March 1976 - Fundación Transición Española

Transcripción

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o o o of
•
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:
TR
;
m
nd
a
ci
ón
;
Fu
'•
AN
SI
1
pa
ño
la
v
1
Es
1
tomorrow.
W o r k e r s w i l l probably follow the pattern o f a !
f u n e r a l f o r a w o r k e r shot d e a d
a demonstration
outside
at
A l i c a n t e last w e e k a n d t u r n |
the o c c a s i o n i n t o
an antiGovernment demonstration.
I n M a d r i d there w a s n o official
announcement
that t h e
G o v e r n m e n t i n t e n d e d to h o l d
an e m e r g e n c y cabinet m e e t i n g .
I t t i s o f thousands of w o r k e r s S e ñ o r M a n u e l F r a g a I r i b a r n e ,
the I n t e r i o r M i n i s t e r , w h o i s
w e n t o n s t r i k e today i n protest
the police
at t h e s h o o t i n g s .
T h e t h i r d responsible _ for
forces,
was i n B o n n a n d s a i d
v i c t i m , a 19-year-old s t u d e n t ,
died last night.
A p o l i c e to be i n constant t o u c h w i t h
i n s p e c t o r , w h o was b e l i e v e d to events i n t h e B a s q u e c o u n t r y .
S e ñ o r Jose A n t o n i o M a r t i n e z
hjive d i e d w h e n a p e t r o l b o m b
e x p l o d e d , lost a n eye, a n d was S o l e r , d i r e c t o r o f a w e e k l y
Doblón,
was
news magazine
reported to be seriously i l l .
beaten s e v e r e l y y e s t e r d a y w h e n
• I n P a m p l o n a , r i o t p o l i c e f i r e d he came o u t of h i s h o m e i n
r o b b e r b u l l e t s i n t o t h e a i r to M a d r i d .
F o u r masked m e n
b r e a k u p g r o u p s of w o r k e r s w e r e s a i d t o h a v e t a k e n h i m
t r y i n g t o g e t t o g e t h e r f o r a to a v i l l a g e a b o u t 50 m i l e s outd e m o n s t r a t i o n . T h e p o l i c e also side M a d r i d a n d left h i m t i e d
t o r e d o w n b a r r i c a d e s i n tire u p i n a forest after h i s face
streets a n d there were reports was cut a n d sprayed w i t h a
o f m a n y arrests.
chemical liquid.
Illegal organizations, includI t is b e l i e v e d h i s attackers
irtg t h e W o r k e r s ' P a r t y i n P a m - w e r e m e m b e r s o f the e x t r e m e
p l o n a , V i t o r i a a n d other B a s q u e r i g h t - w i n g o r g a n i z a t i o n . W a r t o w n s , c o n t i n u e d to c a l l a " d a y r i o r s o f C h r i s t the K i n g , a n d
of
struggle".
U n c o n f i r m e d that t h e a t t a c k was p r o m p t e d
r e p o r t s r e a c h i n g M a d r i d s a i d b y a r t i c l e s c r i t i c a l o f t h e Gova general strike was planned ernment.
Señor
Martinez
for t o m o r r o w f o r t h e w h o l e of
m a n a g e d to free h i m s e l f a n d
the B a s q u e c o u n t r y .
r e p o r t t h e i n c i d e n t to p o l i c e .
' M o s t shops, banks a n d a l l
T h e p o l i c e have a r r e s t e d 32
factories i n V i t o r i a were closed.
workers i n Alcalá de Henares,
Many
shop
windows
were
outside M a d r i d . I n M a d r i d the
s m a s h e d y e s t e r d a y a n d some
police fined two lawyers £750
shops were looted.
I t was
without trial for attending a
believed that m a n y of the b i g
workers' meeting on Tuesday.
factories, l i k e t h e M i c h e l i n tyre
S e ñ o r a L o l a Gaos, a w e l l - k n o w n
which
employs
4,000
plant
actress w h o w a s a r r e s t e d w i t h
people, w i l l remain closed u n t i l
them, w a s s t i l l being h e l d at
Monday.
the p o l i c e h e a d q u a r t e r s .
T h e f u n e r a l s o f t h e three v i c Leading article, page 15
t i m s a r e e x p e c t e d t o take p l a c e
F r o m Our Correspondent
/}
Madrid, March 4
\S
P o l i c e a n d c i v i l guards p u t
o n a m a s s i v e s h o w of s t r e n g t h
today i n the Basque country
after t h e v i o l e n t clashes i n
V i t o r i a , where t w o students
a b d a w o r k e r have been k i l l e d
a n d m o r e than
100 p e o p l e
i n j u r e d by police bullets.
N
M a d r i d , M a r c h 3 . — A f t e r 100
days i n office, K i n g J u a n C a r l o s
a p p e a r e d today to be c o m i n g
hay c h a l l e n g e d t h e r e g i m e t h a t
to an e n d . B u t at t h e s a m e t i m e
put h i m o n t h e t h r o n e to cob a k e r s i n M a d r i d started a gooperate i n democratic reforms
s l o w , r e d u c i n g p r o d u c t i o n of
or
answer
to t h e S p a n i s h
b r e a d b y 50 p e r c e n t .
I people.
An
estimated
12,000 l o r r y
d r i v e r s o u t of a t o t a l of 21,000
Saying
he might
call
a
i n M a d r i d went b a c k to w o r k
national
referendum
o r use
this
morning.
D e l i v e r i e s of
" exceptional measures", the
l
f r u i t , vegetables a n d fish a r e
i K i n g yesterday told h i s o w n
e x p e c t e d to be b a c k t o n o r m a l
; a d v i s o r y b o d y , t h e C o u n c i l of
by Friday.
- i | t h e R e a l m , that t h e y m u s t h e l p i
The situation i n the provinces
: h i m b r i n g about " the p r o f o u n d ,
not immediately
clear.
was
reforms the country n e e d s " . I f ;
Gangs o f p i c k e t s have been
' not, t h e K i n g i n d i c a t e d , t h e
h o l d i n g u p some l o r r i e s , w h i c h
Crown w o u l d n o t hesitate to
have not taken part i n the
bypass t h e m w i t h i t s c o n s t i t u s t r i k e , a n d i n some cases have
! t i o n a l p o w e r s , some o f t h e
punctured
tyres. P a r a m i l i t a r y
i strongest i n E u r o p e .
c i v i l g u a r d s m e n h a v e accomT h e C o u n c i l , c o m p o s e d of 16.
p a n i e d some l o r r i e s i n t r o u b l e d
i m e m b e r s , is S p a i n ' s most power-,
districts.
' ful and conservative group.
L o r r i e s b e l o n g i n g to t h e t o w n
T h e f i r s t r e a c t i o n s f r o m both
h a l l a n d the port a u t h o r i t i e s i n
those i n a n d o u t of p o w e r w e r e ;
. C o r u n n a were used today t o
m i x e d . B u t t h e r e was g e n e r a l ,
, t r a n s p o r t 250 tons of fish to t h e
a g r e e m e n t that t h e 38-year-old
r a i l w a y s t a t i o n f o r d e l i v e r y to
] m o n a r c h , h i s G o v e r n m e n t ' s ere-'
M a d r i d . T h e fish was i n danger
V i dibility eclipsed by strikes and
; of rotting i f not q u i c k l y moved.
p o l i t i c a l c r i t i c i s m , was t r y i n g
A lorry driver i n the city, who
j to strengthen his personal role,
r e f u s e d to take p a r t i n t h e
j as w e l l as s u p p o r t i n g t h e n e w
s t r i k e , was a t t a c k e d last n i g h t
; C a b i n e t ' s efforts to l i b e r a l i z e
by pickets.
• after 40 y e a r s of r i g h t - w i n g
Bakers, pressing for higher
dictatorship.
' wages, a r r i v e d at w o r k f o u r
• A high Government official
h o u r s l a t e this m o r n i n g a n d
1 d e s c r i b e d t h e K i n g ' s speech to
are w o r k i n g very slowly.
t h e C o u n c i l as " t h e o r e t i c a l " .
P o l i c e a r r e s t e d o n e of t h e
B u t a l e a d i n g press e x e c u t i v e
c o u n t r y ' s best k n o w n actresses,
. said it was " a remarkably |
L
o
l a Gaos, a n d two l a w y e r s yes• s t r a i g h t f o r w a r d w a r n i n g to t h e ,'
; t e r d a y after t h e y a t t e n d e d a
• C o u n c i l to s h a » e u n w i t h 1 9 7 6 " .
H e a d d e d : " I t challenges the j ' s t r i k e r s ' meeting i n A r a n j u e z
o u t s i d e M a d r i d . S e ñ o r a Gaos,
entrenched R i g h t "
k n o w n for her dissident political
.'
Political
sources
said
the j
•i
a c t i v i t i e s , was t a k e n to p o l i c e
' K i n g ' s speech w a s a s i g n a l to f
headquarters.
Workers
had
Spain's
conservative,
nona s k e d h e r to a t t e n d t h e i r meet• elected
Parliament
to p u s h .
• i n g t o a c t as m e d i a t o r b e t w e e n
. ' ' through the reforms the G o v - ,
them a n d their employers.
'
e m i n e n t is a s k i n g for. T h e f i r s t .
Two
Basque
priests
have
is
to r e s t o r e
t h e r i g h t of j
been released f r o m t h e s p e c i a l
I a s s e m b l y , f o r b i d d e n b y t h e late
clergymen's prison at Zamora,
G e n e r a l F r a n c o ever s i n c e h e j
u n d e r t h e t e r m s of K i n g J u a n
:' i w o n t h e S p a n i s h c i v i l w a r i n '
: C a r l o s ' s g e n e r a l p a r d o n , after
• 1939.
I s e r v i n g seven years of 12 y e a r
K i n g Juan Carlos, w h o was
: sentences f o r a c t i v i t i e s i n c o n i c h o s e n b y F r a n c o as h i s sue- I
' nexion with the court martial
cessor, t o l d
the "Council he ;
j
o f m e m b e r s of t h e B a s q u e sepa! w a n t e d to c o o p e r a t e a n d c o n organization, E T A , i n
f s u i t w i t h t h e m . B u t h e n o t e d £ •: ; r a t i s t
j 1969. T h e r e a r e n o w o n l y t w o
' that i n t h e last instance, h e was
;
p
r
i
e
s
t
s
left
i n the prison, which
the f i n a l a u t h o r i t y .
•' m a y be c l o s e d d o w n soon.
T h e G o v e r n m e n t of S e ñ o r
M a d r i d , M a r c h 3 . — S p a i n has
5 '. C a r l o s A r i a s is e x p e c t e d to ask
b i g democratic
I P a r l i a m e n t to agree to a refer- j j to u n d e r g o
changes before i t c a n b e c o m e
; endum, perhaps
this c o m i n g '
a m e m b e r of t h e E u r o p e a n E c o • summer or autumn on changing '
; nomic Community, M r Richard
the c o m p o s i t i o n of the P a r l i a - ^
M o o r e , s e c r e t a r y g e n e r a l of t h e
• m e n t so t h a t its m e m b e r s w i l l
L i b e r a l Internationa], said here
j be elected b y 1977.
/•
today.
The
King,
i n effect, w a
M r M o o r e t o l d a press conj w a r n i n g both the C o u n c i l a n
f e r e n c e that r e f o r m s i n postI P a r l i a m e n t n o t to d a l l y w i f
F r a n c o S p a i n h a d n o t y e t gone
s u c h p r o j e c t s , p o l i t i c a l sourc
: as far as t h e y s h o u l d . " W e w i l l
; said.-^p
*
have to have v e r y b i g changes
If
H a r r y Oebelius writes
f r o m before w e c a n c a l l S p a i n a f u l l
jl
M a d r i d : T h e 11-day s t r i k e b y d e m o c r a c y . S p a i n m u s t be a
"I . lorry
drivers,
which
has f u l l d e m o c r a c y i f s h e w i s h e s to
.
severely reduced
some
food j o i n t h e C o m m o n M a r k e t . " —
XJvy
supplies i n Spanish markets, Reuter.
Basques stage strike
after police kill three
and wound many more
C
IÓ
WEST EUROPE.
i"
g of Spain warn&¿
lis councillors not $
rin dallv with reforms
HI
o
o o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o
r-í.',Vi'.-'
...i,V... . , j-ij.,^..
o
o"o
9 , 9 Q.Q..,Q..Q..Q...Q...c..Q,o., Q o o Q
2^4QOO O o
Spanish priests accuse
police of homicide
Insults for
police
fat Spanish
¡funeral
C o n t i n u e d f r o m page 1
At
the M a s s f o l l o w i n g
a
s e r m o n i n w h i c h the R o m a n
Catholic
priests
of
Vitoria
c a l l e d the dead m e n " m a r t y r s
of the p e o p l e - " a n d a c c u s e d the
p o l i c e of u n j u s t i f i e d v i o l e n c e , a
l a b o u r l e a d e r w h o is o n the
r u n f r o m the p o l i t i c a l p o l i c e
stood i n the p u l p i t a n d c a l l e d
for a g e n e r a l s t r i k e t h r o u g h out the B a s q u e c o u n t r y n e x t
Monday.
F r o m Harry Debelius
considered themselves
authori z e d to r a i d , c h u r c h e s to b r e a k
up unauthorized meetings.
T h e s e r m o n r e p r e s e n t e d the
biggest c o n f r o n t a t i o n b e t w e e n
the C h u r c h a n d the G o v e r n m e n t
since General Franco's Governm e n t a t t e m p t e d o v e r a y e a r ago
to e x i l e t h e B i s h o p or B i l b a o ,
M g r A n t o n i o AnoveroS. It s a i d :
" T h e C h u r c h wants to be . . .
a w o r k e r f o r peace, a b u i l d e r
of j u s t i c e i n the s e a r c h f o r freedom ".
It d e n o u n c e d the " profanat i o n " not o n l y of the c h u r c h
b u t of h u m a n l i v e s b y the autho r i t i e s , s a y i n g t h a t the v i c t i m s
" w e r e not c r i m i n a l s , were not |
disturbing public order,
and
w e r e not e v e n d i s r e s p e c t f u l i n
our t e m p l e " .
T h e f a t a l r a i d o n the c h u r c h
o n W e d n e s d a y , i n the w o r d s Of
the s e r m o n , was a n act o f " extreme v i o l e n c e " , c a r r i e d out
" against a l l r e a s o n a n d necess i t y " . T h e priests added that
the a c t i o n of the
authorities
d e s e r v e d " the a b s o l u t e c o n d e m n a t i o n of e v e r y m a n w h o t o d a y
c o n s i d e r s h i m s e l f w o r t h y of t h a t
name ".
T h e w o r k e r s ' deaths were
" absolutely u n j u s t i f i e d "
and
m u s t t h e r e f o r e be c o n s i d e r e d as
what they r e a l l y , were, homic i d e . . . . T h e r e i s no excuse
for t h e m . . . . T h o s e w h o c a l l
themselves g u a r d i a n s of the l a w
h a v e t u r n e d out to be its most
serious violators " .
The Government tonight said
t h a t i t w o u l d not t o l e r a t e acts
of
violence
by
subversive
groups and w o u l d r e m a i n f i r m
i n i t s d e s i r e to m a i n t a i n p u b l i c
order.
Señor Adolfo
Martin
G a m e r o , the M i n i s t e r of Inform a t i o n a n d T o u r i s m , s a i d at a
press c o n f e r e n c e t h a t the Gove r n m e n t was b e h i n d the p o l i c e
p - o n at V i t o r i a o n W e d n e s day.
out
he also s a i d t h a t acts
of v i o l e n c e w o u l d not stop the
Government going ahead with
its p l a n s to a l l o w g r e a t e r freedom.
