(Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Kuschel

SYSTEMATICS
•
Systematics of the Patagonian Genus Acrostomus
Kuschel
(Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
J UAN J. MORRO 'E
Laboratorio de Si stern:iti ca y Bi ologfa Evolutiva , Musco de La Plata, Paseo del Bos li e
1900 La Plata, Argentina
q •
ABSTRA
Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am . 87(4): 403-411(994)
b'
CT ~\crost~m us Ku sche l is di stinguis hed from othe r Rhytirrhinini Li strod e rina
y I~S .protrudlng ep lstorne and the presence of a tooth in the scrobe. It includes (in
c1adl.shc ~equence) A. cnlra li~ Kusche l, A. griseus (Gull rin), A. magellanicus Ku sche l, A.
fove,~olhs K.uschel . A. bOl e/II (.H~ stache),~. vianai Ku schel, and A. mordor Morrone, n.
sp. DI~g?ostiC ch~~cters, ?eSCnphons, and Illustration s of the genus and species are given,
a c1adl~hc analY~ls IS carned out, and a key for identifying the species is presented. This
ge~us IS endemic to the Patagonian biogeographi c p rovince of southern Argentina and
Chile. Aerostomlls eru rafis is di stributed on the Atlanti c Coast, an d the re maining spec ies
of the genus are found on th e easte rn margin of the And ea n Co rdill era.
KEY WO RDS
•,
Rh yti rrhin ini , Patagonia, cladi stics
THE PATAGONlAN STEPPES comprise the unfores ted areas east from th e south ern Andes to the
Atlantic Coast and are characterized by xerophilous vegetation of spin y shrubs and hard grasses.
Largely res tri cted to Argen tin a, th ey also ex tend
in some p laces to Chile (Malleco, Ayse n, and
Maga llanes), always to the eas t of the hi gh An dean cres t (Ku sche l 1960, Pe n a 1966, O' Brien
1971). A basic feature of the weevil faun a of this
area is the dominance of the Entimini ; C ylydrorltinus Guerin has 50 species described from
the area. Rh ytirrhinini Listroderina. by contrast,
are represented poorly. Rece ntl y, I revis.ed Hyperoides Marshall (Morrone 1993a), will ch has
one Patagonian species. In this articl e, I reVise
anothe r ge nus of Listroderina. A crostomus
Ku schel, e ndem ic to the area.
_
Acrostomus was established by Ku sc he l (195;:,)
for Adio,;stus IJruchi Hustache . Ku sche l (1958)
described A. crura lis, A. foveicollis, A. magellanictlS, an d A. vianai. Morrone (1994a), while a~a­
Iyzi ng the generic assignme nt of th e species
form e rly placed in Lis troderes Schoen herr,
transferred L. grise us Guerin to Acrostomus. Exami nation of the collections of the Museo Argentino de C iencias Naturales " Bernardino
Rivadavia" (Bue nos Aires, Argentina) led to the
di scovery of an undescribed species of this genus. Thi s study provides a systematic and cladi s tic analysis of the species of Acrostomu s.
sc um of Natural Hi story (AMNH ), New York
(Lee H. He rman, Jr.); The Natura l History Mu-
seum (BM ' H), London (Christopher H. Lyal);
Carl os Bord6n, private collection (C BPC), Maracay, Ve nez ue la; Charl es W . O'Brien, private collection (CWO B), Tallahassee, FL; Fundaci6n e
" " tituto Mi gue l Lillo (F IML), San Mi guel de
Tucuman, Argen tina (Artu ro L . Teran ); Institut o
Patag6ni co de Ciencias Naturales o p eN), San
Martin de los And es, Arge ntin a (Mario Gentili);
instituto de la Patagonia, Universidad de Magallanes (I rUM ), Punta Arenas, C hil e (Jose Petcrsen ); Museo Argentino de Ciencias Natur.ales
" Bernardino Rivadavia" (MAC N), Bue nos AIres,
Argentina (Axel Bachmann); Museo ' ~cional ~e
Historia Natura l (M HNS ), Santi ago, C hd e (Man o
Elgueta); Museo de La Plata (MLP), La Plata,
Argentina (Ri cardo Rond e ros); and Nation.al Muse um or Natural History (U SNM ), Was hlll gton ,
DC (J ames Pakaluk ).
.
Measuremen ts wcre made with an ocu lar 1111 crome ter in a stereoscopic microscope. Body
le ngth was meas ured dorsally, along th e midline,
rrom th e elytral apex to th e fore margin of the
prothorax . Drawings were made with th~ aid. of a
camera lucida attached to the stereOSCopIC microscope.
. .
.
