Bibilografia Especializada OET 11 - Organization for Tropical Studies

Transcripción

Bibliografías Especializadas OET #12
Parque Nacional Chirripó
Octubre 2011
Reservados todos los derechos por parte de OET. Se permite su fotocopiado
con fines académicos y la utilización de los datos, siempre y cuando se cite la
fuente de información.
Octubre 2011
639.957286
P257p
Parque Nacional Chirripó / Compilado por Gilbert Fuentes
González. – 1ª ed – San José, C.R.: Organización para
Estudios Tropicales, 2011.
184 p.; 3 MB; PDF
ISBN 978-9968-9717-8-2
1. Áreas protegidas - Bibliografías. 2. Parques Nacionales
de Costa Rica - Bibliografías. 3. Parque Nacional Chirripó –
Bibliografías. I. Gilbert Fuentes González. II. Título
La OET cuenta con un Sistema de Bibliotecas, conformado por una biblioteca principal ubicada en su
oficina central en la Ciudad de la Investigación UCR y una en cada una de las 3 Estaciones Biológicas. La
colección total del Sistema de Bibliotecas de la OET esta formada por más de 12 mil volúmenes, 500
tesis, 75 títulos de publicaciones periódicas, 150 libros de cursos de OET y 13500 documentos en
formato pdf.
Está bibliografía esta compuesta por un Índice de Autores, una Lista de Descriptores y un Listado de
Publicaciones compuesto por 225 referencias. Las referencias cuya localización indica NBINA pueden
ser solicitados por correo a la dirección [email protected]. Adicionalmente 45 referencias
cuentan con un link donde el lector podrá ver el documento a texto completo en formato pdf.
Le invitamos a visitar nuestra Biblioteca en La Ciudad de la Investigación de la UCR, de lunes a viernes de
8 a.m. a 12 m.d. y de 1 p.m. a 5 p.m. También puede localizarnos en el teléfono (506) 2524-0607, ext.
1260, en http://www.ots.ac.cr y en http://www.facebook.com/OTS.OET.
Si quiere recibir información permanente de OET ingrese sus datos en http://www.ots.ac.cr/contactos
marcando la casilla de su interés.
Créditos
Portada: Diego Ramos, Departamento de Comunicación OET.
Compilación: Gilbert Fuentes, Consultor Externo – Manejo de Información OET.
Control de Calidad: Susana Aguilar, Biblioteca OET – Manejo de Información OET.
Octubre 2011
Presentación
La Organización para Estudios Tropicales (OET) cree firmemente que el correcto manejo de los datos y la
información, es una herramienta indispensable para promover la educación y la investigación en los
trópicos y esa es una razón para que desde 1996 utilizando la plataforma de su Biblioteca, haya
desarrollado y consolidado la “Bibliografía Nacional en Biología Tropical” (BINABITROP).
En la actualidad BINABITROP cuenta con 37000 registros de libros, publicaciones periódicas, tesis,
monografías, congresos y otros, de los cuales más de 13 mil de estos documentos se ofrecen ya en texto
completo. Este es un proyecto único en el país, cuyo objetivo principal es rescatar las publicaciones
científicas que tratan sobre Costa Rica, generadas a través de los años tanto dentro como fuera del país
para reunirlas en una base de datos disponible al público.
De esta forma la OET colabora con aumentar, conservar y difundir conocimientos generados a partir de
nuestra riqueza natural y se constituye en una herramienta de consulta obligatoria para investigadores.
La temática principal es Biología Tropical y temas afines como: ecología, manejo de recursos naturales,
conservación de la biodiversidad, aspectos legales, sociales y económicos, forestales, agroecología.
Para visitar BINABITROP lo puede hacer en la dirección http://www.ots.ac.cr/binabitrop o si requiere
más información puede escribirnos a [email protected]
Como un subproducto de BINABITROP, hemos iniciado desde el 2001 la generación de Bibliografías
Especializadas que tienen como objetivo, compilar las referencias sobre un tema específico y crear un
documento electrónico de libre acceso, que le facilite a los interesados sobre el tema tener en un solo
punto la información que requieran y así aumentar y difundir el conocimiento que tenemos de nuestra
riqueza natural de una forma más práctica.
Parque Nacional Chirripó, es nuestra producción 12 de las Bibliografías Especializadas OET, la cual se
desarrolla como una solicitud expresa del Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio) para ser utilizada
como una herramienta en el desarrollo de un proyecto, pero igual esperamos que este documento sea
de interés para la comunidad científica y educativa en general.
Susana Aguilar ([email protected])
Encargada del Sistema de Bibliotecas
Organización para Estudios Tropicales
Octubre 2011
ÍNDICE DE AUTORES
Ahmad, Wasim
141
Barrantes-Montero, Gilbert
053, 169
Ahti, Teuvo
193
Barrientos-Llosa, Zaideth
074, 167, 173
Aleida-Díaz, M
084
Barrington, D.S
123, 162
Alfaro, E
088, 128
Bernecker-Lücking, Andrea
090
Almeda, Frank, Jr
091
Biamonte, Esteban
203
Alvarado-Hernández,
Alfredo
031, 199
Blagden, T., Jr (phot.)
036
Anton, Hermann
104
Aptroot, André
180, 190
Arias-Navarro, H
186
Artavia-Zamora, G
116
Balke, Michael
109
Balslev, H (ed.)
046, 047, 086
Barquero-Gamboa, A
087
Bleuzen, P
132
098
Bravo-Chacón, Juan
042
Brenes-Rojas, M.C
066
Brettell, R.D
034
Busch, C.B
108, 110
Callejas-Posada, Ricardo
225
Calonge, Francisco D
117, 144, 185
Bolaños-Vives, Federico
212
Carnevali FernándezConcha, G
084
Bongers, T
119
Carranza-Velázquez, Julieta
117, 144
Borkent, Art
201
Castro-Campos, Marco
Vinicio
170
Boström, S
118
Boucher, Stephanie
188
Braby, Michael F
219
Bradshaw, K
Castro-Moraga, B
065
Chaboo, Caroline S
111
Chapman, G.P (ed.)
071
Octubre 2011
Chaverri-Polini, A
047
Chaverri-Polini, Adelaida
021, 060, 159, 171, 174
042
Chaves, R
064
Chaves-Chaves, José Luis
130, 180, 190
Checa, Julia
191
Clancy, R.E, Jr
083
Cleef, A.M
047, 060, 063, 159, 171, 183
Collado, Carmen
045
Coomans, A
118
Crow, Garrett E
121
Cuatrecasas-Arumí, José
024, 057, 215
Daily, Gretchen C
108
Dauphin-López, Gregorio
049, 090, 139
Davidse, Gerrit
039
de Candolle, C
025
De Ley, P
118
DeVries, Philip J
085
Díaz, H (ill.)
066
Dodson, Calaway H
084
Domínguez-Núñez, Edwin E
221
Dressler, Robert L
084
Dunn, D.B
026
Edwards-Widmer, Y.A
094
Esquivel-Garrote, O
174
Esquivel-Hernández,
Alejandro
119, 165
Faden, R.B
121
Ferraro, L.I
089
Finkelstein, David B
224
Finot, V.L
133
Fitzgerald, Scott J
112
Fogden, Michael P.L (phot.)
107
Fogden, P (phot.)
107
Fraile-Merino, Jorge
037
Freire, S.E
143
Furchheim-Weberling, B
164
Fürst-Weigand, Edgar
181
Gamboa-Valladares, B
088
García, Daniela
181
García-Cruz, J
084
Gardner, Alfred L
015
Garita-Meneses, A
170
Gauld, Ian D
051, 098, 099, 114
Glaw, F
122
Göcke, Klaus
Octubre 2011
011
121
098
Godoy-Cabrera, Carolina
114, 221
Grayum, Michael H (ed.)
121, 138, 198
Harmon, W.E
026
Goetghebeur, Paul
225
Grolle, R
104
Hartshorn, Gary S
009
Goldblatt, Peter
121
Groot, T.V.M
183
Heinrichs, Jochen
104, 147
Gómez-Laurito, Jorge
028, 029, 121
Groth, H.H
147
Hellenthal, R.A
001
Gómez-Pignataro, Luis Diego
007, 016, 017, 018, 019, 020,
040, 056, 113, 150
Gusarov, V.I
124
Hensold, N
121
Haberyan, K.A
045, 061, 077, 102, 154, 158
Herrera, W
151
Hafner, M.S
001
Herrera-Mora, Cecilia (ed.)
121, 138, 198
Hágsater, Eric
084, 120
Hippa, Heikki
140
Hágsater, Eric (ed.)
084
Hofreiter, Anton
210
Hamilton, Lawrence S (ed.)
059
Holovachov, O
118, 119
Hammel-Lierheimer, Barry
Edward
121
Holz, Ingo
104, 147, 161, 189
González-Arce, Luis
170
González-Hernández, G
186
González-Maya, José
Fernando
207
González-Ramírez, José
128
Gradstein, Stephan Robbert
049, 090, 161
Grant, J.S
121
Grant, Jason R
082
Hammel-Lierheimer, Barry
Edward (ed.)
121, 138, 198
Grau, H.R
068
Hancock, E. Geoffrey
105
Grayum, Michael H
Hanson-Snortum, Paul
Holzenthal, Ralph W
196
Hooftman, D.A.P
076
Hooghiemstra, H
096, 156
Octubre 2011
Horn, Sally P
002, 003, 004, 005, 008, 043,
045, 050, 052, 054, 061, 077,
079, 081,
083, 092, 097, 102, 154, 155,
157, 158, 172, 224
Horn, Sally P (ed.)
148
Ibáñez-D., Roberto
204
Idárraga, Alvaro
213
Islebe, G.A
096, 156
Iturriaga, T
117
Jaschhof, Mathias
140
Juvik, J.O (ed.)
059
Kaczmarek, Lukasz
214
Kappelle, Maarten
038, 040, 044, 046, 062, 063,
153, 166, 168, 170, 182, 183
Kappelle, Maarten (ed.)
148
Kazantsev, Sergey V
184
Kennedy, Helen
121
King, Robert M
035, 223
Knapp, Sandra Diane
194
Kohkemper-Meza, M
032
Kohler, J
122
Kress, Walter John Emil
121
Kriebel-Haehner, Ricardo
128
Kuhbier, H
195
La Bastille, A
178
Lachniet, M.S
131, 135, 142, 152
LaFrankie, J.V., Jr
013
Lahanas, P.N
012
Lahmann-Zeledón, Enrique J
011
Lane, Chad S
224
League, B.L
092, 157
Lips, Karen R
204
Lizano, Daniela
180
Lotters, S
122
Lücking, Andrea
049
Lücking, Andrea (ed.)
070
Lücking, Robert
069, 072, 073, 089, 130, 180,
190, 202
Lücking, Robert (ed.)
070
Lugo, Ariel E
058
Luteyn, James Leonard
023, 086, 101, 149, 175
Luteyn, James Leonard (ed.)
046, 047, 086
Maas, Paul J.M
093, 121
Maas-van de Kamer, H
121
Mallet, V
099
Martin, Jon H
136
Mata, Milagro
117, 144, 185, 220
Octubre 2011
Mathieu, Guido
225
Meerow, Alan W
121
Mehltreter, K
048, 070
Mena-Araya, Yadira
116
Méndez-Salazar, F.I
087
Mengual, Ximo
205
Merello, M
121
Monné, Miguel A
177
Orvis, K.H
097, 102, 154, 155
Monro, Alex K
209
Orvis, Kenneth H
224
Mora-Baumgartner, Claudia
224
Peña-Duarte, M
087
Morales-Quirós, J. Francisco
121, 213, 222
Peterson, Paul M
133
Morales-Zürcher, María
Isabel
049, 090
Pfaff, Alexander S.P
108
Moreno-Díaz, Mary Luz
181
Meyer, E
122
Naranjo-Piñera, Eduardo
José
100
Michalczyk, Lukasz
214
Navarro-Valverde, E
130
Miller, James Stuart
211
Neinhuis, Christoph
225
Miranda, F
084
Niedbala, Wojciech
115
Moldenke, Harold N
216
Nishida, Kenji
219
Monge-Nájera, Julián
064, 074, 173
Nodwin, S.C (ed.)
079
Monge-Quesada, Hubert
170
Norman, Eliane M
218
Monné, Marcela L
192
Oostermeijer, J. Gerard B
183
Pipoly, John J. III
080
Pohl, Richard W
006, 010, 027, 039
Poveda-Alvarez, Luis Jorge
021
Price, Roger D
001
Pröschold, T
147
Puthz, Volker
206
Redhead, C.S
031
Reichle, S
122
Renker, C
147
Richling, I
Octubre 2011
129, 134
105
Richter, M
055
Roughley, Robert E
109
Ricketson, J.M
080
Rubio-Recio, José Manuel
200
Righi, G
037
Rycroft, David S
147
Rivarden, Leif
220
Salazar-Chávez, Gerardo A
(ed.)
084
Schmidt, B. Christian
208
Samain, Marie-Stéphanie
225
Seltzer, G.O
131, 152
Sánchez-Azofeifa, Gerardo
Arturo
108, 110
Shaheen, A
141
Rivas-Plata, Eimy
180
Rivera-Ospina, D
068
Robinson, Harold E
034, 035, 057, 215, 223
Rodríguez-González,
Alexander
209
Rojas, G
011
Rojas-Alvarado, Alexander
Francisco
067, 078, 103, 125, 126, 137
Rojas-González, C.M
066
Rojo, Santos
205
Romero, J
011
Sánchez-González, José
Joaquín
163
Sánchez-Saldaña, L
084
Sandoval-Vargas, Luis
203
Sanford, Robert L., Jr
050
Sathaye, J.A
110
Savage, Jay M
012, 107, 168, 204, 212
Scatena, Frederick N
058
Rotheray, Graham E
Scatena, Frederick N (ed.)
059
Schatz, George E
031
Schatz, H
127
Schipper, Jan
207
Shoemaker, R.A
191
Sipman, Henricus J.M
130, 160, 179, 180, 190
Sithole, R
114
Skutch, Alexander F
036
Slud, P
145
Solano, G
042
Solano-Ugalde, Alejandro
203
Solís, L
152
Octubre 2011
079
Sondermann, W
109
Soreng, R.J
133
Soula, Marc
106
Spangler, Paul J
109
Ståhls, Gunilla
205
Stam, A.C
031
Steinhof, M
195
Sterner, R.W
031
Stift, M
183
Stiles, F. Gary
176
Suessenguth, K
197
Symmank, Lars
225
Tandingan De Ley, I
118
Taylor, K
075
Thomas, A (ed.)
Thompson, F. Christian
105
Troyo-Jiménez, Silvia, (il.)
121, 138, 198
Ugalde-Gómez, Jesús
114
Umaña-Tenorio, Loengrin
130, 179, 180, 185, 190, 191
Umaña-Villalobos, Gerardo
045
van Uffelen, J.G
041, 063, 153, 182
Vargas, G
163
Vaughan-Dickhaut,
Christopher
021, 022, 030, 100
Vázquez-García, J.A
059
Vázquez-Selem, L
142
Villalobos-Fiatt, Laura
217
Wahl, David B
098
Wanke, Stefan
225
Ward, S
098, 099
Wasmund, A.M
196
Weber, H
033
Weberling, Focko
164
Welch, W.H
187
Widmer, Y
071, 095
Wilbur, Robert L
023
Williamson, G. Bruce
031
Winkler, J (ed.)
070
Wujek, D.E
083
Young, K.R (ed.)
081
Zamora, Edwin
181
Zamora-Villalobos, Nelson A
093, 198
Zamora-Villalobos, Nelson A
(ed.)
121, 138
Zimmerer, Karl S (ed.)
081
Octubre 2011
Zuloaga, F.O
133
Zulstra, G
082
Zumbado-Arrieta, Manuel A
105
Zumbado-Dijeres, A.B
087
Octubre 2011
ÍNDICE DE DESCRIPTORES
ABIOTIC FACTORS
207
027
027
ACOUSTIC SIGNALS
122, 201
AEURACEAE
161
ABRUPT CLIMATE CHANGE
152
ACRIC HAPLUDAND-TYPIC
HAPLUDAND
153
AFRONOTHRUS INCISIVUS
127
ACACIA
197
ACROBOLBACEAE
049, 139, 161
ACAENA CYLINDRISTACHYA
164
ACROBOLBUS LACERATUS
104
ACAENA ELONGATA
164
ACROLEJEUNEA
090
ACAENITIINAE
051
ACROTAPHUS
051
ACARI
115, 127
ACTINODONTIUM
187
ACAROSPORA
160
ADELANTHACEAE
049, 139, 161
ABOVEGROUND
199
ACHENE
057
ACHIPTERIIDAE
127
ACHRYSON CONCOLOR
177
ACHRYSON JOLYI
177
ACIACHNE
ADELOTHECIACEAE
161
ADELOTHECIUM
187
ADERKOMYCES GOMEZII
202
ADIANTACEAE
195
AEGOPOGON
AGARICALES
202
AGAVACEAE
121
AGE DETERMINATION
050
AGERATINA
163
AGERATINA ANISOCHROMA
223
AGERATINA BADIA
223
AGERATINA CARTAGOENSIS
223
AGERATINA COSTARICENSIS
223
AGERATINA IXIOCLADON
219, 223
AGERATINA KUPPERI
223
AGERATINA RETICULIFERA
223
Octubre 2011
AGERATINA SUBCORDATA
223
ALCADIA (MICROALCADIA)
HOJARASCA
129, 134
AGERATINA SUBGLABRA
223
ALCHEMILLA
197
AGERATINA VULCANICA
223
ALECTORIA
160, 179
AGROECOLOGICAL
ZONATION
038
ALEOCHARINAE
124
AGROPYRON
027
AGROSTIS
027, 163
ALEURIA AURANTIA
117
ALEURODICUS NIVEUS
136
AGROTIS
166
ALEURODICUS
TALAMANCENSIS
136
AGRYPON
098
ALEXETER
098
AIDEMONA
166
ALEYRODIDAE
136
AIRA
027
ALGAE
045, 083, 158
ALAIMUS
165
ALISMATACEAE
121
ALAS PROJECT
098, 099, 111, 114, 115, 211,
214
ALKALINITY
045, 061
ALCADIA (MICROALCADIA)
BOECKELERI
129, 134
ALLELOPATHY
031
ALLIACEAE
121
ALLIGATORIDAE
107
ALLISONIACEAE
090, 139
ALLODORYLAIMUS
165
ALLOGRAPTA
166
ALLOGRAPTA (ALLOGRAPTA)
TELIGERA
205
ALLOGRAPTA (FAZIA) AFF.
CENTROPOGONIS
205
ALLOGRAPTA (FAZIA) AFF.
FASCIATA
205
ALLOGRAPTA
(RHINOPROSOPA) AENEA
205
ALLOGRAPTA ZUMBADOI
205
ALLONOTHRUS
127
ALLOTETRAPLOIDS
123
ALPOVA
144
ALSTROEMERIA
210
ALSTROEMERIACEAE
Octubre 2011
121, 210
105
ALTAMIRA BIOLOGICAL
STATION
203
ANALACHES
188
ALTITUDE
044, 048, 070
ALTITUDINAL GRADIENTS
038, 062, 063, 076, 183
ALTITUDINAL MOVEMENTS
176
ALTITUDINAL RECORD
207
ALTITUDINAL ZONATION
038, 062
AMARYLLIDACEAE
121, 197
AMENORONOTHRIDAE
127
AMISCONDE INITIATIVE
076
AMPELOCISSUS
MESOAMERICANA
146
AMPHIBIANS
107, 122, 148, 168, 201, 212
AMYNTHAS CORTICIS
037
ANACANTHUS
177
ANICLA
166
ANCOGNATHA
166
ANIMALS
001, 003, 010, 012, 015, 021,
022, 030, 036, 037, 043, 045,
048, 050, 051, 053, 074, 075,
079, 085, 098, 099, 100, 105,
106, 107, 109, 111, 112, 114,
115, 118, 119, 122, 124, 127,
129, 132, 134, 136, 140, 141,
145, 148, 149, 157, 165, 166,
167, 168, 169, 173, 176, 177,
184, 188, 192, 194, 196, 201,
203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208,
211, 212, 214, 219, 221
ANDEPTS
063, 182
ANNELIDS
037
ANDES
033, 210
ANNONACEAE
093, 197
ANDOLIZATION
153
ANOMALEPIDIDAE
107
ANDOSOLS
153
ANOMALON
098
ANDREAEACEAE
161
ANOMALONINAE
098, 099
ANELAPHUS FASCIATUS
177
ANOPLODERMATINAE
177
ANELAPHUS MARTINSI
177
ANTHERICACEAE
121
ANEURACEAE
139
ANTHERS
057
ANGUIDAE
107, 168, 204
ANTHOCEROPHYTA
139
ANALYSIS
003, 043, 055, 079, 157
ANAPLECTUS
165
ANASTELGIS
051
ANAL SUCKER
Octubre 2011
ANTHOCEROTACEAE
139
ANTHOXANTHUM
027
ANTHRACOBIA MELANOMA
117
ANTHURIUM BREDEMEYERI
183
ANTHURIUM
CONCINNATUM
183
ANTIDAPHNE
219
ANTIDAPHNE VISCOIDEA
219
ANURANS
107, 122, 168, 201, 212
ANZIA
160, 179
APECHONEURA
099
APECHTHIS
051
APHANISTES
098
APHANOLEJEUNEA
090
APHELENCHOIDES
165
220
APIACEAE
163, 164, 197
APIALES
164
APIDAE
166
APIGENIN
104
APOLOPHUS
114
APORCELAIMELLUS
165
APORCELAIMIUM
165
APORIINA
219
APOSEMATISM
219
APTILOTUS
166
ARACEAE
121, 183
ARACHNIDS
127
ARAEOLAIMIDA
118
ARALIACEAE
213
APHYLLOPHORALES
ARCHAEOGASTROPODA
167
ARCHAEOLOGY
065
ARCHAEOPULMONATA
167
ARCHEGOZETES
127
ARCHILEJEUNEA
090
ARCHITECTURE
164
ARCHONIAS BRASSOLIS
APPROXIMATA
219
ARCTIINAE
208
ARCTIINI
208
ARCTOSTAPHYLOS
ARBUSTOIDES
023
ARCYTHOPHYLLUM
CHIRRIPOENSE
197
ARCYTHOPHYLLUM
RECURVATUM
197
AREA DE CONSERVACION LA
AMISTAD PACIFICO
001, 002, 003, 004, 005, 006,
007, 008, 009, 010, 011, 012,
Octubre 2011
013, 014, 015, 016, 017, 018,
019, 020, 021, 022, 023, 024,
025, 026, 027, 028, 029, 030,
031, 032, 033, 034, 035, 036,
037, 041, 043, 045, 046, 047,
048, 049, 051, 058, 060, 061,
065, 067, 070, 071, 073, 074,
075, 076, 077, 080, 081, 082,
083, 085, 087, 088, 089, 090,
091, 092, 093, 094, 095, 096,
097, 098, 099, 100, 101, 102,
103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108,
109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114,
115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120,
121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126,
127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132,
133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138,
139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144,
145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150,
151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156,
157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162,
163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168,
169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174,
175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180,
181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186,
187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192,
193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198,
199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204,
205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210,
211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216,
217, 218, 219, 220, 222, 223,
224, 225
ARIZONA
124
ARTHRORHAPHIS
160
ARNELLIACEAE
139, 161
ARTHROSTYLIDIUM
027
AROTES
051
ARTHROVERTEX
127
ARPHTHICARUS ALLOCOTOS
115
ARUNDINOIDEAE
027
ARPHTHICARUS IUBATUS
115
ARUNDO
027
ARPHTHICARUS
PARARIDICULUS
115
ASCALAPHIA
166
ARPHTHICARUS
PARASAUCIUS
115
ASCHELMINTHES
141
ARPHTHICARUS PERVALIDUS
115
ASCOMYCOTA
018, 019, 069, 072, 073, 089,
117, 130, 160, 175, 179, 180,
185, 190, 191, 193, 202
ARROX
188
ASEMINAE
177
ARTHONIACEAE
202
ASEROË
144
ARECACEAE
121, 183
ARTHONIALES
202
ASPARAGACEAE
121
ARGENTALA
211
ARTHROPODS
001, 010, 021, 045, 051, 074,
085, 098, 099, 105, 106, 109,
111, 112, 114, 115, 124, 127,
132, 136, 140, 148, 149, 166,
173, 177, 184, 188, 192, 194,
196, 201, 205, 206, 208, 211,
219, 221
ASPIDIACEAE
017
ARIONIDAE
167
ARISTIDA
027
ASPIDOMORPHA
194
ASPLENIACEAE
048, 070, 162, 195
Octubre 2011
ASPLENIUM
048, 070, 162
ASSEMBLAGE
077, 158
ASTELIACEAE
121
ASTERACEAE
024, 034, 035, 057, 143, 163,
164, 197, 215, 219, 223
ASTERALES
034, 035, 215
ASTEROTHYRIACEAE
202
ASTHENARA
098
ASTRAEUS
144
ATELOPUS CHIRIQUIENSIS
122
ATELOPUS CHIRRIPOENSIS
212
ATELOPUS PERUENSIS
122
ATELOPUS TRICOLOR
122
ATHELIACEAE
130
ATHETINI
124
ATHYRIUM
162
ATMOSPHERIC ANOMALIES
050
ATOPOTROPHOS
098
ATOPSYCHE
166
ATROPACARUS
(ATROPACARUS) ANTROSUS
115
ATROPACARUS
(ATROPACARUS) FOLIOUS
115
ATROPACARUS
(HOPLOPHORELLA)
FRONDEUS
115
ATROPACARUS GLAUCUS
127
ATROPHINI
114
AULACOCYCLINAE
188
AULACOSEIRA
077, 158
AULAXINA
160
AULONEMIA
027
AUROPHORA DOCHMIA
117
AUSTROPASSALUS
188
AUSTROPHTHIRACARUS
NEXILIS
115
AUSTROPHTHIRACARUS
RETRORSUS
115
AUSTROPHTHIRACARUS
ZEUKTOS
115
AUTOPLUSIA
166
AVENA
027
AVENINAE
133
AYTONIACEAE
161
BACCHA BRUNNIPENNIS
105
BACCHA FRAGMENTARIA
105
BACCHA OCHREOLINEA
105
BACCHA PAPILIO
105
BACCHA PHOBIFER
105
Octubre 2011
BACCHA PINKUSI
105
BANCHINI
114
BACCHA PIRATA
105
BARTHAMIACEAE
161
BACCHA RICA
105
BASELINES
110
BACCHA TRICINCTA
105
BASIDIOMYCOTA
020, 144, 220
BACCHA VESPUCCIA
105
BASTIANA
165
BACIDINA
160
BAUHINIA UNGULATA
219
BAEACRIS
166
BAZZANIA
090
BAEOMYCES
160, 179
BEGONIA
197
BALANTIOPSIDACEAE
049, 090, 139, 161
BEGONIACEAE
197
BAMBOO GAPS
094, 095
BEHAVIOUR
036
BAMBOOS
002, 004, 027, 054, 068, 071,
094, 095, 172
BEHAVIOURAL VARIATION
122
BAMBUSA
027
BAMBUSOIDEAE
002, 004, 027, 068, 071, 094,
095, 172
BANCHINAE
114
BELBA
127
BIATORINOPSIS
180
BIBIO ATRIGIGAS
112
BIBIO INTERMEDIUS
112
BIBIO SUPERFLUUS
112
BIBIONIDAE
112
BICIRRONEMATIDAE
119
BIODIVERSITY
038, 040, 047, 048, 059, 060,
062, 066, 070, 088, 094, 095,
148, 149, 159, 160, 161, 162,
163, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169,
170, 171, 175, 179, 180, 181,
186, 206
BIODIVERSITY
CONSERVATION
108, 116, 170
BIOGEOGRAPHICAL
SIGNIFICANCE
086
BELBIDAE
127
BIOGEOGRAPHY
038, 059, 062, 090, 093, 109,
143, 175, 188, 193, 202
BELOWGROUND
199
BIOLOGICAL CORRIDORS
108, 116
BIATORA
160
BIOLOGICAL DATA
011
Octubre 2011
BIOLOGICAL RESERVES
066, 075, 108, 116, 181
BLUE-CROWNED MOTMOT
203
BIOLOGY
050, 085, 219
BOETHUS
098
BIOMASS OF EPIPHYTES
058
BOG
005
BIONOMICS
201
BOIDAE
107
BIOSPHERE RESERVES
014
BOLITOGLOSSA COMPACTA
168
BIOTIC COMMUNITIES
064
BOLITOGLOSSA MARMOREA
168
BIRD PROTECTION
075
BOLITOGLOSSA MINUTULA
168
BIRDS
036, 053, 075, 145, 148, 149,
169, 176, 203
BOLITOGLOSSA NIGRESCENS
168
BIRDWATCHING
075
BLACK AND WHITE OWL
203
BOLITOGLOSSA PESRUBRA
168
BOLITOGLOSSA SOOYORUM
168
BLECHNACEAE
103, 137, 162, 195
BOLITOGLOSSA
SUBPALMATA
168
BLECHNUM
162
BOMAREA
197
BLECHNUM
FUSCOSQUAMOSUM
137
BOMAREA ACUMINATA
210
BLECHNUM STOLONIFERUM
103
BOMAREA ACUTIFOLIA
210
BOMAREA ANDREANA
210
BOMAREA CALDASII
210
BOMAREA CHIRIQUINA
210
BOMAREA COSTARICENSIS
210
BOMAREA EDULIS
210
BOMAREA HIRSUTA
210
BOMAREA MULTIFLORA
210
BOMAREA OBOVATA
210
BOMAREA PORSCHIANA
210
BOMAREA SUBRECTA
210
BOMBUS
166
BOMMERIA PEDATA
017
BOTANICAL COMPOSITION
040, 063, 113, 182
BOTANICAL LITERATURE
175
BOUTELOUA
027
Octubre 2011
BOVISTA
144
BRACHIMERIA
219
BRACHIOLEJEUNEAE
139
BRACHYCERA
105, 205
BRACHYCERTUS
099
BRACHYCHTHONIIDAE
127
BRACHYCYRTINE
099
BRACHYGLENE
211
BRACHYPODIUM
027
BRACHYSIRA
077, 158
BRACHYTHECIACEAE
161
082
107, 122, 212
BROMELIACEAE
082, 105, 121, 197
BUNODOPHORON
160, 179
BROMUS
027
BURMA
206
BROMUS CATHARTICUS
010
BURMANNIACEAE
121
BROODING
036
BURMEISTERA
197
BRYACEAE
161
BYSSIPLACA
180
BRYOPHYTA
049, 090, 147, 148, 149, 161,
175, 187, 189
BYSSOLOMA
160
BRYORIA
160
BUDDLEJA AMERICANA
218
BUDDLEJA CROTONOIDES
218
BUDDLEJA NITIDA
164, 218
BRANCHING
164
BUDDLEJA SKUTCHII SUBSP.
COSTARICENSIS
218
BRANCHIOPODA
045
BUDDLEJACEAE
164, 218
BRIZA
027
BUELLIA
160
BROMELIA PINGUIN
BUFONIDAE
C-3-C-4
224
CACOIUS
188
CAECILIIDAE
107
CALAMAROSTIS
027
CALCEOLARIA
163
CALICIUM
160
CALLICERA
166
CALLICOSTELLA
187
Octubre 2011
CALLIEPIALTES
051
CALLIPOGON
(ORTHOMEGAS) FRAGOSOI
132
CALLIPOGON
(ORTHOMEGAS) HAXAIREI
132
CALLIPOGON
(ORTHOMEGAS) MARECHALI
132
CALLIPOGON
(ORTHOMEGAS) MONNEI
132
CALOBRYALES
139
CALOLYCUS
MONTIVERDENSIS
184
CALYCULARIA
090
CARBON
199
CALYPOGEIACEAE
139, 161
CARBON FLUXES
110
CALYPOGELACEAE
049
CARBON SEQUESTRATION
199
CALYPTOCEPHALA
BREVICORNIS
111
CARBON STORAGE
199
CALYPTOCEPHALA
MARGINIPENNIS
111
CAMISIA
127
CAMISIIDAE
127
CAMPANULACEAE
163
CALOLYCUS
PUNTARENENSIS
184
CAMPYLONEURUM
162
CALOLYCUS SOLISI
184
CANDELARIELLA
160
CALONEIS
077, 158
CANGREJAL DE ACOSTA
139, 225
CALOPADIA
160
CANNACEAE
121
CALOSTOMA
144
CANOPY STRUCTURE
094, 095
CALVATIA
144
CARABODIDAE
127
CAREX
163
CARICOIDEAE
028
CARNIVORES
015, 022, 030, 207
CARPOPODIA
057
CARYOPHYLLACEAE
163
CASSIDINAE
111
CASSIDINI
111
CASTILLEJA
163
CASTROSION
098
CATALOGUES
082, 144
CATASTICTA
Octubre 2011
166
107, 168
CATASTICTA CERBERUS
219
CAVENDISHIA
197
CATASTICTA CTEMENE
ACTINOTIS
219
CAVENDISHIA
ATROVIOLACEA
023
CELESTUS LEGNOTUS
204
CATASTICTA EURIGANIA
STRAMINEA
219
CAVENDISHIA AXILLARIS
023
CELESTUS MONTANUS
204
CAVENDISHIA CALLISTA
023
CELESTUS OROBIUS
204
CAVENDISHIA CAPITULATA
023
CELESTUS ROZELLAE
204
CAVENDISHIA
COMPLECTENS
023
CELESTUS SCANSORIUS
204
CATASTICTA FLISA
FLISANDRA
219
CATASTICTA HEGEMON
HEGEMON
219
CATASTICTA PRIONERIS
219
CATASTICTA REDUCTA
BOLIVIANA
219
CATASTICTA SISAMNUS
SISAMNUS
219
CATASTICTA TEUTILA
FLAVOMACULATA
219
CATASTICTA THERESA
219
CATIE
037, 069, 083, 115, 185, 187,
190, 202, 215, 217, 219
CAVENDISHIA
MELASTOMOIDES
023
CAVENDISHIA QUERCINA
023
CECIDOPIMPLA
114
CELESTUS ADERCUS
204
CELESTUS ATITLANENSIS
204
CELESTUS CYANOCHLORIS
204
CELESTUS ENNEAGRAMMUS
204
CAUDATA
CELESTUS HYLAIUS
204
CELESTUS INGRIDAE
204
CELIPTERA
166
CENTRAL AMERICAN
MONSOON
152
CENTRAL AMERICAN TAPIR
100
CENTROLENIDAE
107
CENTROPOGON
163, 197
CEPHALOBUS
165
CEPHALOZIACEAE
049, 139, 161
CEPHALOZIELLACEAE
Octubre 2011
090, 139, 161
CERADENIA
162
CERAMBYCIDAE
132, 177, 192
CERAMBYCINAE
177, 192
CERATINIA
194
CERATISCADA
194
CERATOLEJEUNEA
090
CERATOPPIA
127
CERATOZETIDAE
127
CERDAIA
177
CERIPORIA CITRINA
220
CERIPORIA INCRUSTATA
220
CERIPORIOPSIS
COSTARICENSIS
220
CERRO ASUNCION
029, 094, 095, 160, 166, 175,
179
002, 004, 008, 029, 033, 060,
124, 143, 148, 149, 150, 151,
152, 161,
163, 164, 166, 171, 172, 193,
206, 210, 218
032, 126, 131, 135, 142, 152,
176, 210, 218
CERRO CHIRRIPO
002, 004, 012, 017, 018, 019,
020, 021, 025, 032, 043, 048,
060, 070, 074, 080, 081, 082,
096, 100, 136, 147, 155, 156,
157, 162, 167, 168, 169, 171,
172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 212,
216, 223
CERRO ZACATALES
031
CERRO CRESTON
175
CHAENOTHECA
160
CERRO CUERICI
018, 094, 095, 113, 124, 125,
143, 166, 167, 169, 175
CHAETOTHYRIALES
202
CERRO DE LA MUERTE
006, 013, 023, 027, 029, 033,
047, 048, 049, 056, 060, 070,
086, 104, 107, 109, 111, 117,
123, 124, 127, 131, 133, 135,
139, 142, 143, 144, 147, 148,
149, 150, 151, 152, 159, 160,
161, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167,
168, 169, 171, 175, 176, 179,
180, 183, 187, 188, 190, 193,
194, 205, 206, 213, 218, 219,
221, 222, 223
CERRO DE LAS LAJAS
223
CERRO DE LAS VUELTAS
018, 026, 108, 110, 116, 175,
177, 187, 193, 213, 223
CERRO KAMUK
CERRO BUENAVISTA
CERRO VENTISQUEROS
175
CERROPHIDION GODMANI
168
CETEJUS
188
CHALCIDIDAE
219
CHAMBERSIELLIDAE
119
CHAMPIONA BIFASCIATA
177
CHAMPIONA CHEMSAKI
177
CHANOMPHALUS
167
CHARCOAL
003, 008, 043, 050, 079, 081,
092, 157
CHARCOAL FRAGMENTS
050
Octubre 2011
CHARIDOTELLA
(CHAEROCASSIS) ANNEXA
111
CHARIDOTELLA
(CHAEROCASSIS)
EMARGINATA
111
CHARIDOTELLA
(CHARIDOTELLA)
HOEGBERGI
111
CHARIDOTELLA
(CHARIDOTELLA)
SEXPUNCTATA
111
CHARIDOTIS INCINCTA
111
CHARIDOTIS LEPRIEURI
111
CHARONIAS EURYTELE
DISMORPHITES
219
CHAROPIDAE
167
CHECKLISTS
044, 048, 049, 056, 070, 072,
113, 160, 161, 162, 166, 167,
168, 175
CHEILANTHES
162
CHEILOLEJEUNEA
090
117
CHEILYMENIA
THELEBOLOIDES
117
CHELONIIDAE
107
CHELYDRIDAE
107
CHIONOLAENA
COLUMBIANA
143
CHIONOLAENA CONCINNA
143
CHIONOLAENA
ELEAGNOIDES
143
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
193
CHIONOLAENA
LAVANDULIFOLIA
143
CHEMICAL DATA
011
CHIONOLAENA MEXICANA
143
CHEMICAL LIMNOLOGY
011
CHIONOLAENA SARTORII
143
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
045, 061
CHIONOLAENA SEEMANNII
143
CHEMICAL PROSPECTING
104
CHIRRIPOA SOLITARIA
082, 197
CHEMICAL PROSPECTION
193
CHLAMYDOPUS
144
CHEMSAKIELLA
177
CHLORIDOIDEAE
027
CHILOPLATYS
098
CHLORIS
027
CHIONOLAENA
AECIDIOCEPHALA
143
CHLOROPHYTA
045
CHIONOLAENA
CHRYSOCOMA
143
CHEILYMENIA FIMICOLA
CHONDROCEPHALUS
188
CHORENTA
177
Octubre 2011
CHORINAEUS
114
CHUSQUEA SUBTESSELLATA
100, 164
CLADINA ARCUATA
193
CHOROLOGY
117, 144, 185
CHUSQUEA SUBTILIS
071, 094, 095
CLADINA CONFUSA
193
CHROMOSOME NUMBER
006, 013, 123, 223
CHUSQUEA
TALAMANCENSIS
071, 094, 095
CLADISTIC ANALYSIS
180
CHRONOLOGY
142
CHRYSODIDYMUS
083
CHUSQUEA TOMENTOSA
071, 094, 095
CICADELLIDAE
166, 221
CLADOCERA
045
CLADONIA
160, 179
CHRYSODIDYMUS
SYNUROIDEUS
083
CICCABA NIGROLINEATA
203
CLADONIA
ALBOFUSCESCENS
193
CHRYSOGLOSSA
211
CICERONIUS
188
CLADONIA ANDESITA
193
CHRYSOMELIDAE
111, 194
CINNA
027
CLADONIA CARTILAGINEA
193
CHRYSOMELOIDEA
132
CISSUS NICARAGUENSIS
146
CLADONIA CERATOPHYLLA
193
CHRYSONEMA
ATTENUATUM
141
CISSUS PATELLICALYX
146
CLADONIA CHLOROPHAEA
193
CLADIA
160, 179
CLADONIA COCCIFERA
193
CLADIA AGGREGATA
193
CLADONIA CORNICULATA
193
CLADINA
160, 179
CLADONIA CORYMBITES
193
CLADINA ARBUSCULA
BOLIVIANA
193
CLADONIA CORYMBOSULA
193
CHRYSONEMA INBIONIS
141
CHRYSOPHYCEAE
083
CHUSQUEA
027, 163
CHUSQUEA FOLIOSA
071, 094, 095
Octubre 2011
CLADONIA CRISPATA
193
CLADONIA DACTYLOTA
193
CLADONIA DIDYMA
193
CLADONIA FURCATA
193
CLADONIA FURFURACEA
193
CLADONIA GRANULOSA
193
CLADONIA GRAYI
193
CLADONIA ISABELLINA
193
CLADONIA MACILENTA
193
CLADONIA MACILENTOIDES
193
CLADONIA METAMINIATA
193
CLADONIA MEXICANA
193
CLADONIA SCABRIUSCULA
193
CLIMATE SHIFT
050
CLADONIA SCHOLANDERI
193
CLIMATIC CHANGE
043, 058, 110, 135, 142, 152,
157
CLADONIA SQUAMOSA
193
CLADONIA SUBRADIATA
193
CLADONIA SUBSQUAMOSA
193
CLADONIACEAE
193
CLARKUS
165
CLASSIFICATION
134
CLATHRACEAE
020
CLATHRUS
144
CLAY-COLORED ROBIN
203
CLIMATIC CONDITIONS
046
CLIMATIC FACTORS
164
CLISTOPYGA
051
CLOUD FOREST ECOLOGY
059
CLOUD FORESTS
033, 059, 063, 164, 210
CLYDONIUM
051
COBBONCHUS
165
COCCOCARPIA
160, 179
COCCOCARPIA DISSECTA
190
CLADONIA NANA
193
CLIMATE
033, 043, 047, 063, 077, 086,
092, 148, 149, 151, 153, 155,
157, 158, 159, 164, 170, 182
COCCOCARPIA
DOMINGENSIS
190
CLADONIA OCHROCHLORA
193
CLIMATE HISTORY
092, 096, 156, 157
COCCOCARPIA EPIPHYLLA
190
CLADONIA RAPPII
193
CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTION
097, 155
COCCOCARPIA ERYTHROXYLI
190
Octubre 2011
COCCOCARPIA FILIFORMIS
190
COCCOCARPIA GALLAICOI
190
COCCOCARPIA GLAUCINA
190
COCCOCARPIA GUIMARANA
190
COCCOCARPIA
MICROPHYLLINA
190
COCCOCARPIA NEGLECTA
190
COCCOCARPIA PALMICOLA
190
COCCOCARPIA PELLITA
190
COCCOCARPIA PROSTRATA
190
COCCOCARPIA STELLATA
190
COCCOCARPIA TENUISSIMA
190
COENDOU MEXICANUS
030
COENOGONIUM FREDERICI
180
COENOGONIACEAE
180, 202
COENOGONIUM ISIDIATUM
180
COENOGONIOMYCELLA
180
COENOGONIUM
ISIDIIGERUM
180
COENOGONIOMYCES
180
COENOGONIUM
160
COENOGONIUM
ACICULATUM
180
COENOGONIUM ISIDIOSUM
180
COENOGONIUM KALBII
180
COENOGONIUM
LUTEOCITRINUM
180
COENOGONIUM
ANTONIANUM
180
COENOGONIUM LUTEOLUM
180
COENOGONIUM
ATROLUTEUM
180
COENOGONIUM
MAGDALENAE
180
COENOGONIUM
BACILLIFERUM
180
COENOGONIUM NEPALENSE
180
COENOGONIUM BARBATUM
180
COCCOCARPIACEAE
202
COENOGONIUM
BYSSOTHALLINUM
180
COCCONEIS
077, 158
COENOGONIUM DEGENERI
180
COELORHACHIS
098
COENOGONIUM EXIMIUM
180
COENOGONIUM
PERMINUTUM
180
COENOGONIUM PERSISTENS
180
COENOGONIUM PERTENUE
180
COENOGONIUM POCSII
180
COENOGONIUM PUSILLUM
Octubre 2011
180
COENOGONIUM
PYROPHTHALMUM
180
COENOGONIUM
SAEPINCOLA
180
COENOGONIUM
SIQUIRRENSE F.
DENTICULATUM
180
COENOGONIUM
STENOSPORUM
180
COENOGONIUM
STRAMINEUM
180
COENOGONIUM
STRIGOSUM
180
COENOGONIUM
SUBDENTATUM
180
COENOGONIUM
SUBDILUTUM
180
COENOGONIUM
SUBFALLACIOSUM
180
COENOGONIUM
SUBSQUAMOSUM
180
COENOGONIUM
TAVARESIANUM
180
020
COLONNARIA PEREXIMIA
020
COENOGONIUM
TUCKERMANII
180
COLONNARIA PUSILLA
020
COENOGONIUM WEBERI
180
COLONNARIA TRISCAPA
020
COENOMYCOGONIUM
180
COLOR PATTERNS
015
COEVOLUTION
201
COLORATION
134
COI
205
COLPOTROCHIA
114
COLEOPTERA
074, 106, 109, 111, 124, 132,
166, 173, 177, 184, 188, 192,
194, 206
COLUBRIDAE
012, 168
COLLECTING
085
COLLECTIONS
048, 070, 195
COLOLEJEUNEOIDEAE
139
COLUMNEA SERICEOVILLOSA
197
COLURA
090
COLYMBETINI
109
COLOLEJEUUNEA
090
COMAROSTAPHYLIS
ARBUTOIDES
046, 164
COLONIZATION
164
COMAROSTYLIS SLEUMERI
197
COLONNARIA ANGOLENSIS
020
COMMELINACEAE
121
COLONNARIA COLUMNATA
COMMUNITY COMPOSITION
Octubre 2011
074, 173
COMMUNITY
HOMOGENEITY
074, 173
COMMUNITY RICHNESS
045, 061
COMMUNITY STRUCTURE
074, 127, 173
COOKEINA SPECIOSA
117
COOKEINA TRICHOLOMA
117
COOKEINA VENEZUELAE
117
COOMANSUS
165
COMMUNITY STRUCTURE
RELATIONS
127
COPAXA
166
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
122
COPEPODS
045
COMPARATIVE
CHARACTERISTICS
122
COPESTYLUM
166
COMPETITION
164
CONSERVATION
009, 086, 116, 148, 149, 161,
170, 174, 193, 218
CONSERVATION AREAS
065, 108
CONSERVATION POLICY
200
CONURA
219
CONVALLARIACEAE
121
COOKEINA COLENSOI
117
COPTOCYCLA
194
003, 005, 008, 016, 017, 026,
032, 033, 038, 039, 040, 041,
043, 044, 046, 047, 048, 050,
052, 054, 055, 060, 062, 063,
067, 068, 070, 071, 072, 074,
076, 077, 078, 079, 080, 081,
082, 086, 091, 092, 094, 095,
096, 097, 100, 103, 104, 109,
115, 123, 126, 131, 135, 137,
142, 145, 148, 149, 150, 151,
152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157,
158, 159, 160, 161,
162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167,
168, 169, 170, 171, 173, 175,
179, 182, 189, 195, 210, 222,
223
CORETHRELLA
201
CORETHRELLIDAE
201
CORETHRELLINI
201
COPTOCYCLA (COPTOCYCLA)
ORBICULATA
111
CORIARIA RUSCIFOLIA
164
CORA
160
CORIARIA THYMIFOLIA
164
CORA PAVONIA
018
CORIARIACEAE
164
CORACEAE
018
CORIOLACEAE
220
CORDELEBOEA
114
COROLLA LOBE
057
CORDILLERA DE
TALAMANCA
CORONACEPLALUS INDICUS
118
Octubre 2011
CORRACHIINAE
085
CORSONCUS
098
CORTADERIA
027
CORYTHOPHANIDAE
107
COSMOCHTHONIIDAE
127
COSTACEAE
121
COSTUS BARBATUS
197
COTYACHRYSON
INSPERGATUS
177
CREAGRURA
099
CREMASTINAE
099
CRETACEOUS
201
CROCODYLIA
107
CROCODYLIDAE
107
CROSSOMITHIUM
187
090
CROTOPHAGA SULCIROSTRIS
203
CRUCIBULUM
144
CRUSTACEANS
045
CRYIC SPAHAGNOFIBRIST
153
CRYPHAEACEAE
161
CRYPTOCHLOA
027
CRYPTOTHECIA
179
CTENACARIDAE
127
CTENACARUS ARANEOLUS
127
CTENOPELMATINAE
098
CUBUS
114
CUCULIDAE
203
CUNONIACEAE
197, 222
CUP FUNGI
185
CROSSOTOLEJEUNEA
CUP-FUNGI
019
CUPHEA
197
CUPRESSACEAE
121
CYATHUS
144
CYCADOPHYTA
121
CYCLANTHACEAE
121
CYCLODICTYON
187
CYCLORRHAPHA
105
CYCLOTELLA
077, 158
CYLINDROCOLEA
090
CYLLOCERIA
051
CYLLOCERINAE
051
CYMODOCEACEAE
121
CYNODON
027
CYNOSURUS
027
Octubre 2011
CYPERACEAE
028, 029, 121, 163, 197
CYPERALES
028, 029, 068
CYSTOPTERIS
162
CYTOLOGY
013, 123, 218
DACTYLIS
027
DACTYLOCTENIUM
027
DALTONIA
187
DALTONIACEAE
161
DAMAEIDAE
127
DANTHONIA
027
DEFORESTATION
009, 110
DEFORESTATION RATES
108, 110
DEGLACIATION
097, 155
DELOCRANIA PANAMENSIS
111
DELOCRANIINI
111
117
DELTA 18O
135
DEVELOPMENTAL PATTERN
164
DENDROBATIDAE
107
DIABROTICA
194
DENDROCEROTACEAE
139
DIASTOLAIMUS CROCA
119
DENDROPHTHORA
197
DIATOM ASSEMBLAGE
077, 158
DENDROPHTHORA
COSTARICENSIS
219
DIATOMITE
077, 158
DENNSTAEDTIACEAE
103, 162. 195
DERMOCHELYIDAE
107
DESCHAMPSIA
027
DESCRIPTIONS
001, 006, 007, 013, 016, 017,
020, 023, 024, 025, 028, 029,
034, 035, 037, 057, 084, 089,
091, 093, 098, 101, 103, 105,
106, 107, 109, 112, 114, 115,
120, 121, 123, 124, 125, 126,
128, 129, 130, 132, 133, 136,
137, 138, 140, 141, 143, 146,
176, 177, 180, 184, 185, 187,
188, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194,
196, 197, 198, 201, 202, 204,
206, 208, 209, 211, 212, 213,
214, 215, 218, 220, 221, 222,
223, 225
DESMAZIERELLA ACICOLA
DIATOMS
045, 158
DIBAEIS
160, 179
DICHANTIUM ANNULATUM
010
DICHOGASTER BOLAUI
BOLAUI
037
DICHOGASTER CERVI
037
DICHOGASTER GUETARE
037
DICHOGASTER KEPO
037
DICHOGASTER MODIGLIANII
037
DICHOGASTER PICADOI
037
Octubre 2011
DICHOGASTER SALIENS
037
DICKSONIACEAE
195
DICRANACEAE
161
DICTYONEMA
160, 179
DICTYONEMA MELVINII
130
DICTYONEMA SERICEUM
018
DICTYONEMATACEAE
018
DICTYOONEMA MINOR
130
DICTYOXIPHIUM
PANAMENSE
017
DIDIMUS
188
DIDYMOPYCNOMYCES
180
DIGITARIA COSTARICENSIS
006
DIGLOSSA PLUMBEA
053
DIMERELLA
180
DIMOPHORA
099
DIOPTINAE
211
DIOPTINI
211
DIOPTIS
211
DIOSCOREACEAE
121
DIPLASIOLEJEUNEA
090
DIPLAZON
098
DIPLAZONTINAE
098
DIPLOGLOSSA
204
DIPLOGLOSSINAE
204
DIPLOGLOSSUS FASCIATUS
204
DIPLOSCHISTES
160, 179
DIPLOTOMMA
160
DIPTERA
074, 105, 112, 140, 166, 173,
201, 205, 219
DIRADOPS
114
DISASTERS
050
DISCOLAIMOIDES
165
DISCOMYCETES
019, 117, 185
DISCOMYCTUS
165
DISPHRAGIS
166
DISTERIGMA HUMBOLDTII
023
DISTERIGMA UTLEYORUM
023
DISTRIBUTION
013, 016, 017, 019, 022, 023,
025, 027, 028, 029, 034, 035,
037, 040, 044, 047, 048, 049,
051, 070, 071, 078, 084, 086,
089, 090, 091, 094, 095, 098,
099, 103, 106, 107, 109, 112,
114, 120, 121, 123, 124, 125,
126, 128, 130, 132, 133, 136,
137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 144,
145, 146, 147, 159, 160, 176,
177, 179, 180, 184, 185, 187,
188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193,
194, 196, 197, 198, 201, 202,
204, 206, 208, 209, 210, 211,
212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 218,
220, 221, 222, 223, 225
DISTRIBUTION WITHIN
HABITAT
207
Octubre 2011
DISTURBANCE
005
DITRICHACEAE
161
DIVING BEETLES
109
DIVISION
001
DOLICHOMITUS
051
DOLICHOPTERUS
177
DORYLAIMA
165
DORYLAIMIDA
141
DORYLAIMIDAE
141, 165
DORYNOTA (AKANTAKA)
BIPLAGIATA
111
DORYNOTII
111
DORYPHORIBIUS DAWKINSI
214
DORYPHORIBIUS EVELINAE
214
DORYSTHETUS ARNAUDI
106
DRACAENACEAE
121
ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION
005
DREISBACHIA
051
ECOLOGY
013, 050, 054, 064, 069, 071,
074, 084, 094, 095, 107, 144,
147, 170, 173, 175, 176, 185,
186, 188, 193, 194, 202, 207,
218, 222
DROSSODRILUS CIBCA
037
DROUGHT
050
DRTIOTERUDACEAE
195
DRYMAEUS
167
DRYOPTERIDACEAE
103, 123, 162
DRYOPTERIS
162
ECOMAPAS
170
ECONOMIC VALUATION
181
ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION
058
ECOSYSTEMS
043, 047, 064, 066, 148, 149,
150, 153, 154, 157, 158, 159,
160, 161,
162, 164, 165, 170, 171, 179
DRYOPTERIS
FLACCISQUAMA
103
ECOTONES
044
DYPLOLABIA
179
ECOTOURISM
065, 075, 181, 186
DYTISCIDAE
109
ECPHYADOPHORA
165
ECHINOPLACA
160
EDAPHIC FACTORS
164
ECOLOGICAL IMPACT
081
EDAPHIC ZONE
063
ECOLOGICAL
MODIFICATIONS
026
EIPHOSOMA
099
Octubre 2011
EL NIÑO SOUTHERN
OSCILLATION
050
ELAPHOGLOSSACEAE
067, 078, 126
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
048, 070, 125, 126, 162
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
ANDICOLA
125
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
ANGUSTIFRONS
125
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
ANGUSTIOBLONGUM
126
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
BAQUIANORUM
126
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
BARBATUM
126
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
BARNEBYIANUM
067
ELAPHOGLOSSUM BITTNERI
067
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
CEDRALIENSE
078
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
CILIATOSQUAMA
067
ELAPHOGLOSSUM COTOBRUSENSE
078
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
INCOGNITUM
125
ELAPHOGLOSSUM COTOI
126
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
JINOTEGANUM
126
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
DELGADILLOANUM
125
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
LATIFOLIUM
125
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
ELLIPTICIFOLIUM
125
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
LEPORINUM
017
ELAPHOGLOSSUM ELUDENS
017
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
LONGISTIPITATUM
078
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
ERINACEUM
126
ELAPHOGLOSSUM LUTEUM
078
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
FOURNIERANUM
017
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
MACROSTANDLEYI
067
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
GAMBOANUM
078
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
MARITZAE
078
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
GOMEZIANUM
067
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
MESOAMERICANUM
125
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
HAMMELIANUM
078
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
MEXICANUM
126
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
HERRERAE
067
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
MICKELIANUM
067
Octubre 2011
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
MICROPRODUCTUM
078
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
REJEROANUM
125
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
MORALESII
067
ELAPHOGLOSSUM REPTANS
125
ELAPHOGLOSSUM NANUM
078
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
NEEANUM
126
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
NICARAGUENSE
125
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
NIGROSQUAMA
067
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
OROSIENSE
067
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
PALLIDUM
126
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
PANAMENSE
078
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
POLYPODIUM
125
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
PSEUDOERINACEUM
078
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
RESINOSUM
078
ELAPHOGLOSSUM SARTORII
125
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
SCOLOPENDRIFOLIUM
126
125
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
VALERIANUM
017
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
VARIABILE
125
ELAPHOGLOSSUM VIRIDE
125
ELAPHOGLOSSUM ZAVALE
125
ELAPIDAE
107
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
SILENCIOANUM
126
ELEUSINE
027
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
SPORADOLEPIS
125
ELEUTHERODACTYLUS
FLEISCHMANNI
168
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
SQUAMATUM
067
ELEUTHERODACTYLUS
MELANOSTICTUS
168
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
SQUAMOCOSTATUM
078
ELEUTHERODACTYLUS
PODICIFERUS
168
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
TALAMANCANUM
067
ELLEANTHOIDES GROUP
120
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
TARBACENSE
078
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
TERRESTRE
ELYTROSTACHYS
027
EMBERIZIDAE
053
EMBRYO
Octubre 2011
129
EMBRYOLOGY
218
EMORIA
218
EMPLOYMENT
217
EMYDIDAE
107
ENCYONEMA
077, 158
ENDANGERED SPECIES
022, 049
ENDEMISM
161, 162, 163, 169, 209, 225
ENIZEMUM
098
ENSO
050
ENTIC DYSTRANDEPT
199
ENTISOLS
153
ENTODONTACEAE
161
ENTRANCE FEES
181
ENVIRONMENT
036, 186
ENVIRONMENTAL
CONDITIONS
164
ENVIRONMENTAL
CORRELATIONS
183
ENVIRONMENTAL
EDUCATION
087, 149
084
EPIDENDRUM DAVIDSEI
084
EPIDENDRUM
LAGENOCOLUMNA
084
EPIDENDRUM MORARETANAE
084
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
ASSESSMENT
186
EPIDENDRUM PACHYCERAS
084
ENVIRONMENTAL
MONITORING
186
EPIDENDRUM RAFAELLUCASII
084
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION
038
EPIDENDRUM
SUMMERHAYESII
084
ENYO
166
EPIDENDRUM TOLIMENSE
120
EPHEBE
160
EPIDORYLAIMUS
165
EPHIALTIAS
211
EPIPHYTES
058
EPIDAMAEUS
127
EPIPODOCARPUS
177
EPIDENDRUM
163
EPIRHYSSA
051
EPIDENDRUM ANASTASIOI
084
EPISCADA
194
EPIDENDRUM
CHIRRIPOENSE
EPISPHENUS
188
Octubre 2011
098
EQUILIBRIUM LINE
ALTITUDE
142
EQUILIBRIUM-LINE
ALTITUDE
131
EQUISETACEAE
195
ERAGROSTIS EKMANII
010
ERAGROSTIS GLOMERATA
010
ERAGROSTOIDEAE
027
ERBESSA
211
EREMOLEPIDACEAE
219
EREPTONEMA FIMBRIATUM
118
EREPTONEMA INFLATUM
118
EREPTONENA ARCTICUM
118
ERETHIZONTIDAE
030
ERICACEAE
002, 004, 008, 023, 101, 163,
164, 172, 197
ERINNYIS
166
ERIOCAULACEAE
121, 163, 197, 216
ERIOCHLOA STEVENSII
039
ERIODERMA
160, 179
ERIONOMUS
188
ERIOPYGA
166
ERIOSORUS
162
ERISTALIS
166
ERUGA
051
ERYTHRINA
197
ERYTHRODOLIUS
098
ESCALLONIA MYRTILLOIDES
164
ESCALLONIA POASANA
164
ESCALLONIACEAE
164
ERIDOLIUS
EUCHARASSUS CHEMSAKI
192
EUCHARASSUS HOVOREI
192
EUCHARASSUS
LINGAFELTERI
192
EUCHARASSUS WAPPESI
192
EUCHEIRA
219
EUCHLAENIDIA
211
EUCLEA
166
EUDOCIMA
166
EUDORYLAIMUS
165
EUNOTIA
077, 158
EUPATORIEAE
223
EUPATORIUM KUPPERI
197
EUPHTHIRACAROIDEA
115
EUPHTHIRACARUS EVEXUS
115
EUPHTHIRACARUS PEDANOS
Octubre 2011
115
EUPHTHIRACARUS
SERANGOS
115
109
EXALLANDRA
205
EXETASTES
114
EUPHTHIRACARUS
TESSELATUS
115
EXOCHUS
114
EUPHTHIRACARUS TUMIDUS
115
EXPEDITIONS
021, 195
EUROTIALES
185
EXPLORATIONS
150
EURYPTERA VIRGATA
177
EXPLORERS
150
EUSELASIINAE
085
EXTINCT SPECIES
212
EUSTICHIACEAE
161
EXTINCTION RISK
116
EUTANYGASTER
099
FABACEAE
026, 219
EUTARDIGRADA
214
FABACEAE/CAE.