A B i l l a m p l i f y i n g the j
r i g h t of p o l i t i c a l
association
w o u l d be s e n t to the C o r t e s
Es
N
C
IÓ
AN
SI
, :
pa
ño
la
Vitoria, Spain, M a r c h 5
P r o b a b l y the most massive
n o n - v i o l e n t act of defiance i n 40
years o f S p a n i s h h i s t o r y took
p l a c e i n t h i s B a s q u e c i t y today
as thousands of p e o p l e a t t e n d i n g
S e i i o r J e s u s Naves r e p e a t e d
the demands for w h i c h he s a i d
a funeral insulted armed police
the v i c t i m s h a d d i e d . A g e n e r a l
w i t h s i l e n t gestures.
p a y rise f o r m e t a l w o r k e r s of
I n s u l t i n g the p o l i c e has been
about £ 5 0 p e r m o n t h ; a 40 to
a c o u r t m a r t i a l offence, even
42-hour w o r k i n g w e e k ;
one
for c i v i l i a n s , ever since G e n e r a l
month's h o l i d a y ; m o r e p a y f o r
F r a n c o o v e r t h r e w the s e c o n d
persons o n s i c k leave a n d reS p a n i s h r e p u b l i c . B u t the p e o p l e
t i r e m e n t at 60. H e s a i d that,
of V i t o r i a d i d not s e e m to care
f o l l o w i n g w h a t he c a l l e d the
t o d a y as they m o u r n e d t h e i r
" massacre " , t h e r e w o u l d be a n
dead.
a d d i t i o n a l d e m a n d : the release
of a l l a r r e s t e d l a b o u r leaders.
T e n s of t h o u s a n d s of m o u r n i'-.i
ers
walked from
the
new
T h e f u n e r a l s e r m o n was writc a t h e d r a l after a R e q u i e m M a s s
t e n j o i n t l y by the priests of the
for t h r e e w o r k e r s w h o were
diocese
with
the
bishop's
a p p r o v a l . I t s a i d : " T h e forces
shot d e a d by p o l i c e o n W e d n e s used
death-dealing
arms
in
day. T h e y a c c o m p a n i e d the cofa b s u r d a b u n d a n c e , i n a comfins of the v i c t i m s w h i c h w e r e
pletely i r r a t i o n a l way, without
b o r n e o n the s h o u l d e r s of t h e i r
p
r
i
o
r
w
a
r
n
i
n
g
,
against
a
defriends.
"Sí
fenceless c r o w d w h i c h h a d gone
' T h e p o l i c e s t a y e d away f r o m
out of its w a y to a v o i d a n y
the c a t h e d r a l , a p p a r e n t l y at the
k i n d of p r o v o c a t i o n " .
r e q u e s t of the R o m a n C a t h o l i c
I n the s e r m o n , the clergyb i s h o p , M g r P e r a l t a . B u t thoumen said : " W e hereby demand
sands of h e a v i l y a r m e d p o l i c e
that the j u d i c i a l
authorities
were on duty round public
undertake an investigation of
buildings
along
the
route
the events, that t h e y p r o c e e d
t h r o u g h the s t r i k e - b o u n d c i t y to
to i d e n t i f y the authors, that
the c e m e t e r y .
they d e t e r m i n e the responsiT h e i n s u l t s to the p o l i c e , who
b i l i t i e s i n v o l v e d h e r e a n d that
h a d b e e n accused f r o m the p u l they p r o c e e d to a r r e s t
the
p i t of " h o m i c i d e " , c a m e o n the
g u i l t y ones. O n l y a r a p i d , c l e a r
way
to
the
cemetery.
The
a n d effective a c t i o n c a n a l l o w
f u n e r a l cortege m a d e a d e l i b e r us to h o p e that the force of
ate detour to pass by the headl a w a n d not the l a w of f o r c e
. . . w i l l r u l e i n the f u t u r e " .
q u a r t e r s o f the p r o v i n c i a l government, where grey uniformed
T h e p r i e s t r e a d i n g the sers e c u r i t y p o l i c e m e n , w e a r i n g face
mon
s a i d that t h e r e was no
shields a n d h e l m e t s , a n d parajustification
whatever
for
m i l i t a r y c i v i l guards stood t h r e e
p o l i c e o p e n i n g f i r e at the S a n
r a n k s deep, a r m e d w i t h subFrancisco church on A s h Wedmachineguns, rifles, pistols and
nesday. H e s a i d the c h u r c h e s
other weapons. A helicopter
w o u l d c o n t i n u e to be a v a i l a b l e
flew overhead.
for w o r k e r s ' assemblies.
This
was i n defiance o f a G o v e r n A s the c r o w d passed b y the
ment announcement published
p o l i c e t h e r e were a few e x c i t e d
y e s t e r d a v . . " " ' " ° that »*•
'':
shouts of " K i l l e r s " a n d occas i o n a l r h y t h m i c c l a p p i n g to the
beat
of
Libertad,.
Libertad
(" f r e e d o m , f r e e d o m " ) . B u t f o r
the most p a r t the huge c r o w d
of m o u r n e r s k e p t s i l e n t . Some
A t a press conference given; w o r k . W e a r e g o i n g to lift up
h a d tears i n t h e i r eyes as they
by
the t w o ministers, today' the: c o u n t r y . T h i s i s , what the
Vitoria, March 7
f i l e d b y the g o v e r n m e n t headSeñor
Manuel
Fraga,
the s h o r t l y before, they r e t u r n e d to' c o u n t r y n e e d s . I f a n y o n e wants
quarters.
"
S p a n i s h I n t e r i o r M i n i s t e r , l e f t M a d r i d , i t was revealed 'that the a f i g h t he w i l l have' i t . "
I t was t h e r e that thousands
has
named
ap
this t r o u b l e d B a s q u e c i t y t h i s G o v e r n m e n t
Referring
to the
workers'
of m o u r n e r s r a i s e d t h e i r h a n d s
afternoon after a h u r r i e d a n d a r b i t r a t o r i n the V i t o r i a : l a b o u r demands,, w h i c h i n c l u d e a 40V
w i t h o u t a w o r d a n d m a d e the
•• ft •,•//>''>' '':.>•"•
h e c k l e d v i s i t i n w h i c h he p r o - d i s p u t e . h o u r w o r k i n g week, r e t i r e m e n t
two-fingered
gesture
which
S e ñ o r M a r t í n V i l l a stud' that at 60, one m o n t h ' s h o l i d a y a
means " c uU c k o l d " , the u l t i m a t e fi mised : " If anyone wants a
a V i t o r i a m a g i s t r a t e , w h o m he y e a r , a . . g e n e r a l ^ r i s e of n e a r l y
Insult for any SpaAlard!' Other f gJ?t, he will get it."
T h e m i n i s t e r a r r i v e d here b y d e s c r i b e d as " n e u t r a l " , h a d ' £50 a m o n t h a n d r e e m p l o y m e n t
mourners made the V-sign.
helicopter yesterday
e v e n i n g , a g r e e d t o m e d i a t e a n d ; t h a t the'! of those;, who w e r e d i s m i s s e d
P o l i c e f i n g e r e d t h e i r guns a n d
accompanied by Señor Rodolfo
h e l d t h e i r g r o u n d , but d i d not M a r t i n V i l l a , the m i n i s t e r i n m a n a g e m e n t o f F o r j a » A l a v e s a s * f o r t h e i r .part i n t h e s t r i k e , the
w h e r e the " s t r i k e s . : began . o n . m i n i s t e r s a i d : " I t is n o t pos^
shoot.
' t'< \ c h a r g e of the state-run t r a d e
J a n u a r y 9, h a d a g r e e d to accept .sible to accept a n a r c h i s t or
C o n t i n u e d o n page 4, c o l 1 bunions, a n d L i e u t e n a n t - G e n e r a l his d e c i s i o n s .
*
.Utopian demands."
•..'
' A n g e l Campano López, director
H e also said t h a t the manageLast
night,
police
again
of the C i v i l G u a r d p a r a m i l i t a r y m e n t of the f a c t o r y was w i l l i n g
b r o k e up demonstrations here.
police.
to reinstate
sacked
workers.
T h e i r visit, p r o m p t e d by the " W e f e e l t h a t we have a c c o m - In one s e v e r a l h u n d r e d p e o p l e
fatal s h o o t i n g o f three w o r k e r s p l i s h e d a good d e a l w i t h the g a t h e r e d outside the headquarj by p o l i c e i n V i t o r i a l a s t W e d - a n n u l m e n t of t h e d i s m i s s a l s " , ters of t h e p r o v i n c i a l government, s h o u t i n g : " F r a g a , k i l l e r "
nesday, c o i n c i d e d w i t h the news he s a i d .
a n d o t h e r slogans.
N o shots
that another w o r k e r i n j u r e d in
T h e I n t e r i o r M i n i s t e r h i n t e d were f i r e d .
a clash with p o l i c e o n F r i d a y
Government
might
in the eastern coastal c i t y of t h a t the
W h e n S e i i o r F r a g a v i s i t e d in
even
be
d
i
s
p
o
s
e
d
to
a
c
c
e
p
t
T a r r a g o n a , h a d d i e d . H i s death
h o s p i t a l some of the a p p r o x i involving
the
b r o u g h t the t o t a l of w o r k e r s negotiations
mately 60 people i n j u r e d by
k i l l e d i n c o n f r o n t a t i o n s w i t h the i l l e g a l workers'- c o m m i s s i o n s . p o l i c e bullets, he was i n s u l t e d
p o l i c e i n the p a s t - two weeks R e m i n d e d t h a t the s t r i k e r s at by some of t h e m . T h e wife of
F o r j a s A l a v e s a s a n d o t h e r facto five.
one i n j u r e d m a n d e m a n d e d that
t o r i e s h a d refused to recognize
D u r i n g his o v e r n i g h t v i s i t . t h e a u t h o r i t y of the state-run those r e s p o n s i b l e f o r the k i l l ings a n d i n j u r i e s be b r o u g h t to
S e ñ o r F r a g a was i n f o r m e d of
unions, S e ñ o r F r a g a s a i d : " W e
demands b y the R o m a n C a t h o l i c do n o t e x c l u d e a n y reasonable t r i a l .
c l e r g y of V i t o r i a a n d others to f o r m of n e g o t i a t i o n . "
A b o u t 200,000 people are on
b r i n g to j u s t i c e those respons t r i k e t h r o u g h o u t the c o u n t r y
R e j e c t i n g a suggestion that a n d t h i s number, is e x p e c t e d to
s i b l e f o r the f a t a l s h o o t i n g s . A
f o u r - p o i n t s t a t e m e n t w h i c h he the G o v e r n m e n t p e r h a p s h a d increase t o m o r r o w . C l a n d e s t i n e
i s s u e d last n i g h t , j o i n t l y w i t h acted too late i n s e e k i n g a s o l u - l a b o u r leaders have c a l l e d for
the p r o v i n c i a l a u t h o r i t i e s , re- t i o n to the l a b o u r c o n f l i c t h e r e , a
general
strike
tomorrow
gretted
" the
very
s e r i o u s S e ñ o r F r a g a s n a p p e d : " W e are t h r o u g h o u t the Basque r e g i o n .
d e t e r i o r a t i o n o f p e a c e " , but i t d o i n g e v e r y d i i n g we c a n i n W o r k stoppages have a l r e a d y
r e f o r m s , o c c u r r e d o v e r the w e e k e n d i n
d i d n o t s p e c i f i c a l l y express re- t e r m s of e c o n o m i c
many other cities. I n P a m p l o n a
gret for the w o r k e r s ' deaths, d e m o c r a t i c measures.
their guns
but
nor d i d it p r o m i s e any i n v e s t i " If y o u l i k e , a l l of us are to p o l i c e f i r e d
gation.
.
blame, y o u too. W e are g o i n g to a p p a r e n t l y d i d not hit anyone.
In Other p a r t s of the Country
t h e r e were s i m i l a r i n c i d e n t s
I A b o u t ' 20 p e o p l e began, a
h u n g e r s t r i k e i n the S a n A n t o n
i c h u r c b i n B i l b a o yesterday to
p r o t e s t against p o l i c e v i o l e n c e .
In the southern c i t y of C a d i z ,
about 100 p e o p l e j o i n e d i n mass
p r a y e r s f o r the same reason.
In V i t o r i a itself, p o l i c e ; ; cont i n u e d to eject w o r k e r s f r o m
:,-';,' .',, •
churches.
., T t i " B i l b a o , ; s e c r e t
police |
a r r e s t e d p o l i t i c a l suspects i n
the e a r l y h o u r s o f yesterday.
T h e exact n u m b e r
was n o t
revealed.
• , .
.
T h e S o c i a l i s t F e d e r a t i o n of
the p r o v i n c e of A l a v a issued a
statement c a l l i n g f o r
Señor
F r a g a to be b r o u g h t to t r i a l in
c o n n e x i o n w i t h the shootings
and a s k i n g f o r " the o v e r t h r o w
of the fascist m o n a r c h y " .
A t i g h t e n i n g of censorship,
w h i c h was r e l a x e d after G e n e r a l
F r a n c o ' s death, i s n o w evident.
T h e latest issue of a l e a d i n g
n a t i o n a l w e e k l y . Sábado
Gráfico, was seized by p o l i c e f r o m
the news stands after
many
copies ¡ had been sold.
The
magazine c a r r i e d two possibly
objectionable
articles,
one ;
c r i t i c i z i n g the F i n a n c e M i n i s t e r J
a n d another e n t i t l e d : " F r a n c o ism without Franco ".
Censors also r e m o v e d several
shows f r o m the p r o g r a m m e s o f j
rbe state-run t e l e v i s i o n n e t w o r k Í
last week. T h o s e b a n n e d i n - f
e l u d e d one s t a r r i n g two protest j
singers, a f i l m d i r e c t e d
byj
B u n u e l , and a c r i t i c a l
con-|
sumers guide-type c o m m e n t a r y "
1
ón
TR
Spanish minister promises opponents a fight
nd
a
ci
:
Fu
:
4r'tt:?i&:.\: í,:•,éí--".vte:
;
o o oop o poo
It was l e a r n t h e r e t o d a y that!;
the last of the f o u r V i t o r i a [
s h o o t i n g v i c t i m s to d i e , S e ñ o r I
J o s é C a s t i l l o , aged 43, h a d n o t !
even t a k e n p a r t i n any demons t r a t i o n . H e was shot i n f r o n t !
of his h o m e w h e n he t r i e d to \
m o v e his n e w c a r out o f the
way o f the d i s t u r b a n c e i n the
street.
Señor Juan Pardo, a Vitoria
magistrate appointed o n Sunday
as an a r b i t r a t o r i n the s t r i k e s
by S e ñ o r R o d o l f o M a r t i n V i l l a , ,
the M i n i s t e r for d i e state-rim
t r a d e u n i o n s , spent y e s t e r d a y
afternoon a n d m u c h of today
l i s t e n i n g to the a r g u m e n t s of
d i s m i s s e d w o r k e r s a n d of representatives of the m a n a g e m e n t
of the factory, w h e r e the s t r i k e s
began on J a n u a r y 9.
Bilbao, M a r c h 8.—Riot police
f i r e d t e a r gas a n d used clubs
l a t e r i n the day to d i s p e r s e
a b o u t 5,000 p e o p l e l i n i n g the
m a i n street of B a s a u r i shouting : " M u r d e r e r s , m u r d e r e r s "
at the p o l i c e .
