July 1918
Transcripción
July 1918
I nts Per Copy JULY, 1918 Per Year $1.50 THE BIRTH CONTROL DEDICATED TO THE CAUSE OF VOLUNTARY MOTHERHOOD REGENERATION THROUGH SEX & MAUDE DURAND EDGREN THE BIRTH CONTROL REVIEW 104 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY LITERARY EDITORS XABGARm SANGEB LILY WINNER WALTEB ROBEBTS LOLA RIDGE JESSIE ASHLEY MAUDE WGBW ART EDITORS COBNELIA BABNS GERTRUDE BOYLE LOU ROGEBS Vol I1 No 6 Published monthly Subscnptlon pnce $150 a year, foreign countries and Canada $1 75, postpaid Bundle rates ten coplea for a dollar, $9 60 per hundred Owned snd Publlahed by THE NEW YOBK WOMEN S PUBLISHING CO Inc 104 Fifth A v a m New YorL N Y Entered at the Poet OBLce at New York N Y am mad nutkr of the -nd okas eorrea~ondenceand make cheeb and money orden payable to MARGARET SANGEB NOTICE When maueetms cham of ad&. always =we the old adu well Add- BIRTH CONTROL ORGANIZATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES The Federation of N m Malthusian Leagues Dr Ahce Drysdale V~ckery,Preardeut CONSTITUENT BODIES E NGLAND (1877) -The Malthusian League Secretary, Dr Blnnle Dunlop, Queen Anne's Chambers, Westmmster. London, S W Penodlcal, The Malthunan HUND (1885) -De Nleuw-Malthuslaausche Bond S I retary Dr J Rntgers, 9 Verhulststraat, Den Haag Pertodlcal Het Gellukkrg Huugesrn GERMANY (1889) -Sozlal Harmonrxhe Verun Secretary, Herr M Hausmelster, Stnttgart Perlodlcat, Dce Somule Harmow F R A N (1895) ~ -G Hardy, 29 Rue Puerecourt, Pans Perlodkcal GPnPrafron Conscrente S PAIN (1904) -L~ga Espanola de Regeneracloo humana Secretary Senor LUIS Bulffi, Calle Provenza 177, Pral la, Barcelona Perlodlcal, Salu y Fuersa BELGIUM(1906) -Llgue Neo Malthuslenne Secretarv, Dr Fernand Mascaux, Echevln, Courcelles Swrn-D (1908) -Groupe Malthuslen Secretary, Valentln Grandlean, 106 Rue des Eaux-Vlves, Geneva Perlodeal, La Vre Intrme BOHKMIA-Aus.ma(1901) -Secretary, Mlchael Kacha, 1164 Zlzhov Prague Zadruhy PORTUGAL-E Sllva, Junlor, L da Memorla, 46 r/e, Llsbon Perlodrcal, Pa8 e Lrberdade B ~ z n(1905) -Secclon brasllena de propaganda Secretarres, Manuel Moscosa, Rua dBento Plres 29 San Pablo, Antonlo Domlnlguez, Rna Vlzcande de Moranguapez 25, Rlo de Janerro Cusa (1907) -Sewon de propaganda Secretary lose Guardlola, Empedrado 14, Havana SWEDEN (1911) -Sallskapet for Humanltar Barnalstrlng Presldent Mr Hlnke Bergegren, Vanadwagen 15 Stockholm Va I T A L Y (1913) -Lega Neomalthus~ana Itallana Secretary D r Lnlgl Berta, Vla Lamarmora 22, Turm Penodlcal, L'Educamone Sessuale A m u - L ~ g u e Neo-Malthuslenne, Maxson du Peuple 10 Rampe Magenta, AIger BIRTH CONTROL CENTERS IN THE UNITED STATES A NN ARBOR MKH -Mrs L A Rhoades, 1318 Forest Court BANGOB, ME-Dr P E Lnce, 40 Central Street BOSTONMass-The Bwth Control League of M ~ ~ a c h u s e t t s P 0 Box 1358 Mrs Oakes Ames, preadent CAMDEN, N J -Dr L A Young 522 Spruce St CHICAGO, Iu-The C~tuens' Commrttee on Famrly Lmmrlatron Secretary Mrs B E Page, 521 Longwood Ave, Gleocoe, Ill CLEVELANQ, OHIO-The Bwth Control League of Ohro Presldent, Alfred F Bosch, 1611 E 73rd S t , Cleveland Co~uxnus, OHIO-The Brrth Control League of Columhs Arthur Gluck 2054 Tuller Street, presldent ELIZABETH CITY, N C-MI and Mrs W 0 Saunders. H m ~ s n u a c P A -George A Hernng, 2436 Reel Street Los ANGELIS C&-Dr T Percwal Gersoo M1NNEAmLIs MINN-The Mrnneafiolw Brrlh Control League Mrs Helen C Thomsen, 1208 V~ncentAvenue, N , secretary NEW ORLEANS,LA-H G Shockley, 428 Delaronde Street NEW YORK The Commrttee of One Thousand D r Ira S Wrle WO West 97th Street, charrman The Natronal Brrth Control League 200 Flfth Avenue Mrs Vlrgtnra Heldelberg The Woman's Commrttee of One Hundred Mrs Amos Pmchot, chairman, 9 East 81st Street PATEXSON, N J-Wdham D Walker, 1139 Madcsou Avenue PITTSBUBGH, PA-The Brrrh Control League of Western Pennryluanro Mrs Clarence Reushaw, 117 Lluden Ave , Edgewood, secretary PoRnAND ORE-The Bwth Control League of Portland H C Dekker 652 Elhott Avenue, presldent Mrs J R Oatman, 549 F ~ f t hStreet, secretary ROCHESTEPN YA I Howser, 227 Parsells Avenue ST IS Mo-Clara Taylor 5063 Page Boulevard S T P AUL MINN-The Mrnnesota State Brrth Control League Secretary, Mrs Grace M Keller 230 Vernon Ave, St Paul SAN FRaNasco CAL-The Bwth Control League of San Francuco, 239 Geary Street Margaret McGovero, presldent SEATTLEWasa- The Seattle Brrth Control League Mlnnle Parkhurst, 516 Thrrd Ave , West Seattle, Wash secretary S UMMIT N J -Rev Franklln C Doan W ASHINGTON D C-The Brrth Control League of the DUmct of Cokmbra Mrs Anna Wexler 1926 New H a m p shtre Ave presldent BOOKS TO B E HAD AT THIS OFFICE Populat~onand B ~ r t hControl A Sympos~um UncontroIled Breedmg, by Adelyne More Small or Large Famlliea B.Y Drysdale and Havelock Ellis Marrled Love, by C Stopes What Every Girl Should Know By Margaret Sanger paper 2 k , cloth What Every Mother Should Know paper 25c, cloth By Margaret Sanger Llmltatlon of Offsprmg, by Dr Wm J Roblnson The Smell Famlly System, by Dr C V Drysdale The Obleets of Marriage, by Havelock Ellls B ~ r t hControl m ~ t Medlcal, s Soelal, Eeonomre and Moral Aspects, by Dr S Adolphus Knopf Jaded for Bmth Control, by James Waldo Fawcett ~ The above prlees do not include postage REGENERATION THROUGH SEX By Maude Durand Edgren T H E PICTURE EVERY WOMAN should hold up as her deal 1s a Goddess rad~antw t h hfe and love, wearing the sun for a crown and usmg the moon for a pedestal, at the same hme holdmg aloft, for the benefit of the whole s~sterhood of womankmd, the serpent-twmed staff of Mercury The moon IS the symbol of concephon, the sun IS the symbol of the h~ghest~llummat~on, and the serpent 1s the same old tempter that crept ~ n t oEden The best and surest contracephves, phys~callycons~dered, would be about as useful to the truly dlummed woman as water wmgs or a 11fe preserver would be to Annette Kellennan-mere useless encumbrances But for the woman just learnmg to swlm the wmgs m~ghtprove a great comfort m secunng confidence and self-control ~n the water Fear IS woman's greatest enemy Constant fear and dread of pregnancy, to say noth~ngof lts effect on the offspring, is enough to deaden any mcentwes toward progress Progress, too, requlres mtelhgent effort, and mtelhgent effort requlres sex force The very same force that goes out to budd bohes for offspnng has to be red~rected and used for md~v~dual uphft To those So-called ~llummed ones who hold back thelr skrrts and look askance at anythmg that m~ghtIncrease self-mdulgence for sense grat~ficatton,we m~ghtsay that them fear of ev~loutwe~ghs t h e ~ rf a ~ t h~n good We beheve that w ~ t hhalf a chance and just a l~ttlehelp ~n the nght d~rect~on every woman, a t least every normal woman, would strwe to attam self control If left to her own cho~ce, she ~nvar~ably would choose the h~gherpath And t h ~ spath does not lead to cehbacy Such a hfe means overcommg by annulmg a great part of one's nature and ~t seldom results In ~llumnat~onI t has been tried out by the monks and the nuns The truly ~llumnedamong them have been few and far between, on the other hand, the d ~ r eoutcome of then practices has produced some of that ever ex~stedon t h ~ splanet the worst l~cent~ousness w HAT IS THERE between the deep sea of cehbacy and the dev~lof sex gluttony 7 Let us look about us at the natural trend of human progress In splte of all Protests to the contrary, fewer and fewer ch~ldrenare born to the more mtelhgent parents In fact, famhes seem to decrewe In slze as dlummat~onIncreases T h ~ 1s s so evident that ~t looks almost ltke a natural law It appl~esto the anma1 kmgdom, as well as to man The lower types of a n n a l s are far more prol~fic than the hrgher T h ~ seems s to be a natural law of progress, and we are just~fied In assumlng that, smce ~llummat~on reduces the number of offspring, ~t must be counted as a mam factor ~n the development of the human race The ~llustrat~onon t h ~ s page shows that our Goddess holds aloft two entwmed serpents We mrght quote the B~bleabout "ra~smgthe serpent," but w~llrefram, as we are glven so many strange mterpretat~ons of that book nowadays Instead, we w~ll look m the book of nature Look at the lotus, or waterhly Its roots are ~n the mud at the bottom of the pond, ~ t s stem rlses up through the water ever toward the lrght At last the leaves and blossoms spread out ~n the alr above the water and bathe m the heavenly sunl~ght What IS the Illy blossom but the sex organ of the plant ? The lotus has long been a symbol of ~llummat~onThe earth wherem ~t has ~ t sroots 1s