197
EUXOA
166
EVERNIASTRUM
160, 179
EVOLUTION
026, 071, 073, 094, 123, 188,
202
EVOLUTIONARY
SIGNIFICANCE
086
FABACEAE/PAP.
163, 197
FAGACEAE
046, 063, 182
FAGALES
046
FAUNA
042, 149
FAUNISTIC NOTES
FEEDING HABITS
015, 169, 203
FELIDAE
015, 022, 030, 207
FELIS PARDALIS
022
FELIS WIEDII
022
FELLHANERA
160
FELLHANERA
ANGUSTISPORA
069
FELLHANERA DICTYOSPORA
069
FELLHANERA DISPERSA
069
FELLHANERA DOMINICANA
069
FELLHANERA EMARGINATA
069
FELLHANERA FUSCATULA
069
FELLHANERA MISIONENSIS
069, 089
FELLHANERA PAUCISEPTATA
069
FELLHANERA
PILOMARGINATA
Octubre 2011
069
FELLHANERA RUBIDA
069
FELLHANERA
SUBFUSCATULA
069
FELLHANERA
SUBLECANORINA
069
FELLHANERA
SUBSTANHOPEAE
089
FEMALES
129, 201
FERNS
007, 016, 017, 040, 043, 048,
067, 070, 078, 103, 123, 125,
126, 137, 148, 149, 150, 157,
162, 195
FILA VENTISQUEROS
185
FILENCHUS
165
FILICALES
103
FILICES
123
FIMARIA HEPATICA
117
FIRE
002, 003, 004, 005, 008, 021,
031, 032, 043, 050, 054, 068,
079, 081, 087, 092, 157, 172,
174
FIRE CAUSES
050, 087
FESTUCA
027, 163
FIRE ECOLOGY
005, 021, 050, 054, 068, 079,
081, 087, 174
FESTUCA HERRERAE
039
FIRE EFFECTS
054, 068, 081, 087
FESTUCA TALAMANCENSIS
039
FIRE HISTORY
081, 087, 092, 157
FESTUCOIDEAE
027
FIRE MANAGEMENT
081
FIELD GUIDES
088, 179
FIRE PREVENTION
087
FIERY-THROATED
HUMMINGBIRD
176
FIRE SUPPRESSION POLICY
087
FISSIPEDA
030
FLABELLOMYCES
180
FLACOPIMPLA
051
FLAMINIUS
188
FLORA
044, 049, 149
FLORISTIC COMPOSITION
197
FLOWERING
164
FLOWERING PLANTS
163
FLOWERS
013
FLUCTUATIONS
142
FOLIICOLOUS LICHENS
069, 072, 073, 089
FOOD CAPTURE
105
FOOD PLANTS
219
FOREST AND WOODLAND
127
FOREST COMMUNITIES
046
Octubre 2011
FOREST COVER
110
FOREST DYNAMICS
071, 094
FOREST FIRES
005, 008, 043, 050, 054, 068,
079, 081, 092, 157
FOREST FRAGMENTATION
059
FOREST HABITAT RELATIONS
127
FOREST PRESERVATION
059
FOREST PRODUCTS
050
FOREST RESERVES
116
FOREST TREES
047, 159, 164
FOREST TYPOLOGY
076
FORESTRY
199
FORESTRY RESERVES
108
FORESTRY SECTOR
110
FORESTS
043, 044, 050, 079, 157
FORMS
164
FORRESTOPIUS
114
FOSSIL DIATOMS
077, 158
FOSSIL POLLEN
096, 156
FOSSILS
201
FOSSOMBRONIACEAE
049, 139, 161
FRAGILITY
174
FREEZING
151
FRESHWATER HABITAT
105
FRESHWATER
ZOOPLANKTON
045, 061
FROG-BITING MIDGES
201
FROGS
201
FRUIT DISPERSAL
194
FUNARIACEAE
161
FUNGI
018, 019, 020, 069, 072, 073,
089, 117, 130, 144, 148, 149,
160, 175, 179, 180, 185, 190,
191, 193, 202, 220
FUSCIDEA
160
FUSCIDEACEAE
202
FUSCOZETES
127
GAIADENDRON
197
GALIUM
163, 197
GANODES
051
GASTEROMYCETES
144
GASTROPODS
129, 134
GAULTHERIA
197
GAULTHERIA GRACILIS
023
GAULTHERIA ODORATA
023
GAZETTEER
175
GEASTRUM
144
Octubre 2011
GEASTRUM FIMBRIATUM
VAR. PSEUDOHIERONIMII
144
GEKKONIDAE
107
GEMINATA
194
GEMMAE PRESENCE
049
GENERA
051, 082, 098, 099, 121, 138,
198
GENERIC DIVERSITY
076
GENETIC RESOURCES
039, 044
GENTIANACEAE
197
GEOCALYCACEAE
049, 090, 139, 161
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION
175
197
119
GEOLOGIC HISTORY
003
GERANIACEAE
197
GEOLOGICAL AGES
131, 135, 142, 152
GERANIUM
197
GEOLOGY
041, 063, 066, 131, 135, 148,
149, 152, 153, 170, 182
GERRHONOTUS
MONTICOLUS
168
GEOMETRIDAE
166
GESNERIACEAE
197
GEOMORPHOLOGY
041, 042, 063, 102, 148, 152,
153, 154, 170, 182
GETTA
211
GEOMYDOECUS CHERRIEI
001
GEOMYDOECUS
COSTARICENSIS
001
GEOMYDOECUS
DAVIDHAFNERI
001
GIBBOSITIES
214
GIS
170
GLACIAL DEPOSITS
003, 008, 043, 079, 081, 092,
097, 155, 157
GLACIAL GEOLOGY
131, 135, 152
GEOMYDOECUS
PANAMENSIS PANAMENSIS
001
GLACIAL GEOMORPHOLOGY
097, 155
GEOMYDOECUS SETZERI
001
GLACIAL LAKE
003
GEOMYIDAE
001
GLACIAL LAKES
102, 154
GEOGRAPHICAL
RELATIONSHIPS
026
GEONOMA ORBIGNYANA
183
GLACIATION
131
GEOGRAPHY
GERALDIUS BAKERI
GLAZIELLA AURANTIACA
GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION
176
GEOGRAPHICAL
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
170
Octubre 2011
117
121
191
GLEICHENIACEAE
162, 195
GNETOPHYTA
121
GRASS PARAMO
086
GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC
CHANGES
058
GODYRIS
194
GRASSES
039
GOMPHILLACEAE
202
GREENHOUSE EFFECT
199
GOMPHONEMA
077, 158
GREGARIOUSNESS
219
GONATAS
188
GRIMMIACEAE
161
GONIOCHENIINI
111
GROOVE-BILLED ANI
203
GONOCALYX
MEGABRACTEOLATUS
101
GROSSULARIACEAE
164
GLOEOPORUS
LONGISPORUS
220
GLONIELLA GRACILIS
191
GLOSSODRILUS DORASQUE
037
GLOSSODRILUS NEMORALIS
037
GLOSSODRILUS OROSI
037
GLOSSOSCOLECIDAE
037
GLYCERIA
027
GLYPTA
114
GLYPTINI
114
GNAPHALIEAE
143
GNAPHALIUM
163
GNETACEAE
GONODONTA
166
GRAMMITIDACEAE
103, 195
GRAMMITIS
048, 070
GRAPHIDACEAE
202
GRAPHINA
160
GRAPHIS
160
GRAPHYLLIUM
PANDURATUM
GROTEA
099
GROWTH
164
GROWTH FORM
149
GROWTH HABIT
013
GROWTH INHIBITION
031
GUATTERIA PUDICA
093
GUATTERIA TALAMANCANA
093
Octubre 2011
GUAZUMA ULMIFOLIA
219
GUTTIFERAE
164
GUZMANIA SOLITARIA
082
GUZMANIA SUPERBA
197
GYALECTIDIUM
160
GYALIDEOPSIS
160
GYMNOMITRIACEAE
049, 090, 139, 161
GYMNOPHIONA
107
GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE
107
GYMNOSPERMS
121
GYNERIUM
027
GYROMITRA CHIRRIPOENSIS
019, 117
GYROMITRA ESCULENTA
117
GYROMITRA INFULA
019, 185
GYROMITUS DISOMATUS
083
HABIT
143, 164
HABITAT
018, 026, 049, 121, 138, 145,
164, 179, 198, 222, 225
HABITAT ALTERATIONS
031
HABITAT PROTECTION
116
HABRONYX
098
HADELEBOEA
114
HADESINA
211
HADROSTETHUS
114
HAEMODORACEAE
121
HALORAGACEAE
198
HAMAMELIDACEAE
198
HAPSINOTUS
114
HARPALEJEUNEA
090
HEDWIGIA NIVALIS
189
HEDWIGIACEAE
161, 189
HELICARIONIDAE
167
HELICINA AMOENA
129, 134
HELICINA BEATRIX
RIOPEJENSIS
129, 134
HELICINA CHIQUITICA
129, 134
HELICINA ECHANDIENSIS
129, 134
HELICINA ESCONDIDA
129, 134
HELICINA FRAGILIS
129, 134
HAPALOPILACEAE
220
HELICINA FUNCKI
COSTARICENSIS
129, 134
HAPLOMITRIACEAE
139
HELICINA MONTEVERDENSIS
129, 134
HAPLOZETIDAE
127
HELICINA OWENIANA
129, 134
Octubre 2011
HELICINA PUNCTISULCATA
CUERICIENSIS
129, 134
HELICINA TALAMANCENSIS
129, 134
HELICINA TENUIS
129, 134
HELICINA TENUIS PITTIERI
129, 134
HELICINIDAE
129, 134
HELICODISCIDAE
167
HELICONIACEAE
121
HELICOTYLENCHUS
165
HELISCUS
188
HELMINTHS
118, 119, 165
HELVELLA ALBELLA
117
HELVELLA ATRA
019, 117
HELVELLA CRISPA
117
HELVELLA DIDICUSANA
117, 185
HELVELLA LACUNOSA
117
HELVELLA MACROPUS
117
HELVELLA STEVENSII
185
HELVELLACEAE
019, 117
HEMIPTERA
221
HEMIRAGIS
187
HEPATICAE
090, 147, 161, 175
HERBARIUM SPECIMENS
163
HETERODERMIA
160, 179
HIEROCHLOË
027
HIGH ALTITUDE
224
HIGH ALTITUDE SPECIES
048, 070
HIGROPHORACEAE
202
HINCKSIUS
188
HISTORY
050, 092, 096, 150, 174
HERBERTACEAE
139, 161
HISTOSOLS (LITHIC
TROPOFOLIST
153
HERBIVORES
194
HOFFMANN'S WOODPECKER
203
HERNANDIACEAE
198
HOLCUS
027
HERPOTHALLACEAE
018
HOLOCENE
003, 008, 043, 079, 096, 152,
156, 157
HERPOTHALLON
SANGUINEUM
018
HOLOCOENIS
180
HETEROCHROMA
166
HOLOPHYLLA
194
HETERODERA
165
HOLZERI
206
Octubre 2011
HOME RANGE
017
HOMINIDAE
043, 050, 079, 157
HOMO
043, 157
HUMAN INFLUENCE
048, 050, 070, 092, 149, 157,
174, 175
HUMAN POPULATION
PRESSURE
086
HUMIDITY
074, 173
HOMOGEINITY IN PARAMO
HABITATS
074, 173
HUMIDITY VARIATION
151
HOMOPTERA
136, 166
HUMIRICAE
198
HOOKERIA
187
HUPERZIA
162
HOOKERIACEAE
187
HYBOSA MELLICULA
111
HOOKERIALES
187
HYBRIDS
123
HOOKERIOPSIS
187
HYDNORACEAE
198
HORTENSIA
166
HYDRANGEA
197
HOST PLANTS
211
HYDRANGEACEAE
198
HOST RECORDS
085
HYDROBIOSIDAE
166
HOSTS
099
HYDROCHARITACEAE
121
HPERICACEAE
198
HYDROECIODES
166
HYDROLOGY
065
HYDROMORPHISM
153
HYDROPHYLLACEAE
198
HYDROPTILIDAE
196
HYLA GRATIOSA
201
HYLA PICADOI
168
HYLA PICTIPES
168
HYLESICIDA
114
HYLIDAE
107, 168, 201
HYMENOCHAETACEAE
220
HYMENOEPIMECIS
051
HYMENOLICHENS
018
HYMENOMYCETES
220
HYMENOPHYLLACEAE
016, 103, 162, 195
HYMENOPHYLLUM
048, 070, 162
Octubre 2011
HYMENOPHYLLUM
(SPHAEROCIONIUM)
SAENZIANUM
016
HYMENOPTERA
051, 074, 098, 099, 114, 166,
173, 219
HYPAMBLYS
098
HYPERICACEAE
002, 004, 008, 164, 172
HYPERICUM CARACASANUM
164
HYPERICUM IRAZUENSE
002, 004, 008, 164, 172
HYPERICUM STRICTUM
164
103
051, 098, 099, 114, 166
HYPOLERIA
194
ICMADOPHILA
160, 179
HYPOTRACHYNA
160, 179
IDENTIFICATION
075
HYPOTRIX
166
IDENTITY
104
HYPOXIDACEAE
121
IGUANIDAE
107
HYPSIBIIDAE
214
ILEX DISCOLOR
046
HYPSIBIINAE
214
IMPACT
092, 157
HYPSICERA
114
IMPACT IN TROPICAL
FORESTS
058
HYSTERIACEAE
191
HYPOCENOMYCE
160
HYSTEROGRAPHIUM
PULCHRUM
191
HYPOLEPIS
162
HYSTRICIA
166
HYPOLEPIS LELLINGERI
103
ICACINACEAE
198
INBIO
038, 040, 044, 046, 051, 062,
063, 067, 074, 078, 084, 088,
090, 091, 093, 098, 099, 101,
103, 104, 105, 106, 109, 111,
112, 114, 115, 117, 118, 119,
121, 124, 125, 126, 128, 129,
130, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140,
141, 144, 148, 149, 150, 151,
152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157,
158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163,
164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169,
170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 177,
179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184,
185, 188, 190, 191, 192, 194,
198, 201, 202, 205, 206, 208,
209, 211, 213, 214, 219, 220,
221, 222, 225
HYPOLEPIS MORANIANA
ICHNEUMONIDAE
INBIONEMA BIFORME
HYPNACEAE
161
HYPNELLA
187
HYPOCALA
166
HYSTERIALES
191
HYSTERIUM
ASYMMETRICUM
191
Octubre 2011
165
INCEPTISOLS
153
INDIGENOUS ORGANISMS
006, 026, 049, 103, 121, 123,
125, 138, 198
INDUBITARIA
194
INFLATOSTEREUM
GLABRUM
220
INFLORESCENCES
013
INFLUENCE OF EPIPHYTES
058
INFLUENCING FACTORS
074, 173
INSECTS
001, 010, 021, 045, 051, 074,
085, 098, 099, 105, 106, 109,
111, 112, 114, 124, 132, 136,
140, 148, 149, 166, 173, 177,
184, 188, 192, 194, 196, 201,
205, 206, 208, 211, 219, 221
INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY
152
INTERGENERIC HYBRIDS
017
INTERTROPICAL
CONVERGENCE ZONE
135, 152, 188, 224
INTROGRESSIVE
HYBRIDIZATION
026
INONOTUS
PSEUDOGLOMERATUS
220
INVERTEBRATES
001, 010, 021, 037, 045, 051,
074, 085, 098, 099, 105, 106,
109, 111, 112, 114, 115, 118,
119, 124, 127, 129, 132, 134,
136, 140, 141, 148, 149, 165,
166, 167, 173, 177, 184, 188,
192, 194, 196, 201, 205, 206,
208, 211, 214, 219, 221
INSECT COMMUNITIES
074, 173
IODOPHANUS CARNEUS
117
INSECT LARVAE
045
IOTONCHUS
165
INSECT PREDATORS
105
IRIDACEAE
121, 163
INSECT PREY
105
IRONUS
165
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
075
ISCHASIA ECCLINUSAE
177
ISCHASIA MAREKI
177
ISCHASIA POUTERIAE
177
ISCHASIA SABATIERI
177
ISCHASIA VIRIDITHORAX
177
ISEROPUS
051
ISODREPANIUM
187
ISÖETES TRIYONIANA
016
ISOSTYLA
211
ISOZYMES
123
ISOËTACEAE
162, 195
ISOËTES
162
ITOPLECTIS
051
JAGUAR
022, 030
JAMESONIA
162
Octubre 2011
161
JESSEA COOPERI
057
JESSEA MEGAPHYLLA
057
JESSEA MULTIVENIA
057
JURINIA
219
KAMUK MASSIF
103
LA GEORGINA
091, 117, 123, 144, 213
LA SIERRA DE EL GUARCO
223
LA TRINIDAD DE DOTA
222
KARATOPHYLLUM
BROMELIOIDES
082
LABENA
099
KARYOTYPES
133, 194, 223
LABENINAE
099
LABIENUS
188
JUBULACEAE
049, 139, 161
KEYS
007, 013, 018, 020, 023, 026,
028, 029, 051, 073, 098, 099,
106, 107, 109, 112, 114, 115,
119, 121, 124, 125, 126, 130,
133, 138, 140, 184, 187, 188,
190, 192, 193, 196, 198, 201,
204, 209, 214, 220, 221, 222,
223
JUGLANDACEAE
198
KINOSTERNIDAE
107
JUNCACEAE
121
KIVUT
209
JORGEUS GENESISSI
098
JORGEUS JIMENEZI
098
JOSIA
211
JOURNALISM
087
JUNCO VULCANI
053
JUNGERMANNIACEAE
049, 090, 139, 161
JUNGERMANNIALES
147
JUNGERMANNIIA
090
KRAMERIACEAE
198
LA CHONTA DE DOTA
096, 131, 148, 156, 193, 222,
223
LA CHONTA LAGOON
131
LA CIMA DE DOTA
112
JUNGERMANNIOPSIDA
LABRONEMELLA
165
LACHEMILLA
163
LACINIPOLIA
166
LACISTEMATACEAE
198
LAESTADIA
197
LAGOLEPTUS
098
LAGUNA CHIRRIPO
045, 061, 081, 102, 154
LAGUNA DEL REFUGIO
102
LAGUNA DITKEBI
102
Octubre 2011
208
LAGUNA DE LAS MORRENAS
045, 061, 077, 081, 102, 154,
157, 158, 224
LAIMYDORUS
165
LAKE SEDIMENT
003, 008, 043, 079, 081, 097,
155, 157, 224
LAMIACEAE
198
LAMIINAE
177
LAND USE
008, 038, 108, 110, 199
LANEIELLA
177
LANGERMANNIA
144
LARVAE
219
LAST DEGLACIATION
152
LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM
096, 131, 142, 156
LATE PLEISTOCENE
142
LATERNEA
144
LATHROLESTES
098
LAURACEAE
063, 182, 198
LEAF ANATOMY
164
LEAFHOPPERS
221
LEAFY STEM
013
LEAVES
013
LECANIOPSIS
180
LECANORA
160
LECANORALES
193, 202
LECARONOMYCETES
190
LECIDEA
160
LECYTHIDACEAE
198
LEIPHAIMOS
197
LEJEUNEACEAE
049, 090, 139, 161
LEJEUNEAE
139
LEJEUNEOIDEAE
139
LELLINGERIA
162
LEMNACEAE
121
LENNOACEAE
198
LENTIBULARIACEAE
198
LEODONTA TELLANE
CHIRIQUENSIS
219
LEOPARDUS TIGRINUS
022
LEERSIA
027
LEOPARDUS TIGRINUS
ONCILLA
015, 207
LEGISLATION
066
LEPICOLEACEAE
049, 139, 161
LEICHOSILA TALAMANCA
208
LEPIDOBOTRYACEAE
198
LEICHOSILA WAGNERI
LEPIDOCHELYS
Octubre 2011
107
LEPTOSCYPHUS
090
LIFE ZONES
149
LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE
107
LIGHTENING
050
LEPTURINAE
177
LIGHTING
087, 092, 157
LEPYRODONTACEAE
161
LIGIELLA
144
LESKEODON
187
LILIACEAE
013, 121
LEUCANIA
166
LILIALES
210
LEUCODONTACEAE
161
LEURUS
114
LILIOPSIDA
002, 003, 004, 006, 008, 010,
013, 021, 027, 028, 029, 039,
043, 056, 071, 079, 082, 084,
094, 095, 100, 105, 113, 120,
121, 133, 136, 138, 148, 149,
157, 163, 164, 172, 175, 183,
197, 210, 211, 216
LIACARIDAE
127
LIMACODIDAE
166
LIMERNAEA
177
LEPTOGIUM
160, 179
LICHENES
018, 069, 072, 073, 089, 130,
148, 149, 160, 175, 179, 180,
193, 202
LEPTOLAIMINA
118
LICHENIZED FUNGI
089, 160, 179, 202
LEPTOLEJEUNEA
090
LIENIX
166
LEPTOPIMPLA
051
LIFE HISTORY
036, 071, 085, 094
LEPIDOPILIDIUM
187
LEPIDOPILUM
187
LEPIDOPTERA
085, 166, 194, 208, 211, 219
LEPIDOZIA
090
LEPIDOZIACEAE
049, 090, 139, 161
LEPROCAULON
160
LEPTAULACINI
188
LEPTAULAX
188
LEPTOBATOPSIS
114
LEPTODACTYLIDAE
107, 168, 201
LEUJENEA
090
LIMNOCHARITACEAE
121
LIMNOLOGY
011, 102, 148, 154, 158
LIMNOPHILA
COSTARRICENSIS
197
LINACEAE
Octubre 2011
198
LINSLEYELLA
177
LIOIDIDAE
127
LIPOPHILIC SECONDARY
METABOLITES
147
LISSAMPHIBIA
122, 201
LISSOCAULUS
114
LISSONOTA
114
LIST OF GROUPS
206
LITERATURE REVIEW
127
LITHACHNE
027
LITHIC HUMITROPEPT
153
LITHIC PLACAQUAND
153
LITHIC TROPORTHENT
153
LITHIC TROPOSAPRIST
153
LIVERWORTS
049, 139, 161
LOASACEAE
198
LOXOCEMIDAE
107
LOBARIA
160, 179
LOXODOCUS
114
LOBELIACEAE
197
LUCIDELLA LIRATA
129, 134
LOCAL VEGETATION
DEVELOPMENT
156
LUNULARIACEAE
139
LOESELIA
197
LOGANIACEAE
198
LOGILVIA
160
LOHMANNIIDAE
127
LOLIUM
027
LOMARIOPSIDACEAE
048, 067, 070, 078, 125, 195
LOMARIOPSIDAE
162
LORANTHACEAE
197, 198, 219
LORENZOCHLOA
027
LORENZOCHLOA
ERECTIFOLIA
010
LUPINUS
163
LUPINUS CACUMINUS
026
LUPINUS KELLERMANIANUS
026
LUPINUS MONTANUS
026
LUPINUS MUELLERI
026
LUPINUS VALEROI
026
LUTEOLEJEUNEA
090
LUTEOLIN-DI-C-GLYKOSIDES
104
LUZIOLA
027
LYCAENIDAE
166
LYCES
Octubre 2011
211
LYCIANTHES
197
LYCIDAE
184
LYCOGALOPSIS
144
MACLEANIA TURRIALBANA
023
MACRASPIS CHRYSIS
106
MACRASPIS COSTARICENSIS
COSTARICENSIS
106
LYCOPERDON
144
MACRASPIS COSTARICENSIS
EXPATRIA
106
LYCOPHYTA
048, 070
MACRASPIS HIRTIVENTRIS
106
LYCOPODIACEAE
048, 162, 195
MACRASPIS SOLISI
106
LYCOPODIUM
048, 070, 162
MACROFUNGI
191
LYCORINA
098
MACROGEOMYS
HEREDORUS CARTAGOENSIS
001
LYCORININAE
098
LYROMMATACEAE
202
LYTHRACEAE
197, 198
MACLEANIA
101, 197
MACLEANIA RACEMOSA
023
MACLEANIA RUPESTRIS
023
MACROLAIMUS
119
MACROLININI
188
MACROLINUS
188
MACROMITRIACEAE
161
MAGNOLIOPHYTA
002, 003, 004, 006, 008, 010,
013, 021, 023, 024, 025, 026,
027, 028, 029, 034, 035, 038,
039, 043, 046, 047, 056, 057,
058, 063, 067, 068, 071, 079,
080, 082, 084, 088, 091, 093,
094, 095, 100, 101, 103, 113,
120, 121, 128, 133, 136, 138,
143, 146, 148, 149, 157, 159,
163, 164, 172, 175, 182, 183,
194, 197, 198, 209, 210, 211,
213, 215, 216, 218, 219, 222,
223, 225
MAGNOLIOPSIDA
002, 003, 004, 008, 010, 021,
023, 024, 025, 026, 034, 035,
038, 046, 047, 056, 057, 058,
063, 080, 088, 091, 093, 101,
113, 128, 143, 146, 148, 149,
159, 163, 164, 172, 175, 182,
194, 197, 198, 209, 211, 213,
215, 218, 219, 222, 223, 225
MAIANTHEMUM GIGAS
VAR. GIGAS
013
MAIANTHEMUM
MONTEVERDENSE
013
MAIANTHEMUM
PALUDICOLUM
013
MAECOLAPSIS
194
MAIANTHEMUM
PANICULATM
013
MAGNOLIACEAE
198
MAIETA
197
Octubre 2011
MALACONOTHRIDAE
127
MALLOMAS CYATHELLATA
VAR. CHILENSIS
083
MALLOMAS MARVIEKOAE
083
MALLOMAS STRIATA
083
MALLOMAS TONSURATA
083
014, 086, 148, 149, 161, 170,
174
MANAGEMENT PLAN
042
MANOTA ACUMINATA
140
MANOTA ACUTISTYLUS
140
MANOTA ARENALENSIS
140
MANOTA BIHAMATA
140
MALLOMAS
TRANSSYLVANICA
083
MANOTA CARIBICA
140
MALLOMONAS ACAROIDES
083
MANOTA CORCOVADO
140
MALLOMONAS
CRASSISQUAMA
083
MANOTA COSTARICENSIS
140
MALLOPHAGA
001
MALPIGHIACEAE
198
MALVACEAE
198
MAMMALS
001, 003, 015, 022, 030, 043,
048, 050, 079, 100, 148, 149,
157, 207
MANAGEMENT
MANOTA DIVERSISETA
140
MANOTA EXIMIA
140
MANOTA FRATERNA
140
MANOTA INCISA
140
MANOTA INORNATA
140
MANOTA INTERMEDIA
140
MANOTA LIMONENSIS
140
MANOTA MAJOR
140
MANOTA MONTIVAGA
140
MANOTA MULTISETOSA
140
MANOTA PARVA
140
MANOTA PENICILLATA
140
MANOTA PLANISTYLUS
140
MANOTA RARA
140
MANOTA RECTOLOBATA
140
MANOTA ROTUNDISTYLUS
140
MANOTA SPINOSA
140
MANOTA SQUAMULATA
140
MANOTA TAPANTIENSIS
140
MANOTA VEXILLIFERA
140
MANOTINAE
Octubre 2011
140
MAPS
044
MARANTACEAE
121
MARCGRAVIACEAE
198
MARCHANTIACEAE
161
MARCHANTIALES
139
MARCHANTIOPHYTA
049, 104, 139
MARCHELLA HEREDIANA
185
MARTYNIACEAE
198
MASS MEDIA
087
MASTIGOPHORA
201
MASTOCHILUS
188
MATAMBU DE NICOYA
025
MAYACACEAE
121
MCCLUNGIA
194
MEGADERUS
177
MEGALOSPORA
160
MEGASCOLECIDAE
037
114
MENISPERMACEAE
198
MENYANTHACEAE
198
MELANERPES HOFFMANNII
203
MERISTACARUS
LONGISETUS
127
MELANOGASTER
144
MEROSTACHYS
027
MELANTHIACEAE
121
MERULIACEAE
220
MELASTOMATACEAE
047, 091, 159, 163, 197, 198
MESASPIS MONTICOLA
168
MELETE LEUCANTHE
219
MESODORYLAIMUS
165
MELETE LYCIMNIA ISANDRA
219
MESOGASTROPODA
167
MELIACEAE
198
MESOGRAMMA
TRILINEATUM
105
MELPOMENE
162
MELPOMENE ALANSHMITHII
103
MEN
003, 043, 048, 050, 079, 157
MENEGAZZIA
160
MENISCOMORPHA
MESOPLOPHORA
(PARPLOPHORA) BACULA
115
MESOPLOPHORIDAE
115
MESORHABIDITIS
165
MESOTRITIA SEMOTA
115
Octubre 2011
METAPHIRE CALIFORNICA
037
METATERATOCEPHALUS
165
METEORIACEAE
161
METHODS
055
METOPIINAE
114
METOPIUS
114
METZGERIACEAE
049, 139, 161
METZGERIALES
139
MICANDRA
166
MICAREA
160
MICONIA
163
MICONIA COLLICULOSA
091
MICONIA CORREAE
091
MICONIA CROCATA
091
MICONIA JEFENSIS
091
202
MICONIA MORI
091
MICONIA TALAMANCENSIS
091
MICONIA VESTITA
091
MICONIEAE
091
MICROCERCULUS
MARGINATUS
145
MICROCERCULUS
PHILOMELA
145
MICROCTENOCHIRA
BONVOULOIRI
111
MICROFUNGI
191
MICROHYLIDAE
107
MICROORGANISMS
020, 045
MICROPHIALE
180
MICROPTERYGIUM
090
MICROSTYLIS
197
MICROTHELIOPSIDACEAE
MIGRANT BIRDS
169
MIGRATION
043, 079, 157
MIMICRY
085, 219
MINIACEAE
161
MINIDORYSTHETUS SOLISI
106
MIRE
005
MITOCHONDRIAL PROTEINCODING GENE
CYTOCHROME C OXIDASE
SUBUNIT I
205
MNIOES
114
MODERN POLLEN
DEPOSITION
096, 156
MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY
205
MOLINEDIA
063, 182
MOLLUGINACEAE
198
MOLLUSCS
129, 134, 148, 149, 167
Octubre 2011
MOMOTIDAE
203
MOMOTUS MOMOTA
203
MONIMIACEAE
198
MONOBLASTIACEAE
202
MONOCHAETUM
163
117
136
MORCHELLA HEREDIANA
117
MUSACEAE
121, 136
MORGANELLA
144
MUSCI
161, 175
MORINGACEAE
198
MUTINUS
144
MORPHOLOGICAL
ADAPTATIONS
149
MYCETOPHILIDAE
140
MONOCLEACEAE
139, 161
MORPHOLOGY
013, 057, 085, 118, 119, 143,
147, 194, 218, 221
MONOCLEALES
139
MORPHOMETRIC SURVEY
011
MONONCHUS
165
MOSSES
139, 175
MONTANE FORESTS
071, 094, 095
MOUNTAIN ECOLOGY
059
MOORS
055, 056
MOUNTAIN FORESTS
040, 044, 047, 086, 159
MORACEAE
198
MOUNTAIN HABITAT
074, 173
MORAVIA DE CHIRRIPO
193
MOUNTAINS
048, 070, 175
MORCHELLA CONICA
117
MUHLENBERGIA NIGRA
010
MYCOBLASTUS
160, 179
MYCOCOENOGONIUM
180
MYCONIA
197
MYLONCHULUS
165
MYRIACTIS
163
MYRICACEAE
198
MYRRHIDENDRON
163
MYRRHIDENDRON
CHIRRIPOENSE
197
MORCHELLA ELATA
117
MUNTINGIACEAE
198
MYRRHIDENDRON
DONNELLSMITHII
164
MORCHELLA ESCULENTA
MUSA
MYRSINACEAE
Octubre 2011
063, 080, 182, 197, 198
MYRSINE CORIACEA
NIGRESCENS
080
MYRSINE DEPENDENS
080
MYRSINE NICRESCENS
080
MYRSINE PITTIERI
046
MYRTACEAE
198
MYTILOPSIS
090
N-ALKANES
224
NANIUM
098
NARDUS STRICTA
010
NASSELLA
027
NATIONAL MONUMENTS
116
NATIONAL PARKS
009, 040, 042, 044, 054, 064,
065, 066, 072, 075, 088, 108,
110, 116, 178, 181, 217
NATIONAL RESERVES
178
NATIONAL WILDLIFE
REFUGES
108
NATURAL ENEMIES
085
NATURAL HISTORY
022, 085, 107, 194
NATURAL LANDSCAPES
081
NATURAL REGENERATION
005, 008, 021
NATURAL RESOURCES
116
NATURAL RESOURCES
EVALUATION
181
NATURAL SCIENCES
066
NATURE CONSERVATION
108, 116, 186, 200
NATURE RESERVES
064, 108, 116
NATURE TOURISM
181
NAVICULA
077, 158
NEBULOSA
211
NECYDALOPSINI
192
NEESIOSCYPHUS
090
NELEOTHYMUS
099
NELIOPISTHUS
098
NEMATOCERA
201
NEMATODES
118, 119, 141, 148, 149, 165
NEMORIA
166
NEOHYPNELLA
187
NEOLYSURUS
144
NEOMEGADERUS
177
NEOPHASIA
219
NEOTHERONIA
051
NEOTROPICAL MONTANE
FOREST
063
NEOTYLOCEPHALUS
ANNONAE
118
NEOTYLOCEPHALUS
HARYANENSIS
118
Octubre 2011
220
NEOTYLOCEPHALUS
INFLATUS
118
NEPHODIA
166
NEPHROMA
160
NERITOPSINA
129, 134
NESTLINGS
036
NESTS
036
NETELIA
098
NEW COMBINATIONS
020, 023, 057, 069, 080, 101,
118, 124, 126, 177, 180, 215,
223
NEW GENERA
024, 057, 098
NEW GENUS
208
NEW LECTOTYPES
133
NEW RANKS
206
NEW RECORDS
010, 017, 029, 049, 083, 090,
103, 111, 120, 139, 144, 180,
185, 189,
NEW SPECIES
001, 006, 012, 016, 017, 019,
020, 024, 025, 028, 034, 035,
037, 039, 057, 067, 069, 073,
078, 084, 089, 091, 093, 098,
101, 103, 106, 109, 112, 114,
115, 119, 123, 124, 125, 126,
128, 129, 130, 132, 133, 136,
137, 140, 141, 146, 180, 184,
191, 192, 196, 197, 201, 202,
204, 206, 208, 209, 211, 212,
213, 214, 215, 220, 221, 223,
225
NEW SUBSPECIES
106, 129, 176
NEW SYNONYMS
037, 105, 118, 124, 141, 147,
177, 185, 201, 206
NEW VARIETY
144
NEWSPAPERS
087
NIGHTINGALE-WREN
145
NINIA PSEPHOTA
168
NIONIA
166
NITZCHIA
077, 158
NOCTUIDAE
166, 208
NOCTUOIDEA
208, 211
NOMENCLATURE
057, 175
NOMOSPHECIA SOLISI
051
NONVASCULAR PLANTS
045, 073, 090
NORMANDINA
160
NOTHRIDAE
127
NOTODONTIDAE
166, 211
NOTOPHTHIRACARUS
PEDANOS
115
NOTOTHYLADACEAE
139
NUCLEAR 28S
205
NUTRIENT INPUTS
058
NUZONIA ISTHMICA
111
NYCTAGINACEAE
198
NYMPHAEACEAE
198
NYMPHALIDAE
Octubre 2011
166, 194
OAK FORESTS
063, 123, 182
OCCIA
114
OCHNACEAE
198
OCHROLECHIA
160
OCHROTRICHIINI
196
OCNEODRILUS ALOX
037
OCNERODRILIDAE
037
OCTOCHAETIDAE
037
OCYPTAMUS
166
OCYPTAMUS LUCTUOSUS
105
OCYPTAMUS WULPIANUS
105
ODONTOPIMPLA
051
ODONTOTAENIUS
188
OEDEMOPSIS
098
OGYGES
188
OIL BODY DESCRIPTION
049
OILEUS
188
OLACACEAE
198
OLEACEAE
198
OLEANDRAEAE
195
OLIGOCHAETA
037
OLYRA
027
OMMATA (ECLIPTA)
BAUHINIAE
177
OMMATA (ECLIPTA)
GIUGLARISI
177
OMMATA (ECLIPTA)
GUIANENSIS
177
OMMATA (ECLIPTA)
KAWENSIS
177
OMMATA (ECLIPTA)
LAURACEAE
177
OMMATA (ECLIPTA)
PILOSIPES
177
OMMATA (ECLIPTA)
VASCONEZI
177
OMMATA (OMMATA)
GALLARDI
177
OMMATA (RHOPALESSA)
DURANTONI
177
OMPHALINA
160
ONAGRACEAE
198
ONARION
098
OPHIOGLOSSACEAE
007, 162
OPHIOGLOSSUM
162
OPHIOGLOSSUM
CROTALOPHOROIDES
007
OPHIOGLOSSUM
ELLIPTICUM
007
OPHIOGLOSSUM
NUDICAULE
007
Octubre 2011
OPHIOGLOSSUM
PALMATUM
007
213
OREOPANAX NUBIGENUS
213
OPHIOGLOSSUM
RETICULATUM
007
OREOPANAX PARAMICOLUS
213
OPHIONELLUS
098
OREOPANAX PELTATUS
213
OPHIOPTERUS
098
ORIBATIDA
115, 127
OPHISMA
166
ORIBATULIDAE
127
OPHRYGONIUS
188
ORIBOTRITIA ALAJUELA
115
OPILIACEAE
198
ORIBOTRITIA ALLOCOTA
115
OPPIIDAE
127
ORIBOTRITIA BREVISETOSA
115
ORCHIDACEAE
084, 120, 136, 138, 163, 197
ORIBOTRITIA LASELVAE
115
ORCHIDALES
120
ORIBOTRITIA NASALIS
115
OREOBOLUS GOEPPINGERI
029, 197
ORIBOTRITIA PARTITA
115
OREOBOLUS
OBTUSANGULUS
029
ORICIA
211
OREOPANAX GEMINATUS
213
OREOPANAX
NICARAGUENSIS
ORIVERUTUS
165
OROBANCHACEAE
198
OROPOGON
160
ORTHALICIDAE
167
ORTHOCLADA
027
ORTHOGEOMYS CAVATOR
PANSA
001
ORTHOGEOMYS CHERRIEI
001
ORTHOGEOMYS HETERODUS
001
ORTHOGEOMYS HETERODUS
CARTAGOENSIS
001
ORTHOGEOMYS
UNDERWOODI
001
ORTHOPTER
166
ORTHOTRICHACEAE
161
ORYZA
027
ORYZOIDEAE
027
ORYZOLEJEUNEA
090
OSBORNELLUS AFFINIS
221
Octubre 2011
OSBORNELLUS AFFLEXUS
221
OSBORNELLUS AIELLOAE
221
OSBORNELLUS
ALBOCINCTUS
221
OSBORNELLUS ANONAE
221
OSBORNELLUS BARTLETTI
221
OSBORNELLUS BIFURCATUS
221
OSBORNELLUS BITELUM
221
OSBORNELLUS BLANTONI
221
OSBORNELLUS
CHICHIZIENSIS
221
OSBORNELLUS COMPRESSUS
221
OSBORNELLUS COOPERTUS
221
OSBORNELLUS
CORCOVADIENSIS
221
OSBORNELLUS
COSTARICENSIS
221
OSBORNELLUS CRUXATUS
221
OSBORNELLUS
DIAMANTINUS
221
OSBORNELLUS DIVARICATUS
221
OSBORNELLUS EBERHARDI
221
OSBORNELLUS EMMENI
221
OSBORNELLUS EXPOSITUS
221
OSBORNELLUS FREYTAGI
221
OSBORNELLUS FUENTESI
221
OSBORNELLUS
FULVOMACULATUS
221
OSBORNELLUS HANSONI
221
221
OSBORNELLUS LEWISI
221
OSBORNELLUS LIBRATUS
221
OSBORNELLUS LIGATUS
221
OSBORNELLUS LINEATUS
221
OSBORNELLUS LINETTEAE
221
OSBORNELLUS MAESI
221
OSBORNELLUS NIELSONI
221
OSBORNELLUS OBAMAI
221
OSBORNELLUS PALLIDUS
221
OSBORNELLUS
PSEUDOPUNICEUS
221
OSBORNELLUS
ICHNOSCAPITATUS
221
OSBORNELLUS QUIROSAE
221
OSBORNELLUS INBIO
221
OSBORNELLUS RARUS
221
OSBORNELLUS
LANCEOLATUS
221
OSBORNELLUS REVERSUS
221
OSBORNELLUS LATUS
OSBORNELLUS
SINEPROCESSUS
Octubre 2011
221
211
OSBORNELLUS SPRINGERAE
221
OXALIDACEAE
198
OSBORNELLUS THOMPSONI
221
OXYGEN
135, 152
OSBORNELLUS
TRANSVERSUS
221
OXYPELTINAE
177
OSBORNELLUS
TRIFURCATUS
221
OSBORNELLUS TRINA
221
OXYPORUS LACERA
220
OXYTORINAE
099
OXYTORUS
099
OSBORNELLUS
VILLAMILLSIENSIS
221
PACHYELLA CLYPEATA
117
OSTEOMELES
197
PACHYGLOSSA
125
OSTROPALES
180, 202
PACUARITO
001
OTIDEA ALUTACEA
117
PAEPALANTHUS
163
OTIDIA ONOTICA
117
PAEPALANTHUS KUPPERI
197, 216
OTS
008, 009, 010, 013, 022, 040,
050, 056, 068, 075, 107, 111,
150, 194
PALAECOLOGY
149
OTTOA
197
PALAEOBOTANY
008, 043, 079, 157
PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY
096, 156
OVICIA
PALAEOECOLOGY
096, 102, 154, 156
PALAEOGEOGRAPHY
096, 156
PALAEOLIMNOLOGY
102, 154
PALAEONTOLOGY
050
PALEOCLIMATE
131, 152
PALEOCLIMATE RECORDS
135, 142, 152
PALEOHISTORY
149
PALICOUREA CAERULESCENS
197
PALLAVICINACEAE
049
PALLAVICINIACEAE
090, 139, 161
PALLIFERA
167
PALYNOLOGY
096, 156
PANDANACEAE
138
PANNARIA
160
PANNARIACEAE
202
Octubre 2011
PANTERPES INSIGNIS
EISENMANNI
176
PANTHERA ONCA
022, 030
PANTHIADES
166
PAPAVERACEAE
198
160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165,
166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171,
172, 175, 179
PARMELIOPSIS
160
PARAMO ECOSYSTEM
175
PARMOTREMA
160, 179
PARAMO FIRES
003, 021, 032, 043, 148, 149,
157, 172
PARQUE INTERNACIONAL LA
AMISTAD
009, 022, 038, 051, 062, 065,
066, 076, 078, 090, 098, 099,
105, 107,
110, 111, 114, 121, 125, 126,
138, 139, 140, 175, 180, 188,
190, 194,
198, 200, 201, 203, 209, 211,
213, 217, 221, 222
PAPILLOSE CELLS
057
PARAMO VEGETATION
043, 047, 092, 148, 149, 150,
156, 157, 159, 160, 161, 162,
163, 164,
165, 168, 170, 171, 172, 179
PAPUA-NEW GUINEA
202
PARANDRINAE
177
PARACTINOLAIMUS
165
PARANIA
098
PARAEREPTONEMA
CILIATUM
118
PARANYGOLAIMUS
165
PARAMO
002, 004, 008, 021, 032, 033,
043, 047, 053, 054, 060, 068,
074, 086, 148, 149, 150, 151,
152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157,
158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163,
164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169,
170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175,
179, 195, 224
PARAMO DE LA LOMA
LARGA
175
PARAMO ECOLOGY
043, 047, 148, 149, 152, 153,
154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159,
PARAPHYSOMONAS
VESTITA
083
PARATELAUGIS POSLAI
106
PARATIBERIOIDES
188
PARAVULVUS
165
PARIANA
027
PARMELIELLA
160, 179
PARQUE NACIONAL
CHIRRIPO
001, 002, 003, 004, 005, 006,
007, 008, 009, 010, 011, 012,
013, 014, 015, 016, 017, 018,
019, 020, 021, 022, 023, 024,
025, 026, 027, 028, 029, 030,
031, 032, 033, 034, 035, 036,
037, 038, 039, 040, 041, 042,
043, 044, 045, 046, 047, 048,
049, 050, 051, 052, 053, 054,
055, 056, 057, 058, 059, 060,
061, 062, 063, 064, 065, 066,
067, 068, 069, 070, 071, 072,
073, 074, 075, 076, 077, 078,
079, 080, 081, 082, 083, 084,
085, 086, 087, 088, 089, 090,
091, 092, 093, 094, 095, 096,
097, 098, 099, 100, 101, 102,
103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108,
109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114,
115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120,
121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126,
127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132,
133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138,
139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144,
Octubre 2011
145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150,
151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156,
157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162,
163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168,
169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174,
175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180,
181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186,
187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192,
193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198,
199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204,
205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210,
211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216,
217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222,
223, 224, 225
PEATLANDS
005
PARQUE NACIONAL
TAPANTI-MACIZO CERRO DE
LA MUERTE
002, 004, 006, 008, 009, 013,
014, 027, 033, 051, 060, 065,
066, 071, 072, 073, 089, 091,
094, 095, 098, 099, 103, 107,
108, 110, 111, 114, 115, 116,
121, 138, 140, 165, 167, 171,
172, 195, 198, 209, 211, 220
PASSALIDAE
188
PASSALINAE
188
PASSALINI
188
PASSERIFORMES
145
PASSIFLORACEAE
198, 211
PEAKELESTES
098
PEDALIACEAE
198
PEDOGENESIS
153
215
PENTACALIA HORICKII
215
PENTACALIA PHANERANDRA
215
PEHUENIA
177
PENTACALIA
STREPTOTHAMNA
215
PELLIACEAE
049, 139, 161
PENTACALIA TONDUZII
215
PELOPIDES
188
PENTACALIA WILBURII
215
PELOPPIIDAE
127
PENTALOBUS
188
PELTANTHERA FLORIBUNDA
218
PEPEROMIA
163, 197
PELTIGERA
160, 179
PEPEROMIA (TILDENIA)
225
PELTIGERALES
190, 202
PEPEROMIA PARAMUNA
225
PENNISETUM
TEMPISQUENSE
006
PEPEROMIA UNIFOLIATA
225
PENTACALIA
163
PENTACALIA CALYCULATA
215
PENTACALIA CANDELARIAE
215
PENTACALIA EPIDENDRA
PEREUTE CALLINICE
219
PEREUTE CALLINIRA
219
PEREUTE CEOPS
219
PEREUTE CHAROPS
219
Octubre 2011
019, 117, 185
PERIDROMA
166
PERILISSUS
098
PERISSODACTYLS
100
PERNETTYA
197
PERNETTYA CILIARIS
023
PERNETTYA CORIACEA
002, 004, 008, 023, 164, 172
PERNETTYA PROSTRATA
164
PERTUSARIA
160
PEST INSECTS
136
PETREJOIDES
188
PEYRITSCHIA DEYEUXIOIDES
133
PEYRITSCHIA HUMILIS
133
PEYRITSCHIA KOELERIOIDES
133
PEYRITSCHIA PRINGLEI
133
PEZIZOMYCOTINA
190, 193
PH
045, 061
PHAEDROPEZIA FLAVIDA
117
PHAENOLABRORYCHUS
098
PHAEOCHLAENA
211
PHAEOGRAPHIS
160
PHALARIS
027
PHALLOGASTER
144
PHALLUS
144
PHANOPTIS
211
PHARAS
027
PHELLINUS NEONOXIUS
220
PHENAX
197
PHENOLOGY
225
PHILLIPSIA COSTARICENSIS
117
PHILLIPSIA CRISPATA
117
PHILLIPSIA DOMINGENSIS
117
PHILLIPSIA LUTEA
117
PHILLIPSIA RUGOSPORA
117
PHILOPHYLLUM
187
PHOBETES
098
PHORADENDRON
CHRYSOCLADON
219
PHAROCHILUS
188
PHORADENDRON
QUADRANGULARE
219
PHAROMACHRUS MOCINNO
036
PHORADENDRON TONDUZII
219
PHELLINUS LOPEZII
220
PHORADENDRON
UNDULATUM
219
PEZIZALES
Octubre 2011
PHORADENDRON
VELUTINUM
219
PHRAGMITES
027
PHRUDINAE
098
PHRYNOSOMATIDAE
107, 168
PHTHIRACAROIDEA
115
PHTHIRACARUS LOTUS
115
PHTHIRAPTERA
001
PHYGOPODA INGAE
177
PHYLLOBAEIS
160, 179
PHYLLOMYCIDAE
167
PHYLLOSTACHYS
027
PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS
118
PHYLOGENY
188, 193, 196, 202
PHYSALAEMUS PUSTULOSUS
201
PHYSCIA
160
PHYTOLACCACEAE
197, 198
PHYSICAL FACTORS
207
PHYTOPHAGOUS INSECTS
205
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
045, 061
PHYTOPHAGY
205
PHYSIOGRAPHIC ASPECTS
042
PHYTOPLANKTON
045, 061, 083
PHYSIOGRAPHIC FEATURES
050
PHYTOPLANKTON RICHNESS
045
PHYSIOLOGICAL
ADAPTATIONS
149
PHYTOSOCIOLOGY
038, 094, 095
PHYSONOTA GIGANTEA
111
PHYSONOTINI
111
PHYSOTARSUS
098
PHYTOCHEMISTRY
104
PHYTODIETYS
098
PHYTOGEOGRAPHY
033, 038, 047, 049, 057, 062,
069, 096, 148, 149, 150, 156,
159, 160, 162, 163, 164, 170,
179
PHYTOLACCA
COSTARICENSIS
197
PHYTOTELMATA
105, 201
PICIDAE
203
PICO PARAMO
175
PIERIDAE
166, 219
PIERINI
219
PILEA ALFAROANA
209
PILEA GAMBOANA
209
PILEA HERRERAE
209
PILEA LONGIBRACTEOLATA
209
Octubre 2011
025
PILEA MORAGANA
209
PILOCARPACEAE
069, 089, 202
PILOPHORUS
160
PIMPLA
051, 166
PIMPLINAE
051
PINACEAE
121
PINNULARIA
077, 158
PINOPHYTA
121
PIONEERING
164
PIPER ACUMINATISSIMUM
025
PIPER AEQUALE
025
PIPER BISERIATUM
025
PIPER BRACHISTOPODIUM
025
PIPER BRENESII
025
PIPER CALCARATUM
025
PIPER CHIRRIPOENSE
025
PIPER CITRIFOLIUM
025
PIPER CUBILQUITZIANUM
025
PIPER DASYPOGON
025
PIPER DIQUISANUM
025
PIPER EURYPHYLLUM
025
PIPER FALVARAMUM
025
PIPER GIBBIFOLIUM
025
PIPER GRANDILIMBUM
025
PIPER LEPTONEURON
025
PIPER LONGISTIPULUM
025
PIPER MAMBACHANUM
025
PIPER MELANOCLADUM
025
PIPER BRYOGETUM
PIPER MINUTANTHERUM
025
PIPER NANUM
025
PIPER NICOYANUM
025
PIPER NODOSUM
025
PIPER PALLIDIFOLIUM
025
PIPER PANSAMALANUM
025
PIPER PELTAPHYLLUM
025
PIPER PERHISPIDUM
025
PIPER PILIBACCUM
025
PIPER PUBINERVE
025
PIPER PULCHRUM
025
PIPER PURULHANUM
025
PIPER REPTABUNDUM
025
PIPER SEPIUM
025
PIPER SINUGAUDENS
025
Octubre 2011
147
PIPER SUBMULTIPLINERVE
025
PIPER TENUIPES
025
PIPER TRISERIALE
025
PIPER UVITANUM
025
PIPER VESTITIFOLIUM
025
PIPER VIRGULATORUM
025
PIPER ZENTANUM
025
PIPERACEAE
025, 163, 197, 225
PIPERALES
225
PISOLITHUS
144
PITCAIRNIA
197
PITHYA VULGARS
117
PLACOPSIS
160, 179
PLACYNTHIUM
160
PLAGIOCHILA MORITZIANA
147
PLAGIOCHILA TABINENSIS
104
PLAGIOCHILA
TRICHOSTOMA
147
PLAGIOCHILACEAE
049, 104, 139, 147, 161
PLAGIOCHILINE M
104
PLAGIOGYRA
162
PLAGIOGYRIACEAE
162
PLAGIOTHECIACEAE
161
PLANT ANATOMY
164
PLANT COMMUNITIES
038, 047, 062, 148, 149, 159,
160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 170,
171, 179
PLANT COMPOSITION
104
PLANT ECOLOGY
050
PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES
039, 040, 044
PLAGIOCHILA DEFLEXA
PLANT MORPHOLOGY
164
PLANT PROSPECTION
104
PLANT SUCCESSION
054, 068
PLANTS
002, 003, 004, 006, 007, 008,
010, 013, 016, 017, 021, 023,
024, 025, 026, 027, 028, 029,
034, 035, 038, 039, 040, 043,
044, 045, 046, 047, 048, 049,
050, 054, 056, 057, 058, 060,
063, 067, 068, 070, 071, 078,
079, 080, 082, 083, 084, 088,
090, 091, 093, 094, 095, 100,
101, 103, 104, 105, 113, 119,
120, 121, 123, 125, 126, 128,
133, 136, 137, 138, 139, 143,
146, 147, 148, 149, 157, 158,
159, 161, 162, 163, 164, 171,
172, 175, 182, 183, 187, 189,
194, 195, 197, 198, 209, 210,
211, 213, 215, 216, 218, 219,
222, 223, 225
PLATERODINI
184
PLATEROS
CALANTICATOIDES
184
PLATEROS DISCOLOR
184
PLATYNOCERA
177
PLATYNOTHRUS
127
Octubre 2011
027
PLECTANIA CARRANZAE
117
PLECTANIA RHYTIDIA
117
PLECTUS
165
PLECTUS (WILSONEMA)
BOLIVIANUS
118
PLECTUS (WILSONEMA)
GANGULYKHANI
118
PLEISTOCENE
097, 155
PLEOPELTIS
162
PLESTHENUS
188
PLETHODONTIDAE
107, 168
PLEURARIUS
188
PLEURODERRIS
MICHLERIANA
017
PLONAPHACARAS BACULUS
115
PLUMAGE
053
POA CHIRRIPOENSIS
006, 010
POA TALAMANCAE
006
POACEAE
002, 004, 006, 008, 010, 027,
039, 043, 068, 071, 079, 094,
095, 100, 133, 138, 157, 163,
164, 172, 211
POALES
216
POCKET GOPHER
001
PODALONIA
166
PODELEBOEA
114
PODOCARPACEAE
121
PODOGASTER
098
PODOSCYPHACEAE
220
POEMENIINAE
051
POLEMONIACEAE
197
POLICIES
217
POA
POLLEN
043, 079, 157
POLLEN ANALYSIS
003, 008, 043, 079, 157
POLLEN DEPOSITS
081
POLLINATION
194
POLYBLASTUS
098
POLYCHALMA MULTICAVA
111
POLYCHROTIDAE
107
POLYLEPIS
164
POLYPHAGA
124, 132
POLYPHERETIMA ELONGATA
037
POLYPODIACEAE
016, 162, 195
POLYPODIOPHYTA
007, 016
POLYPODIUM
048, 070, 162
POLYPODIUM
(GONIOPHLEBIUM)
RODRIGUEZIANUM
016
Octubre 2011
POLYPOETES
211
POLYPOGON
027
POLYPORACEAE
220
POLYPORALES
130, 220
PONTOSCOLEX
CORETHRURUS
037
POOIDEAE
027, 133
POPILIUS
188
POPULATION STRUCTURE
183
POLYPREMUM
PROCUMBENS
218
PORCUPINES
030
POLYSPHINCTA
051
PORE FUNGI
220
POLYSTICHUM
162
PORELLACEAE
139, 161
POLYSTICHUM FOURNIERI
123
PORINA
160
POLYSTICHUM LILIANAE
123
PORINACEAE
202
POLYSTICHUM SMITHII
123
PORPIDIA
160
POLYSTICHUM TURRIALBAE
123
POTAMOGETONACEAE
138
POLYTRICHACEAE
161
POTTIACEAE
161
PONTEDERIACEAE
138
PRECIPITATION
050, 135, 152
PONTHIEVA
197
PRECISION BIDECADAL
CALIBRATION
077, 158
PREDATION
030
PREDATORS
105
PREDATORY BEHAVIOUR
105
PREHISTORIC HUMAN
ACTIVITY
003, 008, 079, 157
PREHISTORIC HUMANN
ACTIVITY
043
PRESS
087
PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY
011
PRIMATES
003, 043, 048, 050, 079, 157
PRIMATOLAIMUS
165
PRIONCHULUS
165
PRIONINAE
177
PRIONODONTACEAE
161
PRIONOLEUJENEA
090
PRISTOMERUS
099
Octubre 2011
PROCESSED PRODUCTS
050
PROCESTUS
114
PROCULEJUS
188
PROCULINI
188
PROCULUS
188
PRODORYLAIMUS
165
PRODUCTS
050
PROTECTED AREAS
009, 014, 066, 072, 110, 116,
119, 174, 178, 181, 200
PROTECTED WILDLIFE AREAS
178
PROTECTION ZONES
108
PROTOMOCOELUS
188
PROTOPHTHIRACARUS
CLANDESTINUS
115
115
PROTOPLOPHORIDAE
127
PROTOTRITIA GLOMERATA
127
PROTOZOANS
201
PROUTIELLA
211
PSAMMISIA RAMIFLORA
023
PSAMMISIA
SYMPHYSTEMONA
023
PSEUDACANTHUS
188
PSEUDALETIA
166
PSEUDEPISPHENUS
188
PSEUDEVERNIA
160
PSEUDOARROX
188
PSEUDOCAPSICUM
194
PROTOPHTHIRACARUS
HETEROPILOSUS
115
PSEUDOCYPHELLARIA
160, 179
PROTOPHTHIRACARUS
HETEROSETOSUS
PSEUDOLEPICOLEACEAE
139, 161
PSEUDORICIA
211
PSILOLECHIA
160, 179
PTERIDACEAE
162, 195
PTERIDOPHYTA
007, 016, 017, 040, 043, 048,
067, 070, 078, 103, 123, 125,
126, 137, 148, 149, 150, 157,
162, 195
PTERONYMIA
194
PTILOBAPTUS
099
PTODEA BUFONIA
117
PTYCHANTHOIDEAE
139
PTYCHOPSIS
114
PTYCTIMA
115
PUJOLIA
177
PUMA CONCOLOR
022, 030
PUMA YAGOUAROUNDI
022
PUNCTELIA
Octubre 2011
160
161
PYRENOTRICHACEAE
202
RADDIA
027
PYRENULALES
202
RADIOCARBON DATING
050
PYRGODOMUS
MICRODINUS
129, 134
RADIOCARBON TIME SCALE
077, 158
PYRONEMA OMPHALODES
117
PYRONOPSIS
160
PYRRHOSPORA
160
QUATERNARY
131, 135, 142, 152
QUATERNARY GLACIATION
142
QUERCUS
038, 063, 182
QUERCUS COSTARICENSIS
046
QUERCUS FORESTS
038, 062, 063, 071, 094, 095,
182
QUETZAL
036
QUILLONOTA
114
RADULA
090, 139
RADULACEAE
049, 090, 139, 161
RAIN
033, 050, 151
RAMALINA
160
RANUNCULALES
164
RAPANEA
197
RASTROZETES
127
RECONNAISSANCE
032
RECORDED CALLS
ATTRACTION
201
RECOVERY AFTER CLEARING
038
REDESCRIPTIONS
104, 124
RAMALINACEAE
202
REGENERATION
002, 004, 005, 021, 054, 068,
172
RAMBOLDIA
160
REGENERATION RATE
031
RANA TAYLORI
168
REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
181
RANA VIBICARIA
168
RELATIVE HUMIDITY
151
RANCHO MONTEZUMA
177
REPORT
021, 032
RANGE EXTENSION
100
REPORTS
150
RANIDAE
107, 168
REPRODUCTION
164
RACOPILACEAE
Octubre 2011
REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY
071, 094
RESOURCE CONSERVATION
042, 065, 087, 181, 186, 217
REPTILES
012, 107, 148, 149, 168, 204
RESPLENDENT QUETZAL
036
RESEARCH SURVEY
127
RHABDITIS
165
RESERVA DE LA BIOSFERA LA
AMISTAD
014, 108, 116
RHABDOLAIMUS
165
RESERVA FORESTAL LOS
SANTOS
038, 167, 185, 190, 208, 209,
222
RESERVA FORESTAL RIO
MACHO
014, 067, 109, 140, 147, 180,
185, 213, 221
RESERVA INDIGENA DE
CHIRRIPO
014, 078
RESERVA INDIGENA DE
TAYNI
014
RESERVA INDIGENA DE
TELIRE
014
RESERVE STANDS
060, 062, 063, 171, 182
RESERVED AREAS
072
RESIDENT BIRDS
169
RHACOCARPACEAE
161
RHADINAEA GODMANI
168
RHANTUS BOHLEI
109
RHANTUS CALIDUS
109
RHANTUS CRYPTICUS
109
RHANTUS FRANZI
109
RHANTUS GUTTICOLLIS
109
RHANTUS SOUZANNAE
109
RHIZOGONIACEAE
161
RHIZOME
013
RHOPALIELLA
177
RHOPALINA
177
RHORUS
098
RHYACOPSYCHE ANDINA
196
RHYACOPSYCHE BENWA
196
RHYACOPSYCHE BULBOSA
196
RHYACOPSYCHE CHICHOTLA
196
RHYACOPSYCHE COLEI
196
RHYACOPSYCHE
COLOMBIANA
196
RHINOPHRYNIDAE
107
RHYACOPSYCHE
COLUBRINOSA
196
RHIPIDOCLADUM
027
RHYACOPSYCHE DIKROSA
196
RHIZOCARPON
160
RHYACOPSYCHE
DUPLICISPINA
Octubre 2011
196
196
196
RHYACOPSYCHE FLINTI
196
RHYACOPSYCHE TORULOSA
196
RIO TELIRE
035
RHYACOPSYCHE HAGENII
196
RHYACOPSYCHE
TURRIALBAE
196
RIO TERBI
137, 222
RHYACOPSYCHE HASTA
196
RHYACOPSYCHE INTRASPIRA
196
RHYACOPSYCHE JIMENA
196
RHYACOPSYCHE MATTHIASI
196
RHYACOPSYCHE MEXICANA
196
RHYACOPSYCHE MUTIS
196
RHYACOPSYCHE OBLIQUA
196
RHYACOPSYCHE OTAROSA
196
RHYACOPSYCHE PATULOSA
196
RHYACOPSYCHE PERUVIANA
196
RHYACOPSYCHE
RHAMPHISA
196
RHYACOPSYCHE
TANYLOBOSA
RHYACOPSYCHE YATAY
196
RHYNCHOSPORA
163
RHYNCHOSPOROIDEAE
029
RHYNCHOSTEGIOPSIS
187
RHYSOTRITIA MERISTOS
115
RHYSOTRITIA PARALLELOS
115
RHYSSINAE
051, 098
RIBOSOMAL DNA
SEQUENCES
147
RICCIACEAE
049, 139
RIMELIA
160, 179
RINODINA
160
RIO CHIRRIPO
RIODINIDAE
085
RIODININAE
085
ROCCELLACEAE
202
RODENTS
001, 030
RODRIGAMA GAMEZI
051
ROLLINIA
197
ROOTS
013
ROSACEAE
163, 164, 197
ROTADISCUS
167
ROTYLENCHUS
165
RUBIACEAE
163, 197
RUBUS
163
Octubre 2011
RUNNERS
164
RUTELINAE
106
RUTELINI
106
SABANA DE LOS LEONES
175
SABANAS DE DURIKA
109
SAGITTALA
211
SAN GERARDO DE RIVAS
204
SANTALACEAE
219
SANTALALES
219
SATURNIIDAE
166
SATYRIA VENTRICOSA
101
SAURIA
107, 204
SAXIFRAGACEAE
164, 197
SCADA
194
SCAMBUS
051, 166
SCAPANIACEAE
049, 139, 161
SCARABAEIDAE
106, 166
SCUTELLINIA
185
SCUTELLINIA BALANSAE
185
SCARABAEOIDEA
188
SCUTELLINIA
BLUMENAVIENSIS
117
SCELOPORUS
MALACHITICUS
168
SCUTELLINIA CF.