The species were analyzed cladlsttcall y uStng
34 morphological characters, with all multistate
characte rs treated as nonadditive. The datA matrix (Table 1) was analyzed app lying th e implicit
Mate ri als and Me thods
e numeration opti on of Hen ni g86 ve rsion 1.5
(Farri s 1988). The cladogram was rooted using
Specimens were provided by the foll~wing inth e ge nus Listroderes Schoenherr. C LADOS
stituti ons an d private collection s: Amencan MuOOt3-87461941040J.-0..tt IS0"2.001O C 1994 Entomological Society or America
TltE ENTOMOLOGICAL
ANNAL S Of
404
SOCiETY OF At\.'I £RlCA
.
.
.
11 (
' iXOll
1992) was e mployed for ex·
::~~~~iO~ of characteryzdi~r!~~I~~l;~ilows:
c
The characters anal
-latc' (1 ) sparsely
1. Frons. [01 dense l y pune
,
punctalte ·
n [0] flat · [ I] slightly con•
vex· [2] strongly convex.
[ ]
3. Ros'trallon gitudinal carin ~le. (01 three; 1
two, late ral; [21 o ne, ~ ed lan.
. [ I]
4. Ros tral basal impreSSIO n. [0] absent,
2. Rostra d orsUl.
present.
[] . h
I
- Scrobe. [01 lacking tooth; 1 Wit re a;). tivel y small , weak protruding tooth ; [2]
with large, stron g tooth.
.
6. Scape. [0] exceeding hil['d] marghl~l ofh~yed·
when resting in scrobe; 1 reac IIlg In
margin of eye when resting in scrobe.
7. Epistome. [0] not pro~uding; [.11 p[ro]trudin g, with sharp poste nor m~rgtn ; 2. protruding, with smooth poste nor marg11l ..
8. Prothorax shape. [0] transverse or subc trcu lar; [1] subquadrate.
9. Prothoracic base. [0] wider than apex; [ I]
as wide as apex.
10. Prothorac ic longitudinal su\cus. [0] abse nt ; [1] present, shall ow; [2] prese nt ,
deep.
11. Prothoracic lateral impressions. [0] abse nt; [1] present, supe rfic ial ; [21 prese nt,
deep.
12. Prothoracic punctures. [0] sparse; [1]
abundant.
13. Number of punctures o n stria 4. [0] < 25;
[I] 26-30; [I] > 3 1.
14 . Interelytra l suture. [0] not e levate d at dec1iv ital area; [1] e levate d at declivitaI area.
15. Declivital tubercles. [OJ present; [1] absent.
16. Scutellum shape. [0] subtriangular; [I]
e lo ngate.
17. External margin ofprolibial apex. rOl lackin g tooth ; [J] with small tooth ; [2] with
large tooth.
18. Aedeagus. [0] robust in latera l view; [ I]
sle nder in lateral view.
19. Margins of aedeagus. [0] smooth ; [I] rugose.
20. In ternal sac. [01 lackin g dentiform scle rites; [I J with dentiform scle rite.
21. Apodemes. [0] slightl y longer than or as
10llg as tube; [1] shorter than tube.
22. Female stern um 8 p late. [0] s ubc ircular;
[1] subpentago nal.
23. Length of arms of femal e ste rnum 8. [0]
101lg, exceeding middle of plate; [I J short,
not reaching middle of p late.
24. Base of arms of fe mal e ste rnum 8. [0] inc ised; [I J not incised.
25. Apical margin of female ste rnum 8. [0]
with sparse se tae ; [IJ with abundant setae.
26. Apod e me of fe male sternum 8. [0] expanded at apex; [1] not ex pande d at apex.
Vol. 87 , no. 4
·t · [0] with setae; [l]lacklllg
27. l-i C11l1St e rlll es.
setae.
[ I] ·t ongly sclero98 Styli. [0] digitiforn1;
sr
i
t·- > I
~ .
I·k . [2] strongly sc ero Ize( ,
ti zcd, spoon
29.
1
e,
SI~~~I~:~I~eca.
~~~~~n~e-
{01 noduhd,s and
vel oped' III nodulus an ramus. I . .
,
[0] · oth- [ 1] gran II ose.
30. Integum e nt.
smo
,
I
[0] subVestiture of prothorax a~d e ytra,.
3 1. circular scales; [1] setahke scales. .
I
32. Setalike scales on roslldrum·I[Ol ab,se[nzt]; e[ n]
coverin g longi tudina Drsa cann< ;
tirely covering dorsum.
.
Setalike scales on prothorax. [0] cn ttre ly
33. cove ring pronotul1l; [11 in three stripes [2.]
in one median stripe [3] sparse .
34. Se talike scales on elytra. [0] sparse, not
covering a ll ; [ 1] abundant, covering all ;
{2] in small patches.
Results
Acrostomus Kuschel
T ype species: Adioristus bruchi Hustac he , 1926
(original designation)
Acrostomus Ku sc hcl, 1955: 287, 1958: 232 (key);
Wibme r & O'Brien, 1986: 11 5 (list).
