DESARROLLO DEL CORAZÓN - Departamento de Histología y

Transcripción

15/12/2010
DESARROLLO DEL CORAZÓN
I. Reseña de la anatomía del desarrollo cardíaco
II. Aspectos celulares y moleculares a destacar en el
desarrollo cardíaco
Gabriel Anesetti
Prof. Adj. del Departamento de Histología y Embriología
2010
1
Desarrollo del corazón
Características anatómicas y funcionales a tener en cuenta
2
1
15/12/2010
3
Islotes angiogénicos
(Wolff y Pander)
4
2
15/12/2010
Mesodermo cardiogénico
Inducción del mesodermo cardiogénico
5
Plegamiento del embrión y
sus consecuencias sobre el
6
3
15/12/2010
Plegamiento del embrión y sus
consecuencias sobre el desarrollo cardíaco
7
Estructura del tubo cardíaco:
Endocardio
Epimiocardio
Gelatina cardíaca
8
4
15/12/2010
Sistema vascular primitivo
9
Modificaciones en la morfología externa del tubo cardíaco
10
5
15/12/2010
Variaciones en la morfología externa del tubo cardíaco
11
Tabicación aurículoaurículo-ventricular
12
6
15/12/2010
Defectos en la tabicación aurículoaurículo-ventricular
13
Remodelación sino
sino--auricular
14
7
15/12/2010
Tabicación auricular
Septum primum
Ostium primum
Foramen oval
Ostium secundum
Septum secundum
15
Defectos de la tabicación auricular
16
8
15/12/2010
Incorporación del seno venoso en la
pared de la aurícula derecha
17
Incorporación de la vena pulmonar
en la pared de la aurícula izquierda
18
9
15/12/2010
Tabicación ventricular
Tabique muscular
Tabique membranoso
19
Remodelación ventricular
20
10
15/12/2010
Defectos de la tabicación ventricular
21
Tabicación del tronco arterioso
22
11
15/12/2010
Tabicación del tronco arterioso
23
Alteraciones en la tabicación del
tronco arterioso
24
12
15/12/2010
Tabicación del tronco arterioso y
formación de las válvulas
25
Alteraciones en la tabicación del tronco
arterioso y formación de las válvulas
26
13
15/12/2010
Circulación fetal
27
DESARROLLO DEL CORAZÓN
I. Reseña de la anatomía del desarrollo cardíaco
II. Aspectos celulares y moleculares a destacar en el
Departamento de Histología y Embriología - 2010
28
14
15/12/2010
Exp. Biol. Med., Vol. 232,
No. 7, 852-865 (2007)
Figure 1. (A) Cardiogenesis during chicken gastrulation. St. refers to Hamburger and Hamilton stages. Stage 3: Cardiac
progenitor cells caudal to Hensen’s node are in the same anteroposterior order as their eventual positions in the tubular
heart. Stage 5: Cardiac progenitor cells in the bilateral HFRs in the lateral plate mesoderm. Stage 7: HFR cells migrate to
form the cardiac crescent. In addition, the secondary heart field forms. Stage 12: Tubular heart with distinguishable
chamber primordia including the conus, primitive right ventricle (Rt. vent.) and left ventricle (Lt. vent.), and sinus venosus
(SV). Modified from Brand (2). (B) Cross-section of stage 8 chicken embryo depicting the ectodermal and endodermal
layers that surround the somatic and splanchnic mesoderm. (C) Signaling pathways between germ cell layers that act to
induce cardiogenic mesoderm. Positive acting signals in the endoderm and the mesoderm signal splanchnic mesodermal
cells to become cardiogenic. Inhibitory signals from the ectoderm, Hensen’s node, the notochord, and from within the
29
mesoderm inhibit cardiogenesis. Modified from Brand (Ref. 2; used with permission of Elsevier).
Figure 5. (A) Heart tube looping and the L/R embryonic axis. Chamber
precursors aligned in the anteroposterior orientation in the linear heart
tube are brought into the appropriate left-right juxtaposition for septation
and establishment of the left and right ventricular chambers by looping of
the heart tube. (B) Network of interacting signal transduction pathways
that institute a left-right asymmetry within the chick embryo. Left/right
