preliminary report - Ministerio de Telecomunicaciones y de la

Transcripción

ECUADOR
PRELIMINARY
REPORT
WORLDSUMMITONTHE
INFORMATIONSOCIETY
(WSIS)TARGETS
EXECUTIVE DIRECTION
Ing. Jaime Guerrero, Ministro de Telecomunicaciones y Sociedad de la Información
Ing. Augusto Espín, Viceministro de Telecomunicaciones y Sociedad de la Información
Ing. Rubén León, Secretario Nacional de Telecomunicaciones
Ing. Cecilia Jaramillo, Asesora Institucional de la Secretaría Nacional de Telecomunicaciones
Ing. Christian Rivera, Director General de Gestión de los Servicios de Telecomunicaciones (E)
Ing. Patricia Trujillo, Directora General de Planificación de las Telecomunicaciones (P)
Ing. Natalia Martínez, Directora General de Gestión del Espectro Radioeléctrico
DRAFTING GROUP
Ing. Mónica Riofrío, DGGER
Ing. Harold Miranda, DGGER
Ing. Giovana Méndez, DGGER
Ing. Carlos Fco. Navas DGGER
Ing. María Luisa Perugachi, DGGST
Ing. Edwin Alberca, DGGST
Ing. Roberto Moreano, DGPT
Srta. Daniela Estrella, DGPT
TECHNICAL CONTENT
Ing. Mónica Riofrío
Ing. Harold Miranda
Ing. Giovana Méndez
Ing. Katty Ramírez
Sr. Diego Acosta
Ing. Henry Carvajal
Ing. Silvana Guayaquil
Ing. Miguel Villacís
Ing. Katty Ramírez
Ing. Ramiro Andrade
Ing. María Luisa Perugachi
Ing. Edwin Alberca
Ing. Santiago Guamialamá
Ing. Sandra Sánchez
Ing. Juan Francisco Morejón
Tlga. Karen Alvarado
Ing. Natalia Fernández
Sr. Edison Santacruz
Sr. David Chiluisa
Sr. Leandro Bermúdez
Ing. Roberto Moreano
Srta. Daniela Estrella
Srta. Liliana Chimborazo
Sr. David Guerrero
Sr. Juan Carlos Jiménez
Srta. Nathaly Orozco
Ing. Jessica García
Srta. María José Salazar
Srta. Paola Chicaiza
SPECIAL THANKS
Ministerio de Telecomunicaciones y de la Sociedad de la Información Secretaría Nacional de la Administración Pública y Subsecretaría de Informática de la
Presidencia de la República, Ministerio de Educación, Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Comercio e Integración, Ministerio de Finanzas, Ministerio de Salud
Pública, Ministerio de Cultura, Consejo Nacional de Archivos, Asociación de Municipalidades de Ecuador (AME), Gobiernos Provinciales del Ecuador, Instituto
Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos (INEC), Consorcio Ecuatoriano para el Desarrollo del Internet Avanzado (CEDIA), Archivo Nacional del Ecuador (ANE).
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................... 3 1. TARGET 1: TO CONNECT VILLAGES WITH ICTs AND ESTABLISH
COMMUNITY ACCESS POINTS ............................................................................................. 5 1.1. RURAL POPULATION COVERED BY A MOBILE CELLULAR
TELEPHONE NETWORK, BROKEN DOWN BY TECHNOLOGY ............................. 5 1.1.1. Introduction .......................................................................................................... 5 1.1.2. Indicator Methodology ........................................................................................ 6 1.1.3. Indicator State ..................................................................................................... 6 1.1.4. Conclusions and Recommendations ............................................................... 8 1.2. RURAL HOUSEHOLDS WITH A TELEPHONE, BY TYPE OF SERVICE
(FIXED AND/OR MOBILE, MOBILE ONLY, FIXED ONLY) ........................................ 9 1.2.1. Introduction .......................................................................................................... 9 1.2.2. Indicator Methodology ........................................................................................ 9 1.2.3. Indicator State ..................................................................................................... 9 1.2.4. Conclusions and Recommendations ............................................................. 10 1.3. RURAL HOUSEHOLDS WITH INTERNET ACCESS, BY TYPE OF
ACCESS (NARROWBAND, BROADBAND) ............................................................. 11 1.3.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................ 11 1.3.2. Indicator Methodology ...................................................................................... 11 1.3.3. Indicator State ................................................................................................... 11 1.3.4. Conclusions and Recommendations ............................................................. 12 1.4. LOCALITIES WITH PUBLIC INTERNET ACCESS CENTRES (PIACS), BY
TYPE OF ACCESS AND URBAN/RURAL ................................................................ 12 1.4.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................ 12 1.4.2. Indicator Methodology ...................................................................................... 12 1.4.3. Indicator State ................................................................................................... 13 1.4.4. Conclusions and Recommendations ............................................................. 13 2. TARGET 2: TO CONNECT UNIVERSITIES, COLLEGES, SECONDARY
SCHOOLS AND PRIMARY SCHOOLS WITH ICTS .......................................................... 15 2.1. SCHOOLS WITH A RADIO USED FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES; .... 15 2.2. SCHOOLS WITH A TELEVISION USED FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES
15 2.2.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................ 15 2.2.2. Indicator Methodology ...................................................................................... 15 2.2.3. Indicator State ................................................................................................... 16 2.2.4. Conclusions and Recommendations ............................................................. 16 2.3. SCHOOLS WITH INTERNET ACCESS, BY TYPE OF ACCESS
(NARROWBAND, BROADBAND) ............................................................................. 17 2.3.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................ 17 2.3.2. Indicator Methodology ...................................................................................... 17 2.3.3. Indicator State ................................................................................................... 17 2.3.4. Conclusions and Recommendations ............................................................. 19 2.4. LEARNERS-TO-COMPUTER RATIO ........................................................ 19 2.4.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................ 19 2.4.2. Indicator Methodology ...................................................................................... 19 2.4.3. Indicator State ................................................................................................... 19 2.4.4. Conclusions and Recommendations ............................................................. 19 3. TARGET 3: TO CONNECT SCIENTIFIC AND RESEARCH CENTRES WITH ICTS
21 3.1. SCIENTIFIC AND RESEARCH CENTRES WITH BROADBAND INTERNET
ACCESS ................................................................................................................... 21 3.1.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................ 21 3.1.2. Indicator Methodology ...................................................................................... 21 3.1.3. Indicator State ................................................................................................... 22 3.1.4. Conclusions and Recommendations ............................................................. 23 3.2. PRESENCE OF A NATIONAL RESEARCH AND EDUCATION NETWORK
(NREN), BY BANDWIDTH CAPACITY (MBIT/S). ..................................................... 24 3.2.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................ 24 3.2.2. Indicator Methodology ...................................................................................... 24 3.2.3. Indicator State ................................................................................................... 24 3.2.4. Conclusions and Recommendations ............................................................. 26 3.3. NUMBER OF NREN NODES SCIENTIFIC AND RESEARCH CENTRES
CONNECTED TO THE NREN BY TYPE OF CONNECTION (NARROWBAND,
BROADBAND) .......................................................................................................... 26 3.3.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................ 26 3.3.2. Indicator Methodology ...................................................................................... 26 3.3.3. Indicator State ................................................................................................... 27 3.3.4. Conclusions and Recommendations ............................................................. 28 4. TARGET 4: TO CONNECT PUBLIC LIBRARIES, CULTURAL CENTRES,
MUSEUMS, POST OFFICES AND ARCHIVES WITH ICTs ............................................. 29 4.1. PUBLIC LIBRARIES WITH BROADBAND INTERNET ACCESS .............. 29 4.1.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................ 29 4.1.2. Indicator Methodology ...................................................................................... 29 4.1.3. Indicator State ................................................................................................... 29 4.1.4. Conclusions and Recommendations ............................................................. 30 4.2. PUBLIC LIBRARIES PROVIDING PUBLIC INTERNET ACCESS ............. 30 4.2.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................ 30 4.2.2. Indicator Methodology ...................................................................................... 31 4.2.3. Indicator State ................................................................................................... 31 4.2.4. Conclusions and Recommendations ............................................................. 31 4.3. PUBLIC LIBRARIES WITH A WEBSITE .................................................... 32 4.3.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................ 32 4.3.2. Indicator Methodology ...................................................................................... 32 4.3.3. Indicator State ................................................................................................... 32 4.3.4. Conclusions and Recommendations ............................................................. 33 4.4. MUSEUMS WITH BROADBAND INTERNET ACCESS ............................. 33 4.4.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................ 33 4.4.2. Indicator Methodology ...................................................................................... 33 4.4.3. Indicator State ................................................................................................... 33 4.4.4. Conclusions and Recommendations ............................................................. 35 4.5. MUSEUMS WITH A WEBSITE................................................................... 35 4.5.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................ 35 4.5.2. Indicator Methodology ...................................................................................... 35 4.5.3. Indicator State ................................................................................................... 36 4.5.4. Conclusions and Recommendations ............................................................. 36 4.6. ARCHIVES WITH BROADBAND INTERNET ACCESS ............................. 37 4.6.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................ 37 4.6.2. Indicator Methodology ...................................................................................... 37 4.6.3. Indicator State ................................................................................................... 37 4.6.4. Conclusions and Recommendations ............................................................. 38 4.7. ARCHIVES WITH A WEBSITE................................................................... 38 4.7.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................ 38 4.7.2. Indicator Methodology ...................................................................................... 39 4.7.3. Indicator State ................................................................................................... 39 4.7.4. Conclusions and Recommendations ............................................................. 40 5. TARGET 5: TO CONNECT HEALTH CENTRES AND HOSPITALS WITH ICTs .. 41 5.1. PUBLIC HOSPITALS WITH INTERNET ACCESS, BY TYPE OF ACCESS
(NARROWBAND, BROADBAND) ............................................................................. 42 5.1.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................ 42 5.1.2. Indicator Methodology ...................................................................................... 42 5.1.3. Indicator State ................................................................................................... 42 5.1.4. Conclusions and Recommendations ............................................................. 43 5.2. HEALTH CENTRES WITH INTERNET ACCESS, BY TYPE OF ACCESS
(NARROWBAND, BROADBAND) ............................................................................. 43 5.2.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................ 43 5.2.2. Indicator Methodology ...................................................................................... 43 5.2.3. Indicator State ................................................................................................... 44 5.2.4. Conclusions and Recommendations ............................................................. 45 5.3. PUBLIC HOSPITALS USING COMPUTERS/THE INTERNET TO
COLLECT/PROCESS/TRANSMIT INDIVIDUAL PATIENT INFORMATION ............ 45 5.3.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................ 45 5.3.2. Indicator Methodology ...................................................................................... 45 5.3.3. Indicator State ................................................................................................... 45 5.3.4. Conclusions and Recommendations ............................................................. 46 5.4. HEALTH CENTRES USING COMPUTERS/THE INTERNET TO
COLLECT/PROCESS/TRANSMIT INDIVIDUAL PATIENT INFORMATION ............ 46 5.4.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................ 46 5.4.2. Indicator Methodology ...................................................................................... 46 5.4.3. Indicator State ................................................................................................... 46 5.4.4. Conclusions and Recommendations ............................................................. 46 6. TARGET 6: TO CONNECT ALL LOCAL AND CENTRAL GOVERNMENT
DEPARTMENTS AND ESTABLISH WEBSITES AND E-MAIL ADDRESSES ............... 47 6.1. GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES USING THE INTERNET ........................... 47 6.1.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................ 47 6.1.2. Indicator Methodology ...................................................................................... 47 6.1.3. Indicator State ................................................................................................... 48 6.1.4. Conclusions and Recommendations ............................................................. 49 6.2. 6.2.1. GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES USING COMPUTERS .............................. 49 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 49 6.2.2. Indicator Methodology ...................................................................................... 49 6.2.3. Indicator State ................................................................................................... 50 6.2.4. Conclusions and Recommendations ............................................................. 51 6.3. GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS WITH INTERNET ACCESS, BY TYPE OF
ACCESS (NARROWBAND, BROADBAND) ............................................................. 51 6.3.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................ 51 6.3.2. Indicator Methodology ...................................................................................... 51 6.3.3. Indicator State ................................................................................................... 52 6.3.4. Conclusions and Recommendations ............................................................. 54 6.4. GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS WITH A WEBSITE ................................. 54 6.4.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................ 54 6.4.2. Indicator Methodology ...................................................................................... 55 6.4.3. Indicator State ................................................................................................... 56 6.4.4. Conclusions and Recommendations ............................................................. 57 6.5. GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS USING CORPORATE NETWORKS (LAN,
WAN, INTRANET, EXTRANET) ............................................................................... 58 6.5.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................ 58 6.5.2. Indicator Methodology ...................................................................................... 58 6.5.3. Indicator State ................................................................................................... 58 6.5.4. Conclusions and Recommendations ............................................................. 59 6.6. GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS OFFERING ONLINE SERVICES, BY
TYPE OF SERVICE (INTERACTIVE, TRANSACTIONAL, CONNECTED) .............. 59 6.6.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................ 59 6.6.2. Indicator Methodology ...................................................................................... 59 6.6.3. Indicator State ................................................................................................... 60 6.6.4. Conclusions and Recommendations ............................................................. 61 7. TARGET 7: TO ADAPT ALL PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOL
CURRICULA TO MEET THE CHALLENGES OF THE INFORMATION SOCIETY,
TAKING INTO ACCOUNT NATIONAL CIRUMSTANCES ................................................ 63 7.1. ICT-QUALIFIED TEACHERS IN PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS;63 7.2. TEACHERS TRAINED TO TEACH SUBJECTS USING ICT .................... 63 7.2.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................ 63 7.2.2. Indicator Methodology ...................................................................................... 63 7.2.3. Indicator State ................................................................................................... 63 7.2.4. Conclusions and Recommendations ............................................................. 64 7.3. SCHOOLS WITH COMPUTER-ASSISTED INSTRUCTION ...................... 64 7.3.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................ 64 7.3.2. Indicator Methodology ...................................................................................... 65 7.3.3. Indicator State ................................................................................................... 65 7.3.4. Conclusions and Recommendations ............................................................. 65 8. TARGET 8: TO ENSURE THAT ALL OF THE WORLD’S POPULATION HAVE