!
ur\ o
oo
¡WEST EUROPE.
Visit may prepare way
for renunciation by
Spanish King's father
General Franco's choice of Juan
7?rom O u r C o r r e s p o n d e n t
C a r l o s as K i n g . L a t e r the b a n
I lad rid, M a r c h 9
was l i f t e d .
'f
1 K i n g Juan Carlos met his
A n estimated 150,000 w o r k e r s
t a m e r , D o n J u a n , the C o u n t o f
are s t i l l o u t o n s t r i k e i n t h e
t J a r c e l o n a , h e r e today as wideB a s q u e c o u n t r y . W o r k e r s at
s p r e a d s t r i k e s c o n t i n u e d i n the
m a n y factories r e t u r n e d to w o r k
-S Basque c o u n t r y a n d t h e c o u r t
t h i s m o r n i n g to h o l d meetings
/ m a r t i a l of n i n e m i l i t a r y officers
w h e r e they d e c i d e d to c o n t i n u e
jentered
i t s second d a y i n
t h e i r strikes u n t i l a l l those
Madrid.
arrested i n incidents over the
I D o n Juan had l u n c h with his
past week w e r e r e l e a s e d .
^son at t h e Z a r z u e l a palace outI n Basauri, near Bilbao, where
i s i d e M a d r i d a n d was r e t u r n i n g
y o u t h was k i l l e d ,
about
I to h i s h o m e i n E s t o r i l , P o r t u g a l , a
[ this e v e n i n g . D o n J u a n i s the 20,000 p e o p l e demonstrated to• c l a i m a n t t o t h e S p a n i s h t h r o n e , day. T h e p o l i c e d i d not b r e a k
' b u t G e n e r a l F r a n c o passed o v e r u p t h e d e m o n s t r a t i o n .
the l i b e r a l c o u n t w h e n
he
A t the c o u r t m a r t i a l o f a n
a p p o i n t e d h i s son as f u t u r e A r m y m a j o r a n d e i g h t captains
K i n g i n 1969.
n e a r M a d r i d , C o l o n e l L u i s Saez,
S p e c u l a t i o n t h a t D o n J u a n p r o s e c u t i n g , t o d a y a s k e d f o r the
w o u l d r e n o u n c e h i s c l a i m to the charge of p l o t t i n g s e d i t i o n to
t h r o n e was i n c r e a s e d b y h i s be c h a n g e d to the m o r e serious
v i s i t . U n c o n f i r m e d r e p o r t s have one of p l o t t i n g m i l i t a r y r e b e l b e e n c i r c u l a t i n g f o r some t i m e l i o n . B u t he d i d not ask f o r
that he w i l l abdicate i n f a v o u r the d e m a n d e d sentences, rangof h i s s o n as h e a d o f t h e B o u r - i n g f r o m t h r e e to 12 years, to
b o n d y n a s t y , t h u s r e s t o r i n g the be changed.
A l l but one of the defendants,
m o n a r c h i s t l e g i t i m a c y o f the
C a p t a i n R u i z C i l l e r o , refused to
l i n e o f succession.
Two
weeks ago h i s press g i v e evidence as a protest at
secretary
denied
n e w s p a p e r the b a n n i n g b y m i l i t a r y a u t h o r i r e p o r t s t h a t . h e w o u l d r e n o u n c e ties of c i v i l i a n l a w y e r s . C o l o n e l
his c l a i m s soon. D o n J u a n has Saez s a i d the a c c u s e d b e l o n g e d
m a d e i t k n o w n t h a t he m i g h t to the i l l e g a l D e m o c r a t i c M i l i Union
a n d that
thenbe w i l l i n g to do so w h e n democ- t a r y
r a c y i s r e s t o r e d to S p a i n . H e actions i m p e r i l l e d the u n i t y o f
,
w a s a d v i s e d b y the S p a n i s h the a r m e d forces.
M a j o r Jose L a c a l l e , d e f e n d i n g ,
G o v e r n m e n t last s u m m e r not to
v i s i t S p a i n after he mad e a s a i d t h e accused h a d d e n i e d
speech f r o m E s t o r i l c r i t i c i z i n g t h e i r m e m b e r s h i p of the u n i o n .
12 years' jail sought for dissident officers
ci
A s the f i r s t p o l i t i c a l t r i a l of
officers s i n c e G e n e r a l F r a n c o
came to p o w e r i n 1939 took
place i n t h e m i l i t a r y c a m p at
H o y o de M a n z a n a r e s , 25 m i l e s
n o r t h o f M a d r i d , p o l i c e i n the
c a p i t a l took u p k e y p o s i t i o n s
to p r e v e n t demonstrations o v e r
i t a n d to stop any demonstrations i n s y m p a t h y w i t h
the
g e n e r a l s t r i k e c a l l e d for today
i n the Basque region.
parachute
brigade,
Captain
Manuel Fernando Lago, cavalry,
and
Captain
Jesus
Martin
C o n s u e g r a , i n f a n t r y ; s i x years
for C a p t a i n J o s é F o r t e s B o u z a n
and
Captain José
Fernando
R e l i e n , i n f a n t r y ; f o u r years f o r
Captain
Antonio
Garcia
Marquez, a r t i l l e r y ; and three
years for C a p t a i n Jesus R u i z
Cillero, A i r Force.
T h e officers were accused of
" p r o p o s i n g s e d i t i o n " , a n d also
of
being
members
of
the
illegal
Democratic
Military
Union
(UDM),
which
was
f o r m e d about two years ago as
a
non-partisan
body
among
officers c a l l i n g for f a r - r e a c h i n g
d e m o c r a t i c r e f o r m s . T h e r e are
a n e s t i m a t e d 1,000 m e m b e r s .
Another A i r Force captain
was c i t e d i n the p r o s e c u t i o n .
H e is C a p t a i n Jose D o m i n g u e z ,
who fled to P a r i s last s u m m e r
j u s t before he was about to be
a r r e s t e d i n c o n n e x i o n w i t h the
o t h e r officers s t a n d i n g t r i a l .
S i n c e f l e e i n g to P a r i s he has
acted as the s p o k e s m a n for the
UDM.
The Government
has
i s s u e d a n o r d e r f o r his a r r e s t
s h o u l d he r e t u r n to S p a i n .
Fu
nd
a
T h e p r o s e c u t i o n is a s k i n g for
12 _ y e a r s ' i m p r i s o n m e n t
for
M a j o r L u i s Otero, a member
of a n engineers r e g i m e n t , a n d
C a p t a i n F e r m í n I b a r r a , of the
artillery;
eight
years
for
C a p t a i n R e s t i t u t o V a l e r o , of a
The
p r o s e c u t i o n s a i d that
M a j o r Otero and. C a p t a i n I b a r r a
w e r e leaders of the organization. Only Captain Garcia and
Captain Ruiz admitted being
m e m b e r s , a n d t h e rest d e n i e d
a n y c o n n e x i o n w i t h the organization.
TR
D o c u m e n t s b e l o n g i n g to the
Armed
Forces
Portuguese
M o v e m e n t , the S p a n i s h C o m m u n i s t P a r t y a n d the Democratic
Military
Union
were
f o u n d i n the h o m e s o f an A r m y
major
and
eight
captains,
a c c o r d i n g to a n i n v e s t i g a t i n g
j u d g e at t h e c o u r t m a r t i a l of
the o f f i c e r s , w h i c h b e g a n h e r e
today.
ón
Madrid, March 8
OOPocc
pa
ño
la
by clandestine labour leaders
was b e i n g h e e d e d .
In B i l b a o , San Sebastian a n d
p o s s i b l y o t h e r B a s q u e cities,
p o l i c e c o n t i n u e d to r o u n d u p
political
leaders.
suspected
A m o n g those t a k e n i n t o c u s t o d y
w e r e a l l e g e d m e m b e r s of the
Spanish
Socialist
Workers'
Party (PSOE), Workers' Trade
U n i o n ( U S O ) a n d the A n t i - C a p i t a l i s t M o v e m e n t of the S i x t h
A s s e m b l y o f the E T A separatist j
movement.
R e q u i e m masses f o r the d e a d i
were said i n many Basque j
towns a n d c i t i e s . A mass h e r e ;
t o d a y was attended b y s e v e r a l ;
thousand.
A sermon, written!
jointly by a number of Roman f
C a t h o l i c p r i e s t s o f the d i o c e s e !
and r e p o r t e d to be a p p r o v e d b y
the b i s h o p , r e p e a t e d the c a l b
m a d e f r o m the same c h u r c h o n r
F r i d a y for a f o r m a l investiga-[
t i o n i n t o the shootings h e r e a n d r
for the p u n i s h m e n t of those res p o n s i b l e f o r the k i l l i n g s .
W
AN
SI
•i.:.-
F r o m H a r r y Debelius
Vitoria, Spain, March 8
Police
bullets
killed
ano t h e r w o r k e r t o d a y as 250.000
p e o p l e w e n t o n s t r i k e i n the
B a s q u e r e g i o n to protest against
the fatal s h o o t i n g of f o u r p e o p l e
by p o l i c e here.
The
dead m a n was S e i i o r
V i c e n t e A n t o n F e r r e r o , aged
18,
w h o was shot
in
the
held
by
the
Civil
Guard
p a r a m i l i t a r y p o l i c e i n a demons t r a t i o n at B a s a u r i , near B i l b a o ,
and
later died i n hospital.
P o l i c e also f i r e d t h e i r guns i n
the B i l b a o i n d u s t r i a l s u b u r b of
S a n t u r c e a l t h o u g h no serious
injuries were reported.
P o l i c e u s e d t e a r gas also to
break up a demonstration i n
Santurce.
A R o m a n Catholic
p r i e s t was t r e a t e d f o r h e a d
i n j u r i e s after b e i n g c l u b b e d i n
a c l a s h w i t h p o l i c e i n the
ancient
Basque
capital
of
Guernica.
In
some
places, s u c h
as
Algorta
and
Llodio,
daily
d e m o n s t r a t i o n s took p l a c e o v e r
the w e e k e n d a n d today.
A n o t h e r d e m o n s t r a t i o n took
p l a c e this a f t e r n o o n i n S p a i n ' s
s u m m e r • c a p i t a l , S a n Sebastian.
In the m i d s t of the t u r m o i l
t h r o u g h o u t most of t h e B a s q u e
r e g i o n , Sefior L e o p o l d o C a l v o
Sotelo, the M i n i s t e r of C o m m e r c e , c a n c e l l e d his s c h e d u l e d
v i s i t to B i l b a o to i n a u g u r a t e a
t r a d e f a i r , s a y i n g he h a d " other
i m p o r t a n t c o m m i t m e n t s " today.
A general strike continued i n
V i t o r i a , w h e r e f o u r of the s i x
w o r k e r s k i l l e d i n clashes w i t h
p o l i c e i n the past t w o w e e k s
have d i e d . B u t the a t m o s p h e r e
was c a l m e r , w i t h c h i l d r e n g o i n g
b a c k to s c h o o l today f o r the
first t i m e s i n c e last W e d n e s d a y ,
and
w i t h m a n y of the city's
shops o p e n a g a i n .
In Pamplona, where police
and
demonstrators
had
s k i r m i s h e d o v e r the w e e k e n d ,
t h e r e was no e v i d e n c e t h a t the
c a l l for a g e n e r a l s t r i k e i s s u e d
^^
Es
Demonstrator killed in
new Basque clash
O. O
N
O
C
IÓ
o oo o o o o o o o o o o6 OO
T h e p r o s e c u t i o n r e f e r r e d to
d o c u m e n t s i s s u e d b y the U D M
s a y i n g that the o r g a n i z a t i o n was
i n f a v o u r o f the l e g a l i z a t i o n of
the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y b u t g i v i n g
a
warning
against
officers
h a v i n g c l o s e associations w i t h
communists.
The
prosecution,
quoting
the a l l e g e d documents, s a i d the
U D M w a n t e d to achieve f o r
Spain
"social
justice
with
l i b e r t y " . The prosecution said
that the U D M d e s c r i b e d Weste r n E u r o p e as h a v i n g " l i b e r t y
without social j u s t i c e " , and
Eastern
Europe
as
having
" social justice without liberty ".
Eighteen
r e l a t i v e s of
the
accused officers a t t e n d e d the
t r i a l as w e l l as 10 p r e s s reprefrom
the
sentatives
(five
foreign
press
corps).
Four
civilian lawyers attended
as
€
observers. T h e o f
prohibited from having civilian
l a w y e r s as the m i l i t a r y a u t h o r i ties s a i d that the charges w e r e
purely military.
A w o m a n representative o f
Amnesty
International
who
t r i e d to a t t e n d the t r i a l was
b a r r e d f r o m e n t e r i n g the c o u r t .
I n a r e l a t e d d e v e l o p m e n t , the
m i l i t a r y a u t h o r i t i e s have rej e c t e d an a p p e a l b y the l a w y e r
a c t i n g for a M a d r i d j o u r n a l i s t
against his f o r t h c o m i n g c o u r t
m a r t i a l f o r r e f u s i n g to r e v e a l
the sources o f a n a r t i c l e he
w r o t e about the U D M .
•
sua
Six
postmen
arrested
in
M a d r i d i n J a n u a r y after the
postal
s e r v i c e was
brought
u n d e r m i l i t a r y r e g u l a t i o n have
been i m p r i s o n e d for six m o n t h s
without
trial,
according
to
i n f o r m e d sources. T w o other
postmen, who were not milit a r i z e d at t h e same t i m e , are
expected
to
appear
shortly
before a p o l i t i c a l c o u r t . T h e
eight are b e l i e v e d to h a v e b e e n
a r r e s t e d after t h e y t r i e d t o a s k
questions a b o u t t h e m i l i t a r i z a tion of the service.
4*.*.;
oooooooo
f> r\
¡WEST EUROPE.
Sentences on nine officers raises
doubts in Spain that w
^
democracy is Government's aim
1
p r i s o n for seven m o n t h s .
T h e o t h e r seven officers, as
t h e y have been s e n t e n c e d to
m o r e t h a n three years, w i l l be
d i s m i s s e d f r o m the A r m y u n d e r
the m i l i t a r y code a n d lose a l l
benefits a n d p r i v i l e g e s accumul a t e d d u r i n g t h e i r service.
T h e p o l i t i c a l t r i a l of the officers, w h i c h lasted for two days
Ä
^
Ä
f
i
Ä
, " . ,
k i n d to be h e l d i n p u b l i c s i n c e
" T h e i r o n l y c r i m e was to
*
want to m a k e a series of re- „ ^
forms w h i c h w o u l d i m p r o v e the
^
»
a n d the e x t r e m e r i g h t . "
T h e sentences were h a n d e d
d o w n as a s t r i k e wave i n the
B a s q u e c o u n t r y appeared to be
d i m i n i s h i n g after the
Forjas
Alavesas
metal
factory
in
Vitoria,
where
the
strikes
began, r e a d m i t t e d 22 d i s m i s s e d
w o r k e r s ' l e a d e r s ; but t h e workers say t h e y w i l l not go back
until
management
negotiates L
d i r e c t l y w i t h t h e i r e l e c t e d rep- I".
resentatives a n d not t h r o u g h the
state-run t r a d e u n i o n s .