asymmetry is initiated by asymmetric expression of activinβB (AβB)
within Hensen’s node. AβB inhibits Shh expression in the right portion of
the node, allowing its expression in the left portion, where it diffuses into
the adjacent LPM and induces Nodal expression either directly or via
caronte, an antagonist of BMP action. Certain BMPs, such as BMP-2
and BMP-4, and Vg1 maintain Nodal expression in the LPM as its
expression domain expands with time. ActivinβB also acts to prevent
establishment of a leftward identity in the right LPM by imposing a
"Nodal-free zone" by increasing BMP-4 and FGF8 signaling to inhibit
Shh and activate cSnR.
Exp. Biol. Med. ]], Vol. 232, No. 7, 852-865 (2007)
30
15
15/12/2010
31
32
16
15/12/2010
Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine
Volume 19, Issue 4, May 2009, Pages 130-135
Figure 2. Cardiac progenitor cells and the ToF
syndrome. The diagram illustrates the four
classic features that characterize ToF
compared with the normal adult heart.
Regions derived from the primitive heart
tubes (yellow) and from the secondary heart
field (green) are highlighted. The diagram
shows how the malformations seen in ToF
may be due to an altered migration and
differentiation of cardiac progenitor cells
originating from the recently discovered
secondary heart field.
33
PROEPICARDIAL
DEVELOPMENT
34
17
15/12/2010
The
epicardium
is
embryologically formed by the
outgrowth of proepicardial cells
over the naked heart tube.
Following
epithelialmesenchymal
transformation,
EPDCs form the subepicardial
mesenchyme and subsequently
migrate into the myocardium,
and differentiate into smooth
muscle cells and fibroblasts.
They contribute to the media
of the coronary arteries, to the
atrioventricular valves, and
the fibrous heart skeleton.
Furthermore,
they
are
important for the myocardial
architecture of the ventricular
walls and for the induction of
Purkinje fiber formation.
Special Issue: Cardiac Development
TheScientificWorldJOURNAL (2007) 7, 1777–1798
35
36
18
15/12/2010
37
Bibliografía básica
Anatomía del desarrollo
Embriología clínica. Moore, Persaud. Elsevier; 8ª Edición (2009)
Embriología Médica de Langman: Con Orientación Clínica. Sadler. Editorial Medica Panamericana
(2004)
Anatomía del desarrollo y más
Cardiac Development and Implications for Heart Disease. Epstein JA., N Engl J Med 2010;363:163847.
How to Make a Heart: The Origin and Regulation of Cardiac Progenitor Cells. Vincent SD and
Buckingham ME . Current Topics in Developmental Biology, Volume 90 , Chapter 1, pp 1-41
Cardiovascular Embryology. Abdulla, R, Blew, GA, Holterman MJ. (2004) Pediatr Cardiol 25:191–200
38
19
15/12/2010
Bibliografía adicional
Origin, Fate, and Function of Epicardium-Derived Cells (EPDCs) in Normal and Abnormal Cardiac
Development. Lie-Venema et al. TheScientificWorldJOURNAL (2007) 7, 1777–1798
Cardiovascular Development and the Colonizing Cardiac Neural Crest Lineage. Snider et al.
TheScientificWorldJOURNAL (2007) 7, 1090–1113
Tetralogy of Fallot as a Model to Study Cardiac Progenitor Cell Migration and Differentiation During
Heart Development. Di Felice and Zummo. Trends Cardiovasc
Med (2009)19:130–135
Signal Transduction in Early Heart Development (I): Cardiogenic Induction and Heart Tube
Formation. Wagner and Siddiqui. Exp Biol Med (2007) 232:852–865
Second lineage of heart forming region provides new understanding of conotruncal heart defects.
Nakajima Congenital Anomalies (2010) 50, 8–14
39
20

DESARROLLO DEL CORAZÓN - Departamento de Histología y

Transcripción

Documentos relacionados

Global warming threaten biodiversity in Canary Islands

Informazione sul corso

ishr program pdf - ISHR World Congress

Heart rate monitor upgrade for