Revista

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Revista

Volumen 10, SUP. 1 · Septiembre 2010
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LIBRO DE RESÚMENES · LIVRO DE RESUMOS · BOOK OF ABSTRACTS
Revista de
Fitoterapia
ISE 2010
ÓRGANO OFICIAL
11th Congress of the International Society
of Ethnopharmacology.
Continuity and change in ethnopharmacology:
Transdisciplinary science for our future
EHPE 2010
1er Encuentro Hispano-Portugués de Etnobiología:
Los desafíos de la Etnobiología en España y Portugal
I Encontro Hispano-Português de Etnobiologia:
Os desafios da Etnobiologia em Espanha e Portugal
Albacete, Castilla - La Mancha (España). 20-25/Sept/2010
Urell barre
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la Escherichia coli
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Otros métodos analíticos proporcionan valores distintos.
Urell®
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estandarizado(1, 2)
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Ph-Eur.
Vainillina(3)
B. Smith
72 mg 108 mg 144 mg 162 mg
(1) Prior et al. J Science Food and Agr. Doi 10.1002/jsfa, 3996 (2010) (2) DMAC es el método analítico mediante el que se validó la dosis eficaz de PAC, por las agencias francesas de Seguridad de los Medicamentos
((AFSSAPS) y de Seguridad Alimentaria (AFSSA). (3) El método denominado “de la vainillina” proporciona cifras 4 veces más elevadas que las obtenidas mediante BL-DMAC para una misma concentración.
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Rueil-Malmaison
(Francia)
Laboratorio Deiters S.A.
Riera de Montalegre, 49 - 08916 Badalona (Barcelona)
Tel. 934.65.09.36 - [email protected]
Director editorial
Bernat Vanaclocha Vanaclocha
Editor científico
Salvador Cañigueral Folcará
Consejo de redacción
Luis I. Bachiller Rodríguez
Sociedad Asturiana de Fitoterapia · Oviedo
Arnaldo L. Bandoni
Universidad de Buenos Aires · Argentina
Salvador Cañigueral Folcarà
Universidad de Barcelona
José Luis Fresquet Febrer
Universidad de Valencia
Juan I. Güenechea Salazar
Farmacéutico Comunitario · Bilbao
Mahabir P. Gupta
Universidad de Panamá
Antonio J. Lapa
Universidad Federal de Sao Paulo · Brasil
Ana Paula Martins
Universidade de Coimbra · SPFito · Portugal
Miguel Morales Segura
Universidad de Chile · Sochifito · Chile
Mª Concepción Navarro Moll
Universidad de Granada
Ester Risco Rodríguez
Erika Rivera Arce
Asociación Mexicana de Fitoterapia · México
Diego Rivera Núñez
Universidad de Murcia
Ligia Salgueiro
Universidade de Coimbra · SPFito · Portugal
Antonio Carlos Siani
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz · ABFIT · Brasil
Bernat Vanaclocha Vanaclocha
Médico Fitoterapeuta · Carlet (Valencia)
Roser Vila Casanovas
Francisco Zaragozá García
Universidad de Alcalá de Henares
Secretaría editorial,
administración, publicidad
CITA Publicaciones y Documentación, S.L.
Na Jordana, 11
46240 Carlet (Valencia) · España
Tel.: 96 299 32 39
[email protected] · www.fitoterapia.net
www.medicina-naturista.net · www.homeopatia.net
Suscripciones
EDICIONES ROL
C/ Peris i Mencheta, 50
08032 Barcelona
Tel. 93 200 80 33 · Fax 93 200 27 62
[email protected] · www.e-rol.es
11th Congress of the International Society of Ethnopharmacology
(ISE 2010). Continuity and change in Ethnopharmacology:
&
1er Encuentro Hispano-Portugués de Etnobiología (EHPE 2010):
Los desafíos de la Etnobiología en España y Portugal
I Encontro Hispano-Português de Etnobiologia (EHPE 2010):
Albacete, Castilla - La Mancha (España). 20-25/Sept/2010
Sumario · sumário · content
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3-11 Bienvenida y presentación
Boas-vindas e apresentação
Welcome and presentation
17-27 Lista de contribuciones científicas
Lista de contribuições científicas
List of scientific contributions
29-31 Conferencias de apertura y clausura
Conferências de abertura e de encerramento
Key note speakers
33-39 Lecturas plenarias
Conferências plenárias
Plenary lectures
41-91 1er Encuentro Hispano-Portugués de Etnobiología (EHPE 2010):
Los desafios de la Etnobiología en España y Portugal
1 Encontro Hispano-Português de Etnobiologia (EHPE 2010):
93-160 11th Congress of the International Society of Ethnopharmacology (ISE
2010). Continuity and change in ethnopharmacology: Transdisciplinary
science for our future
161-183 Talleres ISE-2010 - EHPE-2010
Ateliers ISE-2010 - EHPE-2010
Workshops ISE-2010 - EHPE-2010
184-192 Índice de autores
Índice de autores
Autor index
Diseño, maquetación e impresión
www.denou.com
193-196 Indice de nombres científicos
Índice de nomes científicos
Index of scientific names
Depósito legal V-490-2000 · ISSN 1576-0952
197 Sociedad Española de Fitoterapia
198 Asociación Mexicana de Fitoterapia
199 Sociedad Chilena de Fitoterapia
200 Sociedade Portuguesa de Fitoquímica e Fitoterapia
201 Associação Brasileira de Fitoterapia
La Revista de Fitoterapia está indexada en el IME
(Índice Médico Español), en Latindex, en la Base de
Datos ICYT de Ciencia y Tecnología, en la Base de
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La publicación de mensajes publicitarios no presupone la conformidad de la editora con las informaciones ofrecidas, ni una recomendación de su uso
frente a otros productos.
www.fitoterapia.net/revista/revista.php
Términos de la licencia Creative Commons:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es
2010; 10 (Sup. 1)
203-204 Instrucciones para los autores
Empresas anunciantes por orden de aparición: Deiters, Amorós, Homeosor, Atena,
Bioforce, Farmavital, Aboca, Roda, Salus Floradix, Phytonexus, Intersa, Solgar,
Arkopharma.
International Society for
Ethnopharmacology
The ISE promotes a critical discussion between everyone interested in local
and traditional knowledge on medicinal, food and toxic plants and their past,
present and future.
In many regions of the world such knowledge is changing fast and an ongoing
concern of many members of the society is both a dialogue with the owners
of traditional knowledge and to find ways to ascertain that such knowledge
is passed on to future generations. Knowledge about traditional drugs/medicines is put into practice in different cultural settings in daily health care,
nutrition, veterinary, hunting, pest control etc. We are interested in the perception and the interface of the emic and ethic perspective of such knowledge
and we encourage and promote the future use of such local and traditional
knowledge. Our research approach is increasingly transdisciplinary trying to
strengthen the link between the social and the natural sciences.
For more information and to learn how to join the society as a member, please
go to the following link www.ethnopharmacology.org
Journal of Ethnopharmacology
ISE Official Journal
Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1)
Organizadores · Organizers
ISE (Internacional Society for Ethnopharmacology)
Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
Instituciones Colaboradoras · Instituições Colaboradoras
Collaboring Institutions
2010 International Year of Biodiversity (UNESCO) IYB
Caja Castilla - La Mancha
Jardín Botánico de Castilla-La Mancha
Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha
Excelentísima Diputación de Albacete
Ayuntamiento de Albacete
Universidad Popular de Albacete
Instituto de Estudios Albacetenses "Don Juan Manuel"
Society for Medicinal Plant and Natural Product Research (GA)
Sociedad Española de Fitoterapia. SEFIT
Asociación Ibero-Macaronésica de Jardines Botánicos
Estación de Torretes - CIBIO (Universidad de Alicante)
Comunidad Autónoma de Murcia. Consejería de Agricultura y Agua
Asociación naturalista del Sureste. ANSE
Phytosalus. La sante par nos plantes
Comités de Solidaridad con África Negra-Umoya de Albacete
Association Jardins du Monde
Jardins du Monde Montagnes
Facultad de Educación de Albacete
Asociación Eubacteria. Proyecto oficina Verde
TRAMIL. Programa de investigación aplicada a la medicina popular del
Caribe
Society for Economic Botany SEB
Sociedad Española de Agricultura Ecológica SEAE
Revista de Fitoterapia
Comité de Honor · Comissão de Honra · Honorary Committee
Dª Trinidad Jiménez García-Herrera
Ministra de Sanidad y Política Social
Dª Elena Espinosa Mangana
Ministra de Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino
D. José María Barreda Fontes
Presidente de la Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha
D. Francisco José Pardo Piqueras
Presidente de las Cortes de Castilla-La Mancha
D. Ernesto Martínez Ataz
Rector de la UCLM
D. Pedro Antonio Ruiz Santos
Presidente de la Diputación de Albacete
Dª Carmen Oliver Jaquero
Alcaldesa de Albacete
Presidencia · Presidência · Presidency
S.A.R. Felipe de Borbón y Borbón
Príncipe de Asturias
Presidente de Honor
Diego Rivera Núñez
Presidente Comité Organizador
Prof. Dr. Michael Heinrich
Presidente Comité Científico
University of London
Comité Organizador · Comissão Organizadora
Organizing Commitee
Dr. Alonso Verde López, Secretario
Jardín Botánico de Castilla - La Mancha
Prof. Arturo Valdés Franzi, Tesorero
Universidad de Castilla - La Mancha
Dr. José Fajardo Rodríguez, Coordinador atención a los congresistas,
sesiones de posters y adjunto a la Tesorería
3
Prof. Jorge de las Heras Ibáñez
Coordinador de Relaciones Institucionales
Prof. Esteban Hernández Bermejo
Coordinador EHPE (Historia) y actividades Jardín Botánico
Prof. Manuel Pardo de Santayana
Coordinador EHPE (Etnobotánica)
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
José María Herranz
Coordinador actividades Jardín Botánico
Alfonso Jiménez
Coordinador actividades Jardín Botánico
Ana Maria Carvalho
Coordinadora Relaciones EPHE Portugal
Escola Superior Agrária do Instituto Politécnico de Bragança
Prof. José Martínez Pérez
Coordinación actividades Historia de la Medicina y de la Farmacia y de
relaciones con la Sociedad de Historia de la Medicina
Facultad de Medicina de Albacete
Prof. Pablo Ferrandis Gotor
Coordinador actividades de campo y visitas
Dra. Cristina Inocencio Pretil
Coordinadora relaciones con ISE
Secretaria Internacional Society of ethnopharmacology
Prof. Francisco Alcaraz Ariza
Coordinador Libro de actas (Proceedings)
Prof. Concepción Obón de Castro
Coordinadora Libro de Resúmenes (Abstracts)
Universidad Miguel Hernández
Sol Cristians
Coordinador actividades estudiantes
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Emilio Blanco Castro
Coordinador relaciones con los medios de comunicación
Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid
Comité Científico · Comitê Científico · Scientific Commitee
Michael Heinrich
President
Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytoterapy. UK
Marco Leonti
Secretary
Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico. Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Cagliari. Italy
Carmen Acedo Casado
Universidad de León, Spain
Carla Pilar Aguirre-Marco
Instituto de Historia de la Ciencia y Documentación, Valencia, Spain
Enrique Alonso
Consejo de Estado, Spain
Gonzalo Alonso Díaz-Marta
Universidad de Castilla - La Mancha. Spain
Rudolph Bauer
Universität Graz, Austria
Ramón Buxó
Museu d’Arqueología de Catalunya, Spain
Robert Bye
K. Husnu Can Baser
Anadolu University, Turkey
Salvador Cañigueral Folcará
Universidad de Barcelona, Spain
Fernando Casas
United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity
Margarita Clemente Muñoz
Presidenta Comité de plantas CITES. Universidad de Córdoba. Spain
4
José Manuel De Miguel Garcinuño
Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
José Delgadillo Rodriguez
Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, USA
Francisco Díaz Pineda
Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
Olga Maria Duarte Silva
Universidade de Lisboa
Sarah Edwards
The School of Pharmacy, University of London, UK
Elaine Elisabetsky
Laboratório de Etnofarmacologia, ICBS, UFRGS, Brazil
Jacobus Nicolaas Eloff
Phytomedicine Programme, University of Pretoria, South Africa
Federico Ferreres
CEBAS-CSIC. Murcia, Spain
Barbara Frei Haller
Université de Neuchâtel, Switzerland
José Luis Fresquet-Febrer
Instituto de Historia de la Ciencia y Documentación. Valencia, Spain
Expiración García Sánchez
Escuela de Estudios Árabes, CSIC, Spain
Cristina García Viguera
Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos. CEBAS-CSIC, Spain
Anwar-ul Hassan Gilani
The Aga Khan University Medical College, Pakistan
Elsa Gomes
Med.UL (Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences),
Portugal
Antonio Gómez Sal
Ecología. Universidad de Alcalá, Spain
Reyes González-Tejero
Universidad de Granada, Spain
De-An Guo
Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, China
Andreas Hensel
University of Muenster Germany
Paul Hersch Martínez
Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico
Vernon Heywood
University of Reading, UK
Peter Houghton
King’s College London, UK
Jesús Izco Sevillano
Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Anna K. Jäger