ACCESS TO TELEVISION AND RADIO SERVICES ......................................................... 66 8.1. HOUSEHOLDS WITH A RADIO................................................................. 66 8.1.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................ 66 8.1.2. Indicator Methodology ...................................................................................... 66 8.1.3. Indicator State ................................................................................................... 66 8.1.4. Conclusions and Recommendations ............................................................. 67 8.2. HOUSEHOLDS WITH A TV ....................................................................... 67 8.2.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................ 67 8.2.2. Indicator Methodology ...................................................................................... 67 8.2.3. Indicator State ................................................................................................... 68 8.2.4. Conclusions and Recommendations ............................................................. 68 8.3. HOUSEHOLDS WITH MULTICHANNEL TELEVISION SERVICE, BY TYPE
OF SERVICE ............................................................................................................ 69 8.3.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................ 69 8.3.2. Indicator Methodology ...................................................................................... 69 8.3.3. Indicator State ................................................................................................... 69 8.3.4. Conclusions and Recommendations ............................................................. 70 9. TARGET 9: TO ENCOURAGE THE DEVELOPMENT OF CONTENT AND PUT IN
PLACE TECHICAL CONDITIONS IN ORDER TO FACILITATE THE PRESENCE AND
USE OF ALL WORLD LANGUAGES ON THE INTERNET ............................................... 71 9.1. WEBDITES, BY LANGUAGE ..................................................................... 71 9.1.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................ 71 9.1.2. Indicator Methodology ...................................................................................... 71 9.1.3. Indicator State ................................................................................................... 71 9.1.4. Conclusions and Recommendations ............................................................. 72 10. TARGET 10: TO ENSURE THAT MORE THAN HALF THE WORLD’S
INHABITANTS HAVE ACCESS TO ICTS WITHIN THEIR REACH ................................. 73 10.1. MOBILE CELLULAR TELEPHONE SUBSCRIPTIONS PER 100
INHABITANTS .......................................................................................................... 73 10.1.1. Introduction .................................................................................................... 73 10.1.2. Indicator Methodology .................................................................................. 73 10.1.3. Indicator State ............................................................................................... 73 10.1.4. Conclusions and Recommendations ......................................................... 74 10.2. HOUSEHOLDS WITH ACCESS TO THE INTERNET, BY TYPE OF
ACCESS (NARROWBAND, BROADBAND) ............................................................. 74 10.2.1. Introduction .................................................................................................... 74 10.2.2. Indicator Methodology .................................................................................. 74 10.2.3. Indicator State ............................................................................................... 75 10.2.4. Conclusions and Recommendations ......................................................... 75 11. REFERENCES ............................................................................................................. 76 12. ANNEX 1 ........................................................................................................................ 82 LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. 1: Mobile Cellular Coverage (2G) ............................................................................ 7 Figure 1. 2: Mobile Cellular Coverage (3G) ............................................................................ 8 Figure 1. 3: Rural households with fixed telephone .............................................................. 9 Figure 1. 4: Rural households with mobile telephone ......................................................... 10 Figure 1. 5: Rural households with Internet access ............................................................ 11 Figure 1. 6: N° Localities with public Internet access (registered cybercafés) ............... 13 Figure 2. 1: Educational institutions with audiovisual room ............................................... 16 Figure 2. 2: Educational Institutions with Internet access for educational purpose ....... 18 Figure 3. 1: Scientific and research centres with broadband Internet access ( > 256
Kbps < 2 Mbps) ......................................................................................................................... 22 Figure 3. 2: Scientific and research centres with broadband Internet access (> 2 Mbps)
..................................................................................................................................................... 22 Figure 3. 3: Percentage scientific and research centres (universities) with broadband
Internet access ( > 256 Kbps < 2 Mbps) ............................................................................... 23 Figure 3. 4: Percentage scientific and research centres (universities) with broadband
Internet access ( > 2 Mbps) .................................................................................................... 23 Figure 3. 5: Internet Connection NREN (Mbps) ................................................................... 25 Figure 3. 6: Universities connected to the NREN by type of connection (Narrowband,
Broadband) ................................................................................................................................ 27 Figure 3. 7: Universities connected to the NREN by type of connection ......................... 28 Figure 4. 1: Public libraries with Internet access - broadband ........................................... 30 Figure 4. 2: Public libraries with Internet access ................................................................. 31 Figure 4. 3: Public libraries with a website in Ecuador ....................................................... 32 Figure 4. 4: Museums with Internet access .......................................................................... 34 Figure 4. 5: Museums with a website .................................................................................... 36 Figure 4. 6: Archives with broadband Internet access ........................................................ 38 Figure 4. 7: Archives with website ......................................................................................... 39 Figure 5. 1: Public hospital (MSP) with Internet access ..................................................... 42 Figure 5. 2: Health centres with Internet access ................................................................. 44 Figure 5. 3: Health community centres with Internet access ............................................. 44 Figure 5. 4: Medical records at Public Hospitals using Computers/The Internet to
Collect/Process/Transmit Individual Patient Information .................................................... 45 Figure 5. 5: Medical records at health centres ..................................................................... 46 Figure 6. 1: N° Municipal employees vs. Municipal employees with Internet access .... 48 Figure 6. 2: Provincial government employees vs. Provincial government employees
with Internet access ................................................................................................................. 48 Figure 6. 3: N° Municipal employees using computers ...................................................... 50 Figure 6. 4: Provincial government employees using compurters .................................... 50 Figure 6. 5: Government institutions with Internet access ................................................. 53 Figure 6. 6: Local government (Municipalities) with Internet access ................................ 53 Figure 6. 7: Local governments (Provincials Councils) with Internet access .................. 54 Figure 6. 8: Government institutions with a website ........................................................... 56 Figure 6. 9: Municipalities with a website ............................................................................. 57 Figure 6. 10: Percentage Municipalities using Corporate Networks ................................. 58 Figure 6. 11: Government institutions offering online services ......................................... 60 Figure 6. 12: Municipalities e-government stage with online services ............................. 61 Figure 7. 1: Adapt the curriculum of primary and secondary achievement of objectives
of the Information Society, ITCs ............................................................................................. 64 Figure 7. 2: Adapt the curriculum of primary and secondary achievement of objectives
of the Information Society, ITCs ............................................................................................. 65 Figure 8. 1: Households with a radio ..................................................................................... 67 Figure 8. 2: Households with a TV ......................................................................................... 68 Figure 8. 3: Households with multichannel television service ........................................... 70 Figure 9. 1: Websites for language- Ecuador ...................................................................... 72 LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. 1: Rural households with a fixed Telephone ........................................................... 9 Table 1. 2: Rural households with a mobile Telephone ..................................................... 10 Table 1. 3: Rural households with Internet access, by type of access (narrowband,
broadband) ................................................................................................................................ 11 Table 1. 4: Localities with public Internet access centre by type of access .................... 13 Table 2. 1: Schools with a television used for educational purposes ............................... 16 Table 2. 2: Percentage of schools with Internet access ..................................................... 18 Table 3. 1 Ecuadorian Internet Connection .......................................................................... 25 Tabla 3. 2 Ecuadorian Internet Connection .......................................................................... 25 Table 3. 3: Universities connected to the Ecuadorian CEDIA Network ........................... 27 Table 3. 4 Universities connected to the NREN CEDIA (256 kbps) ................................. 28 Table 4. 1: Public libraries in Ecuador ................................................................................... 29 Table 4. 2: Public libraries in Ecuador ................................................................................... 31 Table 4. 3: Public libraries in Ecuador ................................................................................... 32 Table 4. 4 Museums with Internet access ............................................................................ 34 Table 4. 5: Museums with broadband Internet access ....................................................... 35 Table 4. 6: Museums with a website ..................................................................................... 36 Table 5. 1: MSP Health Services ........................................................................................... 41 Table 6. 1: Percentage of government institutions with Internet access, by type of
access ........................................................................................................................................ 52 Table 6. 2: Total central government institutions ................................................................. 56 Table 6. 3: e-government stages ........................................................................................... 60 Table 7. 1: Teaching and studying programs (Primary and Secondary Schools) .......... 64 Table 8. 1: Households with a radio ...................................................................................... 66 Table 8. 2: Households with a TV .......................................................................................... 68 Table 8. 3: Households with multichannel television service, by type of service ........... 69 Table 9. 1: Websites by language .......................................................................................... 71 INTRODUCTION
This work represents the synthesis of effort performed by the Ministerio de Telecomunicaciones
y Sociedad de la Información (MINTEL) and Secretaría Nacional de Telecomunicaciones
(SENATEL) to obtain a preliminary radiography of impact of the Information and Communication
Technologies in several important sectors of the society.
The World Summit on Information Society (WSIS), held in two phases in 2003 and 2005, left an
unfinished task to members of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and the global
village in general, which, build an equitable and inclusive information society that tends to
provide equal development opportunities to everyone in the world and on the same terms.
Within this context, the telecommunication authorities of Ecuadorian Government have made a
preliminary assessment of indicators established on the "World Development Report of
Telecommunications / ICT 2010 - Verification of the WSIS objectives" that allows for a pattern to
analyze the performance of stated goals, to reinforce the work that has been going on, and to
define strategies to impulse initiatives from the public, private and civil sectors, and to contribute
together in meeting the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).
This preliminary report permits us to observe the significant progress achieved in Ecuador in
regard to access and use of ICT in the fields of infrastructure for access, health, education,
government, etc. The product is a result of efforts from different sectors of the society.
However, it is clear that a lot of remains to be done; for this reason, is essential to implement
coordination mechanisms for evaluation and monitoring of the various stakeholders projects,
that permit and facilitate the analysis of compliance of initiatives, objectives and projects
proposed; and execute measurement procedures of the indicators established with the ultimate
goal of ensuring the successful achievement of the goals outlined in the WSIS.
1 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Republic of Ecuador through MINTEL which define telecommunication and ICT policies,
and SENATEL as performer of these policies, are executing strategies in the
telecommunications sector, aimed at meeting the needs of the population, with the firm
conviction to ensure the democratization of Information Technologies and Communication to the
population, increasing and improving the telecommunications infrastructure.
This preliminary report identifies the procedures adopted to obtain the necessary information to
provide a clear picture of ICT uses in Ecuador.
Next, an overview regards ICT indicators in Ecuador:
There are several programs to connect high schools and elementary schools and encourage the
growth of Internet access, such as the initiative of Banco del Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad
Social (BIESS) that thanks to the successful strategic alliance among this Institution, the
Corporación Nacional de Telecomunicaciones (CNT - EP), Microsoft, Intel and Xtratech have
allowed the delivery of equipment with advanced technology, differenciated price, genuine
software, with warranty and quality for members and retired people to the IESS.
The rate or percentage of schools that have audiovisual rooms, like a very close approximation
to the schools that use radio and television with educational purposes, is still low in the country,
since in 2009 there was 7% and in 2010 there was an 8%.
Ecuador has 49 scientific and research centers. 15 of them are public universities and all of
them, have now access to the Internet, enabling the development of technological advances in
the higher educational level.
The Ecuadorian government has made an effort of great magnitude to improve the bandwidth of
the public universities, increasing the percentage of scientific and research centers with access
to the Internet via broadband at 2 Mbps greater than 69% in 2006 to 100% in 2010.
The National Network of Education and Research (NRENs), began with a total capacity of 450
Mbps connection in 2009, now connect its members with a capacity of 1Gbps.
There is a positive evolution of the available bandwidth of science centers and public research
(universities) to connect to the NRENs, enabling knowledge transfer and collaboration between
countries for development. The average of the Internet connection for universities which are
members of the research network is broadband, with a growth of 60.14 Mbps to 722.24 Mbps
(2006-2011).
The network Consorcio Ecuatoriano para el Desarrollo de Internet Avanzado (CEDIA) is the
best network for broadband connectivity nationwide, and has been a prominent growth in recent
years.
The statistics show the low level of access to information technologies and communication in
the archives sector in the country. However, this sector has understood the importance of these
tools, and currently is considering several projects in this regard. On the other hand, it is
important to note that websites of the Archives have not been yet fully developed, but are on
track, so much so that they are developing organization projects and information management
and especially to the qualifications and guidelines are developed for online publications for the
content of the Archives of the country, needed to strengthen the knowledge and access to
Information Society. This work will help to promote cultural heritage, strengthening and training
the country's identity.
3 On the issue of health, the information obtained reflects the impulse given by the Government to
promote that all public hospitals have Internet access to execute applications that many
agencies provide through access to web sites.