A ° r v c n d n f h ^ n n „ t s ^ H e s p o k e s m a n for the m a i n s t r e a m
A r m y speaks of b e i n g outside c j : ,
rPSDFi
sairl •
p o l i t i c s w h e n a l l the t i m e i t has S ™ , , U
?JLr««;
been the s u p p o r t e r of f a s c i s m . "
was the most i m p o r t a n t
p o l i t i c a l t r i a l i n S p a i n for the
T h e sentences were :
Major Luis Otero, eight years ; past 20 years because i t shows
Captain F e r m i n Ibarra, seven and the deep rift i n the last p i l l a r
a half years ; Captain Restituto of r e a c t i o n a r y forces i n S p a i n
Valero, five years ; Captain Manuel —the A r m y .
Fernando Lago, five years ; Cap" N o t e v e n the a r m e d forces
tain Jesus
Martin
Consuegra, are u n i t e d n o w i n d e f e n d i n g
four and a half years ; Captain
José Fortes Bouzan, four years ; the. p o l i t i c a l establishment. T h e
Captain José Reilen, four years ; t r i a l also s h o w e d the force o f
p a In
r t i cout lhaerrl yparts
i n oCfa tthe
a l o nc oi au n tarnyd, '
M a d r i d , thousands of w o r k e r s '
were o n s t r i k e . I n M a d r i d , stopand
pages c o n t i n u e d i n the construction industry
A s p o k e s m a n for the P o p u l a r
S o c i a l i s t P a r t y s a i d the t r i a l ,
a l o n g w i t h the events i n V i t o r i a , I
would make many Spaniards
lose c o n f i d e n c e i n the G o v e r n - f
ment's s i n c e r i t y to b r i n g democ-1
racy.
h
b a
r
<
b
a
t
y
1 5
l
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c
r
e
d
l
b
l
e
T
#
1
9
3
9
w
a
s
c
o
n
d
e
t i e s
U
n
ry
m
a
n
e
S
e
f
i
o
e
m
n
e
d
f
o
p
p
o
r
s
c
t
o
d
a
i
d
o
n
y
b
p
y
a
T
h
a ]
,
f
P
a
r
f
v
s
Spanish town accuse/
'repressive' policed ,
5
AN
SI
Charges of
sedition
over Basque
strikes $
v
.—
—
the w a k
of
tie
a p h otT/™^
a nee of
Sebas
ot od g
a yr a pi hne rthei n wSa k
tne
t i a n t( "
deaths .
"..".•Sff
frontations
w i t h the p o l i c e o v e r
the past t w o w e e k s .
T h e s h o o t i n g c a m e after t h e
t o w n c o u n c i l of B a s a u r i , n e a r
B i l b a o , w h e r e a y o u t h was shot
dead by police i n a demonstrat i o n o n M o n d a y , i s s u e d a statem e n t c o n d e m n i n g the " r e p r e s sive m e a n s " u s e d b y p o l i c e .
T h e p h o t o g r a p h e r was snot i n
the a r m b y m i s t a k e w h e n the
p o l i c e o p e n e d f i r e on a m a n
t h e y w e r e c h a s i n g . I t was not
known
whether
the
photog r a p h e r was a j o u r n a l i s t , or w h y
p e o p l e p e o p l e w e r e shot
b y p o l i c e last w e e k .
a c l a n d e s t i n e statement i n
r "j,"
f u l popuizations;
the
t
p
o
w
e
h
S o c i a
nd
a
Fu
i s t
Platform .
P
latform
of Dc ae lm
a t i c an
C o nindeverl eodc rfor
gence,
have
pendent
inquiry
into
the
shootings.
T h r e e of the a l l e g e d organizers o f the s t r i k e c o o r d i n a t i n g
committee i n Vitoria, who were
a r r e s t e d e a r l i e r t h i s w e e k , have
b e e n t r a n s f e r r e d to the M a d r i d
police headquarters. T h e y ine l u d e S e ñ o r Jesus Naves, w h o
s p o k e f r o m the a l t a r at the
f u n e r a l M a s s o f t h r e e of t h e
v i c t i m s last F r i d a y .
In M a d r i d , s t r i k i n g workers •
:
1
1
t h e m s e l v e s : 800 w o r k e r s at t h e |
f a c t o r y have b e e n o n s t r i k e for
the past m o n t h .
K i n g J u a n C a r l o s saw S e ñ o r
M a n u e l F r a g a , the I n t e r i o r M i n - \
i s t e r , a n d S e ñ o r J o s é M a r i a de
A r e i l z a , the F o r e i g n M i n i s t e r , t
at the Z a r z u e l a P a l a c e yester- |
day, w h i l e the s p e c i a l c o m m i s s i o n to s t u d y c o n s t i t u t i o n a l
r e f o r m s m e t u n d e r t h e presi- j
d e n c y of S e i i o r C a r l o s A r i a s , [
the P r i m e M i n i s t e r .
T h e t w o m i n i s t e r s w h o saw
the k i n g are r e g a r d e d as the
m o s t l i b e r a l i n the G o v e r n m e n t
a n d the m e e t i n g was i n t e r p r e t e d
i n s o m e p o l i t i c a l c i r c l e s as a
s i g n of a p o s s i b l e s p l i t i n the
G o v e r n m e n t b e t w e e n the ref o r m i s t s a n d those w h o w a n t
the pace of r e f o r m to be s l o w e r .
ci
guns.
T h e t o w n c o u n c i l of B a s a u r i
met yesterday i n extraordinary
session after the f u n e r a l f o r the
y o u t h , attended b y 40,000 p e o p l e
who c r o w d e d i n t o the town's
football stadium for a Mass. In
a statement the council said
that i t " c a n n o t a n d m u s t not
be s i l e n t about the d i s t u r b i n g
circumstances" and
attacked
the " f o r c e s of p u b lic order for
using repressive means w h i c h
r e s u l t e d i n this t r a g i c e v e n t " ,
T h e t o w n c o u n c i l l o r s also protested at the a r r e s t of w o r k e r s
w h o s e o n l y c r i m e w a s " to f i g h t
i n their factories for better
social and economic conditions
for a l l w o r k e r s " . T h e i r r e p u d i a t i o n of p o l i c e a c t i o n c a m e
after a s i m i l a r protest b y t h e
t o w n c o u n c i l of V i t o r i a , w h e r e
r
o r e a n
Communist-founded Democratic
i .based
ón
£?2&2
four
dead
In
^
TR
F r o m Our Correspor
nt\jd
M a d r i d , M a r c h 11
Paramilitary Civil Guards i n
p l a i n clothes shot a n d w o u n d e d
J
B
¡9
•
13
SM
•''
A
prominent
Opposition
politician,
Professor
Enrique
T i e r n o G a l v a n , has c a l l e d f o r I
the i m m e d i a t e e t a b l i s h m e n t o f 1
a national coalition government I
as the o n l y s o l u t i o n to S p a i n ' s |
grave political problems.
I
T h e professor, w h o i s h e a d [
of the i l l e g a l P o p u l a r S o c i a l i s t J
P a r t y , s a i d at a news conference i n M a d r i d last n i g h t , t h a t
all
the
democratic
political
forces i n the c o u n t r y , i n c l u d ing
the
Spanish Communist
P a r t y , s h o u l d get together to
f o r m a c o a l i t i o n g o v e r n m e n t . Hp
I t was the o n l y w a y to achieve H
a reconciliation.
K
"The
c u r r e n t wave of pro- fl
tests exists because the G o v e r n - S
m e n t has n o p o l i t i c a l , s o c i a l , I
a n d e c o n o m i c answers to the Bj
country's p r o b l e m s " , he said. B
W h a t h a p p e n e d i n the B a s q u e H
c i t y of V i t o r i a last w e e k , w h e n H
p o l i c e shot d e a d f o u r p e o p l e , •
j c o u l d h a p p e n i n other l a r g e
I S p a n i s h c i t i e s — " m u l t i p l i e d b y j?
ten " — i f the G o v e r n m e n t d i d E
fl
z
m y
a
o c
j
j
I
J
I
!
i
j
j
the extreme r i g h t i n the A r m y
a n d h o w nervous t h e y are i n
the face of d e m o c r a c y spreadi n g . A l l these officers d i d was
to h o l d d e m o c r a t i c beliefs s i m i l a r to F r a g a (the I n t e r i o r M i n ister, r e g a r d e d as a m o r e l i b e r a l
m e m b e r of the G o v e r n m e n t )
and the r e f o r m i s t s .
" T h e t r i a l shows u p
the
weakness of the r e f o r m i s t s a n d
also t h e i r h y p o c r i s y as they are
:
"
j l rrore8
s s opro l i nt i ec aml osolutions.
Gaivan, a
if l a w y e r a n d f o r m a n y years an M
•M o p p o n e n t o f G e n e r a l F r a n c o , S £ g
"H|1
' s a iPdr o fthat,
e s s o r wT
i
e
r
n
o
i t h o u t dGe aml vo ac nr a t i c
v; j o r g a n i z a t i o n s , the c o u n t r y was
b e c o m i n g p o l a r i z e d i n t o left
and r i g h t .
" T h e c h u r c h is b e c o m i n g
m o r e d i v i d e d " , he s a i d . " T h e
d i v i s i o n s are m o r e n o t i c e a b l e
d a i l y , a n d i t is s p e e d i n g u p . "
The R o m a n Catholic C h u r c h i n
S p a i n , because i t h a d representatives
in
the
country's
p o l i t i c a l i n s t i t u t i o n s , was c o m p r o m i s e d . H e c a l l e d for a comp l e t e s e p a r a t i o n of c h u r c h a n d
state.
H e d i d n o t s p e c i f y h o w the
c o a l i t i o n g o v e r n m e n t s h o u l d be
f o r m e d , o n l y t h a t i t w o u l d have
Señor Carlos
to o c c u r after
A r i a s , the P r i m e M i n i s t e r , h a d
resigned.
He would willingly I
take p a r t i n s u c h a g o v e r n m e n t |
w i t h m e m b e r s of the S p a n i s h V
C o m m u n i s t P a r t y , w h i c h h a d to I
be l e g a l i z e d as i t was m o r e 1
d a n g e r o u s u n d e r g r o u n d than i n '.,
the open.
R e f e r r i n g to S e ñ o r M a n u e l
F r a g a I r i b a r n e , the I n t e r i o r J?
Minister,
regarded
as
a 1
" l i b e r a l " i n the g o v e r n m e n t . |
the professor said he t h o u g h t
the m i n i s t e r was m a k i n g " m o r e 1
concessions t h a n c o n v i c t i o n s " |
at
the
moment.
O b s e r v e r s [.
interpreted
this as m e a n i n g
that the professor was disi l l u s i o n e d w i t h the m i n i s t e r ' s
declarations about eventually
b r i n g i n g i n d e m o c r a c y a n d that
he was p a y i n g too m u c h attention to the right.
no
b r i n
N
|f s h i p of t h e i l l e g a l D e m o c r a t i c
M i l i t a r y U n i o n , a non-partisan
o r g a n i z a t i o n c a l l i n g f o r demofeU c r a t i c r e f o r m s for S p a i n .
K|
Seiior M a n u e l Diez-Alegria, a
M S o c i a l D e m o c r a t a n d son of G e n I e r a l M a n u e l D i e z - A l e g r i a , forai, m e r h e a d o f the J o i n t C h i e f s
n ) of S t a f f u n t i l he was d i s m i s s e d
tu' by G e n e r a l F r a n c o i n 1974 f o r
•; From_ H a r r y D e b e l i u s
' M a d r i d , M a r c h 14
L a b o u r t r o u b l e s s h o w e d signs
I o f e a s i n g i n S p a i n at t h e weeke n d , after a m a j o r i t y of m o r e
t h a n 12,000 m i n e r s e m p l o y e d i n
A s t u r i a s b y the state-run m i n i n g f i r m H u n o s a v o t e d to e n d
• t h e i r p r o l o n g e d s t r i k e a n d rei sume work tomorrow.
I n V i t o r i a , i n the Basque
I c o u n t r y , w h e r e the p o l i c e h a d
shot
dead
four
protesting
w o r k e r s e a r l i e r this
month,
several
thousand
workers
• a g r e e d at the w e e k e n d to go
» b a c k to t h e i r j o b s . T h o u s a n d s
remained o n strike, however,
j a n d the p r i n c i p a l issue, that of
the state r u n t r a d e u n i o n s , was
far f r o m b e i n g s o l v e d at some
V i t o r i a factories.
| A
Madrid
political
court
yesterday remanded i n custody
three V i t o r i a labour leaders.
T w o of t h e m , w h o h a d s p o k e n
at
the
workers' funeral
in
jVitoria c a l l i n g for c o n t i n u e d
. i strikes,
were
charged
with
sedition.
T h e c h a r g e against
the t h i r d m a n was not i m m e diately announced.
; R e l a t i v e s of the m e n a r r e s t e d
on W e d n e s d a y i n V i t o r i a s a i d
that at least f o u r others h a d
b e e n h e l d i n c o n n e x i o n w i t h the
labour t r o u b l e s .
Arribai
the
organ of
the
.National" M o v e m e n t , on F r i d a y
b l a m e d :• " p r o f e s s i o n a l
agitat o r s " b e l o n g i n g to the M a r x i s t loriented W o r k e r s ' Commissions
land
the
B a s q u e .... s e p a r a t i s t
o r g a n i z a t i o n f o r the*' t r o u b l e s . I t
j n a m e d the t w o m e n c h a r ' : r
' jwith sedition.
1
1
v
oooo
Opposition
call for "
coalition^
Spain <y^W
C
IÓ
1
o o n n
pa
ño
la
Captain Antonio Garcia Marquez,
three years ; Captain Jesus Ruiz
C i l l e r o , two and a half years.
A c o u r t m a r t i a l i n M a d r i d toT h e sentences are s t i l l to be
day s e n t e n c e d n i n e m i l i t a r y offiby the
Captaincers to t e r m s i n p r i s o n rang- c o n f i r m e d
ing f r o m 2 J to eight years for G e n e r a l o f the F i r s t M i l i t a r y
Captain Garcia and
c o n s p i r i n g to c o m m i t m i l i t a r y R e g i o n .
r e b e l l i o n . T h e sentences caused C a p t a i n R u i z w i l l not be i m deep c o n c e r n a m o n g m a n y non- p r i s o n e d as they benefit f r o m
Juan
Carlos's
pardon,
e s t a b l i s h m e n t p o l i t i c i a n s at the K i n g
d i r e c t i o n i n w h i c h the c o u n t r y w h i c h excludes f r o m i m p r i s o n is h e a d i n g .
m e n t anyone sentenced to t h r e e
The
officers, a m a j o r a n d years a n d less. T h e y w i l l be
e i g h t " c a p t a i , ^ w e r e " c o n " v i c t e d free to r e t u r n to the A r m y .
ooooo
Es
0000000030 OO o
•
Left-wing Ipeips join
united front in Spain '4
the
speed
of the
promised
democratic reforms.
A t a x i d r i v e r was shot dead
i n . G u e t a r i a , n e a r S a n Sebast i a n , it was l e a r n t h e r e today.
T h e k i l l i n g , b e l i e v e d to be the
w o r k of the B a s q u e separatist
o r g a n i z a t i o n E T A , came
after
s p e c u l a t i o n that the f a t a l shootings i n V i t o r i a by p o l i c e m i g h t
l e a d to a n e w wave of antiG o v e r n m e n t v i o l e n c e by B a s q u e
extremists.
T h e d r i v e r , n a m e d as M a n u e l
Albizu
Aliaquez,
was
found
s l u m p e d o v e r the w h e e l
Meanwhile,
the
military
a u t h o r i t i e s are k e e p i n g s i l e n t
about an A r m y m a j o r
understood to have been a r r e s t e d last
week.
