt
coyote - coyote: a person
who is contracted to
illegally take immigrants
across the Mexico-U.S.
border
criminal(es) - criminal(s)
cruelmente - cruelly
cuarta - quarter
deciden - they decide
decidimos - we decide
decido - I decide
decisión - decision
decorado - decorated
defender - to defend
defensa - defense
76
Cognados
delicada - delicate
demanda - s/he demands
demandaron - they demanded
demostrar - to demonstrate
departamento - department
deportar - to deport
deportarte - to deport you
descontroladamente - uncontrollably
describe - s/he describes
desesperación - desper-ation
desesperado(a) - desper-ate
desierto - desert
desilusión - disillusionment
desolación - desolation
diciembre - December
diferente - different
difícil - difficult
dirección - direction, address
director - director
distancia - distance
dividimos - we divide
documentos - documents
dólares - dollars
dormitorio - dormitory, bedroom
durante - during
encontrarme - to meet me, to
encounter me
encontrarnos - to meet us, to
encounter us
encontré - I encountered,
found
encontró - s/he encountered,
found
enfrente de - in front of
entramos - we enter, we entered
entrar - to enter
entraron - they entered
entraste - you entered
epílogo - epilogue
es - s/he, it is
escapar - to escape
escaparnos - to escape (us)
escaparse - to escape (s/he)
escaparte - to escape (you)
escape - escape (noun)
(me) escapé - I escaped
(se) escapó - s/he escaped
esposa - wife
esposo - husband
estación - station
este - east
estimados - dear (letter salutation)
77
Esperanza
estrés - stress
eternidad - eternity
evidencia - evidence
exactamente - exactly
exclama - s/he exclaims
exclamo - I exclaim
exhausta - exhausted
existen - they exist
experiencia - experience
explica - s/he explains
explicándome - explaining to
me
explicarle - to explain to
him/her
explico - I explain
familia - family
familiares - familiar (adjective); relatives
fatigada - fatigued
favor(es) - favor(s)
favorito(a) - favorite
febrero - February
figuras - figures
(al) final - at the end
flores - flowers
foto - photo
frenéticamente - frantically
frente - front
frutas - fruits
furioso(a) - furious
furiosamente - furiously
futuro - future
gasolinera - gas station
grave - grave, serious
grupo - group
guardando - guarding
guarde - s/he guards
guardo - I guard
guatemaltecos - Guatemalans
histéricamente - hysterically
historia - history, story
honesto(s) - honest
honor - honor
hora(s) - hour(s)
horrible(s) - horrible
horror - horror
humana - human (adjective)
idea - idea
identidad - identity
identificación - identification
ignoró - s/he ignored
ilegales - illegal (adjective)
ilegalmente - illegally
imaginación - imagination
(me) imagino - I imagine
importa - s/he, it is important
importante - important
78
Cognados
incluso - including
increíble - incredible
indica - s/he indicates
indicada - indicated
indígena - indigenous
indignación - indignation
iniciar - to initiate
injusticia - injustice
inmediatamente - immediately
inmigración - immigration
inmigrante(s) - immigrant
insiste - s/he insists
insistente - insistent
instante - instant
instrucciones - instructions
insultos - insults
inteligente - intelligent
intención - intention
interrumpe - s/he interrupts
interrupción - interruption
investigando - investigating
investigo - I investigate
invita - s/he invites
irritado(a) - irritated
jarra - jar
justicia - justice
lamentar - to lament
latinoamericanos - Latin
American (adjective)
legal(es) - legal
legalmente - legally
mamá - mom
mami - mommy
manera - manner
mango - mango
maravilla - marvel
marca - s/he, it marks
marchan - they march
mayo - May
mexicano(a) - Mexican
mi - my
mí - me
militar(es) - military
milla(s) - mile(s)
minutos - minute(s)
misteriosa - mystery
momento - moment
montañas - mountains
morgue - morgue
motor - motor
mucho(a) - much
muchos(as) - many
música - music
necesario(s) - necessary
necesidad - necessity
necesitamos - we need
79
Esperanza
necesitan - they need
necesito - I need
negligencia - negligence
nervioso(a) - nervous
nerviosamente - nervously
normal - normal
normalmente - normally
norte - north
notaron - they noted
noticias - notices, news
noto - I note, notice
o - or
observa - s/he observes