The results concerning the impact of ICT in local and central governments, show that the
number of officials connected does not exceed 50%. Although this value is encouraging, it is
necessary to continue the policies and strategies to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency in
public management and administration through the use of ICT. However, the result obtained in
the last four years (2006-2010), shows that the trend of Internet access by type of access has
changed dramatically, taking in 2006 use 90% of narrow band, and in 2010 to 80 % of access is
of broadband. The public entities in Ecuador have implemented in their websites online services
in different stages of e-government (connected, interactive or transactional), with the principal
goal to offering citizens better and more efficient services, and results in automation of
optimizing the time management.
Most of the local and provincial governments are on line, which represents a breakthrough in
terms of information that citizens could access and which is available through Internet. It should
also be noted that the Law on Transparency and Access to Public Information, established the
obligation must have a website where the citizens can find information on government
management, which is considered as an important element that has contributed to the largescale deployment of websites, particularly in the last 10 years.
In relation to language, it is necessary to emphasize that Ecuador is dominated by Spanishlanguage websites; In our country, there are three pages shared between Spanish and Quichua
(Kitchwa).
With this report, the telecommunication authorities of Ecuadorian Government presented a
preliminary work, which despite not having complete information about the ICT access, however
reflects the development of telecommunications and ICT in general and their important
contribution in various sectors of our country.
This document, together with the "Telecommunications Sector Analysis" recently developed by
the Secretaría Nacional de Telecomunicaciones, that outlines the current state of the sector, will
be a valuable reference in the definition of the National Broadband Plan in Ecuador, which is
being developed with the guidance of the Ministerio de Telecomunicaciones y de la Sociedad
de la Información (MINTEL). This plan is considered as an important element of the regulatory
agenda for 2010-2015 period, undoubtedly will strengthen regulatory decisions designed to
comply with the National Plan for Good Living (2009-2013).
The development of telecommunications as a strategic sector emanating from the Constitution
of the Republic of Ecuador, involves the development of several important sectors in the growth
of our country, so our commitment is to help the citizen revolution to advance.
4 PRELIMINARY REPORT
WORLD SUMMIT ON THE INFORMATION SOCIETY (WSIS)
TARGETS
1. TARGET 1: TO CONNECT VILLAGES WITH ICTs AND ESTABLISH COMMUNITY
ACCESS POINTS
This objective measures the penetration of ICT in urban and rural areas, which is consistent
with the fundamental goal of the objective that was formulated to ensure that all people will
be part of the information society. Rural areas can benefit from the connectivity because
through it can be made available to services such as tele-medicine, tele-education among
others.
This goal also recognizes the need to ensure the availability of public Internet access, fixed
and mobile telephony.
1.1. RURAL POPULATION COVERED BY A MOBILE CELLULAR TELEPHONE
NETWORK, BROKEN DOWN BY TECHNOLOGY
1.1.1.Introduction
Wireless communications systems have become the fastest-growing and largest in the
different areas of telecommunications. There should be special emphasis in the benefits
of mobile cellular systems, which opens the door for access to Internet services and
multimedia applications using mobile devices.
Moreover, it is important to consider the constant innovation of mobile systems, and the
continued use of current technologies of second generation (2G) and Global System for
Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data rates for GSM of Evolution (EDGE)
and CDMA2000, have allowed most of the Ecuadorian population has access to mobile
cellular networks, while technologies for third generation (3G) and Universal mobile
Telecommunications System / High-Speed Packet Access (UMTS / HSPA),
technological advantages were significantly increased by broadband services.
Therefore, an indicator has been defined in terms of coverage, which sets the
percentage of the Ecuadorian population (urban and rural) have access to mobile
cellular networks and specifically to the 2G and 3G technologies.
5 1.1.2.Indicator Methodology
The coverage ratio indicator was determined based on the location of the base stations
of the operators of advanced mobile services (EMS) and hence the coverage of the
same on each of the parishes of Ecuador. In addition, it was determined by the country
parishes which have coverage of mobile cellular networks belonging to the three
operators currently have the Ecuador for this service.
Later, using the population of each parish, it was determined by the number of people
who have access to mobile cellular telephone services. It should be noted that these
were classified into urban and rural parishes, according to the provisions of the Instituto
Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos (INEC).
Finally, the number of people in urban and rural areas with access to mobile systems
whether they are 2G or 3G, is represented as a percentage, depending on the total
population of Ecuador.
The indicator obtained in the first instance will establish the percentage of urban and
rural Ecuadorian population that has access to the services offered through mobile
cellular telephone networks. Moreover, it will know the percentage of users who have
access to mobile broadband applications, depending on the technology, i.e., 2G or 3G.
For our country is very helpful to have this indicator, because it contributes to the
development of plans and projects to allow access in mobile cellular phone coverage to
areas where currently there aren´t coverage and will also contribute to improving the
quality of service in places that now have these technologies.
1.1.3.Indicator State
In Ecuador currently the operators have deployed mobile networks in second and third
generation. The 2G systems entered Ecuador in 2003 and since then, have installed
base stations with this technology quickly. For the year 2006, the 82.82% of the
population had coverage with this technology.
95.81% of urban population is covered, while 47.84% of people in rural areas are
covered by 2G technology.
In 2008, coverage in rural areas with 2G technology was equal to 64.6%, a percentage
close to that determined by the ITU for the Americas which is 70%. Currently, coverage
of 2G technologies in rural areas is equal to 77.41% and it is estimated that by 2013 the
coverage will increase by more than 6% in rural areas.
6 Figure 1. 1: Mobile Cellular Coverage (2G)
UMTS technology is considered as third generation. It was deployed in Ecuador in early
2008, it provides voice, but is primarily used to provide broadband services by
operators. The deployment of this technology was fast. 66.01% and 18.59% of the
urban and rural population respectively, were covered with this technology by the end of
2008.
The current coverage of 3G systems in Ecuador is about 78.52% for the population in
urban areas and 33.45% for the population living in rural areas. Is expected that with the
deployment of this technology there will be increase in the coverage of 9%
approximately in both urban and rural areas by 2013, because the rate of growth in both
areas has been similar since its implementation.
7 Figure 1. 2: Mobile Cellular Coverage (3G)
The coverage of mobile telephony in Ecuador is practically with 2G systems, this is
because these systems were deployed a time before the 3G systems and additionally,
UMTS is deployed mainly in urban areas that require greater capacity for data traffic.
It is expected that by the year 2013, the nationwide coverage will exceed 95%,
regardless of whether 2G or 3G systems are used to cover the population that currently
has no mobile phone coverage.
1.1.4.Conclusions and Recommendations
Today, the mobile cellular phone coverage in Ecuador is similar to the average
determined for the Americas for the ITU. However, it is important to ensure that the
coverage in the country must overcome the projections made for the coming years.
The state should ensure that UMTS will be deployed equally in urban and rural areas,
this is in order to ensure that all Ecuadorians have access to wireless broadband
services.
The urban areas in Ecuador are almost fully covered, and this is the reason why the
government and operators have created new projects that contribute to the deployment
of telecommunications networks in rural areas of the country, which could even exceed
the projected coverage established for the next three years.
8 1.2. RURAL HOUSEHOLDS WITH A TELEPHONE, BY TYPE OF SERVICE (FIXED
AND/OR MOBILE, MOBILE ONLY, FIXED ONLY)
1.2.1.Introduction
One way to measure the level of ICT access in rural areas is to determine the access to
fixed and mobile telephony services at homes. This indicator is a key measure of
universal service.
1.2.2.Indicator Methodology
This indicator is obtained through surveys conducted by the Instittuto Nacional de
Estadísticas y Censos (INEC). This entity has been developing a project to obtain a list
of indicators for measuring ICT, for the periods 2008, 2009 and 2010.
Information
Rural households with fixed telephone
2006 2007
N.A.
N.A.
2008
2009
2010
9.60% 11.30% 13.20%
Table 1. 1: Rural households with a fixed Telephone
Figure 1. 3: Rural households with fixed telephone
9 This indicator has had a favorable growth from the year 2008. The data for previous
years is not available. Operators, central governments and the state seek to promote
further growth of ICT accessibility, the constant installation of switching centers that
connected a larger number of rural areas as much as possible.
Information
Rural households with mobile telephone
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
N.A.
N.A.
51%
58%
68%
Table 1. 2: Rural households with a mobile Telephone
Figure 1. 4: Rural households with mobile telephone
The features of high mobility and ease of mobile service, has enabled a steady growth
in this service.
In low-income countries, policies should focus more on universal access to improve the
coverage and delivery of services to the community for fixed or mobile telephony
services.
10 1.3. RURAL HOUSEHOLDS WITH INTERNET ACCESS, BY TYPE OF ACCESS
(NARROWBAND, BROADBAND)
1.3.1.Introduction
This indicator shows a deficiency of Internet access in rural households. Although the
Internet continues to expand rapidly, even in rural areas, the connectivity in these areas
remains limited.
This indicator is obtained through surveys conducted by the Instituto Nacional de
Estadísticas y Censos (INEC). This entity has been developing a project to obtain a list
of indicators for measuring ICT, for the periods 2008, 2009 and 2010.
Information
2006 2007
Rural households with Internet access N.D.
2008
2009
2010
N.D. 0.90% 0.70% 1.30%
Table 1. 3: Rural households with Internet access, by type of access (narrowband, broadband)
Figure 1. 5: Rural households with Internet access
11 1.3.4.Conclusions and Recommendations
The Internet access especially in rural areas is limited, although there has been growth
by 2010. There are several programs that encourage this growth, like the initiative of the
Banco del Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social (BIESS) that thanks to the
successful strategic alliance with the Corporación Nacional de Telecomunicaciones
CNT EP, Microsoft, Intel and Xtratech have allowed the delivery of equipment, with
differential pricing, and genuine software, warranty and quality for members and retired
people to the Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social.
1.4. LOCALITIES WITH PUBLIC INTERNET ACCESS CENTRES (PIACS), BY TYPE OF
ACCESS AND URBAN/RURAL
1.4.1.Introduction
Resolution N° 073-02-CONATEL-2005 of January 25th, 2005, published in Official
Gazette No. 257 of February 18th, 2005; contain the regulation for Internet Access
Centres and cybercafés. This resolution considers the payment of a registry value and
certification through a process that is done in person.
From 2005 to 2009 were registered in SENATEL approximately an average of three
hundred Internet Access Centres, when it was known unofficially, that in our country
there were an older number of these centres.
These Centres have contributed to the massification of the Internet, especially for the
low level of Internet penetration that still exists in the country at the household level,
especially in rural and suburban areas.
Due to technological advances and security in message delivery, guaranteed through
the implementation of the Law on Electronic Commerce, Electronic Signatures and Data
Messages, it became necessary to consider procedures to attend the users through
electronic ways.
For these reasons the Consejo Nacional de Telecomunicaciones (CONATEL) with
Resolution 132-05-CONATEL-2009 March 31th, 2009 issued new regulations on
access centres to information and applications available on the Internet (known such as
Internet cafes), which considers an online registration without cost, achieving a
substantial increment in registration of such centers.
Information extracted from online records through the website www.conatel.gob.ec and
granted a certificate of registration and also online through e-mail by the SENATEL.
12 1.4.3.Indicator State
The indicator represents the record of Centres of Information and applications available
on the web (Internet cafes).
Figure 1. 6: N° Localities with public Internet access (registered cybercafés)
Year
2006
Records
280
1
2007
290
2
2008 2009 2010 2011
307
1355 1860
3
1926
Table 1. 4: Localities with public Internet access centre by type of access
The information provided by the Ministerio de Telecomuniaciones y Sociedad de la
Información (MINTEL) is only available for 2010. And in this entity there are projects
that will allow growth in the coming years.
Ecuador has up to 1926 centres for access to information and applications available on
the Internet, known as registered Internet cafes till may 2011.
With the new regulation issued by the CONATEL in 2009, there is a significant increase
in such registration, in view of the facilities for it, since it is online and without cost.
1
Anual Average
Anual Average
3
May 2011
2
13 14 2. TARGET 2: TO CONNECT UNIVERSITIES, COLLEGES, SECONDARY SCHOOLS AND
PRIMARY SCHOOLS WITH ICTS
Target 2 recognizes many benefits of access to ICT infrastructure in education systems.
ICT connectivity in schools provides students new resources and teaching tools, enables
them to acquire the skills needed in the information society, improving administrative
processes and provides support for teachers training. Outside school hours, schools with
access to ICT provide access to the community, including marginalized groups.
2.1. SCHOOLS WITH A RADIO USED FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES;
2.2. SCHOOLS WITH A TELEVISION USED FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES 4
2.2.1.Introduction
Educational institutions (schools and colleges) could access educational content
through radio and television as a valid alternative to access to computers. The
measurement of educational institutions that have audiovisual rooms can be taken as a
measure very close to that required by the ITU through the World Summit on the
Information Society (WSIS), due to the information available to schools with radio and
television for educational purposes is not available at this time.
This indicator is obtained through information provided by the Ministerio de Educación
del Ecuador, through the Dirección del Sistema Integrado de Tecnología para la
Escuelas y la Comunidad (SITEC), which has been developing a project for indicators
survey and measurement of ICT penetration.
The information provided by SITEC is not directly related to indicators of schools that
have radio and television devices for educational purposes, the information
corresponded to educational institutions (schools and colleges) that have audio-visual
room.