MARGARITACEA
185
SCHACHTICHRASPEDON
098
SCUTELLINIA CRINITA
185
SCHEFFLERA
063, 182
SCUTELLINIA CUBENSIS
117
SCHIZAEACEAE
195
SCUTELLINIA HEIMII
185
SCHIZOPORACEAE
220
SCUTELLINIA INEXPECTATA
185
SCINCIDAE
107
SCUTELLINIA KERGUELENSIS
185
SCLERODERMA
144
SCUTELLINIA NIGROHIRTULA
185
SCOLICIOSPORACEAE
202
SCUTELLINIA PATAGONICA
185
SCOTURA
211
SCUTELLINIA SCUTELLATA
117
SCROPHULARIACEAE
047, 159, 163, 197
SCUTELLINIA SCUTELLINIA
PENNSYLVANICA
185
SCROPHULARIALES
218
SCUTELLINIA SETOSA
185
Octubre 2011
SCUTELLINIA SETOSISSIMA
185
SCUTELLINIA UMBRORUM
185
SCUTOVERTICIDAE
127
SEASONAL VARIATION
164
SECALE
027
SECONDARY FORESTS
038, 076
SECONDARY SUCCESSION
038
SECT. POLYTRICHIA
126
SEDGE MORTALITY
031
SEDIMENT
003, 050, 052
SEEVERSIELLA ADUSTA
124
SEEVERSIELLA BRUNNEA
124
SEEVERSIELLA CURTIPENNIS
124
SEEVERSIELLA FLAVIDA
124
SEEVERSIELLA
FURCATIVENTRIS
124
SEEVERSIELLA
GEOSTIBOIDES
124
SEM
118
SEMATOPHYLLACEAE
161
SEMICYCLUS
188
SEEVERSIELLA
IMPRESSICOLLIS
124
SENECIO
163
SEEVERSIELLA LATIVENTRIS
124
SENECIO ANDICOLA
164
SEEVERSIELLA LURIDICOLLIS
124
SENECIO BOQUETENSIS
057
SEEVERSIELLA
MICRALYMMA
124
SENECIO CALYCULATUS
215
SEEVERSIELLA
MICROPHTHALMA
124
SEEVERSIELLA PARAMOANA
124
SEEVERSIELLA SCABRICOLLIS
124
SEEVERSIELLA SULCICOLLIS
124
SELAGINELLA OSAENSIS
103
SELAGINELLACEAE
103
SELASPHORUS FLAMMULA
053
SENECIO CANDELARIAE
215
SENECIO CHIRRIPOENSIS
034
SENECIO COOPERI
057
SENECIO EPIDENDRUS
215
SENECIO FIRMIPES
164
SENECIO MEGAPHYLLUS
057
SENECIO MULTIVENIUS
057
SENECIO OERSTEDIANUS
034
Octubre 2011
SENECIO PHANERANDRUS
215
SENECIO STREPTOTHAMNUS
215
SENECIO TONDUZII
215
SENECIONEAE
057, 215
SEQUENCE DATA
142, 205
SERPENTES
012, 107, 148, 149, 168
SERRULUS
188
SESQUITERPENES
104
SETICORNUTA
114
SIBTHORPIA
197
SOIL FORMATION
153
SILICA
045
SOIL MECHANICS
199
SINAC
116
SOIL ORGANIC MATTER
199
SIPHULA
160, 179
SOIL TEMPERATURE
153
SISYRHINCHIUM
163
SOIL TYPES (GENETIC)
033, 050, 153, 199
SITE FACTORS
042, 044, 186
SOIL WATER SATURATION
153
SKULL MEASUREMENTS
015
SOILS
030, 050, 148, 152, 153, 170,
199
SMILACACEAE
138
SNAKES
012
SOLANACEAE
194, 197
SOLANUM APHYODENDRON
194
SNOWLINE
RECONSTRUCTIONS
142
SOLANUM ARBOREUM
194
SOCIAL STUDIES
066
SOLANUM DIPHYLLUM
194
SOCIAL WELFARE
217
SOLANUM IMBERBE
194
SHRUB DOMINANCE
031
SOCIOECONOMIC
ENVIRONMENT
217
SOLANUM INCOMPTUM
194
SHRUBS
164
SOIL
041, 050, 063, 182, 199
SHELTERS
072
SHORT CALL
CHARACTERISTICS
122
SHORT CALLS
122
SOLANUM NUDUM
194
SOLANUM PASTILLUM
Octubre 2011
194
SOLANUM PERTENUE
194
SOLANUM RAMONENSE
194
SOLANUM ROBLENSE
194
SOLANUM ROVIROSANUM
194
SOLANUM TUERCKHEIMII
194
SOLANUM VACCINIIFLORUM
194
SOLANUM VALERIANUM
194
SOLAR RADIATION
151
SOLENOCYCLINI
188
SOLENOCYCLUS
188
SOLEOLIFERA
167
SONG
145
SOOTY ROBIN
203
SPATIOCEPHALUS
VENUSTRUS
118
166
SPECIES REGRESSION
048
SPELEOTHEMS
135, 152
SPERMATOPHYTES
002, 003, 004, 006, 008, 010,
013, 021, 023, 024, 025, 026,
027, 028, 029, 034, 035, 038,
039, 043, 046, 047, 056, 057,
058, 063, 067, 068, 071, 078,
079, 080, 082, 084, 088, 091,
093, 094, 095, 100, 101, 103,
105, 113, 120, 121, 126, 128,
133, 136, 138, 143, 146, 148,
149, 157, 159, 163, 164, 172,
175, 182, 183, 194, 197, 198,
209, 210, 211, 213, 215, 216,
218, 219, 222, 223, 225
SPHELODON
114
SPHENOPHOLIS INTERRUPTA
133
SPHENOPHOLIS OBTUSATA
133
SPHINCTUS
098
SPHINGIDAE
166
SPHYROSPERMUM
CORDIFOLIUM
023
SPHAEROBOLUS
144
SPHYROSPERMUM
STANDLEYI
023
SPHAEROCERIDAE
166
SPICIFEROUS RECEPTACLE
057
SPHAEROCHTHONIDAE
127
SPILOMYIA
166
SPHAEROCHTHONIUS
127
SPILOPHORINI
111
SPHAEROPHORIA
205
SPILOSOMINA
208
SPHAEROPHORUS
160
SPILOSOMINI
208
SPHAGNACEAE
161
SPINIFEROMONAS
TRIORALIS
083
SPHECIDAE
Octubre 2011
SPIRAXIDAE
167
SPLACHINACEAE
161
SPODOPTERA
166
SPONDYLIDINAE
177
SPOROBOLUS
DISTICHIVAGINATUS
039
SPOROPODIUM
160
SPURIUS
188
SQUAMATA
107, 168, 204
STABLE CARBON ISOTOPES
224
217
219
STATUS
022
STERNORRHYNCHA
136
STAUROTHELE
160
STEROCAULON
160, 179
STEGANACARIDAE
127
STETHONCUS
114
STELLARIA
163
STEVIA WESTONII
035
STENANONA
COSTARICENSIS
197
STICHERUS
162
STENODICTYON
187
STENORHOPALUS
177
STENORRHIPIS
090
STABLE ISOTOPE VALUES
135, 152
STENUS (HEMISTENUS)
LEMPIRANUS
206
STAHELIOMYCES
144
STENUS (HYPOSTENUS
206
STALAGMITES
135, 152
STENUS SCHUELKEIANUS
206
STAPHYLINIDAE
124, 206
STEPHANIELLA
090
STAPHYLINOIDEA
124
STEPHANOCEPHALUS
188
STATISTICAL METHODS
STERCULIACEAE
STICTA
160, 179
STILOMMATOPHORA
167
STIPA
027
STOLAINI
111
STOLAS PUNICEA
111
STRATEGIC PLANNING
186
STRATIGRAPHIC GEOLOGY
131, 135, 152
STRATIGRAPHIC SOIL TYPES
050
STRATIGRAPHY
003, 043, 079, 081, 142, 157
Octubre 2011
STREPTOCHAETA
027
STREPTOGYNA
027
STREPTOSTYLA
167
STRIGIDAE
203
STRIGULA
160
SWALLENOCHLOA
SUBTESSELLATA
002, 004, 008, 172
SYMPHIOGYNA
090
SYMPLOCACEAE
128
SYMPLOCOS RETUSA
128
STRIGULACEAE
202
SYMPLOCOS
TRIBRACTEOLATA
128
STRUTHANTHUS
219
SYNECOLOGY
005, 040, 044
STYLE
057
SYNONYMS
049, 069, 080, 082, 104
SUBALPINE FORESTS
096, 156
SYNOSIS
114
SUCCESSIONAL GRADIENT
038
SYNURA ECHINULATA
083
SUPERPARAMO
086
SYNUROPHYCEAE
083
SURETKA DE TALAMANCA
211
SYRPHIDAE
105, 166, 205
SURVEYS
217
SYRPHIDEPULO
098, 166
SUSSABA
098
SYRPHINAE
205
SWALLENOCHLOA
027
SYRPHOCTONUS
098
SYRPHOIDEA
205
SYSTEMATICS
085
SYZEUCTUS
114
TACHINIDAE
166, 219
TADPOLES
107
TALAMANCALIA
163
TALAMANCALIA
BOQUETENSIS
057
TALAMANCALIA WESTONII
057
TANYCHELA
099
TAPELLARIA
160
TAPIRIDAE
100
TAPIRUS BAIRDII
100
TARDIGRADA
148, 149, 214
TARGIONIACEAE
139
Octubre 2011
TARQUINIUS
188
TEMPERATURE
033, 151
THECOPHYLLUM KUPPERI
197
TAXILEJEUNEA
090
TEMPERATURE DECREASE
096, 156
THELENELLACEAE
202
TAXONOMY
001, 006, 007, 010, 012, 013,
016, 017, 018, 019, 020, 023,
024, 025, 027, 028, 029, 034,
035, 037, 039, 051, 056, 057,
067, 069, 073, 078, 080, 084,
085, 089, 091, 093, 098, 099,
101, 103, 104, 106, 107, 109,
112, 114, 115, 117, 118, 119,
121, 123, 124, 125, 126, 128,
129, 130, 132, 133, 134, 136,
137, 138, 140, 141, 143, 144,
146, 147, 175, 176, 177, 180,
184, 185, 187, 188, 190, 191,
192, 193, 194, 196, 197, 198,
201, 202, 204, 206, 208, 209,
210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215,
216, 218, 220, 221, 222, 223,
225
TEMPERATURE
FLUCTUATIONS
046
THELOTREMA
179
TEMPERATURES
096, 156
TEPHROMELA
160
TERATOCEPHALUS
165
TERATOLOBUS
165
TERPSICHORE
ESQUIVELIANA
103
TEACHING MATERIALS
066
TERRESTRIAL
225
TECTARIA INCISA
017
TESTUDINATA
107
TEGORIBATIDAE
127
TEXTBOOKS
064
TELIPOGON
163
THAMNIOPSIS
187
TELOSCHISTES
179
THAMNOBRYACEAE
161
TEMELUCHA
099
THAMNOLIA
160, 179
THELOTREMATACEAE
202
THELYPTERIDACEAE
016, 162, 195
THELYPTERIS
048, 070, 162
THELYPTERIS VILLANA
016
THEMISTOCLESIA
COSTARICENSIS
023
THEMISTOCLESIA
PENTANDRA
023
THEMISTOCLESIA
SMITHIANA
023
THERMOHALINE
CIRCULATION
152
THIBAUDIA COSTARICENSIS
023
THONUS
165
THRAUPIDAE
Octubre 2011
053
THREATENED SPECIES
022
THREATS
174
THUIDIACEAE
161
THYMARIS
098
THYSANANTHUS
090
THYSANIA
166
THYSANOPHORA
167
THYSANOPHORIDAE
167
TIBERIOIDES
188
TICAPIMPLA
051
TICOLICHEN PROJECT
130, 180, 190, 202
TIPPMANNIA
177
TITHRAUSTES
211
TOPOBEA
197
TOXOMERUS
166
TOXOMERUS POLITUS
205
TRACHEA
166
TRACHYDERINA
177
TRADE WINDS
046
TRAILS
032
TRANSPIRATION
164
TRAPELIOPSIS
160
TRATHALA
099
TREELINES
048, 070
TREES
088
TRHYPOCHTHONIIDAE
127
TRICHESTRA
166
TRICHISTOMA
165
TRICHOCOLEACEAE
139, 161
TRICHOCOMA PARADOXA
185
TRICHODECTIDAE
001
TRICHOMANES
(DIDYMOGLOSSUM)
GOURLIANUM
017
TRICHOMANES
(DIDYMOGLOSSUM)
PETERSII
017
TRICHOMANES MICAYENSE
103
TRICHOMATACEAE
185
TRICHOMMA
098
TRICHOPHORA
219
TRICHOPLON
177
TRICHOPTERA
166, 196
TRICHORIBATES
127
TRICHOSTIGMUS
188
TRICHOTHELIACEAE
073
Octubre 2011
TRICHOTHELIUM
160
TRICHOTHELIUM
ECHINOCARPUM
073
TRISETUM DURANGENSE
133
TROMATOBIA
051
TRISETUM FILIFOLIM VAR.
ARISTATUM
133
TROPHIC STRUCTURE
074, 173
TRICHOTHELIUM
PALLIDESETUM
073
TRISETUM GRACILE
133
TRICHOTHELIUM POELTII
073
TRISETUM IRAZUENSE
133
TRICHOTHELIUM SIPMAII
073
TRISETUM LIGULATUM
133
TRICIRRONEMA
TENTACULATUM
119
TRISETUM MARTHAGONZALEZIAE
133
TRICLISTUS
114
TRISETUM PRINGLEI
133
TRIECES
114
TRISETUM SPELLENBERGII
133
TRIGONODIUM
197
TRISETUM TOUNDUZII
133
TRINIOCHLOA
027
TRIURIDACEAE
138
TRIPHYLLEION CHIRRIPOI
197
TROCHILIDAE
176
TRIPODANTHUS
219
TROGLODYTIDAE
145
TRIPYLA
165
TROGONIDAE
036
TRISETUM
027
TROGONIFORMES
036
TROPICAL CLOUD FORESTS
036
TROPICAL DEFORESTATION
108
TROPICAL FORESTS
050, 108
TROPICAL GLACIERS
142
TROPICAL LAKES
011, 045, 061
TROPICAL LIMNOLOGY
045, 061
TROPICAL PLANKTON
045, 061
TROPICAL RAIN FORESTS
050
TRUALAIMUS CULEATUS
119
TRYPANOSOMA
201
TRYPHONINAE
098
TSURITKUB DE TALAMANCA
025
TUBER
Octubre 2011
225
TULOSTOMA
144
TURDIDAE
203
TURDUS GRAYI
203
TURDUS NIGRESCENS
053, 203
TUSSOCK GRASS
031
TWINSPAN
063, 182
TYLENCHOLAIMELLUS
165
TYLENCHUS
165
TYPHACEAE
138
TYPHLOPIDAE
107
TYPIC DYSTRANDEPT
199
TYPIC HYDRANDEPT
199
TYROMYCES
CINNAMOMEUS
220
TYROMYCES DUPLEX
220
101
TYROMYCES INCARNATUS
220
TYROMYCES NAVARRII
220
UMANELLA
051
UMBILICARIA
160
UNCINIA HAMATA
028
VACCINIUM
163
VACCINIUM
CONSANGUINEUM
002, 004, 008, 023, 164, 172
VACCINIUM FLORIBUNDUM
164
VACCINIUM IRAZUENSE
023
UNCINIA KOYAMAI
028
VACCINIUM
MONTEVERDENSE
101
UNCINIA TENUIS
028
VACCINIUM OROSIENSE
023
UNDULIFER
188
VACCINIUM POASANUM
023
URAGUS
177
VACCINIUM SMITHIANUM
023
URORCITES
177
VACCINIUM
TALAMANCENSE
101
UROTHECA MYERSI
012
URTICACEAE
197, 209
USES
193, 218
USNEA
160, 179
VACCINIEAE
VACCINIUM VALERII
023
VALLE DE LAS MORRENAS
032, 097, 141, 155, 157, 175
VALLE DE LOS CONEJOS
017, 018, 130, 175
VALLE DE LOS LEONES
175
Octubre 2011
VANESSA
166
VASCELLUM
144
001, 003, 010, 012, 015, 021,
022, 030, 036, 043, 048, 050,
053, 075, 079, 100, 107, 122,
145, 148, 149, 157, 168, 169,
176, 201, 203, 204, 207, 212
VEGETATION
003, 005, 008, 021, 032, 043,
044, 047, 050, 054, 055, 079,
081, 086, 092, 096, 116, 157,
159, 164, 175, 186
VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION
207
VEGETATION
CHARACTERISTICS
175
VETURIUS SOLISI
188
VEGETATION HISTORY
156
VEGETATION RECOVERY
054, 068
VEGETATION ZONATION
047, 063, 086, 159, 182
VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION
164
VENOMS
105
VERPA CONICA
117
VERRES
188
VERRUCARIACEAE
202
VERRUCARIALES
202
VERTEBRATES
VETELLINUS
188
VETURIUS TALAMACAENSIS
188
VEZDAEACEAE
202
VIANAURAGUS
177
VICARIANCE
188
VIDEO CASSETTE VHS
066
VINDEX
188
VIOLACEAE
211
VIPERIDAE
107, 168
VISCACEAE
219
VISITATION
174
VITACEAE
146
VITTARIACEAE
195
VOCALIZATION
145
VOICE
036, 145
VOLCANIC ASH
153
VRIESEA
197
VULPIA
027
WAHLAMIA
114
WAINIOCORA
160
WAINIOCORA CIFERRI
018
WATERSHEDS
116
WEATHER
164
WEATHER HAZARDS
050
WEIGHT
053
WEINMANNIA
Octubre 2011
197
118
WEINMANNIA ANISOPHYLLA
222
WESTONIELLA
CHIRRIPOENSIS
024
WEINMANNIA BALBISIANA
222
WESTONIELLA ERIOCEPHALA
024
WEINMANNIA
BURSERIFOLIA
222
WESTONIELLA KOHKEMPERI
024
WEINMANNIA FAGAROIDES
222
WEINMANNIA HORRIDA
222
WEINMANNIA INTERMEDIA
222
WESTONIELLA
TRIUNGUIFOLIA
024
WETLANDS
045, 061, 064, 065, 066, 069,
072, 075, 108, 116
WILDLIFE
116, 186
WEINMANNIA
KARSTENIANA
222
WILDLIFE REFUGES
116
WEINMANNIA PINNATA
222
WILSEREPTUS INDICUS
118
WEINMANNIA
VULCANICOLA
222
WILSONEMA
165
WEINMANNIA WERCKLEI
222
WESTINDICUS
165
WESTONIELLA
163
WESTONIELLA
BARQUEROANA
024
WILSONEMA AGRARUM
118
WILSONEMA ANDERSONI
118
WILSONEMA CHELIFERUM
118
WILSONEMA FAUSTI
118
WILSONEMA OTOPHORUM
WILSONEMA PROMISSUM
118
WILSONEMA
SCHUURRNANSSTEKHOVENI
118
WILSONEMATINAE
118
WIND
164
WINNEA GIGANTEA
117
WODSIACEAE
162
WOESSIA
160
WOLDSTEDTIUS
098
WOOD
050
WOODSIACEAE
195
WOODWARDIA RADICANS
017
WOODY PLANTS
038, 047, 159
WYNNEA AMERICANA
117
XANTHODIRPHIA
166
Octubre 2011
027
XANTHOPARMELIA
160
XANTHOPIMPLA
051
XANTHORIA
160, 179
XANTUSIIDAE
107
XENORMA
211
XIOMARA
098
XIPHOSOMELLA
099
XORIDES
098
XORIDINAE
098
XWEIUA
188
XYLOPASSALOIDES
188
XYRIDACEAE
138
YOUNGER DRYAS
096, 097, 155, 156
YUMATAAX
188
ZAGLYPTOMORPHA
114
ZAGLYPTUS
051
ZAGRYPHUS
098
ZAMIACEAE
121
ZATYPOTA
051
ZETALAIMUS
165
ZEUGITES
027
ZINGIBERACEAE
138, 197
ZONATION
062
ZONOPIMPLA
051
ZONOTRICHIA CAPENSIS
053
ZOOGEOGRAPHY
111, 115, 201, 206
ZOOPLANKTON
045, 061
ZURQUILLA HANSONI
098
YUSHANIA
Octubre 2011
LISTADO DE PUBLICACIONES
Publicación No.: 001 The Geomydoecus (Mallophaga: Trichodectidae) from the Central American
pocket gophers of the subgenus Macrogeomys (Rodentia: Geomyidae) [Los Geomydoecus
(Mallophaga: Trichodectidae) de las taltuzas centroamericanas del subgénero Macrogeomys (Rodentia:
Geomyidae)] / Price, Roger D.; Hellenthal, R.A.; Hafner, M.S. (4202 Stanard Circle, Fort Smith, AR 729031906, US <E-mail: [email protected]> <E-mail: [email protected]>).
In: Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington (ISSN 0013-8797), v. 87, no. 2, p. 432-443.
1985.
Link: http://www.ots.ac.cr/rdmcnfs/datasets/biblioteca/pdfs/nbina-5104.pdf
Of the 6 species and subspecies of Geomydoecus collected from pocket gophers (Orthogeomys spp.) in
Panama and Costa Rica, which are described, with keys to the adult males and females, G. davidhafneri
sp. n. is described as new by the first 2 authors from the adult (on O. cherriei, O. underwoodi and O.
heterodus) in Costa Rica.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-5104.
Publicación No.: 002 Postfire vegetation development in the Costa Rican páramos [Desarrollo de
vegetación postquema en los páramos costarricenses] / Horn, Sally P. (The University of Tennessee.
Department of Geography, 304 Burchfiel Geography Building, Knoxville, TN 37996-09251420, US <Email: [email protected]>).
In: Madroño (ISSN 0024-9637), v. 36, no. 2, p. 93-114. 1989.
Postfire vegetation development was studied at four recent burn sites within the grass- and shrubdominated páramos of the Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica. The bamboo Swallenochloa
subtessellata and the ericaceous shrubs Vaccinium consanguineum and Pernettya coriacea resprout
vigorously after fire, but the shrub Hypericum irazuense suffers high mortality and reestablishes by
seed. Herbs and shrubs are slow to colonize openings created by fire, and bare patches of ground persist
for a decade or more following burning. Regenerating bamboo clumps regain prefire heights of 1-2 m
within ten years, but associated shrubs require more than a decade to regain comparable preburn
statures.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S614; NBINA-9655.
Publicación No.: 003 Prehistoric fires in the Chirripó highlands of Costa Rica: Sedimentary charcoal
evidence [Incendios prehistóricos en las tierras altas del Chirripó de Costa Rica: Evidencia de los
sedimentos de carbón] / Horn, Sally P. (The University of Tennessee. Department of Geography, 304
Burchfiel Geography Building, Knoxville, TN 37996-09251420, US <E-mail: [email protected]>).
In: Revista de Biología Tropical (ISSN 0034-7744), v. 37, no. 2, p. 139-148. 1989.
To determine the long-term history of fire in the Chirripó highlands of Costa Rica, the charcoal content
of a 110 cm sediment core from a glacial lake was analyzed. The core was raised from Lago Chirripó, the
largest of the approximately thirty glacial lakes in the Chirripó massif. The basal sediments from the core
yielded a radiocarbon date of 4110 yr. B.P. The charcoal record indicates that the watershed of the lake
has burned repeatedly during the past four thousand years due to human activity, lightning, or both.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S670.
Octubre 2011
Publicación No.: 004 Desarrollo de vegetación postquema en los páramos costarricenses [Postfire
vegetation development in the Costa Rican páramos] / Horn, Sally P. (The University of Tennessee.
In: Geoistmo (ISSN 1016-8176), v. 3, no. 2, p. 43-60. 1989.
Postfire vegetation development was studied at four recent burn sities within the grass- and shrubdominated páramos of the Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica. The bamboo Swallenochloa
subtessellatta and the ericaceous shrubs Vaccinium consanguineun and Pernettya coriacea resprout
vigorously after fire, but the shrub Hypericum irazuense suffers high mortality and reestablishes by
seed. Herbs and shrubs are slow to colonize openings created by fire, and bare patches of ground persist
for a decade or more following burning. Regenerating bamboo clumps regain prefire heights of 1-2 m
within ten years, but associated shrubs require more than a decade to regain comparable preburn
statures.
Publicación No.: 005 Effect of burning on a montane mire in the Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica
[Efecto de la quema en un zuampo montano en la Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica] / Horn, Sally P.
(The University of Tennessee. Department of Geography, 304 Burchfiel Geography Building, Knoxville,
TN 37996-09251420, US <E-mail: [email protected]>).
In: Brenesia (ISSN 0304-3711), no. 30, p. 81-92. 1988.
Postfire vegetation was studied 1 yr after burning, in April-May 1985. The dominant cycad-like
arborescent fern, Blechnum buchtienii, and the most common shrubs (Vaccinium consanguineum,
Pernettia coriacea and Hesperomeles heterophylla) showed high survival rates. Some 85% of the burned
B. buchtienii produced new fronds from stem apices, and 60% of the burned shrubs resprouted from
their bases. One year after burning shrub cover had reached 36% and herb cover 26.5%. This is a slow
rate in comparison with succession in the lowland tropics, but growth and colonization rates were
similar to those measured on clearings within the montane rain forest in Costa Rica and elfin woodland
in Puerto Rico. The regeneration was more rapid than in a burn site of the same age within the
floristically similar páramo shrublands at higher altitudes in the Cordillera de Talamanca.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: B; S615.
Publicación No.: 006 New species of Digitaria, Pennisetum, and Poa (Gramineae) from Costa Rica
[Nuevas especies de Digitaria, Pennisetum y Poa (Gramineae) de Costa Rica] / Pohl, Richard W. (Iowa
State University. Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Ames, IA 50011, US).
In: Fieldiana. Botany (ISSN 0015-0746), v. 38, no. 2, p. 5-13. 1976.
Descriptions of four endemic grasses from Costa Rica, Digitaria costaricensis, Pennisetum tempisquense,
Poa talamancae, and Poa chirripoensis, are given. Chromosome number of D. costaricensis is n = 27 and
that of P. tempisquense n = 36. Fractions stated after shapes of structures indicate length/width
proportions.
Publicación No.: 007 Contribuciones a la pteridología costarricense. IX. El género Ophioglossum en
Costa Rica [Contributions to the pteridology of Costa Rica. IX. The genus Ophioglossum in Costa Rica] /
Octubre 2011
Gómez-Pignataro, Luis Diego. (Academia Nacional de Ciencias y Organización para Estudios Tropicales,
Apdo. 676-2050, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, CR <E-mail: [email protected]>).
Six species of Ophioglossum are known from Costa Rica: O. crotalophoroides, O. ellipticum, O.
nudicaule, O. petiolatum, O. reticulatum and O. palmatum. Some morphological considerations o the
last two species are presented.
Publicación No.: 008 Fire and páramo vegetation in the Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica [Incendios
y vegetación de páramo en la Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica] / Horn, Sally P. (The University of
Tennessee. Department of Geography, 304 Burchfiel Geography Building, Knoxville, TN 3799609251420, US <E-mail: [email protected]>). Berkeley, CA: University of California, 1986. 146 p.
Dissertation, Ph.D, University of California, Berkeley, CA (USA).
The objective of this study was to obtain information on the history and ecological consequences of fire
on the upper slopes of the Cordillera de Talamanca, a rugged plutonic mountain range in southern Costa
Rica. Field work was carried out in two areas: in the Buenavista massif, which is traversed by the InterAmerican highway, and in the higher and more isolated Chirripó massif. The highest peaks of both
massifs extend above timberline and support páramo vegetation consisting of a mixture of bamboo,
evergreen shrubs, and perennial herbs. Historical and field evidence was and to reconstruct the recent
fire history of the study areas. Numerous human-set fires have occurred in both areas during the last
fifty years. Fire recurrence intervals at specific sites have ranged from six to about thirty years. The
largest fires have occurred in the Chirripó highlands during exceptionally dry years, and have burned
thousands of hectares before they were extinguished by rain or lack of fuel. Recent fires in the
Buenavista highlands have tended to be smaller, partly because of the firebreaks imposed by roads and
power lanes. Studies of postfire vegetation dynamics were conducted at four burn sites. Herb
colonization proceeds slowly, and bare patches of ground persist for more than a decade following fire.
Tussock grasses and sedges dominate the herbaceous cover in recently burned areas. Woody species
show varying responses to fire. The bamboo Swallenochloa subtessellata and the ericaceous shrubs
Vaccinium consanguineum and Pernettya coriacea characteristically resprout following burning,
whereas the shrub Hypericum irazuense suffers high mortality and reestablishes by seed. Growth rates
are slow, and more than a decade may be required for regenerating plants to regain their prefire adult
statures of one to two meters. To determine the LO IT R TERM importance of fire in the Talamancan
páramos, the charcoal content of a 110 cm sediment core was analyzed. The core, which was raised
from a glacial lake in the Chirripó highlands, has a basal date of 4100 BP. The charcoal record indicates
that the highlands have burned repeatedly during the past several thousand years due to human
activity, lightning, or both.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: Tesis 22.
Publicación No.: 009 Wildlands conservation in Central America [Conservación de áreas silvestres en
Centroamérica] / Hartshorn, Gary S. (Duke University, Box 90630, Durham, NC 27708-0630, US <E-mail:
[email protected]>).
In: Tropical rain forest: ecology and management. Sutton, S.L.; Whitmore, T.C.; Chadwick, A.C. (eds.)
Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publ., 1983. p. 423-444. (British Ecological Society Special Publ. Series; v. 2).
Octubre 2011
1. Conservation efforts in Belize have been oriented towards tiny wildlife sanctuaries for bird-watching
on the mainland and protecting seabird rookeries on small mangrove islands. Half-Moon Caye National
Monument protects one of the few true coral atolls in the Western Caribbean. Although representative
forest ecosystems are not protected, the low population pressure and the emphasis on pine exploitation
do not yet pose serious threats to the broad-leaved forests. 2. In 12 years, Costa Rica has developed a
model system of twenty-two functional national parks and equivalent reserves. Though close to its goal
of protecting 10% of the country, the Costa Rican National Park Service is having difficulty consolidating
the national parks system due to numerous private land-holdings (23% of the parks area)- and the 1;
very serious national economic problems. Costa Rica's part of the Friendship International Park (La
Amistad) has recently been declared a biosphere reserve by UNESCO. 3. El Salvador's few conservation
units have been seriously degraded by population pressures and the current civil war. Montecristo
National Park contains the only significant forest remaining in the country, but the park suffered from
uncontrolled logging and slashes and burn agriculture long before this civil war. 4. Guatemala has
established sixteen national parks since 1955, but only four meet the recommended international
criteria. The Tikal World Heritage Site is the most significant conservation unit in Guatemala; most of the
other conservation units are non-functional 'paper parks'(e.g. Rio Dulce) or too small to effectively
protect critical habitats or populations (e.g. Quetzal biotope). Terrorism and civil warfare have greatly
reduced the government presence in conservation units. Guatemala's conservation efforts continue to
suffer from the assassination of Mario Dary, the country's leading conservationist. 5. In the past -few
years Honduras has made impressive progress in conservation, highlighted by establishment of the Rio
Plátano Biosphere Reserve. Rio Plátano is the most significant conservation unit in northern Central
America, particularly because of its pristine nature and large size. 6. After the 1979 revolution,
Nicaragua's new government created a National Park Service (SPN) to administer the two existing
national parks. SPN is actively evaluating thirty-five wildlands for conservation potential and designation
as conservation units. 7. Panama's national parks and equivalent reserves cover nearly 12% of the
country; however, most of the conservation units are merely 'paper parks'. The remote Darién World
Heritage Site remains intact because of its inaccessibility, but construction of the Pan-American Highway
to the Colombian border would seriously threaten the integrity of an area that might be the most
biologically rich in the world.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S884. Biblioteca Conmemorativa Orton: AS 50028.
Publicación No.: 010 Additions and notes on the grass flora of Costa Rica [Adición y apuntes sobre la
flora de zacates de Costa Rica] / Pohl, Richard W. (Iowa State University. Department of Botany and
Plant Pathology, Ames, IA 50011, US).
In: Brenesia (ISSN 0304-3711), no. 19-20, p. 617-618. 1982.
(No abstract).
Publicación No.: 011 Morphometric and basic limnological data of Laguna Grande de Chirripó, Costa
Rica [Datos morfométricos y limnológicos básicos de la Laguna Grande de Chirripó, Costa Rica] / Göcke,
Klaus.; Lahmann-Zeledón, Enrique J.; Rojas, G.; Romero, J. (Institut für Meereskunde, D-24105 Kiel, DE
<E-mail: [email protected]>).
Octubre 2011
Morphometric data together with some selected physical, chemical and biological features of the
Laguna Grande de Chirripó, a small high mountain lake of glacial origin located in the Cordillera de
Talamanca of Costa Rica, are discussed. The lake has a water temperature oscillating around 10 C, a very
low concentration of dissolved solids and a gross primary productivity of 0.15 g C m-²d-¹. The maximum
productivity value recorded was found at a depth of 5 m, Levels above this are probably subjected to
strong light inhibition.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: Contribuciones Científicas CIMAR Vol. I.
Publicación No.: 012 A new species of colubrid snake (Genus Urotheca) from the Cordillera de
Talamanca of Costa Rica [Una especie nueva de serpiente colúbrida (Género Urotheca) de la Cordillera
de Talamanca de Costa Rica] / Savage, Jay M.; Lahanas, P.N. (Rana Dorada Enterprises, S.A., PMB 304,
3401 Adams Avenue, Suite A, San Diego, CA 92116-2490, US <E-mail: [email protected]>).
In: Copeia (ISSN 0045-8511), v. 1989, no. 4, p. 892-896. 1989.
A new species of colubrid snake, Urotheca myersi, is described from lower montane forest habitats of
the Cordillera de Talamanca in Costa Rica. The new form is distinguished from closely related congeners
by a combination of characters including light head cap, lightly pigmented supralabials, a narrow, black
nuchal collar, lack of dorsal stripes and ocelli, and immaculate canary yellow venter. Urotheca myersi is
further distinguished by its altitudinal restriction to above 2000 m.
Publicación No.: 013 Morphology and taxonomy of the New World species of Maianthemum
(Liliaceae) [Morfología y taxonomía de las especies de Maianthemum (Liliaceae) del Nuevo Mundo] /
LaFrankie, J.V., Jr. (National Institute of Education. Center for Tropical Forest Science, Smithsonian
Tropical Research Institute, Arnold Arboretum Asia Program, 1 Nanyang Walk SG <E-mail:
In: Journal of the Arnold Arboretum (ISSN 0004-2625), v. 67, no. 4, p. 371-439. 1986.
This paper presents a morphological study, including a revised taxonomy, of the fifteen New World
species of Maianthemum Wigg. and is preliminary to a world-wide taxonomic revision and phylogenetic
analysis of the genus. The species of Maianthemum can be divided into three geographically defined
groups: North American, distributed from the arctic to just beyond the Rio Grande; Central American,
growing from the state of Mexico to western Panama; and Eurasian, most of which are found in eastern
Asia. Most species of Maianthemum are restricted to one of the three regions, and the centers of
taxonomic diversity for the genus are in eastern and western Canada, Guatemala, and southern China.
However, the present study is focused not so much on geography as it is on vegetative morphology,
which is very diverse among the many species. A novel aspect is the emphasis placed on the individual
shoot as the basic unit of form and growth. The first portion of the shoot, the rhizome, is given special
attention, which is significant in two respects. Taxonomically, the rhizome exhibits numerous features
that distinguish species decisively, often even when features of the leaves and flowers are ambiguous.
Also, the rhizome is ecologically important because it is the perennial portion of the plant, an organ of
nutrient and water storage, and the source of renewal buds that extend the life of the individual.
Maianthemum is clearly separated from allied genera in the tribe Polygonatae in having the
combination of a simple aerial stem, a morphologically distinctive terminal inflorescence, spotting on
immature berries, and a haploid chromosome number of 18. This paper does address several taxonomic
issues concerning the species of Maianthemum in Central America. The monographic treatment of the
Octubre 2011
genus by Baker (1875), under the name Tovaria Baker, is now much outdated, as is the revision of that
work by Hemsley (1879-1888). The most recent taxonomic revision was by Emons (1945). Although his
study was limited to herbarium material, he made good use of the collections of Standley and
Steyermark from Guatemala, and his species descriptions -with the exception of the overly inclusive
Smilacina paniculata-are generally sound. However, recent and extensive collections from Veracruz,
Chiapas, Costa Rica, and Panama have provided numerous specimens that illustrate the difficulty of
distinguishing among Maianthemum scilloideum, M. flexuosum, and M. amoenuin. This paper clarifies
the distinctions and also presents an analysis of the diverse plants with paniculate inflorescences.
Publicación No.: 014 Proyecto de desarrollo integrado Reserva de la Biosfera La Amistad (Talamanca):
Plan de trabajo 1989-1990 / Costa Rica. Ministerio de Recursos Naturales, Energía y Minas. Comisión
Coordinadora Proyecto La Amistad, San José, CR. San José: MIRENEM, 1989. 90 p.
Este documento es producto del II Taller de Planificación Integrada para el Desarrollo de la Reserva de la
Biosfera La Amistad, realizado con la participación de funcionarios de las diferentes instituciones que
ejecutan trabajos de campo en las distintas áreas bajo la cobertura del Proyecto. Se contó también con
el apoyo técnico de Conservación Internacional y del personal técnico asignado por las organizaciones.
Este documento constituye el primer "Plan de Trabajo" para el período 89-90; producto del proceso de
planificación y coordinación, que consolida los esfuerzos a nivel inter-institucional e interdisciplinario
para la gestión de la Reserva de la Biosfera La Amistad. En este plan, se identifican las actividades
factibles de realizar durante 1989-1990, según los recursos técnicos y financieros del proyecto, así como
las actividades que requieren ser ejecutadas para este período, pero no cuentan a la fecha, con apoyo
financiero. Asimismo se establecen los mecanismos de control, ejecución y seguimiento necesarios para
garantizar la implementación del Plan, no sólo para el campo sino también a nivel de coordinación
central; se clasifican además los niveles de participación de las organizaciones gubernamentales, no
gubernamentales y la Secretaría Técnica del Proyecto. Las actividades a ejecutar, según los
componentes identificados, estan programadas para realizarse durante un período de dos años, a través
de los cuales, las instituciones involucradas, junto con la Secretaría Técnica, continuarán con este
proceso de coordinación e integración, en procura de un mayor beneficio tanto para las instituciones
como para las comunidades que están ubicadas dentro de la Reserva de la Biosfera La Amistad.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: AD 565.
Publicación No.: 015 Notes on the little spotted cat, Felis tigrina oncilla Thomas in Costa Rica [Apuntes
sobre el tigrillo, Felis tigrina oncilla Thomas en Costa Rica] / Gardner, Alfred L. (National Museum of
Natural History. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, MRC-111, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, D.C.
20013-7012, US).
In: Journal of Mammalogy (ISSN 0022-2372), v. 52, no. 2, p. 464-465. 1971.
(No abstract).
Publicación No.: 016 Contribuciones a la pteridología costarricense. I. Nuevas especies / GómezPignataro, Luis Diego. (Academia Nacional de Ciencias y Organización para Estudios Tropicales, Apdo.
676-2050, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, CR <E-mail: [email protected]>).
Octubre 2011
Four new species of vascular cryptogams from Costa Rica are described, three ferns Hymenophyllum
(Sphaerocionium) saenzianum, Thelypteris villana, Polypodium (Goniophlebium) rodriguezianum, and
one quillwort: Isöetes triyoniana. The affinities of the new species are discussed.
Publicación No.: 017 Contribuciones a la pteridología costarricense. II. Plantae novae vel minus
cognitae [Contributions to the Costa Rican pteridology. II. New but little known plants] / GómezPignataro, Luis Diego. (Academia Nacional de Ciencias y Organización para Estudios Tropicales, Apdo.
Four new species of Elaphoglossum Schott ex J. Sm., are described from Costa Rica: E. eludens, E.
leporinum, E. fournieranum and E. valerianum. The genus is richly represented in the country. Four new
extensions of geographical ranges are reported: Bommeria pedata Fourn., Trichomanes
(Didymoglossum) petersii Gray, Trichomanes (Didymoglossum) gourlianum Grev., Woodwardia radicans
(L.) Smith, from North and South America are now known from Costa Rica. The rare intergeneric hybrid
Pleuroderris michleriana (Eaton) Maxon, last collected from this country in 1910, has been found
growing between large populations of Dictyoxiphium panamense Hk., and Tectaria incisa Cavanilles.
Publicación No.: 018 Los basidiolíquenes de Costa Rica [The Hymenolichens from Costa Rica] / GómezPignataro, Luis Diego. (Academia Nacional de Ciencias y Organización para Estudios Tropicales, Apdo.
The hymenolichens known from Costa Rica are: Herpothallon sanguineum (Herpothallaceae), Cora
pavonia and Wainiocora ciferri (Coraceae), and Dictyonema sericeum (Dictyonemataceae). A key to the
families, genera and species is presented, and some ecological notes, mainly to point out the apparent
overlapping altitudinal distribution and some preferences as to substratum: that of Herpothallon for the
bark of Theobroma cacao and of Cora for exposed, lateritic soils or rocky outcrops.
Publicación No.: 019 Gyromitra chirripoensis nov. sp [Gyromitra chirripoensis nueva especie] / GómezPignataro, Luis Diego. (Academia Nacional de Ciencias y Organización para Estudios Tropicales, Apdo.
A new species of operculate discomycetes, Gyromitra chirripoensis is described from the páramo of
Chirripó Grande, Talamanca. It belongs to the complex of G. gigas (Karst.) Harmaja. With this addition,
the Helvellaceae are represented in Costa Rica by three taxa: Helvella atra Oed. ex Fr., G. infula
([Schaeff].) Fr.) Quél., and G. chirripoensis L.D. Gómez.
Publicación No.: 020 Sobre el género Colonnaria Rafinesque [About the genus Colonnaria Rafinesque] /
Gómez-Pignataro, Luis Diego. (Academia Nacional de Ciencias y Organización para Estudios Tropicales,
Apdo. 676-2050, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, CR <E-mail: [email protected]>).
In: Revista de Biología Tropical (ISSN 0034-7744), v. 22, nol 1, p. 5-10. 1974.
Octubre 2011
The genera Blumenavia A. Möller and Colonnaria Rafinesque are briefly discussed the latter as a prior
synonym of Laternea Turpin. A new species, Colonnaria pereximia is described from Costa Rica and the
new combination C. pusilla (B. & C.) L.D. Gómez is proposed, increasing the number of accepted species
for the genus to the following: C. angolensis (Welw. & Curr.) Ed. Fisch.; C. columnata (Bosc) Ed. Fisch.; C.
triscapa (Turpin) R. Sant.; C. pusilla (B. * C.) L.D. Gómez and C. pereximia L.D. Gómez. The status of
"Laternea" bicolumnata Lloyd remains uncertain, but the possibility of this being a variant of C.
columnata (Bose) Ed. Fischer, is suggested.
Publicación No.: 021 Informe de la gira efectuada al macizo de Chirripó a raíz del fuego ocurrido en
Marzo de 1976 / Chaverri-Polini, Adelaida.; Vaughan-Dickhaut, Christopher.; Poveda-Alvarez, Luis Jorge.
(Universidad Nacional. Escuela de Ciencias Ambientales; Programa ECOMA; Apdo. 86-3000, Heredia, CR
<E-mail: [email protected]> <E-mail: [email protected]> <E-mail: [email protected]>).
In: Revista de Costa Rica, v. 11, no. 2, p. 243-279. 1976.
Debido al incendio que consumió al macizo de Chirripó que se inició el 22 de marzo de 1976, y que se
propagó durante casi tres semanas, la Escuela de Ciencias Ambientales de la Universidad Nacional
decició efectuar una visita al macizo con la finalidad de apreciar la extensión del área quemada y estimar
los daños producidos por el fuego. Además, se tenía interés en efectuar un estudio sobre la velocidad y
tipo de regeneración natural que ocurre en el páramo destruido por el fuego. Con esto en mente, una
expedición compuesta por los profesores Christopher Vaughan, Adelaida Chaverri y Luis Jorge Poveda,
salió hacia el macizo de Chirripó el 12 de abril de 1976. Se efectuaron las observaciones del caso, las
cuales se relatan en este informe y se establecieron 13 parcelas de estudio con la finalidad ee estudiar la
regeneración natural.
Publicación No.: 022 Costa Rica's endangered felines [Felinos amenazados en Costa Rica] / VaughanDickhaut, Christopher. (University of Wisconsin at Madison. Department of Wildlife Ecology, Madison,
WI 53706, US <E-mail: [email protected]>).
In: The Nature Conservancy News (ISSN 0028-0852), v. 34, no. 1, p. 18-23. 1984.
The largest cat of the New World, the jaguar was revered as a powerful and savage god by preColumbian civilizations. It prefers tropical and subtropical forests but also has been reported in
mangrove, scrub thickets, and swamps-even in open woodland. Its social organization is very similar to
that of other large solitary cats, such as leopards and tigers: males occupy home ranges (between 19
and 26 square miles in size) that overlap with those of several females. Presumably, they associate with
the females only during the mating season. Studies of jaguars in captivity indicate that one to four young
are born at any time of the year; gestation periods vary from 93 to 105 days. Following birth, the mother
remains with the cubs and may change shelters if the least disturbed. About six weeks later, her
offspring begin following her in hunting expeditions; they remain hidden in thick vegetation. At nine to
ten months of age, the cubs are half-grown-they probably remain with their mother until she is ready to
give birth again. A jaguar is considered mature when it is three years old. Six wild feline species,
including the jaguar (Felis onca), are found in Costa Rica and in most tropical Latin American countries.
The others are the ocelot, the margay, the puma, the jaguaroundi, and the little spotted or tiger cat. All
four spotted cats (jaguar, ocelot, margay, and little spotted cat) are classified as vulnerable throughout
their ranges by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). The
Octubre 2011
jaguaroundi is of "indeterminate status," according to IUCN-although the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
list it, and the Costa Rican puma, as endangered in Costa Rica, Panama, and Nicaragua. The ocelot (Felis
pardalis) is the best known of Costa Rica's small to medium-sized felines. Found from the southern tip of
Texas to Paraguay and northern Argentina, it varies greatly in coat pattern, color, and size throughout its
range. Males average about 29 pounds in weight and about 45 inches in length. Although its choice of
habitat is similar to that of the jaguar, the ocelot is considered more adaptable: at times it lives in
second-growth woodland, near towns, and in abandoned fields. It is principally nocturnal and seeks
daytime resting sites in tree hollows, branches, or caves. It feeds mostly on rodents and reptiles. The
ocelot hunts primarily on the ground, but it is also an excellent climber and occasionally searches for
prey in trees. The margay (Felis wiedii) is perhaps the rarest of the wild felines in Costa Rica. Because of
physical similarities, it is sometimes called the little ocelot. No ecological studies of this species have
been carried out, so what little information exists is based on few observations. Occurring from Mexico
to northern Argentina, the margay is believed to be principally arboreal and nocturnal, inhabiting heavily
forested areas. It preys on small birds, frogs, lizards, mice, and rats. Almost nothing is known about the
natural history of the little spotted cat (Felis tigrina), which is found from central Costa Rica to Brazil.
Males average the size of a hefty domestic cat. The four spotted cat species have been greatly affected
by commercial hunting throughout Latin America. In Costa Rica, one ocelot pelt was worth six months
‘salary to a field worker, and many rural Costa Ricans earned or supplemented their living by hunting
spotted cats. However, since its creation in 1973, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered
Species (CITES) has stopped much of the traffic in these species or their hides. (Currently ratified by 82
countries, CITES provides a complex mechanism for regulating trade in endangered and threatened
plants and animals, including their by-products.) Costa Rica was one of the first countries to ratify this
important international treaty, in September 1975. Because many of the world's largest importers of
Latin American spotted feline furs (nations such as the United States, Italy, France, West Germany, and
Japan) participate in CITES, trade in any of Costa Rica's spotted cats is illegal. All six of the country's
endangered cats are protected locally by a wildlife law that prohibits capturing or killing them. It is also
illegal to maintain any of these animals in captivity, except in a zoological park. In the last five years,
Costa Rica's Wildlife Department has confiscated numerous skins and live cats in an effort to enforce the
regulations. Today, there is no public dealing in hides or live animals; only a few years ago, furs were
bartered openly in market places and leather shops, and live ocelots were sold by newspaper
advertisements. People found guilty of killing or skinning a wild feline now receive jail sentences or stiff
fines or both, and their firearms are confiscated. Nonetheless, studies are needed to determine if these
measures are adequately protecting the wild populations. Although commercial exploitation has
significantly affected the native cats of Latin America, habitat destruction is the major threat to many
species. Fifty percent of the Earth's tropical rain forests, which embrace extensive portions of the wild
felines' ranges, occur in Latin America. The destruction of these forests-owing to logging, fuel-wood
gathering, and conversion of land to raise crops and feed cattle-is now calculated at 50 acres a minute,
or over 26 million acres a year (half the size of California). At this rate, half of the world's remaining
tropical forests will be destroyed in the next two decades. Only legally established and actively
protected wilderness areas will remain as habitats for the imperiled cats. Costa Rica has established
more than 45 protected natural areas to date. These lands are located in a range of ecological zonesfrom lowland rain forests, through mid-elevation cloud forests, up to high-mountain oak forests and
subalpine treeless zones. Most encompass habitat for the country's six wild cat species. Corcovado
National Park on the Osa Peninsula represents the most biologically complex wild region in Costa Rica.
Octubre 2011
The park's more-than-ten vegetational associations vary from a swampy section in the center of the
park, which harbors caimans and endangered American crocodiles, to lowland forests that support
towering (180-foot) tropical trees. Hilly forested areas surround these lowlands on three sides. More
than 350 bird species have been reported within Corcovado's boundaries. Vast regions of the 100,586acre park-refuge for large herds of white-lipped peccaries-remain unexplored. It is not uncommon to see
jaguar tracks, or the animal itself, around the administration center at Corcovado.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S8734. LS.
Publicación No.: 023 Flora of Panama. Part VIII. Family 149. Ericaceae [Flora de Panamá. Parte VIII.
Familia 149. Ericaceae] / Wilbur, Robert L.; Luteyn, James Leonard. (Duke University. Department of
Botany, Durham, NC 27706, US <E-mail: [email protected]> <E-mail: [email protected]>).
In: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden (ISSN 0026-6493), v. 65, p. 27-144. 1978.
(No abstract).
Publicación No.: 024 Westoniella, a new genus of the Astereae from the Costa Rican páramos
[Westoniella, un género nuevo de Astereae de los páramos costarricenses] / Cuatrecasas-Arumí, José.
(Smithsonian Institution. Department of Botany, Washington, D.C. 20560, US).
In: Phytologia (ISSN 0031-9430), v. 35, no. 6, p. 471-487. 1977.
During several years exploration of the high mountains of Costa Rica for ecological research, many less
accessible areas never visited before by botanists, have been botanically scrutinized by the intrepid, Dr.
Arthur S. Weston. He gathered several thousand collections from the Talamanca Cordillera, mostly
representatives of the páramos. A part of the Canpositae of his collections was turned over to me for
identification. I found in it many novelties, which are not only significant for the flora of the Costa Rican
páramos, but also because of the various undescribed taxa which represent additions to the already
known series of Costa Rican endemics. The most important novelty is a new genus in the Astereae
described here as Westoniella, represented by five distinct species which were all collected by Weston
in the páramos or subpáramos of the Chirripó massif and Buenavista massif. Of these five species, one
had been collected before (by Pittier) and published first by Klatt as a Senecio, and transferred later by
Greenman, to Erigeron. The other four species are all first records. Westoniella is mostly characterized
by its tubular ray corol-las with a narrow proximal part and a more expanded, inflated, distal section
representing the limb. The apex is contracted, the margin being almost entire or with five regular or
oblique short teeth. A curving of the corolla or the obliqueness of the opening often make it slightly
zygomorphic. The color may be roseate, red, lilac or white, contrasting more or less from the disc
corollas which are red, maroon or purplish and usually darker than the rays. The rays may be straight,
the heads appearing discoid, or more or less bent downwards radiating, like in W. chirripoensis with
spreading, showing, white rays. The corollas of both kinds have at the middle part copious obovateoblong or claviform biseriate glandular trichomes. The styles have fine, long branches with marginal
stigmatic bands in the female flowers; they are lanceolate-oblong, rigid, non-stigmatic and papillosehispid abaxially in the functionally male, disc flowers. The ovaries of ray flowers and achenes are
obovoid, somewhat compressed with rounded apex, with 2 marginal costae and frequently with an
additional prominent vein at one side. They have sparse or abundant geminate-celled trichames
throughout and few obovoid or pyriform glands near the apex. The sterile linear or oblong 4-5 ripped
ovaries of the disc flowers have similar pubescence. The pappus is of one row of strigose bristles. The
Octubre 2011
genera that most resemble Westoniella in the habit and apparent structure are Andean genera
Diplostephium, Hinterhubera and Blakiella. The new genus differs readily from the three by the
particular shape of the tubular ray corollas. These corollas are very different from the tubular ray
corollas found in Conyzinae, Baccharidinae, and some Asterinae, which are the result of extreme
reduction of the ligular corollas down to a tiny tube. The ray corollas of Westoniella probably represents
a more primitive structure than in the Aster type, the latter being a more evolved disposition into the
trend of capitulum-functional flower. Hinterhubera differs clearly from Westoniella by the deeply lobate
ray flowers and by the several rows of pappus bristles. Blakiella differs by the particular bottle shape of
the ray flowers and the beaked, fusiform achenes (Cuatrecasas 1969, fig. 8-A) Diplostephium, in addition
to the ligular character of the rays differs by a double row of pappus bristles. Other genera of Astereae
(Laestadia, Solenogyne, Haastia) with tubular ray-flowers have a different structure and are more
distantly related to Westoniella. In the present stage of knowledge of the Astereae tribe, Westoniella
should be included in the subtribe Asterinae. This new genus is extremely significant in relation to the
capacity of biological differentiation through time and isolation of the páramo-biomas. Its evolutionary
process may be seen in parallel connection with those of the Hinterhubera, Diplostephium and Blakiella.