the p h ~ s ~ c abody, l the water through wh~chthe stem rlses IS the sea of human deslre, the arr 1s the realm of pure thought, and the sunhght 1s dmne s p ~ r ~Ilt was the sunhght, remember, that ~nduced the lotus stem to grow upward It 1s the dwme sparh in each human soul t h ~ makes t that soul strtve upward for the hght It IS confidence m the latent dlztmtv of eaclr h~onan berng on the face of the earth that just~fiesthe advocacy of bmth control 0 W E SAY T O WOMEN, hft up thrs wonderful productwe power w~thmyou, glor~fy,sanct~f)~t Let your asplratlon carry ~t stratght to your God as the most sacred S The Btrth Control Revsew offermg you can make Let ~t be hke the sacred 011that kept POEMS OF A PARIS COCOTTE ahve the fire in the ever-burnmg lamps By "Margot" I t goes w~thoutsaylng that mdulgence for mere phys~cal Laterally rendered tnto Engksh prose by gratlficat~onbecomes sacr~lege T h ~ force s becomes a healWalter Adolphe Roberts lng, a regenerating blessmg only to be used as such The SADNESS OF PAST DAYS sages of old comprehended the beauty of sex The urn, symbol of the female sex organ, has been venerated for I ages I t was used to contam the preclous ointments The H , F R I E N D ! for almost four years now we have folurn 1s the receptacle of all that IS beaut~fuland holy I t lowed recklessly together the ways of I ~ f e We have symbol~zesthe mother of the race, the &vme mother been md~fferentto wealth Yet, strong in our mutual love, Through woman IS the race regenerated, through her we have been able to seek In drunken orgles what the world growlng abdtty to make concrete her spirttual aspwahbns m ~ g h tcall our fortunes 1 Heretofore, she has taken man as he IS, th~nlung~t her duty I1 to submt to h ~ des~res, s w h ~ l edesp~smgthem often, and so Famme and poverty have been our lot When the wmter havoc re~gned wmds have been mest, we have faced them all too s~mply When she can be made to real~zethe beauty-and to l ~ v e dressed The cry of our two souls has been one cry The up to ~t-f makmg the sex relat~onspmtually d ~ f f u s ~ vand e struggle has been b~tter,but In the end fate has tr~umphed not merely phys~callygrat~fymg,then she is on the way to I11 become the true redeemer of the race Not by a n n ~ h ~ l a t ~ o n Common our suffermgl Long our hours of abandon! of the sex funct~onor sex mtercourse, but by splntualm Hostlle Prov~dencehas become, for us, a hurr~caneStunned Ing lt and ~nstmct~ve, our unappeased hearts In the s a n e breath Yes, she must hft man to her level and not stoop to h ~ s demand vengeance and unplore forgetfulness She should show hlm the falseness and narrowness of lookmg at only the phys~cal She must, to be a l~ght,learn the IV h ~ g h e rlaws--how the act of creat~onmay be turned to O b l ~ v ~ owill n submerge our ex~stenceIn ~ t vast s blackh ~ g h e rplanes than the phys~cal Thus wdl both he and she ness But t h ~ s at , least, wdl end our outrageous memortes be recreated mto the super-men and women of the future H u m h a t ~ o n sand g r ~ e f shave taught us to hate, yet scorn, When a woman 1s free from the fear of pregnancy, ~f our hard destmy she knows absolutely that she can create when and only when she desxes, then she can look to the h ~ g h e raspects, TO THE FRIEND OF MY HEART the regeneratwe aspects of the sex relat~on She may have H Y M O U T H once held the secret of mtoxicatlng tento go through several hells to find the truth, but she w ~ lcome l dernesses, wh~chexalted thee up reborn t o her newer, fuller and freer hfe Yet, ~t has been thy body's destmy to qulver under the 4 s regards your duty to the commg race, you and you yoke of any gallant's caresses alone must dec~deon how many ch~ldrenyou want and how Now, In thy sad abandon, thou hast learned to strangle many you can prov~defor and brmg up as you want your thy heartch~ldrento be brought up The lncommg egos must walt Ay, even to prefer the h a b ~of t acceptmg love for a n ~ g h t , They wtll go forward faster for the w a ~ t m g They w ~ l l a day 1 have b~ggeropportun~tlesIn smaller fam~liesand so wdl benefit In the end HAVELOCK ELLIS Remember, woman IS the symbol of the eternal mother, T o women he owes the best t h ~ 1s t In h ~ mand to them she 1s not merely the mother of ch~ldren,but the mother of he has p a ~ dback h ~ debt HIS understandmg of the pnmls man, her mate The real~zat~on of the truth and beauty of tlve and complex In them natures 1s a l~ttlebew~ldermgeven t h ~ sfact rases the mated palr to a c o n d ~ t ~ omore n than to those of us who thmk we know ourselves T h e parasite, human the doll, the rebel, the angel, the ~ d ~ oand t , the over-woman must all acknowledge that t h ~ sman has somehow surprmd A report publ~shedthe other day by the French Academy many secrets whrch women themselves, as yet, scarcely of Med~cmeIS s~gn~ficant A commlsslon, composed of reallze It IS as ~f he has been eavesdroppmg at the threshemment sc~ent~fic men, had been appomted by the academy old of thelr souls and envylng them t h e ~ rrole In the races revelat~onof for the purpose of rnakmg a detaded mqulry mto the declm- work of the world HIS mother was h ~ first mg b ~ r t hrate The commlsslon exammed Into every one of the sweetness and strength of woman h o one can, of the causes supposedly respons~ble,but only exammed the course, as yet declare who wdl be the last to mtens~fyh ~ s s on the per~odprevlous to the behef m women, but he can say w ~ t hEzek~elthat " h ~ s facts and s t a t ~ s t ~ cbearmg s " Nothmg has puddled war The central fact developed was, that voluntary b ~ r t h mother 1s as a vme w ~ t h ~h n~ blood control was pr~mardyrespons~ble The only other cause the clear waters ~n w h ~ c hthe faun and the C h r ~ s tIn t h ~ s held to be ~mportantwas that w h ~ c hcame under the head of student have looked mto the mlrror of women's natures Mrs Havelock Ellls, ~n The Bookman dlegal operat~ons A T 1 5 The Bwth Control Revmu CORNERED The Bwth Control R m e w THE WASTE OF CREATIVE ENERGY and consc~ouslycontrol and d ~ r e c tthls tremendous power f o r good results onlv Do you know that out of every 1,000 bab~eshorn In thls country 150 d ~ e ?And thls means that 150 out of every 1,000, o r about 1 out of every 7 mothers, By lessre A Rene go through the penls and heartrendmg throes of chlldblrth H A T AN EXTRAVAGANT waste of creatlve for no useful purpose--for worse than nothmg, to say nothenergv 1s uncontrolled lnstlnct 1 What a sacrlfic~al Ing of t h e ~ rgolng through hfe generally wlth mut~lated waste 1s f rultless agony 1 bod~es Now just mult~plyt h ~ sby the tens of thousands Woman IS wllllng, glad and even eager to sacr~ficefor Can you not see these hundreds of thousands of mothers all anv cause really worth whde, and, In passmg, let us take wr~thlngIn p a n ? Can you not hear thew cry of accumusacrlfice to mean the glvlng up of the lesser for the gauung Idted suffermg as ~t rlses to heaven In a long drawn-out wall of the greater, and not blmd mother love whlch 1s so often for mercy? T h ~ sbarbar~cwaste of mother force must be stopped If women must suffer to brlng bables Into emsttnlstaken for sacrlfice The woman a h o becomes a mother by cholce, who IS ence, surely they should be free to choose thew own tlme prepared for and who longs for the prlv~legesas well as the and convenience, and labor according to them strength 1 sacrifices of motherhood, gladly goes through the unspeakOMEN, YOUR BODIES are your very own, gwen able physlcal agony, glves up her body to be racked and to you as a sacred trust to treat wlth respect and to tortured by patn In order that a llttle Love Blossom may be use w ~ t hlntelhgent care for the carrymg on of the Great welcomed Into the home, thls l~ttleLove Blossom whlch 1s Plan How can you do your part well when you subject the harmonlous result of the blendlng of reciprocal ldeals these instruments to lmproper treatment and even to mtsWoman expects to sacr~ficeher tune, her energy, even use? I s ~t that you are afrald to stand up for your nghts, her career, a m b ~ t ~ o and n s deslres for a tlme at least ( g ~ v m g not as women merely, but to stand up for your r ~ g h t sas up of the lesser), so as to assume the hlgh office of motherhuman belngs, equally w ~ t hmen? Are not men and women hood, (the galnlng of the greater) But should she be exco-workers for the advancement of the human race! pected to do thls cheerfully for chance maternity, perhaps Take comfort Thls reckless waste of wtal creatlve because of an extra glass of champagne, a