Diagnosis. Acrostomus is distinguishcd by the
protrud in g epis tome and th e presence of a tooth
o n th e ve ntra l carina of th c scrobe.
Ceneral habitus (Fig. 1). ~Iedium to large
(bod y le ngth 7.3-13.8 10m). lntegumcnt black.
Ves titurc of se tal i ke scalcs (subc ircular in A. crura/is) and setae. Frons lacking fovea. Eyes ovate.
medium, Aat. Ros trum sli ght ly curved, shorter
th a n prothorax, with 1-3 lon gitudinal , dorsal carinac. Scrobes shall ow, lateral, directed toward
but not reaching eyes; ve ntral carina with tooth.
Pte rygia devel oped. Epistomc protruding. Mandibles robust, external facc with 2 setae. Antcnnae subapicall y inserted ; scape ge nerall y reaching hind margin of eye when res tin g in scrobe;
article 1 of funicl e longe r than 2, art icles 3-6
s ubglobose; club e lliptical. Prothorax usually
s ubquadrate; postocular lobes present. Metepiste rn a l suture present. Scutellum vis ible. Elytra
ovate, wider th an prothorax, convex ; intervals
us ually flat (co nvex in A. Joveicollis) ; hum eri
ro und ed ; anteapical tubercles absent. Legs with
rob ust femora ; tibiae mucronate, with spurs ; protibial apex ex ternall y with toot h; tarsomcre 3 bilobate.
Male . Aed eagus (Figs. 2-15) scleroti zed , sle nder or robust in lateral view; inte rna l sac us ua ll y
with dentiform sclerite; basal scleri tcs absent.
Tegmen lacking paramcres.
Female. Sternum 8 (F igs. 16-20) usually s ubcircu lar; wi th 2 sci eroti zed arms. Hem iste rnites
(Figs. 21 , 22) short; styli strongly sclerotized, api-
Jul y 1994
M ORRONE:
A CroSt 0 1nll S
405
range~ according to the foll ow in g seq ue nce: A.
c.ruralis, A. griseus, A. magella nicus, A. foveico lli s, A . bruchi, A . via nai, and A. mordor.
Ke y to Species of Acrostomus
J.
•
2 (I ).
3 (2).
4 (3).
1
Fig. 1. A crostom us bruchi, mal e habitu s.
cal, genera ll y spoon like. Spe nnatheca (Figs. 23,
24) usuall y lac king nodu lus and ramus.
Distribution and Habitat. Species of AcrostomU $ are e ndemic to th e Patagoni an bi ogeograp hi c province (Cabrera & Will ink 1973).
Acrostomu s cruralis, from th e Atla nti c Coas t,
shows a re markable di sjunction in re lation to th e
oth er species of the ge nus, whi ch are found in
the easte rn margin of th e Andean Cordill e ra
(Fig. 25). Species of Acrostomus are associated
w ith xeroph il ous plants of the genera Azo rella ,
Bolax, a nd Mulinum (Apiace ae); larvae are gree n
a nd li ve exte rn a ll y, feeding on th e leaves o f th e ir
host plants (Ku sche l 1958 ).
C ladistics. Exact analys is of the matrix (Tab le
1) w ith He nnig86 res ulte d in o ne ciadogram , stable to successive weightin g, w ith 71 ste ps, a co nsiste ncy ind ex of 0.66, and a re te nti o n index of
0.47 (Fig. 26). Spec ies of A crostomu s are ar-
-
5 (4).
6 (4).
Vestiture of subc irc ul ar scales' ve ntral
carina of scrobe with 2 teeth ;' ros trum
wi th 1 longitudina l dorsal ca rina; apex
of protibia exte rnally with pro min e nt
tooth .. . . . . . . . . . . cnlmlis Ku sc he l
Vestiture of seta l ike scales; ventra l carina of scrobc w ith 1 tooth ; ros trum with
2-3 longitud in al dorsal carin ae; apex of
protibia exte rn a ll y w ith slig htl y prominent tooth or lac kin g tooth .. . ... 2
Integument gra nul ose; prothorax s ubc ircu lar, cove re d w ith setalike scales;
rostmm w ith Hat do rsum . base lackin g
impress ion ; each e lytron w ith 3 decl ivital tubercl es . . . . . . . g risell s (Guerin )
Inte gument s mooth ; prot horax subquadrate, setalike scales s parse, not
cove ring a ll of surface or in 1-3 stripes;
rostrum with convex dors um, base w ith
deep impress ion ; eac h e lytron lackin g
decli vital tube rcl es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Setalike scal es of prothorax in 3 stripes;
apex of protibia ex te rna ll y lac king
tooth
.. brtlchi (Hustache)
Setalike scales of prothorax sparse, not
cove rin g all surface, or in 2 stripes;
apex of protibia ex te rn a ll y w ith large
tooth. . . . . . .