The variety of species of Hinterhubera developed in Venezuela and of Westoniella in Costa Rica, within a
relatively limited area, shows parallel or convergent trends in the vegetative structures. Dr. Weston is
preparing a detailed account of the phytogeographical and ecological aspects of his findings in Costa
Rica.
Publicación No.: 025 New species of Piper from Central America [Nuevas especies de Piper de
Centroamérica] / de Candolle, C. In: Botanical Gazette (ISSN 0006-8071), v. 70, no. 3, p. 169-189. 1920.
Descripción de numerosas especies nuevas de Piper, principalmente de Costa Rica y unas pocas de
Guatemala, tomado de un extenso manuscrito del finado M. de Candolle, con base a material
depositado en el U.S. National Herbarium, como parte de las especies de Centroamérica y Panamá
colectadas durante el reconocimiento biológico de Panamá, bajo los auspicios del Instituto Smithsonian.
Publicación No.: 026 The Lupinus montanus complex of Mexico and Central America [El complejo
Lupinus montanus de México y Centroamérica] / Dunn, D.B.; Harmon, W.E. (University of Missouri at
Columbia. Division of Biological Sciences, Columbia, MO 65201, US).
In: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden (ISSN 0026-6493), v. 64, no. 2, p. 340-365. 1977.
The recognition of the Lupinus montanus complex by morphological traits is discussed. Ecological
modification of traits is discussed and the island nature of distribution from ountain peak to mountain
peak produces semi-isolated gene pools. Long range dispersal and introgression from other lupines has
occurred at the northern end of the distribution in San Luis de Potosí, Mexico, developing L. cacuminus
A similar situation occurred in Costa Rica, with L. valerioi the product of introgresssion from, as yet, an
unknown taxon. In Guatemala var. austrovolcanicus represents local introgression from L.
kellermanianus, into L. montanus. Both of the Peruvian (L. praestabilis and L. proculaustrinus) taxa are,
likewise the result of long range dispersal and introgression. The geographic range of each of the taxa of
the complex is plotted and the interrelationship is discussed. The alkaloids have been plotted from
random samples of each of the taxa and the data supports the taxonomic treatment and interpretation
of their interrelationship.
Octubre 2011
Localización: BIBLIOTECA OET: NBINA-388.
Publicación No.: 027 Flora costaricensis. Family #15, Gramineae / Pohl, Richard W. (Iowa State
University. Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Ames, IA 50011, US).
In: Fieldiana. Botany (ISSN 0015-0746), no. 4, 608 p. 1980.
For many years, the standard classification of the Gramineae used in works of American origin was that
of A. S. Hitchcock. This featured the use of two large subfamilies, the Festucoideae and Panicoideae, and
a rather limited number of inclusive tribes. Studies in morphology, anatomy, cytology, ecology, and
physiology indicate that this system did not make sufficient allowance for the wide and frequent
occurrence of convergent evolution in external. The system used for this work is based largely on the
one proposed for the American temperate zone elements of the family by G. L. Stebbins and Beecher
Crampton. I have modified this system in detail, but the general outline follows the work of the above
authors. While the system has much higher phylogenetic and predictive value than older arrangements,
it does not lend itself to use for routine identification. I have therefore constructed artificial keys to
assist in identification, and the arrangement in the text is strictly alphabetical. The following brief
summary will serve to indicate the principal characteristics of each of the six subfamilies recognized in
this treatment indicate the Costa Rican genera belonging to each one. Subfamily I. Bambusoideae. This
subfamily includes the bamboos and a number of herbaceous, mostly found in moist forests of the
tropics, which resemble bamboos in their leaf epidermal and cross-sectional anatomy, the number and
nature of lodicules, the number of stamens and stigmas. The bamboos are readily recognized by their
woody stems, and all of these grasses possess at least short pseudopetioles. The following genera occur
in Costa Rica: Woody bamboos: Arthrostylidium, Aulonemia, Bambusa, Chusquea, Elytrostachys,
Merostachys, Rhipidocladum, Swallenochloa. A number of other genera are cultivated, including species
of Phyllostachys, Yushania, and Bambusa. Herbaceous bamboos: Cryptochloa, Lithachne, 0lyra, Pariana,
Raddia, Pharas, Streptochaeta, Streptogyna. The treatment of the bamboos in this work is necessarily
tentative. Many of the species bloom only after long intervals of years, and some have never been
observed to bloom in our area. Much more field and herbarium work will have to be done before a
definitive treatment of the Central American bamboos can be produced. Subfamily II. Oryzoideae. This is
a relatively small subfamily, allied to the bambusoidsby anatomical characteristics and chromosome
numbers. Their spikelets have very reduced or vestigial glumes, usually appearing as a minute cupule at
the apex of the pedicel. There is only one fertile floret. All are plants of wet ground or water. The
following genera occur in Costa Rica: Leersia, Luziola, Oryza. Subfamily III. Pooideae (Festucoideae). This
is a large subfamily, containing many of the grasses of the temperate and cold regions of the world. In
Central America, relatively few of them occur and these mostly at high elevations. They are
characterized by rather simple leaf anatomy, reduced embryo structure, and the possession of large
chromosomes in multiples of seven. The following genera occur in Costa Rica, some of them as
introductions in upland pastures: Aciachne, Agropyron, Agrostis, Aira, Anthoxanthum, Avena, Briza,
Brachypodium, Bromus, Calamarostis, Cinna, Cynosurus, Dactylis, Deschampsia, Festuca, Glyceria,
HierochloÙ, Holcus, Lolium, Lorenzochloa, Nassella, Phalaris, Poa, Polypogon, Secale, Stipa, Triniochloa,
Trisetum, Vulpia. Subfamily IV. Arundinoideae: This subfamily contains numerous large, reedlike grasses,
often with plumelike, fuzzy panicles. Other genera included here are placed largely on anatomical
grounds. Costa Rican representatives are: Aristida, Arundo, Cortaderia, Danthonia, Gynerium,
Orthoclada, Phragmites, Zeugites. Subfamily V. Chloridoideae (Eragrostoideae): This is an abundant
Octubre 2011
subfamily of warm climates. They are fundamentally characterized by microscopic characters, including
the elaborately structured leaf cross-section, featuring a number of quasi-independent units, the cells of
each radiating around a single vascular bundle. In many, the lemmas have three strong vascular bundles,
in contrast to the five or more faint bundles in lemmas of most pooid grasses. The following genera
occur in Costa Rica, mostly at low or middle elevations: Aegopogon, Bouteloua, Chloris, Cynodon,
Dactyloctenium, Eleusine, Eragrostis, Gouinia, Gymnopogon, Jouvea, Leptochloa, Muhlenbergia,
Pentarraphis, Pereilema, Spartina, Sporolobus, Triplasis, Uniola, Zoysia. Subfamily VI. Panicoideae: This is
by far the largest subfamily of warm climate grasses, forming a significant portion of the grass cover in
tropical regions. Spikelets, with rare exceptions, are dorsally compressed, have a single perfect flower,
and disarticulate below the glumes.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: C9-84. Biblioteca OET: NBINA-11375.
Publicación No.: 028 Contribuciones a la flora ciperológica de Costa Rica. II. Una especie inadvertida
de Uncinia Persoon / Gómez-Laurito, Jorge. (Universidad de Costa Rica. Escuela de Biología, Ciudad
Universitaria Rodrigo Facio, CR <E-mail: [email protected]>).
A brief discussion on the distribution of the genus Uncinia Persoon and a key for the species of Central
America are presented. Uncinia koyamai is described as a new species.
Localización: Biblioteca Museo Nacional: QH7 B7.
Publicación No.: 029 Contribuciones a la flora ciperológica de Costa Rica. III. Notas sobre Oreobolus R.
Brown / Gómez-Laurito, Jorge. (Universidad de Costa Rica. Escuela de Biología, Ciudad Universitaria
Rodrigo Facio, CR <E-mail: [email protected]>).
A brief discussion on distribution of the genus Oreobolus R. Brown is presented. The identity of the
Costa Rican species is explained and a key is provided.
Publicación No.: 030 Predation of Coendou mexicanus by large Felidae [Depredación del puerco espín
(Coendou mexicanus) por grandes felinos] / Vaughan-Dickhaut, Christopher. (University of Wisconsin at
Madison.
Department
of
Wildlife
Ecology,
Madison,
WI
53706,
US
<E-mail:
In: Brenesia (ISSN 0304-3711), no. 18, p. 368. 1980.
(Abstract only) In August 1978, while exploring the Chirripó Massif in the Talamanca Mountain Range in
Costa Rica, two separate piles of fresh, feline scats were found along the Fila Cementerio de la Máquina
trail just below the páramo-forest interphase at 3000 meters elevation. These scats measured 27 and 32
cm in length and 2.5 cm in diameter, respectively, and were conspicuously composed of quills and
secondary guard hairs from the Central American porcupine (Coendou mexicanus), an arboreal species
found from sea level to tree-line (0-3000 meters approximately) in Costa Rica. They are believed to be
from either the jaguar (Leo onca) or the mountain lion (Felis concolor) both reported from the area. In
northern latitudes the mountain lion feeds on the North American porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum, cf.
Young and Goldman, The Puma, p. 135, 1946; Seidens-ticker et al., Wildlife Monographs, 43, 1973), but
this is the first documented case of a wild cat feeding on the Central American porcupine. Of over 300
fecal samples collected over a period of four years (1977-1980) at elevations of 3000 or more meters in
Octubre 2011
the Chirripo Massif (75 scats) and Cerro de la Muerte (225 scats) from the jaguar, mountain lion, ocelot
(Felis pardalis), margay (Felis wiedii) and coyote (Canis latrans), only the aforementioned have obviously
contained porcupine quills.
Publicación No.: 031 Effects of repeated fires on tropical páramo vegetation [Efectos de incendios
repetidos en la vegetación del páramo tropical] / Williamson, G. Bruce.; Schatz, George E.; AlvaradoHernández, Alfredo.; Redhead, C.S.; Stam, A.C.; Sterner, R.W. (Louisiana State University. Department of
Plant Biology, Baton Rouge, LA 70803-1705, US <E-mail: [email protected]> <E-mail:
In: Tropical Ecology (ISSN 0564-3295), v. 27, no. 1, p. 62-69. 1986.
Páramo vegetation, sampled on Cerro Zacatales (3300-3400 m), Costa Rica, nine years after a fire,
revealed that over 80% of the shrub crowns were killed, and basal sprouts had recovered only one-third
to two-thirds of their plants' pre-fire heights. Recent fire history, reconstructed from annual rings,
suggests fires at the site in 1952, 1965 and 1973. As mortality and regeneration rates do not permit
complete shrub recovery in ten years, the fire frequency of once a decade is sufficient to preclude shrub
dominance. Current vegetation is dominated by tussock grasses and sedges that are deciduous in the
dry season and prove ample fuel for surface fires. A preliminary test of shrub leaf rinses indicated
potential allelopathic inhibition of seedling growth but only a minor inhibition of seed germination.
Publicación No.: 032 Nueve expediciones a la Cordillera de Talamanca / Kohkemper-Meza, M.
In: Costa Rica. Instituto Geográfico Nacional. Informe Semestral (ISSN 0045-8740), v. 29, no. IS-I, p. 1-34.
1983.
Quien escribió estas pequeñas narraciones, lo hizo con el buen deseo de interesar especialmente a la
juventud costarricense, para que se decidan a conocer y explorar las bellezas naturales, muy poco
conocidas, que nos ofrece nuestra querida Patria, Costa Rica. ¿Qué es el "Macizo del Chirripó" en la
"Cordillera de Talamanca? El Cerro Chirripó, cima culminante de la Cordillera de Talamanca, alcanza una
altura de 3820 m y es la montaña más alta de la parte sur de Centroamérica y una superficie
desarbolada de 60 km². En ella se encuentran 17 cerros con más de 3400 m de altura. Hay cinco valles
que ofrecen innumerables sitios para acampar, cruzados por arroyuelos de agua potable por doquier y
que son los siguientes: 1. El Valle de los Lagos, al pie dela cima del lado del Pacífico, contiene sólo tres
lagos escalonados en terrazas, el mayor de los cuales es el Lago Grande o Lago San Juan ya mencionado.
2. El Valle de los Conejos, es el primero que se atraviesa al llegar al pie de la cima; tiene construidos dos
Refugios de madera y fibrocemento, para uso de los campistas que no quieran armar sus tiendas de
campaña. 3. El Valle de las Morrenas, del lado del Atlántico, contiene unos quince a veinte lagos, que
forman el río Chirripó del Atlántico y que con el nombre de río Matina desemboca en su vecindad en el
mar. 4. La Sabana de los Leones, es un aeropuerto natural en potencia, de 1 km de ancho por 2 km de
largo recubierto de zacate ralo y plantas de bajo porte. Queda a unos 5 km al Sur del Cerro Chirripó y a
pesar de su belleza, es poco visitado. 5. El Valle Ancho, el de mayor altitud al norte del Chirripó a un par
de km de esta cima. Fue establecido como Parque Nacional por Ley No. 5773 del 19 de agosto de 1975 y
abarca una extensión de 43 700 ha. Un director y un equipo de guardabosques protegen el Parque,
atienden los visitantes y hacen observaciones sobre la biología, geología y fenómenos meteorológicos.
Chirripó cuenta con tres refugios para el servicio de los excursionistas y con varios senderos a los que se
Octubre 2011
les da un mantenimiento regular. Dos temas de los más interesantes cuando se habla de la montaña
más alta del país, son su clima y las diferentes ascensiones, principalmente históricas, que se han
efectuado. Ambos temas han sido tratados por el Lic. Mainrad Kohkemper Meza, notable montañista y
explorador, y posiblemente la persona más documentada sobre este macizo. Con respecto al clima del
páramo, con base en los datos de Kohkemper y de Brown, se puede deducir que las fluctuaciones de la
temperatura entre el día y la noche son muy fuertes. Mr. Willfred Brown midió una mínima de -9 °C al
amanecer del 21 de febrero de 1971, y una máxima de 17.4°C a las 9:10 de la mañana del mismo día, es
decir, una oscilación de 26°C con sólo 4 horas de diferencia. Sobre el tema de las rutas de ascenso,
Kohkemper indica que existen cinco, una de ellas llamada Camino de los Indios, porque en efecto, es el
camino que usaban y usan todavía los indios de la región, y otra, la última construida por la
Municipalidad de San Isidro de El General en 1965. Este autor indica que el primer hombre blanco que
subió a la cima del Chirripó fue el Padre Agustín Blessing, misionero en Talamanca, en 1904.
Posteriormente se sucedieron expediciones en 1905, 1913, 1915, 1920, 1932 y 1942. A partir de esta
fecha las ascensiones se hacen más frecuentes.
Publicación No.: 033 Los páramos de Costa Rica y su concatenación fitogeográfica con los Andes
suramericanos [Die Páramos von Costa Rica und ihre pflanzengeographische Verkettung mit den
Hochanden Südamerikas] / Weber, H. San José: Instituto Geográfico de Costa Rica, 1959. 71 p.
Presentación: El Ministerio de Obras Públicas, por medio del Instituto Geográfico, presenta la traducción
al castellano de la excelente obra que el doctor Hans Weber, profesor de botánica en la Universidad de
Maguncia, escribió acerca de la concatenación fitogeográfica entre los páramos de Costa Rica y los
suramericanos. Cree con esto el Instituto Geográfico cumplir con las obligaciones y tareas contenidas en
los dos primeros artículos de su ley fundamental. Después del meritorio estudio de Carlos Wercklé en
1909, no había vuelto a publicarse nada sobre la fitogeografía costarricense. La sólida preparación
científica y el conocimiento directo que el doctor Weber adquirió durante su permanencia en
Suramérica, cuyos páramos visitó y estudió en detalle, le capacitaban para establecer una comparación
autorizada con los nuestros. La presente obra condensa el resultado de sus observaciones y
experiencias. El autor nació en Delitzsch, Alemania Central, el 6 de octubre de 1911; la Universidad de
Halle confirióle, en 1936, el título de doctor en ciencias naturales; en 1936 entró a servir como profesor
adjunto en la Universidad de Königsberg; movilizado como combatiente de 1940 a 1945, actuó en varios
frentes, y durante dos años prestó servicio como meteorologista de la fuerza aérea. En 1946 fue
nombrado catedrático titular de botánica en la Universidad de Maguncia, posición que desde entonces
ha desempeñado con lucimiento y a la cual ha entregado toda su energía y la profundidad y
concentración de su espíritu investigador. Viajó por la Europa Occidental, del Báltico al Mediterráneo,
España inclusive, para ampliar sus conocimientos y adquirir experiencia de campo. Durante 1952 y 1953
estuvo en Ecuador y Colombia; acerca de su viaje, en el cual abarcó desde las cálidas regiones
amazónicas y costeñas hasta la cima nevada de los Andes, escribió varias documentadas y valiosas
monografías. De setiembre a diciembre de 1956 estuvo en El Salvador, y a mediados de este último mes
llegó a Costa Rica, de donde salió, de regreso a Maguncia, el 19 de abril de 1957. Hombre reservado,
parco de palabras, pero rico de sentimientos generosos, y efusivo, elocuente, en sus comunicaciones
escritas, es un cabal representante del científico para quien el tiempo es el capital que mejor debe
administrar el hombre, y para quien .la investigación botánica ocupa el primer lugar en sus actividades.
Ni penalidades, ni privaciones, ni pronósticos de mal tiempo en la cordillera, le descorazonan o hacen
Octubre 2011
desistir de su propósito. Aunque su condición física se resentía de las consecuencias de la guerra, su
voluntad firme se sobrepuso, y emprendió con éxito la ascensión al Chirripó Grande para comprobar lo
que sus predecesores científicos, los doctores Kupper y Weyl, habían hallado en los páramos del
formidable macizo, y adicionarlos con sus propias y personales observaciones en el terreno botánico. Su
libro establece que, en la geografía de las plantas, no en su geología, nuestros páramos son el extremo
setentrional de los suramericanos; han servido de puente para algunas especies del Sur en su migración
hacia el Norte, y señalan para otras el límite extremo de su dispersión. Son espacialmente reducidos
pero su flora peculiar, única, producto del ambiente de la altura, ofrece maravillosos contrastes al
investigador experimentado. Monótono y simple para el observador superficial, la vegetación y la flora
del páramo ofrecen por todas partes variedad y belleza para quien sabe explicar su forma de vida y el
porqué de sus manifestaciones. El doctor Weber, y la Academia de Ciencias y Letras de Maguncia
dedican este libro a la memoria del barón Alexander von Humboldt en el primer centenario de su
muerte. (Presentación a cargo de Federico Gutiérrez-Braun).
Localización: Biblioteca OET: 581.753.097286 W374p. Biblioteca Museo Nacional: QK983.P3 W43p.
Publicación No.: 034 A new species of Senecio from Costa Rica [Una nueva especie de Senecio de Costa
Rica] / Robinson, Harold E.; Brettell, R.D. (National Museum of Natural History. Smithsonian Institution,
Department of Botany, Washington, D.C. 20560, US).
In: Phytologia (ISSN 0031-9430), v. 26, no. 6, p. 454. 1973.
(No abstract).
Publicación No.: 035 Studies in the Eupatorieae (Asteraceae). CLXI. A new species of Stevia from Costa
Rica [Estudios en las Eupatorieae (Asteraceae). CLXI. Una nueva especie de Stevia de Costa Rica] / King,
Robert M.; Robinson, Harold E. (National Museum of Natural History. Smithsonian Institution,
Department of Botany, Washington, D.C. 20560, US).
Proposed as new, described and illustrated is S. westonii.
Localización: Biblioteca Museo Nacional: QK175 P3.
Publicación No.: 036 Resplendent myth [Mito resplandeciente] / Skutch, Alexander F.; Blagden, T., Jr,
(phot.). (El Quizarrá, Apdo. 939-8000, San Isidro de El General, CR).
In: Audubon (ISSN 0097-7136), v. 84, no. 5, p. 74-85. 1982.
In the cloud forest of the Cordillera Central, ever bathed in mist, a legendary ornithologist came to know
the legendary quetzal, by general acclaim the most gorgeous bird in the Western Hemisphere.
Publicación No.: 037 Alguns Oligochaeta de Costa Rica [Algunos Oligochaeta de Costa Rica] / Righi, G.;
Fraile-Merino, Jorge. (Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia,
São Paulo, BR <E-mail: [email protected]>).
In: Revista Brasileira de Biología (ISSN 0034-7108), v. 47, no. 4, p. 535-548. 1987.
From Costa Rica 16 species of earthworms were studied. They are distributed onto 7 genera of 4 families
as follow: Ocnerodrilidae: Ocnerodrilus alox, sp. n., Octochaetidae: Dichogaster picadoi Michaelsen,
Octubre 2011
1912, D. guetare, sp. n., D. kepo, sp. n., D. bolaui bolaui (Michaelsen, 1891), D. modiglianii (Rosa, 1896),
D. cervi Righi & Ayres, 1975, D. saliens (Beddard, 1892). Megascolecidae: Polypheretima elongata
(Perrier, 1872), Metaphire californica (Kinberg, 1867), Amynthas corticis (Kinberg, 1867).
Glossoscolecidae: Pontoscolex corethurus (Muller, 1857). Glossodrilus nemoralis (Cognetti, 1905), G.
orosi, sp. n., G. dorasque, sp. n., G. cibca, sp. n.
Publicación No.: 038 Ecology of mature and recovering Talamancan Montane Quercus forests, Costa
Rica [Ecología de los robledales de altura (bosques de Quercus) maduros y en recuperación en la
Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica] / Kappelle, Maarten. (Utrecht University. Copernicus Institute for
Sustainable Development and Innovation, Department of Science, Technology and Society, Padualaan
14, 3584 CH Utrecht, NL <E-mail: [email protected]>). Amsterdam: University of Amsterdam,
1995. 270 p. Dissertation, Doctoraan, Tropische Oecologie, University of Amsterdam (The Netherlands).
Esta tesis doctoral contiene los resultados de una investigación realizada sobre diferentes aspectos de la
ecología de los robledales de altura (bosques de Quercus spp. en la Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica.
Los temas tratados abarcan los campos de la biogeografía, zonificación altitudinal, fitosociología,
diversidad de plantas, sucesión secundaria, recuperación después de la tala, uso de la tierra y
conservación ambiental. [This dissertation contains the results of a study concerning different aspects of
the ecology of the montane Quercus forest of the Cordillera de Talamanca in Costa Rica. Main ecological
themes dealt with are in the spheres of biogeography, altitudinal zonation, phytosociology, and plant
diversity, and secondary succession, recovery after clearing, land use and environmental conservation].
Publicación No.: 039 New species of Festuca, Sporobolus, and Eriochloa (Poaceae) from Mesoamerica
and South America [Nuevas especies de Festuca, Sporobolus y Eriochloa (Poaceae) de Mesoamérica y
Suramérica] / Davidse, Gerrit.; Pohl, Richard W. (Missouri Botanical Garden, PO Box 299, St. Louis, MO
63166-0299, US).
In: Novon (ISSN 1055-3177), v. 2, no. 4, p. 322-328. 1992.
The new species Festuca talamancensis (from Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica), F. herrerae (from
Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica and Panama), Sporobolus distichivaginatus (from Peten, Guatemala)
and Eriochloa stevensii (from Nicaragua, Venezuela and Ecuador) are formally described, illustrated and
compared with their closest putative relatives.
Publicación No.: 040 Distribution and diversity of montane pteridophytes of the Chirripó National
Park, Costa Rica [Distribución y diversidad de pteridófitas montanas del Parque Nacional Chirripó, Costa
Rica] / Kappelle, Maarten.; Gómez-Pignataro, Luis Diego. (Utrecht University. Copernicus Institute for
Sustainable Development and Innovation, Department of Science, Technology and Society, Padualaan
14, 3584 CH Utrecht, NL <E-mail: [email protected]> <E-mail: [email protected]>).
An annotated checklist of 39 pteridophyte genera and 129 species known from the montane belt (20003300 m alt.) of the Chirripó National Park in Costa Rica is presented. The genera richest in species are
Lycopodium (23 sp.), Elaphoglossum (17 sp.), Grammitis (12 sp.), Asplenium (8 sp.), and Polypodium (8
sp.). Species richness is highest, around 2400 m.a.s.l. (64 sp.), especially on the Pacific slope, and around
Octubre 2011
3000 m.a.s.l. (65 sp.), with many Atlantic endemics. This is probably due to the local presence of
condensation belts held responsable for the change from one vegetation zone to another at these
altitudes. Analysis of slope preferences shows, that the fern genera Grammitis and Hymenophyllum
have their highest diversity on the wet Atlantic slope of the Chirripó massif, whereas congeneric species
of Asplenium and to a lesser extent Elaphoglossum are principally observed on moist Pacific slopes.
Woody species (tree-ferns) make up about 5% of the total of 129 species and are concentrated between
2300 and 2700 m.a.s.l. Most fern species occur occasionally or are considered as being rare. These less
frequent ferns are mainly found at one of the two altitudinal intervals, where diversity is highest:
between 2200 and 2500 m or between 3000 and 3200 m a.s.l. Low frequency may indicate small niche
breadths. Thus, Chirripó montane fern species seem very limited in their (altitudinal and slope)
distribution and are considered truly specific in their ecological requirements. This phenomenon
emphasizes the importance of montane conservation (Atlantic) and leeward (Pacific) slopes.
Publicación No.: 041 A geological, geomorphological and soil transect study of the Chirripó Massif and
adjacent areas, Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica [Un transecto de estudio geológico, geomorfológico
y de suelos del Macizo Chirripó y áreas adyacentes, Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica] / van Uffelen,
J.G. Wageningen: Wageningen Agricultural University, 1991. 72 p. Thesis, M.Sc, Wageningen Agricultural
University, Wageningen (Netherlands).
Localización: Non available.
Publicación No.: 042 Plan de manejo para el Parque Nacional Chirripó, Costa Rica / Bravo-Chacón,
Juan.; Chaverri-Polini, Adelaida.; Solano, G. (Universidad Nacional. Escuela de Ciencias Ambientales;
Programa ECOMA; Apdo. 86-3000, Heredia, CR <E-mail: [email protected]> <E-mail:
[email protected]>)./ Universidad Nacional/Instituto Geográfico Nacional/Servicio de Parques
Nacionales, San José, San José: Instituto Geográfico Nacional, 1991. 83 p.
En 1975 se declaró el Parque Nacional de Chirripó, el cerro del mismo nombre, cuyos objetivos fueron la
conservación de los recursos bióticos y abióticos, conservar las nacientes de agua y proteger la
vegetación endémica del área, además de proteger las formaciones glaciales de Costa Rica. Como
consecuencia de estos objetivos se realizó este estudio, donde se describen los antecedentes regionales,
accesibilidad a la zona, antecedentes del Parque así como su manejo y desarrollo. El Parque contiene
aproximadamente el 80 por ciento de la vegetación de páramo existente en el país, correspondiente a
un 70 a 75 por ciento de la existente en Centroamérica. Presenta también especies en peligro de
extinción como son tres especies de felinos, la danta y el quetzal. La importancia geológica y
geomorfológica del parque radica en que tiene vestigios de las glaciaciones del Pleistoceno como valles
en forma de U, morrenas, circos y aristas glaciares. Además se encuentra el pico más alto del país. Por
todo esto, es la importancia de su manejo y conservación.
Publicación No.: 043 Postglacial vegetation and fire history in the Chirripó páramo of Costa Rica
[Vegetación postglacial e historia de incendios en el páramo del Chirripó de Costa Rica] / Horn, Sally P.
(The University of Tennessee. Department of Geography, 304 Burchfiel Geography Building, Knoxville,
TN 37996-09251420, US <E-mail: [email protected]>).
In: Quaternary Research (ISSN 0033-5894), v. 40, no. 1, p. 107-116. 1993.
Octubre 2011
Pollen and charcoal analysis of a 5.6-m sediment core from Lago de las Morrenas (9 degree 29'N, 83
degree 29'W; 3480 m) provides evidence of postglacial vegetation and fire history in the highlands of the
Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica. The site is presently surrounded by treeless páramo vegetation and
apparently has been so since deglaciation about 10,000 yr B.P. Pollen spectra suggest no pronounced
changes in vegetation since ice retreat. Fires set by people or lightning have burned the páramo
repeatedly, with fire activity probably highest during the late Holocene, but these fires have not carved
páramo from forest. Pollen percentages for Gramineae and other páramo taxa decline upward, whereas
percentages for certain subalpine, lower montane, and lowland forest taxa increase slightly; these
changes may reflect the impact of prehistoric human activity or slight upslope migrations of forest taxa
owing to climatic warming. There is no clear evidence of higher timberlines during the mid-Holocene.
Publicación No.: 044 Distribución altitudinal de la vegetación del Parque Nacional Chirripó, Costa Rica
[Altitudinal distribution of vegetation at the Chirripo National Park, Costa Rica] / Kappelle, Maarten.
(Utrecht University. Copernicus Institute for Sustainable Development and Innovation, Department of
Science, Technology and Society, Padualaan 14, 3584 CH Utrecht, NL <E-mail:
The altitudinal zonation of the vegetation above 2000 m is described from studies of two SW-NE
transects. Four zones are identified: páramo, subalpine forest, upper montane forest and lower
montane forest. The main species found in each are discussed and appendices give a floristic list in
family order, with vernacular names and zones of occurrence; data are also presented in tabular form
and maps are included.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: B.
Publicación No.: 045 Observations on the plankton of some Costa Rican lakes [Observaciones sobre el
plancton de algunos lagos costarricenses] / Haberyan, K.A.; Umaña-Villalobos, Gerardo.; Collado,
Carmen.; Horn, Sally P. (NW Missouri State University. Department of Biology, Maryville, MO 644682002, US <E-mail: [email protected]> <E-mail: [email protected]> <E-mail:
In: Hydrobiologia (ISSN 0018-8158), v. 312, no. 2, p. 75-85. 1995.
We sampled 30 lakes in Costa Rica in the wet season (July-August) of 1991 for phytoplankton (with
integrated and whole water samples), and 17 for zooplankton (with net tows). Taxa of plankton and
community richness were poorly related to geography, morphology, chemistry, and other biota. Neither
the zooplankton nor the phytoplankton appeared to influence the composition of the other, and neither
were apparently influenced by the presence of fish. Phytoplankton richness reflected primarily sampling
method, but also tended to decrease with elevation and with Secchi disk depth, and tended to increase
with pH and alkalinity. Chlorophytes were the most abundant division in 14 lakes; these lakes tended to
be unstratified, turbid, and located at higher elevation. Diatoms were common in 4 of the 7 lakes with
elevated silica (over 30 ppm). Each lake showed at least a 3 : 1 dominance by copepods, cladocera, or
insect larvae. Copepods dominated 7 of the 17 lakes, most of which were shallow, turbid, and had low
alkalinity. CIadocera dominated 7 lakes that were typically deeper and located at low- to mid-elevations.
Insect larvae dominated two small, turbid lakes.
Octubre 2011
Publicación No.: 046 Structural and floristic differences between wet Atlantic and moist Pacific
montane Myrsine-Quercus forests in Costa Rica [Diferencias estructurales y florísticas entre los bosques
de Myrsine-Quercus de las montañas del Atlántico húmedo y las del Pacífico húmedo en Costa Rica] /
Kappelle, Maarten.; Balslev, H, (ed.); Luteyn, James Leonard, (ed.). (Utrecht University. Copernicus
Institute for Sustainable Development and Innovation, Department of Science, Technology and Society,
Padualaan
14,
3584
CH
Utrecht,
NL
<E-mail:
[email protected]>
<E-mail:
[email protected]> <E-mail: [email protected]>).
In: Páramo: an Andean ecosystem under human influence London: Academic Press, 1992. p. 61-70.
ISBN: 0-12-460442-0.
Two new subcommunities in the montane Myrsine pittieri-Quercus costaricensis forest community are
provisionally described from Costa Rica. First, the Ilex discolor-Quercus costaricensis subcommunity on
the wet Atlantic slope of the Cordillera de Talamanca, and secondly the Comarostaphylis arbutoidesQuescus costaricensis subcommunity on the moist Pacific slopes. At 3100 m altitude much structural
and floristic dissimilarity between these subcommunities were found. Atlantic forest is almost twice as
tall as Pacific forests, which in average turn show more dwarfish features (e.g., gnarled trees). Tree
density is lower and average stem diameters are higher in Atlantic stands, which also house a great
variety of hygrophilic fern species with coriaceous leaves. Floristic similarity between both slopes is
great; about one-third of all species is found on boh the Atlantic and the Pacific slope, and the remaining
65% are equally proportioned between the two slopes. Strucural and compositional dissimilarities are
mainly caused by different climatic conditions caused by the trade winds on the Atlantic slope and the
extreme diurnal temperature fluctuations resulting from cloud absence during the morning and mid-day
hours on the Pacific slope determine the differentiation of Talamanca montane Myrsine pittieri-Quercus
costaricensis forests just below timber line.
Publicación No.: 047 Phytogeography of the páramo flora of Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica
[Fitogeografía de la flora del páramo de la Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica] / Cleef, A.M.; ChaverriPolini, A.; Balslev, H, (ed.); Luteyn, James Leonard, (ed.). (Universiteit van Amsterdam. Institute for
biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), P.O. Box 94062, 1090 GB, Amsterdam, NL <E-mail:
[email protected]> <E-mail: [email protected]> <E-mail: [email protected]>).
In: Páramo: an Andean ecosystem under human influence London: Academic Press, 1992. p. 45-60.
ISBN: 0-12-4600442-0.
One hundred-fifty indigenous vascular plant genera were recognized in the páramo of the Cordillera de
Talamanca, Costa Rica. Seven geographic flora elements were distinguished, viz., páramo (with 4% of the
genera), neotropical-montane (25%), wide tropical (7%), holartic (15%), austral-antarctic (14%), wide
temperate (24%), and cosmopolitan (11%). This subdivision was compared with those of the Colombian
páramos. The larger proportion of the temperate component in Costa Rica may be attributed to a more
northern geographical position of the country.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S7634. 574.52621 P222. Biblioteca Carlos Monge A.: 574.526.21 P222p.
Publicación No.: 048 Species richness and geographical distribution of montane pteridophytes of
Costa Rica, Central America [Riqueza de especies y distribución geográfica de pteridófitas de montaña
Octubre 2011
de Costa Rica, Centroamérica] / Mehltreter, K. (Universität Ulm. Abteilung Spezielle Botanik (Biologie V),
D-89081 Ulm, DE <E-mail: [email protected]>).
In: Feddes Repertorium (ISSN 0014-8962), v. 106, no. 5/8, p. 563-584. 1995.
A list of 342 montane pteridophyte species of Central America, occurring at elevations higher than 2500
m a.s.l. is presented, including their geographical and altitudinal distribution. For Costa Rica a total of
1099 species are registered, but only 282 species occur in the higher montane area. More than 50% of
the montane species have a wide altitudinal distribution and can be found at 1000 m and even below.
Only 56 species are restricted to the montane area, 22 of which are endemic. The altitudinal distribution
for Costa Rica shows the strongest regression of species at 3000 to 3400 m, representing the timberline. Of the 25 montane pteridophyte families the Polypodiaceae, Adiantaceae, Hymenophyllaceae,
Lomariopsidaceae, Lycopodiaceae, Aspleniaceae and Dryopteridaceae are contributing 70% of the
species. At the genetic level the most frequent ones are Grammitis (31 spec.), Elaphoglossum (29 spec.),
Lycopodium (28 spec.), Hymenophyllum (17 spec.), Asplenium (13 spec.), Polypodium (13 spec.) and
Thelypteris (12 spec.). Highest species richness was found in the 'Cordillera de Talamanca' and on the
'Barva' volcano. For this volcano 104 species were observed on an area of only 19 km² in the last 45
years. Many of the species of older collections (before 1950) were not found again, indicating the
influence of human activities.
Publicación No.: 049 Additions to the hepatic flora of Costa Rica [Adición a la flora de hepáticas de
Costa Rica] / Gradstein, Stephan Robbert.; Lücking, Andrea.; Morales-Zürcher, María Isabel.; DauphinLópez, Gregorio. (Universität GÖttingen. Albrecht-von-Haller Institute für Pflanzenwissenschaften,
Abteilung Systematische Botanik, Untere Karspüle 2, D-37073 Göttingen, DE <E-mail: [email protected]>
<E-mail:
[email protected]>
<E-mail:
[email protected]>
<E-mail:
In: Lindbergia (ISSN 0105-0761), v. 19, no. 2/3, p. 73-86. 1994.
Ninety species of hepatics are newly reported from Costa Rica, including 35 which were previously
unknown from Central America. Notes on the geographical distribution and habitats of the species are
provided. The Costa Rican hepatic flora is a rich one with 490 species recorded. About 7% are temperate
immigrants and subcosmopolitan species. 33.5% are species with limited ranges in tropical America and
the remainder is widespread tropical taxa. Andean species (17%) abound in the mountains and often
reach their northermost limit in Costa Rica. A few Chocó species occurring in southern Puntarenas
should be considered endangered taxa. Endemism in Costa Rican hepatics is low (2.5%).
Publicación No.: 050 Holocene fires in Costa Rica [Incendios del Holoceno en Costa Rica] / Horn, Sally P.;
Sanford, Robert L., Jr. (The University of Tennessee. Department of Geography, 304 Burchfiel Geography
Building, Knoxville, TN 37996-09251420, US <E-mail: [email protected]> <E-mail: [email protected]>).
In: Biotropica (ISSN 0006-3606), v. 24, no. 3, p. 354-361. 1992.
Charcoal fragments in soils and sediments document Holocene fires in the rain forests of La Selva
Biological Station in the northern Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica, and in the páramo surrounding
Cerro Chirripó in the Cordillera de Talamanca. Radiocarbon determinations on soil charcoal from La
Selva and charcoal-rich lake sediment from Chirripó cluster at 2430 yr B.P. and at 1110-1180 yr B.P.;
dates in each cluster are coeval, suggesting that the rain forest and páramo fires occurred at similar
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times. Fires at La Selva were likely set by human activity but may have spread into intact rain forest
during exceptionally dry periods; fires at Chirripó were set by people or lightning during what may have
been lower lake stands. The drought periods suggested by our charcoal samples may have been
associated with short-term atmospheric anomalies such as El Niño, or with longer-term shifts in climate.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S1406. LS; NBINA-3536.
Publicación No.: 051 The Ichneumonidae of Costa Rica. 1: Introduction, keys to subfamilies, and keys
to the species of the lower pimpliform subfamilies Rhyssinae, Pimplinae, Poemeniinae, Acaenitiinae
and Cyllocerinae [Los Ichneumonidae de Costa Rica. 1: Introducción, claves para las subfamilias y claves
para las especies de las subfamilias pimpliforme menores Rhyssinae, Pimplinae, Poemeniinae,
Acaenitiinae y Cyllocerinae] / Gauld, Ian D. (The Natural History Museum. Department of Entomology,
London SW7 5BD, GB <E-mail: [email protected]>).
In: Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute (ISSN 0065-8162), v. 47, p. 1-589. 1991.
Illustrated keys are provided for the identification of the 25 subfamilies of Ichneumonidae present in
Central America - here defined as countries south of Mexico and north of Colombia. The systematic
position of the Ichneumonidae within the Hymenoptera is outlined, and a brief discussion of the
evolutionary biology of the family is presented. Synopses of the biology of all the subfamilies are given.
The 161 species of the lower pimpliform subfamilies - Rhyssinae, Pimplinae, Poemeniinae, Acaenitinae
and Cylloceriinae - that occur in Costa Rica are keyed. Previously known genera and species are
redescribed, and Nomosphecia and Leptopimpla are recorded from the New World for the first time.
Four new Costa Rican genera are described; Umanella, Ticapimpla and Flacopimpla, in the Pimplinae,
and Rodrigama in the Poemeniinae, and 118 new Costa Rican species are described. Information is given
about the distribution, habitat preference and host ranges of the species. Faunal comparisons are made
between different sites in Costa Rica; sites below 2000 m are found to have considerable species
overlaps, whilst sites above this altitude resemble each other but share very few species with lower
altitude sites. The lower pimpliform fauna of Costa Rica is briefly compared with those of some other
tropical and temperate countries; tropical areas tend to have proportionally fewer species that attack
deeply concealed hosts and more that parasitize weakly concealed ones than do temperate regions.
Sites in Costa Rica are shown to have a greater species-richness than comparable sites in temperate
regions.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: 595.79 G269i:CRO. LS.
Publicación No.: 052 Timing of deglaciation in the Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica [Edad de la
deglaciación en la Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica] / Horn, Sally P. (The University of Tennessee.
In: Climate Research (ISSN 0936-577X), v. 1, p. 81-83. 1990.
Radiocarbon analyses of lake sediments from the Chirripó massif of Costa Rica indicate that glaciers last
retreated about 10 000 yr Bp. The 2 moraine complexes recognized on the massif apparently predate
the M III advance on the volcanoes of central Mexico.
Publicación No.: 053 Comparación del peso de diferentes tipos de plumas entre cinco especies de aves
del páramo de Chirripó [Comparison of weight in several types of feather among five bird species of the
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Chirripó páramo, Costa Rica] / Barrantes-Montero, Gilbert. (Universidad de Costa Rica. Escuela de
Biología, Museo de Zoología, San José, CR <E-mail: [email protected]>).
In: Revista de Biología Tropical (ISSN 0034-7744), v. 41, Fasc. 3, p. 901-903. 1993.
Plumage weight was compared in highland and wide-range bird species (N=18 weight samples): Sooty
Robin (Turdus nigrescens), Rufous-collared Sparrow (Zonotrichia capensis), Volcano Junco (Junco
vulcani), Slaty Flowerpiercer (Diglossa plumbea), and Volcano Hummingbird (Selasphorus flammula)
captured at the Chirripó Páramo (August 1986). Relative plumage weight was not clearly related with
body weight for any feather type. The relative plumage weight was heigher in the highland species.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: R.
Publicación No.: 054 Vegetation recovery after the 1976 páramo fire in Chirripó National Park, Costa
Rica [Recuperación de la vegetación después del incendio del páramo en 1976 en el Parque Nacional
Chirripó, Costa Rica] / Horn, Sally P. (The University of Tennessee. Department of Geography, 304
Burchfiel Geography Building, Knoxville, TN 37996-09251420, US <E-mail: [email protected]>).
In: Revista de Biología Tropical (ISSN 0034-7744), v. 38, no. 2A, p. 267-275. 1990.
In 1976, a major fire swept through the bamboo- and shrub-dominated páramo of Chirripó National
Park, Costa Rica. Dire predictions of irreversible damage made at the time of the fire seem not to have
been realized. A survey in 1985 revealed that the vegetation is recovering, although at a slow pace.
Differing responses to fire among the major woody perennials have led to shifts in species composition,
most notably an increase in the importance of the bamboo Swallenochloa subtessellata and the shrub
Vaccinium consanguineum at the expense of the shrub Hypericum irazuense. S. subtessellata had
approximately regained its average prefire adult stature of 1 m after 9 years of regeneration, but there
were still large patches of uncolonized ground within the study site. Historical and fossil evidence
reveals that the 1976 fire was part of a long series of fires on the Chirripó massif.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: R; NBINA-9092.
Publicación No.: 055 Methods of interpreting climatological conditions based on phytomorphological
characteristics in the cordilleras of the neotropics [Métodos de interpretación de las condiciones
climáticas con base en las las características fitomorfológicas en las cordilleras de los neotrópicos] /
Richter, M. In: Plant Research and Development (ISSN 0340-2843), v. 36, p. 89-114. 1992.
Symmorphological evaluations offer basic material for interpreting climatological conditions in the high
mountains of the Neotropics between Mexico and Northern Chile. This method may facilitate agroecological planning and advising for regions without climatological data. Combined methods including
analysis of leaf size, leaf consistence and life forms show the principles of climatological indication by
phytomorphological characteristics (Figs. 2, 3, 5 and 6). On the other hand, especially the degree of
scleromorphy is only of limited interpretational value; moreover, the field work within this concept is
strenuous and is practicable only in untouched regions. For application-orientated 'quick examinations'
efficiency is too low. The size-analysis method of leaves of the Melastomataceae (Figs. 7 and 8) is more
efficient and much easier. Within their area of distribution (less than six months of aridity) they show a
high degree of precision with regard to the hygro-situation. Investigations of epiphyte-patterns on
branches of solitary or small groups of trees are of additional importance in densely cultivated and also
drier regions (Fig. 10). Of lower interpretational value are the abundant lichens, many mosses and some
ferns. More suitable for hygrothermic interpretation are stands with special families (Piperaceae and
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climbing Araceae) and, even better, forms within families (Bromelias and Orchids). Developing
guidelines for the climate-ecological part in projects of colonization was the primary objective. However,
a secondary result was the modification of the climatological law of the existence of 'a clearly defined
belt of maximum precipitation'. For example in deeply eroded mountain regions humidity differs
considerably (Fig. 9). Especially these small mesoclimatic patterns are easily detected using the concept
discussed.
Publicación No.: 056 Checklist of plants of Cerro de la Muerte and other Costa Rican páramos and
adjacent forests (Cryptogams excluded) [Lista de plantas del Cerro de la Muerte, otros páramos
costarricenses y bosques adyacentes (excluye las criptógamas)] / Gómez-Pignataro, Luis Diego.
(Academia Nacional de Ciencias y Organización para Estudios Tropicales, Apdo. 676-2050, San Pedro de
Montes de Oca, CR <E-mail: [email protected]>). San Vito, Coto Brus: Organization for Tropical
Studies. Las Cruces Biological Station, 1994. 21 p.
(No abstract).
Localización: Biblioteca OET: DOC 2557; NBINA-3084.
Publicación No.: 057 Jessea and Talamancalia, two new genera of the Senecioneae (Asteraceae) from
Costa Rica and Panama [Jessea y Talamancalia, dos nuevos géneros de las Senecioneae (Asteraceae) de
Costa Rica y Panamá] / Robinson, Harold E.; Cuatrecasas-Arumí, José. (National Museum of Natural
History. Smithsonian Institution, Department of Botany, Washington, D.C. 20560, US).
Two new genera from Costa Rica and Panama, Jessea and Talamancalia, are described. Both genera
have elongate corolla lobes, styles with paired stigmatic lines and narrowly rounded penicillate-haired
tips, small papillose cells on the achene surface, and neither has tails on the anthers. Jessea has a
spiciferous receptacle and carpopodia with many rows of cells. Jessea includes Senecio cooperi, S.
megaphyllus, and S. multivenius, with the last as type; the appropriate new combinations are made
herein. Talamancalia has mucilage hairs on the achene and carpopodia nearly obsolete. The genus
includes Talamancalia boquetensis (Standley) H. Robinson & J. Cuatrecasas and the new species, T.
westonii, with the latter as type.
Publicación No.: 058 Epiphytes and climate change research in the Caribbean: A proposal
[Investigaciones sobre epífitas y cambio climático en el caribe: Una propuesta] / Lugo, Ariel E.; Scatena,
Frederick N. (Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station,
Call Box 25000, Río Piedras 00928-2500, PR <E-mail: [email protected]>).
In: Selbyana (ISSN 0361-185X), v. 13, p. 123-130. 1992.
The purpose of this paper is to call attention to the importance of epiphytes in understanding how
global atmospheric changes impact tropical forests. The Luquillo Experimental Forest (LEF), like other
peaks in the Caribbean, intercepts at least five major global weather systems: (1) trade winds originating
in the Azores; (2) tropical depressions and hurricanes originating in western Africa; (3) northern cold
fronts originating in the polar regions of North America; and systems originating (4) in the Pacific and (5)
the Amazon basin. Each of these "global airsheds" has a particular return frequency, associated
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temperature and climatic conditions, and different chemical conditions in rain and cloud water.
Epiphytes are the organisms with the closest interactions with these systems because they absorb water
and nutrients directly from the atmosphere and their metabolism responds to prevailing conditions
associated with each airshed. In order to detect effects of global change on epiphyte communities, ir will
be necessary to build a long-term quantitative record of ecological information of these organisms. In
this paper, we review the information available for the LEF and outline our proposed program to
measure ecosystems effects of global change via elpiphytic communities. Our focus will be on biomass
accumulation, nutrient uptake, and hydrological fluxes.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S3068. LC. Biblioteca Luis D. Tinoco: 581S.
Publicación No.: 059 Cloud forest archipielagos: Preservation of frangmented montane ecosystems in
tropical America [Archipiélagos de bosques nubosos: Preservación de ecosistemas montanos
fragmentados en la América tropical] / Vázquez-García, J.A.; Hamilton, Lawrence S, (ed.); Juvik, J.O,
(ed.); Scatena, Frederick N, (ed.). (<E-mail: [email protected]> ).
In: Tropical montane cloud forests New York: Springer-Verlag New York Inc, 1995. p. 315-332. ISBN: 0387-94323-4.
The uniqueness of and relationships among tropical montane cloud forests (TMCFs) in tropical America
discussed here at three different scales should have direct implications in defining priorities and
strategies for conservation within the context of island biogeography. I emphasize the importance of
establishing regional, provincial, and local archipielago preserves as an approach that can best represent
the natural distribution and heterogeneity of TMCFs in northern neotropics. However, further analytical
work is recommended to refine our understanding of endemism and relationships among neotropical
TMCFs, especially at the local and provincial scale. In addition, the geographical fragmentation and
inherent biological interest of TMCFs make them idially suited to conduct relevant evolutionary and
biogeographical research. In the meantime, these ecosystems deserve an inmediate but effective
protection.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S3085. 574.52642 T856.
Publicación No.: 060 Las comunidades vegetacionales en los páramos de los macizos del Chirripó y
Buena Vista, Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica [Vegetation communities in the páramos at the
Chirripó and Buena Vista Montains, Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica] / Chaverri-Polini, Adelaida.;
Cleef, A.M. (Universidad Nacional. Escuela de Ciencias Ambientales; Programa ECOMA; Apdo. 86-3000,
Heredia, CR <E-mail: [email protected]>).
In: Revista Forestal Centroamericana (ISSN 1021-0164), no. 17, p. 44-49. 1996.
The páramo floristic community of Chirripó and Buenavista, Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica is
described floristically, including the most common physical factor affecting it. Descriptions of the
páramo communities were based on 62 rellevées established in the Chirripó and Buena Vista (Cerro de
la Muerte) massifs, following methodology of Zürich-Montpellier school, modified by Cleef. Páramo
vegetation was subdivided into two belts! subpáramo and grass páramo. The communities were
classified into zonal and azonal. Three zonal communities were described for the subpáramo and four
for the grass páramo. These are classified into hydric and xeric communities. The importance of páramo
vegetation conservation was briefly discussed.
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Publicación No.: 061 Physical and chemical properties of Costa Rican lakes [Propiedades físicas y
químicas de lagos costarricenses] / Horn, Sally P.; Haberyan, K.A. (The University of Tennessee.
Department of Geography, 304 Burchfiel Geography Building, Knoxville, TN 37996-09251420, US <Email: [email protected]> <E-mail: [email protected]>).
In: National Geographic Research and Exploration (ISSN 8755-724X), v. 9, no. 1, p. 86-103. 1993. Volcanic
eruptions, landslides, rivers, glaciers, and human activity in Costa Rica have formed hundreds of lakes.
We surveyed 30 natural and artificial lakes ranging in elevation from near sea level to 3520 m. All are
fresh (mean alkalinity, 62 ppm CaCO3; standard deviation, 55) and circumneutral in pH (mean, 6.5±1.3),
regardless of location or elevation; the strongest correlate with elevation was temperature. Nationwide,
lake chemistries show low diversity, but we found that neighboring lakes can be surprisingly different in
physical structure and chemistry, even when similar in morphology and setting. Ten lakes, all below
1700 m, were stratified, albeit weakly; all are fairly deep or well-protected from wind. These 10 lakes are
probably oligomictic, although 1 of them (Laguna Río Cuarto) tends towards meromixis. Most lakes in
Costa Rica are probably polymctic.
Publicación No.: 062 Zonificación altitudinal del Parque Nacional Chirripó, Cordillera de Talamanca,
Costa Rica / Kappelle, Maarten. (Utrecht University. Copernicus Institute for Sustainable Development
and Innovation, Department of Science, Technology and Society, Padualaan 14, 3584 CH Utrecht, NL <Email: [email protected]>). V Congreso Latinoamericano de Botánica; Resúmenes, La Habana,
Palacio de las Convenciones CU24-29 de junio, 1990. , 1990. p. 149-150.
El Parque Nacional Chirripó, en Costa Rica, forma parte de la Reserva de la Biosfera La Amistad y tiene
una superficie de 50 150 ha. Aquí se encuentran el pico más alto (3 819 msnm) y el páramo más extenso
de Centroamérica. La zonificación altitudinal de la vegetación y los suelos de las vertientes Pacífica (muy
húmeda) y Atlántica (pluvial) fue estudiada a lo largo de dos transectos altitudinales con dirección SONE, cubriendo el rango altitudinal de 2 000 a 3 500 msnm. Se distinguieron tres zonas altitudinales y dos
zonas de transición; el Páramo, una transición, el Bosque Tropical Montano, una transición y el Bosque
Tropical Sub-Montano (Bosque Tropical Montano Bajo, según Holdridge). El Páramo, entre 3 100 y 3 500
msnm, está dominado por el bambú Chusquea (Swallenochioa) hasta 2 m de altura) y familias como
Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae y Rosaceae, acompañado por Arcytophyllum, Blechum (arborescente),
Clethra, Comarostaphylis (Arctostaphylos), Diplotephium, Escallonia, Gaiadendron, Macleania,
Myrrhidendron, Myrsine (Rapanea), Pernettya, Pentacalia, Puya, Senecio, Ugni y Vaccinium. El Bosque
Montano (2 200/2 400 - 3 100/3 400 msnm) está dominado por tres especies de Quercus en el dosel
(hasta alrededor de 40 m) y varias especies de Chusquea en el sotobosque (altura máxima: 6 m).
Géneros arbóreos de importancia son Ardisia, Cleyera, Clusia, Dydymopanax, Drimys, Grammadenia
(Rapanea), Ilex, Magnolia, Miconia, Nectandra, Ocotea, Oreopanax, Persea, Phoebe, Podocarpus,
Prunus, Rhamus, Saurauia, Styrax, Symplocos, Vaccinium, Viburnum, Weinmannia y Zanthoxylum.
Abundantes son arbustos de Ericaceae, Rubiaceae, Solanaceae y helechos arborescentes (Cyatheaceae,
Dicksoniaceae) y palmas enanas (Geonoma). El Bosque Sub-Montano, entre 2 000 y 2 400 msnm se
caracteriza por la ausencia de especies dominantes. Quercus está entremezclada con Lauraceae (Aiouea,
Nectandra, Ocotea, Persea, Phoebe) y géneros como Alchornea, Billia, Clusia, Croton, Dendropanax,
Eugenia, Guarea, Guatteria, Inga, Landenbergia, Lippia, Lozania, Meliosma, Miconia, Microtropis,
Mollinedia, Parathesis, Rondeletia, Roupala, Symplocos, Tovomitopsis, Trichilia, Turpinia, Weinmannia y
Xylosma. El sotobosque se compone de Chusquea, palmas (Chamaedorea, Geonoma, Prestoea),
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Araceae, Gesneriaceae, Musaceae y Rubiaceae. Resulta factible definir adecuadamente cada zona
altitudinal florísticamente. Se nota diferencia en la fisionomía y la composición de cada vertiente.
Además hay gran afinidad de los bosques de Chirripó con los bosques (selvas) equivalentes de los Andes
colombianos.
Publicación No.: 063 Altitudinal zonation of montane Quercus forests along two transects in Chirripó
National Park, Costa Rica [Zonificación altitudinal de los robledales montanos a lo largo de dos
transectos en el Parque Nacional Chirripó] / Kappelle, Maarten.; van Uffelen, J.G.; Cleef, A.M. (Utrecht
University. Copernicus Institute for Sustainable Development and Innovation, Department of Science,
Technology and Society, Padualaan 14, 3584 CH Utrecht, NL <E-mail: [email protected]> <E-mail:
In: Vegetatio (ISSN 0042-3106), v. 119, p. 119-153. 1995.
Abiotic and vegetation data were collected along two altitudinal transects through montane Quercus
forests on the Pacific and Atlantic slopes of Costa Rica's Chirripó Massif. Between 2 000 and 3 200 masl
twenty-four 0.05 ha forest plots were selected at altitudinal intervals of 100 m, and eight soil profiles
were described at intervals of 200 m; a TWINSPAN classification, aided in the determination of eight
zonal forest communities on the basis of their floristic composition. They are grouped in two sets of
four: (i) the palm-rich lauraceous-fagaceous Lower Montane Mollinedia-Quercus Forests (2 000-2 600
masl) and (ii) the bamboo-rich myrsinaceous-fagaceous Upper Montane Schefflera-Quercus Forests (2
500-3 200 m asl), respectively. Vegetation changes seem correlated with two major climatic gradients:
(i) a temperature gradient (altitude), and (ii) a moisture gradient (wet Atlantic vs. moist Pacific slope).
Most soils are Andepts, and residual, colluvial or derived from volcanic material. Humus layers are ticker
on the wetter Atlantic slope. A total of 431 vascular plant species consisted of 86 pteridophytes, 1
gymnosperm, 296 dicots and 48 monocots. Species richness, canopy height and stem diameter decrease
with increasing altitude, while the canopy surface becomes more flattened. A comparison with other
studies shows that Chirripó's montane Quercus forests fit within the environmental ranges known from
altitudinal zonations elsewhere in the tropics.
Publicación No.: 064 Ecología: una introducción práctica / Monge-Nájera, Julián.; Chaves, R.
(Universidad de Costa Rica. Revista de Biología Tropical, San José, CR <E-mail:
[email protected]>). San José: Editorial de la Universidad de Costa Rica, 1995. 245 p. ISBN: 997767-289-X.
El ecólogo Julián Monge Nájera nos introduce en el tema de la ecología aplicada, mediante sencillas
prácticas que cualquiera puede hacer en su casa, la escuela, el colegio, etc. Cada práctica viene
acompañada -en lenguaje cotidiano- del importante concepto ecológico que ilustra, y ejemplifica con
especies de nuestra tierra. TABLA DE CONTENIDO: Introducción práctica a la ecología de la Nave Espacial
Tierra. 1. Un mensaje asombroso de hace doce mil años. 2. Algunos tesoros de las reservas naturales
costarricenses: Refugio Rafael Lucas Rodríguez, Refugio Ostional, Parque Nacional Corcovado, Parque
Nacional Cahuita, Parque Nacional Chirripó. El ecosistema: 1. Organismos más ambiente. 2. La variedad.