observamos - we observe
observante - observant
observar - to observe
observo - I observe
obsesión - obsession
obtener - to obtain
obtenerla - to obtain it
obtiene - s/he obtains
obvio - obvious
octubre - October
oficial(es) - official (adjective
and noun)
oficina - office
ofrece - s/he offers
onza - ounce
opciones - options
opresores - oppressive
orden - order
organiza - s/he organizes
organización - organization
organizamos - we organize
organizar - to organize
organizo - I organize
paciencia - patience
pánico - panic
papá - papá, pops, dad
papeles - papers
paralizada - paralyzed
parque - park
participaba - s/he participated
participación - participation
pasa - s/he, it passes, spends
(time)
pasamos - we pass, spend
(time)
pasan - they pass, spend
(time)
pasando - passing, spending
(time)
pasar - to pass, to spend
pasen - they pass, spend
(time) (subjunctive)
pasión - passion
paso - I pass, spend (time)
80
Cognados
patio - patio
patrulla - patrol
perdón - pardon, excuse
perdóname - pardon me, excuse me
perfecto(s) - perfect
periódicos - periodicals,
newspapers
permanente - permanent
permiso(s) - permission, permit(s)
permite - s/he, it permits
persistente - persistent
persona(s) - person(s)
petición - petition, request
pistolas - pistols
plan - plan
planeaba - s/he planned, was
planning
planes - plans
plaza - plaza, mall
policía - police
policiaca - police (adjective)
policías - policemen
político(s) - political
políticos - political (adjective); politicians
popular - popular
posible - possible
preciosa - precious
preocupada - preoccupied,
worried
prepara - s/he prepares
preparamos - we prepare
preparando - preparing
preparo - I prepare
presentes - present
presidencia - presidency
presidente - president
pretenden - they pretend
prisión - prison
privado - private
probable - probable
problema(s) - problem(s)
proceso - process
programa - program
protección - protection
protegeré - I will protect
proteja - s/he, you protect
público(a) - public
puro - pure
radio - radio
rápido(a) - rapid, fast
rápidamente - rapidly,
quickly
reacciona - s/he reacts
realmente - really
recibí - I received
81
Esperanza
recibimos - we receive, received
recibió - s/he received
recibiste - you received
refugio - refuge
regresa - he she regresses, returns
regresamos - we regress, return
regresar - to regress, return
regrese - s/he regresses, returns (subjunctive)
regreso - I return
remota - remote
renta - s/he rents
rentamos - we rent
rentando - renting
rento - I rent
repite - s/he repeats
representa - s/he represents
residencia - residency
residentes - residents
resolver - to resolve
respira - to respire, breathe
respiración - respiration,
breathing
respondas - you respond
(subjunctive)
responde - s/he responds
responderle - s/he responds
to him/her
respondiéndome - responding to me
respondo - I respond
responsabilidad - responsibility
restaurante - restaurant
resto - rest (quantity)
reunión - reunion, meetting
reunirme - to reunite (myself)
reunirnos - to reunite (ourselves)
revelar - to reveal
rifles - rifles
sarcásticamente - sarcastically
sarcástico - sarcastic
secretaria - secretary
separación - separation
separados - separated
septiembre - September
servicio - service
silencio - silence
silenciosa(s) - silent
silenciosamente - silently
siniestra - sinister
situación - situation
sofá - sofa
82
Cognados
soldado(s) - soldier(s)
solicitó - s/he solicited, requested
solicitud - solicitation, request
solo(a) - alone
solos(as) - alone
solo - only
suficiente - sufficient,
enough
súper - super
telefónico - telephone (adjective)
teléfono - telephone
televisión - television
terror - terror
tono - tone
tortillas - tortillas
tortillería - tortilla factory
trampa - trap
transportación - transportation
transportar - to transport
transporte - transport, transportation
unidos - united
urgente - urgent
urgentemente - urgently
valiente - valiant, brave
valientemente - valiantly,
bravely
varios - various
vehículo - vehicle
violaciones - violations
violencia - violence
violentamente - violently
visitar - to visit
visité - I visited
voces - voices
vomita - s/he vomits
vomitando - vomiting
vomitar - to vomit
vómito - s/he vomited
voz - voice
zona - zone
83