. ........ 4
Ro strum w ith strongly convex dorsum ,
setalike scales covering lo ngitud in al
dorsal carin a; e pi sto me with s mooth
margin ; prothorax w ith base wider
tha n apex; each e lytron w ith stria 4
. .. 5
wi th <30 punctures . .
Rostrum with slightl y co nvex do rs um ,
lacking se ta like scales; e pisto me with
s harp margin ; prothorax with base as
wide as apex; each e lytrOll wi th stria 4
.6
with >30 punctures
Head with sparse pUl1ctati o n; scrobe
w ith large, strong tooth ; rostrum w ith 3
lon gitud in al dorsal carin ae; prothorax
w ith deep longitudinal sulcus; e lytra
with convex inte rstri ae , stria 4 with
< 25 punctures; protibia w ith small
mu cro .
. fo veicollis Ku sche l
Head with abundant punctati on ; scro be
with re lati ve ly sma ll , weak tooth ; rostrum wi th 2 longitudina l dorsal carinae; prothorax w ith sli ghtl y de ve loped
longitudinal s ul cu s; e lytra w ith Hat inte rstri ae, stri a 4 w ith 26-30 punctures ;
protibia w ith large mu cro
. . . . . . . . . . magellanicus Ku sche l
He ad w ith abunda nt punctation ; rostrum with 3 longitudin al dorsal cari -
Vol. 87, no. 4
ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
406
4
3
7
5
8
9
Figs. 2-9. Acros tom us, mal e ge nitalia. 2, 4 , 6, 8 , aed eagu s, dorsal; 3, 5, 7, 9, aed eagus, lateral , 2, 3, A. griseus ;
4, 5, A. cn lralis; 6, 7, A. viana;; 8, 9, A. mordor.
nae; prothorax lackin g longitudinal
sul cus, with sparse se tal ike scales in
median portion
.. v iarwi Ku sche l
Head with sparse punctation; rostrum
w ith 2 lon gi tudina l dorsal carinae; pro·
th orax with slightl y developed longitudina l su lcus, with sparse se tal ike
scales in median portion
. mordor Morrone, n. 5p.
rin a, scrobes with 2 te e th , prothorax transve rse,
and bod y ves titure of subcirc ular scales.
Male. Integum e nt granu lose. Fron s de nsely
punctate. Rostrum with Rat dorsum and 1 longitudinal dorsal carina; lacking transverse impression at base. Scrobe s with 2 re lative ly small ,
weak teeth on ventra l ca rina. Ante nnae wit h
A crostomus cruralis Kuschel
(Figs. 4 and 5)
A crost omus cTuralis Ku sche l, 1958: 234 ; Wibmer & O ' Brie n, 1986, 115 (list).
Diagnosis. Di stin gui shed by th e following
characters: ros trum with J lon gitudinal d orsal ca10
11
12
13
~
14
IS
'~\
\
\
23 ~ 24&7
v
U
Figs. 1~15. Acrosto mus, male genitalia. 10, 12, 14,
aedeagus, dorsal; 11 , 13, IS, aedeagus , lateral ; 10, II , A.
bruclii; 12, 13. A. magellan icus; 14. IS. A. joveicollis.
Figs. 16--24. Acros tomu s. female genitalia. 16-20,
female ste rnum 8, ventra l; 21. 22. hemi stern ite, ve ntral; 23. 24 , spermatheca. 16, A. griseus; 17, 2 1, 23, A.
mordor; 18, 24 , A. bruchi; 19, A. magellanic us; 20, 22,
A . joveicollis.
•
Jul y 1994
MOHRONE :
Acrostonw s
Table I .
407
Oalll m a lri~ for Acro.fIQmw
Tu:mn
12
3
1234 567800 J234567890 1234567800 1234
U s/nulcres
A. cnt ra/is
•
A . Rr/se ll $
1\ . mOf.,!ellollic lI s
A. /ol;eicollis
A. brllclli
A . c ill/wi
1\ . "'ardor
••
0020 III 0000 1/1 1111 OOO???????? 10 I ??
0000102000 11 00002101 1101010111 1201
011 111 21011 12010201100101001 101020
11012 1210220011120110000110 1101020
0201111 101211110201111111111001212
0201 2 111101111102111O????????o II 30
121 121 111111111020110100011 210 1120
O. Plesio morphic c hara(:ler slates; I. 2, a nd 3. apomorphic
dlaniClerS stales; ? miss ing d:lla.
8 (cat.); Blac kwe lde r, 1947 , 8 13 (lis t); Elgueta
& Jackson, 1987, 73 (list); Wibmer & O ' Bri en,
1986, 114 (list).
Listroderes pubesce ,1S Ge rmain , 1895: 481 ,
191L 205 (list); Kolbe, 1907, 104 (cat.); Bruc h,
19 15 , 4 15 (cat. ); Ku sche l, 1955, 289 (= L. g riseil s); Elgueta & Morrone, 1993, 138 (types).