University of Copenhagen, Denmark
Joaquín Jordán Bueso
Facultada de Medicina. UCLM. Spain
Emilio Laguna. Conselleria de Agricultura, Comunidad Valenciana, Spain
Juan José Lastra Menéndez
Universidad de Oviedo, Spain
Edelmira Linares Mazari
Félix Llamas García
Universidad de León, Spain
Rafael Llorach
Universidad de Barcelona, Spain
José Antonio López Sáez
Grupo de Investigación de: Arqueobiología, CSIC, Spain
Subhash C. Mandal
Jadavpur University, India
Salvador Máñez Aliño
Universidad de Valencia, Spain
Matthias F. Melzig
Free University Berli, Germany
Daniel E. Moerman
The University of Michigan-Dearborn, USA
Joaquín Molero Mesa
Universidad de Granada, Spain
Arturo Morales Muñiz
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Spain
Ramón Morales Valverde
Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid, CSIC
Pulok K. Mukherjee
Dept. of Pharmacy, King’s College, London, UK
José María Obón de Castro
Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Spain
Leonor Peña Chocarro
Grupo de Investigación de: Arqueobiología, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
Enrique Perdiguero Gil
Historia de la Ciencia y Ginecología. Universidad Miguel Hernández,
Spain
Juan Bautista Peris
Facultad de Farmacia, Valencia, Spain
Andrea Pieroni
University of Gastronomic Sciences, Pollenzo, Italy
Palpu Pushpangadan
Amity Institute for Herbal And Biotech Development, India
Segundo Ríos Ruíz
CIBIO, Universidad de Alicante, Spain
Ester Risco
Phytonexus SL
Eloy Rodríguez
Cornell University
Uwe Schippmann
Traffic and Committee of Plants CITES, Germany
G. Schmeda Hirschmann
Instituto de Quimíca de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Chile
Melpo Skoula
Park for the Preservation of Flora and Fauna, Technical University of
Crete, Greece
Francisco Javier Tardío Pato
Departamento de Investigación en Desarrollo Rural. IMIDRA Madrid,
Spain
Peter Taylor
Centro de Medicina Experimental. Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Venezuela
Francisco Tomás Barberán
CEBAS-CSIC. Murcia, Spain
Mireia Urpi-Sarda
Dpto. de Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Barcelona, Spain
Joan Vallès Xirau
Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad de Barcelona, Spain
J. Van Staden
Research Centre for Plant Growth & Development. University of KwaZulu-Natal. South Africa
Bernat Vanaclocha
Revista de Fitoterapia, Valencia, Spain
R. Verpoorte
Division of Pharmacognosy, Leiden University, Netherlands
Luis Villar Pérez
Instituto Pirenáico de Ecología, CSIC, Spain
Caroline Weckerle
Institute of Systematic Botany. University of Zurich, Switzerland
Janna Weiss
Acupuncture & Herbal Medicine. Tibet
C.W. Wright
Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University of Bradford, UK
Erdem Yesilada
Dept. of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy. Yeditepe University, Turkey
Peng Yong
Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD). Chinese Academy of
Medical Sciences. China
Zhongzhen Zhao
School of Chinese Medicine. Hong Kong Baptist University, China.
5
Food and Medicinal plants in the Socotra archipelago (Phoenix dactylifera L. and
Dracaena cinnabari Balf.f.). Photo by Joël Lodé.
Plantas medicinales y comestibles en el archipiélago de Socotra (Phoenix dactylifera L. y Dracaena cinnabari Balf.f.). Foto: Joël Lodé.
Wellcome
It gives us great pleasure to invite you to the 11th Congress of the International Society
for Ethnopharmacology and the Ier Encuentro Hispano-Portugués de Etnobiología to be
held from September 20 to September 25, 2010 in Albacete (Castilla-La Mancha, Spain).
This joint conference will certainly be one of the most exciting and prestigious international events in the field of medicinal plant sciences. Spain is a fascinating country that
is full of vitality, cultural diversity and culinary delights. We trust that the dynamic and
magical spirit of the small city of Albacete (Castilla-La Mancha) will provide a very stimulating milieu for scientific exchange amongst ethnopharmacologists, ethnobiologists
and ethnobotanists from all over the world. We are certain that this event will offer
exciting opportunities for exchanging the latest scientific news and for networking with
colleagues. On behalf of the organizing and scientific committees, we look forward to
welcoming you to Castilla-La Mancha in September 2010.
Prof. Dr. Diego Rivera Núñez
FLS Prof. Dr. Michael Heinrich
FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA
UNIVERSIDAD DE MURCIA SPAIN
FLS CENTRE FOR PHARMACOGNOSY & PHYTOTHERAPY
THE SCHOOL OF PHARMACY
UNIV. LONDON, UK
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Presentación y objetivos
La Etnobiología y la Etnofarmacología son disciplinas científicas relativamente recientes, que se han desarrollado a lo largo
de la segunda mitad del siglo XX. En España se viene trabajando en estas materias de forma continuada a partir de 1980,
por grupos de investigación de diversas universidades, centros del CSIC, jardines botánicos y otras instituciones. Centrados
en el estudio de las interacciones de los grupos humanos con las especies de su entorno, en términos de conocimiento,
usos y gestión, los trabajos etnobiológicos implican la actividad de biólogos, botánicos, zoólogos, ecólogos, antropólogos
y otros grupos de especialistas. Cuando se considera la dimensión temporal, en particular el caso de la evidencia de esas
interacciones en el pasado cercano y remoto, se implican en estos estudios arquobotánicos, arqueozoólogos, paleoetnobotánicos, etc. La Etnofarmacología se centra en la utilización medicinal de los recursos del entorno en las sociedades humanas y fundamentalmente en los sistemas tradicionales (comunidades indígenas, grupos rurales, etc...). En esta materia
intervienen etnobotánicos, botánicos, farmacólogos, fitoquímicos, bioquímicos, antropólogos médicos, historiadores de
la medicina, investigadores clínicos, etc. Tanto una como otra disciplina tienen utilidad y aplicación especialmente en el
ámbito de la sostenibilidad del aprovechamiento de los recursos naturales y de la conservación de los recursos genéticos
y del conocimiento tradicional.
En España se llevaron a cabo diversas reuniones de etnobotánicos a finales del siglo XX, en Granada, Córdoba o Madrid.
Cabe destacar el congreso Etnobotánica 92 celebrado en Córdoba, con notable participación de investigadores iberoamericanos. La International Society of Ethnopharmacology agrupa a numerosos investigadores de todo el mundo y publica
la revista Journal of Ethnopharmacology, una de las más prestigiosas en ese campo, editada por Elsevier e incluida en
posición destacada en los rankings internacionales de revistas científicas. La International Society of Ethnopharmacology
organiza sus congresos con periodicidad bianual siendo los últimos los de Sao Paulo (2008), Nanning (2006), y Canterbury
(2004). La propuesta de celebrar en Castilla - La Mancha y concretamente en Albacete el congreso ISE 2010 surge del
conocimiento previo que la directiva de la citada sociedad tiene de los investigadores etnobotánicos manchegos y de
las características de Castilla - La Mancha y sus posibilidades para albergar un congreso internacional de este tipo. En
2008 se presentó en Sao Paulo la candidatura de Albacete para sede del congreso ISE 2010, compitiendo con Calcuta
(India). La propuesta se hacía por los Dres Alonso Verde y José Fajardo en representación de la Universidad de Castilla
- La Mancha, contando con investigadores de la misma y de las universidades de Murcia y Miguel Hernández de Elche.
Una vez aceptada la candidatura Castellano-Manchega para la sede de ISE 2010 se realizó la primera reunión del comité
organizador y se planteó la conveniencia de organizar en paralelo el primer encuentro Hispano-Portugués de Etnobiología,
al objeto de completar un temario, de por sí bastante amplio. Pero sobre todo de potenciar los contactos interdisciplinares
entre investigadores españoles y portugueses de diversas materias relacionadas con la Etnobiología. El congreso se fija
por motivos estratégicos en la semana del 20 al 26 de septiembre de 2010, para ubicarlo temporalmente en el contexto
de otros congresos internacionales sobre plantas medicinales como el de la GA (Society for Medicinal Plant and Natural
Product Research - Gesellschaft für Arzneipflanzen-und Naturstoff-Forschung) en Berlín, que ha tenido lugar a comienzos de
septiembre, y para conectarlo con la Feria de Albacete, de la cual se celebra el tercer centenario de su institucionalización
la semana inmediatamente anterior.
Ambos congresos cuentan con un nutrido comité científico internacional, de casi un centenar de expertos, con amplia representación de investigadores españoles e iberoamericanos. Este comité ha participado en la definición de las temáticas
de ambos congresos y se espera que contribuya de manera significativa en la selección de los trabajos a presentar y en
la edición de las actas. Se pretende prestar particular atención a la participación de investigadores jóvenes a través de un
marco de actividades específicas y de un sistema de reducciones en las inscripciones y becas para estudiantes y “junior
researchers”. Ambos congresos pretenden servir de foro para temas prácticos que son objeto de debate en la sociedad
como es la concreción del Convenio de Biodiversidad y de las estrategias de la Conferencia de Rio de Janeiro en materia
de conocimiento tradicional y gestión de recursos.
9
11th ISE congress 2010
Continuity and change in Ethnopharmacology:
In memoriam of Prof. Nina Etkin († 2009)
The ISE’s first congress took place about 20 years ago (Strasbourg 1990). This year (2009) the Journal of Ethnopharmacology, the official journal of the International Society for Ethnopharmacology (ISE) will celebrate its 30th birthday and the
term as such has now been used for more than 40 years. Several generations of ethnopharmacological researchers with
diverse backgrounds and interest have shaped the field and today it certainly is a diverse and flourishing area of academic
and applied research. While some decades ago we focused on what we considered ‘traditional knowledge’, there now
is an increasing focus on the dynamics of knowledge. Similarly, the last decades have made us more and more aware
how crucial the protection and sustainable use of biodiversity is and that there is an intrinsic link between biological and
cultural diversity. Ideas taken from traditional knowledge systems continue to be an important source of inspiration in drug
development and at the same time ‘new’ food supplements and herbal remedies from ‘traditional societies ‘are entering
the market at an ever increasing rate.
Our 11th congress will address these dynamics and will offer a unique opportunity do present ethnopharmacological work
and to discuss the wider implications of our research. It will be celebrated from 20. – 25.9.2010 jointly with the first
Spanish-Portuguese Symposium on Ethnobiology at the University of Castilla – La Mancha in Albacete, Spain.
The main themes of the congress are:
- Ethnopharmacology and biocultural diversity
- Circum-Mediterranean ethnopharmacology / ethnobotany and its exchange with the Americas
- From traditional remedies to modern medicines – phytochemical, pharmacological and clinical studies
- Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and their role in ethnopharmacology
- The interface between history and ethnopharmacology
- The interface of medicine and food plants
The congress is dedicated to the memory of Prof. Nina Etkin, former president of the ISE and well known researcher with a
special interest in the food and medicine interface, who died on 27.01.2009. We will commemorate her life and work. For
the very first time, we are also planning events for younger researchers in the field. I would like to invite you to contribute
to this event and to share your experiences with the scholarly community.
Prof. Michael Heinrich
President ISE (2008 – 2010)
Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy
The School of Pharmacy
University of London
11
1er EHPE 2010
Los retos de la Etnobiología en España y Portugal
El primer Encuentro Hispano-Portugués de Etnobiología pretende fortalecer la conexión entre diversos grupos de trabajo,
investigadores, estudiantes, y cualquiera otras personas, interesados en las formas de vida y los conocimientos tradicionales –pasados o presentes– asociados a la biodiversidad en España y Portugal. Este encuentro centra sus objetivos sobre
Etnobiología, Arqueobiología, Etnobiología histórica, Etnomedicina, Etnofarmacología, Etnotaxonomía, Fitonimia, los paisajes culturales, la protección de la biodiversidad, el acceso y la distribución de los beneficios y otros temas relacionados. El
congreso incluirá paneles, conferencias, talleres y otras manifestaciones y exposiciones como un mecanismo para mostrar
la experiencia y los resultados de los participantes.