3. Espacio para todos: el equilibrio. 4. Luz, calor, aire, agua y suelo. 5. Los factores bióticos: Otros seres
vivos. Las relaciones dentro del ecosistema: 1. Un lugar donde vivir: el hábitat. 2. Algo que hacer: el
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nicho. 3. Cadenas y pirámides. 4. Pequeñas y grandes luchas. Los seres vivos en el ecosistema: 1. Las
pblaciones: grupos de individuos. 2. La comunidad: poblaciones relacionadas. 3. Biomas, zonas de vida y
formaciones vegetales. 4. Ecosfera: La Nave Espacial Tierra. Las alteraciones en el ecosistema: 1. Las
alteraciones naturales: efectos limitados. 2. La contaminación: No es inevitable envenenar el mundo. 3.
La deforestación: ¿Hay espacio para el bosque? 4. La extinción: Nosotros también perdemos. Los
ecosistemas artificiales: 1. Los campos de cultivo o agroecosistemas. 2. Las ciudades: ecosistemas
calientes. 3. Despedida: El futuro de los ecosistemas. Algunos ecólogos costarricenses. Las reservas
naturales de Costa Rica.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: 574.5 M743e.
Publicación No.: 065 Áreas de conservación y sus parques nacionales: división por cantones y distritos
/ Castro-Moraga, B. (Asociación Preservacionista de Flora y Fauna Silvestre, Apdo. Postal 2106-1002
Paseo Estudiantes, San José, CR <Fax: 223-0851>). San José: B. Castro Moraga, 1996. 55 p. ISBN: 997712-219-9.
Nuestro mayor anhelo es que los costarricenses sepan valorar su tierra para que las futuras
generaciones reconozcan nuestro esfuerzo y así legarles nuestro mensaje. Un Área de Conservación es
el resultado de una series de Parques Nacionales unidos en conjunto, en total existen en Costa Rica
nueve Áreas de Conservación. Ejemplo: Área de Conservación Guanacaste). En esta Área encontramos el
Parque Nacional Santa Rosa, Parque Nacional Rincón de la Vieja, Parque Nacional Guanacaste; como
puede observarse en esta Área existen tres Parques Nacionales, y están ubicados en el Área de
Conservación Guanacaste. En el país podemos contar con nueve Áreas de Conservación, cada Área tiene
su propio mapa, al dorso usted puede ubicar los Parques con sus respectivos nombres. En este estudio
está incluido también el mapa de Costa Rica, con sus respectivas divisiones por cantones y distritos.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S10469. Biblioteca Luis D. Tinoco: 333.7 C355a.
Publicación No.: 066 Costa Rica, un paraíso natural: guía didáctica audiovisual / Brenes-Rojas, M.C.;
Rojas-González, C.M.; Díaz, H, (ill.). / Instituto Centroamericano para la Educación Audiovisual, Apdo.
1721-2100, San José, CR Fax (606)253-5911. San José: Instituto Centroamericano para la Educación
Audiovisual, 1996. 104 p y vídeo cassette VHS (52 min.). ISBN: 9968-9803-0-7.
Esta guía para el docente, elaborada como parte del programa de ciencias y estudios sociales del II, III y
IV ciclos de la educación diversificada de Costa Rica, se complementa con un vídeo cassette para dirigir
su observación y preguntas sobre cada una de los tópicos tratados. Contiene 42 temas escogidos para
aprender de manera individual o en grupo, entre ellos: Costa Rica, puente biológico. El valor de los
bosques. La vida del mar. La Isla del Coco. Los manglares. Bosque tropical seco. Volcanes: fuerza de la
naturaleza. Talamanca: techo del universo tropical costarricense. Otros temas estudiados son los
siguientes: 1. Recomendaciones para observar el vídeo. 2. La comunidad y la naturaleza. 3. Los parques
nacionales. 4. Las áreas de conservación. 5. Las reservas biológicas. 6. El ecosistema. 7. ¿Cómo funcionan
los ecosistemas en los parques nacionales? 8. El modelado terrestre. 9. El origen geológico de Costa Rica
y su biodiversidad. 10. Las estructuras volcánicas de Costa Rica. 11. Fundamentación legal de los parques
nacionales. 12. Parque Nacional Santa Rosa: escenario histórico y natural. 13. Parque Nacional Isla del
Coco: sitio frecuentado por piratas. 14. Aspectos por considerar.
Localización: Biblioteca José Figueres F.: 507 C8375c.
Octubre 2011
Publicación No.: 067 Twelve new species of Elaphoglossum (Elaphoglossaceae) from Costa Rica and
Panama [Doce nuevas especies de Elaphoglossum (Elaphoglossaceae) de Costa Rica y Panama] / RojasAlvarado, Alexander Francisco. (Universidad de Costa Rica. Jardín Botánico Lankester, Apdo. 1031-7050,
Cartago, CR <E-mail: [email protected]>).
Elaphoglossum barnebyianum, E. bittneri, E. ciliatosquama, E. gomezianum, E. herrerae, E.
macrostandleyi, E. mickelianum, E. moralesii, E. nigrosquama, E. orosiense, E. squamatum and E.
talamancanum are described and illustrated. The rich flora of Costa Rica and Panama with great
variation among the species of Elaphoglossum will increase the number of species reported in Flora
Mesoamericana.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: B; NBINA-7870.
Publicación No.: 068 Regeneración temprana de Chusquea tomentosa (Bambusoideae-Poaceae) en
Talamanca, Costa Rica [Early regeneration of Chusquea tomentosa (Bambusoideae-Poaceae) in
Talamanca, Costa Rica] / Grau, H.R.; Rivera-Ospina, D. (Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Laboratorio
de Investigaciones Ecológicas los Yungas (LIEY), casilla de correo 34, 4107 Yerba Buena, Tucumán, AR <Email: [email protected]>).
In: Revista de Biología Tropical (ISSN 0034-7744), v. 45, no. 1B, p. 691-692. 1997.
Se estudió Chusquea tomentosa en un robledal de la Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica (a 2600-2900
msnm). Esta es una de las especies de bambúes que dominan el sotobosque del área y que florecieron y
murieron masivamente en 1989-90. En enero y noviembre de 1992 se censaron plántulas vivas y
muertas. La lenta recuperación implicaría que los efectos ecológicos derivados de la ausencia temporal
de la especie pueden prolongarse por varios años. La alta mortalidad, poca longevidad de semillas y baja
eficiencia de dispersión hacen de este período del ciclo vital un momento de alta susceptibilidad en el
que condiciones desfavorables como sequías o pastoreo pueden provocar desapariciones locales como
las observadas por Pohl (1991) produciendo una importante alteración por décadas en el
funcionamiento donde Chusquea es importante.
Publicación No.: 069 Additions and corrections to the knowledge of the foliicolous lichen flora of Costa
Rica. The genus Fellhanera, with notes on Bacidia pauciseptata [Adición y correcciones a la liquenoflora
foliícola de Costa Rica. El género Fellhanera, con apuntes sobre Bacidia pauciseptata] / Lücking, Robert.
(Universität Bayreuth. Lehrstuhl für Pflanzensystematic, D-95447 Bayreuth, DE <E-mail:
In: Tropical Bryology (ISSN 0935-5626), v. 13, p. 141-173. 1997.
This further contribution to the knowledge of the foliicolous flora of Costa Rica provides a detailed
account on the genus Fellhanera. In total, 25 species and five undescribed taxa are treated. en species
are described as new: Fellhanera angustispora sp.n., F. dictyospora sp.n., F. dispersa sp.n., F. emarginata
sp.n., F. pilomarginata sp.n. New combinations are F. pauciseptata (R. Sant.) R. Lücking com (Bas.:
Bacidia pauciseptata R. Sant.) and F. rubida (Müll. Arg.) R. Lücking comb.n. (Bas.: Patellaria rubida Müll.
Arg.), F. dominicana (Vain.) Vezda is placed into synonymy with F. fuscatula (Müll. Arg.) Vezda, whose
type has 7-septate ascospores, and the name F. subfuscatula R. Lücking sp.n. is introduced for the taxon
with 5-septate ascospores formerly known as F. fucatula, F. misionensis Ferraro & Lücking ined. and F.
sublecanorina (Nyl.) Vezda are reported for the first time from Costa Rica. The formerly invalidly
Octubre 2011
published names F. farinosa nom. nud. and F. pilosa nom. nud. are considered to be synonyms of F.
fuscatula (Müll. Arg.) Vezda and F. rhapidophylli (Rehm) Vezda, respectively. Specimens identified as F.
tuckeri nom. nud. belong to F. rhapidophylli as well. F. buxi is excluded from the foliicolous lichen flora
of Costa Rica. A keys is provided to the complex group of species of Fellhanera with brownish apothecia
and 3-septate ascospores. Infrageneric relationships within Fellhanera are briefly discussed, and notes
on the ecology of the species are provided.
Publicación No.: 070 Biogeografía y ecología de los pteridófitos de las montañas altas de Costa Rica /
Mehltreter, K.; Lücking, Andrea, (ed.); Winkler, J, (ed.); Lücking, Robert, (ed.). (Universität Ulm.
Abteilung Spezielle Botanik (Biologie V), D-89081 Ulm, DE <E-mail: [email protected]>).
In: 10 Años del Convenio entre la Universidad de Costa Rica y la Universidad de Ulm. 1987-1997.
Resúmenes de Trabajos Científicos Realizados por los Participantes. Programa IAS del Servicio Alemán
de Intercambio Académico Ulm: Ulm Universität, 1995. s.p. Dissertation, Dr. rer. nat., Fakultät für
Naturwissenschaften, Universität Ulm, Ulm (Germany).
A list of 342 montane pteridophyte species of Central America, occurring at elevations higher than 2500
m a.s.l. is presented, including their geographical and altitudinal distribution. For Costa Rica a total of
1099 species are registered, but only 282 species occur in the higher montane area. More than 50% of
the montane species have a wide altitudinal distribution and can be found at 1000 m and even below.
Only 56 species are restricted to the montane area, 22 of which are endemic. The altitudinal distribution
for Costa Rica shows the strongest regression of species at 3000 to 3400 m, representing the timberline. Of the 25 montane pteridophyte families the Polypodiaceae, Adiantaceae, Hymenophyllaceae,
Lomariopsidaceae, Lycopodiaceae, Aspleniaceae and Dryopteridaceae are contributing 70% of the
species. At the genetic level the most frequent ones are Grammitis (31 spec.), Elaphoglossum (29 spec.),
Lycopodium (28 spec.), Hymenophyllum (17 spec.), Asplenium (13 spec.), Polypodium (13 spec.) and
Thelypteris (12 spec.). Highest species richness was found in the 'Cordillera de Talamanca' and on the
'Barva' volcano. For this volcano 104 species were observed on an area of only 19 km² in the last 45
years. Many of the species of older collections (before 1950) were not found again, indicating the
influence of human activities. The revision for Costa Rica results in a total of 1099 pteridophyte species,
and 26% endemic.
Publicación No.: 071 Life history of some Chusquea species in old-growth oak forest in Costa Rica
[Ciclo de vida de algunas especies de Chusquea en bosques de roble maduros en Costa Rica] / Widmer,
Y.; Chapman, G.P, (ed.). (Geobotanisches Institut ETHZ, Zurichbergstrasse 38, 8044 Zurich, CH <E-mail:
In: The Bamboos London: Academic Press, 1997. p. 17-31. (Linnean Society Symposium Series; no. 19).
ISBN: 0-12-168555-1.
Most of the species of the genus Chusquea in Costa Rica are understory components of high-mountain
Quercus forests. The highest diversity of Chusquea is found in the Cordillera de Talamanca, where 13
species have been recorded. Detailed studies of three species (Chusquea talamancensis Widmer & L.G.
Clark, C. tomentosa Widmer & L.G. Clark and C. foliosa Clark) show that they exhibit a high degree of
phenotypic plasticity in response to light, reflected primarily in the number of culms produced and the
Octubre 2011
diameter of the culms. Under closed tree canopy the cover of all species is 30-40% and in large tree-fall
gaps it is 85-90%. During the main study period (1987-1990) six species exhibited mass flowering or
were in a phase of regeneration after mast seeding. Observations of Chusquea talamancensis, C.
tomentosa and C. subtilis Widmer & L.G. Clark showed that flowering at population level occurs in
phases and extends over at least 3 years. All parent plants die and are followed by vigorous regeneration
by seed. The influence of Chusquea upon forest dynamics is discussed, concluding that Chusquea
species have the potential to influence the pattern of tree regeneration. In the question of the evolution
of the life cycle of bamboos, it is hypothesized that the forest environment may be a driving force for
the selection of periodic flowering in bamboos.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S6666. Tesis 360.
Publicación No.: 072 Lista preliminar de líquenes foliícolas de las principales áreas protegidas de Costa
Rica [Preliminary checklist of foliicolous lichens of the principal areas of Costa Rica] / Lücking, Robert.
(Universität Bayreuth. Lehrstuhl für Pflanzensystematic, D-95447 Bayreuth, DE <E-mail:
A preliminary checklist of foliicolous lichens of the principal protected areas of Costa Rica is presented.
282 species in 52 genera are involved, distributed among 19 seleted areas of different protection status
(national parks, biological reserves, national wildlife refuges, forest reserves, national monuments and
private protection zones). The following areas are most important for the protection of foliicolous
lichens: Braulio Carrillo National Park, Carara National Park, Chirripó National Park, Cocos Island National
Park, Corcovado National Park, Hitoy Cerere Biological Reserve, La Selva Protection Zone, and
Tortuguero National Park.
Publicación No.: 073 Additions and corrections to the knowledge of the foliicolous lichen flora of Costa
Rica. The genus Trichothelium (lichenized Ascomycetes: Trichotheliaceae) [Adición y correcciones a la
liquenoflora foliícola de Costa Rica. El género Trichothelium (líquenes ascomicetos: Trichotheliaceae)] /
Lücking, Robert. (Universität Bayreuth. Lehrstuhl für Pflanzensystematic, D-95447 Bayreuth, DE <E-mail:
In: Nova Hedwigia (ISSN 0029-5035), v. 66, no. 3-4, p. 375-417. 1998.
The taxonomy of foliicolous members of Trichothelium in Costa Rica is revised. Four new species are
described, viz. T. echinocarpum sp. n., T. pallidesetum sp. n., T. poeltii sp. n., and T. sipmanii sp. n., and
four taxa are reinstated: T. pallescens (Müll. Arg.) F. Schill., T. bipindense F. Schill. (Syn.: T. amazonense
J.L. Bezerra & Cavalc.), T. juruense (P. Henn.) F. Schill., and T. robinsonii Vain., previously included in T.
epiphyllum Müll Arg. s. lat. and T. annulatum (Karst.) R. Sant. s. lat. A new status is proposed for T.
minutum (R. Lücking) R. Lücking comb. n. (Bas.: T. epiphyllum var. minutum R. Lücking). Ecological data
are provided, and interspecific relationships are illustrated. The generic status of Trichothellium is
discussed in the view of recent treatments, and evolutionary relationships in the Trichotheliaceae are
outlined. Two species are excluded from Trichothelium, and the following combinations proposed:
Porina triseptata (Vezda) R. Lücking comb. n. (Bas.: Trichothelium triseptatum Vezda), and Porina rubella
(Malcolm & Vezda) R. Lücking comb. n. (Bas.: Trichothelium rubellum Malcolm & Vezda).
Octubre 2011
Publicación No.: 074 Geographic homogeneity among insect communities in neotropical páramos: a
hypothesis test [Homogeneidad geográfica entre comunidades de insectos en páramos neotropicales:
prueba de una hipótesis] / Barrientos-Llosa, Zaideth.; Monge-Nájera, Julián. (Universidad Nacional.
Escuela
de
Ciencias
Biológicas,
Heredia,
CR
<E-mail:
[email protected]>
<E-mail:
In: Caldasia (ISSN 0366-5232), v. 18, no. 86, p. 49-56. 1995.
Insect communities of several Neotropical páramos were compared using data from the literature and a
sampling conducted at Cerro Chirripo, Costa Rica (9°30'N; 83°30'W, altitude 3450 m). A total of 8000 net
sweeps yielded 144 morphospecies within 16 orders. Diptera was the order with most morphospecies
(70) followed by Hymenoptera (23), Lepidoptera (18) and Coleoptera (15). Groupe inhabiting humid
microhabitats were more diverse. Adult nectarivores, and inmature saprophages, herbivores and
parasites were most abundant. Statistical analyses were unable to reject the hypothesis that the
taxonomic composition is similar among Neotropical páramos.
Publicación No.: 075 A birders guide to Costa Rica [Guía para pajareros en Costa Rica] / Taylor, K. San
José: World Wildlife Fund, 1990. 167 p.
Picture graceful, tall mountains, their tips wreathed in clouds, their slopes enveloped by majestic trees;
imagine sprawling inland valleys of lush green meadows with rushing rivers and arching waterfalls;
aquamarine water lapping glistening beaches; balmy breezes cascading over the stunning plateaus, and
down below the dense jungle whitens in a blanket of mist and steam; conjure up a vision of a population
whose smiles reveal their inner happiness and pride in their land, Costa Rica. Costa Rica, with a land
mass of about 19,700 square miles (comparable with West Virginia's) has produced 855 bird species,
more than all of North America. The avifauna is predominantly Neotropical, with the majority native
species of South American origin and a smaller percentage of Mexican and Northern Central American
origin. More than 8,000 species of higher plants live in this tropical showcase; 1,700 species of Costa
Rican orchids have been classified. Among its 237 species of mammals are three-toed sloths, four
species of monkeys, giant anteaters, tapirs, peccaries, jaguars, and humpback whales. Costa Rica, "The
Switzerland of Central America", is both a tourist's delight and a birders paradise. It is a small, stable
country, with friendly and hospitable people, a prosperous middle class, fine educational system and
good hospitals. There is a high standard of health, and one does not have to worry about sanitation,
food, or water, as in neighbouring countries. (Introduction part).
Localización: Biblioteca del BIODOC: 98.297.286 T238b.
Publicación No.: 076 Generic composition, structure and diversity of secondary forests at Amisconde,
the Pacific slope of the Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica [Composición genérica, estructura y
diversidad de los bosques secundarios en Amisconde, la vertiente del Pacífico de la Cordillera de
Talamanca, Costa Rica] / Hooftman, D.A.P. (University of Zürich. Institute for Environmental Sciences,
Winterturerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, CH <E-mail: [email protected]>).
Most Costa Rican forests have been intensively studied in recent years. One exception is the transition
zone from lowland wet forest to the high elevation Quercus forest belt at the pacific slopes of the
Cordillera de Talamanca. An inventory of secondary forest composition, structure and diversity was
done on a specific slope (1150-2300-m elevation) in the conservation and development project
Octubre 2011
Amisconde. Thirteen plots of 500 m² were evenly spread along an elevation gradient. Specimens were
collected of all woody individuals (> 3 cm DBH), dried, placed in a herbarium of morphospecies and
afterwards identified. In total 90 genera within 49 families were found. The vegetation was separated in
three forest types using TWINSPAN classification. Forest types were elevation based. Elevation and
forest age showed (overall) no correlation with diversity using ANOVA, with the single exception of a
positive correlation of the number of genera and elevation. This was opposite to the negative
correlations mostly found on elevation gradients. The main factors for this positive correlation were the
level of recent disturbance and the distance to primary forest, in combination with forest age.
Publicación No.: 077 A 10,000 year diatom record from a glacial lake in Costa Rica [Registro de una
diatómea de 10.000 años de un lago glacial en Costa Rica] / Haberyan, K.A.; Horn, Sally P. (NW Missouri
State
University.
Department
of
Biology,
Maryville,
MO
64468,
US
<E-mail:
In: Mountain Research and Development (ISSN 0276-4741), v. 19, no. 1, p. 63-68. 1999.
This paper describes the first diatom record from a lake sediment core from Costa Rica.
Publicación No.: 078 Fourteen new species of Elaphoglossum (Elaphoglossaceae) from Mesoamerica
[Catorce nuevas especies de Elaphoglossum (Elaphoglossaceae) de Mesoamérica] / Rojas-Alvarado,
Alexander Francisco. (Universidad de Costa Rica. Jardín Botánico Lankester, Apdo. 1031-7050, Cartago,
CR <E-mail: [email protected]>).
Fourteen new species of Elaphoglossum are described on ths paper from Mesoamerica: E. cedraliense A.
Rojas, E. coto-brusense A. Rojas, E. gaboanum A. Rojas, E. hammelianum A. Rojas, E. longistipitatum A.
Rojas, E. luteum A. Rojas, E. maritzae A. Rojas, E. microproductum A. Rojas, E. nanum A. Rojas, E.
panamense A. Rojas, E. pseudoerinaceum A. Rojas, E. resinosum A. Rojas, E. squamocostatum A. Rojas
and E. tarbacense A. Rojas. Only E. gamboanum A. Rojas and E. squamocostatum A. Rojas are present
outside this region.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: B; NBINA-7865.
Publicación No.: 079 Fire history and fire ecology in the Costa Rican páramos [Historia de incendios y
ecología de incendios en los páramos costarricenses] / Horn, Sally P.; Nodwin, S.C, (ed.); Thomas, A,
(ed.). (The University of Tennessee. Department of Geography, 304 Burchfiel Geography Building,
Knoxville, TN 37996-09251420, US <E-mail: [email protected]>). Proceedings of an International
Symposium, Knoxville, TN, US. March 20-24, 1990.
In: Fire and the environment: ecological and cultural perspectives Ashville, NC: USDA, Forest Service,
Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, 1991. p. 289-296.
The high peaks of the Cordillera de Talamanca in southern Costa Rica extend above timberline and
support bamboo- and shrub-dominated páramo vegetation. The charcoal stratigraphyof sediment cores
from glacial lakes revals that fires set by people or lighting have occurred in the highlands for thousands
of years. Historial sources and field evidence document numerous páramo fires since the mid-century.
During the past 40 years, fire recurrence intervals at specific sites have ranged from 6 to about 30 years.
Patterns of possible vegetation development support the initial floristics model of succession. The
Octubre 2011
dominant bamboo (Chusquea (=Swallenochloa) subtessellata) resprouts vigorously following burning, as
do associated eriaceous shrubs. Hypericum spp. suffer high mortality and recolonize by seed. Slow rates
of growth and colonization by both woody and herbaceous species result in the persistence of bare
patches of ground for a decade or more following burning.
Publicación No.: 080 Nomenclatural notes and a synopsis of the genus Myrsine (Myrsinaceae) in
Mesoamerica [Notas sobre nomenclatura y resumen del género Myrsine (Myrsinaceae) en
Mesoamérica] / Ricketson, J.M.; Pipoly, John J. III. (Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis
MO Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, US <E-mail: [email protected]> <E-mail:
In: SIDA; Contributions to Botany (ISSN 0036-1488), v. 17, p. 579-589. 1997.
The Mesoamerican spp. of this large, pantropical genus was formerly treated under the name Rapanea,
now considered a synonym. This useful contribution provides a key to the seven Mesomerican Myrsine
taxa (six spp., one with two subspp.)- all but one of which occur in Costa Rica-together with complete
synonymy. One new combination is here validated: Myrsine coriacea (Sw.) R. Br. ex Roem. & Schult.
subsp. nigrescens (Lundell) Ricketson & Pipoly, based on M. nigrescens Lundel (type from extreme W
Panama on the Costa Rican border).
Localización: Biblioteca personal de J.F. Morales (INBio).
Publicación No.: 081 Fire management and natural landscapes in the Chirripó páramo, Chirripó
National Park, Costa Rica [Manejo de incendios y paisajes naturales en el páramo del Chirripó, Parque
Nacional Chirripó, Costa Rica] / Horn, Sally P.; Zimmerer, Karl S, (ed.); Young, K.R, (ed.). (The University
of Tennessee. Department of Geography, 304 Burchfiel Geography Building, Knoxville, TN 3799609251420,
US
<E-mail:
[email protected]>
<E-mail:
[email protected]>
<E-mail:
[email protected]>). In: Nature's geography: New lessons for conservation in developing
countries Madison, WI: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1998. p. 125-146. ISBN: 0299159108.
(No abstract).
Publicación No.: 082 An annotated catalogue of the generic names of the Bromeliaceae [Catálogo
comentado de los nombres genéricos de las Bromeliaceae] / Grant, Jason R.; Zulstra, G. (Université de
Neuchâtel. Institut de Botanique, Laboratoire de Phanérogamie, ch. de Chantemerle 18, 2007
Neuchâtel, CH <E-mail: [email protected]> <E-mail: [email protected]>).
In: Selbyana (ISSN 0361-185X), v. 19, no. 1, p. 91-121. 1998.
An annotated catalogue of the generic names of the Bromeliaceae is presented. It accounts for 187
names in six lists: I. Generic names (133), II. Invalid names (7). III. A synonymized checklist of the genera
of the Bromeliaceae (56 accepted genera, and 77 synonyms). IV. Nothogenera (bigeneric hybrids) (41).
V. Invalid nothogenus (1), and VI. Putative fossil genera (5). Comments on nomenclature or taxonomy
are given when necessary to explain problematic issues, and notes on important researchers of the
family are intercaled throughout. The etymological derivation of each name is given, including if named
after a person, a brief remark on their identity. Appended is a chronological list of monographs of the
Bromeliaceae and other works significant to the taxonomy of the family.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S4764. LC. Biblioteca Luis D. Tinoco: 581S.
Octubre 2011
Publicación No.: 083 Silica-scaled Chrysophyceae and Synurophyceae from Costa Rica / Wujek, D.E.;
Clancy, R.E, Jr.; Horn, Sally P. (Central Michigan University. Department of Biology, Mt. Pieasant, MI
48859, US <E-mail: [email protected]> <E-mail: [email protected]>).
Samples were taken from 33 water bodies in Costa Rica. A total of 11 silica-scaled chrysophytes (7
Mallomonas species, and one species each of Synura, Spiniferomonas, Chrysodidymus and
Paraphysomonas) and one taxon of undetermined status (the genus Gyromitus) were identified using
TEM. The number of taxa per location varied from 0 to 5. Nine are new records for Costa Rica.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: B.
Publicación No.: 084 The genus Epidendrum, Part 1: "A second century of new species in Epidendrum"
[El género Epidendrum, Parte 1: "Una segunda centuria de nuevas especies en Epidendrum"] / Hágsater,
Eric, (ed.); Salazar-Chávez, Gerardo A, (ed.); Hágsater, Eric.; Dodson, Calaway H.; Sánchez-Saldaña, L.;
García-Cruz, J.; Carnevali Fernández-Concha, G.; Dressler, Robert L.; Aleida-Díaz, M.; Miranda, F.
(Herbario Asociación Mexicana de Orquideología, Apartado Postal 53-123, México, D.F. 11320, MX <Email: [email protected]> <E-mail: [email protected]> <E-mail: [email protected]>).
In: Icones Orchidacearum (ISSN 0188-4018), Fasc. 2, Part 1, plates 101-200. 1993.
Describen numerosas especies de orquídeas del género Epidendrum colectadas en Costa Rica, con
indicación de los herbarios en donde están depositados los holotipos, isotipos, etc., su distribución
geográfica, ecología, características para su reconocimiento, estado de conservación y etimología.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: 584.15 I15fasc.
Publicación No.: 085 The butterflies of Costa Rica and their natural history. Volume II: Riodinidae [Las
mariposas de Costa Rica y su historia natural. Volumen II: Riodinidae] / DeVries, Philip J. (University of
New Orleans. Department of Biological Sciences, New Orleans, LA 70148, US <E-mail:
[email protected]>). Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1997. 288 p. ISBN: 0-691-02889-3.
With habitats ranging from sea level to over 3,800 meters, the small Neotropical country of Costa Rica
encompasses more than fifteen distinct life zones and contains a large percentage of all the butterfly
species known from Central America. In this field guide, a sequel to the volume on Papilionidae,
Pieridae, and Nymphalidae, DeVries privides the first detailed treatment of over 250 species of Costa
Rican butterflies in the family Riodinidae. Drawing from his extensive field work, museum research, and
surveys of scientific literature, DeVries presents the means to identify riodinid butterflies to the species
level and gives an overview of their natural history. This guide illustrates nearly all of the Costa Rican
species in color and provides a large sample of detailed line drawings and scanning electron micrographs
of riodinid early stages for the first time ever.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: 595.789097286 D514b vol-II.
Publicación No.: 086 Páramos: Why study them? [Páramos: ¿por qué estudiarlos?] / Luteyn, James
Leonard.; Balslev, H, (ed.); Luteyn, James Leonard, (ed.). (The New York Botanical Garden. Institute of
Systematic Botany, Bronx, NY 10458-5126, US <E-mail: [email protected]> <E-mail:
In: Páramo: an Andean ecosystem under human influence London: Academic Press, 1992. p. 1-14. ISBN:
0-12-4600442-0.
Octubre 2011
Páramo is a high-altitude ecosystem found primarily in the Andes of northern South America.
Floristically it is unique and extremely diverse with up to 60% of it’s approximately 3000-4000 species of
vascular plants endemic. Ecologically the páramo is a fragile system that is slow to recover after
disturbance; therefore any changes have great impact. Unfortunately, the activities of man and
domestic animals remain uncontrolled and have significantly altered this ecosystem. More recent
detrimental pressures imposed by man (e.g., cutting, burning, cultivation, livestock grazing, road
building) are threatening the páramo ecosystem. Therefore increased scientific study of biodiversity in
páramo is mandated, followed by protection, conservation, and management.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: 574.52621 P222S7252. Biblioteca Carlos Monge A.: 574.526.21 P222p.
Publicación No.: 087 Campaña de prevención de incendios forestales en el Parque Nacional Chirripó /
Barquero-Gamboa, A.; Méndez-Salazar, F.I.; Peña-Duarte, M.; Zumbado-Dijeres, A.B. San José:
Universidad de Costa Rica, 1994. 204 p. Proyecto de Graduación, Licenciatura en Ciencias de la
Comunicación Colectiva con énfasis en Producción, Universidad de Costa Rica, Escuela de Ciencias de la
Comunicación Colectiva, San José (Costa Rica).
Objetivo general: Elaborar una campaña de prevención de incendios forestales en el Parque Nacional
Chirripó, con el fin de proteger el patrimonio natural y cultural que esta zona representa. Objetivos
específicos: Indagar acerca de la causa principal de los incendios en el Parque Nacional Chirripó. Conocer
la problemática actual de las quemas en las áreas aledañas a éste. Definir las necesidades de
comunicación para la prevención de incendios forestales en el Parque Nacional Chirripó. Determinar el
perfil psicográfico del público meta. Elaborar la recomendación de medios. Plantear la propuesta de
campaña y producir al menos, un material de comunicación.
Localización: Biblioteca Luis D. Tinoco: Tesis 14768.
Publicación No.: 088 Plantas comunes del Parque Nacional Chirripó / Alfaro, E.; Gamboa-Valladares, B.
(Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Apdo. 22-3100, Santo Domingo de Heredia, CR). Santo Domingo de
Heredia: Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio), 1999. 276 p. ISBN: 9968-702-17-X.
La intención de esta guía es brindar al caminante la oportunidad de disfrutar del paisaje y la vegetación
predominante en los senderos, en aquellos momentos en que la fatiga obliga a detenerse y tomar
aliento para continuar la marcha. Las plantas están ahí con hojas y flores atractivas para embriagar de
belleza y estimular la curiosidad de naturalistas y poetas. Esta guía contiene información de las plantas
comunes visibles a orillas de los senderos más importantes del Parque Nacional Chirripó: HerraduraUrán, Urán- Chirripó, Valle de los Conejos, Sabana de los Leones, Fila Cementerio de la Máquina, Cuesta
del Agua y Monte sin Fe, desde los 1.800 hasta 3.820 m.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: 581.97286 A385p.
Publicación No.: 089 New species or interesting records of foliicolous lichens. V. Two new species of
Fellhanera (lichenized Ascomycotina: Pilocarpaceae) with 1-septate ascospores / Ferraro, L.I.; Lücking,
Robert. (Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (IBONE), C.C. 209, 3400 Corrientes, AR <E-mail:
In: Mycotaxon (ISSN 0093-4666), v. 73, p. 163-167. 1999.
Two new foliicolous species of Fellhanera with 1-septate ascospores are described: F. misionensis
Ferraro & Lücking, known from various parts in the Neotropics, and F. substanhopeae Lücking, collected
in northern South America. F. misionensis is characterized by a farinose thallus and rather large; dark
Octubre 2011
brown apothecia. The characteristic traits of F. substanhopeae are the coarsely verrucose thallus and
the dark purplish brown apothecia with flat disc and whitish margin.
Publicación No.: 090 Additions to the hepatic flora of Costa Rica II [Adición a la flora de hepáticas de
Costa Rica II] / Dauphin-López, Gregorio.; Gradstein, Stephan Robbert.; Bernecker-Lücking, Andrea.;
Morales-Zürcher, María Isabel. (Universidad de Costa Rica. Jardín Botánico Lankester, Apdo. 1031-7050,
Cartago, CR <E-mail: [email protected]> <E-mail: [email protected]> <E-mail:
[email protected]>
<E-mail:
[email protected]><E-mail:
In: Lindbergia (ISSN 0105-0761), v. 23, no. 2, p. 74-80. 1998.
Recent collections and research on Hepaticae in Costa Rica yielded 37 new species records for this
country. These include the family Allisoniaceae and the genera Calycularia, Cylindrocolea,
Luteolejeunea, Micropterygium, Mytilopsis, Neesioscyphus, Stenorrhipis and Thysananthus new to
Costa Rica. Colura verdoornii Herzog & Jove-Ast is new to tropical America. Twenty additional species
are reported as new for Central America. A summary of taxa reported for Costa Rica includes 33
families, 125 genera and 537 species, i.e. about 43% of the species known from tropical America. One
new combination is proposed Oryzolejeunea saccatiloba (Steph.) Gradst.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S8044. LC. Biblioteca Museo Nacional: QK533/L5.
Publicación No.: 091 New Costa Rican and Panamanian species of Miconia (Melastomataceae:
Miconieae) [Nuevas especies costarricenses y panameñas de Miconia (Melastomataceae: Miconieae)] /
Almeda, Frank, Jr. (California Academy of Sciences. Department of Botany, Golden Gate Park, San
Francisco, CA 94118-4599, US <E-mail: [email protected]>).
In: Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (ISSN 0068-547X), v. 52, no. 4, p. 33-54. 2000.
Diagnoses, descriptions, and illustrations are presented for seven new Mesoamerican species of Miconia
(M. colliculosa and M. talamancensis from Costa Rica and Panama, M. vestita from Costa Rica, and M.
correae, M. crocata, M. jefensis, and M. mori from Panama). Distinguishing characters, distribution
maps, citations of representative specimens, and comparisons with probable relatives are provided for
each species.
Publicación No.: 092 A 10 000 year record of Páramo fires in Costa Rica [Un registro de 10 000 años de
incendios en Costa Rica] / League, B.L.; Horn, Sally P. (The University of Tennessee. Department of
Geography, 304 Burchfiel Geography Building, Knoxville, TN 37996-09251420, US <E-mail:
In: Journal of Tropical Ecology (ISSN 0266-4674), v. 16, no. 5, p. 747-752. 2000.
(No abstract).
Publicación No.: 093 Two new Costarican species of Guatteria (Annonaceae) [Dos nuevas especies
costarricenses de Guatteria (Annonaceae)] / Zamora-Villalobos, Nelson A.; Maas, Paul J.M. (Instituto
Nacional de Biodiversidad, Santo Domingo de Heredia, CR <E-mail: [email protected]> <E-mail:
Octubre 2011
In: Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie (ISSN 0006-8152),
v. 122, no. 2, p. 241-248. 2000.
While preparing the Annonaceae treatment for the project "Manual de las Plantas de Costa Rica" two
new species of Guatteria were found and are described and illustrated below as G. pudica N. Zamora &
Maas and G. talamancana N. Zamora & Maas. The relations of the species within G. section Chasmantha
R.E.Fr. are discussed.
Publicación No.: 094 The ecological role of bamboo (Chusquea spp.) in the old-growth Quercus forests
of the Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica [El papel ecológico del bambú (Chusquea spp.) en robledales
de viejo crecimiento de la Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica] / Edwards-Widmer, Y.A. (Swiss Federal
Institute of Technology. Geobotanical Institute, Zurichbergstrasse 38, CH-8092 Zurich, CH <E-mail:
[email protected]>)./ Swiss Federal Institute of Technology. Geobotanical Institute,
Zurichbergstrasse 38, CH-8092 Zurich, CH. Zürich: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich, 1999.
192 p. Dissertation, Doctor of Natural Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich
(Switzerland).
This dissertation concerns aspects of the taxonomy and ecology of bamboos of the genus Chusquea in
the Quercus forests of the Cordillera de Talamanca in Costa Rica. The study had five main objectives: 1.
To describe three new species of Chusquea; 2. To characterize the environment and vegetation in the
Quercus-Chusquea forest; 3. To compare aspects of the population dynamics of different Chusquea
species; 4. To describe the distribution and flowering behaviour of various Chusquea species; 5. To
describe the life history of Chusquea in relation to the forest environment. In chapter 1 three new
species of Chusquea from the Upper Montane forests of the Cordillera de Talamanca are described and
illustrated. C. tomentosa and C. subtilis belong to Chusquea section Longifoliae and are closely related to
C. foliosa. The third species, C. talamancensis, is a member of Chusquea section Swallenochloa and
shows similarities to both C. tonduzii and C. vulcanalis. Revised keys to the species of section Longifoliae
and section Swallenochloa in Cost Rica is provided. Chapter 2 presents the results of a survey of the
vegetation and soils of the oak forests on Cerros Cuericí and Cerro Abarca. The plots studied were
selected to include one of the Chusquea species present in the area (C. talamancensis, C. tomentosa or
C. foliosa) and to represent one of the types of canopy closure (closed canopy, intermediate canopy or
gap). Based on a PCOA of the floristic data eight plant communities were recognized which can be
associated with differences in topography, soil characteristics and canopy closure. The Chusquea species
appear to be indicators for particular topographic situations and soil types. The data on size distribution
of trees show the inhibitory effect upon tree growth of the dominance of bamboo in gaps. Chapter 3
examines in more detail the soil conditions of Chusquea talamancensis, C. tomentosa and C. foliosa, and
presents data on soil pH, organic content and concentrations of plant nutrients. The soils supporting the
different species of Chusquea bamboos were mainly acidic (pH 3.3-6.0) and derived from volcanic ash.
However, individual bamboo species appeared to have distinct requirements in terms of soil conditions.
The soils carrying C. talamancensis were richer in organic matter, had a higher C:N ratio and were more
acidic than those with C. tomentosa or C. foliosa. C. tomentosa grew on more nutrient-rich soils than the
other two species. In chapter 4 the effect of canopy closure on the growth and spatial pattern of the
three understory Chusquea species is described. Clumps of all species tend to be few and large under
open conditions and numerous and small under more shady conditions. The smaller clump density in
gaps implies that there is intraspecific competition and density-dependent mortality when bamboos
Octubre 2011
become dominant under favorable light conditions. Species differ in their response to light conditions: C.
tomentosa and C. foliosa had a higher degree of morphological plasticity than C. talamancensis, which in
turn appeared to be more shade tolerant. Chapter 5 describes the mass flowering of C. talamancensis, C.
tomentosa, and C. subtilis between 1987 and 1990, followed by the death of all plants. The different
phenological states were coupled with the seasonal pattern of rainfall. Flower formation, fruit formation
and germination of seeds occurred in the rainy season, whereas pollination, fruit maturation and
abscission occurred in the dry season. On population level different flowering phases of cohorts were
recognized. There was no seed production when isolated plants flowered, indicating that reproduction
success depends on cross-pollination. Chapter 6 presents observations on the distribution and flowering
of six Chusquea species in the northwestern Cordillera de Talamanca. The most abundant species of
Chusquea bamboos (C. foliosa, C. longifolia, C. patens, C. subtilis, C. talamancensis and C. tomentosa)
show an altitudinal zonation and distributional differences between the Atlantic and Pacific slopes. C.
longifolia is associated with Lower Montane Forest, C. patens and C. foliosa with Lower and Upper
Montane Forest. In the study area, the six species exhibited mass flowering with interspecific overlap of
the flowering periods within a ten year period.
Publicación No.: 095 Description of vegetation and soils of the oak forests in the northwestern
Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica [Descripción de la vegetación y suelos de robledales en el noroeste
de la Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica] / Widmer, Y. (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology.
Geobotanical Institute, Zurichbergstrasse 38, CH-8092 Zurich, CH <E-mail: [email protected]>).
In: The ecological role of bamboo (Chusquea spp.) in the old-growth Quercus forests of the Cordillera de
Talamanca, Costa Rica Zürich: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich, 1999. p. 25-61.
A description is presented of the vegetation and soils of the oak forests on Cerros Cuericí and Cerro
Abarca. The plots studied were selected to include one of the Chusquea species present in the area (C.
talamancensis, C. tomentosa or C. foliosa) and to represent one of the types of canopy closure (closed
canopy, intermediate canopy or gap). Based on a PCOA of the floristic data eight plant communities
were recognized which can be associated with differences in topography, soil characteristics and canopy
closure. The Chusquea species appear to be indicators for particular topographic situations and soil
types. The data on size distribution of trees show the inhibitory effect upon tree growth of the
dominance of bamboo in gaps.
Publicación No.: 096 Vegetation and climate history of montane Costa Rica since the last glacial
[Historia del clima y de la vegetación montana Costa Rica desde el último glaciar] / Islebe, G.A.;
Hooghiemstra, H. (El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Apartado 424, CP 77000, Chetumal, Quintana
Roo, MX <E-mail: [email protected]> <E-mail: [email protected]>).
In: Quaternary Science Reviews (ISSN 0277-3791), v. 16, p. 589-604. 1997.
New palynological evidence from the Cordillera de Talamanca (Costa Rica) is presented. The La Chonta-1
core (2310 m a.s.l) shows the development of montane vegetation during the late Quaternary. A shorter
core (La Trinidad-III) shows the Lateglacial-Holocene transition, including the La Chonta stadial based on
earlier published evidence. A soil section from the páramo belt at 3100 m shows vegetation recovery
after fire. Modern pollen rain was studied along an altitudinal transect from 2100 m to 3800 m at Mt
Chirripó. A comparison with other palaeoecological data of the region is given to elucidate climatic and
Octubre 2011
vegetational changes throughout the Central American region. Data show a cooling of 7-8°C during the
Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) for montane Costa Rica, which is in accordance with data from lowland
Guatemala. A 1.5° to 2.5°C temperature drop is recorded during the Younger Dryas Chron in both Costa
Rica and Guatemala, but apparently not in Panama. The Lateglacial-Holocene transition in montane
Costa Rica is established at 10,400 BP. Between 9000 and 8500 BP moist forest developed in
mountainous Costa Rica as well as in lowland Guatemala and Panama. Environmental change during the
mid-Holocene seems more affected by changes in humidity than temperature change throughout
Central America. Distribution maps of páramo and montane vegetation in Costa Rica are reconstructed
for 10 ka, 14 ka and 18 ka based on currently available palynological data. These data indicate that
during the LGM a páramo vegetation corridor existed between northern Costa Rica and probably
northern Panama.
Publicación No.: 097 Quaternary glaciers and climate on Cerro Chirripó, Costa Rica [Glaciares
cuaternarios y clima en el Cerro Chirripó, Costa Rica] / Orvis, K.H.; Horn, Sally P. (The University of
Tennessee. Department of Geography, 304 Burchfiel Geography Building, Knoxville, TN 3799609251420, US <E-mail: [email protected]> <E-mail: [email protected]>).
In: Quaternary Research (ISSN 0033-5894), v. 54, p. 24-37. 2000.
Glacial lake sediments and glacial geomorphology in Valle de las Morrenas, a glacial trough on the north
face of Cerro Chirripó, Costa Rica, provide evidence on high-altitude Pleistocene conditions in Central
America. The most recent glacier in the valley (Chirripó stage I) receded very rapidly near the end of the
Younger Dryas chronozone. Radiocarbon dates on basal organic sediments from lakes beneath upper,
middle, and lower limits of that glacier fall close together, and two-sigma calibrated ages overlap for the
period 9700-9600 cal yr B.P. Earliest datable transition sediments from the central lake date to 12,36011,230 cal yr B.P. Larger, older moraines, and associated trimlines, allowed reconstruction of three
paleoglaciers (Chirripó stages II, III, and IV). Computer analysis of hypsometry using published tropicalglacier vertical mass balance profiles yields ELAs of 3506-3523, 3515-3537, and 3418-3509 in,
respectively; Chirripó II ELA-estimate positions applied to Chirripó I yield an ELA of 3538-3546 m. We
infer minimal temperature depressions of 7.4-8°C for the Chirripó I-IV stages. Modeling the behavior of
modern tropical glaciers yields basinwide net accumulation estimates of 440-620, 550-830, and 9601760 mm yr(-1) for the Chirripó II, III, and IV stages.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-6568. S7363.
Publicación No.: 098 The Ichneumonidae of Costa Rica. 2: Introduction and keys to species of the
smaller subfamilies, Anomalinae, Ctenopelmatinae, Diplazontinae, Lycorininae, Phrudinae,
Tryphoninae (excluding Netelia) and Xoridinae, with an appendix on the Rhyssinae [Los
Ichneumonidae de Costa Rica. 2: Introducción y claves para las para las especies de las subfamilias
menores Anomalinae, Ctenopelmatinae, Diplazontinae, Lycorininae, Phrudinae, Tryphoninae (excluyendo
Netelia) y Xoridinae, con un apéndice sobre los Rhyssinae] / Gauld, Ian D.; Wahl, David B.; Bradshaw, K.;
Hanson-Snortum, Paul.; Ward, S. (British Museum (Natural History). Department of Entomology, London
SW7 5BD, GB <E-mail: [email protected]> <E-mail: [email protected]>).
In: Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute (ISSN 0065-8162), v. 57, p. 1-485. 1997. ISBN: 1887988-01-7.
Octubre 2011
Illustrated keys are provided for identification of 202 Costa Rican species of Ichneumonidae in the
subfamilies Anomalonianae, Ctenopelmatinae, Diplazontinae, Lycorininae, Phrudinae, Tryphoninae
(excluding Netelia), Xoridinae and Rhyssinae.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: 595.79 G269i. Museo de Insectos (UCR).
Publicación No.: 099 The Ichneumonidae of Costa Rica. 3: Introduction and keys to species of the
subfamilies Brachycyrtinae, Cremastinae, Labeninae, and Oxytorinae, and with an appendix on the
Anomaloninae [Los Ichneumonidae de Costa Rica. 3: Introducción y claves para las especies de las
subfamilias Brachycyrtinae, Cremastinae, Labeninae y Oxytorinae, y con un apéndice para los
Anomaloninae] / Gauld, Ian D.; Ward, S.; Mallet, V. (The Natural History Museum. Department of
Entomology, London SW7 5BD, GB <E-mail: [email protected]>).
In: Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute (ISSN 0065-8162), v. 63, p. 1-453. 2000. ISBN: 1887988-07-6.
Perhaps the only tropical country where representative collections of Hymenoptera have been amassed
to date is Costa Rica. Intensive biological inventory has revealed the presence in Costa Rica of 198
species of the ichneumonid subfamilies Brachycyrtinae, Cremastinae, Labeninae and Oxytorinae.
Illustrated keys are provided here to enable them to be identified by the non-specialist. Of this fauna,
161 species are described as new, two are thought to be new, but have not been named pending
discovery of more material, and the remainder, which have previously been described, are redescribed
in a standardised format. An appendix provides a supplement to the treatment of the Anomaloninae
given in volume 2 of this series (Mem. Amer. Ent. Inst., 57). In this an additional new species, Barylypa
broweri, is described. Where known, details are presented about the geographical distribution, seasonal
abundance and recorded hosts of all the various taxa.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: 595.79 G269i. Museo de Insectos (UCR).
Publicación No.: 100 Ampliación altitudinal del tapir centroamericano (Tapirus bairdii) [Range
extension of the Central American tapir (Tapirus bairdii)] / Naranjo-Piñera, Eduardo José.; VaughanDickhaut, Christopher. (Colegio de la Frontera Sur, San Cristobal, Chiapas, MX <E-mail:
In: Revista de Biología Tropical (ISSN 0034-7744), v. 48, no. 2/3, p. 724. 2000.
Publicación No.: 101 Two new species and two new combinations in Mesoamerican Ericaceae [Dos
nuevas especies y dos nuevas combinaciones en Ericaceae mesoamericanas] / Luteyn, James Leonard.
(The New York Botanical Garden. Institute of Systematic Botany, Bronx, NY 10458-5126, US <E-mail:
In: Brittonia (ISSN 0007-196X), v. 53, no. 3, p. 437-446. 2001.
Satyria ventricosa and Vaccinium monteverdense from Panama and Costa Rica, respectively, are
described and illustrated. Gonocalyx megabracteolatus and Vaccinium talamancense are new
combinations. Relationships of the new species are discussed. Keys are provided for the entire genus
Gonocalyx, and for Satyria in Mesoamerica.
Octubre 2011
Publicación No.: 102 Investigación limnológica y geomorfológica de lagos glaciares del Parque
Nacional Chirripó, Costa Rica / Horn, Sally P.; Orvis, K.H.; Haberyan, K.A. (The University of Tennessee.
Department of Geography, 304 Burchfiel Geography Building, Knoxville, TN 37996-09251420, US <Email: [email protected]> <E-mail: [email protected]> <E-mail: [email protected]>).
In: Costa Rica. Instituto Geográfico Nacional. Informe Semestral (ISSN 0045-8740), v. 35, p. 99-106. 1999.
More than 30 lakes of glacial origin exist in Chirripó National Park in the Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa
Rica. In February-March 1998 an investigation was carried out of the limnology and geomorphology of
nine lakes in three glaciated valleys, including five lakes that had not been studied previously.
Temperature measurements indicate an increase of 4-7°C in water temperatures in the lakes, owing to
the effects of the strong El Niño of 1997-1998.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S7714. Biblioteca Luis D. Tinoco: 900 I.
Publicación No.: 103 Seis especies nuevas y dos nuevos registros de helechos Pteridophyta para Costa
Rica [Six new species and two new records of Pteridophyta (ferns) from Costa Rica] / Rojas-Alvarado,
Alexander Francisco. (Universidad de Costa Rica. Jardín Botánico Lankester, Apdo. 1031-7050, Cartago,
Six new species of Pteridophyta from Costa Rica are described: Dryopteris flaccisquama A. Rojas,
Hypolepis lellingeri A. Rojas, H. moraniana A. Rojas, Melpomene alan-shmithii A. Rojas, Selaginella
osaënsis A. Rojas, and Terpsichore esquiveliana A. Rojas. Blechnum stoloniferum (Mett. ex E. Fourn.) C.
Chr. and Trichomanes micayense Hieron, are new records for the country. Only D. flaccisquama and M.
alan-smithii are present outside Costa Rica.
Publicación No.: 104 The andine Plagiochila tabinensis Steph. and the identity of Acrobolbus laceratus
R.M. Schust. (Hepaticae) [La Plagiochila tabinensis Steph. andina y la identidad de Acrobolbus laceratus
R.M. Schust. (Hepaticae)] / Heinrichs, Jochen.; Anton, Hermann.; Holz, Ingo.; Grolle, R. (Universität
GÖttingen. Albrecht-von-Haller Institute für Pflanzenwissenschaften, Abteilung Systematische Botanik,
Untere Karspüle 2, D-37073 Göttingen, DE <E-mail: [email protected]> <E-mail: [email protected]>).
In: Nova Hedwigia (ISSN 0029-5035), v. 73, no. 3/4, p. 445-452. 2001.
Plagiochila tabinensis Steph. (sect. Bursatae Carl) is redescribed and depicted from material collected in
Costa Rica, Bolivia, Peru, and Colombia. Perianths are described for the first time. The species occurs in
montane regions of the Neotropics and stands out by elongate triangular to rectangular leaves
dissolving into long lobes, occurrence of surface wax and a dorsal leaf base not or hardly decurrent
along the stem. Chemically, P. tabinensis is characterised by several apigenin- and luteolin-di-Cglykosides and sesquiterpenes mainly of the 2,3-secoaromadendrane type as plagiochiline M and
related plagiochilines with a carbonyl substituent at C-4. Acrobolbus laceratus R.M. Schust. proved to be
synonymous.
Publicación No.: 105 Remarkable aquatic predators in the genus Ocyptamus (Diptera, Syrphidae)
[Extraordinarios depredadores acuáticos en el género Ocyptamus (Diptera, Syrphidae)] / Rotheray,
Octubre 2011
Graham E.; Zumbado-Arrieta, Manuel A.; Hancock, E. Geoffrey.; Thompson, F. Christian. (National
Museums of Scotland, Chambers Street, Edinburgh EH1 1JF, GB <E-mail: [email protected]> <Email: [email protected]> <E-mail: [email protected]>).
In: Studia Dipterologica (ISSN 0945-3954), v. 7, no. 2, p. 385-398. 2000.
Third-stage larvae, puparia and adults are described for two species of Ocyptamus Macquart and new
synonyms are proposed. The larvae were found in water pockets within epiphytic Bromeliaceae in Costa
Rica. They attacked a wide taxonomic range of insect larvae that characteristically co-occur in these
phytotelmata, apparently subduing prey with venom and sucking out the internal contents. They
possess a number of morphological and behavioural features not known in other predatory syrphids.
These features include an enlarged and flattened anal end bearing a sucker, elongate posterior
breathing tubes with vertically inclined spiracular plates, and patches of needle-like spicules on the
underside of the thorax. Although only two species were reared, larvae of 6 other species were
discovered, which suggest that many more species occur in bromeliads.
Publicación No.: 106 Rutelini 2: Revision des Anthicheirina 1 [Rutelini 2: Revisión de los Anthicheirina 1]
/ Soula, Marc. (6 rue de Lassalle, 09320 Massat, FR <E-mail: [email protected]>).
In: Les coléopteres du monde / The bettles of the world, 26,1, p. 33-106. Besancon: Sciences Nat, 1999.
ISBN: 2-85724-79-1.
(No abstract).
Localización: Biblioteca de Inventario (INBio).
Publicación No.: 107 The amphibians and reptiles of Costa Rica: A herpetofauna between two
continents, between two seas [Los anfibios y reptiles de Costa Rica: Una herpetofauna entre dos
continentes, entre dos mares] / Savage, Jay M.; Fogden, Michael P.L, (phot.).; Fogden, P, (phot.). (Rana
Dorada Enterprises, S.A., PMB 304, 3401 Adams Avenue, Suite A, San Diego, CA 92116-2490, US <E-mail:
[email protected]> <E-mail: [email protected]>). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press,
2002. 934 p. ISBN: 0-226-73537-0.
Este libro recoge 40 años de investigación de los anfibios y reptiles de Costa Rica, por parte del Dr.
Savage y sus colaboradores. Inicia con los siguientes capítulos: 1. Descubriendo la herpetofauna tropical.
Cap. 2. El ambiente costarricense. 3. Organización de la descripción sistemática. 4. Anfibios (Clase
Anfibia). 5. Cecilians (Orden Gymnophiona). 6. Salamandras (Orden Caudata). 7. Ranas y sapos (Orden
Anura). 8. Reptiles (Clase Reptilia). 9. Esquamates (Orden Squamata). 10. Lagartijas (Suborden Sauria).
11. Serpientes (Suborden Serpentes). 12. Tortugas (Orden Testudinata). 13. Cocodrilos (Orden
Crocodilia). 14. Distribución ecológica de la herpetofauna. 15. Distribución geográfica: unidades
históricas, áreas faunísticas, endemismo y patrones generales. 16. Desarrollo de la herpetofauna.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: 597.9097286 S264a.
Publicación No.: 108 Integrity and isolation of Costa Rica's national parks and biological reserves:
examining the dynamics of land-cover change [Integridad y aislamiento de los parques nacionales y
reservas biológicas de Costa Rica: examinando la dinámica del cambio en el uso de la tierra] / SánchezAzofeifa, Gerardo Arturo.; Daily, Gretchen C.; Pfaff, Alexander S.P.; Busch, C.B. (University of Alberta.
Octubre 2011
Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E3, CA <E-mail:
In: Biological Conservation (ISSN 0006-3207), v. 109, p. 123-135. 2003.
The transformation and degradation of tropical forest is thought to be the primary driving force in the
loss of biodiversity worldwide. Developing countries are trying to counter act this massive lost of
biodiversity by implementing national parks and biological reserves. Costa Rica is no exception to this
rule. National development strategies in Costa Rica, since the early 1970s, have involved the creation of
several National Parks and Biological Reserves. This had led to monitoring the integrity of and
interactions between these protected areas. Key questions include: "Are these areas' boundaries
respected?"; "Do they create a functioning network?"; and "Are they effective conservation tools?". This
paper quantifies deforestation and secondary growth trends within and around protected areas
between 1960 and 1997. We find that inside of national parks and biological reserves, deforestation
rates were negligible. For areas outside of National Parks and Biological Reserves we report that for 1km buffer zones around such protected areas, there is a net forest again for the 1987/1997 time period.
Thus, it appears that to this point the boundaries of protected areas are respected. However, in the 10km buffer zones we find significant forest loss for all study periods. This suggests that increasing
isolation of protected areas may prevent them from functioning as an effective network.
Publicación No.: 109 Diving beetles of the genus Rhantus in Costa Rica: Taxonomy and biogeography,
with notes on South American species (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) [Abejones buceadores del género
Rhantus (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) en Costa Rica: Taxonomía y biogeografía, con observaciones de las
especies suramericanas] / Balke, Michael.; Roughley, Robert E.; Sondermann, W.; Spangler, Paul J. (The
Natural History Museum. Department of Entomology, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, GB <E-mail:
In: Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment (ISSN 0165-0521), v. 37, no. 3, p. 263-271. 2002.
We describe Rhantus bohlei sp.n. from Costa Rican highlands. This is the fourth Rhantus species known
from Costa Rica, besides of Rhantus souzannae Balke, R. gutticollis (Say) and R. calidus (F). The latter two
are wider spread; the others are endemic to Costa Rican highlands. Endemicity of the fauna is 50%
(Canada: 7 species, endemicity 0). We suggest that the Costa Rican Rhantus fauna is a mixture of
Laurasian and Gondwanian elements. Here, new records for the South American species Rhantus
crypticus Balke and R. franzi Balke are provided.
Publicación No.: 110 Estimating the greenhouse gas benefits of forestry projects: a Costa Rican case
study [Estimando los beneficios de los proyectos forestales de gases invernadero: estudio de caso
costarricense] / Busch, C.B.; Sathaye, J.A.; Sánchez-Azofeifa, Gerardo Arturo. (Lawrence Energy
Technologies Division. Environmental Energy Technologies Division, Energy Analysis Department,
Berkeley, CA 94720, US <E-mail: [email protected]>). Berkeley, CA: Ernest Orlando Lawrence
Berkeley National Laboratory, 2000. 119 p. (LBNL; no. 42289).
If the Clean Development Mechanism proposed under the Kyoto Protocol is to serve as an effective
means for combating global climate change, it will depend upon reliable estimates of greenhouse gas
benefits. This paper sketches the theoretical basis for estimating the greenhouse gas benefits of forestry
Octubre 2011
projects and suggests lessons learned based on a case study of Costa Rica's Protected Areas Project,
which is a 500,000 hectare effort to reduce deforestation and enhance reforestation. The Protected
Areas Project in many senses advances the state of the art for Clean Development Mechanism-type
forestry projects, as does the third-party verification work of SGS International Certification Services on
the project. Nonetheless, sensitivity analysis shows that carbon benefit estimates for the project vary
widely based on the imputed deforestation rate in the baseline scenario, e.g. the deforestation rate
expected if the project were not implemented. This, along with a newly available national dataset that
confirms other research showing a slower rate of deforestation in Costa Rica, suggests that the use of
the 1979-1992 forest cover data originally as the basis for estimating carbon savings should be
reconsidered. When the newly available data is substituted, carbon savings amount to 8.9 Mt (million
tones) of carbon, down from the original estimate of 15.7 Mt. The primary general conclusion is that
project developers should give more attention to the forecasting land use and land cover change
scenarios underlying estimates of greenhouse gas benefits.