4
Both 2.1. and 2.2. indicators are included in the same analyze
Figure 2. 1: Educational institutions with audiovisual room
2009
2010
Educative Institutions
Índice
Total
%
index
total
%
Fiscal
486
18691
3%
524
18662
3%
Fiscomisional
108
713
15%
120
673
18%
Municipal
18
415
4%
22
345
6%
Particular
1.326
6582
20%
1.388
6201
22%
Total
1.938
26401
7%
2.054
25881
8%
Table 2. 1: Schools with a television used for educational purposes
The information presented in the Figure shows the total number of educational
institutions disaggregated by type of school, that is, public and private. In addition,
presents the total institutions with audiovisual room for 2009 and 2010. Above
information is not presented because the data are not available.
The number of educational institutions with an audiovisual room, radio and television for
educational purposes could be considered low in the country. In 2009 there were 1938
institutions from 26,401 in total which corresponds to 7%, in 2010 a slight increase to
2054 from 25,881 institutions, which corresponds to 8%.
16 2.3. SCHOOLS WITH INTERNET ACCESS, BY TYPE OF ACCESS (NARROWBAND,
BROADBAND)
2.3.1.Introduction
Throughout the time, education has seen the need to incorporate ICT intensively, which
has been evolved in different stages.
Several concepts describe this phenomenon: computer-assisted instruction, educational
multimedia, distance education, web-based learning, e-Learning, etc.
ICT is considered a powerful tool that can substantially improve the quality of teaching.
The curriculum, teaching and learning materials, can generate an integration technology
that can be helpful for the teacher.
The measurement of this indicator was obtained through information provided by the
Ministerio de Educación del Ecuador, through the Dirección del Sistema Integrado de
Tecnología para la Escuelas y la Comunidad (SITEC) of its Archivo Maestro de
Instituciones Educativas (AMIE), which has been developing a project to lifting of
indicators for measuring ICT.
The SITEC information doesn’t contain data about the type of access (narrowband or
broadband), but provides very interesting and useful information about the type of
educational institution in Ecuador, such as public and private for the years 2009 and
2010. Unfortunately no historical information was obtained from 2006 to 2008, due to
the Ministerio de Educación did not have that information.
The following Figure presents data for 2009 and 2010 years with regard to the number
of educational institutions public and private that have access to the Internet.
Also show the increment in the number of institutions with access to Internet in 2009
and 2010 years.
17 Figure 2. 2: Educational Institutions with Internet access for educational purpose
In order to have a better idea of the number of educational institutions with access to
Internet in Ecuador, it developed a new Figure showing the relationship or percentage
rate.
This Figure shows that private educational institutions have a higher percentage of
institutions with access to Internet than public ones. We can also see that of all
educational institutions, a 15% had Internet access in 2009. By 2010, we can see an
increment of 3 point percentage.
2009
Educative Institutions
Fiscal
index
2010
Total
%
index
Total
%
1.673 18691
9%
1.990 18662 11%
Fiscomisional
197
713
28%
213
673
32%
Municipal
24
415
6%
44
345
13%
Particular
2.116
6582
32% 2.313
6201
37%
Total
4.010 26401 15% 4.560 25881 18%
Table 2. 2: Percentage of schools with Internet access
The information obtained shows that the percentage of Internet access in educational
entities in Ecuador is still low if we consider that in 2010 only 18% of the institutions had
had access to Internet.
We could also conclude that the private educative institutions have an older access to
Internet before the public ones.
2.4. LEARNERS-TO-COMPUTER RATIO
2.4.1.Introduction
The computer now becomes a major element in the learning process of students,
accompanied by connectivity, access to information, communication and networking
and collaborative work.
This indicator was provided by the Ministerio de Educación del Ecuador.
Each school records its own computer infrastructure. The Ministerio de Educación
collects and stores that information in the Archivo Maestro de Instituciones Educativas
(AMIE).
The base is used to define the number of students per computer 1 computer for 25
students.
The indicator provided by the Ministerio de Educación defines that the number of
students per computer is 25 students.
19 20 3. TARGET 3: TO CONNECT SCIENTIFIC AND RESEARCH CENTRES WITH ICTS
Target 3 is aimed at connecting scientists and research centers with ICT, as well as monitoring
cooperation among stakeholders, i.e. State, Universities and Research Centers, which should
promote affordable and reliable Internet connection with high speed for all universities and
research institutions, thus facilitating knowledge sharing among these institutions.
The connection between scientific and research centres and universities in a national network of
education and research (NRENs), plays a fundamental role in information and knowledge
production, scientific discoveries, could also help in promoting the human capital and economic
development. It is therefore essential to encourage access to ICT for scientific research and
monitoring of the power and range of academic and research networks around the world.
In Ecuador’s case there is great progress in access to the Internet via broadband, in scientific
and research centers including universities, reaching in most cases up to 100 percent on the
indicator by 2010.
3.1. SCIENTIFIC AND RESEARCH CENTRES WITH BROADBAND INTERNET ACCESS
3.1.1.Introduction
The centers of scientific and research institutes are named in Ecuador as those entities
that in their work have a space exclusively for the investigation of a particular topic.
By 2010 there were 49 scientific research centers in Ecuador, which is segmented into
the following categories:
15 public universities;
11 scientific and research centers both public and private, dedicated solely to this
purpose.
23 scientific and research centers located in private universities.
For the preparation of this indicator, information was obtained from the government
agency called the Secretaría Nacional de Educación Superior Ciencia y Tecnología
(SENESCYT) responsible for regulation of higher education and research.
Telephone inquiries were made to each of science centers and public research
(universities) that are part of the statistics.
For presentation of results is considered as broadband, the Internet access at speeds
above 256 Kbps due to the regulation of Ecuador and speeds above 2 Mbps as
recommended by the ITU.
Then there is the increasing number of scientists and research centers (public
universities) with access to the Internet between the period of 2006 2010.
Figure 3. 1: Scientific and research centres with broadband Internet access ( > 256 Kbps < 2 Mbps)
Figure 3. 2: Scientific and research centres with broadband Internet access (> 2 Mbps)
22 Figure 3. 3: Percentage scientific and research centres (universities) with broadband Internet access ( > 256
Kbps < 2 Mbps)
Figure 3. 4: Percentage scientific and research centres (universities) with broadband Internet access ( > 2
Mbps)
Ecuador has 49 scientific and research centers, of which 15 are public universities and
now, all of them, have Internet access.
The Ecuadorian government has conducted a big effort to improve the bandwidth of the
research centers (public universities), increasing the percentage of scientific and
research centers with Internet access via broadband.
23 3.2. PRESENCE OF A NATIONAL RESEARCH AND EDUCATION NETWORK (NREN),
BY BANDWIDTH CAPACITY (MBIT/S).
3.2.1.Introduction
In Ecuador there is a national network of education and research called Consorcio
Ecuatoriano para el Desarrollo del Internet Avanzado (CEDIA), which began in Ecuador
in 2003, being a member of the Corporación Latinoamericana de Redes Avanzadas
(CLARA) also created in the same year, since then its members have been increasing
until today and have a total of 26 members.
CEDIA is made up of higher education institutions (public and private), government
agencies, research institutions and development. This network began with a 450 Mbps
connection at the beginning of 2009, which physically binds to all member of CEDIA.
Currently, the members of CEDIA internally are connected with a fiber ring to 1 Gbps.
CEDIA is connected internationally with the CLARA network since 2006, increasing its
speed from 10 Mbps to 22.5 Mbps in 2009 and then to 45 Mbps between 2010 and
2011. Its growth is expected to be up to 155 Mbps in 2013.
One advantage of the CEDIA network related to the ability to connect to the Internet, is
the fact that has a contract to lease capacity global Internet, this makes them lower
costs, which allows universities to keep connected with affordable costs. The provider of
networking infrastructure is one.
CEDIA has historical information on capacity growth of the network from early 2009, so
for this indicator is taken as the value of 2006 as 2007 and 2008 the value of 2009.
Likewise for the representation of the network connection to the network CEDIA
Ecuadorian CLARA presents indicator data until 2011.
There are two indicators: one on access to Internet of the national education and
research and other related to the connection of the network to other international
research networks.
24 Figure 3. 5: Internet Connection NREN (Mbps)
Ecuadorian Connection RNEI (CEDIA)
Year
Mbps
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
60
60
450
450
1000
Table 3. 1 Ecuadorian Internet Connection
CEDIA has Internet connectivity with speeds up to 450 Mbps, so the access to Internet
is broadband.
From RNEI Network to Latino American Network CLARA
Ecuadorian Connection RNEI (CEDIA) to CLARA (Projection)
Year
2007
2008
2009
2010
Mbps
22.5
22.5
22.5
45
Tabla 3. 2 Ecuadorian Internet Connection
The connection of Internet speed is also classified as a broadband connection, but its
speed is 10 times lower than the national connection.
Ecuador has an education and research network known as CEDIA, to which is not all
universities from Ecuador are part of.
The national network of education and research (NRENs), began with a total capacity of
450 Mbps connection in 2009, now connecting its members with a capacity of 1Gbps.
We believe that in Ecuador, in academic sector there is the best connectivity
infrastructure in relation to otherwise.
CEDIA has the best network for broadband connectivity nationwide, and it had a
prominent growth in recent years.
3.3. NUMBER OF NREN NODES SCIENTIFIC AND RESEARCH CENTRES
CONNECTED TO THE NREN BY TYPE OF CONNECTION (NARROWBAND,
BROADBAND)
3.3.1.Introduction
This indicator shows the percentage of universities that are connected to research and
education networks. Broadband connections are considered, those that exceed 256
Kbps speed (Ecuadorian regulation) and those that exceed 2 Mbps speed (ITU
reference).
In Ecuador, both private and public universities and research centers are connected to
the network CEDIA. There are currently 26 members in the network CEDIA.
Universities have the best Internet connectivity infrastructure, with regard to Ecuadorian
institutions. This is consistent with the indicators presented in the WSIS World Summit
on the Information Society in different countries, due universities must be the first to
provide Internet access to be at the forefront of knowledge.
The regulation of Ecuador, considers connections with speed higher than 256 Kbps like
Internet broadband access.
Indicators with speeds above 2 Mbps are presented.
Information has been compiled from 2006 to 2010.
Scenario considered broadband to speeds above 2 Mbps
Figure 3. 6: Universities connected to the NREN by type of connection (Narrowband, Broadband)
We can see that most of the Internet connection is broadband and that in 2010 all the
member universities are connected to the network with broadband.
Year
Broadband > 2 Mbps
2006
2007
2008
2009
70.59% 70.59% 94.12% 94.125%
2010
100%
Narrowband
44%
47.06%
5.88%
5.88%
0%
Universities
16
17
17
17
24
NERN Members (CEDIA)
18
19
19
19
26
Average Mbps
60.14
61.14
183.65
189.65
772.24
Table 3. 3: Universities connected to the Ecuadorian CEDIA Network
27 Scenario considered broadband to speeds above 256 Kbps as Ecuadorian legislation.
Figure 3. 7: Universities connected to the NREN by type of connection
Year
Broadband > 256 Kbps
Narrowband
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
Table 3. 4 Universities connected to the NREN CEDIA (256 kbps)
It also shows the trend of the total capacity of the connection of universities to research
network CEDIA, from 2006 to 2010.
The current connection of universities to the CEDIA network is broadband, with
Ecuadorian reference as 256 Kbps and international reference (2 Mbps).
The Internet has increased from 70.59% in 2006 to reach 100% last year.
The average Internet connection and universities which are members of the research
network is broadband, growing from 60.14 Mbps to 722.24 Mbps.
28 4. TARGET 4: TO CONNECT PUBLIC LIBRARIES, CULTURAL CENTRES, MUSEUMS,
POST OFFICES AND ARCHIVES WITH ICTs
Objective 4 acknowledges the multiple benefits of access to ICT infrastructure for the country's
cultural development. ICT connectivity for libraries, museums and archives can also provide
public Internet access (libraries, museums), access to online content, such as cultural
information, academic and historical literature, among others, and it preserve the academic and
cultural heritage.
4.1. PUBLIC LIBRARIES WITH BROADBAND INTERNET ACCESS
4.1.1.Introduction
In Ecuador there were 575 public libraries in 2010, whose value has remained constant
since 2006. At present, the Sistema Nacional de Bibliotecas del Ecuador (SINAB) entity
that is under the Ministerio de Educación del Ecuador. It is noted that public libraries in
urban areas of the cities Quito, Guayaquil and Cuenca are not in charge of this
institution because they are managed independently.
It is known that public libraries contribute to the development of human rights, especially
freedom of thought, information and opinion; issues that throughout time have been
subjected to constant and profound changes such as the use of current ICT.
The information at Ecuador's public libraries is compiled from the Sistema Nacional de
Bibliotecas (SINAB), government entity that is currently responsible for most of the
public libraries.
The libraries placed in urban areas in cities such as Guayaquil, Quito and Cuenca were
obtained through the Internet.
We present indicators of 2010, because data are not available prior to that year.
Year
Total
public
libraries
2010
575
PUBLIC LIBRARIES IN ECUADOR
Number of
% of public
Number of public
public
libraries with
libraries with
libraries with
internet
broadband internet
internet
access
access ≥ 256 kbps
access
128
22.26%
18
Number of public
libraries with
broadband internet
access ≥ 2 mbps
1
Table 4. 1: Public libraries in Ecuador
29 Figure 4. 1: Public libraries with Internet access - broadband
Ecuador has a few libraries that have access to broadband Internet. Existing libraries
which are connected to the Internet with smaller capacities lower than 256 Kbps, so it
requires the cooperation of institutions like the Ministerio de Cultura to collect
information according to the indicators specified in this preliminary report.