Sources close to
the
D e m o c r a t i c M i l i t a r y U n i o n , an
i l l e g a l g r o u p c a l l i n g f o r democratic reforms, said
recently
that the i n t e l l i g e n c e s e r v i c e has
been m a k i n g investigations into
the a c t i v i t i e s of c e r t a i n officers
w i t h a v i e w to r o u n d i n g up
a l l e g e d m e m b e r s of the organization.
VI
| M a d r i d , M a r c h 17
Spain's two ' powerful
lefti w i n g o r g a n i z a t i o n s , the
com] munist-based D e m o c r a t i c J u n t a
j a n d the socialist P l a t f o r m of
1 Democratic
Convergence,
, reached a g r e e m e n t t o d a y o n a
I u n i t e d front.
This important
¡ move c a m e after months
of
negotiations between the t w o
organizations.
A s p o k e s m a n for the C a r l i s t s ,
who
are
in
the
,?latform,
d e s c r i b e d the a g r e e n ' v a s an
i m p o r t a n t step t o w a . i
''the
complete
unity
of
all
the
o p p o s i t i o n s e e k i n g to a r r i v e at
d e m o c r a t i c freedoms " .
Prince
Carlos
Hugo,
the
C a r l i s t p r e t e n d e r to the throne,
who was b a n i s h e d f r o m S p a i n
i n D e c e m b e r , 1968, is e x p e c t e d
to a r r i v e s e c r e t l y i n S p a i n today
or
tomorrow,
according
to
i n f o r m e d sources.
P o l i t i c a l v i o l e n c e r e t u r n e d to
the Basque c o u n t r y f o r
the
second t i m e t h i s week w i t h the
s h o o t i n g late last n i g h t of a
y o u n g w o r k e r at Portuljalete,
near B i l b a o . U n k n o w n g u n m e n ,
b e l i e v e d to be m e m b e r s of the
Basque s e p a r a t i s t o r g a n i z a t i o n
E T A , w o u n d e d the w o r k e r i n
his car. H e is S e ñ o r L o y R u i z
C o r t a d i , aged 23, sbn o f a
prominent
leader
of
Franco
c i i v l war veterans i n the Basque
country.
The victim's family
had r e c e i v e d s e v e r a l t h r e a t s
r e c e n t l y because of t h e i r p o l i t i cal c o n n e x i o n w i t h t h e r e g i m e .
S e ñ o r J o s é M a r i a de A r e i l z a ,
the
F o r e i g n " M i n i s t e r , today
gave a c h i l l y r e c e p t i o n to a
United
States
proposal
to
e x t e n d its use o f f a c i l i t i e s i n
Spain
for propaganda
radio
broadcasts to the S o v i e t U n i o n
for a n o t h e r t h r e e to five years.
M r W e l l s S t a b l e r , the A m e r i c a n
A m b a s s a d o r , h e a d e d a negotiat i n g t e a m w h i c h c a l l e d o n the
Foreign Minister in Madrid.
Señor
Areilza
postponed
f u r t h e r n e g o t i a t i o n s u n t i l the
" near
future",
informed
sources s a i d .
agreements
The
current
a u t h o r i z i n g the A m e r i c a n s to
use R a d i o L i b e r t y , w h i c h b r o a d casts to the S o v i e t U n i o n i n 18
languages f r o m the C o s t a B r a v a ,
runs out next M o n d a y .
. ••.
Commenting on speculation
that the S p a n i s h G o v e r n m e n t
was a n x i o u s to t e r m i n a t e
the
a g r e e m e n t w i t h i n the n e x t s i x
m o n t h s i n o r d e r to i m p r o v e
r e l a t i o n s between
Spain and
R u s s i a , an i n f o r m e d d i p l o m a t i c
soiurce said t o d a y t h a t the prospects of a l o n g e r r e n e w a l were
" n o w less g l o o m y " .
T h e U n i t e d States pays S p a i n
$250,000 (about £125,000) a year
for the use of t e c h n i c a l f a c i l i ties
occupying over
333,000
square metres o n .the C o s t a
B r a v a , a p o p u l a r t o u r i s t area.
U n o f f i c i a l sources estimate the
v a l u e of the l a n d and a l l the
f a c i l i t i e s , a l l c e d e d to S p a i n b y
the U n i t e d States G o v e r n m e n t ,
at m o r e t h a n $ 5 m .
C
IÓ
In M a d r i d staff of the w e e k l y
news magazine G u a d i a n a , h a d
to tear o u r four pages of this
week's magazine last n i g h t after
M i n i s t r y of
Information
the
b a n n e d a n e d i t o r i a l c a l l i n g for
he
resignation
of
Señor
Carlos A r i a s N a v a r r o , the P r i m e
Minister. Other articles banned
i n c l u d e d o n e c a l l i n g f o r the
resignations
of the
Finance
M i n i s t e r a n d the I n f o r m a t i o n
M i n i s t e r a n d a r e p o r t o n the
court m a r t i a l of nine m i l i t a r y
officers.
pa
ño
la
R e p o r t s c i r c u l a t i n g in M a d r i d
today spoke of a G o v e r n m e n t
c r i s i s a l l e g e d l y p r e c i p i t a t e d by
the
desire
of S e ñ o r
Carlos
Arias
Navarro,
the
Prime
Minister,
to
resign.
Other
m i n i s t e r i a l changes may be i n
the offing.
A c c o r d i n g to r e l i a b l e sources,
S e ñ o r A r i a s is a n x i o u s to leave.
H e is b e l i e v e d to h a v e i n f o r m e d
K i n g J u a n C a r l o s about his
i n t e n t i o n w h e n he saw h i m on
F r i d a y night.
S e ñ o r A r i a s N a v a r r o , who was
Prime Minister under Franco,
offered
his r e s i g n a t i o n
after
the general's death.
H e was
b e l i e v e d then to have agreed to
see the c o u n t r y t h r o u g h
the
transitional period, with a view
to r e s i g n i n g later.
Informed
sources also spoke of a " p o w e r
struggle"
between
Señor
A r i a s and S e ñ o r M a n u e l Fraga
I r i b a r n e , the I n t e r i o r M i n i s t e r ,
o v e r the d i r e c t i o n i n w h i c h the
c o u n t r y s h o u l d be h e a d i n g a n d
0
íS8
Es
'ssugs*
N
Madrid Cabinet
to be facing crisis/;
Madrid considers raising wages
ci
nd
a
Fu
f a m i l y , except
for his wife
P r i n c e s s I r e n e of T h e Netherl a n d s , were b a n n e d f r o m r e t u r n i n g to S p a i n i n D e c e m b e r , 1968
by decree of G e n e r a l F r a n c o /
T h a t was seven months before
the
dictator
named
Carlos
H u g o ' s c o u s i n , J u a n C a r l o s , as
his p o l i t i c a l h e i r .
Spain
has
undergone
two
C a r l i s t wars i n the past c e n tury i n a struggle which might
be i n t e r p r e t e d by B r i t i s h p e o p l e
as s i m i l a r to that of the Jacobites. T h e C a r l i s t s enjoy considerable s u p p o r t i n c e r t a i n l i m i ted areas, p a r t i c u l a r l y a r o u n d
Seville
and
Pamplona. " T h e
Carlist party,
except
for
a
m i n o r i t y w i n g w h i c h is a l i g n e d
w i t h the e x t r e m e r i g h t i n S p a i n ,
is i l l e g a l and associated w i t h |
s e v e r a l o u t l a w e d leftist p o l i t i cal m o v e m e n t s .
TR
AN
SI
the i m p l a n t a t i o n of a totalitar i a n system w i l l be f o r b i d d e n .
T h i s is w i d e l y i n t e r p r e t e d to
mean that the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y
and its affiliates w i l l be exc l u d e d . W h e t h e r e x t r e m e rightwing totalitarian parties
will
also be banned is not yet certain.
But
even
for
many
nonv i o l e n t p o l i t i c a l organizations,
one clause could i n v a l i d a t e the
whole draft. T h i s insists that
p o l i t i c a l organizations must f a l l
w i t h i n the f r a m e w o r k of the
regime's Falange-based N a t i o n a l
M o v e m e n t , the
umbrella-type
single party.
T h e draft law is u n i q u e i n
that i t is the first i n S p a i n to
m a k e a direct reference to the
U n i t e d Nations D e c l a r a t i o n of
H u m a n Rights.
T h e C a r l i s t c l a i m a n t to the
S p a n i s h throne, P r i n c e C a r l o s
H u g o , was expected to a r r i v e
h e r e today, despite a decree
b a n n i n g his presence.
P r i n c e C a r l o s H u g o and other
members
of
his
immediate
ón
From H a r r y Debelius
T h e S p a n i s h C a b i n e t is bel i e v e d to have s t u d i e d p r o p o s a l s
today to raise the n a t i o n a l m i n i m u m d a i l y wage by a p p r o x i mately 20 p e r cent to a b o u t
?>40 pesetas (£2.70) w i t h seven
days pay for a six-day week.
Other
economic
measures
u n d e r c o n s i d e r a t i o n are thought
to deal w i t h the c r i t i c a l unemp l o y m e n t in the b u i l d i n g t r a d e ; .
I n f o r m e d sources said that the
Cabinet m i g h t also be d i s c u s s i n g
a r e f e r e n d u m on c o n s t i t u t i o n a l
changes.
M a d r i d newspapers devoted
c o n s i d e r a b l e space today to a
p r o p o s e d l a w to authorize the
f o r m a t i o n of p o l i t i c a l parties,
w h i c h i s b e i n g s t u d i e d by the
Cortes ( P a r l i a m e n t ) . A c c o r d i n g
to this draft l a w — w h i c h c u r i ously still
uses the
Franco
regime's t e r m i n o l o g y of " associations " w h e n
referring
to
political parties—any
political
organization
which
advocates
the use of v i o l e n c e or proposes
It was not i m m e d i a t e l y k n o w n
if the G o v e r n m e n t b a n o n the
C a r l i s t p r i n c e ' s r e t u r n h a d been
lifted
|
L e a d i n g a r t i c l e , page 15
;
f
Madrid
politicaL
c o u r t jaijs?
t ^ ^ v
nine communisms
<j F r o m O u r C o r r e s p o n d e n t
s
. M a d r i d , M a r c h 16
&
1
A
Madrid
political
court
j today
sentenced
nine
comj m u n i s t s to p r i s o n terms r a n g i n g
j f r o m two to five years for
| b e l o n g i n g to an i l l e g a l organizai t i o n . T h e y w e r e c o n v i c t e d of
• belonging
to
the
Marxisti L e n i n i s t O r g a n i z a t i o n of S p a i n .
i
T h e sentences are i n l i n e
j w i t h the G o v e r n m e n t ' s deteri m i n a t i o n to e x c l u d e a l l comj munist groups from political
I activities.
Almost
e v e ry
1 o p p o s i t i o n g r o u p has c a l l e d f o r
j the l e g a l i z a t i o n of the C o m - j '
imunist Partv,
j-
,\
_____
fe
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
O . O . O . . Ò
o , o . p . p
;
. o A O : - Q - o a a . o i i û m û ^
1_
Missing director belfcvcu"
kidnapped by Basques vJ
p a i d £80,000 he w o u l d suffer
reprisals.
T h e G o v e r n m e n t has d e m i l i t a r i z e d thousands of p o s t m e n
who w e r e c a l l e d up two m o n t h s
ago i n M a d r i d f o r t a k i n g p a r t
i n l a b o u r disputes. T h i s means
that the p o s t m e n can n o w take
off t h e i r r e d a n d y e l l o w badges
w i t h the l e t t e r " M " , for m i l i tarized, on them.
Police i n the Basque country
today m o u n t e d a b i g s e a r c h
o p e r a t i o n f o r a m i s s i n g indust r i a l i s t w h o was b e l i e v e d to
have been k i d n a p p e d late last
n i g h t b y the B a s q u e separatist
organizar'-i E T A .
A car b e l o n g i n g to S e ñ o r
A n g e l B e r a z a g u i U r b e , a g e d 56,
was f o u n d e a r l y t o d a y o n the
San S e b a s t i a n to B i l b a o r o a d .
N e a r i t was a n o t h e r c a r that
h a d been stolen at g u n p o i n t
e a r l i e r b y two
en.
Señor
Berazagui U r b e
is
m a n a g i n g d i r e c t o r of a b i g
s e w i n g m a c h i n e c o m p a n y at
Elgoibar, near San Sebastian.
H i s f a m i l y r e p o r t e d h i m missi n g at 5 a m .
T h e f a m i l y has n o t r e c e i v e d
a
ransom
note, but* S e ñ o r
B e r a z a g u i U r b e was sent a
t h r e a t e n i n g letter f r o m E T A
last y e a r s a y i n g t h a t unless he
The Carlist Party issued a
statement today about the refusal to a l l o w P r i n c e C a r l o s H u g o
to enter S p a i n , after eight years
m exile. The socialist prince,
who is the C a r l i s t c l a i m a n t to
the throne, a r r i v e d i n M a d r i d
a i r p o r t last n i g h t f r o m P a r i s ,
o n l y to be sent b a c k o n the
same aircraft. H e a n d m e m b e r s
of his f a m i l y w e r e banned b y
G e n e r a l F r a n c o n 1968.
T h e C a r l i s t s s a i d the r e f u s a l
of
e n t r y was p r o o f of t h e
f r a u d u l e n t p r o m i s e s m a d e by
the G o v e r n m e n t to b r i n g democratic reforms.
Spaniards plan mass rally
to demand democracy
I F r o m Our Correspondent
1 M a d r i d , M a r c h 22
I
A
huge
demonstration
is
f
b e i n g p l a n n e d by representa1
tives of the o p p o s i t i o n , profes|
s i o n a l bodies, the C h u r c h a n d
civic
organizations,
among
o t h e r s , to d e m a n d d e m o c r a t i c
r e f o r m s , i f was l e a r n t
here
tonight.
The
demonstration, planned
, f o r A p r i l 4 i n M a d r i d , looks as
j | : vJ i f i t c o u l d be the biggest yet.
I h e organizers are to seek perj
E i tf*! m i s s i o n f r o m the MMi ni ni si st rt yr y oof
i
f' M ' ] the I n t e r i o r , but say that t h e y
i' "n"t *e "n•d' to «"»
go ahead w
wiitthh tthhoeiirr
- 'demonstration ' even
if-.perm i s s i o n is not g r a n t e d . A t o t a l
of 380 p e o p l e h a v e s i g n e d a
|
n e r v
m
l
s
s
l
0
n
l
t
r
o
m
Spanishrightwarns^
Cabinet on reforms^
" O n l y S p a n i a r d s have
the
i r i g h t to d e c i d e t h e i r o w n conj s t i t u t i o n a l s y s t e m " , he s a i d .
" F o r e i g n pressures to m a k e o u r
; institutions conform with theirs
are i n a d m i s s i b l e because t h e y
] are a n attempt at c o l o n i z a t i o n . "
• H e also c a l l e d f o r G i b r a l t a r to
i be r e t u r n e d to S p a i n as its i n i t e g r a l p . rt.