late supper o r force can be stopped, and you can do ~t You who are some the takmg of st~mulantsand tnd~gestlblecombmatlons, o r day golng to be mothers and you who are now mothers, why perhaps because of the Innate bel~efIn a "necessrty," whrch not be the very best mothers that study, care and thoughtful sclence proves to be qulte unfounded? preparation can produce? How can ~t be done? Are these plausible and suffic~entreasons for expecting One way 1s to wln polltlcal freedom so that you may woman to enter upon motherhood and the many years of share In framlng the laws you must obey responstblhty and care whlch the frwt of thls excess o r Another way 1s by obtammg a knowledge of the workIgnorance demands? That motherhood should be merely an lnc~dentof marrled hfe, the penalty for wifehood, 1s lngs of your own bohes and mmds, together w ~ t han undermost lncons~stentw ~ t hthe exalted prase whlch IS e v e n on standing of how to control and dlrect your ernotlons and how to develop wdl power so that you wall use your knowledge, everv hand to the mothers of the natlon 1 once you have obtalned ~t F ONLY B I R T H would ensure aoman's freedom from Thts can be done by establlshmg schools for lads and the recurrence of chance maternltyl But ~t does not glrls, husbands and wlves, fathers and mothers throughout The constant fear, anxlety, dread and even horror as each the land N o end of ways suggest themselves as to how month rolls by IS something which only those who have been t h ~ smay be done, the Natlonal Congress of Mothers and through at can tully reallze, and how few women there are Parent-Teacher Assoc~at~ons 1s one far-reachlng power for who do not know t h ~ sfear1 Let us do our utmost to put good away such consuming wasteful mental anxlety, and bnng mstead peace wlthm the marrlage bond Women want chlldren, yes, of course, but they want ch~ldrenborn at the proper t m e and under the rlght c o n d ~ t ~ o nnot s , when tlmes are hard, not when the father 1s out of work or an ~nvahd, and not when she, the mother, 1s a phys~calwreck and overwrought mentally In her struggle to keep allve and half way decent the ch~ldrenalready here Women, do you reallze what ~t means when we say "The hlgher the blrth rate, the hlgher the death rate?" Surely you see what a t r a g c and devastating waste of vltal force ~t IS to glve b ~ r t hto chtldren that d ~ wlth e the first breath or wlthln a few months after b ~ r t h1 Creatlve energy, of whlch mother love IS part, 1s so powerful that ~t can remove mountams, ~t behooves us, therefore, to understand PUTTING THE CHICKEN BACK INTO THE SHELL W w I The Bwth Control Revtew THE CRYING NEED FOR BIRTH CONTROL By Ida W r g h t Mudgett PART I More than any other one determmng factor, the hmltlng H E CONSEQUENCES of unchecked blrth, or on the of famlhes has a profound bearmg upon the h ~ g h e educatlon r other hand of blrth control, reach down mto every of the chlldren of the masses A man w ~ t ha llmrted Income maln avenue of human affalrs T o the thmklng ob- cannot carry the burden of non-producmg chlldren for any server there 1s hardly a human cond~tlon,soclal o r m d ~ v ~ d -great length of tlme Each younger born presses the older ual, Into w h ~ c h~t does not force ~ t way s and have ~ t deters ones more speed~lyand surely out upon the labor market m n m g mfluence before they have finlshed even the elghth grade, to say More than any other factor In soc~ahzedIlfe, surplus nothmg of the Hlgh School or Un~verslty populatton determtnes the economlc status of the wageThe hlgher educatlon of the masses 1s pos~t~vely necesearnmg class, who constitute the great majorlty of human- sary to thew well bemg T h e educated classes, because of tty Where there are a large number of wage-earners com- thew superlor knowledge, contmually Impose upon the more petlng for a lmlted supply of jobs, the wage scale 1s bound ~lllteratenumberless laws whlch are wholly to thew own to be forced down t o the llmlt of subsistence A dense advantage and detrimental to the masses They contmually population m a small area always means low wages and a nnpose customs, through soctal opprobr~um, that present very low standard of hvmg for the masses and a corres- knowledge In the world, ~f attamable by the many, should pondmg Increase of profit and means of tyranny for the long slnce have rel~evedthem of They perpetuate superprlvtleged classes When a poor man has a large famlly to stltlons that the masses, ~f possessed of the certaxn knowlsupport he cannot be too partlcular about the amount of edge now In the world, would long slnce have outgrown wages he recemes, nor too partlcular m regard to the abuse Many superstltlons perslst, whlch are not much above the Indlan myth of the Thunder Blrd In explammg phenomena l allow 1n order to keep hls job he w ~ l not The above statement 1s equally true of the wage-earner of the Universe, and many ceremonies, not much above the as a class Wttness the older countries-Chma, I n d ~ a ,etc Ind I n Snake Dance, or Ghost Dance The knowledge 1s t e n~ghtmaredreams, but -where the rabb~t-hkepopulat~on1s reduced to hopeless m the world now to d ~ s s ~ p a such poverty and abject subserviency and then glance up through ~t 1s safely embalmed In techn~caltreatises and dead lanthe ascendmg scale to those countries where the populat~on guages, whlch only those w ~ t ha Unwerslty educatlon can has not yet swarmed over every Inch of habitable ground rnterpret s means of Independence from landand thus cut off ~ t every N O T H E R IMPORTANT bearmg too large famthes lord or boss, thereby depr~vmgthe ~nhab~tants of every have upon the well bemg of poster~ty1s the lack of sense of hberty, to say nothlng of opportunity A certam proper development In the offsprmg, whether pre-natal o r amount of space and contact wlth nature-unspoiled by after blrth The pre-natal mfluence w ~ l lbe touched upon man's art-1s md~spensableIn breedmg m the human bang presently the sense of llberty and human dlgn~ty The first thmg that stares one In the face, In consldermg That thC wage scale 1s controlled by the number of t h ~ sphase of the subject, 1s the lack of proper care of the b~ddersfor a stated number of jobs 15, In a measure, rllus- ch~ldrenof large famhes I t 1s next to lmposs~blefor a trated by present labor condlt~ons On account of the large poor mother burdened w ~ t hten o r twelve chddren to do number of young men bemg taken from the labor market, anythmg hke justlce to thew s~mplestneeds She IS over the there are fewer men to compete for jobs and thus wages are wash tub, the lronlng board, cookmg and baking, w~eldlng continually ascendmg the needle, niakmg, mendmg, darnmg clothes, or carmg for YRANNIES, OLIGARCHIES, autocracies, are al- the frettmg younger members The older chrldren are playways based upon th~cklypopulated areas, democrac~es Ing tn the streets, p~ckmgup and d~ssemmatmgall kmds of based upon areas where the mhabltants are m close touch bad hab~tsand diseases-hablts prohloltwe of proper musw ~ t hnature Over populat~onmeans many men blddlng for c u h r and nerve growth, d~seasesoften fatal to hod~lyhealth proport~onatelyfew jobs, wh~ch111 turn means low wages The dehnquencles of 70% of the ch~ldrenIn Reformatories and low standards of hvmg A low standard of hvmg means 1s due to street hvmg and playmg an ever greater growth of Ignorance and superst~t~on and Moreover, ~t 1s practically lniposslble for the slender consequent lnablllty to understand and defend popular r~ghts purse of the average wage-earner to cover the actual needs and l~bertles of a large famlly In the way of clothes and food H e cannot The deslre of the prrv~legedclasses (clerical or secular) procure a properly balomcd ratloll for hls brood, and any to keep In subordmatlon the masses, upon whose helpless- good stock-ralser can tell what that, long continued, w ~ l ldo ness them spectal pr~vllegesand opportunltles depend, 1s one both to the present and future generations Theu clothtng , very often Into reason why these classes are so vehement m thew opposltlon 1s cheap stuff w ~ t hno warmth In ~ tfash~oned to b ~ r t hcontrol propaganda and so drasttc In thelr laws grotesque garments wh~chrender them a laughing-stock to (Contttrrted on page ro) concernmg rt T A T $10. Shares $10. Shares HELP SUPPORT THIS MAGAZINE THE BIRTH CONTROL REVIEW e now Incorporated, and the par value of the stock IS Ten Dollars, fully pad and non-assessable T o own a share entads no Ilabrhty, but cames a vote on the pollcy of the Revlew The pnce of a share IS wthm the reach of all Invest $10, $20, $30-as many as you can s p a r t a n d help bnng birth control wthm the reach of the masses The people must be 911th control has been nusrepresented by 1ts opponents W e must undo that wok educated, and the Renew 1s the best meBum through whch ths can be accomplished I For further ~nformabonr t e to Send check or money order to Mn. Frances B. Ackerman, Treas. 