Acrost.omu s griseus: Morrone, 1994a: 6.
Fig. 25. Geographica l di stribution of the species of
Acrostom us. 1, A. crura/is; 2, 1\ . griseus; 3, A. magel·
ianicus; 4, A . joveicoll is; 5, A . bru chi ; 6, A. via l/ai,
,
scape re aching hind margin of eye whe n resting
in scrobe. Epi stom e wi th sharp margin. Prot hofax tran sverse, base wid e r than apex , sides
strongly round e d ; dorsum de nsely puncta te,
lackin g longitudinal s ulcus and lateral impressions; subcircu la r scal es in 3 stripes. Scute ll um
e lon gate. E lytra with Rat inte rvals; stria 4 with
>3 1 pUllctu res; interelytra l su ture e levated at
declivita l area; lacking dec li vital tube rcl e;
sparsely cove re d with subcircu lar scales . Protibiae w ith large muc ro ; apex ex te rnally with large
tooth . Aed e agus (Figs. 4, 5) slende r in latera l
view; ma rgins smooth ; inte rn a l sac lac king den·
tiform scle rite; apodemes as long as tube. Le ngt h
9.0- 12.0 mm .
T ype Material. Holotype 9 (1 1630), Arge ntina,
Comocloro Ri vadavia (MACN ). Allotype <5, Argentina, C hubut, Va ldez Pe nin sula, XI-23, G . L.
Harrington (U SNM ). Paratype, Argen tina,
Chubut (MACN ).
A crostomus g riseus (G uerin )
(Figs. 2, 3, 16)
Listroderes griseus Guerin , 1839: 305; Blanchard, 185 L 337; Gemmin ge r & Haro ld , 187 1,
2360 (cat. ); Kolbe, 1907 , 103 (cat. ); Bruch ,
1915, 414 (cat. ); Sche nklin g & Marsha ll , 193 1,
Diagnosis. Di stingui shed by th e following
c haracte rs: s ubc ircular prothorax, eac h e lytron
with 3 decl ivital tube rcl es, and e ntire ly cove re d
by se talike scales.
Male. Integum e nt granul ose. Frons de nsely
punctate. Ros trum wit h flat dors um and 3 longitudin a l dorsal carinae; lackin g tran sve rse impress ion at base; e ntire ly cove red by setal ike
scales. Scrobes w ith re lative ly small, wea k tooth
o n ven tra l carina. Antennae wi th scape exceedin g hind margin of eye w he n res tin g in sc robe.
Epi stome wi th smooth margin . Prothorax s ubc irc ular, base wider than apex, sides stro ngl y
ro unde d ; dorsum de nsely punctate, lacking longitudinal sulcus, with 2 superfi c ial, subcircu lar,
latera l impress ions ; e ntire ly covered b y sc talike
scales. Scutellum subtrianguiar. Eiytra with flat
intervals; stria 4 w ith < 25 punctures; intc rc lytral
su ture not e levate d at declivital area; with 3
sli ghtl y deve loped declivital tubercles in inte rva ls 2-4 ; se tal ike scales ab unda nt, cove ring
e lytral surface. Protib iae with large mucro; apex
exte rnally with small tooth. Aed eagus (Figs . 2, 3)
slende r in lateral view; margins smooth ; inte rnal
sac with dentiform scle rite; apodemes shorte r
th an tube.
Female. Ste rnum 8 (Fig. 16) s ubpentago nal,
ap ical margin with spa rse se tae ; arm s long, exceedin g middl e of plate . basall y not inc ised ; apodc me not expanded at apex. He miste rnites similar to those of A. ! oveico(fi s (Fig. 22), with setae;
styli spoon like . Spe rm ath eca simi lar to that or A.
morc/or (Fig. 23), nodulus and ramu s absent.
Le ngth 7.7-10.1 mm.
T ype Material. Lectotype d of L. pubesce ns ,
Chil e , Maga ll anes (MH NS ). Seven para lectotypes wit h th e same data (MH NS ).
.-
Vol. 87, no. 4
ANNALS Of THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Of AMEn,l eA
408
List roderes
•
, , ,
"
.
• ,, u, u, ", , , , , , , ,
~ ,
""16l1~JO].l
1•
.
A. cruralis
un"
11 1< Jl 5'>
•••, , , ,
,
, ", , , , ,
••
., 1'0
,
A. griseus
•
)1
,
1011"<,\10].1))
, , , , • , , •
•,
A. magellanicus
UlJlb
, ,, ,•
n
,,, ,••
10
q-
,,
II 1) I.
I
,I'
l> 1r II
: ,,,
26
Fig. 26.
A. foveicolli s
,
11 II
I. l ' II JJ ],<,
, , , •, ,
.. n
.