Publicación No.: 111 Tortoise beetles of Costa Rica: new records and localities (Coleoptera:
Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae) [Abejones tortugas de Costa Rica: nuevos registros y localidades
(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae)] / Chaboo, Caroline S. (American Museum of Natural History.
Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Central Park West at 79th St., New York, NY 10024-5192, US <Email: [email protected]>).
In: Genus (ISSN 0867-1710), v. 14, no. 1, p. 109-120. 2003.
Sixteen species in 12 genera in the cassidine tribes Cassidini, Delocraniini, Goniocheniini, Physonotini,
Spilophorini, and Stolaini, are reported from Costa Rica for the first time. Localities for these new
records are presented. Data are based on collections accumulated under the intensive survey of Costa
Rica by Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio).
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-4327. Biblioteca de Inventario (INBio).
Publicación No.: 112 A revision of Bibio (Diptera: Bibionidae) of Mexico and Central America [Revisión
de Bibio (Diptera: Bibionidae) de México y Centroamérica] / Fitzgerald, Scott J. (Colorado State
University. Department of Entomology, Fort Collins, CO 80523, US).
In: Transactions of the American Entomological Society (ISSN 0002-8320), v. 123, no. 4, p. 225-287.
1997.
The species of Bibio (Diptera: Bibionidae) known to occur in Mexico and Central America are reviewed.
Fifteen species are recognized as occurring in this region, six described as new to science: B. albipennis
Say, B. atrigigas n. sp., B. borisi n. sp., B. chelostvlus n. sp., B. chiapensis n. sp., B, criorhinus Bellardi, B.
fuligineus Bellardi, B. oreonanus n. sp., B. piceus Bellardi, B. intermedius Rondani, B. slossonae Cockerell,
B. stonei Hardy, B. superfluus Schiner, B. xanthopus Wiedemann, and B. xeronastes n. sp.. Bibio alien us
McAtee and B. vestitus Walker are included as possibly occurring in northern Mexico, and taxonomic
changes for these species are discussed. Lectotypes are designated for B. criorhinus, B. fuligineus, B.
intermedius, B.piceus, B. stonei, and B. subaequalis Rondani. Six new synonyms are presented: B.
albipennis beameri Hardy = B. albipennis; B. rufalipes Hardy = B. alienus; B. peruvianus Edwards = B.
subaequalis; B. dispar Schiner and B. carolinus Hardy = B. superfluos;B. mickeli Hardy = B. vestitus
Walker. Diagnoses and distributions are given for all species. A kev to the species of Mexico and Central
Octubre 2011
America is presented, and male terminalia and male and female hind legs of all species are illustrated for
comparison. Notes and illustrations of types of some South American Bibio species are given.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-10663. Biblioteca de Inventario (INBIO).
Publicación No.: 113 Checklist of Costa Rican páramo plants and the Cuericí forest [Lista de las plantas
costarricenses del páramo y el bosque de Cuericí] / Gómez-Pignataro, Luis Diego. (Academia Nacional de
Ciencias y Organización para Estudios T , San Pedro de Montes de Oca, CR <E-mail:
[email protected]>). San Vito de Coto Brus: Las Cruces Biological Field Station, 1994. 21 p.
Introduction: I climbed the Chirripó Massif for the first time in 1963. That was the beggining of a series
of expeditions to the highlands of the Cordillera de Talamanca that ended in 1984 with the exploration
of Cerro Fábrega, perhaps the richest and most diverse of the:Central American páramos. This list was
first compiled in 1968 and has been revised occasionally for the use of students of the O.T.S. Tropical
Biology courses. It is not, I am sure, complete and further exploration of the Talamancas will add
novelties to it. Conspicuous elements of the highland forests around the páramos are included. For
definitions of "páramo" see Gómez (1986). For the purpose of this list it will be defined as: "A series of
plant associations above timberline,adapted to conditions of cold temperatures, high insolation, critical
soil wat r balances, dominated by Gramineae, found scattered within 10° N and 15° S of the Equator." In
Costa Rica, there are two main types of páramo and páramoid habitat: the páramo proper and the
"turberas" or bogs, the later an azonal type of vegetation due to edaphic/topographic conditions. The
bogs find their most diverse and extensive expression in the Sabanas Dúrika, south of Chirripó. In most
cases, a great number of plant species are shared by páramos and turberas, especially those adapted to
or requiring high, year-round soil humidity, acidity and humic horizon. The edges of the páramos, where
they meet the oak forest, are some of the most dynamic seres in subtropical areas. Most commonly, the
edge is indicated by a richness and density of Comarostaphylos spp., thus constituing the "madroño
belt" that was so striking when approaching the Chirripó by skirting the SW slopes of Cerro
Ventisqueros, before the great fire of 1976. Recent research on the paleobotany of bog and lake
sediments indicates that margins of Costa Rican páramos have considerably fluctuated in the last 12.000
years. For geological, glaciological history see Gómez-(1986) and Hooghiemstra et al. (1992). For pollen
stratigraphy see Horn (1990). For zonation of vegetation of the montane oak forests, see Kappelle
(1995).
Publicación No.: 114 The Ichneumonidae of Costa Rica, 4: Introduction and keys to species of the
subfamilies Metopiinae; Banchinae (Atrophini, Banchini, Glyptini) [Los Ichneumonidae de Costa Rica, 4:
Introducción y claves para las especies de las subfamilias Metopiinae; Banchinae (Atrophini, Banchini,
Glyptini)] / Gauld, Ian D.; Sithole, R.; Ugalde-Gómez, Jesús.; Godoy-Cabrera, Carolina. (The Natural
History Museum. Department of Entomology, London SW7 5BD, GB <E-mail: [email protected]> <E-mail:
In: Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute (ISSN 0065-8162), v. 66, p. 1-768. 2002.ISBN: 1887988-10-6.
This work is a taxonomic revision of two large subfamilies of Ichneumonidae present in Costa Rica, the
Metopiinae and Banchinae. The study is based on an intensive biological inventory, and in total more
than 10,000 specimens has been examined, although not all have been mounted and labeled. Such
collecting is essential as it ensures the very large number of rare species present in tropical habitats is
Octubre 2011
adequately represented. Biologically, the two ichneumonid subfamilies treated in this work are similar in
that the majority of species are koinobiont endoparasitioids of the larvae of weakly concealed
Lepidoptera, whilst a few taxa in each subfamily are specialized to attack exposed caterpillars. The study
has revealed the presence in Costa Rica of 14 genera and 130 species of the ichneumonid subfamily
Metopiinae, and 24 genera and 253 species of the subfamily Banchinae. Illustrated keys are given to
enable all of these taxa to be identified by the non-specialist. In the Metopiinae 124 new species and
one new genus, Forrestopius, are described. The other metopiine taxa (13 genera and 6 species), which
have previously been named, are redescribed in a standardized format. In the Banchinae extensive redefinition of the Neotropical atrophine genera has been undertaken, and six new genera have been
described: Cordeleboea, Hadeleboea, Hylesicida, Podeleboea, Quillonota and Wahlamia. One Old World
genus, Leptobatopsis, is recorded from the New World for the first time, and two South American
genera, Cecidopimpla and Ptychopsis, are newly recorded for Central America. Eudeleboea is treated as
a synonym of Meniscomorpha (syn. n.) and Isomeris is placed in synonymy under Lissonota (syn. n.).
Deleboea is restricted to include only the Andean type-species. In the Banchinae 237 new species are
described and the 16 species, which have previously been named, are re-described in a standardised
format. Meniscus crassitarsus Cresson is placed in Hylesicida (comb n.), Lissonota pulchra Cameron is
shown to be a junior synonym of Mnioes jucundus (Cresson) (syn. n.), Mesoleius zapotecus Cameron is a
junior synonym of Extastes tarsalis Cresson (syn. n.) and Phytodietus guatemalensis Cameron is a junior
synonym of Loxodocus cressoni (Cameron) (syn. n.). Where knowndetails are presented about the
geographical distribution, seasonal abundance and recorded hosts of all the various taxa. An appendix
provides a supplement to the treatment of the Pimplinae given in Volume 1 of this series (Mem. Amer.
Ent. Inst., 47). In this a new genus and species, Inbioia pivai, are described. Full nomenclatural details are
listed in Appendix 2.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: 595.79 G269i-IV. Biblioteca de Inventario (INBio).
Publicación No.: 115 Ptyctimous mites (Acari: Oribatida) of Costa Rica [Acaros (Acari: Oribatida) de
Costa Rica] / Niedbala, Wojciech. (Adam Mickiewicz University at Poznan. Department of Animal
Taxonomy & Ecology, Szamarzewskiego 91A, PL-60059 Poznan, PL <E-mail: [email protected]>).
In: Annales Zoologici (Warsaw) (ISSN 0003-4541), v. 53, no. 2, p. 259-334. 2003.
The fauna of ptyctimous mites of Costa Rica has been described and analysed. At nearly 200 localities in
all provinces of Costa Rica, 76 species of ptyctimous mites (6 Mesoplophoridae, 31 Euphthiracaroidea,
39 Phthiracaroidea) represented by over 3300 specimens have been found. Over 40% of species are new
to science. Descriptions of 32 new species have been given: Mesoplophora (Parplophora) bacula sp.
nov., Oribotritia alajuela sp. nov., O. allocota sp. nov., O. brevisetosa sp. nov., O. laselvae sp. nov., O.
nasalis sp. nov., O. partita sp. nov., Mesotritia semota sp. nov., Euphthiracarus evexus sp. nov., E.
pedanos sp. nov., E. serangos sp. nov., E. tesselatus sp. nov., E. tumidus sp. nov., Rhysotritia meristos sp.
nov., R. parallelos sp. nov., Phthiracarus lotus sp. nov., Plonaphacaras baculus sp. nov.,
Austrophthiracarus nexilis sp. nov., A. retrorsus sp. nov., Austrophthiracarus zeuktos sp. nov.,
Arphthicarus allocotos sp. nov., A. iubatus sp. nov., A. pararidiculus sp. nov., A. parasaucius sp.nov., A.
pervalidus sp. nov., Protophthiracarus clandestinus sp. nov., P. heteropilosus sp. nov., P. heterosetosus
sp. nov., Notophthiracarus pedanos sp. nov., Atropacarus (Hoplophorella) frondeus sp. nov.,
Atropacarus (Atropacarus) antrosus sp. nov., A.(A) folious sp. nov. The identification keys of the families,
genera and species with figures of the species are presented. On the basis of the data collected, it is
difficult to distinguish between the fauna of ptyctimous mites from the western and eastern coast, or
Octubre 2011
north-western and south-eastern parts of the country. The most abundant species, whose
representatives make over 30% of all ptyctimous mite specimens, found in all samples, is pantropical
Plonaphacarus kugohi occurring mainly in the rain forest La Selva. The fauna of ptyctimous mites of
Costa Rica is to a large extent harmonic. Euphthiracaroidea are represented by all main genera, whereas
from among Phthiracaroidea the genera Hoplophthiracarus and Steganacarus have not been
represented, andthe gondwanian Notophthiracarus was represented by only one species. The fauna of
ptyctimous mites in Costa Rica is typically Neotropical. Over 21% species are widespread:
semicosmopolitan and pantropical, the others are Neotropical. From among the latter only 18% are
widespread in the Neotropical region, 35% are bound with Mexican subregion, and nearly half (46%) are
restricted to Costa Rica, including 17% of endemic species. The fauna of ptyctimous mites of the region
is weakly related to the fauna of Nearctic region, only a few of the species reach the south states of the
USA.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S9116. Biblioteca de Inventario (INBio).
Publicación No.: 116 Sistema Nacional de Áreas de Conservación: Parques nacionales y otras áreas
silvestres protegidas de Costa Rica / Mena-Araya, Yadira.; Artavia-Zamora, G. (Ministerio de Ambiente y
Energía. Sistema Nacional de Áreas de Conservación; Equipo de Áreas Silvestres Protegidas, San José,
CR). San José: MINAE, 1998. 67 p.
La labor realizada en el país durante las últimas décadas en el campo de la conservación, es producto de
los esfuerzos compartidos por el Estado y la comunidad nacional, lo cual ha otorgado al país un
reconocimiento y una responsabilidad que exige afrontar con novedosos y eficientes planteamientos,
los retos del desarrollo sostenible para el próximo siglo. Con el establecimiento del Sistema Nacional de
Áreas de Conservación se propone resguardar los ecosistemas más sobresalientes, integrando los
gobiernos locales, empresa privada, organizaciones e individuos en las iniciativas de conservación de los
recursos naturales del país. En este documento se presentan los aspectos más relevantes sobre la
gestión del Sistema Nacional de Areas de Conservación, con la intención de satisfacer la demanda de
información requerida por la población estudiantil y otros interesados en el tema. Se describe el marco
conceptual y estructura de la nueva organización, y se resume la situación actual de las áreas
silvestresprotegidas del país. El Sistema Nacional de Áreas de Conservación (SINAC) surge como parte de
un proceso de modernización del esquema de gestión administrativo y de manejo de los recursos
naturales del país que se viene desarrollando desde el decenio de los setentas. La puesta en operación
de este enfoque ha implicado fuertes cambios conceptuales y administrativos, así como la formulación
de los cambios jurídicos necesarios para consolidar el SINAC. Este nuevo modelo de gestión está
orientado a satisfacer los requerimientos de una nueva administración de las áreas silvestres protegidas
y a satisfacer las necesidades socioeconómicas de las comunidades aledañas a éstas, mediante su
integración al desarrollo regional. Las Áreas de Conservación sirven de enlace entre las organizaciones
locales y nacionales, en procura de un aprovechamiento racional de los recursos naturales disponibles y
la búsqueda de soluciones conjuntas a la problemática ambiental de la región. El fundamento de la
gestión del SINAC consiste en integrar, por una parte, las áreas silvestres protegidas a la sociedad por
medio de la producción de bienes y servicios, así como desarrollar los medios para que la sociedad
participe en la administración de las mismas. Por otra parte, fomenta el manejo de los recursos
naturales por parte del sector privado, organizaciones e individuos mediante el apoyo a iniciativas de
producción sostenibles que aseguren la conservación de los sistemas esenciales para la vida.
Octubre 2011
Publicación No.: 117 Contribución al estudio de los Pezizales (Ascomycotina) de Costa Rica
[Contribution to the study of the Pezizales (Ascomycotina) of Costa Rica] / Calonge, Francisco D.;
Iturriaga, T.; Mata, Milagro.; Carranza-Velázquez, Julieta. (CSIC, Real Jardín Botánico, Plaza Murillo 2,
Madrid, ES <E-mail: [email protected]> <E-mail: [email protected]> <E-mail: [email protected]> <Email: [email protected]>).
In: Boletín de la Sociedad Micológica de Madrid (ISSN 0214-140X), v. 27, p. 21-32. 2003.
More than 400 herbarium collections of Pezizales have been observed during the confection of this
work. As a result of this research on the taxonomy, chorology and ecology of these fungi, 46 taxa have
been identified, and within them the following six species represent new records to Costa Rica:
Aurophora dochmia, Glaziella aurantiaca, Gyromitra esculenta, Morchella esculenta, Plectania rhytidia
and Winnea gigantea.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S9113; NBINA-2261. Biblioteca de Inventario (INBio).
Publicación No.: 118 Morphology and systematics of the genera Wilsonema Cobb, 1913, Ereptonema
Anderson, 1966 and Neotylocephalus Ali, Farooqui & Tejpal, 1969 (Leptolaimina: Wilsonematinae)
[Morfología y sistemática de los géneros Wilsonema Cobb, 1913, Ereptonema Anderson, 1966 y
Neotylocephalus Ali, Farooqui & Tejpal, 1969 (Leptolaimina: Wilsonematinae)] / Holovachov, O.;
Boström, S.; Tandingan De Ley, I.; De Ley, P.; Coomans, A. (Ivan Franko National University of L'viv.
Biological Faculty, Department of Zoology, Grushevsky str. 4, L'viv 79005, UA <E-mail:
[email protected]> <E-mail: [email protected]> <E-mail: [email protected]> <E-mail:
In: Journal of Nematode Morphology and Systematics (ISSN 1139-5192), v. 5, no. 1, p. 73-106. 2003.
Descriptions of populations of Wilsonema otophorum, W. schuurrnansstekhoveni, Ereptonena arcticum,
Neotylocephalus annonae and N. inflatus comb. n. are given on the basis of studies with light and
scanning electron microscope. The processes of the complex labial region of the genera within the
subfamily Wilsonematinae are homologized. Emended diagnoses as well as revised classifications of the
genera Wilsonema, Ereptonerna and Neotylocephalus are given. The following changes are proposed:
Wilsonema andersoni and Plectus (Wilsonema) bolivianus are considered junior synonyms of Wilsonema
otophorurn; Paraereptonema ciliatum is considered a junior synonym of Ereptonema fimbriatum;
Wilsonema cheliferum and Wilsonema agrarum are transferred to Ereptonema; Spatiocephalus and
Coronacephalus are considered junior synonyms of Neotylocephalus; Spatiocephalus venustrus is
considered a junior synonym of Neotylocephalus annonae; Ereptonema inflatum is transferred to
Neotylocephalus; Coronaceplalus indicus and Plectus (Wilsonema) gangulykhani are considered junior
synonyms of Neotylocephalus inflatus; Neotylocephalus haryanensis is nomen novum for Wilsereptus
indicus, which becomes a junior homonym when transferred to Neotylocephalus; Wilsonema fausti,
Wilsonema promissum and Ereptonema agrarum comb. n. are considered species inquirendae or
incertae sedis. Phylogenetic analyses were made to elucidate the relationships between the genera of
Wilsonematinae.
Localización: Biblioteca de Inventario (INBio).
Publicación No.: 119 Free-living nematodes from nature reserves in Costa Rica. 4. Cephalobina
[Nematodos de vida libre de las reservas naturales en Costa Rica. 4. Cephalobina] / Holovachov, O.;
Esquivel-Hernández, Alejandro.; Bongers, T. (Ivan Franko National University. Department of Zoology,
Octubre 2011
Biological Faculty, Grushevsky, str. 4, 79005 L'viv, UA <E-mail: [email protected]> <E-mail:
In: Nematology (Leiden) (ISSN 1388-5545), v. 5, no. 1, p. 1-15. 2003.
Four species of Cephalobina: Geraldius bakeri, Diastolaimus croca, Trualaimus culeatus and Tricirronema
tentaculatum are described and illustrated on the basis of material collected in Costa Rica. A scanning
electron microscope (SEM) study of G. bakeri is given for the first time. Diastolaimus croca is found to
have a circle of six retiform processes anterior to the true labial setae. Detailed descriptions of the
female reproductive system in G. backeri, D. croca and Macrolaimus sp. are given. The use of the female
reproductive system and structure of the labial sensilla in the systematics of the family
Chambersiellidae, together with its taxonomic placement, are discussed. Notes on the systematic
position of the family Bicirronematidae and a key to the species of this family are given.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S9460; NBINA-998. Biblioteca de Inventario (INBio.
Publicación No.: 120 Epidendrum tolimense Lindl. (Orchidaceae), una especie suramericana
encontrada en Costa Rica [Epidendrum tolimense Lindl. (Orchidaceae), a South American species found
in Costa Rica] / Hágsater, Eric. (Herbario de la Asociación Mexicana de Orquideología, Apartado Postal
53-123, México, D.F. 11320 <E-mail: [email protected]>, ).
In: Lankesteriana (ISSN 1409-3871), no. 8, p. 41-43. 2003.
A species previously known from South America is found in the Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica.
Epidendrum tolimense belongs to the Elleanthoides group, and is the first species of this group to be
found outside the Andes.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: L. Biblioteca OET: NBINA-10772.
Publicación No.: 121 Manual de plantas de Costa Rica. Volumen II. Gimnospermas y
monocotiledóneas (Agavaceae-Musaceae) / Hammel-Lierheimer, Barry Edward, (ed.); Grayum, Michael
H, (ed.); Herrera-Mora, Cecilia, (ed.); Zamora-Villalobos, Nelson A, (ed.); Troyo-Jiménez, Silvia, (il.).;
Crow, Garrett E.; Faden, R.B.; Goldblatt, Peter.; Gómez-Laurito, Jorge.; Grant, J.S.; Grayum, Michael H.;
Hammel-Lierheimer, Barry Edward.; Hensold, N.; Kennedy, Helen.; Kress, Walter John Emil.; Maas, Paul
J.M.; Maas-van de Kamer, H.; Meerow, Alan W.; Merello, M.; Morales-Quirós, J. Francisco. (Instituto
Nacional de Biodiversidad, Apdo. 22-3100, Santo Domingo de Heredia, CR <E-mail:
In: Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden (ISSN 0161-1542), v. 92, no. 2,
694 pp. 2003.ISBN: 1-930723-22-9.
The Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica is a concise, illustrated guide to all of the species of native,
naturalized, and commercially cultivated seed plants of this Central American country, which lies
between Nicaragua and Panama and is thus centered in isthmian Central America- a biogeographical
funnel between South- and North America, densely rich in species and geological history. The Manual is
the first comprehensive Spanish-language account of the Costa Rican flora. The work is presented in a
series of several volumes, Volume II, including all the gymnosperms and part of the monocots, is the first
to appear. Nearly one half of the species in this volume are distributed among three large, economically
and ornamentally important families: the Araceae (Philodendron, etc.) with 248 species, the Arecaceae
(the palms) with 109 species, and the Bromeliaceae (pineapple, etc.) with 195 species. In total, 1125
Octubre 2011
species of monocots in 35 families are presented. Gymnosperms, of low diversity in the tropics, with
only five families and 13 species in Costa Rica that fit the Manual's general criteria of native, naturalized,
or commercially cultivated, are fully treated. Besides brief formal descriptions and informal notes about
each of a total of 40 families, 190 genera, and 1136 species of seed plants, this identification manual
contains keys to all the gymnosperm and monocot families treated in the series, as well as to the genera
and species included within this volume. In all, 218 original line drawings and 40 black-and-white
photographs illustrate the treatments.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: 581.97286 M294; NBINA-11604.
Publicación No.: 122 Notes on vocalizations in three species of Atelopus from Central and South
America (Anura: Bufonidae) [Apuntes sobre las vocalizaciones en tres especies de Atelopus de Centro y
Suramérica (Anura: Bufonidae)] / Lotters, S.; Glaw, F.; Reichle, S.; Kohler, J.; Meyer, E.
In: Herpetozoa (ISSN 1013-4425), v. 12, no. 1/2, p. 79-83. 1999.
(No abstract).
Publicación No.: 123 Polystichum lilianae sp nov (Dryopteridaceae) and its relationships to P. fournieri
and P. turrialbae [Polystichum lilianae sp nov (Dryopteridaceae) y sus relaciones con P. fournieri y P.
turrialbae] / Barrington, D.S. (University of Vermont. Department of Botany, Pringle Herbarium, 225 B
Marsh Life Science Building, Burlington, VT 05405-0086, US <E-mail: [email protected]>).
In: Brittonia (ISSN 0007-196X), v. 55, no. 4, p. 317-325. 2003.
Morphological, isozyme, and cytological analyses of the small, pale-scaled polystichums from oakdominated montane rain forests in Costa Rica and Mexico reveal the presence of a separable
undescribed species endemic to the Cordillera de Talamanca of Costa Rica. The new taxon, Polystichum
lilianae, is an allotetraploid hypothesized to have the sympatric P. turrialbae as one diploid progenitor
based on isozyme characters. The isozyme and morphometric data also support the inclusion of P.
sinithii, described from southern Mexico, in P. turrialbae, described from Costa Rica. The name
Polystichum fournieri, formerly used for all of these plants, applies to species endemic to Oaxaca and
Chiapas, Mexico. It is not a progenitor of P. lilianae.
Publicación No.: 124 A revision of the genus Seeversiella Ashe, 1986 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae:
Aleocharinae) [Revisión del género Seeversiella Ashe, 1986 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae)] /
Gusarov, V.I. (The University of Kansas. Division of Entomology, Snow Entomological Museum, Snow
Hall, 1460 Jayhawk Blvd., Lawrence, KS 66045-7523, US <E-mail: [email protected]>).
In: Zootaxa (ISSN 1175-5334 [online edition]), no. 142, p. 1-102. 2003.
The Nearctic and Neotropical genus Seeversiella Ashe, 1986 is redescribed. Twenty seven new species of
Seeversiella are described (S. texana Gusarov, sp. n. from Texas, S. sonomotoides Gusarov, sp. n. and S.
liliputana Gusarov, sp. n. from Arizona, S. fusca Gusarov, sp. n., S. tuberculicauda Gusarov, sp. n., S.
nigriceps Gusarov, sp. n. and S. mexicana Gusarov, sp. n. from Mexico, S. castanea Gusarov, sp. n. from
Mexico and Honduras, S. grandis Gusarov, sp. n. from Guatemala, S. badia Gusarov, sp. n. and S. minima
Gusarov, sp. n. from El Salvador, S. similis Gusarov, sp. n. from Honduras, S. brunnea Gusarov, sp. n., S.
curtipennis Gusarov, sp. n., S. lativentris Gusarov, sp. n., S. luridicollis Gusarov, sp. n., S. micralymma
Octubre 2011
Gusarov, sp. n., S. impressicollis Gusarov, sp. n., S. sulcicollis Gusarov, sp. n., S. microphthalma Gusarov,
sp. n., S. geostiboides Gusarov, sp. n., S. adusta Gusarov, sp. n., S. flavida Gusarov, sp. n. and S.
páramoana Gusarov, sp. n. from Costa Rica, S. scabricollis Gusarov, sp. n. and S. furcativentris Gusarov,
sp. n. from Costa Rica and Panama, S. brevipennis Gusarov, sp. n. from Panama). Atheta globicollis
Bernhauer, 1907 (distributed from southern Canada to Honduras) is transferred to Seeversiella and
redescribed. Seeversiella bispinosa Ashe, 1986 is placed in synonymy with S. globicollis. A key for
identification of species of Seeversiella is provided. The lectotype of Atheta globicollis Bernhauer, 1907
is designated. Geographical distribution of Seeversiella is discussed.
Publicación No.: 125 New taxa, new records and redefined concepts in the Elaphoglossum sect.
Elaphoglossum subsec. Pachyglossa (Lomariopsidaceae) from Mexico and Central America [Nuevos
taxones, nuevos registros y conceptos redefinidos en los Elaphoglossum sect. Elaphoglossum subsec.
Pachyglossa (Lomariopsidaceae) de México y Centroamérica] / Rojas-Alvarado, Alexander Francisco.
(Universidad de Costa Rica. Jardín Botánico Lankester, Apdo. 1031-7050, Cartago, CR <E-mail:
Twelve new species are described in the taxonomically difficult Elaphoglossum (sect. Elaphoglossum):
Elaphoglossum angustifrons A. Rojas, E. delgadilloanum A. Rojas, E. ellipticifolium A. Rojas, E. incognitum
A. Rojas, E. mesoamericanum A. Rojas, E. nicaraguense A. Rojas, E. polypodium A. Rojas, E. rejeroanum
A. Rojas, E. reptans A. Rojas, E. terrestre A. Rojas, E. variabile A. Rojas and E. zavale A. Rojas. Also. E.
latifolium (Sw.) J. Sm., E. sartorii (Liebm.) Mickel and E. viride (E. Fourn.) C. Chr. are amended, E. andicola
(He) T. Moore and E. sporadolepis (Kunze ex Kuhn) T. Moore are reported.
Publicación No.: 126 Notes on Elaphoglossum sect. Polytrichia subsec. Hybrida in Mexico and Central
America [Apuntes sobre Elaphoglossum sect. Polytrichia subsec. Hybrida en México y Centroamérica] /
Rojas-Alvarado, Alexander Francisco. (Universidad de Costa Rica. Jardín Botánico Lankester, Apdo. 10317050, Cartago, CR <E-mail: [email protected]>).
In Elaphoglossum sect. Polytrichia subsect. Hybrida six new species are described: E. angustioblongum A.
Rojas, E. baquianorum A. Rojas, E. cotoi A. Rojas, E. jinoteganum A. Rojas, E. neeanum A. Rojas and E.
silencioanum A. Rojas. New combination is made for Elaphoglossum mexicanum (E. Fourn.) A. Rojas.
Two species are reported: E. barbatum (H. Karst.) Hieron. and E. scolopendrifolium (Raddi) J. Sm. Two
species are redefined: E. erinaceum (Fee) T. Moore and E. tambillense (Hook.) T. Moore. E. pallidum
(Baker ex Jenman) C. Chr. is eliminated for Mexico and Central America. Of the new species only E.
neeanum is present outside of the region. A key is given to those species in Mexico and Central America.
Publicación No.: 127 Oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida) from the northern Neotropical region - a survey
of research, past and present [Acaros oribátidos (Acari, Oribatida) del norte de la región Neotropical -
Octubre 2011
un estudio de investigación, pasada y presente] / Schatz, H. (University of Innsbruck. Institute of Zoology
and Limnology, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, AT <E-mail: [email protected]>).
In: Abhandlungen und Berichte des Naturkundemuseums Görlitz (ISSN 0373-7586), v. 69, no. 6, p. 69-78.
1997.
A survey of the literature about Oribatid mites in the northern Neotropical region is given. Additionally,
first results of the author’s investigations in some Central American countries (Belize, Guatemala, Costa
Rica and Panama) are presented and discussed. The Oribatid mites were collected by taking soil and leaf
litter samples (including moss, lichens, rotting wood and epiphytic growth on trees as well as phytotelms
of bromeliads) in different life zones. Abundance values are very similar in comparable life zones of
Costa Rica and Panama, but vary greatly between the habitats. The littoral zone and dry forests show
low abundances. The highest individual numbers are reached in the lowland rain forests. Slightly lower
values were found in montane and cloud forests, and low numbers in the tropical subalpine rain Páramo
of Costa Rica. Many taxa in this extreme life zone are better known from the Nearctic region than from
the tropics.
Publicación No.: 128 Symplocos retusa (Symplocaceae), una nueva especie de Costa Rica [Symplocos
retusa (Symplocaceae), a new species from Costa Rica] / Kriebel-Haehner, Ricardo.; González-Ramírez,
José.; Alfaro, E. (San Francisco State University. Department of Biology, 1600 Holloway Ave., San
Francisco, CA 94132, US <E-mail: [email protected]> <E-mail: [email protected]>).
In: Lankesteriana (ISSN 1409-3871), v. 4, no. 1, p. 57-59. 2004.
Symplocos retusa, a new species restricted to the wet forests of the Pacific slope of the Talamanca range
in Costa Rica is described, illustrated, and compared to its closest presumed relative. Symplocos retusa is
distinguished by its entire leaf blades with a conspicuous retuse apex; purple, pentamerous, pedicellate,
solitary, axillary flowers subtended by deciduous bracts; fruit apex flat and distended beyond the point
of calyx lobe attachment. It is compared to S. tribracteolata Almeda, another Costa Rican endemic with
solitary, pedicellate, white to pink hexamerous flowers and serrulate or crenate leaf blades with
acuminate apex.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: L; NBINA-2162; S11546 LC.
Publicación No.: 129 Classification of the Helicinidae: Review of morphological characteristics based
on a revision of the Costa Rican species and application to the arrangement of the Central American
mainland taxa (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Neritopsina) [Clasificación de los Helicinidae: Revisión de las
características morfológicas con base a una revión de las especies costarricenses y un arreglo de los
taxones centroamericanos terrestres (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Neritopsina)] / Richling, I. (Christian
Albrechts Universität zu Kiel. Zoologisches Institut, Olshausenstr. 40-60, 24098 Kiel, DE <E-mail:
In: Malacologia (ISSN 0076-2997), v. 45, no. 2, p. 195-440. 2004.
The present study combines a taxonomical revision of the poorly known Costa Rican Helicinidae, with a
detailed investigation of certain morphological structures with respect to their relevance for
systematics, culminating in a discussion of the arrangement of the Central American mainland species.
The revision of the Costa Rican species is based on the examination of nearly all type material, coupled
with extensive field work and investigations of the collections of the Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad
de Costa Rica and the Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, along with perusal of additional
Octubre 2011
historical material. With minor exceptions, all these species were investigated with respect to the
features of shell, operculum, surface sculpture of embryonic shell and teleoconch, internal shell
structures, radula, and female reproductive system. In addition, analyses of morphometry and sexual
dimorphism were carried out. Faced with a limited amount of material, it became necessary to developa
new preparation method to separate the soft body from the shell without damaging either. For the
higher classification and comparative analysis of the different morphological characteristics, similar
examinations emphasizing formerly poorly studied or neglected characteristics, such as embryonic shell
and female reproductive system, were carried out for 17 additional species representing the most
important related Central American supraspecific taxa using their type species when available. For taxa
with inaccessible material, data from the available literature were critically incorporated. For Costa Rica,
15 species were recognized, among them seven new species, partially published in Richling (2001) Helicina echandiensis, H. talamancensis, H. monteverdensis, H. chiquitica, H. escondida, Alcadia
(Microalcadia) hojarasca, and A. (M.) boeckeleri - and two new subspecies - H. punctisulcata
cuericiensis, and H. beatrix riopejensis. Other previously subspecifically separated taxa (H. funcki
costaricensis Wagner, 1905; H. tenuis pittieri Wagner, 1910) were shown to fall within the range of
intraspecific variability. Records of the Guatemalan and Mexican species Helicina oweniana L. Pfeiffer,
1849, and subspecies, H. amoena L. Pfeiffer, 1849, as well asthose of H. fragilis Morelet, 1851, were
proven to be based on faulty identifications and were therefore excluded from the Costa Rican fauna.
This fact, together with the recognition of the several new species, shows that the faunal composition of
Costa Rica is much more distinct from that of the northern areas than previously assumed. The
transitional zone of Nicaragua, however, still remains widely uninvestigated. Only Helicina tenuis L.
Pfeiffer, 1849, being ecologically very tolerant, Lucidella lirata (L. Pfeiffer, 1847), and Pyrgodomus
microdinus (Morelet, 1851) are wide-spread, extending from Mexico to Costa Rica, perhaps even farther
south. The distribution of the typical Costa Rican species follows the topographical subdivision created
by the Central Cordilleras, along with its corresponding effects on the climate. Contrary to former
assumptions, certain features of the female reproductive system proved very useful for the classification
of the Helicinidae. For the first time, monaulic conditions have been recognized for Helicina and
Eutrochatella, necessitating the correction of previous descriptions in this respect. Furthermore, the
monaulic or diaulic state is characteristic of the genera and is paralleled by consistent changes in the
embryonic shell structure. Because primitive members of the Helicinidae possess a diaulic system, the
monaulic condition is regarded as the derived state. The Central American genera Helicina, Alcadia,
Eutrochatella, Lucidella and Schasicheila were properly distinguished and described by this, as well as by
other differences in the female reproductive system. The anatomies of the type species of Helicina and
Alcadia were examined for the first time, and earlier descriptions of Eutrochatella and Lucidella were
corrected in major points. On the basis of this new evidence, the assignment of traditional subgeneric
units of Helicina and Alcadia, previously based mainly on vague radula and shell characteristics, was
especially reassessed. The subgenera Sericea and Analcadia were transferred to Helicina, as well as the
mainland land species summarized under the preoccupied taxon "Gemma". Tristramia, Oxyrhombus,
Pseudoligyra, Oligyra, Succincta, "Cinctella" (also preoccupied) and Punctisulcata were confirmed in
their association with Helicina. Due to its monaulic condition, the former genus Ceochasma is reduced to
a subgenus of Helicina. In addition, exemplary non-type Antillean species were studied, including
Helicina jamaicensis Sowerby, 1841, which had to be shifted to Alcadia s.l., and Alcadia (Analcadia)
platychila (von Muehlfeldt, 1816), which is now assigned to Helicina s.s. On one hand, the new
arrangement excludes Alcadia as previously known from the Central American mainland, but, on the
Octubre 2011
other hand, examination of the newly discovered Costa Rican species Helicina hojarasca and H.
boeckeleri required the establishment of a new subgenus of Alcadia, Microalcadia n. subgen. on the
mainland, based mainly on the features of the female reproductive system and embryonic shell
structure.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: M.
Publicación No.: 130 A first assessment of the Ticolichen biodiversity inventory in Costa Rica: The
genus Dictyonema (Polyporales: Atheliaceae) [Primera evaluación del inventario de biodiversidad de los
ticolíquenes en Costa Rica: El género Dictyonema (Polyporales: Atheliaceae)] / Chaves-Chaves, José Luis.;
Lücking, Robert.; Sipman, Henricus J.M.; Umaña-Tenorio, Loengrin.; Navarro-Valverde, E. (Instituto
Nacional de Biodiversidad, Apdo. 22-3100, Santo Domingo de Heredia, CR <E-mail: [email protected]>
<E-mail: [email protected]> <E-mail: [email protected]> <E-mail: [email protected]> <E-mail:
In: The Bryologist (ISSN 0007-2745), v. 107, no. 2, p. 242-249. 2004.
As part of an ongoing lichen biodiversity inventory in Costa Rica, we present a survey on the taxonomy
of the basidiolichen genus Dictyonema. Two species are described as new: D. melvinii Chaves, Lücking, &
Umaña (also known from Colombia and Bolivia), and D. minor Lücking, Navarro, & Sipman (also known
from Colombia and Venezuela). A total of 11 taxa are reported from the country, comprising six species
and an additional five forms. Our numerous collections suggest that foliose and crustose growth forms,
although having similar thallus anatomy, do represent distinct taxa. However, since molecular data to
test this hypothesis are missing for this genus, for the time being we follow E. Parmasto in distinguishing
these morphotypes at the level of forma. A key is presented to all species and forms.
Publicación No.: 131 Late Quaternary glaciation of Costa Rica [Glaciación del Cuaternario Tardío de
Costa Rica] / Lachniet, M.S.; Seltzer, G.O. (Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI), Apartado 202,
Balboa, PA <E-mail: [email protected]>).
In: Geological Society of America Bulletin (ISSN 0016-7606), v. 114, no. 5, p. 547-558. 2002.
Late Quaternary glaciation in Costa Rica was investigated. Glacial landforms in the Cordillera de
Talamanca were mapped to ascertain glacial and periglacial geology and geomorphology. Late
Quaternary glaciation in Costa Rica was found to have produced typical alpine glacial features with 3
moraine groups defining 3 glacial stages in Chirripó National Park. The highest peaks were also found to
be glaciated during this period. This points to the existence of a significantly cooler climate in Central
America than today. The data were also found to be consistent with a temperature reduction at Chirripó
of 8-9°C during the last local glacial maximum. Some of this cooling may be due to a steeper lapse rate
associated with a drier atmosphere, possibly resulting from a more restricted position of the
Intertropical Convergence Zone, reduced yearly convection, or more frequent incursion of polar air
masses.
Publicación No.: 132 Note systematique sur les Callipogonini du Nouveau Monde (Cerambycidae,
Prioninae) [Apunte sistemático sobre los Callipogonini del nuevo mundo (Cerambycidae, Prioninae)] /
Bleuzen, P. In: Bulletin de la Société Sciences Nat (ISSN 0249-5805), v. 79, p. 18-19. 1993.
(No abstract).
Octubre 2011
Publicación No.: 133 A revision of Trisetum, Peyritschia, and Sphenopholis (Poaceae: Pooideae:
Aveninae) in Mexico and Central America [Revisión de Trisetum, Peyritschia y Sphenopholis (Poaceae:
Pooideae: Aveninae) en México y Centroamérica] / Finot, V.L.; Peterson, Paul M.; Soreng, R.J.; Zuloaga,
F.O. (Universidad de Concepción. Facultad de Agronomía, Departamento de Producción Animal, Casilla
537, Chillan, CL <E-mail: [email protected]>).
A taxonomic treatment of Trisetum, Peyruschia, and Sphenopholis for Mexico and Central America is
given. In Mexico and Central America four species of Peyritschia, two species of Sphenopholis, and 17
species of Trisetum s. str. are recognized. Peyritschia deyeuxioides and P. pringlei range from Mexico to
Ecuador, P koelerioides is found in southern Mexico to Guatemala, and P. humilis is endemic to Mexico.
Sphenopholis obtusata ranges from Canada to the U.S.A. and Mexico, whereas S. interrupta is found in
the southwestern U.S.A. and Baja California. Mexico. Mexico has the largest number of Trisetum species
at 15, and nine of these are endemic. Five species of Trisetum are found in Guatemala. three in Costa
Rica and Panama and a single species is found in Honduras and the Dominican Republic. A new subgenus
Deschampsioidea (Louis-Marie) Finot in Trisetum is proposed. Four new species of Trisetum from
Mexico are described and illustrated: T durangense Finot & P.M. Peterson, T. martha-gonzaleziae P.M.
Peterson & Finot, and T. spellenbergii Soren, Finot & P.M. Peterson (all in subg. Deschampsioidea); and
T. ligulatum Finot & Zuloaga (in subg. Trisetum, sect. Trisetaera). Keys for the genera, subgenera,
sections, and species of Trisetum, Peyruschia, and Sphenopholis that occur in Mexico and Central
America are given. The names Trisetum gracile E. Foum, and Trisetum subsect. Deschampsioidea LouisMarie are lectotypified.
Publicación No.: 134 Coloration in Helicinidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Neritopsina) [Coloración en
Helicinidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Neritopsina)] / Richling, I. (Christian Albrechts Universität zu Kiel.
Zoologisches Institut, Olshausenstr. 40-60, 24098 Kiel, DE <E-mail: [email protected]>).
In: Malacologia (ISSN 0076-2997), v. 46, no. 1, p. 217-224. 2004.
The coloration of Costa Rican Helicinidae has been studied, with special attention paid to the arboreal
species. It is shown that either shell color or mantle pigmentation contribute to the coloration visible in
the living animals. Ecological and systematic implications are given. This paper is supplementary to
Richling (2004).
Publicación No.: 135 Quaternary geology and paleoclimate of Costa Rica: Evidence from glaciation,
stable isotopes of surface waters, and a speleothem / Lachniet, M.S. (University of Nevada.
Department of Geosciences, Las Vegas, NV 89154, US <E-mail: [email protected]>). Syracuse,
N.Y., 2001. 140 pp. Dissertation, Ph.D., Syracuse University Graduate School, Syracuse, N.Y. (USA).
Quaternary climates of the Caribbean Region are poorly known. This study investigates the terrestrial
evidence of Costa Rican Quaternary paleoclimates via analysis of the Quaternary glaciation of the Costa
Rican highlands to estimate temperature reductions associated with the last local glacial maximum, an
analysis of the spatial and temporal variability in stable isotope values of Costa Rican surface waters and
Octubre 2011
precipitation, and analysis of the stable isotope values of speleothems to estimate past variations in
precipitation amount. The highest peaks of Costa Rica were glaciated during the late Quaternary,
attesting to a significantly different climate in the Central American isthmus. New evidence of glacial
extent comes from striated, grooved, and channeled bedrock in previously undocumented sites. During
the last local glacial maximum, estimated as 12,000 14C yr BP, an ice cap 35 km² in extent covered the
highest peaks of the Cordillera de Talamanca around Cerro Chirripó, 2 km² of ice existed around Cerro
Kamuk, and 5 km² existed on Cerro de la Muerte. In Chirripó Park, the paleo equilibrium line altitude
(ELA) was 3500 m. Cirque floor elevations around Cerro Kamuk of 3260 m suggest a lower paleo ELA
there. The modern °C isotherm of 5000 m suggests a late Pleistocene ELA depression of 1500 m,
associated with a temperature depression of 8 to 9°C. Analysis of a calcite speleothem from the
Caribbean slope of Costa Rica provides direct evidence of past variations in precipitation amount on
decadal time scales. delta18O calcite values prior to 10,140 yr BP are &sim;1&permil; higher than early
Holocene values. These lower values may be explained by a temperature reduction of 5°C, decreased
rainfall and relative humidity, or some combination of thetwo. To interpret the delta; 18O record
preserved in this speleothem, a calibration study was undertaken to determine the spatial and temporal
variation in stable isotopes in surface waters and precipitation delta18Owater values are most strongly
correlated with precipitation amount and follow distinct regional trends. Deuterium excess values
suggest that moisture recycling contributes to the moisture flux along the Nicaragua Trough.
Publicación No.: 136 Aleurodicus talamancensis, a new whitefly species damaging plantation bananas
in Costa Rica, with discussion of a montane orchid-feeding population (Sternorrhyncha, Aleyrodidae)
[Aleurodicus talamancensis, una especie nueva de mosca blanca que daña las plantaciones de banano en
Costa Rica, con la discusión de una población de montaña que se alimenta de orquídeas (Sternorrhyncha,
Aleyrodidae)] / Martin, Jon H. (The Natural History Museum. Department of Entomology, Cromwell
Road, London SW7 5BD, GB <E-mail: [email protected]>).
In: Zootaxa (ISSN 1175-5334), no. 843, p. 1-10. 2005.
A new species of Aleurodicus Douglas is described from Costa Rica. It is a serious pest of plantation
bananas in low-altitude areas of Limon Province. A single population from an orchid plant in high
altitude montane forest differs in several respects, but is thought to be conspecific and is discussed in
detail. This new species is discussed in relation to two similar species which together form the distinctive
A. niveus Martin species-group.
Publicación No.: 137 Una nueva especie de Blechnum L. (Blechnaceae) en el neotrópico / RojasAlvarado, Alexander Francisco. (Universidad de Costa Rica. Jardín Botánico Lankester, Apdo. 1031-7050,
Cartago, CR <E-mail: [email protected]>).
In: Lankesteriana (ISSN 1409-3871), v. 5, no. 1, p. 49-52. 2005.
A new species, Blechnum fuscosquamosum A. Rojas (Blechnaccae) from the Neotropics is described. It is
distinguished from B. fragile (Liebm.) C.V. Morton & Lellinger by its shorter (5-10 mm vs. 8-15 mm),
brown to dark brown (vs. brown-yellowish) rhizome scales with acute, apex (vs. long attenuate apex),
lanceolate to linear-lanceolate (vs. long attenuate) blade. 25-35 pinna pairs [vs. (35-) 40-80 pairs,
Octubre 2011
relatively longer (4-6.5 cm vs. 2.8-5.0 cm) pinnae, 1.5-3.0 mm wide [(vs. 1.0-1.5 (-2.0) mm] fertile pinnae
distribution at higher elevations (2400-3000 m vs. 800-2100 m).
Localización: Biblioteca OET: L; NBINA-5644.
Publicación No.: 138 Manual de plantas de Costa Rica. Volumen III. Monocotiledóneas (OrchidaceaeZingiberaceae) / Hammel-Lierheimer, Barry Edward, (ed.); Grayum, Michael H, (ed.); Herrera-Mora,
Cecilia, (ed.); Zamora-Villalobos, Nelson A, (ed.); Troyo-Jiménez, Silvia, (il.). (Instituto Nacional de
Biodiversidad, Apdo. 22-3100, Santo Domingo de Heredia, CR <E-mail: [email protected]> <E-mail:
[email protected]> ).
In: Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden (ISSN 0161-1542), v. 93, 884
pp. 2003.ISBN: 1-930723-23-7.
The Manual de plantas de Costa Rica is a concise, illustrated guide to all of the species of native,
naturalized, and commercially cultivated seed plants of this Central American country which lies
between Nicaragua and Panama and is thus centered inisthmian Central America -a biogeographical
funnel between South an North America, densely rich in species and geological history. The Manual is
the first comprehensive Spanish-language account of the Costa Ricas flora. The work is presented in a
series of volumes: Volume III, concluding the monocots, is the second to appear. Two large,
economically and ornamentally important families, the orchids (Orchidaceae) with 1318 species, and the
grasses (Poaceae), with 488 species, account for more than 95% of the species in this volumen. Besides
brief formal descriptions and informal notes about each of a total of 10 families, 331 genera, and 1861
species of monocots, this identification manual contains keys to all the genera and species included
within the volume. Finally, the treatments are illustrated with 377 line drawings, 10 black-and-white
photographs, and 8 pages of color plates.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: 581.97286 M294. Biblioteca OET: NBINA-11577.
Publicación No.: 139 Catalogue of Costa Rican Hepaticae and Anthocerotae [Catálogo de las Hepaticae
y Anthocerotae costarricenses] / Dauphin-López, Gregorio. (Universidad de Costa Rica. Jardín Botánico
Lankester, Apdo. 1031-7050, Cartago, CR <E-mail: [email protected]>).
In: Tropical Bryology (ISSN 0935-5626), v. 26, p. 141-218. 2005.
This catalogue contains literature reports and new records of Costa Rican Hepaticae and Anthocerotae,
proceeding from monographs, revisions, floristic inventories, ecological bryophyte studies and
herbarium specimens. The nomenclature has been updated in several genera. A total of 582 hepatic and
eight hornwort species are reported from Costa Rica. The present work adds 26 new species records,
and excludes 49 dubious records. Three new synonyms are proposed: Taxilejeunea carinata Herzog
(=Lejeunea anomala Lindenb. & Gottsche); Taxilejeunea standleyi Herzog (=T. obtusangula [Spruce] A.
Evans) and Syzygiella gracillima Herzog (=S. perfoliata [Sw.] Spruce).
Publicación No.: 140 The genus Manota in Costa Rica (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) [El género Manota en
Costa Rica (Diptera: Mycetophilidae)] / Jaschhof, Mathias.; Hippa, Heikki. (Swedish Museum of Natural
History. Department of Entomology, P.O. Box 50007, S-10405 Stockholm, SE <E-mail:
Octubre 2011
In: Zootaxa (ISSN 1175-5334 [online edition]), no. 1011, p. 1-54. 2005.
The genus Manota Williston is shown for the first time to be present in Costa Rica, and is represented
there by 27 species, all new to science: acuminata, acutistylus, arenalensis, bihamata, caribica,
corcovado, costaricensis, diversiseta, eximia, fraterna, incisa, inornata, intermedia, limonensis, major,
montivaga, multisetosa, parva, penicillata, planistylus, rara, rectolobata, rotundistylus, spinosa,
squamulata, tapantiensis, and vexillifera. These species are described, illustrated, and keyed using
characters of the male terminalia as the only tool for distinguishing closely related species. A lectotype is
designated for the type species, Manota defecta Williston, and it is redescribed and the male terminalia
illustrated.
Publicación No.: 141 A new and a known species of the genus Chrysonema Thorne, 1929 (Nematoda:
Dorylaimida) from Costa Rica [Una nueva y especies conocidas del género Chrysonema Thorne, 1929
(Nematoda: Dorylaimida) de Costa Rica] / Ahmad, Wasim.; Shaheen, A. (Aligarh Muslim University.
Department
of
Zoology,
Section
of
Nematology,
Aligarh-202002,
IN
<E-mail:
In: Nematologia Mediterranea (ISSN 0391-9749), v. 33, p. 55-60. 2005.
A new and a known species of the genus Chrysonema Thorne, 1929 are described and illustrated from
Costa Rica. Chrysonema inbionis sp. n. is characterized by having a 1.43-1.58 mm long, slender body,
continuous lip region with amalgamated lips, slender odontostyle, comparatively anterior vulva,
amphidelphic female reproductive system, and elongate ventrally arcuate tail. Chrysonema attenuatum
(De Man, 1880) Loof, 1994, a rare species, is re-described based on a single female and a male specimen
collected from Costa Rica.
Publicación No.: 142 Last glacial maximum equilibrium line altitudes in the circum-Caribbean (Mexico,
Guatemala, Costa Rica, Colombia, and Venezuela) / Lachniet, M.S.; Vázquez-Selem, L. (University of
Nevada. Department of Geosciences, Las Vegas, NV 89154, US <E-mail: [email protected]>).
In: Quaternary International (ISSN 1040-6182), v. 138, p. 129-144. 2005.
Equilibrium line altitude (ELA) estimates for Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) paleoglaciers in Mexico,
Guatemala, Costa Rica, Colombia, and Venezuela were determined using the accumulation area balance
ratio (AABR), accumulation area ratio (AAR), toe-to-headwall altitude ratio (THAR), and the maximum
altitude of lateral moraine (MALM) methods. LGM glacial expansions are chronologically constrained in
Mexico, the Merida Andes of Venezuela, the mountains around Bogota, Colombia, and the Ruiz-Tolima
massif, Colombia. Undated glacial sites are tentatively correlated to dated sites on the basis of similar
moraine morphology and weathering characteristics. LGM ELAs are 3400-3950 m in central Mexico,
3544 m for Guatemala, 3477 ± 13 m for Costa Rica, 4104 ± 197 m for the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta,
Colombia, 3480 m for the Ruiz-Tolima region of Colombia, 3345 ± 130 m for the mountains around
Bogota, Colombia, 4151 ± 181 m for the Sierra Nevada de Cocuy, Colombia, and 3576 ± 163 m for the
Merida Andes of Venezuela. As the modern ELA and/or °C isotherm is found at 4900 ± 200 m, LGM ELA
depression in the circum-Caribbean region was between 500 and 1625 m.
Octubre 2011
Publicación No.: 143 A revision of Chionolaena (Compositae, Gnaphalieae) [Revisión de Chionolaena
(Compositae, Gnaphalieae)] / Freire, S.E. (Museo de La Plata. Departamento Científico de Plantas
Vasculares, 1900 La Plata, AR).
The Neotropical genus Chionolaena is accepted as including the species of Leucopholis, which has been
considered a separate genus by several authors because of its few-flowered capitula. Chionolaena
consists of small, more or less woody shrubs with adiscontinuous distribution: central Mexico, northern
Colombia, and southern Brazil, with disjunct populations in Central America (Costa Rica) and northern
Amazonia (southern Venezuela). The most closely related genus is Gnaphaliothamnus from Mexico and
Guatemala. Seventeen species of Chionolaena are recognized, one of which, C. mexicana, is described
for the first time. Three new combinations are made: Chionolaena capitata, C. chrysocoma, and C.
seemannii. Descriptions, typification, synonymy, distribution maps, illustrations, indices, and a key to all
taxa are presented. A cladistic analysis of Chionolaena was performed using morphological characters.
Polarity of characters was based on outgroup comparison with the genus Gnaphaliothamnus. Two
monophyletic groups were resolved: (1) the "concinna species group" (including C. concinna and C.
seemannii); and (2) the "mexicana species group" (including C. aecidiocephala, C. arbuscula, C. capitata,
C. columbiana, C. chrysocoma, C. elengnoides, C. isabellaeC. jeffreyi, C. latifolia, C. lavandulifolia, C.
lychnophorioides, C mexicana, C. phylicoides, C. sartorii, and C. wittigiana). Within each group, this
resolution places the Mexican species as the sister group of the South American taxa, i.e., a closer
historical relationship is indicated between the Colombian and Brazilian areas than between either and
the Mexican area.
Publicación No.: 144 Contribución al catálogo de los Gasteromycetes (Basidiomycotina, Fungi) de
Costa Rica / Calonge, Francisco D.; Mata, Milagro.; Carranza-Velázquez, Julieta. (CSIC, Real Jardín
Botánico, Plaza Murillo 2, Madrid, ES <E-mail: [email protected]> <E-mail: [email protected]> <Email: [email protected]>).
In: Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid (ISSN 0211-1322), v. 62, no. 1, p. 23-45. 2005.
This paper presents a revision of 819 herbarium collections of Gasteromycetes from Costa Rica. One
hundred and three taxa were identified, two of them are new records for America: Cyathus africanus
and Morganella compacta; and 44 are new to Costa Rica: Bovista aestivalis, B. cunningharnii, B.
dermoxantha, B. dominicensis, B. longispora, Calostoma lutescens, C. ravenelii, Calvatia candida, C.
excipuliforrnis, Chlamydopus meyenianus, Crucibulum laeve, Cyathus earlei, C. berkeleyanus, C.
helenae, C. julietae, C. limbatus, C. montagnei, C. nova-zealandiae, C. pallidus, C. poeppigii, C. setosus,
Geastrum badium, G. fimbriatum, G. fimbriatum var. pseudohieronimii var. nov., G. javanicum, G.
lageniforme, G. minimum, G. rutescens, G. smardae, G. striatum, Langermannia bicolor, L. gigantea,
Lycogalopsis solmsii, Lycoperdon echinatum, L. eximium, L. juruense, Phallogaster saccatus, Scleroderma
bovista, S. cepa, S. verrucosum, Vascellum endotephrum, V. floridanum,V. pratense and V. texense. Five
genera are new to Costa Rica: Chlamydopus, Langermannia, Lycogalopsis. Phallogasrer and Vascellum.
Comments related with their taxonomy, ecology and distribution are also included. Based on the results,
we conclude that the Gasteromycetes flora of Costa Rica is one of the richest in America, if we take into
Octubre 2011
account the small area of the country. Richness may be due to more intensive sampling than in other
Neotropical countries, as well as to a range of altitudes from sea level to 3820 m.
Publicación No.: 145 Observations on the Nightingale Wren in Costa Rica [Observaciones sobre el
soterrey ruiseñor en Costa Rica] / Slud, P. (University of Michigan. Museum of Zoology, Ann Arbor, MI,
US).
In: The Condor (ISSN 0010-5422), v. 60, no. 4, p. 243-251. 1958.
(No abstract).
Publicación No.: 146 Three new species of Vitaceae from Mesoamerica [Tres nuevas especies de
Vitaceae de Mesoamérica] Lombardi, J.A. (Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio Mesquita Filho. Instituto
de Biociencias, Departamento de Botánica, Av. 24 A 1515, BR 13506900 São Paulo, BR <E-mail:
Three new species, Cissus nicaraguensis, C. patellicalyx, and Ampelocissus mesoamericana, are
described from Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and El Salvador, respectively. Cissus nicaraguensis can be
distinguished from all other Neotropical species by the combination of urceolate calyx and simple
leaves. Cissus patellicalyx is recognized by its subspherical floral buds, immature fruits minutely
tuberculate when dried, and the distinctly raised nerves of the abaxial leaf surface. Ampelocissus
mesoamericana ischaracterized by lenticels, indument, and the obpyriform flower buds.
Publicación No.: 147 The systematic position of Plagiochila moritziana, P. trichostoma, and P. deflexa
based on its sequence variation of nuclear ribosomal DNA, morphology, and lipophilic secondary
metabolites [Posición sistemática de Plagiochila moritziana, P. trichostoma y P. deflexa con base a la
variación en la secuencia del ADN ribosomal, morfología y metabolitos secundarios lipofílicos] /
Heinrichs, Jochen.; Groth, H.H.; Holz, Ingo.; Rycroft, David S.; Renker, C.; Pröschold, T. (Universität
Göttingen. Albrecht-von-Haller Institute für Pflanzenwissenschaften, Abteilung Systematische Botanik,
Untere Karspüle 2, D-37073 Göttingen, DE <E-mail: [email protected]> <E-mail: [email protected]> <E-mail: [email protected].).
According to phylogenetic analyses of nrDNA ITSI and ITS2 sequences (including the 5.8S unit) the
Neotropical Plagiochila moritziana, P. rutilans var. rutilans, P. rutilans var. standleyi, P. trichostoma (= P.
permista, syn. nov.), and P. subtrinitensis form a monophyletic lineage and are placed in P. sect.
Rutilantes; all five taxa lack a ca 20 base pair sequence that is present in all the taxa of the other
Plagiochila sections investigated. The Central American P. subtrinitensis is treated as a synonym of the
Hawaiian endemic P. deflexa. Plagiochila moritziana is excluded from sect. Fuscoluteae and reduced to a
variety of P. rutilans; P. sect. Permistae is treated as a synonym of P. sect. Rutilantes. The sporophytes of
P. trichostoma and P. deflexa are described for the first time. Fresh material of P. rutilans var. moritziana
exhibits a distinct odor of peppermint caused by the presence of several menthane monoterpenoids,
Octubre 2011
principally pulegone. The Central American P. rutilans var. standleyi is reported from Ecuador, new to
South America. Lectotypes are designated for P. rutilans var. moritziana, P. subtrinitensis, and P.
trichostoma.