4.2. PUBLIC LIBRARIES PROVIDING PUBLIC INTERNET ACCESS
4.2.1.Introduction
In Ecuador, most of the public libraries that provide Internet access to their users are
those located in urban areas of the three major cities (Quito, Guayaquil, Cuenca),
considering also that they are libraries placed in institutions that provide academic
training such as: schools and universities.
This indicator is presented for 2010 because data were not available prior to that year.
Internet access from these institutions is provided through the use of an access point or
through computer centers that are in them.
The SINAB is facilitated to a directory of Ecuador's public libraries under their
responsibility. The contacts relating to the urban areas of Quito, Guayaquil and Cuenca
were obtained through the Web. They were contacted by phone.
Year
Total
public
libraries
2010
575
Number of
% of public
Number of public
public libraries
libraries with
libraries providing
with internet
internet
public internet
access
access
access
128
22.26%
19
Figure 4. 2: Public libraries with Internet access
Ecuador has a few public libraries that offer Internet to their users.
We recommend that the national government gives priority to this indicator, because the
libraries are centres where a lot of people come and the increase of the public Internet
access in this centres could contribute in the Internet penetration in the country.
31 4.3. PUBLIC LIBRARIES WITH A WEBSITE
4.3.1.Introduction
Public libraries with websites in Ecuador are a few and correspond to libraries located in
universities and in the urban areas of Quito, Guayaquil and Cuenca, some of which
provide digital information through its portal in the website, while others only show the
physical literature that is available at their headquarters.
With consolidated directory of Ecuador's public libraries registered in the SINAB Web,
we proceeded via telephone to contact each institution and find the information on this
indicator.
Number of public
% of public
Total public
Year
libraries with
libraries with
libraries
internet access
internet access
2010
575
128
22.26%
Public libraries
with a website
4
Figure 4. 3: Public libraries with a website in Ecuador
The most part of public libraries with websites in Ecuador do not provide access to
bibliographic information through the digital portal.
It is recommended to inform the general public about these websites through which it
can access to bibliographic information in physical or digital format.
4.4. MUSEUMS WITH BROADBAND INTERNET ACCESS
4.4.1.Introduction
Information and Communication Technologies are a way to provide essential
information about cultural heritage of a country.
Museums are institutions which are at the service of society to encourage its
development, therefore, it must be connected to today’s world, for this reason it is
essential to have access to the Internet.
The list of museums in Ecuador was obtained from the Instituto Nacional de Patrimonio
Cultural (INPC), this list was current in October 2010, and based on such information
which have been collected as an indicator data through emails, phone calls and
website.
Indicators are presented from 2006 to 2010 and they are considered to the broadband
Internet access speed more than 256 Kbps. Additionally indicators are considering
broadband speed above 2 Mbps, due to the definition of broadband ITU.
In the list provided by the INPC in Ecuador there are 99 museums.
The sample was taken from 68 museums.
This Figure shows the number of museums with Internet access, it is divided into
museums with Broadband Internet access > 256 Kbps < 2 Mbps,> 2 Mbps and those
which do not have broadband that is < 256 Kbps.
33 Figure 4. 4: Museums with Internet access
Below is the percentage of museums with Internet access and the total number of
museums connected:
Year
Number of
respondents
Museums
Number of
Museums with
Internet
access
% of
Museums with
Internet
access
2006
68
19
28%
2007
68
20
29%
2008
68
21
31%
2009
68
28
41%
2010
68
36
53%
Table 4. 4 Museums with Internet access
34 Below there is the percentage of museums with Internet access, divided into museums
with Broadband Internet access > 256 Kbps < 2Mbps and > 2 Mbps.
Year
Number of
respondents
Museums
Number of Museums
with Broadband
Internet access >256
Kbps < 2 Mbps
% of Museums with
Broadband Internet
access >256 Kbps
Number of
Museums with
Broadband Internet
access >2 Mbps
% of Museums with
Broadband Internet
access >2 Mbps
2006
68
10
15%
3
4%
2007
68
10
15%
4
6%
2008
68
15
22%
4
6%
2009
68
24
35%
4
6%
2010
68
30
44%
5
7%
Table 4. 5: Museums with broadband Internet access
In Ecuador the 50% of museums had Internet access by the year 2010, taking into
account the information obtained with the 68 museums contacted.
The number of museums with broadband Internet access higher to 2 Mbps from 2006 to
2010 is less than 10%.
4.5. MUSEUMS WITH A WEBSITE
4.5.1.Introduction
Through their websites, the museums provide access to valuable information for a wider
community which gets information about education or studies. This indicator gives an
idea of access to ICTs by the museums
The INPC has the information list of museums of Ecuador, this list was current in
October 2010, based on such information data were collected data on the indicators
presented.
The list provided by the INCP includes 99 museums, and gathered information from all
of them by the year 2010.
This Figure shows the number of museums with a website, and their percentage.
Figure 4. 5: Museums with a website
Total
Museums
Number of Museums with
a Website
% of Museums with a
Website
Number of Museums with
a Website
% of Museums with a
Website
99
35
35.35%
64
64.65%
Table 4. 6: Museums with a website
In Ecuador, most museums do not have a website.
The availability of Museums with website would increase the diffusion of their content
and resources.
In the most of cases the information about the museum is part of information content in
pages of Municipalities, universities and colleges.
36 4.6. ARCHIVES WITH BROADBAND INTERNET ACCESS
4.6.1.Introduction
The archives are the memory of nations and society, these contributes to the formation
of identity and respect, preservation, promotion and enhancement of cultural and
linguistic diversity and cultural heritage within the Information Society. In addition, it
guarantees citizens their right to access to information and knowledge of its history. The
files are fundamental to democracy, accountability and good governance.
The archives contain files and documents which are Patrimony of the State and they are
regulated by the Ley de Archivos Nacionales, which establish that it is the obligation of
the State to ensure the preservation of historical and sociological sources of the country
as well as modernize and introduce technology and management organization of the
files.
The investigation determined that in the last 2 years it has become imperative the
internet access as a tool to research and better information management.
The indicator assesses the number of files in the country which has access to the
Internet, and discriminates the type of access, according to the definition of broadband
in the Regulation of Ecuador and ITU.
To prepare the indicator, it was necessary to develop a survey with questions about the
necessary information to the development of the indicator, which was mostly requested
by telephone.
We determined the existence of the Archives of the country with the implementation of a
survey, which discriminated those persons who have Internet access; in addition, we
conducted a sweep of records SENATEL Bearers, and in this way it was possible to
determine Internet access capabilities of the entities.
Below there are the results of this indicator:
37 Figure 4. 6: Archives with broadband Internet access
These results have been obtained with 54.51% of the Archives of the country surveyed,
each year shows the total number of files with Internet access data that has been
obtained from surveys.
It was determined that when there is a low access to information technologies and
communication of the Archives of the country, which has plans to develop strategies to
improve connectivity indexes of these entities.
The Archives of the country have low access to information technologies and
communication, but the people who work in these important entities said that they have
planned to develop strategies to improve connectivity indexes of these entities.
4.7. ARCHIVES WITH A WEBSITE
4.7.1.Introduction
The development of this indicator shows the number of Archives which have who has a
website. The research provides a total number of files involved in disseminating
information, thus general public can access to certain types of documentation available
at each site.
To prepare the indicator it was necessary to develop a survey with questions about the
necessary information to the development of the indicator, which was mostly requested
by telephone.
We determined the existence of the Archives of the country with the implementation of
the survey which discriminated against those who have Internet access; in addition, we
conducted a sweep of records SENATEL Bearers, and in this way it was possible to
determine the Internet access capabilities of the entities
Below there are the results of this indicator:
Figure 4. 7: Archives with website
These results have been obtained with 54.51% of the Archives surveyed; each year it
shows the total number of files with a website.
The Archives of Country were kept in an orderly manner, the websites are an evidence
of this, allowing the display of electronic catalog to facilitate search of information and
constant access to knowledge that these files can provide.
Websites of the Archives of the country are not fully developed yet, but they are on the
track of modernization process, there are plans for the management and administration
of information and especially for qualifying and guidelines it must be followed to online
publications about to contents of the Archives of the country, whereby it is needed to
strengthen the knowledge and the access of the Information Society, with the aim to
promote cultural heritage and train the country's identity.
40 5. TARGET 5: TO CONNECT HEALTH CENTRES AND HOSPITALS WITH ICTs
Public health services in Ecuador are managed and provided by institutions such as the
Ministerio de Salud Pública (MSP), Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social (IESS),
Instituto de Seguridad de las Fuerzas Armadas (ISSFA) e Instituto de Seguridad de la
Policía Nacional (ISSPOL), in coordination with the Ministerio de Coordinación de
Desarrollo Social, el Ministerio de Defensa Nacional and Instituciones Municipales. There
are also private institutions that provide public health services such as the Junta de
Beneficencia de Guayaquil (JBG), Sociedad Protectora de la Infancia, Sociedad de Lucha
Contra el Cáncer (SOLCA) and Cruz Roja Ecuatoriana.
The MSP has organized health services defined by levels of complexity in patient’s care:
In level I (low complexity) there are health posts, health centers and subcentres, which
provide outpatient care, disease prevention and health recovery.
In level II (intermediate complexity) there are the basic hospitals and general hospitals, plus
the level of care I offer short hospital stay.
In level III (high complexity) there are specialized hospitals and reference for the attention of
the local, regional and national levels; it also conducts health education and research.
MINISTERIO DE SALUD PUBLICA
HOSPITAL DE ESPECIALIDADES
HOSPITAL ESPECIALIZADO
HOSPITALS
HOSPITAL GENERAL
HOSPITAL BASICO
HEALTH CENTRES
HEALTH SUBCENTRES
CENTRO DE SALUD
CENTRO DE SALUD 24 HORAS
SUBCENTRO DE SALUD URBANO
SUBCENTRO DE SALUD RURAL
PUESTO DE SALUD
UNIDAD MOVIL
OTHER UNITS
UNIDAD FLUVIAL
UNIDAD AEREA
UNIDAD QUIRURGICA
UNIDAD ONCOLOGICA
Table 5. 1: MSP Health Services
The health area has been potentially benefited with ICT services and applications.
Target 5 of the World Summits on the Information Society which provides guidance for
determining the level of ICT and the use and applications in the health sector, so that,
ICT will improve the quality and efficiency of services.
41 5.1. PUBLIC HOSPITALS WITH INTERNET ACCESS, BY TYPE OF ACCESS
5.1.1.Introduction
This indicator will reveal the number of public hospitals that have Internet access by
obtaining a penetration rate of Internet service in the health sector, in order to get as
many hospitals to have broadband Internet access.
Ministerio de Salud Pública is responsible for 132 hospitals located in different parts of
the country, for obtaining the indicator 81 hospitals were consulted.
Information was obtained through the systems department of the Ministerio de Salud
Pública, by doing telephone calls inquiries to the MSP hospitals and analyzing Carrier
SENATEL databases.
Figure 5. 1: Public hospital (MSP) with Internet access
Figure 5.1 shows the impulse given by the Government for all public hospitals to have
Internet access, considering the importance of compliance with policies designed to
better serve citizens in the health sector through the deploying of applications and Web
services.
5.2. HEALTH CENTRES WITH INTERNET
ACCESS,
BY
TYPE
OF
ACCESS
5.2.1.Introduction
This indicator will identify the number of Health Centres that have Internet access, as
well as it will help to determine the penetration rate of broadband Internet access in
various agencies of the health sector.
The centres and subcentres of the Ministerio de Salud Pública have been considered
for the analysis and medical care units belonging to the Instituto Ecuatoriano de
Seguridad Social (IESS), which gave a total of 1499 entities.
Ministerio de Salud Pública Is responsible for 132 hospitals located in different parts of
the country, for obtaining the indicator, 81 hospitals were consulted.
Information was obtained through the systems department of the Ministerio de Salud
Pública, telephone inquiries to the hospitals and as a result of the analysis of the
SENATEL data was based.
Figure 5. 2: Health centres with Internet access
The following figure shows the type of Internet access by health centers.
Figure 5. 3: Health community centres with Internet access
Figure 5.3 shows that the penetration rate to broadband Internet access at Health
Centres is low. Nevertheless, the Government is working to promote access to improve
connectivity in Health Centres.
5.3. PUBLIC
HOSPITALS
USING
COMPUTERS/THE
INTERNET
COLLECT/PROCESS/TRANSMIT INDIVIDUAL PATIENT INFORMATION
TO
5.3.1.Introduction
The management of patient information is very important in the development of the
activities of a hospital, because the patient records include information of vital
importance for the diagnosis by health professionals.
After having digitized the information it will permit to send it to remotely for observing
and consulting with other professionals, when there are critical situations in patient lives.
This indicator is expected to know how the information about patients is handled in
different hospitals in Ecuador.
The information to asses this indicator was provided by the Instituto Ecuatoriano de
Seguridad Social IESS and the Ministerio de Salud Pública.
Figure 5. 4: Medical records at Public Hospitals using Computers/The Internet to Collect/Process/Transmit
Individual Patient Information
Figure 5.4 shows that 21% of patient record in public hospitals is digitized transmitted
and it is available for consultation via the Internet.