104 Fifth Avenue New York Gty I1 Margaret Sanger 104 Fifth Avenue New York City EDUCATION WILL BRING EMANCIPATION Stat. Follomng are the names of our fight 6 your name here" Frances B Ackermann Jessre Ashley Julret Rublee Mrs Mary B Knoblauch Elizabeth W Colt Manon Cothren Natronal B ~ r t hControl League Jonah J Goldstem Vrrgrnra H Lawrence MIS A B C S t e m t t Chrrstran Anderson Kate W Baldwn, M D Brrth Control League of Mass Mrs A A Brown Elma Zum Bmnnen M n C a m e L Carleton Bryan Chance Mrs G M Clark Rabbi Rudolph I Coffee Mras C A Dana MISS Ella Davls Charlotte Delafield M ~ s sK S Drerer Jessre 0 Drummond MISS Ethel L Eblrng Amy Walker Fleld August M Fless M n Florence Fowler MISS Mlnn~eFr~edman Mr Everett S Gardrner area those who are help~ngm New York 10 New York 10 New York 10 New York 6 New York 5 New York 6 New York 5 New York 2 New York 2 Dlstnct of Columh~a 2 Washrngton 1 Pennsylvanm 1 Massachusetts 1 New York 1 Mmesota 1 New York 1 Kaneas 1 New York 1 Illrnola 1 New York 1 New York 1 New York 1 New York 1 New York 1 New York 1 Dlstr~ctof Columbla 1 New York 1 New York 1 New York 1 Calffornm 1 Mrs Anne D Geller MIS A M Greene Mrss Maw B H ~ g g m s MIS Cense Cannan Jack Adele Kellnor Lourse W Kneeland Marron May Bertha Row Mrller M J McAhster MIS Emma Morse MIS H Nunsbaum John Orth MIS W B Pendleton John P ~ n t a l Mrs Ponsonby Ogle Mrs Julre G Porter Ehzabeth Morse Redheffer Mrs Elrzabeth M Remlck Katherine N Romer Margaret Sanger Bessre M Sertz Mr Alfred Sterner Mr Frank Stephenson Dr Edlth Hale S d t MISS Elsa Thlele MIS K ~ t t yTomklns Florence C Wlutney Mrs A E Wxll~ama Mrs Fannre Willlams Dr Mary A W h Mlaa Ellen Wrmor Mrs Grover C Wolfe Dr Jenme Young 8t.k 8h.r- New York New York New York Massachusetts New York New York New York Dlstnct of Columbra West Vlrpnla New York Texan Massachusetts Kentucky New York Massachusetts Calrfornra Ill~nors New York New York New York Oh10 Cahfornla Pennsylvania Masaachusetts New York New York New York New York New York New Jersey Pennaylvanur Pannsylvanm New Jeraey 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 The Bwth Control Remew EDITORIAL COMMENT N THE MEANTIME the wal has opened our eyes In H E r E D E R A L CHILD LABOR LAW has been stdl other ways to the appalling c o n d ~ t ~ oofn our youth, declared unconst~tutional and therefore v o ~ d T h ~ s fact has been met by expresvons of restrained ind~gnat~on the selectwe draft has shown physical, mental and nervous throughout the country I n d ~ g n a t ~ omust n be restramed affl~ct~ons due to neglect In ch~ldhood Neglect caused by these days when ~t 1s d~rectedagamst any funct~onof the poverty produces 111-nounshed ch~ldren,stunted ch~ldren, rederal Government But In this case even restramed In- feeble-mmded chddren Ignorance and stupidity create too d ~ g n a t ~ omay n be mstaken The five learned just~cesof the many chrldren An e p ~ d e m ~ ofc effort to remedy and abol~sh Supreme Court, who rendered the major~tyopinlon, may theye thmgs by leg~slat~on has sprung into existence C h n m poss~blyh a l e done a real sertlce to the ch~ldhoodof the and m ~ l k statlolls are bemg establ~shed, educat~on for s once more before the people for nation by brmgrng t h ~ case mothers provided, health exammation enforced, labor laws, study and d~scussion For ~t was at best a weak and mademothers' pensions, day nurseries all expermented with-the quate law u ~ t hwh~cht o meet so great an evil as ch~ldlabor t as long as your arm Everyone is patr~ot~cally shoutd meet t h ~ evil s squarely w ~ t hdownright proh~b~tion l ~ s 1s It d ~ not even w t h m ~ t llmited s sphere, but prov~dedthat no goods mg ' S a l e the bab~es" But when sober common sense sugm ~ g h tbe transported from one state to another ~f these gests that this pest of 111-conditioned ch~ldrencould best be goods were produced In a factory In w h ~ c hwithin thirty cured by a sane l m t a t t o n of offspring by contraceptive days of the removal of the goods, ch~ldrenunder fourteen methods, fear and Ignorance mamfest themselves, fear so years of age had been employed or chddren between four- strange and Ignorance so appallmg as to be pos~t~vely d~steen and s~xteenyears of age had been employed or per- maymg Those who work hardest to "save the bab~es"look m~ttedto work more than e ~ g h thours m any day, o r more w ~ t h coldness upon the least suggestion of savmg the than SIX days in any week or after the hours of seven p m mothers from h~deouslyfrequent b ~ r t h s o r before SIX a m In the "Survey" of June 8th ~t rs stated Ch~ldrenmust not work, but parents may not be helped that ~f fully enforced t h ~ slaw would have removed about to l m t the number of their ch~ldrento those they can care 150,000 ch~ldrenfrom ~ndustry,but would still leave 1,850,000 chddren to emploved A patently madequate remedy for In health and decency I t is not mmoral nor ~llegalto even ~f allowed to stand The d~fficulty1s that the Federal brmg helpless young5ters Into the world to slave and rot and Government is not In a posltion to deal properly with ch~ld die, ~t 1s not ~mmoralnor ~llegalto eke out the fam~lyinlabor, because laws of t h ~ ssort interfere with home rule In come by the use of baby hands, but ~t 1s cr~mmalto tell a the states Nevertheless, there IS a way to deal w ~ t hnat~onal woman how to protect her health and strength and that of e v ~ l sor w ~ t hsuch matters as should be nat~onalin t h e ~ r her fam~lyby l ~ m ~ t mthe g number of pregnancies Civ~lized character I t was not d~fficultto amend the federal Constl- people cry out agamst ch~ldlabor and are md~gnantwhen a t u t ~ o nin such a way thzt a federal lncome tax became pos- clumsy, meffectwe law 1s thrown upon the scrap heap, but sible If LJncle Sam can go after the lncomes of his people, think ~t qulte all r ~ g h tto send Margaret Sanger to j a ~ lfor why can't he go after those who make money from the toll telling a woman how to prevent conception when she already of chddren 7 It should not be harder to pass an amendment has several poor httle candidates for the factor~estugging to the Cons& ltlon that would permlt national laws to be at her s k ~ r t s If each fam~lywele hm~tedto the number enacted so framed as to save the nat~on'schildren from the that could be reared In health and comfort, there would be joyless houtes of ~ndustry,save them not only from factories, but f ~ o mmmes and sweat shops and even from over- no need for chdd labor laws, federal o r otherwise, but desn o ~ km then own homes Chddren are often stunted and peratelv poor parents need the extra wages that them little dulled by long hours of farm work o r by the care of younger tots can earn and so they ]om hands w ~ t hemployers in opposmg all leglslat~onthat would tahe these pennies away sisters and brothers Generous mmded m d ~ v ~ d u a land s amable socreties have put years of work and pots of gold R ~ c hparents do not send t h e ~ rch~ldrento the factor~eso r Into ch~ldwelfare leg~slat~on, yet child labor and child de- the mmes, ~t 1s the poor parents whose l~ttlech~ldrenneed world that makes ~t a gradat~on,child starvation dnd child imbecll~tycont~nuein protect~on I t IS a strange, ~llog~cal giant proportlolls If ch~ldlabor 1s a bad thing and there crlme to teach the prevention of concept~onand encourages can be but l~ttledoubt that it Is, then we should demand an people to breed like rabbits and then makes no decent prog of t h ~ ssort vis~onfor the swarms of httle tots that come tumbhng Into amendment to the ~ o n s t ~ t u ? ~p oe rnm ~ t t ~ nlaws a sad world to be enacted T I 10 T H E CRYING NEED F O R B I R T H CONTROL (Contmued from page 7) thew more fortunate schoolmates and playfellows T h ~ s hurts thew p r ~ d e afeelmg of then own worth that all chddren naturally h a v e a n d eventually subordmates them In thew own mmds to chrldren of a better outward showmg So, when they are grown t h e ~ rprlde 1s dead, and they become the sycophants, the apolog~sts,and the crmgers before the s ~ l khat and the gloved hand Such cli~ldrengenerally have no refinlng surroundmgs In t h