, ,
I
n
" ,,
,• , ,
• ,,,
n
,
A. bruchi
A. vianai
A. Illordor
Cladogram of the species of A c rostot1lll S.
Other Material Examined. ARGENTI NA
(w ithout precise data): "Patagon ia," 2 (MLP).
C HIL E: Magallanes: Dos Lagunas, "under
wood," 14-1 -68, C. W. & L. O'Brien call., 3
(CWOB); Estan cia Brazo Norte, 24-X-80, J. Peterse n call., 1 (IPU M); Rio Pescado , 16- 1-68. L. &
C. W. O'Brien call. , 1 (CWO B); Rio Verd e
(beach ), " unde r wood," 16-1-68, C. W. & L.
O'Brien call. , 48 (CWO B); Seno Otway, Laguna
del Ta ro, 19-X I-50, T . Cekalovic call ., 2 (F IML);
Ush Aike, 6- 111 -78, M. Martinic call. , 1 (IPUM ).
those of A. fovei collis (Fig. 22), with setae; styli
spoon like . Spennatheca similar to that of A. mordor (Fig. 23), nodulu s and ramu s absent.
Length 8.5-9.4 mm .
Type Material. Two pa ratypes, Chil e, lagallanes, CO Castill o, C· Cazador, 800 m, 9- 11 -57, sl
Azorella sp. , Ku sche l (1 BMNH , I USN M),
Other Material Exam ined. C HILE : Magallanes: Cerro Castillo, 10-11 -57, T . Ceblovic call .,
1 (MH NS ); Cerro Guido, 11-11-57, T . Cekalovic
call. , 1 (U SNM ).
Acrostomus magellanicus Kusc hel
(Figs. 12, 13, 19)
Acrostomus fo ve icollis Ku sc he l
(Figs. 14 , 15, 20, 22)
AcrostomllS nlagellan icus Ku sc he l, 1958: 233;
Cekalovic, 1974: 307 (biogeog.); Wibmer &
O' Brien, 1986: 115 (list),
Acrostomus foveicol/i s Ku sc he l, 1958: 232; Wibmer & O' Bri e n, 1986: 115 (lis t).
Diagnosis. Distinguished by th e expa nd ed
apex of the apodeme of female ste rnum 8.
Male. Integument smooth . Fron s de nsely
punctate. Rostrum with Aat dorsum and J longitudinal dorsal carina; with transverse impression
at base ; setalike scales restricted to me dian carina. Scrobes wit h re lative ly small , weak tooth on
ventral carina. Antennae with scape reachin g
hind margin of eye when resting in scrobe. Epistome with smooth margin . Prothorax s ubquadrate, base wider than apex, sides subparalle l;
dorsum den se ly punctate, with shall ow longitudinal sulcus and 2 superfi c ial , subci rcular, lateral
impressions; seta like scales in median stripe.
Scutellum subtria ngul ar. Elytra with Hat intervals; stria 4 w ith 26-30 punctu res; inte rclytral
suture not e levate d at declivital area; lacking declivital tubercle ; setalike scales sparse. Protibiae
with la rge mu cro; apex ex te rn a ll y with small
tooth. Aede<-lgus (Figs. J2, J3) robust in late ral
view; margins rugose ; internal sac with dentiform sclerite; apode mes sli ghtly longer than
tube.
Female. Sternum 8 (Fig. 19) s ubcirc ular. apica l
margin with abundant setae; arms short, not
reaching middle of plate, basally inCised ; apodeme ex pande d at apex. Hemisterni tes simi la r to
Diagnosis. Distin gui shed by th e dee p lo ngitu dinal s ul cus in th e prothorax and the small protibi a l mucro.
Male . Integument smooth. Frons sparse ly
punctate. Rostmm with strongly convex dors um
and 3 longitudinal dorsal cari nac; with transverse impress ion at base; setalik c scales restricted to median carina. Scrobes with large ,
strong tooth on ventra l carina. Ant e nnae with
sca pe reachin g hind margin of eye when resting
in scrobe. Epistome with smooth margin. Prothorax subquad rate. base wider than apex, sides
s ubpanl Ile l; dorsum sparsely punctate, with
deep lo ngitudina l sul c us and 2 dee p, subcircular, lateral impressions; setalike scales in median
stripe. Scutellu m e lo ngate. Elytra with co nvex
intervals ; stria 4 w ith < 25 punctures ; inte re lytra l
suture e levated at decl ivital area; lackin g declivital tubercle; seta like scales sparse. Protibiae
with small mucro; apex ex te rn a ll y with small
tooth . Aedeagus ( Fi gs. 14 , J5) robus t in latera l
view; margins rugose; internal sac w ith dentiform scle rite; apodemes slightly longer than
tube.
Fem,ale. Sternum 8 (Fig. 20) subcircu lar, apica l
margin with abundant setae; arllls long, exceedin g midd le of plate, basally in cised; apodeme not
e xpande d at apex. He miste rnites (Fig. 22) with
.