1 EHPE 2010
O primeiro Encontro Hispano-Português de Etnobiologia pretende fortalecer o contacto entre diversos grupos de trabalho,
investigadores, estudantes e quaisquer outras pessoas interessadas nas formas de vida e nos conhecimentos tradicionais
–passados ou presentes– associados à biodiversidade, em Espanha e Portugal. Este encontro centra os seus objectivos na
Etnobiologia, Arqueobiologia, Etnobiologia histórica, Etnomedicina, Etnofarmacologia, Etnotaxonomia, Fitonímia, as paisagens culturais, a protecção da biodiversidade, o acesso e a distribuição dos benefícios e outros temas relacionados.
O congresso incluirá painéis, conferências, workshops, exposições e outras manifestações e actividades que permitirão
mostrar a experiência e os resultados dos trabalhos dos participantes.
Mejora
tus defensas
Echinaforce
La fuerza de la equinácea
obtenida de la planta fresca
Consulta en www.farline.es o llama al 902 522 999
17
Lista de contribuciones científicas
Lista de contribuições científicas
List of scientific contributions
KEY NOTES SPEAKER (KN)
29
KN-01
Ethnopharmacology and biodiversity conservation:
towards a sustainable future for indigenous peoples
V.H. Heywood
KN-02
TCM in the "West": Benefits or Bane from an ethnopharmacological perspective
R. Bauer
PLENARY LECTURES (PL)
33
PL-01
Etnobotánica hispana vista desde América: coincidencias y diferencias
R. Bye, E. Linares
PL-02
The relevance of traditional ecological knowledge in
Ethnopharmacology. Theoretical and methodological
contributions
V. Reyes-García
PL-03
PL-09
Exchanges between Brazilian native cultures and
Portuguese traditional medicine – an ethnopharmacological perspective
E. Elisabetsky, I. Manzali de Sá
PL-10
The future of local and traditional medicines in
southern Africa
J. Van Staden, G.I. Stafford
EHPE
41
EHPE-1
43
E1-O01
El Fuego en los usos tradicionales de la flora de la
Serra do Açor (Portugal)
J. Argüello Van de Putte
E1-O02
Ajenjo: the case of unusual plants adapted for human
consumption
M. Viteri, M. Heinrich
Archaeological evidence of the medicinal use of
plants
R. Buxó
E1-O03
Are older people wiser about medicinal and food
plants? The example of the Basque Country, Spain
R. Alarcón, C. Priestley, M. Heinrich
PL-04
Impact of historical texts on today’s medicinal plant
knowledge in the Mediterranean
M. Leonti, S. Cabras, C.S. Weckerle, M Novella Solinas,
L. Casu
E1-O04
Plantas medicinales de usanza tradicional en la zona
centro de las Rías Baixas (Galicia)
E. González Casal, P. Cariñanos González
E1-O05
PL-05
Changing scenario for promotion and development of
Ayurveda in ISM – way forward
P. K. Mukherjee
PL-06
The Tree of Life: An ecological continuum of food, medicine, and poison
W. McClatchey
Etnozoologia e conservação da natureza: O caso de
uma possível reintrodução de espécies outrora emblemáticas no Parque Natural da Serra da Estrela
(Portugal)
F. Soares, C. Sousa
E1-O06
Plantas silvestres comestibles y su uso tradicional en
Gorbeialdea (Bizkaia, País Vasco)
G. Menendez, I. García-Mijangos, J. Tardío, V. Reyes-García, M. Pardo-de-Santayana
E1-O07
Percursos da Etnobiologia Portuguesa: história, projectos e actividades nos últimos dez anos
A.M. Carvalho, A. Frazão-Moreira
PL-07
Ethnic medicines in China – a look beyond TCM
C. Weckerle
PL-08
Heritage, Medicinal Material Resources and Our
Efforts
ZZ. Zhao
18
E1-O08
Tracing medicinal plant knowledge by the Use of
Photographs among Tyrolean (Austria) Emigrants in
Australia, Brasil and Peru
H. Pirker, E. Kuhn, R. Haselmair, C. Vogl
E1-P01
Plantas medicinales con actividad a nivel digestivo
de la Comunidad de Madrid
M.E. Carretero, M.P. Gómez-Serranillos, M.T. Ortega, O.M.
Palomino
E1-O09
Museo Virtual de Historia de la Educación. Una herramienta para la didáctica de la Etnobotánica y la
Etnozoología
J.P. Marín, J.M. Bernal, J.D. López
E1-P02
Análisis de la flora medicinal de la Comunidad Autónoma de Extremadura
J. Blanco, F.M. Vázquez, D. García, F. Márquez, M. Gutiérrez, J.L. López, M.J. Guerra, M.A. Cabeza de Vaca
E1-O10
Los Laureleros de Nopaltepec, estado de México y
el uso de Litsea glaucescens H.B.K. (Lauraceae) de
Tezoantla, estado de Hidalgo, México
B.N. López Gutiérrez, B.E. Pérez-Escandón, M.A. Villavicencio Nieto
E1-P03
Aplicación de algunos métodos y conceptos de la
investigación en ciencias sociales a un estudio etnobotánico realizado en Mallorca (Islas Baleares)
E. Carrió, J. Vallès
E1-P04
E1-O11
Aprovechamiento de las Plantas Medicinales en la
región Noreste de Actopan, Hidalgo (México)
E.R. Martínez Pérez, M.A. Villavicencio Nieto, B.E. PérezEscandón
Actividade antioxidante e antiacetilcolinesterase em
extractos de Artemisia campestris e Helichrysum
stoechas da Flora Portuguesa
L.J. Silva, P.L. Falé, L. Ascensão, M.L. Serralheiro
E1-P05
Variación estacional en los niveles de compuestos
fenólicos totales y flavonoides en plantas gipsícolas
O. Mayoral, M. Boscaiu, J.V. Llinares, P. Donat, P. Calatayud, I. Bautista, A. Lidón, C. Lull, O. Vicente
E1-P06
Medicinal and food uses of Euphorbia's in three regions of the Basque Country
R. Alarcon, C. Priestly, M. Heinrich
E1-P07
An Ethnobotanical study in Navarra (Spain)
M.I. Calvo, S. Akerreta, R.Y. Cavero
E1-P08
Plantas tóxicas utilizadas tradicionalmente como insecticidas y repelente de insectos en Las Arribes del
Duero (centro-oeste de España)
J.A. González, M. García-Barriuso, F. Amich
E1-P09
Ethnobotany in the Cantabrian mountains: Cofiñal
(León)
A. Alonso, C. Acedo, F. Llamas
E1-O12
E1-O13
Usos tradicionales del madroño (Arbutus unedo L.) y
estimación de su producción de frutos
M. Molina, M. Pardo de Santayana, R. Morales, L. Aceituno, J. Tardío
Ethnobotany and Scientific Culture - The Beja Botanical Museum (Portugal)
L.M. de Carvalho, F. Fernandes
E1-O14
La bellota en la alimentación humana en la Península
Ibérica
E. García Gómez, J. Pereira Sieso, M. Pardo de Santayana
E1-O15
Atividade cicatrizante do óleo essencial de Hyptis
lophanta Mart. ex Benth (Lamiaceae)
C. Takayama, A. Luiz-Ferreira, F.M. de-Faria, A.R.M. SouzaBrito
E1-O16
Los animales en la medicina popular de España ¿Qué
interés? ¿Qué futuro?
E. Motte-Florac
E1-P10
Uso de Plantas Medicinales en la Farmacia Comunitaria en la zona norte de Cáceres (España)
M.T. Sáenz, A.M. Quílez, M.D. Garcia
E1-O17
Montia fontana L., un interesante recurso silvestre
del Oeste de la Península Ibérica
J. Tardío, M. Molina, L. Aceituno, R. Morales, M. Pardo
de Santayana, P. Morales, P. García, V. Fernández, M.C.
Sánchez-Mata
E1-P11
Revalorización del consumo de plantas comestibles
silvestres de la provincia de Alicante (España)
C. Obón, A. Romojaro, M.T. Pretel
E1-P12
Control de calidad de achicoria en las herboristerías
de la ciudad de Valencia
M.T. Barquero, I. Martínez Solís, J. Güemes
E1-P13
Estudio etnofarmacológico de Euphorbia lactea Haw.
M.D. García, M.A. Fernández, R. Puerta, M.T. Sáenz
E1-P14
Antioxidant components in strawberry-tree fruits (Arbutus unedo L.)
B.M. Ruiz, P. Morales, V. Fernández, M.C. Sánchez, M. Cámara, M. Molina, J. Tardío
E1-P15
Management and sustainable use of medicinal and
aromatic plants as a contribution to the valorisation
of the rural areas – an ethnobotanical approach
E. Bettencourt, S. Dias, F. Rocha, V.R. Lopes, A.M. Barata
A.M. Carvalho.
E1-P16
Conocimiento y uso tradicional de las setas en el Poniente Granadino, España.
G. Benítez, J. Molero Mesa, M.R. González-Tejero
E1-O18
Usos tradicionales de las plantas en la provincia de
Salamanca. Una aproximación al estudio de las relaciones de las plantas y los pueblos de Salamanca
E. Blanco, J. Criado, J.M. Velasco
E1-O19
Perspectivas de la investigación etnozoológica en
España
C. Ibero Solana, J.E. Hernández Bermejo
E1-O20
Phenolic acids profile and antioxidant properties of
wild edible mushrooms from North-eastern Portugal
L. Barros, M.J. Sousa, A. Martins, C. Santos-Buelga, I.C.F.R.
Ferreira
E1-O21
The globalization of funerary culture: plant symbolism
in cemeteries in Ecuador
J. Izco, R. Ansalaoni, D. Minga
E1-P17
Aplicaciones etnofarmacológicas de la ortiga (Urtica
dioica L.) en la provincia de La Coruña (Galicia, España)
J.A. Latorre Catalá
EHPE-2
19
69
E2-O01
Evidencia arqueozoológica y etnográfica del uso de
yunques óseos
A.M. Moreno García, B.C. Pimenta
E2-O02
Usos tradicionales y recientes de la palmera datilera
y especies próximas (Phoenix, Arecaceae) en el SE
de España
D. Rivera, C. Obón, A. Alonso, F. Alcaraz, E. Laguna
Aproximación desde la arqueobotánica a la producción comercial y a la alimentación de dos enclaves
portuarios del s IV a.C. El Tossal de les Basses y la
Illeta dels Banyets (Alicante)
G. Pérez Jordá
E2-O03
E1-P20
Estudio sobre la biodiversidad agrícola en la Alpujarra granadina
J.M. Romero, M.R. González-Tejero, J. Molero, G. Bénitez
Estudio palinológico de Huerta Grande en el Generalife (Granada)
A. Medina, E. Martín-Consuegra, J.E. Hernández Bermejo
E2-O04
E1-P21
Aproximación al conocimiento etnomicológico en
Castilla-La Mancha (España)
J. Fajardo, A. Verde, A. Valdés, D. Rivera, C. Obón
E1-P22
Los caracoles como alimento tradicional en Albacete. Recolección y consumo
J. Fajardo, A. Verde, A. Valdés, D. Rivera D, C. Obón
E1-P23
Efeito da uva Vitis vinifera sobre a expressão do NFκB na colite experimental
A. Luiz-Ferreira, R.J. Dunder, A.C.A. Almeida, E.A.R. Socca,
F.M. de Faria, C. Takayama, A.R.M. Souza-Brito
E1-P18
E1-P19
Conservación de variedades tradicionales de frutales
de la Sierra Norte de Madrid
L. Aceituno Mata, E. Montero González, M. Pardo de Santayana, M. Molina, J. Tardío
E1-P24
Importancia de los estudios micromorfológicos y
anatómicos en la identificación de drogas vegetales
L.M. Muñoz Centeno
E1-P25
Base de datos del Patrimonio Etnobotánico y la conservación de Recursos Etnobotánicos de la Región
de Murcia
F. Alcaraz, D. Rivera, Y.E. Garrido, C. Obón, M.A. Carrión,
E. Carreño
E1-P26
Toxic plants used as medicines in the region of Terra
Chá (Northwest Iberian Peninsula)
J. Anllo Naveiras, S. Ortíz Nuñez
E1-P27
La alimentación de animales domésticos y la conservación de recursos etnobotánicos de la Región de
Murcia
Y. E. Garrido, F. Alcaraz, D. Rivera, C. Obón, M.A. Carrión,
E. Carreño
E1-P28
Base de datos "Recursos etnobiológicos de CastillaLa Mancha (España)"
A. Valdés, J. Botía, R. Roldán, A. Verde, J. Fajardo
E1-P29
Aspectos da Cadeia Produtiva de Butiá (Butia capitata (Mart.) Becc., Arecaceae) nos municípios de
Imbituba e Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil.