e ~ rhomes Only a httle cheap furniture, crowdmg In lwmg rooms, and worse In bedrooms, bad smells from cookmg cheap food, the quarrelmg that 1s always gomg on among a large number of ch~ldrenherded together, when not properly amused, no good books, nor qulet to read them, no good muslc, nor shdl In the household to play ~t, no refinlng home entertamment of any kmd, no enl~ghtenmgand educatmg conversations between father and mother, such as take place between parents In a more le~suredhome, nothmg, absolutely nothmg, of an elevatrng character No caresses, no rndwdual care and Interest from mother to older chdd so necessary to the blossommg of ~ t spmtual s hfe The mother's l~ttletlme from household drudgery must be 'wen to the younger members T h ~ s~ d e aassociates rtself w ~ t hanother aspect of the problem-the bltter ~ n j u s t ~ ctoe the women of the poor, who are compelled to be the mothers of enormous famllles What tlme ha\e they for any mental development, or to keep what they m~glithave had before they were martled? T o gwe of t h e ~ rbody substance for the bu~ldrngof ten, twelve, fourteen ch~ldren,to face such a number of tlmes the stram and agony of chdd-b~rth, always Inadequately supported and sustamed durmg the ordeal, never a first class surgeon who understands the merc~fuluse of chloroform, never a tramed nurse who understands the absolute necessrty of antlseptrc cleanhness No proper rest In bed after the awful tr~al,always a bunch of crymg, exactmg dependents maklng demands upon the weakened hands, the achmg back, the trembhng loms So she 1s up long before she should be makmg dn effort to meet those demands What chance has such a woman, I say, to retam any mdlvldual~ty,do any thrnkmg, feed any artlst~csense, keep her s p ~ r ~ t u amtegr~ty? l None whatever I n the "good old t~mes"when women were supposed not to have any souls, thls was all very well, but now that ~t 1s adm~ttedthat they have at least prov~s~onal souls, thlngs should be so arranged that each and every woman could have the p r o p u enwronment In wh~chto develop herself Just compare the wives of the wage-earnlng class, at the age of fifty, wtth the wrves of the prlv~legedclass at the same age Observe the difference In mtellectual attarnment, phjsical prcser%a:lon, dgruly of oearmg, between them And remember that that whlch IS between them 1s the accldent of brrth contmued through several generations I f ~t 1s absolutely necessary that the greater part of one sex shall be crushed, everythmg of a refinmg nature refused expresston, all mdlv~duahzmgq u a l ~ t ~ esmothered s out, r f such a montsrous sacr~ficeIS necessary for the perpetuation of the The Bwth Control R m e w race, then it 1s not worth preservmg W e had better q u ~ t and glve the world over to the lower animals Don't m~sunderstand There 1s nothmg so refin~ng,so spmtuahzmg, as mother-love when the mother has tlme and strength to mdlv~duahzeher chddren, to caress them, to fondle them, to nurse them at her breast, to mstruct and educate them, and develop herself while and through developmg them But when she IS snnply a breeder, forced to push each httle one aslde, w ~ t hhardly tune to press one caress upon ~ t httle s hands, watch one blossomtng look of mtell~genceappear upon ~ t face, s observe one smde of baby recogmtlon glven to her-when, I repeat, she has to push ~t a s ~ d eto make room for the next and agam the next, there 1s no development In t h ~ s there , 1s just retrogression ( T o be concluded) NOTE The August number of t h ~ smagazme w ~ l appear l In the mlddle of summer, at a tlme when many readers are away on them vacations and a c t ~ v ~ i ~ ofe sall kmds are parttally suspended Consequently, we have dec~dedto put out an elght-page Issue Wlth the September number, however, we shall return to our regular slxteen-page slze-EDITORS Do not waste your t m e on soc~alquesttons What 1s the matter w ~ t hthe poor 1s Poverty, what 1s the matter w ~ t h the r ~ c hIS uselessness -George Bernard Shaw HIS HEAD ABOVE T H E C W U D S The Bwth Control R m r v I! BIRTH CONTROL AND SOCIAL SERVICE By Clara Taylor I H A V E BEEN ASKED to write an a r t d e on the recent Nat~onalSoc~alServ~ceConference at Kansas C ~ t y and , to state whether the above ment~onedorgamzat~onhad grounds for advocatmg fam~lyIumtat~on,and ~f so, was the subject ~ncludedIn ~ t program? s After worktng seven ycars In the capactty of soc~al worker and nurse, gomg among the work~ngclass famhes, some of u hom are poverty str~ckenw h ~ l eothers are on the border lme of poverty, I cannot understand how soc~al workers can pretend they are domg constructwe work ~f they do not mclude fam~lyI ~ m ~ t a t ~mo nt h e ~ rprogram I am compelled to say that most soc~alworkers are sat~sfied w ~ t h"patchwork" and close thew eyes t o the real Issue However, there m g h t be a broad field for educat~ngthe socalled soc~alworkers and openmg t h e ~ eyes r to supplement the Income Consequently the Chanty Organ~zatlonhas to help a l~ttlemore t h ~ stlme What 1s the worker's hope? She looks forward to the t m e when Johnn~eo r Mary, who 1s now th~rteenyears old, 1s fourteen so that he or she can get a p e r m t to go to work The soc~alworker wlll find a job, where the h ~ l dcan earn about $4 per week and augment the famdy income The chtld 1s not cons~dered,but ~t should be, as ~t 1s the ctttzen of thc future 2nd should be glven a good educat~onand therehy a chance to do better than ~ t father s If Johnny and Mary were better educated, they would see the need of h a v ~ n gIn their turn just so many ch~ldrenas they could properly brmg up Thereby they would elmmate the necess t y of hav~ngto call on the Chanty Organ~zatlonfor help and these orgdnizat~onswould gradually go out of exlstence But soc~alworkers do not w ~ s hto have these organlzatlons go out of exlstence, as it would mean a scarclty of posltlons Mary never has had sufficient food and has been unable to attend school regularly, because she was the oldest of the large f a m ~ l yand had to stay home at d~fferentrntemals Mother was slck, or the baby was s~ck,and mother had to take h m to the d~spensaryand Mary had to mmd the other ch~ldren At the age of fourteen, she had to leave school and go to work to help supplement the Income What wdl she be able to do and what w ~ l her l earnlng capaclty be? There 1s really no questlon as to whether the Soc~alSerConference had grounds for advocating fam~lyIumtatlon Any worker who has ever been sent out by a Chanty Organtzat~onsoclety to make a home ~nvestlgatlonand finds the average-s~zedfam~lyof e~ght,SIX ch~ldrenand husband and w ~ f e ,hvmg In one room and k~tchen-the father slck, but not too sick to have more ch~ldren,the mother only t h ~ r t y\ears of age, and the c h ~ l d ~ eunderfed n and w~thout proper clothmg-immed~ately begms to wonder how to get mformation on b ~ r t hcontrol, to prevent addmg more mouths HE BEGINS A S a cash g ~ r lat $3 a week and when she to t h ~ sfam~ly Workers who have had the above experience reaches the age of e~ghteenshe earns $8 per week, came to the conference and took part In the d~scuss~ons, but wh~ch,for a person w ~ t hher educat~on,IS considered a good not a nard Wac s a ~ don the subject of b ~ r t hcontrol salary She 1s not able to buy "hfe" on $8 a week The I shall base my arguments for fam~lylnn~tationon t h ~ e e fam~lylwe In two rooms and a k~tchen Mary has no place papers wluch were read at the conference, where b ~ r t hconto brmg her "gentlemen fr~ends,"as her home always 1s trol would have been a most mportant Issue tf the social d ~ r t yand upset, t h ~ sbemg due to the many people l ~ v ~ n~ng workers senously meant to do constructwe work One ao few rooms Mary 1s young and wants to Iwe, w h ~ c hshe paper was on "The R e h a b ~ l ~ t a t ~ofo nthe Fam~ly," another has a r q h t to do, but what has the community prepared for was on "Juven~le Courts and Del~nquent G~rls,"and the her, There are publ~cdance halls and demoral~zedmovles, t h ~ r don "Ch~ldren's W o r k " 1 he last paper was read by but she cannot go to these places as often as she would l ~ k e Sally Lucas Jean, of the People's Instttute of New York, tt She cannot afford ~ tand , naturally 1s glad to accept an offer was the most ~ l l u m ~ n a t and ~ n g msplrlng, as ~t began w ~ t hthe from any "gentleman fnend" to go out with h m to any chdd and seemed to lead lo better future cltlzens publ~cplace--dance hall, plcntc or p~ctureshow The results I R S T I SHALL DISCUSS the paper on 'The