P o l i t i c a l l y , s o c i a l l y a n d econ-
H u n d r e d s o f m e m b e r s of t h e
Federation
of
Civil
War
V e t e r a n s w e r e p r e s e n t at a
R e q u i e m M a s s yesterday for
G e n e r a l F r a n c o at the V a l l e y of
the F a l l e n w h e r e the G e n e r a l i s
b u r i e d n e x t to C i v i l W a r veterans. It was attended by G e n e r a l
Franco's widow, Dona Carmen
P o l o , a n u m b e r of f o r m e r m i n i sters a n d s e n i o r officers o f the
a r m e d forces. N o m e m b e r of the
G o v e r n m e n t was present.
Spanish ^
oppositioi
unity talfer.
nd
a
-
F r o m Our Correspondent \fN/
The
two
largest
Spanish h
opposition
o r g a n i z a t i o n s , the i
Communist-founded Democratic M
J u n t a a n d the Socialist-based j§
P l a t f o r m of D e m o c r a t i c C o n - [*
vergence, met i n M a d r i d today 1
for the f i r s t of three days o f §
i n t e n s i v e discussions o n f o r m - ' f l
| ing a united opposition group B
I to be c a l l e d the D e m o c r a t i c H
I Alliance.
1
T h e talks went on w h i l e the | |
^ . c o m m a n d e r s of the F i r s t M i l i - H
j ' t a r y R e g i o n in M a d r i d report- m
1. e d l y a p p r o v e d the court m a r t i a l 0
l | sentences, r a n g i n g f r o m two a n d fcj
I a h a l f to • eight years, passed H
j e a r l i e r this m o n t h against a H
j m a j o r and eight captains f o r i
• b e l o n g i n g to the i l l e g a l Demo- j ;
! cratic M i l i t a r y U n i o n ( U D M ) . f . ;
1 T h e P l a t f o r m and the J u n t a , •,:
] w h i c h i n c l u d e most of the i m - | |
; p o r t a n t o p p o s i t i o n groups i n j '
| S p a i n , f o r m a l l y a g r e e d to t a l k s <;
J on a u n i t e d p l a t f o r m two weeks Ej
1 ago, after months of negotia- hi
j tions
and
bickering
about,'
s p o l i t i c a l differences,
j
A s p o k e s m a n for the J u n : a p '
. I t o l d The
Times
today
that
j " gigantic
steps
towards
a['
j united
opposition had
beenjg
] taken in the past four months E g
! after 40 years ot d i s u n i t y . H e ; . "
i b e l i e v e d the A r m y , the m a i n - ' •
j s t a y of G e n e r a l F r a n c o ' s die- j.
j tatorship, w o u l d be more w i l l - ! ,
j i n g to m a k e contacts w i t h t h e f /
I o p p o s i t i o n , w h i c h it has so f a r t ; '
j s p u r n e d , if it was u n i t e d over'..;'.
I basic issues.
C
IÓ
:
1
A M a d r i d p o l i t i c a l court yesterday
sentenced
five
Comm u n i s t s to p r i s o n terms rangi n g f r o m t h r e e to five years f o r
b e l o n g i n g to an i l l e g a l organization.
A n o t h e r court fined a
s c u l p t o r £2,000 f o r a l l e g e d conn e x i o n s w i t h the C o m m u n i s t
P a r t y . A p a i n t e r arrested w i t h
h i m was r e l e a s e d .
ci
;
e
AN
SI
Senor G i r o n is a member of
the Cortes appointed by General
Franco,
a
member
of
the
C o u n c i l of t h e R e a l m , S p a i n ' s
highest a d v i s o r y b o d y , a n d of
the s p e c i a l c o m m i s s i o n to study
constitutional reform.
H e s a i d t h a t the G o v e r n m e n t
should " develop and perfect
t h e o r g a n i c c h a n n e l s of p o l i t i c a l
r e p r e s e n t a t i o n " a n d reject a l l
moves towards e s t a b l i s h i n g p o l i tical parties. T o allow political
p a r t i e s w o u l d o n l y l e a d to the
chaos o f the 1930s.
H e also r e j e c t e d the G o v e r n ment's moves f o r S p a i n to j o i n
the E u r o p e a n C o m m u n i t y . H e
, mentioned i n particular
the
1 journeys made by Senor J o s é
I M a r i a de A r e i l z a , t h e F o r e i g n
M i n i s t e r , who is r e g a r d e d as a
" r e f o r m i s t " a n d one o f t h e
; m a i n s u p p o r t e r s of E E C e n t r y .
S e ñ o r L u i s A p o s t u a , the p o l i tical
commentator
for
the
Roman Catholic newspaper Y a ,
said today that while S e ñ o r
G i r o n d i d n o t have
enough
s t a n d i n g to p r o v o k e a g o v e r n ment c r i s i s " , he had " s u f f i c i e n t to o b s t r u c t the G o v e r n ment's m o d e r a t e p r o g r a m m e o f
reform ".
S e v e r a l o p p o s i t i o n groups a r e
to set u p a c o m m i s s i o n to i n v e s tigate
alleged
"crimes
of
F r a n c o i s m " i t was l e a r n t i n
M a d r i d today. T h e commission
is also to investigate the a c t i v i ties o f p e o p l e i n p o s i t i o n s o f
p o w e r after G e n e r a l F r a n c o ' s
death.
A n o t e sent to n e w s p a p e r s
s a i d : " W e a r e g a t h e r i n g evidence w h i c h i n due t i m e w i l l be
m a d e k n o w n to the S p a n i s h
people- a n d to w o r l d o p i n i o n . "
•
1%
TR
I n a manifesto i s s u e d at the
e n d of a three-day congress b y
the F e d e r a t i o n of C i v i l W a r
Veterans, Senor J o s é Antonio
G i r o n , its l e a d e r , m a d e i t c l e a r
t h a t s u p p o r t e r s of t h e r e g i m e
created
by
General
Franco
w o u l d b l o c k any moves to dism a n t l e the s y s t e m .
»
o m i c a l l y the c o u n t r y h a d r a p i d l y
d e c l i n e d since the death of G e n e r a l F r a n c o o n N o v e m b e r 20, he
said.
" I t is difficult for the
s y s t e m to f u n c t i o n i f its effic i e n c y is p u t i n t o doubt a n d i t s
l e g i t i m a c y i s not d e f e n d e d . "
ón
T h e r i g h t m a d e its b o l d e s t
c h a l l e n g e yet to the G o v e r n m e n t today, u r g i n g i t not to
negotiate w i t h the o p p o s i t i o n
a n d to reject a l l p o l i t i c a l parties o t h e r t h a n t h e N a t i o n a l
Movement, the country's only
legal political organization.
n
;
11181
t
n
p e t i t i o n a n d p l a n to h e a d the
demonstration.
A m o n g the non-establishment
p o l i t i c i a n s who have s i g n e d are
S e ñ o r F e l i p e Gonzalez, secret a r y of the S p a n i s h W o r k e r s '
Socialist P a r t y ; S e ñ o r E n r i q u e
T i e r n o G a l v a n , l e a d e r of the
P o p u l a r S o c i a l i s t P a r t y , and
Señor
Joaquin Ruiz-Jimenez,
the C h r i s t i a n D e m o c r a t i c leader.
The
auxiliary
Bishop
of
M a d r i d , M g r A l b e r t o Iniesta,
and several R o m a n Catholic
o r g a n i z a t i o n s have also s i g n e d .
In the p e t i t i o n the 380 people
c a l l for an amnesty for p o l i t i c a l
p r i s o n e r s and the r e t u r n of
p o l i c a l e x i l e s , " necessary for
an effective r e c o n c i l i a t i o n between a l l S p a n i a r d s " .
N
^
One of the m a j o r obstacles.^"
! to an agreement between t h e ; . ;
! two organizations l a s been the!.;;,
:i r e p r e s e n t a t i o n of i n d e p e n d e n t ^ ' j and non-party m e m b e r s of t h e t „
; Junta. T h e y will now form a n '
independent, g r o u p " and w i l l ii
• have o n l y one vote. A l l m e m - E g
bers of the P l a t f o r m represent "
] parties.
BY
A statement w i l l be issued a i a',*
the e n d of the discussions a n d
it is expected that there w i l l he \
a c a l l for a p r o v i s i o n a l govern- ffc
ment made up of a l l the demo- U?l
c r a t i c forces i n the c o u n t r y .
.
1
" I f there is not, then by the ;
s u m m e r p r o b l e m s are g o i n g to fe.
get worse and what h a p p e n e d
i n V i t o r i a fwhere p o l i c e shot I
four w o r k e r s dead and i n j u r e d
m o r e than 60 i n demonstrations f:'
e a r l i e r this m o n t h ] c o u l d v e r y ';
well happen i n M a d r i d " . the S ;
J u n t a spokesman said.
The Spanish Communist Partv
has issued a statement s a y i n g K
that
negotiations
should
be?,
started w i t h " reformist " mem- i
bers of the G o v e r n m e n t , the 1.
A r m y and the C h u r c h to e s t a b f.
l i s h a p r o v i s i o n a l g o v e r n m e n t . KL'I
;
;
pa
ño
la
o
Es
o
Fu
o
m m
Calls against reforms at
Madrid right-wing rmf
Y
ci
nd
a
Fu
6
|
WEST EUROPE.
Spanish regime bans
press conference yj
by opposition alliance
F r o m , O u r Correspondent
T h e S p a n i s h G o v e r n m e n t tonight banned a news conference
called by Democratic Coordination, the new and important
alliance of opposition political
groups,
and
temporarily
d e t a i n e d t w o o f its l e a d e r s .
At
the
conference,
the
l e a d e r s o f t h e 13 g r o u p s w h i c h
m a k e u p the n e w o r g a n i z a t i o n
w e r e t o have presented a manifesto c a l l i n g f o r a d e m o c r a t i c
b r e a k f r o m the o l d F r a n c o
reeime a n d the establishment
'.
;_:«.—.•»rtn.«j«impnt
of .'a'provisional
government.
R u t before i t began secret
p o l i t i c a l p o l i c e a r r i v e d at the
M a d r i d ' o f f i c e s of S e ñ o r A n t o n i o
Garcia
Trevijano, a lawyer,
w h e r e the o p p o s i t i o n l e a d e r s
were gathering.
S e ñ o r R a u l M o r o d o of the
Popular Socialist P a r t y
and
S e ñ o r M a r c e l i n o Camacho, the
former political prisoner and
one o f the leaders o f
the
w o r k e r s ' c o m m i s s i o n s (the powerful underground trade u n i o n
m o v.~e m e n t ), ,
were
taken
to
police headquarters. There they
w e r e q u e s t i o n e d a n d , i t was bel i e v e d , later released.
T h e b a n n i n g o f the m e e t i n g
on the direct orders of Senor
M a n u e l F r a g a I r i b a r n e , the I n t e r i o r M i n i s t e r , i s b o u n d to
antagonize
the
opposition,
w h i c h has l o s t c o n f i d e n c e i n
t h e d e m o c r a t i c i n t e n t i o n s of the
Government. R e c e n t l y a greater
d e g r e e o f t o l e r a t i o n has b e e n
e x e r c i s e d b y the a u t h o r i t i e s , b u t
t h i s b a n n i n g c o u l d be the start
of a n e w wave of r e p r e s s i o n .
Senor Fraga, who is regarded
as one o f the " r e f o r m i s t " m e m b e r s o f the G o v e r n m e n t , m a d e
TR
AN
SI
p r e f e r r e b i r t h " . H e was referr i n g to the r e b i r t h of the
Falange.
A w o m a n p r e c e d i n g h i m at
the r a l l y r e a d out telegrams of
s u p p o r t s a i d to be f r o m G e r m a n N a z i s , right w i n g C r o a t i a n
nationalists a n d C u b a n e x i l e s .
A n o t h e r s p e a k e r w a r n e d the
a u d i e n c e that those w h o w a n t e d
changes i n S p a i n r e a l l y w a n t e d
to i n t r o d u c e d e p r a v i t y a n d the
use of d r u g s .
A f t e r the r a l l y the c r o w d
massed b e h i n d r e d a n d b l a c k
F a l a n g i s t flags, r a i s e d t h e i r
a r m s i n a fascist salute a n d
sang the F a l a n g i s t song, " F a c e
to the S u n " .
T h e r e were also shouts o f :
"To
h e l l w i t h the C a b i n e t " ,
" F r a n c o yes, F r a g a no " ( S e n o r
F r a g a I r i b a r n e , the M i n i s t e r of
t h e I n t e r i o r ) a n d " S a c k the
Government".
R e p r e s e n t a t i v e s of the two
m a i n o p p o s i t i o n c o a l i t i o n s , the
Communist-oriented Democratic
J u n t a a n d the Socialist-founded
P l a t f o r m of D e m o c r a t i c C o n vergence, w o u n d u p talks i n
Madrid
yesterday
with
an
a p p a r e n t a g r e e m e n t to f o r m a
u n i t e d front. T h e y d e c i d e d to
press f o r a " d e m o c r a t i c b r e a k "
w i t h w h a t was left of the
Franco regime.
ón
F r o m O u r C o r r e s p o n d e n t ty
t /
More
than
2,000
people
attended
a right-wing rally
today
shouting:
"Franco,
Franco, Franco " . They cheered
w h e n they w e r e t o l d : " W e are
n o t a s h a m e d to b e r e f e r r e d to
as t h e B u n k e r " (the entrenched
right).
Y o u n g men wearing red and
w h i t e a r m bands, dressed i n
k h a k i s h i r t s a n d b l a c k trousers
t u c k e d i n t o boots p a t r o l l e d the
edges of the c r o w d i n a s q u a r e
outside a c i n e m a w h e r e the
r a l l y was h e l d .
T h e r e w e r e also u n i f o r m e d
m e m b e r s o f a E u r o p e a n neofascist v o u t h m o v e m e n t , m e m bers o í the b l u e u n i f o r m e d
F a l a n g i s t y o u t h and b e m e d a l l e d
b l u e - s h i r t e d v e t e r a n s o f the
Civil War.
In a speech S e ñ o r B l a s P i n a r ,
a m e m b e r of the C o r t e s b y
a p p o i n t m e n t a n d l e a d e r o f the
r i g h t - w i n g N e w F o r c e movement, t o l d h i s f o l l o w e r s that
they
were
" the
spiritual
reserve of the West." H e said
that c h a n g e was unnecessary
w h e n a perfect system h a d been
achieved.
"Faced
with
the
choice
between r e f o r m and r e b i r t h , we
pa
ño
la
(
: i
Es
j M a d r i d , M a r c h 24
" P o l i t i c a l v i o l e n c e a n d arrests,
c o n t i n u e d i n S p a i n today astf _ur C a b i n e t m i n i s t e r s took
-.•great pains to c o n v i n c e n a t i o n a l
i pewspaper
editors that
they
' r e a l l y want democracy.
'i* T h e p u r p o s e of the m e e t i n g
| between the editors a n d t h e ,
-i m i n i s t e r s of I n t e r i o r , J u s t i c e , '
I n f o r m a t i o n and T o u r i s m and;
; the N a t i o n a l M o v e m e n t was t o |
•; o b t a i n more " p o s i t i v e " report-,
' i n g about the C a b i n e t ' s p r o p o s a l ,
• to g i v e p o l i t i c a l parties g r e a t e r
o p p o r t u n i t y for l e g a l recognii tion.
The
draft l a w w h i c h
the
m i n i s t e r s t r i e d to s e l l to the
; editors does not use the w o r d
; " p a r t y " ; i t refers to p o l i t i c a l i
| organizations in the
Franco I
: regime's t e r m i n o l o g y as " asso• ciations", and it requires a l l
s u c h associations to be a p a r t
of the p r e s e n t s i n g l e p a r t y
: o r g a n i z a t i o n , k n o w n as
the
N a t i o n a l M o v e m e n t . T h e minis; ters a p p a r e n t l y h o p e d to conv i n c e the editors t h a t the draft
law will really allow political
: p a r t i e s to exist i n S p a i n .