L.K. Antunes Sampaio, P. Goulart, N. Hanazaki
E1-P30
Etnoflora de los macerados hidroalcohólicos en la
Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares: frutos vs. hierbas
medicinales.
S. Ríos, V. Martínez-Francés, D. Rivera
E1-P31
Avaliação do monoterpeno β-mirceno nas úlceras
gástrica e duodenal e seus mecanismos de ação.
F. Bonamin, C.A.R.A. Costa, L.R.M. da Rocha, C.A. HirumaLima
La explotación de los recursos vegetales en el entorno de Irún (Guipúzcoa) en época medieval: una
aproximación desde la arqueobotánica
L. Peña-Chocarro, M. Ruiz Alonso
EHPE-3
71
E3-O01
Fitonimia y Etimología. La hierba de Santiago, Senecio jacobaea L., en textos botánicos árabes andalusíes
J. Bustamante Costa
E3-O02
Las orquídeas según los farmacólogos y botánicos de
Al-Ándalus
E. García Sánchez, J.M. Carabaza Bravo, J.E. Hernández
Bermejo
E3-O03
Los Naturalistas andalusies fuente documental para
la etnobotánica actual
M.A. Navarro García, V.M. Barraso Romero
E3-O04
Cannabis en Al-Ándalus
I. Lozano Cámara
E3-O05
La Etnobotánica en Al-Ándalus a través de las representaciones vegetales presentes en la cerámica
califal
E. Serrano Jaén, J.E. Hernández Bermejo
E3-O06
El Renacimiento de las Ciencias Agrícolas en Europa
a través de los autores toledanos ¿siglo XVI o siglo
XI?
J. E. Hernández Bermejo, E. García Sánchez, J.M. Carabaza
Bravo
E3-P01
Plant Names: obstacles and solutions in accessing
information about medicinal plants
R. Allkin
E3-P02
Análisis de la diversidad etnobiológica a través del
estudio de tres topografías médicas valencianas
V. Martínez-Francés, S. Ríos, J. Bernabeu, J. Juan
EHPE-4
75
E4-O01
Medicina tradicional na Guiné-Bissau: Plantas usadas por PMT da Região de Iemberém
E.T. Gomes, M.A. Diniz, E.S. Martins, O. Silva
E4-O02
Como me disse um curandeiro: "o teu trabalho fica
escrito". Etnografia e ética num contexto da GuinéBissau
A. Frazão-Moreira
20
E4-O03
Ethnoecology, ecotourism and conservation of crocodiles. Venezuela and Burkina Faso cases
J.L. Rubio, R. Antelo, M. Luzon
EHPE-5
76
E7-O02
Etnobiología, Etnoecología y resiliencia de los huertos familiares de campesinos en Tirol del Este (Osttirol, Lienz) en los Alpes Austriacos
C.R. Vogl, B. Vogl-Lukasser
E5-O01
Abordaje del consumo de plantas medicinales en
atención primaria: los productos de origen comercial
y los recolectados en el campo
M.C. Carrasco, J.R. Vallejo, D. Peral, M.A. Martín
E7-O03
E5-O02
Enfermedades, dolencias y trastornos manejados
con remedios naturales por usuarios de medicina
popular en la ciudad de Badajoz
D. Peral, M.A. Martín, J.R. Vallejo, M.C. Carrasco
Estudio de la evolución del paisaje de las huertas del
Generalife (Granada) a través de fuentes documentales: viajeros y grabados
M. Navarro Burgos, E. García Sánchez, J. E. Hernández
Bermejo
E7-O04
E5-O03
Historia de los distintos enfoques en la investigación
sobre Medicina Popular
D. Peral, J.R. Vallejo
Las "plantas silvestres" dentro del huerto tradicional,
mecanismo de conservación de la biodiversidad y
posibles ventajas de la inversión del proceso en la
actualidad
C. Anllo Naveiras, J. Anllo Naveiras
E7-P01
E5-O04
De la "Medicina Popular" al pluralismo médico
E. Perdiguero
E5-O05
The "Land of Herbology": Ethnobotanical knowledge
as collective identity
E. Mateus
Estudio de la agrobiodiversidad en huertos del centro
de Asturias
S. Vila, J.J. Lastra, L. Aceituno, L. Calvet Mir, T. Garnatje,
G. Ochoa, M. Parada, M. Pardo de Santayana, M. Rigat, J.
Vallès, V. Reyes-García
E7-P02
Recuperación del saber popular asociado a las vías
pecuarias como recurso para el desarrollo sostenible
en el tramo toledano de la Cañada Real Segoviana
J. Rojo, F. Fernández-González, A. Rodríguez Torres, R.
Pérez-Badia
E7-P03
Transhumance in Galicia
J.L. Rubio, M. Luzon
E5-O06
Challenges in the introduction of ethnopharmacological resources in public health care services in Mexico City
P. Hersch Martínez
E5-P01
Plantas aromáticas e medicinais e conhecimento
etnobotânico em Trás-os-Montes (Portugal): recolha
de usos e saberes em novos contextos rurais
A. Castro, S. Claro, M.T. Ramos, L. Barros, A.M. Carvalho
E5-P02
Etnobotánica de algunas comunidades Afro-descendientes de América desde un Contexto MágicoReligioso
N. Pino, G. Ramírez
E5-P03
Representations of everlasting flowers (Helichrysum
sp. pl.) in symbolic funerary iconography
J. Izco, G. Caneva
EHPE-6
81
E6-O01
Las plantas del mundo ante la ortodoxia galénica y la
experiencia en la Europa del Renacimiento
J.L. Fresquet, C. Aguirre
E6-O02
La obra botánica de Andrés Laguna (siglo XVI) en su
traducción del Dioscórides
R. Morales
E6-O03
La Etnobotánica en México, aspectos legales
M. Gispert Cruells, B. Coutiño Bello
E6-P01
Los "sanpedritos": recurso etnofarmacológico nahua
de Guerrero, México, y sus diversos planos de eficacia
L. González Chévez, P. Hersch Martínez
EHPE-7
E7-O01
EHPE-8
Aproximación a la tipología de los fitónimos en catalán
J. Vallès, E. Carrió, T. Garnatje, M. Parada, M. Rigat
E8-O02
Los nombres de los árboles en las distintas lenguas
de los Pirineos: una aproximación etnobotánica
L. Villar, R. Garreta, J. Vallès
E8-O03
Fitotoponimia de la provincia de Ciudad Real (España)
A. García-Villaraco, M. Pardo de Santayana, R. Morales
E8-O04
Malherbología etnológica: las malas hierbas en la
toponimia castellana y leonesa
M. Sanz Elorza
E8-O05
Fitonimia del macizo del Montseny (cordillera prelitoral catalana). Aspectos etnobotánicos, lingüísticos y
toponímicos
M.A. Bonet, J.C. Villalonga
E8-O06
Transfigurações da "árvore". Considerações sobre o
género e suas alterações na lingua portuguesa
A.S. Dias, L.S. Dias, T. Santos
E8-O07
Contribución de la Fitoponimia y la Toponimia Forestal
a la Sinfitocorología Histórica: algunos ejemplos en
La Rioja
C. López Leiva, J. Cuevas Moreno, L. Bajo González, E.
Marcos Ruiz
E8-O08
Nomenclatura popular de los recursos biológicos en
Castilla-La Mancha (España)
J. Fajardo, A. Verde, A. Valdés, J. Botía, R. Roldán, D. Rivera, C. Obón
83
Estudio etnobotánico de los huertos domésticos de
Montejo de la Sierra: manejo, variedades y redes sociales
R.R. Ontillera Sánchez, M. Pardo de Santayana, L. Aceituno
Mata, V. Reyes-García
86
E8-O01
21
E8-P01
Morfoanatomía de hojas de Eucalyptus cinerea F.
Muell. ex Benth. (Myrtaceae)
S.M. Silva, Y. Alquini, L. Hoffmann, T. Nakashima
ISE1-P08 Establishment of a Dynamic Ethnomedicinal Database based on Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants
P. Guo, Z.Z. Zhao, F.S.J. Hung, M.H. Wu, H.B. Chen
E8-P02
Fitotoponímia das Terras de Miranda, Portugal. Relação entre os topónimos em mirandês, as plantas,
os saberes e os vestígios de outras eras e povos
A.B. Alves, M.T. Ramos, A.M. Carvalho
ISE1-P09 Mixtures of Medicinal Plants used in Navarra (Spain)
R.Y. Cavero, S. Akerreta, M.I. Calvo
E8-P03
Contenido nutrimental de dos especies de flores de
palmas comestibles en la reserva "Selva del Ocote",
México
A. Caballero Roque, J. Ballinas, J. Morales
ISE
93
ISE-1
95
ISE1-O01 A sustainable approach to Ethnopharmacology – Biovision Foundation supports pilot project in Kenya’s
rainforest
W. Lwande, V. Albertin, J. Bwire, H.R. Herren, F. Nduguli ,
M. Nelima, F. Wartmann, B. Frei Haller
ISE1-O02 A botanical and medicinal Ethnography of Vanuatu
G. Bradacs, J. Heilmann, O. Ullrich, C. Weckerle
ISE1-O03 Towards a database on ethnobotany of the Catalan
linguistic area
E. Carrió, M. Parada, J. Parada, M. Rigat, X. Sobrequis, T.
Garnatje, J. Vallés
ISE1-O04 The importance of palms as medicinal resources in
northwestern South America
M.J. Macía, R. Cámara-Leret, N. Paniagua-Zambrana
ISE1-P01 The Medicinal Use of Invertebrates in Northern Vietnam
M. Teravainen, K. Dang Long, N. Phuong Lien, N. Huy
Phong, N. Duc Hiep, J. Muona
ISE1-P02 Plants used as pesticides in Hidalgo State, México
M.A. Villavicencio Nieto, B.E. Pérez Escandón, B.N. López
Gutiérrez, A.J. Gordillo Martínez
ISE1-P03 Evaluation of cestocidal efficacy of Acacia oxyphylla
(Leguminosae)
R. Bishnupada, S. Dasgupta
ISE1-P04 Evaluation of the insecticidal activity from Tithonia
diversifolia and Clibadium sylvestre in the control of
Atta cephalotes L.