Rehabk- we all know she becomes a delmquent girl Who produced ? to have taught Mary's mother to pretatlon of the F a m ~ l y" By what methods does the soc~al t h ~ sc o n d ~ t ~ o nYet vent havtng more than three chddren, whtch she could have worker a m to help the famtly to help themselves? There brought up properly, would have been a crunmal act are SIX ch~ldren,the oldest not yet twelve years of age, the The next paper was "Juven~le Courts and Delinquent father's earntng capacity 1s enly $12 o r $14 a week and his work 1s only seasonal The father has very l~ttleeducat~on, G ~ r l s " The reader already knows the orlgln of some dehavmg gotten as far as the Fourth Grade ~n the P u h l ~ c lmquent g d s , now we shall see other sources of delmquency Schools, and so has \cry l~ttlechance to compete w ~ t hbetter The paper contamed the followmg definrt~on "Ch~ldren from broken homes, the mother or father s of effic~ency When h ~ work s gves educated men 111 t h ~ day out, the Chanty Organ~zatmn1s called on for a ~ and d helps has e ~ t h e rd ~ e do r deserted the fam~ly" u n t ~ the l father 1s agam able to resume his work A year o r It 1s a well known fact that many men desert then so later, the famdy 1s agam forced to call on the organ~zat~on famhes when thew wlves are pregnant When the father for help There 1s probably another mouth t o feed and the leaves, the mother, although s ~ c kand ~ r r ~ t a b lhas e , to go to mother 1s unable to take ~n occas~onalwashmg as in the past work and consequently the ch~ldrenare left e ~ t h e rwlth all vice S F The Bwth Control Review older brother o r slster of twelve or th~rteenyears of age, who 1s too young to work, or w ~ t ha ne~ghborwho has too many ch~ldrenof her own properly to care for them W h ~ l e the mother 1s at work, the th~rteen-year-oldbrother w ~ l lrun out w ~ t h111s playmates and leave the other ch~ldren W e all know the envlronment In wh~chthese chddren h e and what they are able to do m the congested d ~ s t r ~ c t sThe next thing we hear IS, that Johnny has stolen f r u ~ tfrom the grocery stand Stealmg coal from the ra~lroad tracks IS just a matter of course, as mother needed the coal and probably sent h ~ r nthere herself Whlle at the ra~lroad tracks, Johnny meets other boys, who, hke h~mself,had gone there to steal only coal, and they discover a carload of food and help themselves, as a result, Johnny IS now a case for the Juven~leCourt T o ha\e taught Johnny's mother how to take care of herself so she wouldn't get pregnant so often and to keep Johnny's father at home would have been cons~dereda cr~mmalact IVe, also, must not forget the thousands of mothers who d ~ every e year as a result of ch~ldb~rtli, because they were p h y s ~ c a l lexhausted ~ from nursmg and carrymg the unborn ch~ld,bes~deshavmg to care for too large a fam~lyand not havmg sufhclent proper food when she needed ~t most The result of t h ~ s1s motherless ch~ldrenwho grow up w~thout proper gu~danceand who const~tutea large number of Ju\en~leCourt cases and del~nquentg ~ r l s I n the paper read by MISSR ~ p p mshe , gave an account of twelve hundred g ~ r l s ,most of whom came from broken homes, large famhes, and who had left grammar school when they were somewhere between the second and e~ghth grades MISSR p p m s a ~ dthat most of the g ~ r l were s br~ght, but on account of some rn~sfortuneIn the home, they were retarded pup~ls Out of the twelve hundred g r l s referred to, the greater number earned between $6 and $8 a week Only three out of t h ~ slarge group earned $19 a week and these were show g ~ r l s W e all know the envlronment In wh~chthese g d s live, and nothmg can be expected of them but delinquency 111 the course of t ~ m e The last paper was M ~ s sJean's paper She advocated lunches for all school ch~ldren T h ~ spaper was the most hopeful and made one feel that h l ~ s sJean held the key to the salvation of the future generatton Her conclus~ons, howe\er, were somewhat d~sappomtmg,because even ~f a chdd IS given a good lunch for nme months, t h ~ sdoes not solve the entlre problem wh~chfaces the workmgman's ch~ld If the father 1s only able to earn 814 a week and there are t chddren, IS a dally luncheon at the from five to e ~ g h other school gomg to brmg about the ult~materesults we would hke to have? ANSWERS TO MR. LLOYD E d ~ t o r s"BIRTH CONTROL REVIEW ' EJOINDERS HAVING been u n ~ t e dby the REVIEW to the letter by Mr J W m Lloyd, of Westfield, N J , whtch appeared In ~ t June s Issue, I beg to subm~ta few observdt~ons,prefacmg them w ~ t hrecogmtlon of the excellent spmt of M r Lloyd's communlcatlon, so d~fferent f loin the abuse In wh~chcrltlclsm of b~rth-controlfrequently abounds FIRST M r Lloyd says that nature 1s a pretty good gu~de,and that nature made b ~ r t hlnstrnctlve and w~thheld lnst~nct~ve knowledge of b~rth-control But M r Lloyd seems to forget that human evolut~on,~n an nnportant aspect, 1s the record of the lncreaslng control of knowledge over Ignorance, of reason over lnstmct, of del~berat~on over ~mpulse-consists, In short, of improvement upon nature Left to h ~ s Instincts, man would be a savage By the cult~vat~on of hls h ~ g h e rnature, by the ascendancy of mmd over body, by the sacr~ficeof present pleasure to larger future good, man becomes c ~ v ~ h z e d S ~ C O N DThe vast areas of unpopulated and unproductlve land throughout the world furn~shno argument, In themselves, for increase of populat~on I t 1s only when the populat~onand development of new terrltory are accompanled by mdlv~dualexcellence and mdustr~alfreedom, on the palt of the new mhabltants, that such expansion 1s d e w able M r Lloyd m ~ g h tas rat~onally d e s ~ r eto have the world's over-crowded cltles expand yet further, slums and all THIRD it4r Lloyd names a long 1 s t of reforms (all of wh~chthe unders~gnedhappens to favor as much as he), and says that these are vastly more important than brrthcontrol Rut 1s not t h ~ sputtmg the cart before the horse? Did he ever stop to cons~derthat progresslve pol~ciesdepend upon progresswe people, and that progresslve people are the product of moral and s p ~ r ~ t u forces al that gather strength just In proportlon that phys~calappetites and selfish ambltlons are held tn abeyance or neutral~zed-that a progresslve can never sprmg from people, w ~ t hprogresslve mst~tut~ons, the Ignorance and poverty wh~chthe practlce of b~rth-control would so materially lessen' FOURTH M r Lloyd says that b~rth-controlIS negative, not pos~tne,and that the slogan should be, not "Fewer and better ch~ldren,"but "More and better chddren " But he IS golng too fast There cannot be more and better children u n t ~ lthere are first fewer and better ch~ldren H e Ignores the fact that everywhere, and at all tlmes, both In nature and In human soclety, quahty 1s and must be at the expense of qnantlt) I t any glven tlme, there are only so much knowledge and vlrtue poss~ble,and when thew content 1s mcreased Frecdom is so splcnd~da thmg that one cannut wui tidy In the ~nd~vidual, the number of ~ n d ~ v ~ d u exemphfymg als state ~t In the terms of a defin~tlon, one has to umte In some them must relat~vely be d~mrn~shed flammg svrnbol or smg ~t In a muslc rlotous w ~ t hthe uproar of heaven -Padratc H Pearse I F T H hlR LLOYD shares the prevalent but rn~staken * * * behef that b~rth-controltends to so-called "race-su~c~de " Ignorance and prudery are the m~llstonesabout the necks But he seems to forget that the same cond~t~ons that produce of progress -Judge Wm N Gatens, of Portland, Ore fewer b ~ r t h salso reduce the death-rate m at least equal de- R F The Bwth Control Revtern gree, so that the net result In the d ~ r e c t ~ oofn "race-su~c~de" 1s ntl SIXTH Speakmg absolutely, ~t 1s doubtless true, as M r Lloyd says, that none of the contraceptwes advocated by the b~rth-control~stsis mfalhble But experience shows that, when properly manufactured and properly used, they are not only harmless but preventlve In a vast major~tyof cases and w ~ l M l r Lloyd say that, because they are not efficac~ous In every case, they should not be used as w~delyas poss~ble7 T o apply such a princrple generally would put an end to all soc~alreform SLVENTH The fact that b~rth-control1s already pract ~ s e dlargely among the better educated and more wealthy classes, and frequently for selfish reasons, 1s hardly an argument for ~ t d~scouragement s among the classes wh~chneed ~t most, where, as a matter of fact, most of the b~rth-control propaganda 1s found