5.4. HEALTH
CENTRES
USING
COMPUTERS/THE
INTERNET
COLLECT/PROCESS/TRANSMIT INDIVIDUAL PATIENT INFORMATION
TO
5.4.1.Introduction
This indicator will help to determine the use of computers and internet at Health Centres
in Ecuador, to collect, to process and to transmit patient information. In addition there
will be done a classification of information according to its way of storage in paper or
electronic, transmission and its availability over the Internet.
The information to asses this indicator was provided by the Instituto Ecuatoriano de
Seguridad Social (IESS) and the Ministerio de Salud Pública.
Figure 5. 5: Medical records at health centres
Figure 5.5 shows that 5% of Health centres (health subcenters and IESS care units)
store patient records in digital form.
46 6. TARGET 6: TO CONNECT ALL LOCAL AND CENTRAL GOVERNMENT
DEPARTMENTS AND ESTABLISH WEBSITES AND E-MAIL ADDRESSES
The access to the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and the benefits that
the implementation of the e-government has its process in the governance and the
democracy, increasing transparency and responsibility and facilitating accountability in the
public sector it is considered vital to assess the advances made by the Government over
the central and local areas.
The compliance assessment of this target will allow to see clearly what the challenges are
facing public administration to reform and completely modernize its public systems and the
mode of interaction with the citizens, through the implementation of ICT infrastructure
increasing levels of transparency and strengthening citizen participation.
6.1. GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES USING THE INTERNET
6.1.1.Introduction
This indicator aims the percentage of employees who serve in the public sector that
have access to Information and Communication Technologies. The indicator gives an
element to analyze the extent to which ICT have helped in improving management and
administration processes over the public sector and if it is necessary to redouble efforts
to achieve a greater number of servers having technological tools to support their work.
Through phone calls to the municipalities and provincial governments, it was obtained
the number of government employees of municipalities and provincial governments
(Consejos Provinciales) with access to the Internet, compared with the total government
employees from municipalities and provincial governments (Consejos Provinciales).
In Ecuador there are a total of 221 municipalities and 24 provincial governments.
The sample was compiled as follows:
Municipalities: 144 (65.15%)
Provincial Governments: 18 (75%)
MUNICIPALITIES
Figure 6. 1: N° Municipal employees vs. Municipal employees with Internet access
PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENTS
Figure 6. 2: Provincial government employees vs. Provincial government employees with Internet access
From the information obtained, it can be concluded that for both municipalities and
provincial governments in Ecuador, the number of government employees connected
doesn’t exceed 50%, indicating that it is still necessary to continue with the policies and
strategies to increase the effectiveness and efficiency in management and public
administration through the use of ICT.
6.2. GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES USING COMPUTERS
6.2.1.Introduction
The Indicator of government employees who use computers aims to highlight as well as
the previous indicator, the percentage of the use of ICT by government employees, as a
tool to support the development of their work and governance. Despite the document
defines this indicator as not applicable, it was done an uprising of it for local and
sectional governments in order to determine a baseline that allows to have elements on
the current state of compliance.
The information to assess this indicator was obtained by making phone calls to the
municipalities and provincial governments.
MUNICIPALITIES
Figure 6. 3: N° Municipal employees using computers
PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT
Figure 6. 4: Provincial government employees using compurters
From the results obtained, it can be concluded that at least 50% of government
employees in the municipalities and provincial governments have access to a computer
to perform their functions. However, there are still a significant percentage of
government employees who do not have access to this tool.
The next step in the evaluation of this indicator would be to get information about the
use made by the Internet and computers in public institutions and the actual use of
these tools which helps the development of public services in order to define strategies
to make better the use of the resources allocated.
6.3. GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS WITH INTERNET ACCESS, BY TYPE OF ACCESS
6.3.1.Introduction
The use of ICT by the government of the Republic of Ecuador is called e-government,
achieving social, economic and cultural goals, providing quick and effective solutions for
the development of the environment through the provision of public services. The egovernment involves central, local and provincial government entities.
Regarding this indicator, the Subsecretaría de Informática de la Presidencia de la
República de Ecuador attached public sector entities to e-government, to promote the
use of ICT as a tool to ensure effective care of the formal citizens in the public sector.
The indicator for the government agencies with Internet access (broadband,
narrowband), allows to get information regarding the capacity that the government
institutions have to implement and access to services and applications available on
Internet to improve efficiency in service and delivery it to citizens. Within this context,
and considering the national and international definitions for broadband, it has been
performed a trend analysis in the connection capacity of institutions to establish the way
they have evolved its connectivity requirements and associated with the growth of
services provided to citizens.
CENTRAL GOVERNMENT
The information management to asses this indicator of governmental institutions with
access to the Internet, by type of access, was obtained on the basis of information
available in Secretaría de la Presidencia de la República del Ecuador, nevertheless,
SENATEL conducted an investigation of the bandwidths of the value-added service on
the Internet that the public entities to have contracted with licensed providers. The
information data has been taken from 2006 to 2010.
51 It is important to mention that the information provided by authorized Value-Added
Service Providers authorized, was corroborated just to find more information about
public entities to asses this indicator.
Ecuadorian laws consider broadband connections above 256 Kbps instead of 2 Mbps.
PROVINCIAL AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
To asses this indicator Carriers Services databases registered in SENATEL were
consulted for collecting information, available until 2010 and the first half of 2011, also
telephone surveys were made to responsible people in Information Systems and/or
websites of each Municipality and Provincial Government.
For the definition of broadband access is considered:
Ecuador> = 256 Kbps
ITU> = 2 Mbps
CENTRAL GOVERNMENT
Total Central Government Entities: 33 (2010).
% of Government Institutions with Internet access, by type of access
Type of access
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Institutions Internet access > 2 Mbps
5
7
13
26
30
Institutions Internet access 256 Kbps < 2 Mbps
15
17
15
5
3
Institutions Internet access < 256 Kbps
2
0
0
0
0
# of Institutions
22
24
28
31
33
% Bandwidth > 2 Mbps
23%
29%
46%
84%
91%
% Bandwidth > 256 Kbps < 2 Mbps
91% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Table 6. 1: Percentage of government institutions with Internet access, by type of access
52 Figure 6. 5: Government institutions with Internet access
MUNICIPALITIES
Figure 6. 6: Local government (Municipalities) with Internet access
53 PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT
Figure 6. 7: Local governments (Provincials Councils) with Internet access
In 2010, the Ecuadorian Central Government institutions that had access to Internet
(greater than 2 Mbps) rated 80%.
From 2006 to 2010, it is shown that the trend of Internet access by type of access
(broadband - narrowband) has drastically changed, bearing in 2006 use 90% of
narrowband and the 2010 an 80% broadband.
In 2010, about 97% of the Municipal Government institutions had access to Internet
broadband (greater than 2 Mbps) and 51.49% (greater than 256 Mbps).
6.4. GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS WITH A WEBSITE
6.4.1.Introduction
Nowadays having a website is growing every day, much more for government
institutions that have involved the e-government through the use of ICT to improve
information services, it increases efficiency, transparency and public government.
54 The implementation of a website represents for the country to obtain many advantages
like having a local presence, nationally and internationally, having a virtual office for the
public 365 days a year, 24 hours a day, providing online information services
interactively.
It is noted that an efficient exploitation of this tool should be linked with a high
penetration rate to Internet services only in this way it will ensure that the bulk of the
population has access to e-government.
CENTRAL GOVERNMENT
Considering the information from the Ministerio de Relaciones Laborales, It was
performed the analysis of the number of public institutions of central, provincial and
government that own a website.
For this reason this indicator was assessed through collaboration and coordinating of
sectional ministries, national institutes, national councils, national ministries, supervisory
authorities, agencies, financial institutions and other state entities.
Just as the indicator was obtained for government institutions with Internet access, the
Subsecretaría de Informática de la Presidencia de la República de Ecuador was
responsible for providing information relating to this indicator.
PROVINCIAL AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS:
The information to asses this indicator was obtained from the list of cantonal and
provincial governments in the country by INEC website.
Consultation was conducted over the Internet and the data was obtained about which
municipalities and provincial governments have a website and which do not.
The information referred to in the preceding paragraph was checked with the
information gotten by calling people in charge of IT areas of each one of the
municipalities and provincial governments.
In Ecuador, there are a total of 221 municipalities and 24 provincial governments.
Municipalities: 221 (100%)
CENTRAL GOBERNMENT
Entities of Central Government: 115.
MINISTRIES INSTITUTES COUNCILS SECRETARIES FINANCIALS AGENCIES OTHERS *
27
26
18
15
7
2
20
27
20
16
13
7
1
18
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
77%
89%
87%
100%
50%
90%
Table 6. 2: Total central government institutions
* Others: Superintendents,
Comptroller and Attorney.
judiciary,
legislative
and
administrative
functions,
Figure 6. 8: Government institutions with a website
56 MUNICIPALITIES
Figure 6. 9: Municipalities with a website
All institutions affiliated to the Subsecretaría de Informática de la Presidencia de la
República del Ecuador had a website in 2010.
The data and its corresponding figures show that most local and sectional governments
are online which represents a breakthrough in terms of information that citizens can
access and which is available in Internet. Besides it is also necessary to denote that the
Transparency and access to Public Information Law, resolved the obligation to have a
Web site where anyone can find information related to government management, which
is considered an important element that has contributed to the large-scale deployment
of websites particularly in the last 10 years.
The central government institutions average that had a website in 2010 was 85%.
Complementing the indicator 6.3, all central government entities attached to egovernment have a website.
57 6.5. GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS USING CORPORATE NETWORKS (LAN, WAN,
INTRANET, EXTRANET)
6.5.1.Introduction
The use of data networks such as local area networks and wide area networks,
undoubtedly allows observing the degree of organization of an entity related to the
connectivity it provides to its clients. By having statistics on the use of LAN, WAN and
others, it can be displayed to better the percentage of government institutions that have
invested resources in order to have structured networks, sorted and ability to support
new services and applications, to improve their management and their way of
interacting with citizens.
The information to asses this indicator was obtained by doing phone calls to people in
charge of IT areas of each one of the municipalities and provincial governments and
also it was analyzed the information available on the website of each municipality or
sectional government.
Municipalities: 147 (66.5%).
Provincial Governments: 19 (79.2%).
MUNICIPALITIES
Figure 6. 10: Percentage Municipalities using Corporate Networks
From the information collected it can be observed regarding to municipalities that almost
100% have implemented some type of enterprise network (LAN, WAN, Intranet, etc.)
and in provincial governments there have been implemented 100% of these technology
platforms.
6.6. GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS OFFERING ONLINE SERVICES, BY TYPE OF
SERVICE (INTERACTIVE, TRANSACTIONAL, CONNECTED)
6.6.1.Introduction
According to the information related to asses this indicator obtained from the Gobierno
de la República de Ecuador, public entities using ICT have developed interactive,
transactional, connected websites offering online public services for citizens.
The indicator of government institutions which provide online services evidence the
degree of e-government implementation over central, local and provincial government.
CENTRAL GOVERNMENT
The information to asses this indicator was obtained from theSubsecreraría de
Informática de la Presidencia de la República de Ecuador. The information was
obtained from public entities attached to e-government that present online presence
services, interactive and transactional in 2011, in this regard, it should be noted that the
Subsecretaría de Informática de la Presidencia de la República proved that the online
presence service is known as online connected services type.
PROVINCIAL AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
Visited pages are available for each of the websites of municipalities to determine which
services are implemented.
PRESENCE: If you only provide information.
INTERACTIVE: If the Mayor and his officials have some mechanism of interaction with
the public through websites such as online consultation or chat or access to social
networks.
TRANSACTION: If transacting online can be done.
TRANSFORMATION: If all services and government functions are performed online.
59 To obtain the data, the IT areas of each one of the municipalities and provincial
governments were consulted.
Municipalities: 221
Provincial Governments: 19
Status Indicator
Central Government Entities Total: 113
Displays: 113 entities
E-GOVERNMENT STAGES
PRESENCE PRESENCE PRESENCE
100%
100%
10%
Table 6. 3: e-government stages
Figure 6. 11: Government institutions offering online services
60 MUNICIPALITIES
Figure 6. 12: Municipalities e-government stage with online services
According to the statistics presented above, we can see that ICT in the government
public entities of the Republic of Ecuador, has been growing to the point that have been
implemented on their websites online connect, interactive and transactional services, to
manage the paperwork people gaining efficiency and automation of performance
optimizing time resources management.
It is necessary to know the environment from the point of view of the citizen and also it
is necessary to organize a campaign to familiarize the online services offered by public
entities.
The information obtained shows clearly that almost all provincial and local governments
are online, but many of them do not offer still public services through the implemented
platforms and they are at a stage of presence or presentation of information.
61 62 7. TARGET 7: TO ADAPT ALL PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOL CURRICULA TO
MEET THE CHALLENGES OF THE INFORMATION SOCIETY, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT
NATIONAL CIRUMSTANCES
Target 7 recognizes that it is necessary for all countries to invest in their people and the
skills they possess, just as Target 7 it emphasizes in the importance of educational
institutions to carry out the transformation into information societies. Besides the importance
of ICT as a supplement to conventional educational mechanisms, ensuring quality
education and equal opportunities for all, including marginalized groups.
7.1. ICT-QUALIFIED TEACHERS IN PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS;
7.2. TEACHERS TRAINED TO TEACH SUBJECTS USING ICT 5
7.2.1.Introduction
The qualification of teachers integrating ICT in their teaching and learning undoubtedly
improves student learning and enhances the performance of professional duties.
