Climate evolution and cryospheric studies
Transcripción
Climate evolution and cryospheric studies
INACH, Punta Arenas, 28-‐29 November 2013 Climate evolution and cryospheric studies Gino Casassa Geoestudios & Universidad de Magallanes, Chile IPCC 2013 CRYOSPHERE IPCC, 2013 IPCC 2013 IPCC 2013 IPCC 2013 Tropospheric greenhouse gas rise and the Antarctic ozone hole Mayewski, 2012 OPPOSING POLES October 11, 2012 “Two weeks after a new record was set in the Arctic Ocean for the least amount of sea ice coverage in the satellite record, the ice surrounding Antarctica reached its annual winter maximum—and set a record for a new high.” NASA Earth Observatory November 2013 UNIDAD DE GLACIOLOGÍA Y NIEVES, DGA, MOP IPCC, 2013 Temperate ice (T=@ melting point) vs. Cold ice (T< Tm) LARSEN B ICE SHELF COLLAPSES, 05 March 2002 http://nsidc.org/iceshelves/ EAIS vs. WAIS NASA – Waleed Abdalati Antarctica without ice “The Weak Underbelly” Source: R. Bindschadler, NASA/GSFC Rignot et al., Science, 2011 SUBGLACIAL LAKES McMillan et al., 2013 CookE2 Subglacial Lake IPCC 2013 “If Antarctica were music it would be Mozart. Art, and it would be Michelangelo. Literature, and it would be Shakespeare. And yet it is something even greater; the only place on Earth that is still as it should be. May we never tame it.” Andrew Denton (1960 –present) D Ice & climate d • Ice sheet dynamics • Paleoclimate records • Sea ice & ocean circulation • Atmospheric dynamics & chemistry • Ocean upwelling & melting of ice shelves • Ozone hole Emerging Frontiers Scientific Research Programmes Emerging Frontiers Scientific Research Programmes Observing Systems Scientific Research Programmes DISEÑO FÍSICO DE LA ESTACIÓN POLAR CIENTÍFICA CONJUNTA EN GLACIAR UNIÓN Área Residuos • Solidos • Líquidos Área Vehículos - Motos Sky Doo - Carro BERCO - Carro Prinorth - Tren BERCO Área Mantenimiento y Apoyo - Talleres - Equipo - Aeronáutico - Mantención Área Científico - Instrumental - Almacenaje Área de Mando y Operaciones Mando – Control, Coordinación y Comunicaciones Op. Terrestres Op. Aéreas Meteorología, Glaciología Geodesia Área Habitacional Hasta 50 personas Área Energía - Eléctrica - Solar - Gas Área Abastecimiento - Cocina - Bodega de víveres - Alimentación - Comedor - Distracción Área Sanidad - Salud Humana - Medio Ambiente Orion P3 Chilean Navy 2002-2004-2008 Northern Patagonia Icefield Southern Patagonia Icefield ula rctic Anta Be ea ns Pen ins se au h gs llin Pine Island Glacier Thwaites glacier SOUTH POLE 2004 Clima de AntárIca y Sud América (CASA) Extracción conjunta Brasil-‐Chile-‐Estados Unidos de tesIgo de hielo en el Plateau Detroit, Península Climate of the Antarctic and South America (CASA) AntárIca. Joint Brazilian-Chilean-US ice core drilling on the Detroit Plateau,Antarctic Peninsula Clima Antártico e Sul-Americano (CASA) Operação conjunta Brasil-Chile-EUA para testemunhagem do gelo no Platô Detroit, Península Antártica v v v v v v v v v Climate Change Ins.tute, University of Maine Ins.tuto Antár.co Chileno (INACH) Núcleo de Pesquisas Antár.cas e Climá.cas (NUPAC), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Dirección de Programas Antár.cos, Universidad de Magallanes (UMAG) Fundación Centro de Estudios del Cuaternario (CEQUA) Ins.tuto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, INPE, Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil Observatorio Nacional, CNPq, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Fuerza Aérea de Chile (FACH) CONCLUSIONS 1. Although EAIS is cooling and gaining mass, in the last few years Antarctica as a whole is losing ice and contributing to sea level rise, especially the AP & the Amundsen Sea region of the WAIS. 2. Future scenarios of climate change, particularly after 2030-2050 when the stratospheric ozone recovers, will most likely result in an amplification of the impacts of ice melt such as sea level rise. 3. Chile has contributed and can continue to contribute relevantly to the knowledge of Antarctic glaciology, not only in the Antarctic Península but also in the periphery and the inland ice. 4. Younger researchers in several research groups along Chile have started to make a valuable contribution. 4. International collaboration has proved to be extremely fruitful. 5. Chilean logistics in support of science need to be strengthened. 6. Antarctic-subantarctic comparative studies are much needed to better understand the system (SSA-AP). 7. Long-term monitoring studies need to be performed (& funded!)