N. Pino, E. Palacios, L. Perea
ISE1-P05 Review of Oncology-focused publications in field of
Chinese Herbal Medicine
R. Kumari, J. de Lucio Cazana, L. Garcia Bermejo, S Watson
ISE1-P06 Significance of Tovomita species in strict diets in
Chazuta valley (Peruvian Amazon)
J. Sanz-Biset, S. Cañigueral
ISE1-P07 Evaluating the contribution of the reintroduction and
use of Yagé in Siona indigenous communities in Putumayo, Colombia
L. Matias-Hernandez, S. Fustukian
ISE1-P10 Antibacterial activity of extracts from endemic "Montado" species against multi-drug resistant pathogens
B. Lai, A. Duarte, G. Teixeira, A.I. Correia, N. Oliveira, A.M.
Madureira
ISE1-P11 Salvia divinorum: Its novel use and representation on
the WWW
I. Casselman, M. Heinrich
ISE1-P12 Diffusion indices as innovative tools to compare
ethnopharmacological data. Case of antileishmanial
plant species in Amazonia
G. Odonne, D. Stien, G. Bourdy
ISE1-P13 Comparison of the Chemical Profiles and Anti-platelet
Aggregation Effects of Two "Dragon’s Blood" Drugs
Used in Traditional Chinese Medicine
T. Yi, H.B. Chen, Z-Z Zhao, J Liu
ISE1-P14 Medicinal Plants in the Markets of Pucallpa, Peruvian
Amazon
X. Jauregui García, M. Clavo Peralta, M. Pardo-de-Santayana
ISE1-P15 Sustainable use of wild medicinal plants: a case study
in Nabanhe National Nature Reserve, Yunnan/China
S.F. Bucher, B. Ghorbani, Dr. G. Langenberger , J. Sauerborn
ISE1-P16 Anatomical characterizacion, anti-tripanocide and
free radical scavenging activities of Castela tweedii
Planch. (Simaroubaceae)
L. Pulido Garcia, O. Di Sapio, I. Nocito, M.N. Campagna,
M. Gattuso
ISE1-P17 Traditional andalusian phytotherapy: synthesis and
comparative analysis between eastern and western
Andalusia
M.R. González-Tejero, J. Molero Mesa, G. Benitez, R. Velasco, J. Vilches
ISE1-P18 The medicinal use of acorns in the Iberian Peninsula
E. García Gómez, M. Pardo de Santayana, J. Pereira Sieso
ISE1-P19 Medicinal plant uses linked to the transhumance
cattle track of the Cañada Real Segoviana in Toledo
(central Spain)
J. Rojo, F. Fernández-González, S. Sardinero, R. Pérez-Badia
ISE1-P20 Medicinal plants known as "Arnica" in the Iberian
Peninsula (Spain and Portugal): An ethnobotanical
review
D. Rivera, C. Obón, A. Verde, J. Fajardo, A. Valdés
ISE1-P21 Wild Food Plants Used in Kfarhamam (Southern Lebanon)
L. Attieh, D. Rivera, C. Obón, F. Alcaraz
ISE1-P22 Biological and cultural heritage of native medicinal
plants in the South of Santa Catarina, Brazil: rescue
and communication of knowledge
F. Chechetto, C.W. Kffuri, A. Balbino Ferreira, Lin Chau
Ming, G. Antônio Damian, C. Trein
22
ISE-2
108
ISE2-O01 Historical and molecular evidence for date palm introduction in America (Phoenix dactylifera, Arecaceae)
D. Rivera, E. Carreño, D. Johnson, J. Delgadillo, M.H. Carrillo, C. Obón, R. Krueger, F. Alcaraz, S. Ríos
ISE2-P01 Cypriot iatrosophia and Dioscorides De Materia Medica in a diachronic perspective
A. Lardos, J.M. Prieto, M. Heinrich
ISE2-P02 Plants used in folk veterinary medicine in the Arribes
del Duero Natural Park, western Spain
J. A. González, M. García-Barriuso, F. Amich
ISE3-O06 Ethnopharmacology and Phytochemistry of Malian
medicinal plants
D. Diallo, S. Bah, C.S. Nergard, K.T. Inngjerdingen, A. Togola, T.E. Grønhaug, T.E. Michaelsen, B.S. Paulsen
ISE3-O07 Ethnopharmacology Project. A summary of an experiment in Guinea-Bissau
E.T. Gomes, O. Silva
ISE3-O08 Evaluation of extracts of Triclisia subcordata Oliv and
Heinsia crinita (Afz) G. Taylor for antimicrobial activity
against some clinical bacterial isolates and fungi
L. Ibraheem, K. Abo, O. Adebayo
ISE2-P03 European plants used by Brazilian communities in
Santiago (Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil)
S.M.B. Volk, F. Llamas, C. Acedo
ISE3-O09 Phytochemical composition and in vitro analysis of
antioxidant properties in flowers of medicinal species
traditionally used in Northeastern Portugal
L. Barros , A.M. Carvalho, I.C.F.R. Ferreira
ISE2-P04 Traditional medicinal plants used in the region of Gorbeialdea (Biscay, Basque Country)
G. Menendez, V. Reyes-García, R. Morales, M. Pardo-deSantayana
ISE3-O10 The antitumour effect of Samento, a preparation of
Uncaria tomentosa, is probably due to its anti-inflammatory activity
I. Urdanibia, O. Estrada, P. Taylor
ISE2-P05 An etnopharmacological review on the Turkish Labiatae species
G. Bulut, E. Tuzlacı
ISE3-P01 Exploring possible Interaction potential of standardized Glycyrrhiza glabra with reference to glycyrrhizin
on Cytochrome P450
S. Pandit, S. Ponnusankar M.Venkatesh, A. Gantait, A.
Bandyopadhyay, P.K. Mukherjee
ISE2-P06 Ethnoveterinary knowledge in Granada, Andalusia,
Spain
G. Benítez, M.R. González-Tejero, J. Molero Mesa
ISE2-P07 Traditional management of autochthonous endangered breeds of hen (Gallus domesticus) in the Iberian
Southeast (Spain): between the Ethnoveterinary and
the superstition
J. Sánchez Balibrea, P. López Barquero, J.F. Martínez Pérez
ISE-3
112
ISE3-O01 Evaluation of the cholinergic pathways in α-hederininduced contraction of rat isolated stomach strips
M. Mendel, M. Chłopecka, N. Dziekan, W. Karlik, M. Wiechetek
ISE3-O02 Safety assessment of selected Indian herbs through
Cytochrome P450 inhibition assay
S. Ponnusankar, S. Pandit, A. Bandhopadhyay, P.K. Mukherjee
ISE3-O03 Cholinesterase inhibitory potential of Piper longum L.
Fruit alternative management of Alzheimer’s disease
Santanu Bhadra, N Satheesh Kumar, S. Saravanan, B.C.
Pal, A. Bandyopadhyay, P. K. Mukherjee
ISE3-P02 Biomedical properties of saffron (Crocus sativus L.)
consumption
C. Licón, M. Carmona, M.I. Berruga, G.L. Alonso
ISE3-P03 Quassia extract induces the expression of alphaenolase
N. Radic, N. Obermajer, R. Paskulin, B. Mirkovic, J.Kos, B.
Strukelj
ISE3-P04 Uighur remedies used for cardiovascular disease
prevention: From biodiversity to to evidence-based
phytomedicines
A. Umar, B. Berke, K. Abdukerim, C. Girardi, A. Yusup, O.
Félis, H. Upur, C. Chèze, N. Moore
ISE3-P05 Ginkgo biloba extracts are antagonists of insect
GABA receptors
I. McGonigle, S.C.R. Lummis
ISE3-P06 An ethno-pharmacological study of Egyptian Bedouin
women’s knowledge of medicinal plants
N. Hamed, V. Ferro, A. Gray
ISE3-O04 Scientific Monographs of Medicinal Plants of Mexico: Quality, Safety and Efficacy of Mexican Traditional Medicines
R. Mata, S. Cristians, A. Navarrete-Castro, P. Hersch-Martínez, R. Bye
ISE3-P07 Minimum inhibitory concentration of medicinal plants
used in Northern Peru as antibacterial remedies
R.W. Bussmann, G. Malca-García, A. Glenn, D. Sharon, G.
Chait, D. Díaz, K. Pourmand, B. Jonat, S. Somogy, G. Guardado, C. Aguirre, R. Chan, K. Meyer, A. Kuhlman, A. Townesmith, J. Effio-Carbajal, F. Frías-Fernandez, M. Benito
ISE3-O05 Piptadeniastrum africanum (Hook.f.) Brenan: isolation and characterization of saponins responsible for
the activity against the rice blast fungus Pyricularia
grisea
G. Brusotti, I. Cesari, A. Tava, M. Mella, G. Caccialanza
ISE3-P08 Antimalarials from Renaissance herbals: Identification of antiplasmodial dammaranes from Alisma
plantago-aquatica by HPLC based activity profiling
M. Adams, S. Gschwind, S. Zimmermann, R. Brun, M. Hamburger
ISE3-P09 The essential oil of Thymus zygis subsp. gracilis R.
Morales (Lamiaceae) in his limit of western distribution in the Iberian Peninsula
J. Blanco, T. Ruiz, F.M. Vázquez, M.J. Pérez-Alonso, M.A.
Cases
ISE3-P10 From traditional remedies to modern medicines –
phytochemical and pharmacological aspects of Figs:
a reverse pharmacology journey
S.C. Mandal
ISE3-P11 Medicinal properties of Opuntia stricta fruits
J.M. Obón, M.R. Castellar, M. Alacid, M.C. Díaz-García
ISE3-P12 Gastroprotective and anti-inflammatory activity of
carnosic acid derivatives
C. Theoduloz, J.A. Rodríguez, F. Monsalve, G. SchmedaHirschmann, C. Delporte, M. Rodríguez
ISE3-P13 Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used as spicy and aromatic Chinese medicinal material in hotpot
M. Wu M, Z.Z. Zhao, H.B. Chen
ISE3-P14 From the Araucaria araucana resin to new gastroprotective compounds by selective semisynthesis
G. Schmeda-Hirschmann, C.Theoduloz
ISE3-P15 Photodynamic inactivation of yeast and bacteria by extracts from Alternanthera brasiliana (Amaranthaceae)
N.L. Andreazza, C.C. de Lourenço, T.F. Lapinski, A. Gasparetto, S.R. Zamuner, S. Khouri, E. Munin, M.J. Salvador
ISE3-P16 Pharmacological properties of Anagallis arvensis and
Anagallis foemina traditionally used as wound healing remedies
V. López, A.K. Jäger, S. Akerreta, R.Y. Cavero, M.I. Calvo
ISE3-P17 Effect of jasmonic acids, yeast extract and salicylic
acid on tropan alkaloids production by Atropa belladonna L. transformed with the rolB gene
S.A. Eskandari, K. Piri, M. Kayhanfar, T. Hasanloo
ISE3-P18 Ethnopharmacological screening of South African
medicinal plants and HPLC based activity profiling for
antiprotozoal leads
Y. Hata, T. Julianti, T. Mokoka, N. Moodley, S. Zimmermann, M. Adams, R. Brun, M. Kaiser, M. Hamburger
ISE3-P19 Comparison of biochemical markers of stress responses in Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) from
three different Valencian habitats
O. Mayoral, M. Boscaiu, J.V. Llinares, P. Donat, I. Bautista,
A. Lidón, C. Lull, O. Vicente
ISE3-P20 Screening of cytotoxic and antimicrobial effects of
two American mistletoes
A.J. Alonso-Castro, M.R. Jacobo-Salcedo, L.A. GonzalezEspindola, R. González-Martínez, L.A. Salazar-Olivo, A.
García-Carrancá
ISE3-P21 Phytochemical and pharmacological investigation of
Cordia americana
F. Geller, B. Heinzmann, O. Werz, E. Flores, I. Merfort, S.
Laufer
ISE3-P22 Pharmacological evaluation of Artemisia vulgaris
G.M. Natividad, K.J. Broadley, E.J. Kidd, W.R. Ford, C. Simons
23
ISE3-P23 The effects of Lonicera caerulea berry consumption
on the antioxidative status of healthy human volunteers in a one week intervention study
J. Ulrichova, J. Heinrich, I. Palíková, V. Simanek
ISE3-P24 Chemical and anti-inflammatory effect of the methanol extract from Pimenta racemosa var. terebinthina
a Caribbean medicinal plant
M.T. Saenz, M.A. Fernández, A. Quilez, M.D. García
ISE3-P25 Uterotonic activity of plant species used for abortion
in Tanzania
F. Nielsen, T. Nikolajsen, V. Rasch, P. Hartvigsen, B.L. Sørensen, S.B. Christensen, A. K.Jäger
ISE3-P26 A family of Glucosyltransferases from Crocus sativus
stigmas
A. Trapero, Y. Valero, A. Rubio-Moraga, O. Aharazem, L.
Gómez-Gómez
ISE3-P27 Cloning and allergenic reactivity of two minor saffron
allergens rCro s 3.01 and rCro s 3.02
L. Gómez-Gómez, F. Feo-Brito, A. Rubio-Moraga, A. Trapero-Mozos, A. Prieto, O. Botella-Miralles, O. Ahrazem
ISE3-P28 Scientific publications on animal studies of Chinese
Herbal Medicines (CHM)
N. Tejedor, L. Garcia, G. Olmos, X. Dong, Z. Ye, R. Kumari, Q.
Xu, S. Watson, X. Cheng, P. Li, F. Lucio
ISE3-P29 Chemical constituents and antibacterial activity of
Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Labiatae)
M.D. García, M.A. Fernández, A. Quilez, R. Puerta, M.T.
Sáenz
ISE3-P30 In vitro antimicrobial activity and toxicological evaluation of a leaf ethanolic extract of Diospyros villosa
G. da Silva, J. Cirera, J. Rocha, R. Serrano, E.T. Gomes, B.
Sepodes, A. Duarte, O. Silva
ISE3-P31 Anti-inflammatory activity of four Baccharis species
E. Mata, M.J. Abad, L. Apaza, L.M. Bedoya, E. Gonzales,
P. Bermejo
ISE3-P32 New compound of Artemisia campestris subsp. glutinosa, as inhibitor of nitric oxide
L. Apaza, L.M. Bedoya, E. Fernandes, M.J. Abad, P. Bermejo
ISE3-P33 Potential antioxidants and tyrosinase inhibitors from
leaf extracts of Zanthoxylum spp.