July 1994
MORHONE:
setae; styl i spoon like. Spermatheca similar to
that of A. mordor ( Fig. 23), nodu lus and ramus
absent.
Length 9.8-10.7 111111.
Material Examined. AHCENTINA, Santa
Cruz, Lago Viedl11a, 1/3-1 11 -74 , Bord6n colI. , 5 (2
CBPC, I CWOB, 2 MHNS).
Acrostomus bruchi (Hust-ache)
(Figs. I , 10, II , 18, 24)
Adioristus bruehi Hustac he, 1926, 186; Schenkling & Marshall, 1931, 4 (caL); Blackwelder,
1947, 812 (list); Hinguelet, 1955, 101 (biogeog.).
Acrostomus bruchi: Kuschel, 1955: 289; \Vibm er
& O' Brie n, 1986, 115 (li st).
,
Diagnosis. Distinguished by the small patches
of setal ike scales on the e lytra.
Male (habitus, Fig. 1). Integument smooth.
Frons densely punctate. Rostrum with slightl y
convex dorsum and 3 longitudinal dorsal cari nae;
with transverse impress io n at base; e ntirely covered by setalike scales. Scrobes with re latively
small, weak tooth 011 ventral carina. Antennae
with scape reac hing hind margin of eye when
resting in scrobe. Epistome with sharp margin.
Prothorax subquadrate, base wider than apex,
sides subparall e l; dorsum dense ly punctate, with
shall ow longitudinal su lcus and 2 deep, subc ircular, lateral impressions; setalike scales in 3
stripes. Scutellum subtriangu lar. Elytra with Aat
intervals' stria 4 with >3 1 punctures; interelytral
s uture e l ~vatcd at declivital area; lacking declivital tubercle; setalike scales in small patches.
Protibiae with large mucro; apex ex te rnally with
small tooth. Aedeagus (i'igs. 10, II ) robu st in
lateral view; margins rugose; inte rnal sac with
dentiform sclerite; apodemes shorter than tube.
Female. Sternul11 8 (Fig. 18) subpen tagona l,
apical margin with abundant se tae; arm.s S!lort,
not reaching middle of plate, basally not in Cised;
apodeme not expanded at apex. Hem isternit es
similar to those of A. foveicollis (Fig. 22), lacking
setae ; styli spoon like. Spermatheca (Fig. 24),
nodulus and ramus slightly developed.
Length 8.5-13.8 mm.
Material Examined. AHCENTlNA, Neuquen,
Chacayal, 26-XII-57, S. Schajovskoy coli ., I
(MLP); Coll6n Cura, 8-X II -55, S; Schajovskoy
coli ., 7 (MLI' ); Hlo Alumino, 8-XI-55, C. C .a.
coil., I (MLP); Saliico, 1000 m, 23-XI-68, I
(lPCN); without precise data, I (MLP). Hfo Negro: Baril ochc, Richter co iL , 6 (MLP); Without
precise data, 20 (I CWOB, 19 MACN). Without
precise data, 3 (2 eWOB, I M LP).
Acrostomus vianai Kuschel
(Figs. 6 and 7)
A crostomus vianlli Ku sche l, 1958: 233; \Vibmer
& O'Bri e n, 1986, 115 (list).
-
Acrostom us
409
Diagnosis. Distingui s hed by the prothorax
with sparse se talike scales in median portion.
Male. Integumen t smooth. Frons densely
punctate. Rostrum with slightly co nvex dorsum
and 3 longitudinal dorsal carinae; with transverse impression at base; lacking setalike scales.
Scrobes with large, stro ng tooth on ventral carina. Antennae with scape reaching hind margin
of eye when res ting in scrobe. Epistome with
sharp margin. Prothorax subquadrate, base as
wide as apex, sides subparall e l; dors um densely
punctate, lackin g Iongihldinal sulcu s, with 2 superficial, subcircular, late ral impressions; setalike scales sparse, in median portion. Scutellum
subtriangular. Elytra with Aat intervals; stria 4
with >3 1 punctures ; intere lytral suture e levated
at declivital area; lacking declivital tube rcl e;
se talike scales s parse . Protibiae with large mu cro; apex externally with small tooth. Aedeagus
(Figs. 6, 7) slender in lateral view; margins rugose; internal sac with dentifonn sclerite; apode me s as long as tube. Length 8.6-11.0 mm.
Type Material. Paratype, Arge ntina, Neuquen,
Ku sche l (USNM ). Paratype, Chi le, Ays on, Balmaceda, 20-11-57, 51 Azorella triJureata (BM H).
Other Material Examined. ARCE ' T I ' A:
Chubut, "Patagonia," 2 (BMNH ). CH ILK Ayson,
Bal1l1aceda, 29- 1-77, Silva coil., I (MHNS ).