Madrid,
M a r c h 24.—About
300
Spanish
journalists,
demanding
freedom
of
the
press, were c h a r g e d by p o l i c e
w i t h d r a w n batons i n c e n t r a l
M a d r i d today.
1 F r o m Our Correspondent
Franco wholeheartedly in the
u p r i s i n g against the S p a n i s h
The
political
p o l i c e were R e p u b l i c w h i c h b r o u g h t h i m to
¿¿1 s e a r c h i n g M a d r i d t o d a y f o r p o w e r . T h e d i c t a t o r l a t e r t u r n e d
'•>•) P r i n c e s s M a r i a T e r e s a B o u r b o n - his b a c k on the C a r l i s t s , howj f [ P a r m a , one
of the
K i n g ' s ever, to p i c k P r i n c e J u a u Car} r e l a t i v e s , to
hand
her
an los, t h e son o f the I s a b e l i n a
ii'r| e x p u l s i o n o r d e r . K i n g
Juan claimant
and
grandson
of
•Sf C a r l o s ' s G o v e r n m e n t a p p a r e n t l y S p a i n ' s last k i n g , A l f o n s o X I I I .
l l c o n s i d e r s the princess, sister to
T h e C a r l i s t s d i d not g i v e u p ,
" I the S p a n i s h m o n a r c h ' s C a r l i s t e v e n after P r i n c e J u a n C a r l o s
' j r i v a l , P r i n c e C a r l o s H u g o , a assumed the C r o w n . P r i n c e s s
| f threat to n a t i o n a l s e c u r i t y .
M a r i a Teresa, who h ad entered
H
General
Franco
expelled Spain secretly a number of
| P r i n c e C a r l o s H u g o and the times o v e r the past f e w years,
vj r e s t of his f a m i l y , except f o r a r r i v e d h e r e w i t h o u t f a n f a r e
lii his D u t c h wife P r i n c e s s I r e n e , and a p p a r e n t l y w i t h g o v e r n m e n t
f:| i n
December,
1968,
s e v e n consent about a m o n t h ago. A n
;i months before he n a m e d the a r t i c l e by h e r o n C a r i i s m was
':i then P r i n c e J u a n C a r l o s as. h i s p u b l i s h e d i n The Times o n W e d e v e n t u a l successor a n d p o l i t i c a l nesday last week.
I heir.
The
political
police sumA weeic ago the C a r l i s t p r i n c e m o n e d
Senor
Jose
Maria
I a r r i v e d in M a d r i d b y a i r f r o m Z a b a l a , secretary-general o f t h e
Paris. T h e p o l i c e at the a i r p o r t o u t l a w e d C a r l i s t P a r t y , to a
I put hint back on the same air- p o l i c e s t a t i o n last night. T h e y
i craft r e f u s i n g h i m entry,
are s a i d to have asked h i m to
j
T h e C a r l i s t s h a d h i g h hopes b r i n g t h e m the princess's pass] that t h e i r m a n w o u l d m o u n t the p o r t so that they c o u l d p u t a
j t h r o n e one day, as t h e i r v o l u n . stamp i n i t w h i c h w o u l d e n d
!l reer troops s u p p o r t e d G e n e r a l her visa w i t h i n 24 hours.
N
• Rujjm O u r C o r r e s p o n d e n t
Police search Madrid fo£ »,
sister of rival prince &
C
IÓ
Editors hear
Madrid's
reform plans
i t c l e a r last w e e k that a n y
o r g a n i z a t i o n p r o p o s i n g a democratic break with the regime
" w i l l have to d e a l w i t h m e " .
Democratic Coordination, the
j o i n t p r o d u c t o f the o l d c o m munist-founded
Democratic
J u n t a a n d t h e socialist-based
P l a t f o r m of Democratic Convergence, came together last
w e e k after m o n t h s o f negot i a t i n g a n d b i c k e r i n g about
policies.
T h e manifesto w h i c h w a s t o
have b e e n p r e s e n t e d at t o n i g h t ' s j
c o n f e r e n c e c a l l s f o r a democratic break with the Francoist
regime
with
an
amnesty*
for
political
prisoners'
(estimates o f t h e i r
number'
v a r y f r o m 600 to 1,800) ; the',
r e t u r n of a l l p o l i t i c a l e x i le s |
w i t h guarantees t h a t t h e y w i l l 'n o t be a r r e s t e d a n d t r i e d f o r j
old political offences; recognition of political rights without
e x c l u s i o n , b o t h for n a t i o n a l a n d
regional p a r t i e s ; an independ e n t a n d u n i t e d j u d i c i a r y system, w h i c h would mean that
p o l i t i c a l courts w o u l d d i s a p .
p e a r ; a n d the n e u t r a l i t y of the
armed
forces
in
internal
affairs.
Democratic Coordination, or
P l a t a j u n t a as i t is p o p u l a r l y
c a l l e d , says that g e n e r a l elections based o n u n i v e r s a l suffrage s h o u l d be c a l l e d after t h e
setting up of a provisional
Government,
T h e r e is l i t t l e n e w i n the
programme for other opposition
g r o u p s have b e e n m a k i n g s i m i tar p o i n t s f o r m o n t h s ; b u t w h a t
is i m p o r t a n t is that f o r t h e f i r s t
rime
i n at least 40 years the
S p a n i s h o p p o s i t i o n has s t a r t e d
to f o r m c o m m o n p o l i c i e s a n d
c o m e together.
j
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
0
O
po
Seville welcome for King
seen as political test
o
]
'
T h e p o l i c e c l a i m e d that the
d e m o n s t r a t i o n had been c a l l e d
by
" s u b v e r s i v e groups
from
various illegal
organizations"
a n d had been p r o h i b i t e d by the
a u t h o r i t i e s . T h e y b r o k e up the
protest
with
tear
gas
and
r u b b e r b u l l e t s , a c c o r d i n g to the
i n e w s p a p e r . One of the i n j u r e d ,
S e ñ o r i t a C a r m e n M a r t i n e z , had
'received
"serious
head
injuries".
1
A n u m b e r of p e o p l e w e r e
I a r r e s t e d , some of w h o m were
r e l e a s e d w i t h i n hours,
j
Shops
and
schools
were
I c l o s e d i n S e v i l l e t o d a y to enI sure a l a r g e a t t e n d a n c e for the
;
From Our Correspondent
The
political
temperature
rose i n M a d r i d t o d a y w h e n i t
was l e a r n t t h a t a s u i t h a d b e e n
f i l e d against t h r e e m i n i s t e r s
a l l e g i n g that t h e y h a d i n s u l t e d
the N a t i o n a l M o v e m e n t , S p a i n ' s
only l e g a l p o l i t i c a l o r g a n i z a t i o n ,
that ' four
Opposition
and
headers h e l d at p o l i c e headquarters
may
be
tried
for
illegal p o l i t i c a l a c t i v i t i e s .
ón
;
I
j
\
,
j
j
;
P a r a d o x i c a l l y , the h e w B i l l T o f
legalize
political
associations
says that a l l those w i s h i n g to be |
r e c o g n i z e d m u s t respect t h e fun- r
d a m e n t a l l a w s o f the M o v e m e n t , jj
It is t h e r e f o r e d i f f i c u l t to un-f:
derstand
how the M o v e m e n t '
c o u l d be e x c l u d e d .
Señor Antonio Garcia Trevijano, a M a d r i d lawyer, S e ñ o r ;
M a r c e l l i n o C a m a c h o , one of t h e |
l e a d e r s of the W o r k e r s C o m m i s sions, S e ñ o r J a v i e r A l v a r e z , of
the S p a n i s h c o m m u n i s t move- j
ment,
and
Señor
Nazario f
A g u a d o , of the W o r k e r s P a r t y ,
w e r e s t i l l b e i n g q u e s t i o n e d today by p o l i c e .
S e ñ o r G a r c i a was s u m m o n e d
to p o l i c e h e a d q u a r t e r s yesterday m o r n i n g w h i l e t h e o t h e r
three were arrested on M o n d a y
n i g h t after t h e b a n n i n g of a
news c o n f e r e n c e p l a n n e d by the
D e m o c r a t i c C o o r d i n a t i o n , the
new a l l i a n c e of left-wing opposition groups.
It b e c a m e c l e a r e r t o d a y that
the G o v e r n m e n t is d e l i b e r a t e l y
singling
out
for
harassment
those g r o u p s w i t h c o m m u n i s t
p r i n c i p l e s o r s y m p a t h i e s . Oppos i t i o n s p o k e s m e n p o i n t e d out
that two other people, both
Socialists, were
arrested
on
M o n d a y n i g h t b u t were r e l e a s e d
soon afterwards.
L e g a l sources s a i d the f o u r
c o u l d be t r i e d for
offences
against t h e i n t e r n a l s e c u r i t y of
the state.
C o p i e s of a m a n i festo w h i c h was to have b e e n
presented on M o n d a y circulated
clandestinely
today.
Charges
c o u l d be b r o u g h t o n the basis
of a p a r a g r a p h i n the d o c u m e n t
w h i c h says t h a t t h e o r g a n i z a t i o n is " o p p o s e d " to t h e cont i n u a t i o n of t h e r e g i m e , w h i c h
is m a k i n g d e m o c r a t i c freedoms
for the p e o p l e i m p o s s i b l e .
nd
a
ci
The
separate
developments
u n d e r l i n e the g r o w i n g p o l i t i c a l
struggle i n S p a i n , w i t h
the
G o v e r n m e n t w a l k i n g a tightrope b e t w e e n t r y i n g to satisfy
the
Opposition's
growing
demand for speedy democratic
r e f o r m s a n d not t o antagonize
the r i g h t , w h i c h does not want
to c h a n g e the s y s t e m c r e a t e d
by G e n e r a l F r a n c o .
In
the c o u r t a c t i o n , S e ñ o r
Mariano
Sanchez
Covisa,
r e g a r d e d as t h e l e a d e r of the
extreme right-wing g ro u p called
W a r r i o r s of C h r i s t t h e K i n g ,
yesterday n a m e d S e ñ o r M a n u e l I
Fraga, the I n t e r i o r M i n i s t e r ,
S e ñ o r J o s é M a r i a A r e i l z a , the j
Foreign M i n i s t e r , and S e ñ o r i
Antonio G a r r i g u e s , the Justice}
Minister.
The
three
are!
" r e f o r m i s t " m e m b e r s of t h e '
Government a n d r e c e n t l y the'
butt of c r i t i c i s m b y r i g h t - w i n g !
groups.
H
Señor
Sanchez
based
his i
action o n t h e fact t h a t a n e w '
Bill before the C o r t e s , d r a w n ' ;
op b y t h e
three
ministers
j among others, to a l l o w g r e a t e r I
Spolitical
freedom
with
the
[legalization of " p o l i t i c a l asso- j
nations" (not p a r t i e s ) s p e c i f i cally e x c l u d e s a l l t o t a l i t a r i a n
[roups.
i He a r g u e d t h a t t h i s w o u l d
lean t h a t e v e n t h e N a t i o n a l
Hovement m i g h t be
banned
together
with
those
groups
thich are i n t e g r a t e d i n t o it.
Ceneral F r a n c o c r e a t e d
the
Hovement i n 1937, out of a l l I
ae o r g a n i z a t i o n s f i g h t i n g o n ¡
fe side i n the c i v i l w a r . A c c o r d - '
.fcg to t h e i r p r o g r a m m e , the I
iitate w o u l d be " a t o t a l i t a r i a n '
Instrument at the s e r v i c e of the
whole c o u n t r y " .
1
I n f o r m e d sources s a i d that
the arrests have l e d to a confrontation
between
Señor
Areilza and Señor Fraga, who
was said to have b e e n s e v e r e l y
criticized
by
the
Foreign
Minister
for
ordering
the
arrests, w h i c h w o u l d not be
I good for S p a i n ' s i m a g e a b r o a d
] at a t i m e w h e n i t was attempting to j o i n the E u r o p e a n C o m I munity.
]
I n an i n t e r v i e w p u b l i s h e d to' day, S e ñ o r F r a g a r e p e a t e d his
¡ w a r n i n g that c o m m u n i s t s w o u l d
not be t o l e r a t e d . H e a d d e d that
t h e r e w o u l d be no amnesty.
:
.0,0.0
:
EUROPE
Madrid/ends
chance w
of peaceful
change'
w e l c o m e of the r o y a l c o u p l e i n
the c i t y c e n t r e
Among
the
places
to
be
v i s i t e d by the K i n g is C a m p o c
de G i b r a l t a r , the zone across
the B a y of A l g e c i r a s f r o m Gibr a l t a r w h e r e o v e r the past few
years S p a i n has made
large
industrial investments.
The ' K i n g
will
also
visit
J e r e z de l a F r o n t e r a , the centre
of the s h e r r y d i s t r i c t and t h e
i n d u s t r i a l area near H u e l v a .
G o v e r n m e n t officials are part i c u l a r l y i n t e r e s t e d i n the K i n g ' s
r e c e p t i o n i n S e v i l l e , w h i c h is
rapidly
becoming
a
leading
i n d u s t r i a l centre.
Like
his
recent
tour
of
C a t a l o n i a , the K i n g ' s v i s i t to
A n d a l u s i a is e x p e c t e d to in- |
crease his p o p u l a r i t y at this r
d i f f i c u l t moment of t r a n s i t i o n . |
T h i s type of tour is not, how- f
ever,
without
its
dangers, |
e s p e c i a l l y i n v i e w of the K i n g ' s |
i n s i s t e n c e o n a m i n i m u m of
s e c u r i t y and o n l e t t i n g people
come close to h i m a n d the
Queen.
,
E a r l i e r today, before setting
out for S e v i l l e the r o y a l c o u p l e
bade f a r e w e l l to K i n g H u s a i n
and Q u e e n A l i a of J o r d a n , who
stayed
overnight
at
the | ;
Zarzuela Palace. K i n g H u s a i n
had his left h a n d i n a cast, „
r e p o r t e d l y as a r e s u l t of an te
i n j u r y w h i l e p r a c t i s i n g karate,
Court action
against V]
ministers in>
Spain
o
F r o m O u r Correspondent
One o f the leaders of Spain's
newly formed opposition allia n c e s a i d o n h i s release t o d a y
after a n i g h t o f p o l i c e i n t e r r o gation that the
Government
h a d w r e c k e d a l l c h a n c e s of a
transition
to
democracy
by
negotiation.
S e ñ o r R a u l M o r o d o was one
of t h e s i x l e a d e r s of t h e D e m o cratic A l l i a n c e arrested
last
n i g h t b y secret p o l i c e j u s t as
t h e y w e r e to g i v e a p r e s s conf e r e n c e s e t t i n g o u t t h e a i m s of
the
new
organization
now
Spain's
biggest
opposition
grouping.
He
said the
Government's
a c t i o n was a p o l i t i c a l b l u n d e r ,
w h i c h " h a d w r e c k e d t h e possibility of negotiations". B u t he
a d d e d t h a t the a l l i a n c e w o u l d
c o n t i n u e to c a m p a i g n f o r democracy whatever happened.
T h r e e left-wing l e a d e r j o f the
alliance,
including
Señor
M a r c e l i n o Camacho, leader of
the p o w e r f u l u n d e r g r o u n d t r a d e
union movement, were still h e l d
at M a d r i d p o l i c e h e a d q u a r t e r s
today.