Sung Jin Hwang, Sang Mi Han, Suk Cheon Pak
ISE3-P34 Antimicrobial activity of Panda oleosa Pierre stem
bark against oral microorganisms
G. Brusotti, I. Cesari, P. Grisoli, C. Dacarro, G. Caccialanza
ISE3-P35 Evaluation of the antiviral properties of Andes nutritional plants
L.M. Bedoya, L. Apaza, E. Mata, G. Rocabado, E. Gonzáles,
M.J. Abad, J. Alcami, P. Bermejo
ISE3-P36 Comparative study on monosaccharide compositions
between Astragalus polysaccharide and Hedysarum
polysaccharide by precolumn derivation HPLC
J. Liu, S.K. Yung, H.B Chen, ZZ Zhao, T. Yi
ISE3-P37 An integrated approach to ethnomedicinal research. A
case study with an Australian aboriginal community
J. Packer, J. Gaikwad, D. Harrington, S. Ranganathan, S.
Vemulpad, J. Jamie, Yaegl Community Elders
24
ISE3-P38 Benzophenones from the roots of the Popoluca Amerindian medicinal plant Securidaca diversifolia (L.)
S.F. Blake
L. Casu, M. Novella Solinas, A.R. Saba, F. Cottiglia, P. Caboni, C. Floris, S. Laconi, R. Pompei, M. Leonti
ISE3-P51 Plantas usadas na Etnoveterinária para o tratamento
de doenças parasitárias no município de Pocinhos,
Paraíba, Brasil.
M.V.A. Confessor, L.E.T. Mendonça, J.S. Mourão, R.R.N
Alves
ISE3-P39 Therapeutic properties of Indigo, alkaloids derived
from Indigofera truxillensis Kunth in classic models of
inflammation
R.J. Dunder, E.A.R. Socca, A. Luiz-Ferreira, L.P. Manzo, C.
Takayama, A.C.A. Almeida, F.M. De Faria, A.R.M. SouzaBrito.
ISE3-P52 The protective effects of propolis ethanol extract on as
pirin-induced hepatic inflammation and necrosis in rat
H.A. González-Ponce, M. Galván-Valencia, S.R. BullónAlcalá, S.M. Durán-Torres
ISE3-P40 Animal Models for Cancer Research in Traditional
Chinese Medicine
W. Yang, G. Li , L. Garcia, G. Olmos, F. Lucio, X. Cheng
ISE3-P41 Thai medicinal herbs for anti-inflammatories and anticancers
N. Siriwatanametanon, B.L. Fiebich, T. Efferth, M. Heinrich
ISE3-P42 Plants used to treat genito-urinary system disorders
in a rural community in the zona da Mata of Minas
Gerais, Brazil
C.W. Kffuri, F. Chechetto, L.C. Ming
ISE3-P43 Proteínas do látex de Calotropis procera modulam a
resposta inflamatória na sepse induzida por Salmonella typhimurium em camundongos
R.S.B. Oliveira, I.S.T. Figueiredo, R.S.P. Pinheiro, L.B.N. Freitas, E.S. Araújo, G.A.C. Brito, J.V. Lima-Filho, M.V. Ramos,
N.M.N. Alencar
ISE3-P44 Fraction from Calotropis procera latex shows antiinflammatory and protective effects in models of gastric ulcer and intestinal mucositis in mice.
N.M.N. Alencar, M.V. Ramos, C.B.H. Osorio, F.S. Bitencourt,
V.L. Kumar, R.C.P. Lima-Junior, J.P. Figueiredo, P.B. Luz, S.A.
Melo, R.A. Ribeiro
ISE3-P45 Estandarización de un extracto, con actividad antimalárica, de Abuta grandifolia (Mart.) Sandw. (Menispermaceae): Fase I
Y. Hata, P. Luengas, L. Arteaga, R. Pinzón, P. Palacios, L.F.
Ospina
ISE3-P46 Skin protection and skin whitening effects of flowers
of Prunus persica var. davidiana
S.C. Shin, M.Y. Kim, D.U. Lee
ISE3-P47 Evaluation of the action mechanism of anxiolytic-like
effect of essential oil (EO) from Citrus aurantium L.
C.A.R.A. Costa, M. Costa
ISE3-P48 In vitro cytotoxic activity of two Euphorbia species
from Spain
N. Acero, D. Muñoz-Mingarro
ISE3-P49 Actividad anti-inflamatoria de fracciones químicas
aisladas de extractos de Byrsonima crassifolia y Vismia cayennensis
M. García, K. Marin, F. Michelangeli, M.C. Ruiz, A. Quintero, E. Villamizar, P. Taylor
ISE3-P50 Analgesic effect of propolis extract from Zacatecas
Mexico: a semi-arid region
M. Galván-Valencia, B.L. García-Macías, G.P. HernándezDelgadillo, S. Durón-Torres
ISE3-P53 Effect of Cydonia oblonga on experimental thrombosis in rats
A. Umar, U. Lanbayer, W. Zhou, S. Tian, I. Tohti, M. Happar,
G. Toulax, B. Berka, N. Moore
ISE3-P54 Antidiabetic activity from the infusions of the leaves
of Hintonia latiflora
S. Cristians, R. Mata, R. Bye
ISE3-P55 Antimicrobial activity and Chemical composition of
the essential oil of Hofmeisteria schaffneri
A. Pérez-Vásquez, S. Capella, E. Linares, R. Bye, G. Angeles-López, R. Mata
ISE3-P56 Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of Sambucus nigra extract on TNBS-induced colitis model
E.A.R. Socca, A. Luiz-Ferreira, F.M. de-Faria, A.C.A. Almeida, R.J. Dunder, C. Takayama, M.S. da-Silva, A.R.M.
Souza-Brito
ISE3-P57 Traditional Cree medicines modulate steatosis and
antioxidant activity, but not insulin sensitivity in fatladen H4IIE liver cells
A. Afshar, P.L. Owen, L. Martineau, T. Johns, J.T. Arnason,
P.S. Haddad
ISE3-P58 In vitro biological activities of plant extracts from
several genera used in Puerto Rico as adjuvants for
diabetes
C. Cordero-Goad, W. Figueroa-Cuilan, J. Gavillán-Suárez,
C. Luciano-Montalvo, M. Martínez Montemayor, L. Otero,
M.C. Quiñones, M. Ramírez-Vicéns, J.E. Roque, L. Santiago-Capeles, Y. Rivera
ISE3-P59 Antihyperglycemic activity of Allium elburzense Wendelbo bulbs on normal and streptozotocin-induced
diabetic rats
B. Zolfaghari, M. Minaeian, Y. Shokoohinia, P. Ramezanloo,
A. Sadeghi, M. Mahmudzadeh
ISE3-P60 Resin of Pinaceae: natural synthon pharmacological
action on the central nervous system
L. Carballo Y. Arteagar, J. Tacoronte, Y. Betancourt
ISE3-P61 Ethnobotany and phytochemistry in a national park of
Cuba
L Carballo, Y. Rodríguez, Y. Arteaga, M.L. Cadme
ISE3-P62 Control of tropical diseases transmitted by mollusks
from cuban Pinaceae resins
Y. Arteaga, L Carballo, J. Tacoronte,Y. Betancourt
ISE3-P63 Assessment of ghee mixture and Prosopis farcta
powder efficacy in dermal wound healing process
N. Mahdavi Shahri, J. Khayatzadeh, M. Nakhaee Moghadam, Z. Shahi
ISE3-P64 Immune regulation effects of Abnormal Savda Munziq granules on mice
A. Yusup, G. Imam, N. Rozi, A. Aikemu, B. Berke, N. Moore,
H. Upur
ISE3-P65 Quality control of Verbascum thapsus L. product in
the market
M.T. Barquero, J. Güemes, I. Martínez-Solís, P. Soriano
Guarinos
25
ISE5-P03 History, custom and the use of medicinal insects.
Blister beetles from the Mediterranean World to
Americas
E. Motte-Florac
ISE-6 156
ISE6-O01 Mazatecs ethnopharmacy 70 years after Schultes: an
historical comparison
P. Giovannini, M. Heinrich
ISE3-P66 Essential oils of Salvia blancoana ssp. mariolensis
and S. microphylla: two taxa from the north of Alicante (Spain) used in traditional herbal liquors
V. Martínez-Francés, R. Vila, S. Ríos, J. Juan, S. Cañigueral
ISE6-P01 Presencia y distribución de polifenoles en la frutilla
chilena (Fragaria chiloensis ssp. chiloensis): un estudio mediante HPLC-DAD y HPLC-MS/MS
G. Schmeda-Hirschmann, M.J. Simirgiotis, J. Cheel
ISE3-P67 Epicatechin stimulates gastric mucus production and
protects the stomach against ethanol and indomethacin.
A. Tanimoto, A.L. Rozza, B.B. Gregorio, T.M. Moraes, H.
Kushima, C.A. Hiruma-Lima, C.H. Pellizzon
ISE6-P02 A feast of yellow: Notes on safflower use in Alentejo
(Portugal)
H. Sapeta, A.S. Dias
ISE3-P68 The biologically active substances of Barbarea vulgaris R. Br.
M. Marenich
ISE3-P69 Ethnopharmacology of ethnic Kichwa and Shuar in
the Ecuadorian Amazon
M. Alessandrini Díaz, M. Lorena Cadme, Y. Betancourt Figueras, M. Torres Morocho, P. Aragón
ISE-5
151
ISE5-O01 German Renaissance herbals from a pharmacological perspective
M. Adams, M. Kessler, M. Klugea, M. Hamburger
ISE5-O02 Prevalence of Materia Medica in European medicine
along the last third of nineteenth century: the French
case
J.L. Fresquet-Febrer, C.P. Aguirre-Marco
ISE5-O03 Western herbal practice in Australia and the US:
medicinal plants, colonisation and the transfer of
knowledge
S. Evans
ISE5-O04 Cannabis spp. and Ethnopharmacology: historical
and anthropological perspectives on plants, consciousness and healing
A. Waldstein
ISE5-O05 Five centuries in the Spanish Ethnobotany: from Laguna to Font Quer
R. Morales, M. Pardo de Santayana, J. Tardío
ISE5-O06 Observations on Ethnobotany as a support for archaeobotanical reconstructions: Citrullus colocynthis (L) Schrader, use in Saharan Areas
I. Massamba N’siala, A.M. Mercuri, S. Biagetti
ISE5-P01 Using traditional pesticides by iranian and moslem
physicians in Cambat against harmful animals
Nasser Mahdavi Shahri, Baharara J.
ISE5-P02 Migration, nutrition and aging across the life-course
of Bangladeshi families: Exploring food and medicinal uses of plants across transnational and generational landscapes
H. Jennings
ISE6-P03 Brain acetylcholinesterase inhibition by Plectranthus
barbatus herbal tea
P.L. Falé, L. Ascensão, M.L. Serralheiro
ISE6-P04 Enrichment study of virgin olive oil with antioxidants
phenolic acid from natural food plants.
J.J. Berzas Nevado, V. Rodriguez Robledo, C. SánchezCarnerero Callado
ISE6-P05 Nutritional and nutraceutical composition of two
Lamiaceae traditionally used in Portugal as spices,
flavours or medicines
A.S.F. Fernandes, L. Barros, A.M. Carvalho, I.C.F.R. Ferreira
ISE6-P06 Ethnobotany and foraging behaviour: a new approach for an emerging problem. Lactuca alpina (L.) A.