Data was provided by Ministerio de Educación and corresponds to the last year of ICT
issued in 2010 by this Ministerio through the Sistema Nacional de Desarrollo
Profesional Educativo (SIPROFE). They apply for the first two indicators ICT-qualified
Teachers in Primary and Secondary schools and Teachers indicators with ICT skills in
primary and secondary schools and Teachers are trained to teach subjects using ICT.
Figure 7.1 shows that 3% are ICT-qualified Teachers in Primary and Secondary schools
and Teachers are trained to teach subjects using ICT.
5
Both 7.1. and 7.2. indicators are included in the same analyze
63 Figure 7. 1: Adapt the curriculum of primary and secondary achievement of objectives of the Information
Society, ITCs
ICT-qualified teachers in primary and secondary schools
Teachers trained to teach subjects using ICT
Schools with computer-assisted instruction
Total Teachers
Total Schools
Year 2010 Percentage
7.406
3%
7.406
3%
8.410
32%
229.056
25.881
Table 7. 1: Teaching and studying programs (Primary and Secondary Schools)
From the Figure and Table 7.1 showed above it can be seen that ICT-qualified
Teachers in Primary and Secondary schools and Teachers are trained to teach subjects
using ICT indicators reach a value of 3%.
7.3. SCHOOLS WITH COMPUTER-ASSISTED INSTRUCTION
7.3.1.Introduction
The introduction of computers and integrating ICT in teaching and learning activities
undoubtedly improves student learning.
In education, the computer is a tool that strengthens teaching - learning processes.
The indicator has been prepared with information provided by the Ministerio de
Educación.
Figure 7.2 shows that schools with computer-assisted instruction reach 32%.
Figure 7. 2: Adapt the curriculum of primary and secondary achievement of objectives of the Information
Society, ITCs
The indicator for schools with computer-assisted instruction reach a relatively low value,
which is 32%, that is why, it is necessary to strengthen the access of schools to a
computer, through the establishment of plans and programs that use adoption
increases.
65 8.
TARGET 8: TO ENSURE THAT ALL OF THE WORLD’S POPULATION HAVE ACCESS
TO TELEVISION AND RADIO SERVICES
This objective focuses specifically on the use of broadcasting technologies, which are often
referred to ancient and traditional ICT, so that countries integrate into the information
society. Besides facilitating access to information and news, even to the illiterate population
and in case of emergency, broadcasting services can also be used for educational
purposes. They are a complement to the print media and its importance is revealed
especially in the countries and areas where the level of Internet penetration is relatively low
or where the availability of online content in local languages is limited.
8.1. HOUSEHOLDS WITH A RADIO
8.1.1.Introduction
Radio remains the transmitting device of information and entertainment prevalent in
many low development countries. Radios do not require electricity and they are cheaper
than televisions. There are initiatives to reduce the cost of operating a radio close to
zero on devices that do not require batteries.
To asses this indicator was possible thanks to the modules of the polls conducted by
the Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos (INEC), the same that has been
developing draft polls of indicators of ICT measurement within households, data exist
for periods 2008, 2009 and 2010.
Information
Households with a radio
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
N.A.
N.A.
44%
41%
42%
Table 8. 1: Households with a radio
66 Figure 8. 1: Households with a radio
The intent of this indicator should go beyond the fact of owning a radio or sound system,
it must be used as communication media, and the ownership of this communication
media gives households the connection to their immediate surroundings.
8.2. HOUSEHOLDS WITH A TV
8.2.1.Introduction
This indicator allows the international community to measure the basic access to
broadcast service, but it is limited in several aspects so that many households may not
have access to broadcast coverage and to use the device for playback of prerecorded
material.
This indicator was possible thanks to the modules of the polls conducted by the Instituto
Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos (INEC), the same that has been developing draft
polls of indicators of ICT measurement within households, data exist for periods 2008,
2009 and 2010.
Information
Households with Televisión
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
N.A.
N.A.
83%
83%
85%
Table 8. 2: Households with a TV
Figure 8. 2: Households with a TV
The intent of this indicator should go beyond the fact of owning a television, it should be
considered in turn using this equipment and its real purpose to communicate, to inform
and to educate, using this tool to eradicate illiteracy promote cultural and educational
instruction.
68 8.3. HOUSEHOLDS WITH MULTICHANNEL TELEVISION SERVICE, BY TYPE OF
SERVICE
8.3.1.Introduction
Multichannel television refers to services that provide additional programming beyond
the free-to-air analogue terrestrial channels. The multi-channel services can be provided
by Digital Terrestrial Television (DTT), Cable TV (CATV), Direct to Home (DTH),
Satellite or Internet TV (IPTV). Multichannel Television Services are important because
they provide higher quality services and more content, important factors in increasing
the demand for television services and global connectivity.
This information was obtained from SENATEL that acquires the information through
forms of the companies that provide this service.
Information
Households with Internet access , by type (broadband, narrowband)
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
7%
7%
7%
8%
9%
Table 8. 3: Households with multichannel television service, by type of service
69 Figure 8. 3: Households with multichannel television service
A radio and television device is considered as a communication tool, to inform and to
educate, in order to eradicate illiteracy, promote cultural and educational instruction.
70 9. TARGET 9: TO ENCOURAGE THE DEVELOPMENT OF CONTENT AND PUT IN PLACE
TECHICAL CONDITIONS IN ORDER TO FACILITATE THE PRESENCE AND USE OF
ALL WORLD LANGUAGES ON THE INTERNET
9.1. WEBDITES, BY LANGUAGE
9.1.1.Introduction
This indicator is based on downloaded information from the web, which after being
processed shows the domination of Spanish language websites.
Websites in Ecuador contain information from different sectors such as trade and
business, government, entertainment, education, health, etc.
Within this directory, it was proceeded to click on each websites link and then they were
classified according to the language.
It is presented indicators of 2010, because not previously raised this information.
WEBSITES BY LANGUAGE IN ECUADOR
LANGUAGE
No. WEBSITES PORCENTAGE
Spanish
1002
83.78%
English
17
1.42%
French
1
0.08%
German
1
0.08%
Other
1
0.08%
Spanish/English
153
12.79%
Spanish/ Quichua
3
0.25%
Spanish/English/French
4
0.33%
Spanish/English/German
5
0.42%
Spanish/English/German/French
7
0.59%
Spanish/English/German/French/Other
2
0.17%
TOTAL
1196
100.00%
Table 9. 1: Websites by language
71 Figure 9. 1: Websites for language- Ecuador
Most websites in Ecuador are in Spanish, Quichua is the second most spoken
language, there are 3 bilingual (Spanish/ Quichua) websites in Ecuador, which has
prompted the government to promote the contents of the government sites have
intended that Ecuador's indigenous population has access to the Internet in their own
language.
72 10. TARGET 10: TO ENSURE THAT MORE THAN HALF THE WORLD’S INHABITANTS
HAVE ACCESS TO ICTS WITHIN THEIR REACH
It is important to assess access to ICT and their effective use to ensure more than half of the
world's inhabitants to have access to the benefits to its use.
One of the most amazing achievements, that has exceeded all expectations, has been the
success of mobile telephony over the world. 86% of the world's population enjoys mobile phone
network coverage and it is possible to reach 100% by 2015, which would lead (possibly) to
telephony services access for all inhabitants of the planet.
In the same way it can be appreciated in Ecuador, according the direct proportion of global
data, our country's mobile network coverage is 86.19%.
10.1.
MOBILE
INHABITANTS
CELLULAR
TELEPHONE
SUBSCRIPTIONS
PER
100
10.1.1. Introduction
It refers to subscribers to a public mobile giving access to public switched telephone
network (PSTN) using cellular technology, including the number of active prepaid SIM
cards for the past three months. It can include analog and digital cellular systems
(subscribers to IMT-2000 (third generation, 3G) and 4G systems), but It does not
include service subscribers through mobile broadband data cards or USB modems.
Neither should include public mobile data subscribers to mobile radio trunked private
services, to telepoint services or paging or telemedicine services. It’s also included all
subscribers to mobile phones that offer voice communications.
10.1.2. Indicator Methodology
This indicator was derived from the information each mobile operator reported to
SENATEL, and the population values were provided by the INEC for the years
considered.
10.1.3. Indicator State
Information
2006 2007 2008 2009
SMA subscribers per 100 inhabitants 62%
73%
85%
2010
96% 106%
Table 10. 1: SMA subscribers per 100 inhabitants
73 Figure 10. 1 SMA subscribers per 100 inhabitants
10.1.4. Conclusions and Recommendations
The growth of mobile telephony service subscribers has been radical; it has to be
considered that a person may hold more than 1 phone line. That’s why the penetration
of this service has exceeded 100%.
10.2.
HOUSEHOLDS WITH ACCESS TO THE INTERNET, BY TYPE OF ACCESS
10.2.1. Introduction
It has been included for this indicator the number of fiber to the home/building Internet
subscribers by installing with a download speed over 256 kbit/s and subscribers for
which the installation of fiber goes directly to households or subscribers for which the
installation of fiber ends 2 meters at most, from an outer wall towards the building. It
does not include installations of fiber to the junction box or to the node.
10.2.2. Indicator Methodology
This indicator was derived from the modules of the surveys conducted by the Instituto
Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos (INEC), it maintained a survey project of indicators
for measuring ICT in the home, data exist for the periods 2008, 2009 and 2010.
74 10.2.3. Indicator State
Information
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Households with Internet access , by type (broadband, narrowband)
N.D.
N.D.
7%
7.70%
11.80%
Table 10. 2: Households with Internet access
Figure 10. 2: Households with Internet access
10.2.4. Conclusions and Recommendations
The information available shows a rising trend in the number of households with access
to the internet, from 242,047 in 2008 to 427,333 in 2010, with a growth percentage of
5%.
75 11. REFERENCES
TARGETS WSIS
INDICATORS
SOURCE
•
1. To
connect
villages
with
ICTs
and
establish
community
access points
2. To connect
universities,
colleges,
1.1. Rural population
covered by a mobile cellular
telephone network, broken
down by technology
1.2. Rural households with a
telephone, by type of service
(fixed and/or mobile, mobile
only, fixed only)
1.3. Rural households with
Internet access, by type of
access (narrowband,
broadband)
1.4. Localities with Public
Internet Access Centres
(PIACs), by type of access
and urban/rural
2.1. Schools with a radio
used for educational
purposes
•
•
Base de Datos del Servicio Móvil Avanzado de la Secretaría Nacional de
Telecomunicaciones, www.conatel.gob.ec
Unión Internacional de Telecomunicaciones, http://www.itu.int/ITUD/ict/publications/wtdr_10/material/WTDR2010_Target1_e.pdf
Base de Datos de la Distribución de la Población del Ecuador por Parroquias, Instituto
Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos (INEC), www.inec.gob.ec
•
Base de Datos por Módulos de encuestas sobre las TIC del Instituto Nacional de
Estadísticas y Censos (INEC), www.inec.gob.ec
•
Estadísticas y Censos (INEC), www.inec.gob.ec
•
Secretaría Nacional de Telecomunicaciones, www.conatel.gob.ec
•
Ministerio de Educación, www.educacion.gov.ec
76 TARGETS WSIS
secondary schools
and primary
schools with ICTs
INDICATORS
2.2. Schools with a
television used for
educational purposes
2.3. Schools with Internet
access, by type of access
(narrowband, broadband)
2.4. Learners-to-computer
ratio
3.1. Scientific and research
centres with broadband
Internet access
3. To connect
scientific and
research centres
with ICTs
4. To connect
public libraries,
3.2. Presence of a National
Research and Education
Network (NREN), by
bandwidth capacity (Mbit/s)
3. Number of NREN nodes
3.3. Universities connected
to the NREN by type of
connection (narrowband,
broadband)
3.4. Scientific and research
centres connected to the
NREN by type of connection
(narrowband, broadband)
4.1. Public libraries with
broadband Internet access
SOURCE
•
•
•
•
No se dispone de datos para determinar la situación global
•
Consorcio Ecuatoriano para el Desarrollo del Internet Avanzado CEDIA,
www.cedia.org.ec
•
www.cedia.org.ec
•
www.cedia.org.ec
Secretaría Nacional de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación,
www.senescyt.gob.ec
Sistema Nacional de Bibliotecas SINAB,
www.educacion.gov.ec/interna.php?txtCodiInfo=103
•
•
77 TARGETS WSIS
cultural centres,
museums, post
offices and
archives with ICTs
INDICATORS
4.2. Public libraries
providing public Internet
access
4.3. Public libraries with a
website
4.4. Museums with
4.5. Museums with a
website
4.6. Archives with
4.7. Archives with a website
SOURCE
•
•
•
Instituto Nacional de Patrimonio Cultural INPC, www.inpc.gob.ec
•
Instituto Nacional de Patrimonio Cultural INPC, www.inpc.gob.ec
•
•
•
•
•
Archivo Nacional del Ecuador, www.ane.gob.ec
Superintendencia de Bancos y Seguros de Ecuador, www.superban.gov.ec
Asamblea Nacional, www.asambleanacional.gov.ec
Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Comercio e Integración, www.mmrree.gob.ec
Base de Datos del Servicio Portador de la Secretaría Nacional de
Asociación de Municipalidades de Ecuador AME, www.ame.gov.ec.