Acrostomus mordor Morrone, n. sp.
(Figs. 8, 9, 17,21 , 23)
Diagnosis. Di stin g ui s hed by the en larged sty li
of th e he misternit es.
Hoiotype male. I ntegume nt smooth. Frons
sparsely punctate. Rostrum with slightly convex
dorsum and 1 longitudinal dorsal cari na; with
transverse impression at base; lacking se tal ike
scales. Scrobes with large, strong tooth on ventral ca rina. Antennae with scape reaching hind
margin of eye when resting in scrobe. Epist0111e
with s harp margin . Prothora'( subq uadrate, base
as wide as apex, sides subparalle l; dorsum
densely punctate, with shallow longitudinal sulc us and 2 superficial, subcircular, late ral impressions' setal ike scales in median stripe. Scutellum
subtriangular. Elytra with Aat intervals; stria 4
with >3 1 punctures; interelytral su ture e levated
at declivital area; lacking declivital tubercle;
se talike scales sparse. Protibiae with large mu cro; apex externally with small toOtll . Aedeagus
(Figs. 8, 9 ) robu st in lateral view; nmrgin s rugose; inte rnal sac with dentiform sclerite; apode mes slightl y longer tllan tube. Le ngth 7.3 mm.
Female . Sternum 8 (F ig. 17) s ubpe ntagonal .
apical margin with sparse setae; arms long, not
reaching middle of plate, basally. inc is.ed; a~o­
deme not expand ed at apex. He nll ste rmtes (F ig.
21) lacking setae; sty li enlarged. Spennatheca
(Fig. 23), nodulus and ramus absent.
410
ANNALS OF TH E ENTO~'1 0LOG ICAL SOClETY OF' AMERI CA
Type Material. Holotype (10264), Argentin a,
Neuquen (MAC 1), Nine paratypes with the
same data (2 AM H ,5 MACN, 2 MLP).
Etymology. The name of thi s species is take n
from th e Land of Mo rclor, in Tolkie n's Th e Lord
of th e Rin gs.
Discussion
The cladistic analys is co nfirm s th e assignment
of A. grise us to th e ge nu s (Morrone 1994a). All
clades of A crostomu s are we ll supporte d , and all
species have partic ular comb in ati on s of apo lll or·
phic and homopl as ti c characte rs. It is inte res tin g
to note that paralle Jli sms affecti ng characters
from genitali a (2 1-24) are onl y th ose provide d by
femal e sternum 8, w hereas the other characters
from gen ita li a (e. g., those provided by aedeagus
[18-20], he mi ste rnites [27, 28] , or spe rmath eca
[29]) are synapomo rphi es or only show reversals.
The Rh ytirrhinini Listroderina are mainl y Andean (Morrone 1990, 1992a, b, c, 1993b , 1994a,
c); only Acros tol11u s is e nd e mi c to th e Patagonian steppes. Its di stribution ca n be co mpared
wi th that of Hype ro ides Mars hall (Morrone
1993a), which ha s o ne species in th e latter area.
In Hy peroides, th e three mo re basal species are
from ce ntral Chile, a nd the two mos t apomorphic
species are found , respectively, in coas ta l Patagonia and in the C hacoan biogeographic domain. In A CroStOl1WS, the coastal Patago ni a n species is the most basal one, an d the re mainin g
species are found in th e cordill era.
Patterns of th ese genera, as well as those of
other taxa of the area, re fl ect th e ex isten ce of an
ancient subtropical biota in Patago nia (Rin gue le t
196 1, Pascua l & Ortiz Jauregui zar 1990, Morrone
1994b, Morrone & Lopre tto 1994). Foss il e vidence indicates that a humid s ubtropi cal forest
covered south ern South Am e ri ca before th e
Eocene a nd that th e g radual uplift of the Andes,
from th e late Oli goce ne to th e Plioce ne, cut off'
the Pacific win d drift and induced aridity in vas t
areas. In the middl e Miocene, ex te nsive ope ncou ntry e nviro nmen ts ran gin g from wetter s ubtrop ical savannas to cold-tempe rate steppes deve loped in the area (Pascual & Ortiz Jauregui zar
1990). ft seems that th e species of Acrostomus
evolved simul taneo usly w ith the deve lopment of
these e nvironments.
Acknowledgments
I am gratefu l to Lee I-I. Hennan Jr. , Charlie O'Brien ,
and an anonymous reviewer for critically reading the
manu script. Thi s study was supported by National
Geograph ic Society gran t 4662-91 and a National Science Foundation researc h fellow ship at the Department of Entomology of the Ame ri ca n Mu se um of Natural H istory (New York). Support of the Consejo
Nacional de In vestigaciones Cie ntffi cas y Tecni cas
Vol. 87 , no. 4
(CON ICET), Argen tina, to which the author b e longs,
is grate full y acknowledged.
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