T h e n e w g r o u p i n g u n i t e s the § | | § I |
Commuti¡st-formed
D e m o c r a t i c ?" , * c
Junta
and the
Platform of f,
l
iemocratic Convergence, link¥¿£S$m
"ng
Socialists and
Christian | É ¡ S K 1 *
Democrats.
!
T h e a i m s i t i n t e n d e d to an- C-j^SflS
no unce l a s t n i g h t i n c l u d e t h e E & a r a f g
r a p i d dismantling of the Franco P
**
regime
and
the
formation, *
•J w i t h m e m b e r s of the p r e s e n t
\ G o v e r n m e n t , o f a p r o v i s i o n a l k." "
'government
to
oversee
the p | l l ¡ ¡ | p
J t r a n s i t i o n to d e m o c r a c y .
?.• S p a n i s h n e w s p a p e r s a n d news- I » . y
agencies have b e e n w a r n e d b y (the G o v e r n m e n t not to p r i n t the ;
a l l i a n c e s m a n i f e s t o . P r e s s re- «>
ports have repeatedly referred \
,;i
to the o r g a n i z a t i o n as c o m m u n - <
w h e n i n fact
C h r i s t i a n L:
ist,
D e m o c r a t s a n d S o c i a l i s t s f o r m j}';
a l a r g e p a r t of the g r o u p i n g .
| . ±¡¿
AN
SI
I
o
—
The
r e p o r t s are s e e n as a n f
a t t e m p t to d i s c r e d i t t h e j o i n t ' '
front, a n d alienate it f r o m pub- '
lie o p i n i o n .
L t„ , .
Meanwhile,
a
worker
was
shot d e a d at a f a c t o r y near S a n ' ; .
S e b a s t i a n today. E T A , the e x - p ¡ M 3 p É
t r e m e B a s q u e separatist g r o u p , : " ' • . . .
is suspected.
t'.f^-~.
Ripe
for
d e m o c r a c y : Señorf."*'
José
Vidal
B e n e y t o , of the
' 3
Democratic
Junta,
told
the'
R o y a l I n s t i t u t e of I n t e r n a t i o n a l [
A f f a i r s i n L o n d o n t h a t S p a i n •/*.;
was r i p e f o r d e m o c r a c y . H e i s
the r e p r e s e n t a t i v e o f the S o c i a l . ;
ist C o n f e d e r a t i o n i n the P a r i s based c o m m i t t e e of the J u n t a , i'%
\-fjrf
TR
^
S e v i l l e , M a r c h 29
K i n g J u a n C a r l o s a r r i v e d today i n S e v i l l e w h e r e i n an antiG o v e r n m e n t d e m o n s t r a t i o n yesterday dozens of p e o p l e w e r e
said to have been i n j u r e d .
The K i n g a n d Queen S o p h i a
began a w e e k - l o n g tour of A n d a l u s i a . T h e p r o g r a m m e of t h e i r
v i s i t was a l t e r e d to r e d u c e the
K i n g ' s e x p o s u r e to the p u b l i c
a p p a r e n t l y f o r s e c u r i t y reasons.
A c c o r d i n g to t h e
newspaper
Hoja
del
Lunes,
about
500
p e o p l e took, part i n the demonstration s h o u t i n g for amnesty
for p o l i t i c a l p r i s o n e r s and the
r e c o g n i t i o n of h u m a n r i g h t s .
o.
WEST
i1976
o
pa
ño
la
O
Es
O
N
O
C
IÓ
O
Fu
O
1
;
Señor
Beneyto
said
the
.
S p a n i s h G o v e r n m e n t was man- í,
o e u v r i n g to present a demo- i
c r a t i c f a c a d e b u t the K i n g h a d T- : ? . V r
not g r a s p e d the o p p o r t u n i t y to
develop real democracy.
S p a i n was n o w a d e v e l o p i n g
i n d u s t r i a l c o u n t r y w i t h a manag e r i a l class c o n v i n c e d t h a t f u l l
i n t e g r a t i o n i n t o the E E C was a
p r e c o n d i t i o n of e c o n o m i c development.
j
:
!
;
:1
SÍ!
[King hears of Andalusia water sh_>ptegç
Frc-rn H a r r y D e b e l i u s
/.s.
S e v i l l e , M a r c h 30
K i n g J u a n C a r l o s accepted
the a d u l a t i o n of thousands who
j a m m e d the m a i n square of
C a r m o n a , near S e v i l l e , today.
T h e K i n g and Queen S o p h i a
had e a r l i e r v i s i t e d a n e w housing
estate
in
Seville
then
d r i v e n to C a r m o n a , a h i l l - t o p
town about 25 m i l e s to the east.
In C a r m o n a , on the second
d a y of his w e e k - l o n g tour o f
western A n d a l u s i a , the
King
l i s t e n e d to l o c a l a u t h o r i t i e s who
t o l d h i m about the need f o r
i r r i g a t i o n of the s u r r o u n d i n g
f a r m l a n d . T h e G o v e r n m e n t has d e m o n s t r a t i o n s for
frightening
offered to share the cost of
the tourists away.
i r r i g a t i o n with the l a n d o w n e r s .
S e n o r Ignacio A g i r r e ,
the
C a r m o n a ' s open w e l c o m e of n e w l y a p p o i n t e d U n d e r - S e c r e the r o y a l c o u p l e today was t a r y f o r T o u r i s m , who attended
e s p e c i a l l y s i g n i f i c a n t as less today's
inauguration,
has
than two years ago the G u a r d i a
a l r e a d y halted plans f o r a n u m C i v i l had shot dead one person ber of other n e w i n n s i n o r d e r
i n riots oyer the water shortage. to cut the losses caused by the
T h e K i n g and Q u e e n inaugu- d r o p i n t o u r i s m .
rated a government-run i n n . It
T h e K i n g a n d Queen were t.
was opened at a m o m e n t when
cheered w h e r e v e r they went i n
concern is g r o w i n g over the
this l a r g e l y a g r i c u l t u r a l r e g i o n
i n c r e a s i n g n u m b e r s of cancellaof A n d a l u s i a . T h e r e was a d stions by f o r e i g n t r a v e l agencies.
t i n c t atmosphere of a fiesta i n M i
H o t e l owners and others i n the
the v i l l a g e s , w i t h m a n y c h i l d r e n /
c a t e r i n g business are b l a m i n g
i n the audiences as schools]
press reports of strikes and
were closed f o r the day.
J
:
pa
ño
la
if;
Spanish court indicts Rift reported in Spanish Cabinet
Our opposition
leaders forsubversion
Fu
nd
a
ci
r e p r e s e n t i n g i l l e g a l opposition
p a r t i e s h a d requested- permission to h o l d a p e a c e f u l demons t r a t i o n i n the centre of M a d r i d
n e x t S u n d a y . T h e i r p e t i t i o n was
c o n s i d e r e d g e n e r a l l y to be a
test o f the G o v e r n m e n t ' s many
p r o m i s e s - to a l l o w non-violent
political- activity.
...
• .
S o o n after i t was submitted
Comrepresentatives
of the
batants' F e d e r a t i o n , the organi z a t i o n of C i v i l W a r veterans'
w h o fought on G e n e r a l F r a n c o ' s
side, a s k e d f o r p e r m i s s i o n to
h o l d a d e m o n s t r a t i o n o n the
s a m e day at the same p l a c e and
at a l m o s t the same t i m e . T o d a y
i t was a n n o u n c e d that both
requests h a d b e e n t u r n e d d o w n .
Telephone employees walked
out i n the m a i n c i t i e s today;
I n B a r c e l o n a the p o l i c e took at
least 10 i n t o custody.
T h o u s a n d s of telephone employees then m a r c h e d t h r o u g h
a m a i n street to the p o l i c e stat i o n d e m a n d i n g the release of
t h e i r f e l l o w s t r i k e r s . T h e 10
w e r e set free almost i m m e d i ately w i t h o u t f u r t h e r i n c i d e n t .
C
IÓ
N
Es
J o s é S o f o R u i z , the L a b o u r
M i n i s t e r , is b e l i e v e d to be at
loggerheads w i t h S e ñ o r R o d o l f o
M a r t i n V i l l a , M i n i s t e r f o r the
state-run traide unions, about
the u n i o n s ' future.
T h e ¿ a t e s t d i v i s i o n c a m e at a
t i m e w h e n the f i r s t p o s t - F r a n c o
G o v e r n m e n t was a l r e a d y u n d e r
f i r e f r o m b o t h r i g h t a n d left
a n d i n w h a t s e e m e d to be
danger of b e i n g d i s s o l v e d .
It
has a l i e n a t e d the right because
of p r o m i s e s of l i b e r a l i z a t i o n ,
and
the
left
because,
the
promises h a v e n o t been c a r r i e d
out.
' y
T h e dispute between S e ñ o r
Solis, w h o s e r v e d w i t h S e ñ o r
Fraga under General Franco i n
the 1960s a n d r e t u r n e d to the
C a b i n e t w i t h h i m after
the
general's
death,
and
Señor
Martin
Villa
arose
because
S e ñ o r M a r t i n V i l l a s a i d the
G o v e r n m e n t - r u n unions w o u l d
have to d i s a p p e a r e v e n t u a l l y .
S e ñ o r Solis, an o l d F a l a n g i s t , is
thought to be opposed to s u c h
a r a d i c a l change.
M o r e t h a n 300 p e t i t i o n e r s
AN
SI
ón
;
Communist and pro-Communist
groups.
It stated t h a t one of the
reasons f o r the arrests was that
the o p p o s i t i o n leaders h a d not
asked p o l i c e p e r m i s s i o n to h o l d
the news conference at w h i c h
t h e y i n t e n d e d to a n n o u n c e the
f o r m a t i o n of what the
note
c a l l e d the n e w i l l e g a l organization.
A f t e r the h e a r i n g before a
p u b l i c o r d e r c o u r t t o d a y the
arrested
leaders
were
taken
from
police headquarters in
M a d r i d , Where m o s t of t h e m
h a v e been since M o n d a y , to
C a r a b a n c h e l p r i s o n . T h e magistrate refused b a i l .
O p p o s i t i o n leaders w h o also
s i g n e d the d o c u m e n t but have
not b e e n c h a r g e d were a m o n g
the s i g n a t o r i e s of a p e t i t i o n
p r e s e n t e d at the I n t e r i o r M i n i s t r y this m o r n i n g c a l l i n g for the
release of those a r r e s t e d .
The petition included
the
names of S e ñ o r R a u l M o r o d o
and S e ñ o r Javier Solana Madar i a g a , also h e l d o n M o n d a y
n i g h t but r e l e a s e d after interrogation, and S e ñ o r
Joaquín
Ruiz Giménez, a former Franco
m i n i s t e r a n d n o w the
most
prominent Christian Democratic I
leader.
P r o s p e c t s of the e a r l y release
of a S a n S e b a s t i á n i n d u s t r i a l i s t , |
k i d n a p p e d two weeks ago by
the o u t l a w e d Basque separatist
organization E T A , were dam-:
aged
today
by a n
Interior.'
M i n i s t r y order forbidding all
negotiations w i t h k i d n a p p e r s . I t ,
is b e l i e v e d that the f a m i l y o f !
the m i s s i n g m a n , S e ñ o r A n g e l
B e r a z a d i , h a d b e e n close to
agreement
with
the
ETA,
t h r o u g h secret contacts, for his
release o n p a y m e n t of a large
ransom.
__ ¡
In San S e b a s t i á n , authorities I
banned
a
university
roundtable d i s c u s s i o n o n the future
of the B a s q u e c o u n t r y , pro- ;
h i b i t e d a l u n c h i n h o n o u r of a-l o c a l poet, a n d s e i z e d . copies j
of
a n o v e l i n the
Basque
language.
t
TR
F r o m O u r C o r r e s p o n d e n t ZQ
Madrid; April 1
tV
A p o l i t i c a l c o u r t today i n d i e t e d f o u r o p p o s i t i o n leaders
on charges, of u n d e r m i n i n g the
s e c u r i t y of the state by s i g n i n g
an a g r e e m e n t u n i t i n g S p a i n ' s
two most p o w e r f u l o p p o s i t i o n
groups.
T h e m e n are S e ñ o r M a r c e lino
C a m a c h o , S p a i n ' s ' bestknown
l a b o u r leader
and a
prominent
member
of
the
Communist-influenced Workers'
Commissions; Señor
Antonio
Garcia-Trevijano, a well-known
l a w y e r ; S e ñ o r Nazario José
Aguado
Águila,
andSeñor
Francisco Javier A l v a r e z Dorr o n s o r o . both a l l e g e d to
be
c o m m u n i s t s . T h e y face p r i s o n
sentences of u p to 2Í0 y e a r s .
They
were
arrested
with
s e v e r a l other leaders of the n e w
grouping on M o n d a y night just
as they w e r e to give a press
conference
setting
o u t i the
alliance's manifesto.
M o s t of
the
o t h e r s -held have
been
freed.
. ,
O t h e r s w h o s i g n e d the document, w h i c h u n i t e d the C o m munist-founded
Democratic
[unta
and
the
socialistoriented
P l a t f o r m of
Democratic
Convergence, included
r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s of a n u m b e r of
o c i a l i s t a n d . C h r i s t i a n demoi c r a t i c parties.
T h e f o r m a t i o n of the a l l i a n c e ,
i the D e m o c r a t i c C o o r d i n a t i o n ,
i m p l i e s the greatest p o l i t i c a l
t h r e a t so far to K i n g J u a n
'. C a r l o s ' s G o v e r n m e n t . It unites
5 n e a r l y a l l the o p p o s i t i o n g r o u p s
i in a common platform, calling
for a b r e a k w i t h the i n s t i t u tions of the F r a n c o r e g i m e a n d
a speedy t r a n s i t i o n to democracy
under
a
provisional
government. '
The
Government
warned
n e w s p a p e r e d i t o r s e a r l i e r this
week not to c a r r y i n f o r m a t i o n
r.bout the new a l l i a n c e a n d its
a i m s . P o l i c e f o l l o w e d that up
t o d a y with a n o f f i c i a l
note
a l l e g i n g that both the J u n t a and
the P l a t f o r m are d o m i n a t e d by
Madrid, April 2
R e p o r t s of a n e w r i f t i n K i n g
M Juan Carlos's Cabinet circulated
h e r e today a n d p o l i t i c a l tension h e i g h t e n e d after the p o l i c e
t o l d organizers
of left
and
right-wing demonstrations that
n e i t h e r d e m o n s t r a t i o n would' be
tolerated.
T h e r e were also u n c o n f i r m e d
j repOnts i n the c a p i t a l t o d a y t h a t
Señor M a n u e l Fraga Iribarne,
1 the
tough
and
ambitious
j I n t e r i o r M i n i s t e r , who is overi shadowing
completely
Señor
f Carlos Arias Navarro, die P r i m e
! M i n i s t e r , has r e c e i v e d a s e c r e t
i w a r n i n g of a suspected c o n : spiracy,
involving
some
s generals, to take c o n t r o l o f the
I country.
T h e names of the •
' generals were not k n o w n ,
j
S e r i o u s differences
between
i S e ñ o r F r a g a , the s t r o n g m a n of
Señor
] the
Government,
and
José Maria
de A r e i l z a ,
the
' liberal Foreign Minister, were
already c o m m o n knowledge i n
I political circles here.
It was
" also l e a r n t today that S e ñ o r

March 1976 - Fundación Transición Española

Transcripción

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