Publicación No.: 148 Páramos de Costa Rica / Kappelle, Maarten, (ed.); Horn, Sally P, (ed.). (The Nature
Conservancy. Mesoamerican and Caribbean Region, P.O. Box 230-1225, San José, CR <E-mail:
[email protected]> <E-mail: [email protected]>). Santo Domingo de Heredia: Editorial INBio, 2005. 767
pp. ISBN: 9968-927-09-0.
Este libro está dividido en siete partes. La primera contiene una definición del concepto "páramo" y una
introducción al ecosistema páramo. Además, describe la historia de las exploraciones científicas en los
páramos costarricenses durante el siglo XX. La segunda parte presenta los diferentes aspectos físicos del
ambiente del páramo. Se discuten detalladamente el clima, la geología, la geomorfología, los depósitos
glaciares, los suelos y los lagos, en ese orden. La tercera parte evalúa los diferentes aspectos
paleoecológicos y biogeográficos del páramo en Costa Rica. Los capítulos de esta parte se centran en los
glaciares cuaternarios, la historia del clima, de la vegetación y de los niveles de agua en algunas
turberas, los sedimentos lacustres, las diatómeas fosilizadas y la fitogeografía de las plantas vasculares.
La cuarta parte trata la gran riqueza de hongos, líquenes, briófitas, helechos y plantas vasculares,
mientras que la quinta presenta la temática de la biodiversidad faunística, con énfasis en nematodos,
tardígrados, insectos, moluscos, anfibios, reptiles, aves y mamíferos. La biodiversidad a nivel
ecosistémico se trata en la sexta parte de esta obra y en ella se discuten los ecosistemas como bosques,
matorrales y herbazales, las comunidades vegetales terrestres y acuáticas, y las asociaciones de
insectos. La sétima y última parte del libro cubre los aspectos de conservación y desarrollo -sostenible y
no sostenible- evaluando el impacto humano sobre el páramo, tanto en Costa Rica comoen el
neotrópico en general, y se presentan propuestas de alternativas para un uso más apropiado. La obra
termina con mapas de distribución de los páramos en Costa Rica y Panamá y con una sección de
fotografías a color.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: 581.753.097286 P222.
Publicación No.: 149 Introducción al ecosistema de páramo / Luteyn, James Leonard. (The New York
Botanical Garden. Institute of Systematic Botany, Bronx, NY 10458-5126, US <E-mail:
In: Páramos de Costa Rica. Kappelle, M.; Horn, S.P. (eds.). Santo Domingo de Heredia: Editorial INBio,
2005. p. 37-99. ISBN: 9968-927-09-0.
(No abstract).
Publicación No.: 150 La exploración científica de los páramos costarricenses / Gómez-Pignataro, Luis
Diego. (Academia Nacional de Ciencias y Organización para Estudios Tropicales, Apdo. 676-2050, San
Pedro de Montes de Oca, CR <E-mail: [email protected]>).
2005. p. 101-110. ISBN: 9968-927-09-0.
The first non-indigenous explorer to climb to the highest peak in Costa Rica, Chirripó Grande, was the
German missionary Agustín Blessing, in May 1904. Since then, a series of geological explorations
Octubre 2011
triggered a cascade of scientific research of the páramo ecosystem in Central America for the past
hundred years. Paul Standley was the first botanist to remark, in 1937, the similarity of the Costa Rican
páramo with the South American flora at high altitudes.
Publicación No.: 151 El clima de los páramos de Costa Rica / Herrera, W. (Apartado 2183-4050,
Alajuela, CR <E-mail: [email protected]> <E-mail: [email protected]>).
2005. p. 113-128. ISBN: 9968-927-09-0.
The high summits and continental divides over 3,000 m altitude in the Cordillera Volcánica Central and
the Cordillera de Talamanca are characterized by their wet and sometimes pluvial climate, which is cold
to very cold, with abrupt changes in temperature, cloudiness, relative humidity and insolation conditions which originate frost phenomena, water deficits and even droughts. Climate oscillations are
more important during the period from December to April, when strong northern and northeastern
tradewinds prevail, forming occasional cloud blankets or a breeze with fewer clouds, and contributing to
a lower relative humidity, smaller soil water amounts and temperature declines below 0° C. During the
rainy season, from May to December, the climate iscold due to the cloud effect rather than to winds;
rainy days follow, particularly during the early evenings. Rainfall is not that abundant as in other parts of
the country but some specific spots are pluvial, given the fact that the predominating
evapotranspiration demand is considerably reduced as a result of altitude. In order to get an idea of the
the climate characteristics of the Costa Rican páramos, data from the following climate stations were
analyzed: Volcán Irazú, in the Cordillera Volcánica Central; and Villa Mills, Cerro de la Muerte (station:
Repetidora) and Chirripó in the Cordillera de Talamanca.
Publicación No.: 152 Geología, geomorfología y depósitos glaciares en los páramos de Costa Rica /
Lachniet, M.S.; Seltzer, G.O.; Solís, L. (Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI), Apartado 202,
Balboa, PA <E-mail: [email protected]>).
2005. p. 129-146. ISBN: 9968-927-09-0.
This article presents a brief summary of the glacial geology and superficial deposits in the Costa Rican
páramos, primarily in the Chirripó National Park. As a result of their high elevation, the páramos have
experienced strong climate changes duringthe Pleistocene, when mountain glaciers and ice covered the
highest peaks around Cerros Chirripó, de la Muerte, and Kámuk. There are various glacial deposits such
as subglacial and ablation tills, fluvio-glacial outwash and terraces, kame terraces, and moraines within
the ice limit. Outside the ice limit, periglacial deposits like solifluction fans overlay outwash. Freeze-thaw
processes have produced blockfields on some peaks and resulted in the fracturing of cobbles and
boulders. In addition to these depositional forms, numerous erosive forms typical of mountain glaciation
are present.
Publicación No.: 153 Los suelos de los páramos de Costa Rica / Kappelle, Maarten.; van Uffelen, J.G.
(The Nature Conservancy. Mesoamerican and Caribbean Region, P.O. Box 230-1225, San José, CR <Email: [email protected]>).
Octubre 2011
2005. p. 148-159. ISBN: 9968-927-09-0.
The soils of Costa Rican páramos have been little studied. There are a few publications that, above all,
deal with páramo soil taxonomy. These studies report the presence of Histosols (Lithic Tropofolist, Lithic
Troposaprist, Cryic Spahagnofibrist), Entisols (Lithic Troporthent, Inceptisols (Lithic Humitropept) and
Andosols (Acric Hapludand-Typic Hapludand, Lithic Placaquand). Bioclimatic conditions such as low
temperatures, low precipitation levels and a low evapotranspiration largely influence theformation of
páramo soils. Other fundamental forming factors are andolization (presence of volcanic ashes) and
hydromorphism (soil water saturation, thick humus layer), responsible of the pedogenesis of Andosols
and Histosols, respectively. The soil temperature (at a depth of half a meter), of 8 to 10° C, measured
between 3100 and 3300 m elevation, coincides with the average annual atmospheric temperature at
this elevation. It marks the upper forest limit, as it critically reduces the capacity of plant roots to absorb
water from the soil. In general, Costa Rican páramo soils are characterized by their similarity with soil
types found in the páramos of the Andes, particularly in the high Colombian mountain ranges. It is of
utmost importance to study these soils - considered to be one of the main regulators of the hydrological
resource - with much more detail in the near future, in order to better understand the evolution of the
páramo ecosystem and its patterns and processes, linked to the external edaphic factors which
predominate at these elevations in Central America.
Publicación No.: 154 Limnología de las lagunas glaciales en el páramo del Chirripó, Costa Rica / Horn,
Sally P.; Orvis, K.H.; Haberyan, K.A. (University of Tennessee. Department of Geography, 304 Burchfiel
Geography Building, Knoxville, TN 37996-09251420, US <E-mail: [email protected]> <E-mail:
In: Páramos de Costa Rica. Kappelle, M.; Horn, S.P. (eds.) Santo Domingo de Heredia: Editorial INBio,
2005. p. 161-181. ISBN: 9968-927-09-0.
More than 30 lakes of glacial origin exist within the Chirripó páramo in the Cordillera de Talamanca of
Costa Rica. This chapter describes the geomorphic setting and physical and chemical limnology of 19
lakes located between 3450-3570 m elevation inthe upper basins of five glaciated valleys. All lakes are
clear, dilute, and apparently polymictic. Water chemistry data from 1998, 2000, and 2001 are similar
from lake to lake and year to year, and are consistent with sparse prior measurements between 1966
and 1991. However, the lake water temperatures we have measured are much higher than those
reported by earlier researchers, possibly indicating a change in climate in the páramo.
Publicación No.: 155 Los glaciares cuaternarios y el clima del Cerro Chirripó, Costa Rica / Orvis, K.H.;
Horn, Sally P. (The University of Tennessee. Department of Geography, 304 Burchfiel Geography
Building, Knoxville, TN 37996-09251420, US <E-mail: [email protected]> <E-mail: [email protected]>).
2005. p. 185-213. ISBN: 9968-927-09-0.
We investigated glacial lake sediments and glacial geomorphology in Valle de las Morrenas, a glacial
trough on the north face of Cerro Chirripó, Costa Rica (3,819 m, 9°29'08" N, 83°29'27" W). The most
recent glacier in the valley (Chirripó stage I) receded very rapidly near the end of the Younger Dryas
chronozone. Radiocarbon dates on basal organic sediments from lakes beneath upper, middle, and
Octubre 2011
lower reaches of that glacier fall close together, and two-sigma calibrated ages overlap for the period
9700-9,600 cal yr B.P. Earliest datable transition sediments from the central lake date to 12,360-11,230
cal yr B.P. Larger, older moraines, and associated trimlines, allowed reconstruction of three
paleoglaciers (Chirripó stages II, III, and IV). Computer analysis of the hypsometry using published
tropical-glacier vertical mass balance profiles yields 3,506-3,523, 3,515-3,537, and 3,418-3,509 m
equilibrium line altitudes (ELAs), respectively; Chirripó II ELA-estimate positions applied to Chirripó I,
yield a 3,538-3,546 m ELA. We infer minimal temperature depressions of 7.4-8.0° C for the Chirripó I-IV
stages. Modeling the behavior of modern tropical glaciers yields basin-wide net accumulation estimates
of 440-620, 550-830, and 960-1,760 mm yr, for the Chirripó II, III, and IV stages.
Publicación No.: 156 Historia del clima y de la vegetación montañosa de Costa Rica desde el último
glaciar / Islebe, G.A.; Hooghiemstra, H. (El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Apartado 424, CP 77000,
Chetumal, Quintana Roo, MX <E-mail: [email protected]> <E-mail: [email protected]>).
2005. p. 215-235. ISBN: 9968-927-09-0.
New palynological evidence from the Cordillera de Talamanca (Costa Rica) is presented. The La Chonta 1
core (2,310 m a.s.l.) shows the development of montane vegetation during the Late Quaternary. A
shorter core (La Trinidad III) shows the Late Glacial-Holocene transition, including the La Chonta stadial
based on earlier published evidence. A soil section from the páramo belt at 3,100 m shows vegetation
recovery after fire. Modern pollen rain was studied along an altitudinal transect from 2,100 to 3800 m at
Mt. Chirripó. A comparison with other paleo-ecological data of the region is given to elucidate climatic
and vegetation changes throughout the Central American region. Data show a cooling of 7 to 8° C during
the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) for montane Costa Rica, which is in accordance to data from lowland
Guatemala. A 1.5 to 2.5° C temperature drop is recorded during the Younger Dryas Chron in both Costa
Rica and Guatemala, but apparently not in Panama. Late Glacial-Holocene transition in montane Costa
Rica is established at 10,400 BP between 9.000 and 8,500 BP moist forests developed in mountainous
Costa Rica as well as in lowland Guatemala and Panama. Environmental change during the midHolocene seems me affected by changes in humidity than temperature change throughout Central
America Distribution maps of páramo and montane vegetation in Costa Rica are reconstructed for
10.000 and 18.000 yr based on the now available palynological data. These data indicate that during the
LGM a páramo vegetation corridor existed between northern Costa Rica probably northern Panama.
Publicación No.: 157 Registros de sedimentos lacustres de la vegetación del Holoceno e historia del
fuego en el páramo de Costa Rica / Horn, Sally P.; League, B.L. (The University of Tennessee.
2005. p. 253-273. ISBN: 9968-927-09-0.
We examined pollen, pteridophyte (ferns and fern-allies) spores, and charcoal in a 5.6 m long sediment
core from Lago de las Morrenas 1, and charcoal in a 1.1 m long sediment core from Lago Chirripó, to
reconstruct postglacial vegetation and fire history in the Chirripó páramo. Lago de las Morrenas 1, the
largest lake in the Valle de las Morrenas of Chirripó National Park, is presently surrounded by treeless
Octubre 2011
páramo vegetation and has apparently been so since deglaciation approximately 10,000 radiocarbon
years ago. Pollen spectra suggest no pronounced changes in vegetation since ice retreat. Pollen
percentages for Poaceae and other páramo taxa decline upward, whereas percentages for certain
subalpine, lower montane, and lowland forest taxa increase slightly; these changes may reflect the
impact of prehistoric human activity as well as slight upslope migration of forest taxa owing to
postglacial climatic warming. Cores from both lakes contain abundant microscopic charcoal (examined
on microscope slide as well as macroscopic charcoal (quantified by sieving), indicating that fires set by
people are lightning have repeatedly burned the Chirripó páramo. The microscopic charcoal record from
Lago Chirripó spans the last 4,000 radiocarbon years and shows peaks in fire activity that generally
match peaks in the corresponding section of the Lago de las Morrenas 1 microscopic charcoal record.
The uppermost sections of both sediment cores show lower charcoal influx rates than some deeper
sections, suggestingthat recent fire recurrence intervals in the Chirripó páramo are not unprecedented.
A high-resolution analysis of macroscopic charcoal in contiguous 1-cm intervals of the Lago de las
Morrenas 1 core confirms that fires burned within the lake watershed throughout the Holocene, and
reveals variations in charcoal influx that mad signal Holocene climate variability.
Publicación No.: 158 Un registro de diatomeas que cubre 10.000 años del Lago de las Morrenas 1,
Parque Nacional Chirripó, Costa Rica / Haberyan, K.A.; Horn, Sally P. (NW Missouri State University.
Department of Biology, Maryville, MO 64468, US <E-mail: [email protected]> <E-mail:
2005. p. 275-285. ISBN: 9968-927-09-0.
We examined diatoms preserved in a 5.6 m long lake sediment core from Lago de las Morrenas 1, a
glacial lake located at 3475 m elevation within the páramo of Chirripó Nation Park, Costa Rica. The
sediment profile spans the last 10,000 radiocarbon years, since ice la retreated from the site. We
identified and counted diatoms on microscope slides prepared from 21 levels in the core, and scanned
slides from 31 additional levels (sample interval 20 cm). At each level, at least ninety-five percent of
alldiatoms belong to a single species of Aulacoseira that appears to be a new species in the A. alpigena /
A. lirata complex. This taxon is common in other lakes on the Chirripó massif, and may be the same
species observed in high altitude lakes it Andes. Based on what we know of the ecology of this diatom,
its dominance throughout the Lago de las Morrenas 1 record suggests that the lake has always been
cold, polymictic, and clear. The great Secchi depth of the lake (7.5 m) may allow the Aulacoseira
filaments adequate illuminate while they lie on the bottom. Two peaks in the diatom accumulation rate
seem to correlate with peaks in charcoal in this core and in a core from nearby Lago Chirripó, and may
be related to fire effects in the watershed or possiblyto lower lake levels resulting from local drought.
However neither fire nor local droughts appear to have affected the composition of the diatom flora,
whit may be insensitive to any limnological changes arising from such occurrences.
Publicación No.: 159 Fitogeografía de la flora del páramo de la Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica /
Cleef, A.M.; Chaverri-Polini, Adelaida. (Universiteit van Amsterdam. Institute for biodiversity and
Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), P.O. Box 94062, 1090 GB, Amsterdam, NL <E-mail: [email protected]>).
Octubre 2011
2005. p. 287-304. ISBN: 9968-927-09-0.
One-hundred fifty indigenous vascular plant genera were recognized in the páramo of the Cordillera de
Talamanca, Costa Rica. Data were mainly based on botanical-ecological exploration in the páramos of
Cerro de la Muerte (Buenavista) and Chirripó during 1983 and 1984, and on collections at the National
Herbarium in San José (CR) and Utrecht University (U). Seven geographic flora elements were
distinguished, viz., páramo (with 4% of the genera), neotropical-montane (25%), wide tropical (7%),
holarctic (15%), austral-antartic (14%), wide temperate (24%) and cosmopolitan (11%). This subdivision
was compared the one available for Colombian páramos. The larger proportion of the temperate
component in Costa Rica may be attributed to a more northwestern geographical position of the
country. Otherwise, the Talamanca páramo flora shares about 95% of its vascular genera with Andes.
Genera Iltisia and Westoniella are endemic to the Talamanca range (from Costa Rica to western
Panama). A separate Mexican-Guatemalan sub-element and a tropical Andean sub-element are
distinguished under the neotropical-montane element. The Cordillera de Talamanca represents the
north-westernmost border for various genera belonging to the la sub-element and at the same time
represents the southernmost boundary for a number of Holarctic genera (e.g., Cirsium,
Comarostaphylis, Garrya, Helianthemum, Mahonia). Stricking is the poor representation of genera of
Scrophulariaceae and Melastomataceae in Talamanca páramos. The austral-antarctic element is fairly
well represented here. Some genera belonging to the wide temperate element have apparently
immigrated from the Andes (e.g., Hypericum, Plantago), or from Central and North America (e.g.,
Gentiana, Hieracium). The Plio-Pleistocenesequence of glacial intervals must have played an important
role in the migration history of the different floras, leading to the present-day diversity of the Cordillera
de Talamanca, apart from other factors such as the large floristic diversity in adjacent lowland areas,
great habitat diversity and large migration possibilities of the species.
Publicación No.: 160 Líquenes de los páramos de Costa Rica / Sipman, Henricus J.M. (Free University of
Berlin. Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Königin-Luise-Str. 6-8, D-14191
Berlin, DE <E-mail: [email protected]>).
2005. p. 343-360. ISBN: 9968-927-09-0.
Based on literature and herbarium specimens, 219 lichen taxa are reported from the páramos of Costa
Rica, defined as the land surface above 3000 m elevation. This includes 204 fully identified species and a
set of 15 unidentified species belonging toother genera. Most species are widespread throughout the
tropics or neotropics, and only few species are restricted to Costa Rica or reach their northern or
southern limit in this region. The páramo lichen flora differs strongly from the one of the surrounding
lowlands, as is evidenced by the scarcity of orders like Arthoniales, Graphidales and Pyrenulales, and the
abundance of species of the order Lecanorales. The dominant growth forms are foliose and fruticose,
probably because these forms enhance water uptake and drying, and thus contribute to the
maintenance of poikilohydric growth conditions in the humid páramo climate. Bush fires have a
profound impact on the lichenological flora. Therefore, it is recommended to conduct studies following
fire at sites where recolonization by lichens is taking place.
Octubre 2011
Publicación No.: 161 Briofitas de los páramos de Costa Rica / Gradstein, Stephan Robbert.; Holz, Ingo.
(University of Göttingen. Albrecht von Haller Institute of Plant Sciences, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073
Göttingen, DE <E-mail: [email protected]> <E-mail: [email protected]>).
2005. p. 361-374. ISBN: 9968-927-09-0. The páramos of Costa Rica are inhabited by a rich bryophyte
flora. Two hundred species (117 mosses, 113 liverworts) are recorded, totalling about 28% of the entire
bryophyte flora of the Neotropical páramos. The number of species recorded has increased more than
50% since the previous census (Luteyn 1999). It is speculated that the Costa Rican páramos may
eventually prove to hold more than three hundred species. Endemism among Costa Rican páramo
bryophytes is low: one species is endemic to Costa Rica (Cryptothallus hirsutus), 4 to Central America, 19
(8%) to Neotropical páramo, and 25 (11%) to the northern Andes. The bryophyte flora is made up of a
mixture of tropical and temperate (20%) taxa. Almost all of the bryophyte species of Costa Rican páramo
occur also in Colombia, which reflects the similar phytogeographic make-ups of the páramo bryophyte
floras of the two countries.
Publicación No.: 162 Helechos de los páramos de Costa Rica / Barrington, D.S. (University of Vermont.
Department of Botany, Pringle Herbarium, 225 B Marsh Life Science Building, Burlington, VT 054050086, US <E-mail: [email protected]>).
2005. p. 375-395. ISBN: 9968-927-09-0.
The páramos of Costa Rica harbor 25 genera of pteridophytes with a total of 80 species. The most
diverse genera are Elaphoglossum with 12 species and Huperzia with nine species. Almost half of the
species have a broad distribution, but by contrast 25% are endemic to the páramos of Costa Rica and
Panama. These percentages suggest that the Costa Rican-Panamanian páramo can be modeled as an
oceanic archipelago that is relatively close to its source area for migration, but which has a small target
area.The Andean element is prominent among the true páramo ferns, judging from the number that
belongs to genera with mostly Andean species. Comparison of the Andean páramo ferns with those of
Costa Rica reveals the large majority of the genera are common in both regions. However, there are
some species derived from the alpine zone of southern Mexico and Chiapas as well. Many of the páramo
ferns found in Costa Rica have morphologies compatible with fire and cold, the key environmental
variables in the páramo. For example, ferns often have deep-buried rhizomes.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: 581.753.097286 P222; NBINA-4914.
Publicación No.: 163 Plantas con flores de los páramos de Costa Rica y Panamá: el páramo ístmico /
Vargas, G.; Sánchez-González, José Joaquín. (Parque Zoológico y Jardín Botánico Nacional Simón Bolívar.
Centro de Conservación Santa Ana, FUNDAZOO, Apartado 11595-100, San José, CR <E-mail:
2005. p. 397-435. ISBN: 9968-927-09-0.
In this study, a list of 416 flowering plants from the páramos in Costa Rica and Panama is presented. The
list has annotations about geographic and altitudinal distribution, phenology and also synonymous of
some species. The work is based on specimens deposited at the National Herbarium of Costa Rica (CR),
Herbarium of the University of Costa Rica (CR) and herbarium of National Institute of Biodiversity (INB),
Octubre 2011
collections done by the authors, and from the literature for the localities in Panama. We discuss about
floristic diversity and geographic and altitudinal distributions of the species. The term "Isthmian
Páramo" is introduced to differentiate the Central American páramos from those in South America,
based on the composition of species and thehigh degree of endemism in the páramos of Costa Rica and
Panama. We also discuss some phenological aspects related to rainfall patterns in the páramos.
Publicación No.: 164 El mosaico de formas de crecimiento en los páramos de Costa Rica / Weberling,
Focko.; Furchheim-Weberling, B. (University of Ulm. Arbeitsgruppe Biosystematik der Universität,
Schloßbau Wiblingen, D-89079 Ulm, DE <E-mail: [email protected]> <E-mail:
2005. p. 437-471. ISBN: 9968-927-09-0.
The growth forms of several plant species highly characteristic for páramo vegetation have been
analyzed. Their ontogeny was studied in relation to their environmental conditions. Most of the
investigations have been performed in the region of the Cerro de la Muerte, Buenavista Massif (32003491 m elevation). Species treated are: Myrrhidendron donnell-smithii (Apiaceae), Senecio firmipes, S.
andicola (Asteraceae), Coriaria ruscifolia (Coriariaceae), Comarostaphylis arbutoides ssp. arbutoides,
Pernettia coriacea, P. prostrata, Vaccinium consanguineum, V. floribundum, (Ericaceae), Escallonia
myrtilloides (Grossulariaceae), Hypericum irazuense, H. strictum, H. caracasanum (Hypericaceae),
Chusquea subtessellata (Poaceae-Bambusoideae), Acaena cylindristachya and A. elongata (Rosaceae).
Publicación No.: 165 Nematodos de los páramos de Costa Rica / Esquivel-Hernández, Alejandro.
(Universidad Nacional. Escuela de Ciencias Agrarias, Heredia, CR <E-mail: [email protected]>).
2005. p. 479-488. ISBN: 9968-927-09-0.
The nematode diversity, abundance and community structure were studied in three vegetation types in
Costa Rican páramo. Samples were processed implementing Cobb's modified decanting and sieving
procedure and Oostenbrink's elutriator methods. All contrasting morphotypes were collected and
permanently stored on Cobb's slides. A taxonomic impediment only allowed for the identification of
seven orders, 26 families, 54 genera and 4 species. The abundance, feeding type, dominance and
maturity index of thenematode communities were evaluated. Nematode abundance was highest in the
first ten cm of soils under arrayan (Comarostaphylis dominated) dwarf forests. These results suggest a
relation between nematode abundance and soil characteristics. The distribution of c-p groups shows a
high percentage of opportunistic nematodes composed mainly of 'c-p = 2', affecting calculations for the
maturity index (MI) and total maturity index (?MI). Typical environmental stress conditions of páramo
(low temperatures and humidity fluctuations) apparently affect the establishment of dorylaimids. The
observed nematode communities are characterized by a high percentage of plant, hyphal and bacterial
feeders.
Octubre 2011
Publicación No.: 166 Insectos de los páramos de Costa Rica / Kappelle, Maarten. (The Nature
Conservancy. Mesoamerican and Caribbean Region, P.O. Box 230-1225, San José, CR <E-mail:
2005. p. 493-499. ISBN: 9968-927-09-0.
According to the specimen collections stored at Costa Rica's Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad en Costa
Rica (INBio), a total of 7 orders, 19 families, 55 genera, and 71 insect species are known from the
páramos of Costa Rica. The collected specimens originate from the higher parts (3100 m.a.s.l.) of the
Cordillera de Talamanca and the Cordillera Volcánica Central. Lepidoptera is the most diverse order. The
most abundant species are: Hortensia similis, Bombus ephippiatus and Gonodonta pyrgo.
Publicación No.: 167 Moluscos terrestres de los páramos de Costa Rica / Barrientos-Llosa, Zaideth.
(Universidad Nacional. Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Heredia, CR <E-mail: [email protected]>).
2005. p. 501-512. ISBN: 9968-927-09-0.
There are few studies in Costa Rica focusing on the diversity and ecology of terrestrial mollusks. This is
the first report referring to the malacofauna of the Costa Rican páramos. Mollusk material was collected
in an opportunistic way during a twelve day period at different páramo sites (Chirripó Massif, Mt.
Cuericí, Mt. de la Muerte Massif and Irazú Volcano). In total, some 27 morpho-species were found,
belonging to eight families; the best represented groups concerned the Helicarionidae with 14 morphospecies and Orthalicidae with four. The fact that more than half of the recorded species belonged to
Helicarionidae is striking. The possibility of a center of diversity is put forward and the need to study
more intensively the higher areas of the country is stressed.
Publicación No.: 168 Anfibios y reptiles de los páramos y sus alrededores en Costa Rica / Kappelle,
Maarten.; Savage, Jay M. (The Nature Conservancy. Mesoamerican and Caribbean Region, P.O. Box 2301225, San José, CR <E-mail: [email protected]> <E-mail: [email protected]>).
2005. p. 513-519. ISBN: 9968-927-09-0.
A total of three orders, eight families, nine genera and nineteen species have been reported within the
herpetofauna of the páramos and adjacent upper montae forests of Costa Rica. Only three of these are
true páramo species: the salamander Bolitoglossa pesrubra and the lizards Mesapis monticola and
Sceloporus malachiticus.
Publicación No.: 169 Aves de los páramos de Costa Rica / Barrantes-Montero, Gilbert. (Universidad de
Costa Rica. Escuela de Biología, Museo de Zoología, San José, CR <E-mail:
2005. p. 521-532. ISBN: 9968-927-09-0.
A high endemism and diverse biogeographic origin are typical characteristics of the avifauna in the Costa
Rican páramo and adjacent forests. In total, 70 species were regularly or temporally observed in this
Octubre 2011
highland ecosystem. From the total, 12 species were identified as páramo species. These species were
abundant and present for the most of the year in this environment. Another 34 species were commonly
observed at the páramo edge and the remaining were occasional visitors. Birds were assigned to
different trophic groups and the role of such guilds was described for the páramo and the border as
well. Overall, 8% of plants in the páramo rely on birds for pollination and 20% for dispersion of seeds.
These figures largely contrast with other tropical ecosystems where most plant species depend on birds
for seed dispersal.
Publicación No.: 170 Ecosistemas de los páramos del Área de Conservación La Amistad-Pacífico en
Costa Rica / Kappelle, Maarten.; Castro-Campos, Marco Vinicio.; Garita-Meneses, A.; González-Arce,
Luis.; Monge-Quesada, Hubert. (The Nature Conservancy (TNC), Apartado Postal 230-1225, San José, CR
<E-mail: [email protected]> <E-mail: [email protected]> <E-mail: [email protected]> <E-mail:
2005. p. 549-575. ISBN: 9968-927-09-0.
The páramo ecosystem results of the ECOMAPAS inventory and mapping project in the La AmistadPacifico Conservation Area (ACLA-P) are presented. The Rapid Ecological Assessment (REA) methodology
was applied, thus interpreting recent aerial photographs conducting field work and subsequent
classification and digital mapping of ecosystems at a scale of 1:50,000 within a GIS framework. During
various trips to the field during the years 2000, 2001 and 2002 a total of 40 sample points was
established in páramo ecosystems. At then points, ecological and geographical data were collected, and
the floristic composition recorder Botanical specimens of unknown species were gathered, in order to
be identified at a later staff at the INBio herbarium. Using UNESCO's (1973) ecological classification, a
total of 21 ecosystems ms were identified, distributed between 13 subalpine (3100-3300 m elevation)
and eight alpine (3300-3819 m elevation) ecosystems. Three ecosystems were forested, eight were
shrubby a bushy, and ten were predominantly herbaceous. A total of 230 species of vascular plants were
recorded. A bamboo cane known as batamba (Chusquea subtessellata) was the most abundant species,
giving the páramo biome in Costa Rica a bamboo brake appearance.
Publicación No.: 171 Comunidades vegetales de los páramos de los macizos de Chirripó y Buena Vista,
Costa Rica / Chaverri-Polini, Adelaida.; Cleef, A.M. (Universidad Nacional. Escuela de Ciencias
Ambientales; Programa ECOMA; Apdo. 86-3000, Heredia, CR <E-mail: [email protected]>).
2005. p. 577-592. ISBN: 9968-927-09-0.
The páramo communities are floristically described, including the most common physical factors
affecting it. Descriptions of the páramo communities were based on 73 releveés established in the
Chirripó and Buena Vista (Cerro de la Muerte) massifs, following the methodology of the ZurichMontpellier school (Braun-Blanquet 1979), modified by Cleef (1981). Páramo vegetation was subdivided
into two belts, subpáramo and grass páramo. The communities were classified into zonal and azonal.
Three zonal communities were described for the subpáramo and four for the grass páramo. Almost all
azonal communities described were found in the grass páramo. There are classified into hydric and xeric
communities. The importance of páramo vegetation conservation was briefly discussed.
Octubre 2011
Publicación No.: 172 Dinámica de la vegetación después de fuegos recientes en los páramos de
Buenavista y Chirripó, Costa Rica / Horn, Sally P. (The University of Tennessee. Department of
Geography, 304 Burchfiel Geography Building, Knoxville, TN 37996-09251420, US <E-mail:
2005. p. 631-655. ISBN: 9968-927-09-0.
Field studies following fires in the Buenavista (La Muerte Massif) and Chirripó páramos demonstrate
that woody species show varying responses to fire. The bamboo Chusquea subtessellata and the
ericaceous shrubs Vaccinium consanguineum and Pernettia prostrata typically resprout vigorously after
fire, but rarely if ever recolonize burn sites by seeding. The shrub Hypericum irazuense, in contrast,
generally suffers high mortality in páramo fires, but successfully reestablishes by seed following all
butthe largest fires. Preexisting vegetation, fire characteristics, and site differences both before and
after burning likely affect rates of shrub and herb survival, colonization, and growth in páramo burn
sites, but mcg comparative studies are necessary to document influences. Among woody species,
Chusquea subtessellata shows the fastest postfire growth rates; clumps of bamboo that were 1-2 m high
prior to burning will have regained their prefire heights within 10 years. Associated shrub species may
require a decade or more to recover comparable postfire statures; some will regain prefire height within
a decade but most will not have regained their prefire s diameter. Bare patches of ground between
regenerating shrubs and bamboo clumps persist for a decade or more following burning.
Publicación No.: 173 Homogeneidad geográfica en comunidades de insectos en los páramos
neotropicales: prueba de una hipótesis / Barrientos-Llosa, Zaideth.; Monge-Nájera, Julián. (Universidad
Nacional. Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Heredia, CR <E-mail: [email protected]> <E-mail:
2005. p. 657-666. ISBN: 9968-927-09-0.
Insect communities of several Neotropical páramos were compared using data from the literature and a
sampling conducted at Cerro Chirripó, Costa Rica (9°30'N; 83°30'W, altitude 3450 m). A total of 8000 net
sweeps yielded 144 morphospecies within 16 orders. Diptera was the order with most morphospecies (7
0) followed by Hymenoptera (23), Lepidoptera (18) and Coleoptera (15). Groupe in habiting humid
microhabitats were more diverse. Adult nectarivores, and inmature saprophages, herbivores and
parasites were most abundant. Statistical analyses were unable to reject the hypothesis that the
taxonomic composition is similar among Neotropical páramos.
Publicación No.: 174 Conservación, visitación y manejo del Parque Nacional Chirripó, Costa Rica /
Chaverri-Polini, Adelaida.; Esquivel-Garrote, O. (Universidad Nacional. Escuela de Ciencias Ambientales;
Programa ECOMA; Apdo. 86-3000, Heredia, CR).
2005. p. 669-699. ISBN: 9968-927-09-0.
Octubre 2011
The importance of conservation of Chirripó National Park is discussed and a brief history about its
establishment is offered. Visitation within the national park, past and present, is commented,
emphasizing researchers and sport groups. The reasons for the fragility of the park are discussed, as well
as the present management problems due to the high number of visitors and illegal activities, which still
take place within the park. A list of measures taken by the park management, in order to diminish the
impact, is mentioned. A brief account of vegetation fires is offered as an example of human impact.
Conservation measures are recommended to all visitors and nearby inhabitants.
Publicación No.: 175 Costa Rica and Panama [Costa Rica y Panamá] / Luteyn, James Leonard. (The New
York Botanical Garden. Institute of Systematic Botany, Bronx, NY 10458-5126, US <E-mail:
In: Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden (ISSN 0077-8931). In: Páramos: A checklist of plant
diversity, geographical distribution, and botanical literature\par, v. 84, p. 138-141. 1999.
The páramos of Costa Rica and Panama are located in the Cordillera de Talamanca, the backbone of
eastern Costa Rica and adjacent western Panama. About 60 km² of páramo occur in the massive Cerro
Chirripó region (Cleef & Chaverri, 1992), with a scattered few others toward the border with Panama.
There the párramo is found between 3300 and 3819 m elevation and is dominated by the dwarf bamboo
Chusquea subtessellata, which may form a ground cover of up to 60% (Kappelle, 1990). The páramo-like
vegetation along the Panamerican Highway, in the region known as Cerro de La Muerte, at about 3100
m, is manmade (fire-induced), with numerous characteristic páramo plants found in exposed boggy
sites, locally called "paramillo," "ciénagas," or "turberas." The peaks of Volcán Irazú (3432 m) and Volcán
Turrialba (3339 m) are páramo-like in appearance but are not true páramos. Hunter (1959) estimated
that about 1000 ha (ca. 10 km², or 0.02% of the total land area, of Costa Rica was páramo. In Panama,
the very summit of Volcán Barú (also known as Cerro Chiriquí), at 3475 m, has páramo-like vegetation,
although it is now impossible to say what the original vegetation was like since the top has been
bulldozed for communication towers. True undisturbed páramo does seem to occur in Panama near the
border with Costa Rica in areas such as Cerro Echandi (3160 m) and Cerro Fábrega (3335 m) (fide G.
Davidse collection labels). Costa Rican and Panamanian national parks that include páramo are Chirripó
(in Costa Rica) and Volcán Barú (in Panama), both units of the larger Parque Internacional de la Amistad
shared by the two countries. For further information about Costa Rican and Panamanian páramo
vegetation see Chaverri, unpubl. data; Chaverri et al., 1997; Cleef & Chaverri, 1992; Gómez P., 1986,
1994; Hooghiemstra et al., 1992; Horn, 1990b; Janzen, 1983; Kappelle, 1991; Vargas Ulate & Sánchez G.,
unpubl. data; Weber, 1958, 1959; and Weston, 1981a, 1981b.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S10677. C9-94.
Publicación No.: 176 Geographic variation in the Fiery-throated Hummingbird, Panterpe insignis
[Variación geográfica en el colibrí garganta de fuego, Panterpe insignis] / Stiles, F. Gary. (Universidad
Nacional de Colombia. Departamento de Biología, Ciudad Universitaria, AA-35884, Bogotá, CO <E-mail:
In: Neotropical Ornithology. Buckley, P.A.; Foster, M.S.; Morton, E.S.; Ridgely, R.S.; Buckley, F.G. (eds.)
Washington, D.C: American Ornithologists's Union, 1985. p. 23-30. (Ornithological Monographs; no. 36).
ISBN: 0-943610-44-3.
Octubre 2011
Geographic variation in the measurements and coloration of Pan-terpe insignis is described, with
particular reference to a newly discovered population on Volcán Miravalles in the Cordillera de
Guanacaste of northwestern Costa Rica. This population, which extends the distribution of the species
ca. 50 km to the northwest, has probably been isolated since the Pleistocene and is sufficiently
differentiated to warrant recognition as P. i. eisenmanni, new subspecies. The ecology and annual cycle
of the Volcán Miravalles population, and seasonal movements in other populations, are briefly
described.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: N.
Publicación No.: 177 Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Neotropical Region. Part III.
Subfamilies Parandrinae, Prioninae, Anoplodermatinae, Aseminae, Spondylidinae, Lepturinae,
Oxypeltinae, and addenda to the Cerambycinae and Lamiinae [Catálogo de los Cerambycidae
(Coleoptera) de la región Neotropical. Parte III. Subfamilias Parandrinae, Prioninae, Anoplodermatinae,
Aseminae, Spondylidinae, Lepturinae, Oxypeltinae y adición a los Cerambycinae y Lamiinae] / Monné,
Miguel A. (Museu Nacional/Universidad Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Departamento de Entomologia,
Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, 29840-040, Rio de Janeiro, BR <E-mail: [email protected]>).
In: Zootaxa (ISSN 1175-5326), no. 1212, p. 3-244. 2006.
A catalogue of the subfamilies Parandrinae (two tribes, four genera and 39 species), Prioninae (nine
tribes, 83 genera, 309 species and 13 subspecies), Anoplodermatinae (three tribes, 10 genera and 27
species), Aseminae (two tribes, five genera, 18 species and two subspecies), Oxypeltinae (two genera
and three species), Spondylidinae (one genus and one species) and Lepturinae (two tribes, 51 genera,
237 species and two subspecies) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) of the Neotropical Region is presented.
Under each family-group name bibliographical references are given and under each species-group
name, data on the type-locality, the acronym of the institution where the type is deposited, the
geographical distribution and detailed bibliographical references are provided. In Prioninae,
Callipogonini: Anacanthus Audinet-Serville, 1832, preoccupied by Anacanthus Gray, 1830 (Pisces) is
substituted by Chorenta Gistel, 1848. In Lepturinae, Lepturini: Euryptera virgata Gounelle, 1911, new
status; Necydalini: Platynocera Blanchard, 1851, preoccupied by Platynocera Blanchard, 1847,
Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae is substituted by Stenorhopalus Blanchard, 1851. Omissions to Monne
(2005a, b) are given in the addenda. The following taxa described February 2005 were absent and now
are included: Cotyachryson inspergatus (Fairmaire & Germain, 1859), new comb. in Achrysonini,
Urorcites Thomson, 1878 in Elaphidiini, Areotis Bates, 1867 in Graciliini, Limernaea Thomson, 1878 in
Hesperophanini, Trichoplon Martins, 1967 in Ibidionini, Ischasia ecclinusae, I. mareki, I. pouteriae, I.
sabatieri, I. viridithorax, Ommata (Ommata) gallardi, Ommata (Eclipta) bauhiniae, O. (E.) giuglarisi, O.
(E.) guianensis, O. (E.) kawensis, O. (E.) lauraceae, O. (E.) pilosipes, O. (E.) vasconezi, Ommata
(Rhopalessa) durantoni, Phygopoda ingae, in Rhinotragini, all Penaherrera-Leiva & Tavakilian, 2004,
Epipodocarpus Bosq, 1951 in Tillomorphini and in Trachyderini, Trachyderina, Vianauragus, new name
for Uragus Guerin-Meneville, 1844, not Uragus Keyserling & Blasius, 1840, Aves. The following new
names are given, in Achrysonini: Achryson jolyi, new name to replace Achryson concolor Joly, 2000
preoccupied by Achryson concolor LeConte, 1873 (Geropa) and Cerdaia new name to replace Pehuenia
Cerda, 1980, preoccupied by Pehuenia Roth, 1902, extinct Mammalia; in Elaphidiini: Anelaphus martinsi,
new name to replace Anelaphus fasciatus Martins, 2005, preoccupied by Anelaphus fasciatus (Fisher,
1932); in Rhopalophorini: Rhopaliella new name to replace Rhopalina Monn, 1990, preoccupied by
Rhopalina Tinkham, 1939, Orthoptera; in Trachyderini, Trachyderina: Chemsakiella new name to replace
Octubre 2011
Linsleyella Chemsak, 1984, preoccupied by Linsleyella Rohr, 1980, Mollusca, Laneiella new name to
replace Pujolia Lane, 1973, preoccupied by Pujolia Levasseur, 1968, Coleoptera, Neomegaderus new
name to replace Megaderus Dejean, 1821, preoccupied by Megaderus Rafinesque, 1815, Pisces; in
Incertae Sedis: Tippmannia new name to replace Dolichopterus Tippmann, 1953, preoccupied by
Dolichopterus Hall, 1859, Eurypterida. One new synonym is proposed: Championa chemsaki Martins &
Napp, 1992 = Championa bifasciata Noguera & Chemsak, 1997.
Publicación No.: 178 Conservación de áreas silvestres en Centroamérica [Wildland conservation in
Central America] / La Bastille, A. Turrialba: CATIE, 1978. 41 pp.
(No abstract).
Publicación No.: 179 Líquenes de Costa Rica [Costa Rica lichens]. Umaña-Tenorio, Loengrin.; Sipman,
Henricus J.M. (Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Apdo. 22-3100, Santo Domingo de Heredia, CR <Email: [email protected]> <E-mail: [email protected]>). Santo Domingo de Heredia: Instituto
Nacional de Biodiversidad, 2002. 156 pp. ISBN: 9968-702-74-9.
Introduction: Although some 20,000 species of lichens have been identified in the world to date (Nash,
1996), defining them is a very difficult task, as they are the result of an association between a fungus
(known as a mycobiont) and a microscopicalalga (called a photobiont). These algae may be found on
almost any type of surface, including rocks, leaves and bark. It is important to note that they are
different from the well-known sea weeds. The association is called a symbiosis, since it is long-lasting
and both partners support each other. The alga provides the fungus with sugars from its photosynthetic
process, while the fungus retains water which keeps the alga wet for a prolonged time and the fungus
protects the alga from ultraviolet light. The other elements required by both organisms, such as
minerals, come from dust and rain. Because lichens are a combination of two micro-organisms (a fungus
and an alga in a symbiotic association), which are totally different from each other but live together in
harmony, they have unique ecological characteristics.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: 589.1097286 U48-l.
Publicación No.: 180 A first assessment of the Ticolichen biodiversity inventory in Costa Rica: the
genus Coenogonium (Ostropales: Coenogoniaceae), with a world-wide key and checklist and a
phenotype-based cladistic analysis [Primera evaluación del inventario de biodiversidad de los
ticolíquenes en Costa Rica: el género Coenogonium (Ostropales: Coenogoniaceae), con una clave, lista
mundial y fenotipo con base a análisis cladístico] / Rivas-Plata, Eimy.; Lücking, Robert.; Aptroot, André.;
Sipman, Henricus J.M.; Chaves-Chaves, José Luis.; Umaña-Tenorio, Loengrin.; Lizano, Daniela.
(Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia. Laboratorio de Cultivo de Tejidos Vegetales, Av. Honorio
Delgado 430, San Martín de Porres, Lima, PE <e-mail: [email protected]> <E-mail: email:
[email protected]> <E-mail: [email protected]> <E-mail: [email protected]> <Email: [email protected]> <E-mail: [email protected]>).
In: Fungal Diversity (ISSN 1560-2745), v. 23, p. 255-321. 2006.
A treatment of filamentous and crustose species of the lichen genus Coenogonium in Costa Rica is
presented, reporting a total of 48 taxa, including seven of unresolved taxonomic status. Eight species
Octubre 2011
and one form are described as new to science: C. aciculatum Lücking & Aptroot sp. nov., C. barbatum
Lücking, Aptroot & Umaña sp. nov., C. byssothallinum Aptroot & Lücking sp. nov., C. kalbii Aptroot,
Lücking & Umaña sp. nov., C. luteocitrinum Rivas Plata, Lücking & Umaña sp. nov., C. magdalenae Rivas
Plata, Lücking & Lizano sp. nov., C. saepincola Aptroot, Sipman & Lücking sp. nov., C. siquirrense f.
denticulatum Rivas Plata & Lücking f. nov., C. strigosum Rivas Plata, Lücking & Chaves sp. nov. The
following new combinations and nomenclatural novelties are introduced: C. antonianum Lücking,
Aptroot & Sipman nom. nov., C. atroluteum (Vain.) Lücking, Aptroot & Sipman comb. nov., C.
bacilliferum (Malme) Lücking, Aptroot & Sipman comb. nov., C. degeneri (Kalb & Vezda) Kalb & Lücking
comb. nov., C. eximium (Vezda) Kalb & Lücking comb. nov., C. frederici (Kalb) Kalb & Lücking comb. nov.,
C. isidiatum (G. Thor & Vezda) Lücking, Aptroot & Sipman comb. nov., C. isidiigerum (Vezda & Osorio)
Lücking, Aptroot & Sipman comb. nov., C. isidiosum (Breuss) Rivas PlataLücking, Umana & Chaves comb.
nov., C. luteolum (Kalb) Kalb & Lücking comb. nov., C. nepalense (G. Thor & Vezda) Lücking, Aptroot &
Sipman comb. nov., C. perminutum (Malme) Lücking, Aptroot & Sipman comb. et stat. nov., C.
persistens (Malme) Lücking, Aptroot & Sipman comb. et stat. nov., C. pertenue (Stirt.) Kalb & Lücking
comb. nov., C. pocsii (Vezda & Farkas) Lücking, Aptroot & Sipman comb. nov., C. pusillum (Mont.)
Lücking, Aptroot & Sipman comb. nov., C. pyrophthalmum (Mont.) Lücking, Aptroot & Sipman comb.
nov., C. stenosporum (Malme) Lücking, Aptroot & Sipman comb. nov., C. stramineum (Aptroot &
Seaward) Lücking, Aptroot & Sipman comb. nov., C. subdentatum (Vezda & G. Thor) Rivas Plata, Lücking,
Umana & Chaves comb. nov., C. subdilutum (Malme) Lücking, Aptroot & Sipman comb. nov., C.
subfallaciosum (Vezda & Farkas) Lücking, Aptroot & Sipman comb. nov., C. subsquamosum (Aptroot &
Seaward) Lücking, Aptroot & Sipman comb. nov., C. tavaresianum (Vezda) Lücking, Aptroot & Sipman
comb. nov., and C. weberi (Vezda) Lücking, Aptroot & Sipman comb. nov. Coenogonium complexum Nyl.
is established as a synonym of C. tuckermanii. Ten species are new records for Costa Rica. A phenotypebased cladistic analysis of 54 taxa using 49 characters supports merging Dimerella with Coenogonium
and suggests polyphyletic origin of species with filamentous thallus structure. As additional result of our
studies, we present a world-wide working key to the 82 accepted species of Coenogonium and an
updated checklist including the status of 186 further names in Coenogonium and its twelve generic
synonyms Biatorinopsis, Byssiplaca, Coenogoniomycella, Coenogoniomyces, Coenomycogonium,
Didymopycnomyces, Dimerella, Flabellomyces, Holocoenis, Lecaniopsis, Microphiale, and
Mycocoenogonium.
Publicación No.: 181 ¿Cómo y cuánto se benefician la economía y la comunidad de las áreas silvestres
protegidas en Costa Rica? / Fürst-Weigand, Edgar.; Moreno-Díaz, Mary Luz.; García, Daniela.; Zamora,
Edwin. (Universidad Nacional. Centro Internacional en Política Económica para el Desarrollo Sostenible
(CINPE), Heredia, CR <E-mail: [email protected]> <E-mail: [email protected]>). Heredia: Universidad
Nacional / CINPE, 2004. 219 pp.
(No abstract).
Publicación No.: 182 Altitudinal zonation of montane oak forests along climate and soil gradients in
Costa Rica [Zonificación altitudinal de los robledales montanos a lo largo de gradientes climáticas y de
Octubre 2011
suelos en Costa Rica] / Kappelle, Maarten.; van Uffelen, J.G. (The Nature Conservancy. Mesoamerican
and Caribbean Region, P.O. Box 230-1225, San José, CR <E-mail: [email protected]>).
In: Ecology and conservation of Neotropical montane oak forests. Kappelle, M. (ed.). Berlin-Heidelberg:
Springer-Verlag, 2006. p. 39-54. (Ecological Studies Series; v. 185). ISBN: 978-3-540-28909-8.
Conclusions: We conclude that climate factors and soil properties strongly influence forest structure,
composition and diversity. Temperature seems to be the principal factor controlling the distribution of
montane oak forest communities on Costa Rica?s Chirripó Mountain. This observation is in line with
conclusions drawn from studies on other tropical mountains (e.g., van der Hammen et al. 1983, 1989a;
Kitayama and Mueller-Dombois 1994a, b; Vázquez and Givnish 1998; Ashton 2003; Kappelle
2004).Amounts and distribution of water vapor, nutrient availability, and light regime also play a major
role in determining the forest structure and composition of montane forests on wet tropical mountains
such as Chirripó. Observations at this oak-dominated mountain massif support the theory of a close
correlation between the lower-upper montane forest ecotone and the diurnal cloud base, as previously
documented by Grubb and Stevens (1985) for highland forests in Papua New Guinea. Ashton (2003)
adds that the elevation of the diurnal cloud base is set by the relative humidity and rate of cooling of
warm lowland air being conducted up slopes as it warms during the morning. This appears to be the
case at Chirripó, too. Climatic changes observed on Cerro Chirripó do not differ much from those found
along altitudinal transects in Colombia (van der Hammen et al. 1983, 1989a). On Costa Rican as well as
on Colombian neotropical mountains, the diurnal climate is much more pronounced than the yearly
cycle. The average temperature in Chirripó's cool-humid montane oak forests depends principally on
elevation, as temperature decreases with increasing altitude.A drop of 0.57 °C per 100-m increase in
altitude is concordant with values estimated for other tropical mountains (Ohsawa et al. 1985; Walter
1985; Kitayama 1992). Sub-soil temperatures on Chirripó change with elevation, and reflect annual air
temperatures. Differences between hydrological regimes, as expressed in super-humid Atlantic slopes
versus wet but seasonally marked Pacific slopes with a clear dry season, also play a crucial role in
shaping montane forests in Costa Rica, similarly to other tropical mountains (Grubb 1977; Bruijnzeel et
al. 1993; Bruijnzeel and Proctor 1995; Bruijnzeel and Veneklaas 1998). Itis well known that average
annual rainfall in tropical montane forests is correlated with slope orientation and fluctuates in the
range 500-10,000 mm, although yearly precipitation generally shows a range of only 1,000?3,000 mm
(Kappelle 2004).Ascending air masses at windward slopes bring increased precipitation to mountain
ridges where they cause the formation of condensation belts, especially at mid-elevations. This is
particularly the case on Costa Rica's Atlantic slope, which is strongly influenced by trade winds coming in
from the Caribbean Sea under influence of the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ; Kappelle 1992).
Moreover, the net precipitation or throughfall in these montane cloud forests is significantly enhanced
beyond rainfall contribution through direct canopy interception of cloud water (horizontal
precipitation), a process also known as cloud stripping (Hölscher et al. 2003, 2005, and Chap. 21). It is
therefore not surprising that these magnificent oak forests are particularly rich in epiphytes, which
directly obtain water from the perhumid atmosphere (Hölscher et al. 2003, and Chaps. 6, 7, 21 and 29).
Edaphic changes occurring in Costa Rica?s montane oak forests appear to be strongly correlated to
climate. The yellowish and acid soils on the wetter Atlantic slope are covered with thicker layers of
organic material, sometimes even forming peat. Frequently, organic matter becomes more admixed
with mineral soil below, and penetrates to greater depth in the soil profile, as has also been noted on
Asian mountains (Whitmore and Burnham 1969; Ashton 2003). Such clay-rich soils show crumb
Octubre 2011
structures resembling temperate loams, as Ashton (2003) clearly states. On Chirripó, like on other
tropical mountains (Vitousek and Sanford 1986; Tanner et al. 1998; Silver et al. 2001), soils are often
waterlogged and suffer from podsolization (van Uffelen 1991), a soil-forming process that causes the
leaching of nutrients (lixiviation) from upper soil horizons to lower levels. These nutrient-poor, watersaturated soils may experience an anaerobic environment, associated with impeded root respiration, a
reduction in belowground bioactivity, lower decomposition levels, subsequent lower rates of nutrient
cycling, and reduced nutrient availability (Vitousek and Sanford 1986; Cuevas and Medina 1988; Tanner
et al. 1998; Silver et al. 2001, and Chap. 22). As a result, humus accumulates in top soils (histic horizons,
histosols), and nutrients are lost at top and mid soil levels (podsols). In conjunction withthis, lowered
mineralization rates may lead to larger fine root systems (Chap. 22). All these soil properties appear to
correlate strongly with oak forest community distribution (Kappelle et al. 1995a). The thickness of the
humus profile on Chirripó's montane slopes is highest between 2,300 and 2,700 m a.s.l., probably as a
consequence of low temperatures, which account for a low degree of soil bioactivity and subsequently
slow decomposition processes. With respect to organic carbon levels, soils at Chirripó are similar to
those on mountains in New Guinea or Jamaica (Edwards and Grubb 1977, 1982; Tanner 1977).
Regarding exchangeable elements (bases), soils at Chirripó are somewhat poorer than their equivalents
in Jamaica or Borneo (Tanner 1977; Kitayama 1992), but close to values measured along the La SelvaBarva Volcano altitudinal transect in Costa Rica (Marrs et al. 1988). However, contents of Ca and
extractable P resemble those recorded for Mt. Kinabalu (Kitayama 1992).
Publicación No.: 183 Population structures of two understory plant species along an altitudinal
gradient in Costa Rican montane oak forests [Estructuras poblacionales de dos especies de plantas del
sotobosque a lo largo de una gradiente altitudinal en robledales montanos costarricenses] / Groot,
T.V.M.; Stift, M.; Oostermeijer, J. Gerard B.; Cleef, A.M.; Kappelle, Maarten. In: Ecology and conservation
of Neotropical montane oak forests. Kappelle, M. (ed.). Berlin-Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 2006. p. 191206. (Ecological Studies Series; v. 185). ISBN: 978-3-540-28909-8.
Conclusions: The variation in population structure of G. orbignyana was not explained by any of the
environmental variables that we measured.We conclude that the population structure of G. orbignyana
is controlled either by other environmental variables (e.g., thickness of humus layer, M. Kappelle,
personal observations), or by factors that are not related to the physical environment (e.g., seed
dispersal and seedling recruitment). A large number of palms that occur in the understory of tropical
forests have been shown to respond strongly to the structure of the forest. Light availability has the
effect that it largely enhances recruitment in those species (Oyama 1990). The genus Geonoma seems to
be an exception, as it is reported to occur in undisturbed or late secondary forests only (Kappelle et al.
1995a, b).Geonoma species are often dominant in the understory (Chazdon 1986; Olesen and Balslev
1990; Listabarth 1993); they are shade-tolerant specialists that are highly adapted to the relative
darkness of the understory (Chazdon 1986), and therefore may show at least some level of recruitment
at any given light availability. Since our results show that a higher light availability does not seem to
enhance recruitment, we may conclude that G. orbignyana is an understory specialist, too. By contrast,
A. concinnatum has been observed in forests of all successional stages (Kappelle et al. 1995b).
Recruitment of this species is thus expected to take place under completely open as well as partially
open canopies, e.g., within newly formed gaps after a tree fall. Its young life stages were associated with
an open understory, with little competition for space and light, and old life stages with a relatively open
Octubre 2011
canopy and a high bryophyte cover. It has been observed in tropical forests that bryophyte cover is
positively correlated with air humidity (Pócs 1982). Assuming that the same is true for the forests we
studied, we suggest that the higher proportion of large individuals in bryophyte-rich patchesis explained
by higher moisture availability. This implies that drought stress prevents plants from becoming large in
patches with fewer bryophytes. Such drought stress was also reported for the epiphytic species of
Anthurium bredemeyeri (Rada and Jaimez 1992). Since bryophyte ground cover was negatively
correlated with maximum temperature along the CM transect, the drought sensitivity of adults might
also explain the higher proportions of large individuals observed at lower maximum temperatures, as
seenin the general data analysis for this transect. The low proportion of large standing epiphytes under
a denser canopy along the CC transect can be explained by a reduction in growth of adult plants under
low light availability. This finding is at odds with our initial assumption of equal growth rates throughout
transects. Nevertheless, observations on the distances between leaf scars on the stem suggest that in
most plots size was indeed closely related to age (unpublished data). Finally, competition forlight and
moisture availability seems important in determining the population structure of A. concinnatum.
Higher levels of recruitment of this species appear to occur in a more open understory.Within the
context of tropical montane oak forest dynamics, we may conclude that A. concinnatum exhibits a
pioneer strategy sensu Alvarez-Buylla and Martínez-Ramos (1992), being able to colonize relatively open
patches in the understory, and requiring a relatively open canopy for optimal growth.
Publicación No.: 184 Net-winged beetles of the genus Calolycus Gorham, 1881, with notes on Plateros
Bourgeois, 1882 (Coleoptera: Lycidae) [Abejones alas de red del género Calolycus Gorham, 1881, con
apuntes sobre Plateros Bourgeois, 1882 (Coleoptera: Lycidae)] / Kazantsev, Sergey V. (Donetskaya, 13326, Moscow 109651, RU).
In: Russian Entomological Journal (ISSN 0132-8069), v. 14, no. 3, p. 203-208. 2005.
Five new species of platerodine netwinged beetles are described from Costa Rica: Calolycus solisi, C.
montiverdensis, C. puntarenensis, Plateros calanticatoides and P. discolor sp. n. The genus Calolycus is
redescribed and its taxonomic position is discussed. A key to the five known Calolycus species is
provided.
Publicación No.: 185 Adiciones y correcciones al catálogo de Ascomycota (Fungi) de Costa Rica, con
especial referencia al género Scutellinia [Additions and corrections to the catalogue of Ascomycota
(Fungi) from Costa Rica, with special emphasis on the genus Scutellinia] / Calonge, Francisco D.; Mata,
Milagro.; Umaña-Tenorio, Loengrin. (CSIC, Real Jardín Botánico, Plaza Murillo 2, Madrid, ES <E-mail:
In: Boletín de la Sociedad Micológica de Madrid (ISSN 0214-140X), v. 30, p. 25-34. 2006.