The fact that a good thmg 1s abused In a lim~tedclass of soc~ety1s no reason why ~t should not be encouraged among the masses EIGHTH I t IS qulte true that the use of contraceptlves tends to mar the "romance" of the sexual relat~ons The u n d e r s p e d has no doubt that, w ~ t hthe progress of the race, such relat~ons,except for the purpose of ch~ldren,w ~ l l gradually d ~ m ~ n ~ sBut h u n t ~ lmen and women are suffic~entlyspmtual~zedto find marrlage useful and happy w ~ t h only occas~onalmdulgences, ~t behooves them to mlnlmlze the unfortunate consequences to themselves and to the commonwealth, to be found In present reckless practlces, and b~rth-control furn~shesthem the most rat~onalmeans for the accompl~shmentof t h ~ great s and good end Better less poverty-whether phjs~cal,mtellectual, moral, or spmtual - e v e n at the expense of less "romance " w ~ i ethe thought and care he bestows upon h ~ lwestock s and he 1s equallv ~ndifferentto her mental and spmtual state H e has even made laws and under protest refuses to abollsh them, w h e r e h ~she 1s kept In Ignorance and 1s compelled to reproduce whether she wants to or not, as though the matter were no concern of hers M r Lloyd says most women do understand preventive method4 as "knowledge of that kmd penetrates far and w ~ d e beneath the surface " Why should knowledge that 1s r ~ g h t and necessary be compelled to seek underground channels, a thmg to be spoken of In wh~spers? Why be proud to state that most women are lawbreakers-or is he ashamed of the law? I have not known that he IS workmg to have it abolshed But he m~stakes Why all these c l ~ n ~ and c s publ~catlons, the arrests and lads, the lecture tours, the plea for a free press, ~f women already know? Why the thousands of women dymg annually of abort1011and harmful practlces lf preventwe methods were generally known? Why all the orphan asylums and lmmense famihes hvmg squal~dly,~f preventlve methods are understood? Many do not know They have no way of know~ng,especially ~f they are poor and uneducated 01 In remote places, and these are the women who most need help But, I am glad to say that there are In existence safe, cheap, eas~lyprocured preventives and they are not the "undependable, ~ n j u r ~ o uth~ngs" s M r Lloyd says they are Why all t h ~ stumult? Why all the opposltlon Why so much ado about nothing? Because they DO prevent and that 1s why that, freed from overbreedmg, parents can thmk more, read more, work more mdependently, l ~ v ea less explo~tedlife, that 1s why woman, awake at last, 1s askmg Why should I have a chdd I do not want or one I cannot prov~defor? I N 1 H MR LLOYD d~fferent~ates b~rth-controlfrom S T O T H E "lack of poetry and romance of the sex eugenrs, and expresses far more confidence m the relat~on" where preventives are used--oh' that every latter But, after all, b~rth-control1s only one form of woman In the world had for a moment the fabled g.lft of eugenics, and the true eugen~stwtll hardly fa11to appreciate t man know for once what h ~ s tongues so that they m ~ g h let the Important aid w h ~ c hb~rth-control offers hun In h ~ s unbndled, ~rrespons~ble, brut~shlust has done to her "poetry efforts for t n d ~ v ~ d u and a l soc~alwell-bemg and romance" slnce the world began! V ~ c t ~ mofs force I n a tlme hke the present, when the spmt of mtolerance often of drunken fury, often compelled to yteld for duty's 1s abroad In the land, ~t 1s refreshmg to find a man hke M r sake, for love's sake, at every convenient and mconvenlent Lloyd, so mbued w ~ t hthe spmt of democracy as to des~re season, exhausted by muscular f a t ~ g u eor nervous exhausthe repeal of all laws c u r t a h g a propaganda to wh~chhe t ~ o n ,111 w ~ t hrecent o r advancmg matermty, no phys~cal has serlous object~ons The land needs more true Amer~cans response, a spmtual loathmg, a mental d~sgust,terror~zedby hke h ~ m who , have not forgotten that free speech 1s of the the poss~brl~ty of another unwelcome maternity, endurrng essence of Amer~can~sm the forced embrace of a husband she has long ceased to love Yours for hberty and progress, or respect, told that ~f she refuses, "some other woman K EPLER H OYT won't," financ~allydependent, a dozen chtldren perhaps alY DEAR M R S SANGER read> on hand to be prov~dedfor And now the "romance The June letter of f W ~ l l ~ a mLloyd s her before me and poetry ' of the average marrted par's sex matters, are M r Llojd does not seem to have really thought much about held up to us as a very real and wonderful thmg that 1s apt s crltlclsms are more than tmged the matter and h ~ rambltng to be jeopard~zedi f the overburdened, unresponsrve w ~ f e w ~ t hthe str~ctlymasculine pomt of vlew Smce woman has should happen to know about a compound procurable at the the ch~ef(and often all) the burdens of parentage t o bear corner drug store L ~ f e1s short and ~t seems to me that a I cons~derthe matter absolutely her own to dec~de Does few cents of monej and a l~ttlesanltary care are qu~ckerand M r Lloyd know that the average man has no real~zat~on more effectwe than makmg a man over from the ground up whatever of what a woman must undergo at c h ~ l d b ~ r nor th In the months precedmg H e seldom grants the pregnant C LARKE L ULU MACCLURE N M A The Btrth Control Rmew THE MALTHUSIAN DOCTRINE TODAY By C V Drysdale D S c (Contmued from the last Issue) . Blrth-, Death and Survlval Rates m Varlous Countries (Average 1906 10) ATURAILY, some deduct~ons must be made from thls extreme case, although ~tshould be noted that no multlple blrths have been reckoned, and no smaller ~ n t e ~ a than ls two years between blrths About five per cent-not more--may be deducted for lnfantlle mortahty, and perhaps twenty-five per cent for ccl~bacy,stenhty, etc , although both these latter should be very small d economlc condlt~onsperm~ttedgeneral early marnage, and w ~ t h~tthe almost complete ehmlnat~onof venereal dlsease However, makmg a total deduct~onof t h ~ r t yper cent for these vanous causes, our five and a half per cent lncrease per year 1s reduced to four per cent, whch means doubllng every seventeen and a half years, very much more rap~dlythan assumed by Malthus N Bmth rate per l 000 Death rate per 1 000 Survwsl rate No of Y u n per 1000 to Double Australla 26 7 10 7 16 0 43 7 Austrla Belg~um Bulgana Ceylon Chlll Denmark England and Wales Fxnland France Malthus claimed that m the Northern States of Amenca, German Emp~re where food was more easlly obtainable than m Europe, the popu- Hungary latlon had continually doubled Itself m less than twenty-five Ireland years As Malthus pointed out, the death-rate m those tlmes Italy was much h~gherthan ~tshould be under the best economrc con- Jamalca d ~ t ~ o n There s was certa~nlya considerable defic~encyof women, Japan and a f a ~ amount r of cel~bacyeven among these, caused by the Netherlands dlfficult~esof Me In a new country There can be no reasonable New Zealand doubt that with better condlt~onathe populatlon would have Norway rlsen st111 more rapldly Ontarlo In h ~ excellent s Offic~alYear Book of the Commonwealth of PRlss~a Austraha, Mr G H Kn~bbshas e v e n dmgram as regards the Roumanla lncrease of populat~on,showrng that from 1860 to 1890 the rate Russ~a* of lncrease was eren faster than that o i the Unlted States a t ~ t s Scotland Serb~a perlod of most rapld lncrease (from 1790 to 1860) In t h ~ case, s however, the net lncrease by lmmlgratlon was an important part Spam of the total, averagmg about twenty-seven per cent of ~tbetween Sweden Smtzerland 1861 and 1913 On the other hand, the blrth-rate has fallen rap~dlyIn Austraha from about 1865, so that the lmmlgrat~on Un~tedK~ngdom has not probably done more than make up for the reduct~onof Unlted States b ~ r t h s Th~s,of course, 1s only guesswork, but the Amencan ex- I n d ~ a t penence seems concluswely to prove that the natural unchecked It w ~ l lbe not~ced,of course, that the rates of lncrease are rate of Increase of populat~onwould follow a geometncal law, as clalmed by Malthus, and at an even greater rate than that now all of them far below that glven by Malthus, and thls may seem to some people to lust~fythose who, hke Henry George, l a ~ ddown by h ~ m pretended that reproduct~onwould automat~callytend to adjust Increase of Populat~onfrom Bmth and Death-rates-In a ~tselfto the means of ex~stence But thls content~onwas an country In wh~chthe loss or galn of people by m~gratlon1s very absolute absurd~ty There seems to be no ev~dencewhatever