Gray and unrelated toxic plants consumed as food
M.L. Colombo, S.Perego, C. Vender, F. Davanzo
ISE6-P07 Plants Used as Food and Medicine by Polish Immigrants in Misiones, Argentina
M. Kujawska
ISE6-P08 Wild Food Plants used by the Walser ethnic minority
in the Alps
D. Rivera, C. Obón, F. Alcaraz
WORKSHOPS (W)
161
W1
163
W1-01
W2
Ethnobiology and ethnopharmacology: challenges for
junior researchers
S. Cristians
163
W2-01
Use of ethnobotanical results in outreach and education: from community workshops to curriculum development and cultural sensitivity training
I. Vandebroek
W2-02
Missouri Botanical Garden: partnership and capacity
building in ethnobotanical research in Northern Peru
R.W. Bussmann
W2-03
School kids as Ethnobotanists - Knowledge transmission in the Biosphere Reserve Großes Walsertal
(Austria)
S. Grasser, C. Schunko, C.R. Vogl
26
W2-04
W2-05
Sharing traditional ethnobotanical knowledge: some
experiences in Madrid Sierra Norte, Asturias, and the
Catalan Pyrenees
L. Aceituno-Mata, S. Vila, L. Calvet-Mir, M. Pardo-de-Santayana, J. Tardío, T. Garnatje, J.J. Lastra, M. Parada, M.
Rigat J. Vallès , V. Reyes-García
Ethnobotanical knowledge and its possible applications: different solutions to make people aware of its
importance in an UNESCO World Heritage Site
V. Savo, G. Caneva
W2-06
Adaptation of Ethnobotany to the Educative curricula
in Castilla-La Mancha (Spain)
A. Verde, J. Fajardo, D. Rivera, A, Valdés, C. Obón
W2-07
The Open Science Network and New Developments
for Ethnopharmacology Education
W. McClatchey, P. Harrison, S.A. Vougioukalou
W2-08
Linking communities and universities: the online Cook
Islands Biodiversity and Ethnobiological Collaborative
S.A. Vougioukalou, M. Fischer, G. McCormack, W. McClatchey
W2-09
Intercultural community healthcare workshops and
cultural sensitivity training in medical schools: examples from Bolivia and New York City
I. Vandebroek, M.J. Balick
W3
168
W5
W5-01
W6
Continuum between ritual and medicinal plant uses
C. Weckerle
W6-02
Plants in the Polish church calendar and their apotropaic and medicinal functions
L. Luczaj
W6-03
Continuum of medicinal and ritual plant uses in the
eastern Himalayas
C. Weckerle
W6-04
Meaning and medicinal plants: how the meaning of
plants influences their effectiveness in human populations
D.E. Moerman, W.E. Stirton
W6-05
Masterwort and palm fronds – examples of plant burning in alpine regions of Austria and Switzerland
A. Poncet, S. Grasser, C. Weckerle
W6-06
Ritual Healing and the use of Plant Substances in
Western Kenya
F. Okwaro
W6-07
A continuum between pharmacognosy and ritual use
in medicinal plants in mother roasting and steam sauna in tropical Asia and the Pacific: meta-analysis of
100 studies
H.J. de Boer
Ongoing study on incense and ritual plant use by the
Bai people in Shaxi, China
P. Staub, C. Weckerle
Commercialization of bioactive compounds or extracts from plants
K. Eloff
W3-02
Ethnobotanical, historical and commercial perspectives on natural product development in South Africa
B.E. Van Wyk
W6-08
W3-03
The road to developing commercially useful products
from plant secondary compounds
J.N. Eloff
W7
Combining modern Sciences with Ancient Knowledge: New products from medicinal plants
V.J. Maharaj
W4
173
W6-01
W3-01
W3-04
172
How to write and submit a world class paper
R. Verpoorte
177
W7-01
East meets West– From Traditional Chinese Medicine
to Modern Phytomedicines
De-An Guo, M. Heinrich
W7-02
Anti-oxidant and anti-fatigue and immune modulations of mixture of Ganoderma lucidum, American
Ginseng and Fermentation Cordyceps in rats and
mice
Aiping Lu, Xiaojuan He
170
W4-01
Herbal medicines, Systems Biology and Synergy
L. Williamson,
W4-02
A place for natural products in the multi-targeted
approach to cancer therapy
P. Taylor
W7-03
Learning History to Develop Traditional Chinese Medicine
Wei-Dong Zhang
W4-03
Assessing the interaction risks of medicinal plants
extract using a metabolomic approach
M. Heinrich, M. Modarai
W7-04
Aconitum in Traditional Chinese Medicine. A valuable
drug or an unpredictable risk?
B. Kopp
W4-04
Ethnopharmacology and Systems biology: a perfect
holistic match
R. Verpoorte
W7-05
W4-05
Synergy in herbal medicines
E.M. Williamson
Authentication of plants used in medicines, especially traditional Chinese medicine: challenges and opportunities
M.S.J. Simmonds, C. Leon, M.J. Howes, A. Paton, R. Allkin,
G.C. Kite, E. Porter
W8
179
27
W8-05
Recuperación, sensibilización y fomento del uso de
las plantas medicinales tradicionales en la ciudad de
Bukavu (R. D. del Congo)
J. García Botía
Entre red temática caribeña y ONG internacional:
TRAMIL, para identificar, validar, difundir usos populares de plantas medicinales en relación a la APS
L. Germosén-Robineau, I. Boulogne
W8-06
Phytosalus (salud por las plantas)
C. Fernández de la Pradilla
W8-07
Jardins du monde
J.P. Nicolas
W8-03
El papel asociativo en la divulgación de la Etnobiología en el ámbito universitario
J.P. Marín, E. Carreño, S. Rams, I. Navarro, P. Martínez, G.
Carrillo
W8-08
Traditional Medicine in the Tibet and "Jardins du
Monde Montagnes"
A. Mercan
W8-04
El papel de una ONG en la conservación de la biodiversidad agropecuaria
J. Sánchez Balibrea, P. García Moreno, J.F. Martínez Pérez,
J.M. Catarineu, P. López Barquero, C. Martínez Saura
W8-09
La Sociedad Española de Fitoterapia y el uso de los
preparados a base de plantas medicinales
S. Cañigueral, B. Vanaclocha
W8-01
Las ONGs y la Etnobiología, Etnobotánica y Etnofarmacología
D. Rivera, S. Cañigueral
W8-02
KN
Keynote speakers
Conferencias de apertura y clausura
Conferências de abertura e de encerramento
31
KN-01Ethnopharmacology and biodiversity conservation: towards a sustainable future for indigenous peoples
V.H. Heywood
Centre for Plant Diversity & Systematics, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AS, UK
Objectives: This paper examines how humans are dependent on biodiversity for health and nutrition, especially in the case of
indigenous communities whose reliance on plants for traditional medicines, food, fuel and fibre makes them especially vulnerable
to environmental change and which continue to suffer discrimination, marginalization, extreme poverty and conflict (1).
Methods: Ethnopharmacology, biodiversity and agriculture are in effect inextricably linked and the interactions between them
are examined in the context of: (a) changes in the way in which Ethnopharmacology is currently perceived, (b) major advances in
understanding and use of traditional medicines and adoption of safety standards (c) changes in approaches to biodiversity conservation, (d) a recognition of the key role of local communities in managing biodiversity, (e) a convergence of interest between the
agrobiodiversity and conservation sectors, (f) an increased appreciation of the need to adopt a wider approach to human nutrition
than conventional agricultural model allows, (g) an increased recognition of intellectual property rights, access to resources and
benefit sharing, (h) the impact of global changes and in particular accelerated climate change on biodiversity, food production and
human health, which is forcing the development of a new conservation dynamic.
Results and conclusions: These all interact to produce what Nina Etkin termed "dynamic tension" (2) that will invigorate Ethno
pharmacology and require a much broader perspective and understanding of what is happening to indigenous communities, their
local biodiversity, their health and nutritional requirements and the options available for their conservation and sustainable use.
Keywords: Ethnopharmacology, biodiversity, agriculture, human nutrition.
References: 1. Sha Zukang, Foreword to The State of the World’s Indigenous Peoples, United Nations, New York (2009). 2. Etkin, N.L. &
Elisabetsky, E. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2005, 100:23–26.
KN-02TCM in the "West": Benefits or Bane from an ethnopharmacological perspective
R. Bauer
TCM Research Center Graz, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria.
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has thousands of years of experience in China and is based on a specific theory with a holistic
approach for disease and health management. In recent years, TCM has more and more been practised in the Western world, and
"globalization of TCM" has become an important issue. Chinese medicine can certainly be considered as a treasure trove, which
can complement Western medicine, especially in prevention and the treatment of chronic diseases. However, it has to be brought
in line with Western health care and drug regulations.
Herbal medicinal products have to fulfil state of the art quality standards, in order to guarantee their safe and reliable application
(1)
. Processing of herbs (phaozhi) is an important feature, and needs to be studied in order to elucidate its relevance and to specify
the quality of processed herbs. The relevant therapeutically active constituents of herbs need to be identified. During this process,
many interesting drug leads have been found, like artemisinine, camptothecin, or huperzin. However, the special effect of Chinese
medicine is based on the application of extracts and mixtures of herbs. Therefore, the synergistic effects of components need to
be studied. Systems biology is the best suited approach, since it allows the broadest analysis of the metabolic status of a patient
for diagnosis and the effects of treatments (2). Systems biology may also be the tool to translate classical Chinese medical theory
into Western physiology and pharmacology. Therefore, TCM should not be considered as a bane, but as a chance to develop our
knowledge on prevention and treatment of diseases further.
Keywords: TCM, Chinese medicine, systems biology, quality control.
References: 1. Pferschy-Wenzig, E.-M., Bauer, R. Quality control of Chinese herbal drugs. In: P. Houghton, P.K. Mukherjee (Eds.) Pharmaceutical Press, London 2009. 2. Ma, T. et al. Mol Biosyst. 2010 6(4): 613-9.
PL
Plenary Lectures
Conferencias plenarias
Conferências plenárias
35
PL-01Etnobotánica hispana vista desde América: coincidencias y diferencias
R. Bye, E. Linares
Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 70-614, 04511 México, D.F., MEXICO
El campo de la Etnobotánica abarca el estudio de las interacciones y las relaciones entre las plantas y los hombres a lo largo del
tiempo y en diferentes espacios. Con base en una selección de publicaciones etnobotánicas realizadas durante los últimos 20 años
por españoles (J. Alcina, D. Rivera, E. Hernández-Bermejo, J.R. Vallejo y E. García, entre otros), reconocemos los diversos enfoques
y los temas principales a lo largo de este período en: 1) métodos de identificación para material botánico obtenido en mercados, 2)
empleo de fuentes documentales diversas (descripciones de viajeros, obras de arte, escritos literarios, obras históricas, fondos documentales, catastros y restos arqueológicos, entre otros), 3) catálogos de especies útiles, 4) análisis de los elementos botánicos
de la dieta, y 5) colaboraciones con otras disciplinas (p. ej., Fitoquímica, Farmacología y Educación Ambiental).
Analizando las coincidencias y diferencias con nuestros estudios, hemos abordado aspectos similares y compartimos preocupaciones sobre la conservación de los saberes y los problemas que enfrentan las especies ante una inminente adecuación cultural,
deterioro ambiental y cambio climático, en una época de globalización. Discutimos las diferencias dentro los contextos históricos,
culturales y biológicos de México.
Palabras clave: Etnobotánica, plantas útiles, España, México.
PL-02The relevance of traditional ecological knowledge in Ethnopharmacology. Theoretical and metho
dological contributions.
V. Reyes-García
ICREA and ICTA-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, [email protected]
Background: Culture patterns human behaviour and -through it- affects human health. In traditional societies, an essential
function of culture has been to establish and transmit a body of knowledge, practices, and believes regarding the use of locally
available natural resources to improve health and nutritional status. This body of medicinal –and nutritional- knowledge, developed through an intricate relation of a cultural group with its environment, does not consist of isolated pieces of information, but
rather it constitutes a piece of knowledge linked to a larger coherent ensemble. Thus, ethnopharmacological uses of plants, animals, and minerals are better understood if studied as a domain of knowledge embedded in the large body of cultural knowledge,
practices, and believes (i.e., rituals) of a group.
Objectives: In this paper, I review the theoretical and methodological contributions of research on traditional ecological knowledge to Ethnopharmacology.
Methods: The paper is based on the Ethnopharmacology literature dealing with traditional ecological knowledge.
Results and conclusions: Main theoretical contributions discussed include 1) theories about the relation between ethnopharmacological cultural knowledge, practices and believes, 2) theories about the unequal distribution of cultural knowledge affecting
the distribution of pharmacological knowledge in a group, and 3) theories about the social relations that enable the use of ethnopharmacological knowledge. The discussion on methodological contributions of research on traditional ecological knowledge to
Ethnopharmacology includes the use of i) qualitative methods to contextualize research, ii) methods to retrieve local classification
systems (including botanical classification or local concepts of disease), and iii) methods derived from Cultural Consensus theory.
Keywords: Cultural knowledge, consensus analysis, traditional ecological knowledge, review.
36
PL-03Archaeological evidence of the medicinal use of plants
R. Buxó
Museu d’Arqueologia de Catalunya, Girona, Spain
When ailments and sickness struck ancient human communities, they no doubt attempted to control them using the different resources offered by nature. More than a third of the plant species we identify in archaeological contexts have medicinal properties.