Gobiernos Autónomos Descentralizados de Ecuador, Anexo 1
Gobiernos Provinciales del Ecuador, Anexo 1
Archivo Nacional del Ecuador, www.ane.gob.ec
Superintendencia de Bancos y Seguros de Ecuador, www.superban.gov.ec
Asamblea Nacional, www.asambleanacional.gov.ec
Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Comercio e Integración, www.mmrree.gob.ec
Asociación de Municipalidades de Ecuador AME, www.ame.gov.ec
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
78 TARGETS WSIS
INDICATORS
5.1. Public hospitals with
access (narrowband,
broadband)
5.2. Health centres with
access (narrowband,
5. To connect
broadband)
health centres and
5.3. Public hospitals using
hospitals with ICTs
computers/the Internet to
collect/process/transmit
individual patient information
5.4. Health centres using
computers/the Internet to
collect/process/transmit
individual patient information
6. To connect all
local and central
government
departments and
establish websites
and e-mail
addresses
SOURCE
•
•
Ministerio de Salud Pública, www.msp.gov.ec
•
•
•
6.1. Government employees
using the Internet
•
•
•
Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social, www.iess.gob.ec
6.2. Government employees
using computers
•
•
•
•
Secretaría Nacional de la Administración Pública, Subsecretaría de Informática,
www.informatica.gov.ec
Base de datos de Proveedores de SVA de la Secretaría Nacional de
Base de datos del servicio Portador de la Secretaría Nacional de Telecomunicaciones,
6.3 Government institutions
with Internet access, by type
of access (narrowband,
broadband)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
79 TARGETS WSIS
INDICATORS
SOURCE
www.conatel.gob.ec
6.4. Government institutions
with a website
6.5. Government institutions
using corporate networks
(LAN, WAN, intranet,
extranet)
6.6 Government institutions
offering online services, by
type of service (interactive,
transactional, connected)
7. To adapt all primary and
secondary school
curricula to meet
the challenges of
the information
society, taking into
account national
circumstances
8. To ensure that
all of the world’s
7.1. ICT-qualified teachers
in primary and secondary
schools
7.2. Teachers trained to
teach subjects using ICT
7.3. Schools with computerassisted instruction
8.1. Households with a radio
•
•
•
•
Ministerio de Relaciones Laborales, www.mintrab.gov.ec
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Ministerio de Educación, www.educacion.gov.ec.
•
•
•
Estadísticas y Censos (INEC), www.inec.gob.ec.
80 TARGETS WSIS
population have
access to
television and
radio services
INDICATORS
8.2. Households with a TV
8.3. Households with
multichannel television
service, by type of service
9. To encourage
the development of
content and put in
place technical
conditions in order
9.1. Websites, by language
to facilitate the
presence and use
of all world
languages on the
Internet
10.1. Mobile cellular
10. To ensure that
telephone subscriptions per
more than a half of
100 inhabitants
the world’s
10.2. Households with
inhabitants have
access to the Internet, by
access to ICTs
type of access (narrowband,
within their reach
broadband)
SOURCE
•
•
Bases de Datos de los Reportes de los Sistemas de Audio y Video por Suscripción de
la Secretaría Nacional de Telecomunicaciones, www.conatel.gob.ec
•
•
Registro de Dominios EC - ECUADOR, www.nic.ec
www.webs.info.ec
•
Base de Datos del Servicio Móvil Avanzado de la Secretaría Nacional de
•
81 12. ANNEX 1
¾ GOBIERNOS AUTÓNOMOS DESCENTRALIZADOS DE ECUADOR:
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•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Camilo Ponce Enríquez,
www.camiloponce.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Chordeleg,
www.chordelegtransparente.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Cuenca,
www.municipalidadcuenca.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón El Pan, www.municipiodeelpan.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Girón, www.giron.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Guachapala, www.guachapala.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Gualaceo, www.gualaceo.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Nabón, www.nabon.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Oña, www.ona.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Paute, www.municipiodepaute.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Pucará, www.municipiopucara.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón San Fernando, www.sanfernando.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Santa Isabel, www.santaisabel.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Sevilla de Oro, www.sevilladeoro.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Sigsig, www.sigsig.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Caluma, www.municipiocaluma.org
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Chillanes, www.chillanes.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Chimbo, www.municipiodechimbo.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Echeandía, www.echeandia.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Guaranda, www.guaranda.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Las Naves,
www.municipiodelasnaves.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón San Miguel de Bolívar,
www.municipiosanmiguel.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Azogues, www.azogues.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Biblián, www.biblian.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Cañar, www.canar.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Deleg, www.municipalidaddeleg.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón El Tambo
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón La Troncal, www.latroncal.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Suscal
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Bolívar, www.municipiodebolivar.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Espejo, www.imiespejo.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Mira, www.municipiodemira.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Montúfar, www.gobiernomontufar.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón San Pedro de Huaca, www.huaca.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Tulcán, www.gmtulcan.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Alausí, www.municipiodealausi.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Chambo,
www.municipiodechambo.gob.ec
82 •
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•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Chunchi,
www.municipiodechunchi.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Colta, www.municipiodecolta.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Cumandá, www.cumanda.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Guamote,
www.municipiodeguamote.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Guano, www.municipiodeguano.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Pallatanga,
www.municipiodepallatanga.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Penipe, www.penipe.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Riobamba,
www.municipioderiobamba.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón La Mana
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Latacunga, www.latacunga.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Pangua, www.pangua.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Pujilí, www.municipiopujili.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Salcedo, www.salcedo.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Saquisilí, www.saquisili.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Sigchos, www.municipiodesigchos.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Arenillas,
www.imunicipalidadarenillas.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Atahualpa,
www.municipioatahualpa.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Balsas
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Chilla
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón El Guabo, www.elguabo.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Huaquillas, www.huaquillas.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Las Lajas, www.laslajas.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Machala, www.machala.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Marcabeli
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Pasaje, www.municipiodepasaje.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Piñas, www.pinas.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Portovelo
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Santa Rosa, www.santarosa.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Zaruma, www.zaruma.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Atacames,
www.municipioatacames.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Eloy Alfaro, www.eloyalfaro.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Esmeraldas,
www.municipioesmeraldas.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón La Concordia, www.laconcordia.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Muisne, www.muisne.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Quinindé, www.quininde.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Rio Verde, www.rioverde.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón San Lorenzo,
www.sanlorenzodelpailon.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Isabela
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón San Cristóbal,
www.sancristobalgalapagos.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Santa Cruz, www.santacruz.gov.ec
83 •
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•
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Alfredo Baquerizo Moreno (Juján),
www.jujan.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Balao, www.municipiodebalao.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Balzar, www.balzar.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Colimes,
www.gobiernomunicipaldecolimes.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Coronel Marcelino Maridueña
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Daule, www.daule.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Durán, www.duran.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón El Empalme,
www.municipioelempalme.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón El Triunfo,
www.municipiodeltriunfo.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón General Antonio Elizalde
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Guayaquil, www.guayaquil.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Isidro Ayora, www.isidroayora.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Lomas de Sargentillo
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Milagro, www.milagro.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Naranjal, www.naranjal.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Naranjito, www.municipionaranjito.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Nobol /Piedrahita, www.nobol.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Palestina,
www.gobiernomunicipalautonomodepalestina.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Pedro Carbo, www.pedrocarbo.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Playas, www.municipioplayas.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Salitre
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Samborondón
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Santa Lucía, www.santalucia.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Simón Bolívar,
www.municipiosimonbolivar.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Yaguachi
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Antonio Ante, www.antonioante.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Cotacachi, www.cotacachi.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Ibarra, www.ibarra.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Otavalo, www.otavalo.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Pimampiro,
www.minicipiopimampiro.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Urcuquí
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Calvas, www.municipiocalvas.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Catamayo,
www.municipiodecatamayo.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Celica, www.celicanos.com
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Chaguarpamba,
www.municipiochaguarpamba.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Espíndola
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Gonzanamá, www.gonzanama.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Loja, www.loja.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Macará, www.municIpiodemacara.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Olmedo
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Paltas, www.munpaltas.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Pindal, www.pindal.gov.ec
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Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Puyango, www.puyango.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Quilanga
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Saraguro,
www.municipiodesaraguro.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Sozoranga, www.sozoranga.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Zapotillo, www.mzapotillo.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Baba, www.municipiodebaba.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Babahoyo, www.babahoyo.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Buena Fé, www.buenafe.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Mocache
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Montalvo, www.munimontalvo.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Palenque,
www.municpiodepalenque.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Pueblo Viejo,
www.sanfranciscodepuebloviejo.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Quevedo, www.quevedo.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Quinsaloma
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Urdaneta, www.municipiourdante.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Valencia
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Ventanas, www.municipioventanas.org
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Vinces, www.municipalidadvinces.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón 24 de Mayo, www.24demayo.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Bolívar, www.cantonbolivar.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Chone, www.chone.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón El Carmen, www.elcarmen.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Flavio Alfaro, www.flavioalfaro.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Jama, www.jama.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Jaramijó, www.jaramijo.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Jipijapa, www.municipiojipijapa.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Junín, www.municipiodejunin.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Manta, www.manta.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Montecristi, www.montecristi.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Olmedo
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Paján, www.pajan.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Pedernales, www.pedernales.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Pichincha,
www.municipiopichincha.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Portoviejo, www.portoviejo.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Puerto López, www.municipio-pl.com
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Rocafuerte, www.rocafuerte.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón San Vicente,
www.gobiernocantonaldesanvicente.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Santa Ana, www.santaana.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Sucre
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Tosagua, www.tosagua.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Gualaquiza, www.gualaquiza.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Huamboya, www.huamboya.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Limón Indanza,
www.limonindanza.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Logroño, www.logrono.gob.ec
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Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Morona, www.macas.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Pablo Sexto, www.pablosexto.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Palora, www.palora.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón San Juan Bosco,
www.sanjuanbosco.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Santiago
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Sucúa, www.sucua.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Taisha, www.municipiotaisha.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Tiwintza,
www.municipiodetiwintza.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Archidona,
www.municipioarchidona.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola,
www.municipioarosemenatola.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón El Chaco, www.elchaco.gob.com
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Quijos, www.quijos.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Tena, www.tena.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Aguarico, www.aguarico.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Francisco de Orellana,
www.orellana.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Joya de los Sachas,
www.munjoyasachas.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Loreto, www.loreto.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Arajuno, www.arajuno.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Mera, www.municipiomera.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Pastaza, www.puyo.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Santa Clara, www.santaclara.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Cayambe,
www.municipiocayambe.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Mejía, www.municipiodemejia.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Pedro Moncayo,
www.pedromoncayo.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Pedro Vicente Maldonado,
www.pedrovicentemaldonado.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Puerto Quito, www.puertoquito.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Quito, www.quito.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Rumiñahui, www.ruminahui.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón San Miguel de los Bancos,
www.municipiodesanmigueldelosbancos.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón La libertad, www.lalibertad.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Salinas
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Santa Elena,
www.municipiosantaelena.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Santo Domingo de los Colorados,
www.santodomingo.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Cascales, www.cascales.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Cuyabeno,
www.municipiocuyabeno.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Gonzalo Pizarro
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Lago Agrio, www.lagoagrio.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Putumayo, www.putumayo.gob.ec
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Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Sushufindi, www.shushufindi.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Sucumbíos
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Ambato, www.ambato.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Baños, www.municipiobanos.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Cevallos, www.cevallos.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Mocha, www.municipiomocha.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Patate, www.patate.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Pelileo, www.pelileo.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Píllaro, www.pillaro.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Quero, www.quero.gov.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Tisaleo, www.tisaleo.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Centinela del Cóndor,
www.centineladelcondor.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Chinchipe,
www.municipiodechinchipe.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón El Pangui
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Nangaritza
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Palanda
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Paquisha, www.paquisha.gob.ec
Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Yacuambi,
www.municipioyacuambi.gob.ec
¾ GOBIERNOS PROVINCIALES DEL ECUADOR:
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Gobierno Provincial de Azuay, www.azuay.gob.ec
Gobierno Provincial de Cañar, www.hcpcanar.gob.ec
Gobierno Provincial de Carchi, www.carchi.gob.ec
Gobierno Provincial de Cotopaxi, www.cotopaxi.gov.ec
Gobierno Provincial de Esmeraldas, www.prefecturadeesmeraldas.gob.ec
Gobierno Provincial de Guayas, www.guayas.gob.ec
Gobierno Provincial de Imbabura, www.imbabura.gob.ec
Gobierno Provincial de Loja, www.gpml.gob.ec
Gobierno Provincial de Los Ríos, www.los-rios.gob.ec
Gobierno Provincial de Manabí, www.manabi.gob.ec
Gobierno Provincial de Morona Santiago, www.moronasamtiago.gob.ec
Gobierno Provincial de Napo, www.napo.gob.ec
Gobierno Provincial de Pastaza, www.pastaza.gob.ec
Gobierno Provincial de Pichincha, www.pichincha.gob.ec, www.pichinchaldia.gob.ec
Gobierno Provincial de Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, www.gptsachila.gob.ec
Gobierno Provincial de Santa Elena, www.santaelena.gob.ec
Gobierno Provincial de Sucumbíos, www.sucumbios.gob.ec
Gobierno Provincial de Zamora Chinchipe, www.zamora-chinchipe.gob.ec
Gobierno Provincial de Bolívar, www.gobiernodebolivar.gob.ec
Gobierno Provincial de El Oro
Gobierno Provincial de Orellana
Gobierno Provincial de Tungurahua
87

preliminary report - Ministerio de Telecomunicaciones y de la

Transcripción

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