small, the rate of lncrease In each year 1s ev~dentlygot by sub- that the human race 1s los~ng~ t unrestncted s f e r t ~ h t yto any tractmg the de~th-ratefrom the blrth-rate, wh~chglves us the Important extent If the women of the present tlme were all to rate of survival, or of "natural lncrease " For mstance, In our marry a t an early age and have chlldren mthout any attempt a t there 1s no just~ficat~on m supposing that the birthown country the blrth-rate for the last few years has been some- restr~ct~on, where about twenty-four per thousand, whlle the death-rate has rate would be any less than the hlghest known m any country been about fourteen T h ~ means s that for every thousand people a t any perlod m the country there have been twenty-four brrths and fourteen N RUSSIA, u n t ~ la few years ago, the blrth-rate was nearly deaths, leavmg ten add~tlonsto the thousand people, or an mconstant a t fifty per thousand, and m Ca~ro and Alexandria t h ~ s crease of one per cent In the year If the blrth- and death-rates were steady a t these figures, and lf there were no m~gratlon,the figure 1s st111 ma~ntalned T h ~ s1s endently considerably below populatlon would lncrease every year by one per cent, or a t one the maxlmum possrble, owlng to the amount of dlsease and per cent compound Interest It can be proved that a sum of cel~bacywh~chIS forced on all rapldly breedlng countnes by money put out a t one per cent compound Interest doubles ltseli economlc pressure When we see that the bulk of cmnhzed s ~t In about seventy years, a t two per cent In 70 d ~ n d e dby 2 equals countr~esnow have blrth-rates of only about half t h ~ figure, has caused people to put off or 35 years, a t three per cent In 70 dlnded by 3 equals 23 1/3 years, means that them ~ntell~gence and so on So that m the Un~tedK~ngdom,a t the present rate, avo~dmarnage, In order to escape poverty, or that they have our populatlon of forty five m~lhonswould double to nrnety m ~ l - learnt the use of preventwe dev~ces,whlch have enabled them to m a n y and l ~ m l them t fam~hes We may take ~tas qulte certaln hens In seventy years, and so on that m a country where no need for restraint on mamage or HE FOLLOWING table gwes us the blrth- and death-rates parenthood exlsted, the blrth-rate would be a t least fifty per and penod of doubllng by natmal mcrease for vanous thousand per year (To be Contmued) countnea I T The Bwth Control Revrew THE NATIONAL BIRTH CONTROL LEAGUE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE llln Ha= Beldelberz Chamman Jruh ml" OBJECT8 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE P d KenludD, (From the by laws) The ohleela of thls assoflabon are 1 To secure the repeal or amendment of all laws pro h~bntlltzthe s l v l o p out of lnformnhoo eoneernmx methods of bmtb control thmush the preventton of conceptton 2 To coIIeet and dlstrlbute hcta ,n regard ta the lesnl status of b l M control eduentmn ia the Unnted States and other eountrles Atzmt.t. GI, M n W d k r Chmben llln H s r y Ware Deml~ett Mr. WUlhrn H G r n n e D. k L G0ldw.b. h Bridolkz Loni.. K n n h n d 3In ~ o o d l kp ~m b M n Am- Pincbot arton Nlcholl Rawson M n Lillhn R Slre llln JDhn H WUIhrm 200 Pdth Avenue New Ymk C i t l Telephone G n m e r q 3159 T HE BIRTH CONTROL Renew has offered a specla1 page of each Issue to the Nat~onalBlrth Control League The League accepts thls hosp~tal~ty w ~ t hpleasure and welcomes this and all other opportunlt~esfor co operat~on m t h Mrs Sanger and the Renew The Renew and the League have the same am- to help everyone who needs ~t to get ~nformat~on about b r t h control That ~nformat~on 1s now rllegal The ~ m m e d ~ aprogram te of the League IS to have ~t made legal The ~ m m e d ~ a tprogram e of the Renew IS to reveal the t r a g ~ cneed for knowledge on t h ~ s subject, and to make people understand what enormous rmprovement there m11 be m md~vldual,soc~aland racral l ~ f ewhen t h ~ s knowledge 1s easrly avarlable W ~ t hthese two first objects accomphshed, both the Revrew and the League m l l then be free to go on to great pnmary arm of gettmg the lnformat~onto the people,-hy the ~ntroduct~on of ~ n s t r u c t ~ oon n t h ~ subject s m the medleal schools, by the promotron of clln~csIn all b ~ cg ~ t ~ eand s , perhaps most ~mportantof all, by pr~ntrngand d~stnbutrngthe best poss~bleup-to-date sc~ent~fic lnformat~on VIRGINIA T HEIDELBERG, Chalrman You want to do all you can? Very well, then B e e n nos7 Slgn your name to both sect~onsof the blank below ard send it to our office Then tell us how many of these blanl s you will drstnbute We m11 supply you m t h all you can use If you want some good leaflets to d~stnbutem t h the blanks wn?e to us for them T h ~ blank s wlll appear m every succeedrng Issue of the Renew for new subscribers to srgn Two months from now we should hke to report that every srngle subscrrber to the Revnew haa slgned the blankn When people say to you, "b~rthcontrol, yes-but not In war tlme," show them that just beeause of the war cond~t~ons, we all the more need b ~ r t hcontrol Why? Because blrth control 1s race consewatlon I t lowers the blrth rate but lowers the death rate and rnfant mortalrty stdl more Fewer people are born, but more surnve I t ehmmates waste If we are rlghtly bemg trarned by our government to save food and fuel and money, how much more ought we to be tramed rn savlng the nabon ~tself! * HICH ARE the most valuable c ~ t ~ z e for n s a country under the ternble stram of war, the man and woman who have * * * ch~ldrena s fast as ~t1s phys~callyposs~bleto have them, regardWHAT TO DO ABOUT IT' less of whether there 1s money or strength enough to care for LORENCE KELLEY once hushed an applaudmg aud~enceby them, so that some of them d ~ eand the parents and ch~ldren saymg, "don't spend any of your v ~ t a l ~ appronng ty what I become more or less a dram on the communrty,+r the man and , quest~onIS, what are you golng to do about ~ t ? " woman who rntell~gently"space" them chrldren, so that those have s a ~ d the That IS what the Nat~onalLeague asks the readers of the who are born have a chance to hve, and the health and welfare Renew,-"what are you golng to do about 1t9" You belleve In of all concerned 1s conserved? bmth control Your subscrlptron to the Renew proves ~t PosWhlch of these f a m ~ h e sm l l be better able to render good srbly you are amply mformed on brrth control for the needs of servrce to the country dunng and after the war? your own personal Me, but what are you domg, what m l l you In other words, blrth control 1s the h~ghest,most f a r reachlng do,-to help the 40,000,000 men and women of thls country to kind of patrlotlsm MARY WARE DENNETT, understand the meanlng and benefits of blrth control and to help Executwe Secretary make ~tlegal for them to recewe conhaceptwe ~nformat~on? TO THE STATE LEGISLATURE W TO THE CONGRESS OF T E E UNITED STATES As a voter of t h ~ state, s I hereby urge you to secure the amendment of the penal law, so that gwmg lnformat~on concernmg methods of blrth control by the avordance of conceptron may no longer be classed a s a cnme m the laws of thls state As a voter, I hereby urge you to secure the amendment of the Federal Penal Code so that the transportation of mformat~onconcernlng methods of blrth control by the avoldance of concept~onmay no longer be classed a s a crlme m the laws of thrs country Name Name Address Address S ~ g nand return to Slgn and return to The Natronal Buth Control League I00 PUtb A ~ e n n e - New York Cltl The Nat~onalBmth Control League ZOO PUth Arenmt - Now York Citl The Btrth Control Remew 16 HYMN OF THE UNBORN BABE T OF THE Land of Chddren's Souls, 0 bComes forth t h ~ scry unceasingly "Mother of mme, mother-to-be, Oh, bear me not unn ~llingly1 I ask not life, but if you gve, Oh, grant me then the chance to lwei "Not one of an unwelcome brood, Whose verv Dresence doth intrude Upon an anwous mothers care, Of which too many clam a share < "Are poverty, disease and crime, l h e heritage that come w ~ t htime? If such be my unhappy lot, I conj~irethee, Oh, bear me not 1 "I come, I come on hopes soft wings Wlth f a ~ t hand love my offermg\, LIPSto be kissed w ~ t hlove-lit eyes, Smdes that were formed in Paradise . "Oh, f i r , far better not he born 1 han agmg one already .u orn 1 For I would have mv comlnrr - be, A source of joy and hope to thee "If blows and curses be my fate, Oh, you can turn my love to hate 1 Mme IS the r ~ g h to t love and joy Create not, ~f SOU must destroy 1" A Fr~end