This paper represents a contribution to the mycoflora of Costa Rica. Fourteen of the 17 taxa here
mentioned or described are new to the Costarican catalogue: Trichocoma paradoxa, Helvella stevensii,
Scutellinia crinita, S. heimii, S. inexpectata, S. kerguelensis, S. margaritacea, S. nigrohirtula, S.
patagonica, S. pennsylvanica, S. setosa, S. setosissima and S. umbrorum, within which S. heimii and S.
margaritacea are also new to America. The revision of several type collections from CR has proved that
Gyromitra chirripoensis is a synonym of G. infula, while Helvella didicusana and Morchella herediana
Octubre 2011
remain as independent species. Thus, the catalogue of species within the genus Scutellinia increases
from 3 to 15.
Publicación No.: 186 Evaluación ecológica rápida de la zona de uso turístico del Parque Nacional
Chirripó, Costa Rica / Arias-Navarro, H.; González-Hernández, G. Heredia: Universidad Nacional / Escuela
de Ciencias Biológicas, 2001. 58 p. Thesis, Lic. en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional, Escuela de
Ciencias Biológicas, Heredia (Costa Rica).
(No abstract).
Localización: Biblioteca Joaquín García M.: Tesis 4239.
Publicación No.: 187 The Hookeriaceae of Central America [Las Hookeriaceae de Centroamérica] /
Welch, W.H. (DePauw University. Department of Botany and Bacteriology, Greencastle, IN 46135, US).
This study concerns the Hookeriaceae of Central America, completing the Hookeriaceae series of North
and Central America and the West Indies. Taxa not included previously in the Hookeriaceae
monographic studies are described and illustrated. The keys include all the taxa observed from the
countries of Central America. This paper treats 19 genera and 96 species. Of these, 2 genera and 44
species have not been included to previous publications in the series.
Publicación No.: 188 Évolution et phylogénie des Coléoptères Passalidae (Scarabaeoidea) [Evolución y
filogenia de los coleópteros Passalidae (Scarabaeoidea)] / Boucher, Stephanie. (Muséum national
d'Histoire Naturelle. Départment Systématique & Evolution CP 50, Entomologie, 45 rue de Buffon, F.
75231 Cedex 05 Paris, FR <E-mail: [email protected]>).
In: Annales de la Société Entomologique de France (ISSN 0037-9271), v. 41, no. 3/4, p. 239-604. 2005.
The Passalidae Leach are studied in their morphology, caryology and biogeography. The most
significative works in these domains are noted. A synthesis is equally given about the eco-ethological
data on the family. Evolutive analyses and hypotheses follow the principles of cladistic and cladogenesis
vicariance. All the technical data, chosen options and studied characters are explained, most of them
being figured. The work in its whole shows the need of a reevaluation of the traditional descriptive and
affiliation systems in the family and gives knowledge of new theorical elements. Approximatively 930
species are recognized (700 in the literature). There could be 1 000 as a whole. Three principal
morphological regions are studied with more details and the homology of their characters is established
or discussed: dorsal structures of the head, mandibles, male and female complete ectodermic genitalia.
Those characters, as well as those of other corporal regions or of the appendages (of which a large part
is new), are described and interpreted. Chapter I. The Passalidae form a monophyletic group with
certainty. The taxa of the family group include 2 subfamilies and 7 tribes (1 is new, 3 are revalidated).
One genus is revalidated and the rare known fossils are reexamined. Each tribe is endemic from a
continent, all of them showing strait relations with the plates tectonic since Middle Jurassic. Those
typically Gondwanian taxa correspond partially to the systematics (though abandoned since a long time)
of Kaup (1871) and Gravely (1914-1918). The phylogeny, distribution systems, geographic and ecological
origin, paleobiogeography, and sister group of the Passalidae (strongly supported here to be the
Trogidae) are submitted to future extensions of hypotheses. Chapter II, The knowledge of the 19 genera
Octubre 2011
of the Neotropical tribe Proculini Kaup (one is new, one is undergraded to synonym) is rediscussed
largely and often modified (numerous species are newly combined from a genus to another and the
endemismof each genus is adapted). The sister group of the tribe seems to be constituted among the
Pertinax Kaup, s. str. The tribe is divided in two principal clades. For each genus a new definition is given,
based on phylogenetic criteria, and their historicalbiogeography is put to evidence among the scenarios,
those being integrated is the tectonic and the geomorphology of the Antillas and the Meso and South
Americas since the Upper Cretaceous. The dispersion patterns (sensu Hallfter 1976-1987) of the
Proculini are revisited and comprise the Meso-American mountain d. p. (12 genera), the typical
Neotropical d. p. (2 genera), and a new one, the Meso-American low mountain d. p. (5 genera,
originating from Meso-America but today also present in South America). Chapter III. Among the genera
of Proculini, ArroxZang s. nov. (revalidated; 2 Meso-American species) and Veturius Kaup s. nov. (3
subgenera; 74 species from which 40 are new; expanded about nearly all Intertropical America) are
revised in a detailed monography. The systematic, ecologic and biogeographic studies of the genera
start with their hypothetic ancestor up to certain intraspecific populations, and for each species from its
origin. For Veturius, 5 regions and 22 subregions give the synthesis of faunistic and biocenologic richness
through its whole distribution. These geographic partitions are fine data source and precede evolutive
biogeographic interpretations. Post-Pleistocene speciations induce a strait relation with the Haffer and
Prance's forest refuges. Those models revealed by Veturius - a diversified group, expanded in a very
heterogeneous territory - seem to be applicable to the other Passalidae, well as to many other
Neotropical terrestrial organisms.
Publicación No.: 189 New national and regional bryophyte records, 14 [Nuevos registros nacional y
regionales de Briofitas, 14] / Holz, Ingo. (Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald. Botanisches Institut
und Botanischer Garten, AG Allgemeine und Spezielle Botanik, Grimmer Straße 88, D-17487 Greifswald,
DE <E-mail: [email protected]>).
In: Journal of Bryology (ISSN 0373-6687), v. 28, p. 271-275. 2006.
(Este es el resumen completo). Contributor: Ingo Holz. Costa Rica: PROV. SAN JOSÉ: Cordillera de
Talamanca, Parque Nacional Chirripó, Mount Chirripó, valley above Refugio Base Crestone (Lodge in
Chirripó National Park), 9°29’N 83°28’W, 3500 m a.s.l. on rocks in open Quercus copeyensis forest
fragment., 5 January 2003, leg. Holz CR 03-355C, conf. B. Allen (MO, Priv. Herb. Holz). Buck & Norris
(1996) demonstrated that typical H. ciliata (Hedw.) P.Beauv. differed from Latin American material of
Hedwigia, but may be difficult to distinguish from H. ciliata var. leucophaea Bruch & Schimp. Hedwigia
nivalis is distinguished from the latter by the incurved upper leaf margins and a non-hairy calyptra (B.
Allen, pers. com.). It is the only Hedwigia species in Central America and has been reported from
Guatemala on rocks between 2300 and 2700 m a.s.l.
Publicación No.: 190 A first assessment of the Ticolichen biodiversity inventory in Costa Rica: the
genus Coccocarpia (Peltigerales: Coccocarpiaceae) [Una primera valoración del inventario de
biodiversidad de los ticolíquenes en Costa Rica: el género Coccocarpia (Peltigerales: Coccocarpiaceae)] /
Lücking, Robert.; Aptroot, André.; Chaves-Chaves, José Luis.; Sipman, Henricus J.M.; Umaña-Tenorio,
Loengrin. (The Field Museum. Department of Botany, Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605-2496, US <E-
Octubre 2011
mail: [email protected]> <E-mail: [email protected]> <E-mail: [email protected]>
<E-mail: [email protected]> <E-mail: [email protected]>).
In: The Lichenologist (ISSN 0024-2829), v. 95, p. 429-457. 2007.
The genus Coccocarpia is treated as part of the ongoing TICOLICHEN biodiversity inventory in Costa Rica,
including a thorough revision of all the material reported by Dodge and held at the Farlow Herbarium
(FH). Eighteen species are distinguished, among which four taxa are described as new: Coccocarpia
gallaicoi Lücking, Chaves & Umaña (with the non-isidiate counterpart C. aff. gallaicoi), C. microphyllina
Lücking & Aptroot (phyllidiate relative of C. epiphylla), C. neglecta Aptroot & Lücking (differing from C.
domingensis by its squamiform isidia), and C. prostrata Lücking, Aptroot & Sipman (related to C. stellata
but with ascending, fruticulose secondary lobes). The name C. guimarana (Vain.) Swinscow & Krog is
reinstated for a species with narrowisidiate lobes. Two further, possibly undescribed species are
tentatively identified as C. aff. gallaicoi Lücking, Chaves & Umaña and C. aff. imbricascens Nyl. Six taxa,
viz. Coccocarpia adnata Arv., C. dissecta Swinscow & Krog, C. epiphylla (Fée) Kremp., C. fliformis Arv., C.
glaucina Kremp., and C. tenuissima Tuck., are reported for the first time from Costa Rica. Coccocarpia
adnata and C. glaucina are also new records for the Neotropics, and C. filiformis is new to Central
America. Analysis of the available material shows ecological differentiation between species:
Coccocarpia erythroxyli and C. palmicola have a wide ecological amplitude, being found from (semi-)
arid to perhumid situations and from sea level to the subpáramo zone at 3500 m, while Coccocarpia
dissecta is mostly a lowland species typical of (semi-)arid to humid climates. The other taxa are confined
to humid climates; while C. guimarana, C. glaucina, C. neglecta, and C. tenuissima seem to prefer
lowland to submontane zones, the remaining species are chiefly montane, with C. domingensis, C.
fliformis, C. pellita and C. prostrata reaching the subpáramo zone. Coccocarpia as a whole is most
abundant and most diverse in humid to perhumid, lower montane to montane situations, and the
species generally prefer semi-exposed to exposed (micro-) habitats.
Publicación No.: 191 Some new hysteriaceous fungi from Costa Rica [Algunos hongos histeriáceos de
Costa Rica] / Checa, Julia.; Shoemaker, R.A.; Umaña-Tenorio, Loengrin. (Universidad de Alcalá.
Departamento de Biología Vegetal, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, ES <E-mail: [email protected]>
In: Mycologia (ISSN 0027-5514), v. 99, no. 2, p. 285-290. 2007.
Four new lignicolous species of the family Hysteriaceae (Gloniella gracilis, Graphyllium panduraturn,
Hysterium asymmetricum and Hysterographium pulchrum) are described from Costa Rica based in their
macroscopic and microscopic characters.
Publicación No.: 192 Sinopse do gênero Eucharassus Bates (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) [Synopsis of the
genus Eucharassus Bates (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae)] / Monné, Marcela L. (Museu
Nacional/Universidad Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Departamento de Entomologia, Quinta da Boa Vista,
São Cristóvão, 29840-040, Rio de Janeiro, BR <E-mail: [email protected]>).
In: Revista Brasileira de Entomologia (ISSN 0085-5626), v. 51, no. 2, p. 205-209. 2007.
Octubre 2011
The genus Eucharassus is redescribed and a key to the species is given. Four new species are described:
Eucharassus hovorei sp. nov. and E. lingafelteri sp. nov. from Costa Rica, E. chemsaki sp. nov. from
Panama and E. wappesi sp. nov. from Panama anSynopsis of the genus Eucharassus Bates (Coleoptera,
Cerambycidae). The genus Eucharassus is redescribed and a key to the species is given. Four new species
are described: Eucharassus hovorei sp. nov. and E. lingafelteri sp. nov. from Costa Rica, E. chemsaki sp.
nov. from Panama and E. wappesi sp. nov. from Panama and Guatemala.
Publicación No.: 193 Cladoniaceae / Ahti, Teuvo. (University of Helsinki. Department of Ecology and
Systematics, P.O. Box 47, FIN-00014, FI <E-mail: [email protected]>).
In: Flora Neotropica (ISSN 0071-5794), Monograph no. 78, 363 p. 2000.
The Neotropical Cladoniaceae (lichen-forming Ascomycota: Lecanorales) comprise 184 known species in
four genera, Cladia Nylander, Cladina Nylander, Cladonia Hill ex P. Browne, and Pycnothelia Dufour.
Twenty-nine taxa are described as new: Cladia globosa Ahti, Cladina arbuscula subsp. pachyderma Ahti,
C. atrans Ahti, C. kalbii Ahti, C. kriegeri Ahti & S. Stenroos, Cladonia chimantae Ahti, C. cinerella Ahti, C.
crustacea Ahti, C. curta Ahti & Marcelli, C. cyanescens Ahti, C. farinophylla Ahti, C. glabra Ahti, C. hians
Ahti, C. huberi Ahti, C. itatiaiae Ahti & Marcelli, C. latiloba Ahti & Marcelli, C. lingulata Ahti, C. marcellii
Ahti & S. Stenroos, C. megaphylla Ahti & Marcelli, C. obscurata Ahti, C. obtecta Ahti, C. piedadensis Ahti,
C. polystomata Ahti & Sipman, C. prancei Ahti, C. pumila Ahti, C. sipmanii Ahti, C. spathulata Ahti, C.
tachirae Ahti, and Cladonia sect. Strepsiles Ahti. New nomenclatural combinations are Cladina arbuscula
subsp. boliviana (Ahti) Ahti, C. arbuscula subsp. imshaugii (Ahti) Ahti, Cladonia anaemica (Nylander) Ahti,
C. multipartita (Müller Argoviensis) Ahti, C. parvipes (Vainio) S. Stenroos, and C. pulverulenta (L. Scriba)
Ahti. Many previously described taxa are reduced to synonymy. Keys are provided for the species.
Synonymy, typifications, descriptions, secondary chemistry, distribution maps, habitats, economic uses,
and a selection of herbarium voucher specimens are given for each species. Most of the species are
restricted to the Neotropics and the greatest species diversity is found in southeast Brazil, the Guayana
Shield, the northern Andes, and Hispaniola.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: F.
Publicación No.: 194 Solanum section Geminata (Solanaceae) / Knapp, Sandra Diane. (The Natural
History Museum. Department of Botany, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, GB).
Solanum section Geminata s.l. (Solanaceae) includes about 126 species of shrubs and small trees native
to the Neotropics. Members of the section range from northern Mexico and the West Indies throughout
South America to Uruguay and northern Argentina. A single species is native to the Paleotropics, from
China to tropical Australia, and is also unusual in the group in being polyploid. Most species are shrubs
or small treelets found in light gaps or along streams in primary forest understory. A few species are
common in second growth forests in many forest types. The section as treated here contains species
with both simple and branched trichomes. It is clear from this study that the trichome characters
traditionally used to differentiate sections ofSolanum are too variable to be of use in sect. Geminata.
Some species traditionally treated as members of sects. Pseudocapsicum, Indubitaria, and Holophylla
are included in the monograph, as those sections as traditionally constituted are artificial groupings of
apparently unrelated taxa. The monograph treats taxonomic history, morphology, ecology, and natural
history of Solanum sect. Geminata s.l. One hundred twenty-six species are recognized in this treatment
Octubre 2011
and four insufficiently known taxa are discussed in context with their putative relatives. The section has
been divided into 16 species groups to facilitate identification and future in-depth phylogenetic study.
Species groups are defined using largely characters of: 1) sympodial structure, 2) leaf shape, 3) trichome
morphology, 4) inflorescence morphology, 5) pedicel scar type, 6) fruiting pedicel morphology, and 7)
seed morphology. A fundamental difference in seed morphology appears to separate the section into
two broad groups: those speciesgroups with flattened reniform seeds typical of those found elsewhere
in the family, and species groups with unusual ovoid reniform seeds found only in sect. Geminata. All
typification and nomenclatural issues pertaining to the section and its component species are
comprehensively examined. Section Geminata s.l. may not be monophyletic, but knowledge about
related groups is scanty and a definitive judgment cannot be made at present. Extensive ecological data
are included on pollination and herbivory. Pollination in Solanum sect. Geminata is similar to that
observed throughout the genus. Female bees of several families vibrate the poricidal anthers and
extract pollen. Specialized herbivores of members of the section are beetles of the family Chrysomelidae
and nymphalid butterflies of the subfamily Ithomiinae. Larvae of relatively phylogenetically "advanced"
butterflies feed on species in the section, but specific host/herbivore tracking is not apparent. Future
cladistic studies of both hosts and herbivores may reveal patterns in these relationships.
Publicación No.: 195 Die Farnausbeute der Costa-Rica-Expedition des Überseemuseums Bremen 1971
[The fern collection of the Costa Rica expedition of the Überseemuseum Bremen 1971] / Kuhbier, H.;
Steinhof, M. (Überseemuseum Bremen, Bahnhofsplatz 13, 28195 Bremen, DE).
In: Bestimmtes Sammeln: Über das Wesen des Museums anlässlich des 65. Becker, P.R. (ed.), 2005. p.
39-66. ISBN: 978-3-89946-076-6.
To celebrate the 75th anniversary of the Überseemuseum Bremen in 1971, a field trip to Costa Rica was
undertaken by the museum's scientists to obtain material for the museum collections. In the first part of
the paper a brief outline of the excursionis given. The second part deals with the pteridophyte
collection. An inventory of the collected species comprised under families and locations is presented.
Publicación No.: 196 A revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Rhyacopsyche, with the description
of 13 new species (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) [Revisión de los trichópteros Neotropicales del género
Rhyacopsyche, con la descripción de 13 nuevas especies (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae)] / Wasmund, A.M.;
Holzenthal, Ralph W. (University of Minnesota. Department of Entomology, 1980 Folwell Ave., Room
219, St. Paul, MN 55108, US <E-mail: [email protected]> <E-mail: [email protected]>).
In: Zootaxa (ISSN 1175-5334 (online)), no. 1634, p. 1-59. 2007.
The Neotropical genus Rhyacopsyche Müller, 1879, was last reviewed in 1971 when 5 species were
known. Since that time, the genus has gradually grown to 13 species: R. andina Flint, 1991 (Colombia,
Peru, Venezuela), R. chichotla Bueno & Hamilton, 1986(Mexico), R. duplicispina Flint, 1996 (Tobago), R.
hagenii Müller, 1879b (Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay), R. jimena Flint, 1991 (Colombia), R. matthiasi Flint,
1991 (Colombia), R. mexicana (Flint, 1967) (Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua), R. mutisi Mey &
Joost, 1990 (Colombia), R. obliqua Flint, 1971 (Mexico), R. peruviana Flint, 1975 (Ecuador, Peru), R.
torulosa Flint, 1971 (Costa Rica, Guatemala), R. turrialbae Flint, 1971 (Costa Rica), and R. yatay
Angrisano, 1989 (Argentina). Thirteen new species are described and illustrated: R. benwa (Bolivia,
Octubre 2011
Ecuador, Peru), R. bulbosa (Brazil), R. colei (Venezuela), R. colombiana (Colombia), R. colubrinosa
(Ecuador, Peru), R. dikrosa (Brazil), R. flinti (Venezuela), R. hasta (Peru), R. intraspira (Peru), R. otarosa
(Venezuela), R. patulosa (Brazil), R. rhamphisa (Colombia, Costa Rica), and R. tanylobosa. (Ecuador, Peru,
Venezuela). The distribution of Rhyacopsyche is widened to include Bolivia and Nicaragua. Detailed
illustrations are presented for all species as well as diagnoses, descriptions, and a taxonomic key. A
species level phylogenetic analysis using PAUP* 4.0b 10 was performed. A heuristic search was
conducted based on 20 morphological characters of the male genitalia, with species of Ochrotrichia and
Metrichia used as outgroups. A strict consensus of 23 equally parsimonious trees is presented. The
analysis revealed 3 characters supporting the monophyly of Rhyacopsyche. The monophyly of 1 of the 2
previously established species groups, the turrialbae group, is supported.
Publicación No.: 197 Neue Planzen aus Costa Rica, insbesondere vom Chirripó grande 3837 m [New
plants from Costa Rica, in particular from Chirripó grande 3837 m] / Suessenguth, K.
In: Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie (ISSN 0006-8152),
v. 72, p. 270-302. 1942.
(No abstract).
Publicación No.: 198 Manual de plantas de Costa Rica. Volumen VI. Dicotiledóneas (HaloragaceaePhytolaccaceae) / Hammel-Lierheimer, Barry Edward, (ed.); Grayum, Michael H, (ed.); Herrera-Mora,
Cecilia, (ed.); Zamora-Villalobos, Nelson A.; Troyo-Jiménez, Silvia, (il.). (Instituto Nacional de
Biodiversidad, Apdo. 22-3100, Santo Domingo de Heredia, CR <E-mail: [email protected]> <E-mail:
In: Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden (ISSN 0161-1542), v. 111, 933
p. 2007.ISBN: 978-1-930723-60-3.
The Manual de plantas de Costa Rica is a concise, illustrated guide to all of the species of native,
naturalized, and commercially cultivated seed plants of this Central American country which lies
between Nicaragua and Panama and is thus centered inisthmian Central America -a biogeographical
funnel between South an North America, densely rich in species and geological history. The Manual is
the first comprehensive Spanish-language account of the Costa Ricas flora. The work is presented in a
series of seven volumes: Volume VI, the first to deal with dicots., is the fourth to appear.
Melastomataceae, with 303 species of mostly understory trees, is by far the largest family in this
volume. Together with the two next largest families, Lauraceae (146 species) and Malvaceae (98
species), also of mostly woody plants, these three families account for 40% of the species of the volume.
The identification manual includes brief formal descriptions and informal notes about each of a total of
54 families, 296 genera, and 1396 species. Keys to all the genera and species are also included. The
treatments are illustrated with 343 line drawings, 54 black and white photographs, and 8 pages of color
plates.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: 581.97286 M294 vol. VI.
Publicación No.: 199 Potential of soil carbon sequestration in Costa Rica [Potencial de captura de
carbono del suelo en Costa Rica] / Alvarado-Hernández, Alfredo. (Universidad de Costa Rica. Escuela de
Octubre 2011
Agronomía
y
Centro
de
Investigaciones
Agronómicas,
San
José,
CR
<E-mail:
In: Carbon sequestration in soils of Latin America. Rattan, L.; Cerri, C.C.; Bernoux, M.; Etchevers, J.;
Pellegrino-Cerri, C.E. (eds.) Binghampton, NY: The Haworth Press, 2006. p. 147-165. ISBN: 978-1-56022136-4.
(No abstract).
Publicación No.: 200 La naturaleza y su conservación en Iberoamérica: el caso de Costa Rica [Nature
and its preservation in Iberoamerica. The Costa Rica case] / Rubio-Recio, José Manuel.
In: Revista de Geografía (ISSN 0048-7708), v. 26, p. 87-97. 1992.
The good knowledge acquired on natural characteristics of Costa Rica, in particular vegetation, and the
policy of preservation undertaken one quarter of century ago account for this work. Both the
importance and the defining features of the called "parques naturales" (natural parks), "refugios de
fauna silvestre" (wild fauna shelters), "reservas biológicas" (biological reserves) and, altogethcr, the
importance and the defining features of the environmental and preservative policy are shown in the
present work. This remarkable effort of protection and preservation confronts with severa1 limiting
factors, such as the irrational exploitation of the forests and the extensive cattle system. The interesting
project of "Ley Orgánica del Ambiente" (environmental law) issued in 1987 has not been carried out yet
either.
Publicación No.: 201 The frog-biting midges of the World (Corethrellidae: Diptera) [Purrujas de las
ranas del Mundo (Corethrellidae: Diptera)] / Borkent, Art. (691-8th Ave. SE, Salmon Arm, BC V1E 2C2, CA
This worldwide biosystematic study of Corethrellidae, with its single genus Corethrella Coquillett,
provides a complete compilation of all that is known for the group, both taxonomically and
bionomically. Descriptions of each species are based primarily on the adults, summarize all bionomic
information, and provide a map showing its distribution. Keys to the species of each region are provided.
A total of 97 extant species is recognized, with 52 of these being new. Seven fossil species are described
with two of these being new to science. All species, including 13 new synonyms, are cataloged in a table
for easy reference. Seven extant species are of uncertain status because of damaged or missing types.
Lectotypes and, depending on the species, some paralectotypes, are designated for the following
species: C. inepta (Annandale), C. pallitarsis Edwards, C. picticollis Edwards, C. ananacola Dyar, C.
calathicola Edwards, and C. brakeleyi (Coquillett). A cladistic analysis interprets most extant and fossil
species (some are not interpretable at the present time) and provides the basis for zoogeographic and
bionomic interpretation. Worldwide, Corethrella species are found between 50°N and 50°S but most are
found between 30°N and 30°S and below 1500 meters in elevation. Because female adults are attracted
to the call of male frogs and feed on their blood, species are restricted to areas where there are frogs.
Phylogenetic patterns suggest Gondwanan connections for earlier lineages within the genus. At least
one lineage has dispersed from the New World to Southeast Asia and some species are located on
volcanic islands in the Caribbean, indicating further instances of dispersal. It is certain that many more
Octubre 2011
species are yet to be discovered. Phylogenetic patterns indicate that the immatures of Corethrella
species have repeatedly moved between ground-dwelling habitats and phytotelmata, with the
plesiotypic habitat likely being ground-dwelling. Some lineages have diversified within phytotelmata.
Fossil, cladistic and morphological evidence indicates that Corethrella females have been feeding on
calling frogs since at least the Early Cretaceous. Females likely hear their frog hosts using the Johnston’s
Organ. There is some evidence of host specificity as well as selection of particular biting sites for some
species of Corethrella. The females of at least some species of Corethrella transmit Trypanosoma Gruby
between calling frogs and this association is also likely an ancient one.
Publicación No.: 202 Foliicolous lichenized fungi [Hongos liquenizados foliícolas] / Lücking, Robert. (The
Field Museum. Department of Botany, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605-2496, US <E-mail:
Foliicolous lichenized fungi, or foliicolous lichens, inhabit the surfaces of living leaves of vascular plants,
mostly the upper surface (epiphyllous), but occasionally also the lower surface (hypophyllous). They do
not form a coherent systematic entity but evolved as ecologically specialized groups within different
clades of lichenized and non-lichenized fungi in the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Foliicolous lichens
constitute an essentially tropical phenomenon, with few taxa occurring in very humid habitats of
subtropical and temperate regions. Of the more than 800 foliicolous lichens presently accepted
worldwide, 616 species and 15 additional subspecific taxa occur in the Neotropics, from the southern
United States and Mexico to northern Chile and Argentina, and in the Valdivian temperate rain forests of
southern Chile and Argentina, the areas covered by this monograph. These taxa belong to 74 genera in
23 families and eight orders. Natural keys to orders and families and artificial keys to genera containing
foliicolous lichens are provided, as well as keys to all species and subspecific taxa. Each taxon is
described and discussed in detail, accompanied by habit photographs and drawings of ascospores and
other anatomical details, notes on distribution and ecology, and a list of representative specimens
examined. An extensive introductory section summarizes the morphology, anatomy, and chemistry of
foliicolous lichens and compiles current knowledge about their evolution, phylogeny, classification,
biogeography, and ecology, as well as potential applications and conservation issues. One new family,
Lyrommataceae Lücking; four new genera, Baflavia Lücking, Brasilicia Lücking, Kalb & Sérus., Eugeniella
Lücking & Sérus., and Phyllogyalidea Lücking & Aptroot; and one new section, Badimia sect.
Pseudogyalecta (Vezda) Lücking & Vezda are described. As new are established 60 species.
Publicación No.: 203 Previously unknown food items in the diet of six Neotropical bird species
[Alimentos desconocidos en la dieta de seis especies de aves neotropicales] / Sandoval-Vargas, Luis.;
Biamonte, Esteban.; Solano-Ugalde, Alejandro. (Universidad de Costa Rica. Escuela de Biología, San José,
CR
<E-mail:
[email protected]>
<E-mail:
[email protected]><E-mail:
In: The Wilson Journal of Ornithology (ISSN 1559-4491), v. 120, no. 1, p. 214-217. 2008.
Octubre 2011
We report new food items for six species of Costa Rican birds. This report includes the first egg
predation observed for Hoffman's Woodpecker (Melanerpes hoffmannii), the first vertebrate recorded
in the diet of Sooty Robin (Turdus nigrescens), and records for Groove-billed Ani (Crotophaga
sulcirostris), Black and White Owl (Ciccaba nigrolineata), Blue-crowned Motmot (Momotus momota),
and Claycolored Robin (Turdus grayi).
Publicación No.: 204 A new species of Celestus from west-central Panama, with consideration of the
status of the genera of the Anguidae: Diploglossinae (Squamata) [Una nueva especie de Celestus del
centro-occidente de Panamá, con consideración de la situación de los géneros de Anguidae:
Diploglossinae (Squamata)] / Savage, Jay M.; Lips, Karen R.; Ibáñez-D., Roberto. (San Diego State
University. Department of Biology, San Diego, CA 92182-4614, US <E-mail: [email protected]> <E-mail:
A recently discovered new species of diploglossine lizard is described from west-central Panama. The
distinctiveness of the nominal genera Celestus and Diploglossus is confirmed; the new form represents
the southernmost record for the genus Celestus.A summary of selected characteristics and general
distribution is presented for all recent species of diploglossines, including members of the Antillean
genera Saurisia and Wetmorea and the South American genus Ophiodes. A systematic key to mainland
members of the genus Celestus is provided.
Publicación No.: 205 Molecular phylogeny of Allograpta (Diptera, Syrphidae) reveals diversity of
lineages and non-monophyly of phytophagous taxa [La filogenia molecular de Allograpta (Diptera,
Syrphidae) pone de manifiesto la diversidad de los linajes no monofílicos de los taxones fitófagos] /
Mengual, Ximo.; Ståhls, Gunilla.; Rojo, Santos. (Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Universitario CIBIO,
Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Apdo 99, E-03080 Alicante, ES <E-mail: [email protected]>).
In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution (ISSN 1055-7903), v. 49, p. 715-727. 2008.
Phylogenetic relationships of genera Allograpta, Sphaerophoria and Exallandra (Diptera, Syrphidae)
were analyzed based on sequence data from the mitochondrial protein-coding gene cytochrome c
oxidase subunit I (COI) and the nuclear 28S and 18S ribosomal RNA genes. The three genera are
members of the subfamily Syrphinae, where nearly all members feed as larvae on soft-bodied
Hemiptera and other arthropods. Phytophagous species have recently been discovered in two
subgenera of Allograpta, sg Fazia anda new subgenus from Costa Rica. Phylogenetic analyses of the
combined datasets were performed using parsimony, under static alignment and direct optimization,
maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. Congruent topologies obtained from all the analyses
indicate paraphyly of the genus Allograpta with respect to Sphaerophoria and Exallandra. Exallandra
appears embedded in the genus Sphaerophoria, and both genera are placed within Allograpta. The
distribution of phytophagous taxa in Allograpta indicates that plant feeding evolved at least twice in this
group.
Octubre 2011
Publicación No.: 206 Stenus Latreille und die segenreiche Himmelstochter (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae)
(300. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Steninen) [Stenus Latreille and the blessed richly heaven's daughter
(Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) (300ª Contribución al conocimiento de Steninae)] / Puthz, Volker. (MaxPlanck-Institute für Limnologie. Limnologische Fluss-Station, Postfach 260, Damenweg 1, D-36110
Schlitz, DE <E-mail: [email protected]>).
In: Linzer Biologische Beitraege (ISSN 0253-116X), v. 40, no. 1, p. 137-230. 2008.
A general review of the genus Stenus LATREILLE is given. In part 3 the actual state of the subgeneric
classification is discussed and a survey on 157 groups given. In part 4 new synonyms and new taxonomic
positions are presented including a treatmentof doubtful historical names which have been listed in
catalogues. Also new groups of the genus are defined and new taxa are described. In part 5 an actual
survey on all described taxa in tabular form is given. Taxonomic results: 26 new species are described, 9
taxa revalidated or elevated to species rank and 31 taxa synonymized: Stenus (Hypostenus)
aequabilipunctus nov.sp. (Uganda); Stenus affinisecretus ZHAO & ZHOU 2007 nov.syn. = S.
kamtschaticus MOTSCHULSKY 1845; S. ambiseminiger ZHAO & ZHOU 2006 nov.syn. = S. trigonuroides
ZHENG 1993; S. anhuiensis LI 1993 nov.syn. = S. piliferus MOTSCHULSKY 1857; S. asprohumilis ZHAO &
ZHOU 2006 nov.syn. = S. puthzi HROMÁDKA 1977; S. (Hypostenus) batak nov.sp. (Indonesia: Sumatra); S.
(Hemistenus) bey nov.sp. (Turkey); S. bimaculosus STEPHENS 1839 nov.syn. = S. biguttatus (LINNÉ 1758);
S. (Hemistenus) caricus nov.sp. (Turkey); S. cephallenicus BERNHAUER 1915 propr.sp.; S. (s.str.)
clunispicatus nov.sp. (Ecuador); S. contremulus RYVKIN 1990 nov.syn. = S. permixtus FAGEL 1967; S.
crassus STEPHENS 1833 nomen protectum; S. cres PUTHZ 1971 nov.syn. = S. ochropus KIESENWETTER
1858; S. crispirugulosus ZHAO & ZHOU 2005 nov.syn. = wuyimontium PUTHZ 2003; S. cyaneus BAUDI
1848 propr.sp.; S. (Hemistenus) davidsharpi nov.sp. (China: Taiwan); S. (Hypostenus) decoripennis
nov.sp. (China: Jiangsi, Guizhou, Zhejiang); S. eurous PUTHZ 1980 propr.sp.; S. flavovittatus obliteratus
CAMERON 1930 nov.syn. = S. flavovittatus CHAMPION 1920; S. flavovittatus sinuatus CAMERON 1930
nov.syn. = S. flavovittatus CHAMPION 1920; S. (Hypostenus) flavohumeralis nov.sp. (China: Taiwan); S.
garambensis PUTHZ 1968 propr.sp.; S. gistelianus STRAND 1917 nov.syn. = S. flavipes STEPHENS 1833; S.
glacialis sublaeviventris BERNHAUER 1929 nov.syn. = S.glacialis HEER 1839; S. guandiensis ZHAO & ZHOU
2007 nov.syn. = S. kamtschaticus MOTSCHULSKY 1845; S. guenai ROUGEMONT 1987 nov.syn. = S.
calcariventris PUTHZ 1980; S. (Hypostenus) holzeri nov.sp. (Costa Rica); S. humeralis L. BENICK 1938
propr.sp.; S. humiloides SMETANA 1964 nov.syn. = S. cephallenicus BERNHAUER 1915; S. impressus
fraudulentus FAGEL 1967 nov.syn. = S. impressus GERMAR 1824; S. (Hypostenus) jubatipenis nov.sp.
(Tanzania); S. (Hemistenus) kerinciensis nov.sp. (Indonesia: Sumatra); S. (Hypostenus) kibalensis nov.sp.
(Uganda); S. lanuginosus L. BENICK 1929 propr.sp.; S. (Hemistenus) lempiranus nov.sp. (Honduras); S.
(Hypostenus) malickyi nov.sp. (Thailand, Vietnam); S. (s.str.) mufti nov.sp. (Turkey); S. oecodromus
GISTEL 1857 nov.syn. = S. guynemeri JAQUELIN DU VAL 1850; S. (s.str.) oregonensis nov.sp. (U.S.A.:
Oregon); S. paracicindeloides LI 1993 nov.syn. = S. sharpi BERNHAUER & SCHUBERT 1911; S.
pararufescens LI 1993 nov.syn. = S. friebi L. BENICK 1924; S. parcior limonensis FAGEL 1958 nov.syn. = S.
parcior BERNHAUER 1929; S. (Hemistenus) paschtun nov.sp. (Afghanistan); S. pendleburyi CAMERON
1950 propr.sp.; S. peripherus KORGE 1971 propr.sp.; S. phyllobates coiffaitianus PUTHZ 1971 nov.syn. =
S. phyllobates vasconicus JARRIGE 1963;S. polychaetus ZHAO & ZHOU 2006 nov.syn. = S. yunnanensis
CAMERON 1946; S. pullidistortus ZHAO & ZHOU 2005 nov.syn. = S. salebrosus L. BENICK 1942; S. rutilans
SAULCY 1864 propr.sp.; S. rotundatus LJUNGH 1804 nov.syn., nomen oblitum = S. crassus
STEPHENS1833; S. saxatilis GISTEL 1857 nov.syn. = S. ruralis ERICHSON 1840; S. (Hypostenus) schuelkei
Octubre 2011
nov.sp. (China: Sichuan); S. (s.str.) schuelkeianus nov.sp. (Costa Rica); S. (s.str.) sculptor nov.sp. (U.S.A.:
California); S. shavrini PUTHZ 2002 nov.syn. = S. permundus RYVKIN 2002; S. (s.str.) simpliciclunis nov.sp.
(Colombia); S. (Hemistenus) stigmatias nov.sp. (India, Burma, Laos, China: Yunnan, Fujian; Hongkong); S.
sudanensis PUTHZ 1965 nov.syn. = S. depilis L. BENICK 1951; S. sulcicollis STEPHENS 1833 nov.syn. = S.
melanopus (MARSHAM 1802); S. variator GISTEL 1857 nov.syn. = S. bimaculatus GYLLENHAL 1810; S.
vastus L. BENICK 1925 nov.syn. = S. cephallenicus BERNHAUER 1915; S. velleris RYVKIN 1990 nov.syn. =
S. parcior BERNHAUER 1929; S. verecundus SHARP 1874 nov.syn. = S. melanarius STEPHENS 1833; S.
(Hemistenus) viridicans nov.sp. (China: Sichuan); S. (Hemistenus) viriditogatus nov.sp. (Nepal, China:
Yunnan); S. (Hemistenus) viridivestis nov.sp. (India; China: Xizang A. R.-Tibet); S. (Hypostenus) weigeli
nov.sp. (Nepal).
Localización: Biblioteca OET: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-10124.
Publicación No.: 207 A high-elevation report of oncilla in Mesoamerica [Reporte de un tigrillo en
grandes alturas en Mesoamérica] / González-Maya, José Fernando.; Schipper, Jan. (ProCAT
Internacional. Proyecto de Conservación de Aguas y Tierras, Las Alturas de Coto Brus, CR <E-mail:
In: Cat News (ISSN 1027-2992), v. 49, p. 33. 2008.
We report a high elevation record of the Central American oncilla, Leopardus tigrinus oncilla (Thomas
1903).
Publicación No.: 208 A new genus and two new species of arctiine tiger moth (Noctuidae, Arctiinae,
Arctiini) from Costa Rica [Un nuevo género y dos nuevas especies de polillas tigre (Noctuidae, Arctiinae,
Arctiini) de Costa Rica] / Schmidt, B. Christian. (Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and
Nematodes. Canadian Food Inspection Agency,, K.W. Neatby Bldg., 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1A
0C6, CA <E-mail: [email protected]>).
In: ZooKeys (ISSN 1313-2970 (online)), v. 9, p. 89-96. 2009.
Leichosila gen. n. is described based on two new species, Leichosila talamanca sp. n. and L. wagneri sp.
n., from montane rain forests of Costa Rica. Leichosila is allied to the North American Hyphantria Harris
generic group (subtribe Spilosomina) which is largely temperate-subtropical in distribution, suggesting
that Leichosila is derived from North American faunal elements rather than Andean/South American.
Publicación No.: 209 Cinco nuevas especies de Pilea (Urticaceae) de Costa Rica [Five new species of
Pilea (Urticaceae) from Costa Rica] / Rodríguez-González, Alexander.; Monro, Alex K. (Instituto Nacional
de Biodiversidad (INBio), Apdo. 22-3100, Santo Domingo de Heredia, CR <E-mail: [email protected]>
In: Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas (ISSN 1934-5259), v. 2, no. 2, p. 995-1007. 2008.
Five new species of Pilea, endemic to Costa Rica, are described and illustrated: Pilea alfaroana Al. Rodr.
& A.K. Monro, P. gamboana Al. Rodr. & A.K. Monro, P. herrerae Al. Rodr. & A.K. Monro, P.
longibracteolata Al. Rodr., A.K. Monro & L. Acosta, P.moragana Al. Rodr. & A.K. Monro. Their affinities
are discussed and their position within Weddell´s and Killip´s subdivisions of the genus are indicated.
Octubre 2011
Publicación No.: 210 A revision of Bomarea subgenus Bomarea s. str. section Multiflorae
(Alstroemeriaceae) [Revisión de Bomarea subgénero Bomarea s. str. sección Multiflorae
(Alstroemeriaceae)] / Hofreiter, Anton. (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität. Fakultät für Biologie,
Systematische Botanik, Menzingerstr. 67, D-80638 München, DE <E-mail: [email protected]>).
In: Systematic Botany (ISSN 0363-6445), v. 33, no. 4, p. 661-684. 2008.
The section Multiflorae of Bomarea subgenus Bomarea s.str. is revised. Seventy-nine species of Bomarea
s.str. occur from Mexico (23°N) to Chile (40°S) on the western side of the Andes and on the eastern side
to 28°S in Argentina. The 33 species of sectionMultiflorae can be found from 19°N to 18°S. North of
Honduras and south of northern Peru they only grow on the eastern slopes of the American Cordilleras.
Their distribution is nearly congruent with the distribution of cloud forests. Different species occur from
1500 m to 4500 m; they grow mostly twining, sometimes suberect to erect. They can be found in the
cloud forests, the puna, and páramo. This section includes hummingbird pollinated and insect pollinated
species. To date, 75 binomials are validly published, and, in this publication, 33 species are accepted.
The distribution, morphology, variability, and ecology of the Multiflorae species are discussed.
Publicación No.: 211 Generic revision of the Dioptinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) Part
1: Dioptini. Part 2: Josiini [Revisión genérica de los Dioptinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae)
Parte 1: Dioptini. Parte 2: Josiini] / Miller, James Stuart. (American Museum of Natural History.
Department of Entomology, Central Park West at 79th St, New York, NY 10024, US <E-mail:
In: Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History (ISSN 0003-0090), no. 321, p. 1-1022. 2009.
The moth subfamily Dioptinae is almost entirely Neotropical. One species-Phryganidia californica-occurs
on the west coast of the US, while the remaining taxa are found from Mexico south to northern
Argentina and Uruguay. None is known from the Old World. Most dioptines are diurnal as adults, and
many exhibit aposematic coloration. A few taxa are nocturnal. Their larval hosts include the families
Passifloraceae, Violaceae and Poaceae, plants famous for their use by important butterfly groups. In this
paper, a revised generic classification for the Dioptinae is presented. Nearly 17,000 specimens,
assembled from 38 private and institutional collections worldwide, form the basis for the First
comprehensive analysis of adult morphology in the subfamily. A subset of 115 exemplar species, chosen
to represent structural diversity across the Dioptinae, is subjected to detailed morphological Study and
cladistic analysis. The resulting matrix includes 305 characters delineated by 938 character states.
Cladistic analyses produced a single most parsimonious tree, rooted using three species from the
Nystaleinae-the sister-subfamily to the Dioptinae, This phylogenetic hypothesis provides the framework
for a revised classification. The 456 species are assigned to43 genera in two tribes; 10 species are
treated as incertae sedis. Twelve genera are synonymized, and seven-Argentala, Chrysoglossa,
Nebulosa, Notascea, Pikroprion, Proutieila, and Sagittala-are described as new. The 36 remaining genera
are redescribed. Sixteen genera are further subdivided into species groups. All 574 species-group names
of previous authors are addressed; in nearly all cases, primary type material was examined. Forty-seven
species are newly synonymized, while 31 names are revived from synonymy. The revised classification
includes 118 new combinations, sixty-four species belonging in 30 different genera are newly described
from Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Mexico, Panama, Peru, and
Octubre 2011
Venezuela. An illustrated overview of dioptine morphology is presented, demonstrating remarkable
variation in a wide range of structures. Dichotomous keys utilizing external adult anatomy are provided
to the tribes, genera, species groups and species. The salient features ofeach genus are figured and
described. Heads, labial palpi, antennae, metathoracic tympani, wing scales, wing venation, and male
and female terminalia are shown through line drawings, photographs, and scanning electron
micrographs. Each species is diagnosed, its habitus is illustrated in color, type material is notated, and a
summary of its known geographical distribution is presented. General themes, as exemplified by the
Dioptinae, are discussed. These include: Estimating species diversity in Neotropical Lepidoptera; the
evolution of aposematic coloration and mimicry; patterns of host-plant use and the potential utility of
characters from immature stages and DNA for further refining our understanding of dioptine evolution.
Publicación No.: 212 An enigmatic frog of the genus Atelopus (Family Bufonidae) from Parque
Nacional Chirripo, Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica [Una enigmática rana del género Atelopus
(Familia Bufonidae) del Parque Nacional Chirripó, Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica] / Savage, Jay M.;
Bolaños-Vives, Federico. (Universidad de Costa Rica. Escuela de Biología, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, ).
In: Revista de Biología Tropical (ISSN 0034-7744), v. 57, no. 1-2, p. 381-386. 2009.
A distinctive new species of Atelopus is described from Parque Nacional Chirripó, Cordillera de
Talamanca (3 400-3 500 m). It closely resembles populations of the Atelopus ignescens complex from
the Andes of northern Ecuador and southern Colombia. It differs most significantly from these frogs in
the pattern of spiculae and coni development on the throat, chest, hands and feet. The Costa Rican
species appears to be all Outlier of the complex inexplicably separated geographically from its nearest
allies by an over land distance of about 1 600 km.
Publicación No.: 213 Una nueva especie y notas misceláneas en el género Oreopanax (Araliaceae) en
Centroamérica / Morales-Quirós, J. Francisco.; Idárraga, Alvaro. (Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad
(INBio), Apdo. 22-3100, Santo Domingo de Heredia, CR <E-mail: [email protected]>).
In: Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas (ISSN 1934-5259), v. 3, no. 1, p. 117-121. 2009.
As a result of the revision of species of the genus Oreopanax (Araliaceae) in Costa Rica, Nicaragua and
Panama, several discoveries have come to light. These include a new species, O. paramicolus, here
described, the need to adjust the concept O. nicaraguensis, and the need to adjust the geographical
range for three taxa, O. geminatus, O. peltatus, and O. nubigenus, the latter newly reported for Panama.
Publicación No.: 214 Description of Doryphoribius dawkinsi, a new species of Tardigrada
(Eutardigrada: Hypsibiidae) from the Costa Rican highlands, with the key to the genus Doryphoribius
[Descripción de Doryphoribius dawkinsi, una nueva especie de Tardigrada (Eutardigrada: Hypsibiidae) de
las tierras altas costarricenses, con una clave para el género Doryphoribius] / Michalczyk, Lukasz.;
Kaczmarek, Lukasz. (University of East Anglia. School of Biological Sciences, Center of Ecology, Evolution
& Conservation, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, GB <E-mail: [email protected]> <E-mail:
Octubre 2011
A new eutardigrade from Costa Rican highlands, Doryphoribius dawkinsi sp. nov., is described and
figured. The new species is most similar to Doryphoribius zyxiglobus but differs from it mainly by the
presence of gibbosities Ic and LIV, and also by the absence of lunules on claws. Apart from the new
species description, we propose a unified system of numbering and identifying cuticular gibbosities.
Moreover, using two independent traits (the number of placoids and the presence/absence of cuticular
gibbosities), we define four groups of species within the genus Doryphoribius (doryphorus, evelinae,
vietnamensis and zappalai group) and provide a diagnostic key to all known Doryphoribius species.
Publicación No.: 215 A review of the Central American species of Pentacalia (Asteraceae: Senecioneae)
[Revisión de las especies centroamericanas de Pentacalia (Asteraceae: Senecioneae)] / Robinson, Harold
E.; Cuatrecasas-Arumí, José. (National Museum of Natural History. Smithsonian Institution, Department
of Botany, Washington, D.C. 20560, US).
(No abstract).
Publicación No.: 216 Additional notes on the Eriocaulaceae. LIII [Apuntes adicionales sobre las
Eriocaulaceae. LIII] / Moldenke, Harold N.
(No abstract).
Publicación No.: 217 The effects of national parks on local communities' wages and employment in
Costa Rica [Efectos de los parques nacionales en los salarios de las comunidades locales y el empleo en
Costa Rica] / Villalobos-Fiatt, Laura. Turrialba: CATIE, 2010. 58 p. Tesis, Mag. Sc. en Sociología Ambiental,
Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, Turrialba (Costa Rica).
Using household surveys with highly disaggregated geographic reference, this study explores how
national parks have affected wages and unemployment in Costa Rica for the period 20002007.Conditions in which the effects on local welfare can be positive or negative in different areas of the
parks or even within social groups are shown. Also, field observations were conducted to validate the
statistical analysis. It was found that wages close to parks are higher only when located close to tourists?
entrances. Also, workers close to parks but far away from tourists? entrances earn similar wages than
those workers far away from parks. Additionally, workers close to park entrances have fewer
probabilities to be unemployed compared with other rural areas, meanwhile far from entrance the
chances are the same.
Publicación No.: 218 Buddlejaceae / Norman, Eliane M. (Stetson University. Department of Biology,
Deland, FL 32720, US).
Octubre 2011
In: Flora Neotropica (ISSN 0071-5794), Monograph 81, p. 1-225. 2000.
The Buddlejaceae are a small family comprising eight genera and 125 species, approximately half of
which inhabit the New World. In this monograph, 67 species of Buddleja, (including 4 adventive Old
World taxa), 2 species of Enorya, and the more remotely related monotypic genera, Polyprenium and
Peltanthera, are treated. The genus Sanango has recently been reclassified in the Gesneriaceae. The four
centers of species diversity for New World Buddleja are in SE Brazil (20%), the Andes (50%), Central
America (10%), and Mexico and SW U.S. (20%). Many species are shrubs which inhabit xeric or subxeric
habitats. The tree species are montane, growing primarily at 2000-4000 m. The introductory section
summarizes information on morphology for all the genera and gives a new infrageneric classification of
Buddleja. A chapter on chemistry is provided by S. R. Jensen. Two new species of Buddleja are described,
B. cardenasii and B. vexans; one new subspecies is described, B. skutchii subsp. costaricensis; and a new
combination is made, B. cordata subsp. ovandensis.
Publicación No.: 219 The immature stages, larval food plants and biology of Neotropical mistletoe
butterflies (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). II. The Catasticta group (Pierini: Aporiina) [Las etapas inmaduras,
plantas hospederas y biología de larvas de mariposas neotropicales de los matapalos (Lepidoptera:
Pieridae). II. El grupo Catasticta (Pierini: Aporiina)] / Braby, Michael F.; Nishida, Kenji. (Harvard
University. Museum of Comparative Zoology, 26 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138, US <E-mail:
In: Journal of Natural History (ISSN 0022-2933), v. 44, no. 29/30, p. 1831-1928. 2010.
We present an overview of the morphology, larval food plants and general biology of the immature
stages of the "Catasticta group", one of three clades of aporiine pierids that specialize predominantly on
mistletoes, based on extensive field observations and captive reared material in Costa Rica, review of
the literature, and examination of material preserved in museum collections. Of the 8 genera recognized
in the group, 6 are restricted to the Neotropics of which detailed descriptions and/or illustrations are
given for 11 species representing the genera Melete, Pereute, Leodonta and Catasticta. The life histories
of these taxa are compared with those of Neophasia and Eucheira, two Nearctic genera in the Catasticta
group that specialize on host trees of mistletoes. Larval food plants of the Neotropical genera include
Struthanthus, Tripodanthus (Loranthaceae), Antidaphne (Santalaceae), Dendrophthora and
Phoradendron (Viscaceae), all aerial-stem hemiparasites in the order Santalales. The butterfliesare
multivoltine and, with the exception of Melete in which adults are possibly migratory, appear to breed
throughout the year. Eggs are deposited in clusters on the larval food plant, larvae feed gregariously and
spin considerable quantities of silk, particularly in the late instars, adults are frequently aposematic, and
at least four genera form complex mimicry rings. In Melete, Pereute, Leodonta and one species of
Catasticta, larval instars III-V feed nocturnally and aggregate near the base of the host tree during the
day: silken trails are constructed between mistletoe foraging sites and host tree diurnal resting sites to
facilitate movement and communication. The morphology and biology of the immature stages of the
Catasticta group are compared with other members of the Aporiina, particularly those of Delias, Aporia
and the more distantly related Mylothris, and comments made on their systematic relationships. Simple
optimization of several key life history traits in the context of a recent phylogenetic hypothesis of the
Aporiina suggests aposematism (larval repellent defence and adult warning colouration) evolved once in
the common ancestor of the subtribe, but egg clustering and larval gregariousness are derived traits that
coincided with the evolution of mistletoe feeding. It is hypothesized that following the evolution of
Octubre 2011
aposematism, the spatial distribution (patchiness) of mistletoe food plants, which are assumed to
contain toxic alkaloids, has been a selective force in the evolution of larval gregariousness in these
butterflies.
Publicación No.: 220 Studies in neotropical polypores 27: More new and interesting species from
Costa Rica [Estudios de poliporos neotropicales 27: Más nuevas e interesantes especies de Costa Rica] /
Mata, Milagro.; Rivarden, Leif. (Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio), Apdo. 22-3100, Santo
Domingo de Heredia, CR <E-mail: [email protected]> <E-mail: [email protected]>).
In: Synopsis Fungorum (ISSN 0802-8966), v. 27, p. 59-72. 2010.
Phellinus lopezii Mata & Ryvarden, Ceriporia citrina Mata & Ryvarden, Ceriporia dentipora Mata &
Ryvarden, Ceriporia incrustata Mata & Ryvarden, Ceriporiopsis costaricensis Mata & Ryvarden,
Gloeoporus longisporus Mata & Ryvarden, Tyromyces cinnamomeus Mata & Ryvarden, Tyromyces
duplex Mata & Ryvarden and Tyromyces incarnatus Mata & Ryvarden are described as new. Keys to the
Neotropical species of Ceriporiopsis and Ceriporia are provided. Inflatostereum glabrum, Inonotus
pseudoglomeratus, Oxyporus lacera and Phellinus neonoxius are reported as new to Costa Rica.
Publicación No.: 221 Taxonomic review of the genus Osbornellus Ball (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in
Central America [Revisión taxonómica del género Osbornellus Ball (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) en
Centroamérica] / Domínguez-Núñez, Edwin E.; Godoy-Cabrera, Carolina. (Universidad de Panamá.
Laboratory of Biological Study from Crop Pest, Estafeta Universitaria, Panama City, PA <E-mail:
A taxonomic review of the genus Osbornellus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in Costa Rica revealed the
presence of 48 species, of which 37 are described as new and six are new records for the country. A key
for the identification of Osbornellus species of Costa Rica is provided. Osbornellus lacunis DeLong and
Martinson is synonymized with Osbornellus blantoni Linnavuori and Osbornellus separatus DeLong is
synonymized with Osbornellus pallidus.
Publicación No.: 222 Sinopsis del género Weinmannia (Cunoniaceae) en México y Centroamérica
[Sinopsis of the genus Weinmannia (Cunoniaceae) in Mexico and Central America] / Morales-Quirós, J.
Francisco. (Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio), Apartado 22-3100, Santo Domingo de Heredia,
In: Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid (ISSN 0211-1322), v. 67, no. 2, p. 137-155. 2010.
A synopsis of Weinmannia of Mexico and Central America is presented. Ten species are recognized (W.
anisophylla, W. balbisiana, W. burserifolia, W. fagaroides, W. intermedia, W. karsteniana, W. pinnata,
W. vulcanicola, W. wercklei), including the description of a new species (W. horrida J.F. Morales). A key
to the species, as well as descriptions, illustrations, distribution, phenological data, and specimens
examined are given for each.
Octubre 2011
Publicación No.: 223 Studies in the Eupatorieae (Asteraceae). LXXXV: additions to the genus Ageratina
with a key to the Costa Rican species [Estudios en las Eupatorieae (Asteraceae). LXXXV: adición al
género Ageratina con una clave para las especies costarricenses] / King, Robert M.; Robinson, Harold E.
(National Museum of Natural History. Smithsonian Institution, Department of Botany, Washington, D.C.
20560, US <E-mail: [email protected]>).
Ageratina, as circumscribed in our earlier work (King & Robinson, L970) is one of the largest genera in
the Eupatorieae and contains many of the most difficult species complexes in the tribe. The genus needs
much work at the species level and some such efforts are recorded here. Papers dealing with members
of the genus have been produced by Adams, 1971, Grashoff and Beaman, 1969, McVaugh, 1972, using
the old generic concept of Eupatorium and new combinations are provided here. Some errors and
oversights have been noted in our previous work and these are also treated here. Perhaps most
important here, however, are the descriptions of a large number of new species discovered in our
studies. Many of these result from a special study of the genus in Costa Rica for which we have seen
almost all the relevant type material. For this group of species all previous identifications including our
own have proven almost totally unreliable a detailed key is provided for the Costa Rican species.
Publicación No.: 224 Sedimentary stable carbon isotope evidence of late Quaternary vegetation and
climate change in highland Costa Rica [Evidencia de isótopos estables de carbono sedimentario de la
vegetación a finales del Cuaternario y el cambio climático en el altiplano de Costa Rica] / Lane, Chad S.;
Horn, Sally P.; Mora-Baumgartner, Claudia.; Orvis, Kenneth H.; Finkelstein, David B. (University of North
Carolina. Department of Geography & Geology, Wilmington, NC 28403, US <E-mail: [email protected]>
In: Journal of Paleolimnology (ISSN 0921-2728), v. 45, no. 3, p. 323-338. 2011.
Continuous terrestrial records of paleoclimate and paleovegetation that extend to the late Pleistocene
are rare for the circum-Caribbean uplands. In this study we analyzed the bulk and compound-specific
carbon isotope composition of lake sediments spanning this period from Lago de las Morrenas 1 (LM1),
a glacial lake in the highlands of southern Costa Rica, for evidence of climate and vegetation changes
that may not have been apparent in previous analyses. The stable carbon isotope ratios of n-alkanes
typically derived from terrestrial plants (delta C-13(C27-C33)) indicate an increased abundance of C-4
plant taxa during the late Pleistocene and earliest Holocene that may be related to decreased
atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, increased aridity, or habitat availability. These n-alkane
isotope ratios also provide evidence of more arid conditions during the early and late Holocene, and
more mesic conditions during the middle Holocene, a pattern prevalent in other paleoclimate records
from the region that is thought to be related to millennial-scale dynamics of the intertropical
convergence zone (ITCZ). The sensitivity of the LM1 paleorecord to trade wind dynamics provides
further support for the role of millennial-scale shifts in ITCZ dynamics in driving neotropical
environmental change, and indicates that the effects of ITCZ migration were not limited to the lowlands.
Publicación No.: 225 New geophytic Peperomia (Piperaceae) species from Mexico, Belize and Costa
Rica [Nuevas especies geofíticas de Peperomia (Piperaceae) de México, Belice y Costa Rica] / Mathieu,
Octubre 2011
Guido.; Symmank, Lars.; Callejas-Posada, Ricardo.; Wanke, Stefan.; Neinhuis, Christoph.; Goetghebeur,
Paul.; Samain, Marie-Stéphanie. (Ghent University. Department of Biology, Research Group
Spermatophytes, K.L. Ledeganckstr. 35, B-9000 Gent, BE <E-mail: [email protected]>
In: Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad (ISSN 1870-3453), v. 82, no. 2, p. 357-382. 2011.
Peperomia subgenus Tildenia is a poorly known group of geophytic species occurring in seasonal
habitats in 2 biodiversity hot spots (Mexico-Guatemala and Peru-Bolivia) with few species reported from
the countries in between. Recent fieldwork combinedwith detailed study of herbarium specimens of this
subgenus in Mexico and Central America resulted in the discovery of 12 new species, which are here
described and illustrated. In addition, 1 formerly published variety is raised to species rank. Distribution,
habitat and phenology data and detailed comparisons with other species are included, as well as an
identification key for all species belonging to this subgenus in the studied area.

Bibilografia Especializada OET 11 - Organization for Tropical Studies

Transcripción

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