The best edible wild vegetables are almost certainly what we consider to be "weeds" today. They have coexisted with farmers
for thousands of years and invade their fields as soon as they turn their backs. That is why we find them surrounding inhabited
areas and fields, alongside roads and paths, on barren land, etc. Many of these robust plants, which have extraordinary vitality
and are endowed with highly efficient methods of dispersion, have been harvested or cultivated both for their nutritional qualities
and their medicinal properties. On the other hand, a strong tradition of taking psychoactive substances survives among a large
number of primitive peoples. For them, this practice plays a transcendental role in their culture and religious beliefs and there
are ethnohistoric references that allude to similar phenomena among already extinct civilizations. These psychoactive substances
come mainly from the vegetable kingdom and ingesting them allows spiritual help to be called on to establish a diagnosis and
treatment during healing sessions.
Using the results of archaeobotanical studies, we analyze the presence of different species with medicinal-type virtues. On this
basis we can infer, with certain reservations, some aspects of the pharmacopoeia of the period. A large number of these species,
which are well known to modern man, were used in the past to treat or heal the aliments suffered by ancient peoples.
PL-04Impact of historical texts on today’s medicinal plant knowledge in the Mediterranean
M. Leonti a, S. Cabras b, C.S. Weckerle c, M Novella Solinas a, L. Casu a
Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università di Cagliari, Facoltà di Farmacia, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari (CA), Italy.
b
Dipartimento di Matematica e Informatica Università di Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari (CA), Italy.
c
Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zürich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zürich, Switzerland.
a
Background: Plant use has been the subject of many codices, documents and books and still is the subject of many scientific
articles, trivial books and brochures. These texts, both historical and recent, exert a strong influence on local plant use.
Objectives and Methods: With a statistical analysis, suitable for non-experimental settings, we tested the hypothesis of a
causal effect of historical texts upon contemporary medicinal plant use in southern Italy.
Results and conclusions: Quantitative approaches are as essential for the understanding of the evolution of plant use as they
are for the understanding of present plant use. Present plant use is not only conditioned by historical texts but to what extent
autochthonous orally transmitted knowledge, new adaptations and accidental discoveries are involved is difficult to assess. Considering the long-lasting effect of historical texts, more recent books, brochures, newspapers and commercials very likely also
exert an influence.
Keywords: Statistical methods; De Materia Medica; History; Knowledge transmission; Pharmacognosy; Ethnobotany.
37
PL-05Changing scenario for promotion and development of Ayurveda in ISM – way forward
P. K. Mukherjee
FRSC Director, School of Natural Product Studies, Dept. of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
The Indian subcontinent, with the history of one of the oldest civilization owns various traditional alternative and complementary
medicines. Ayurveda, with a history that goes back to 5000 B.C., is one of the ancient health care systems besides, there are
Siddha, Unani, Homeopathy, Yoga and Naturopathy which are being practiced for years together.
Development of these traditional systems of medicines with the perspectives on safety, efficacy and quality not only safeguard this
traditional heritage, but also help to rationalize the use of natural products in health care for the society at large. Integrated approaches for development of Ayurveda and other Indian system of medicine (ISM) may assist in developing therapeutic leads and can
help in improved understanding on their mechanism of action, modified compositions at molecular level and better understanding
of interactions among various molecules for their synergy or adverse reaction.
Scientific validation of all the parameters on ISM is a very vital step towards safer herbal medicine so much so to strengthen their
uses in health care. For assuring the therapeutic efficacy, safety and to rationalize their use in the health care several initiatives
has been taken. The development of ISM including Ayurveda and other traditional Indian systems of medicine will help to tap
traditional ethnopharmacological knowledge for development of therapeutically potential leads.
The assessment and evaluation of herbal drugs, in what ever form it is being documented; the objectives to be met are generally
stated in terms of what is to be achieved in several areas of manufacture and quality control including cultivation and collection
and their evaluation in every way for their safety and efficacy. The discussion will focus on:
- Various facets of ISM and Ayurvedic drugs.
- Development of ISM and Ayurvedic drugs.
- Initiatives for their assessment and evaluation.
- Regulations in relevance to ISM and Ayurvedic drug development.
- Scientific validation for their quality, safety and efficacy.
- Limitations and challenges for their development.
PL-06The Tree of Life: An ecological continuum of food, medicine, and poison
W. McClatchey
Botanical Research Institute of Texas, Fort Worth, Texas, USA; [email protected]
We only tap into part of the diversity of life. What is the fraction of different sorts of organisms that are useful to us as foods,
medicines or are poisonous to us? If mapped onto the tree of life it is clear that there is are "sweet-spots" for each of these based
on factors including: genetic distance, ecological position and inherent dietary flexibility of our own species. This presentation
provides an overview of the continuum of food, medicine and poisons and proposes some hypotheses from a evolutionary botanical
perspective.
38
PL-07Ethnic medicines in China – a look beyond TCM
C. Weckerle
Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zürich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zürich, Switzerland. [email protected]
China is divers, not only regarding its landscapes and cultures but also regarding its medical systems. What is mainly known in
the West is the so-called Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). However, beside TCM, there exist other officially recognized "Ethnomedicines" such as the Tibetan or the Mongolian medical system, as well as a variety of locally practiced systems among the
diverse ethnic groups. Especially China’s Southwest, which is well-known for its biocultural diversity, harbors a high diversity of
medical traditions. On the basis of several case studies from this region, the present paper analyses the mutual influence between
these local practices and knowledge and the TCM. It also investigates recent developments and changes among local knowledge
systems and argues, that not only a knowledge transfer between the ethnic groups can be observed, but also a mutual influence
between local and institutionalized systems in the past and present.
PL-08
Heritage, Medicinal Material resources and our efforts
Z. Zhao
School of Chines Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University.
China has one of the longest histories of using Ethnomedicine and some of the most abundant medicinal material resources of any
country on the planet. Its time-honored medical system has been continuously making great contributions to the health of people
at home and abroad. The use of Ethnomedicine (traditional Chinese medicine, or TCM) in China began more than 3000 years ago.
Books that record the sources and applications of medicinal materials are commonly known as Ben Cao (Materia Medica). There
are over 400 such books from all the past dynasties of China. These various Ben Cao document ancient people’s experience and
represent centuries of accumulated wisdom in combating disease and preserving health. Representatives of this rich heritage
are introduced here. China has a vast territory, with diverse landforms, mountain ranges, and climates. Thus, China has abundant
ethnomedicinal resources. According to the statistics, over 11,000 botanical species, nearly 1600 zoological species and 80 mineral
substances are used medicinally in China. The general information on Chinese medicinal material resources is briefly introduced
here. In the past decade, our research team at Hong Kong Baptist University has been conducting field investigations and laboratory work related to Chinese medicinal resources. As a result, we have achieved the following: 1) Academic books and papers
(regarding Chinese medicinal material resources, macro-/microscopic identification and quality evaluation of Chinese medicinal
materials, microscopic identification of proprietary TCM products, Chinese herbology and formula, medicated diet, and medicinal
material processing) have been published. Macro-/microscopic identification of some Western herbs have been included in 20092010 USP Dietary Supplements Compendium. Using these publications and results from our ongoing research activities, we intend
to establish a database of ethnomedicinal materials that will be available on the internet, worldwide, in the near future. 2) In 2001,
The Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region assigned the task of setting up Hong Kong Chinese Materia Medica
(HKCMM) Standards. The HKCMM Standards project is going smoothly with the international collaboration. The standards of 61
CMM covered in phase III to II have been issued. And 36 CMM standards for phase IV research work will be finished at the end of
2010. Building upon the proven result, the Department of Health has planned to further develop the standards of another 104 CMM
in mid 2010 (Phase V). 3) The Bank of China (HK) Chinese Medicines Center has been established. The Centre displays over 3000
voucher specimens of ethnomedicines (mainly Chinese medicinal materials) from all corners of the world. (4) An authentication
center for Chinese medicinal materials has been established at Hong Kong Baptist University. This authentication center has been
playing an important role in guaranteeing the effectiveness and safety of ethnomedicines including, but not restricted to, TCM.
In-depth international collaboration is needed to further explore Ethnomedicine related culture heritage and medicinal material
resources in the world.
39
PL-09Exchanges between Brazilian native cultures and Portuguese traditional medicine – an ethnopharmacological perspective
E. Elisabetsky a, I. Manzali de Sá b
a
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Sarmento Leite 500/211, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
b
Museu Nacional/UFRJ, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, 20940-040 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Folk medicine in Brazil is often described as the rich mixture of African (mostly Yorubá), European (mainly Portuguese) and Amerindian medical traditions. Nevertheless, given the complex exchange at place in colonial times, and the mosaic of influences
such as the Islamic in Portuguese and Yorubá traditions, this may be a somewhat simplified view. A closer observation on such
exchanges has implications for interpreting Ethnopharmacology surveys. Medicinal plants documented by European naturalists in
contact with Amerindian indigenous groups, such as ipeca – Igpecacoaya (Cephaelis ipecacuanha), became influential in European
medical practices, as found at the 1876 edition of the Pharmacopêa Portugueza (1); several were eventually re-introduced in Brazil
as European knowledge. Ethnobotanical surveys can actually reveal distinct contact zones where biological and cultural exchange
took place between Portugal and its colonies (2). Interestingly, even species used in the European herbalism in a magic-therapeutic
context, such as Ruta graveolens (Western Europe) and Zingiber officinalis (India), can now be found in nearly all of the cultures
merged into what is understood as the Brazilian traditional medicine (3). The intricate routes of Brazilian popular medicine will be
illustrated.
Acknowledgments: CNPq.
References: 1. Pharmacopêa Portugueza. Lisboa:Imprensa Nacional,1876. 2. Pratt, ML. Imperial Eyes: Travel Writing and Transculturation. London:Routledge,1992. 3. Marquesini, NR. 1995. Plantas usadas como medicinais pelos índios do Sul do Brasil (Guarani, Kaingang,
Xowleng, Ava-Guarani, Kraô e Cayuá), Ms UFPr; Ming, LC.
PL-10The future of local and traditional medicines in southern Africa
J. Van Staden, G.I. Stafford
Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
Background: South Africa is a country with both rich floral biodiversity and cultural diversity. Herbal traditional medicines (TM)
form an important part of the healthcare of most South Africans, with an estimated 27 million users who rely on mostly wild
harvested indigenous plant materials.
Objectives: This paper will explore the past and future of TM in southern Africa, highlighting the challenges faced when researching medicines on the African continent.
Methods: This will include a brief historical account of early attempts by Europeans to document the oral medicinal knowledge
of the indigenous peoples and some examples of the current influences and pressures, such as the reduced availability of certain
species, which are changing this dynamic body of knowledge. The quality and quantity of ethnopharmacological research emanating from Africa will be used to illustrate desperate need for a common research framework in which the numerous research groups
working on African TM can be harnessed to ensure the development of this important healthcare system. South Africa is in the
process of developing legislation which will facilitate this much needed development and assist in regulating traditional medicine
in the future. Countries with a long history of research and development in this area, such as China, will be examined as a potential
guide as to how southern Africa can best proceed.
Results and conclusions: Key to the development of African TM is to determine the areas in most need of attention with the
greatest impact on the users of this health system. International collaboration and a multidisciplinary approach will be crucial if
this process it to be a success.
Keywords: Traditional medicine, southern Africa, biodiversity, conservation.
Acknowledgments: National Research Foundation (South Africa), UKZN Postdoctoral Fellowship.
41
EHPE
1er Encuentro Hispano-Portugués de Etnobiología (EHPE 2010):
Los desafios de la Etnobiología en España y Portugal
1 Encontro Hispano-Português de Etnobiologia (EHPE 2010):
E1. Etnobotánica, Etnozoología y Etnofarmacología en España y Portugal (Península y Archipiélagos).
Inventario y conservación
Etnobotânica, Etnozoologia e Etnofarmacologia em Espanha e Portugal (Península e Ilhas). Inventário e conservação
E2. Arqueobotánica, Arqueozoología y Paleoetnobotánica en España y Portugal (Península y Archipiélagos)
Arqueobotânica, Arqueozoologia e Paleoetnobotânica em Espanha e Portugal (Península e Ilhas)
E3. Etnobotánica y Etnofarmacología en Al-Ándalus
Etnobotânica e Etnofarmacologia no Al-Andalus
E4. La Etnobotánica y la Etnofarmacología en los Países Africanos de Lengua Oficial Portuguesa (PALOP)
A Etnobotânica e Etnofarmacologia no Países Africanos de Língua Oficial Portuguesa (PALOP)
E5. Nuevas perspectivas para la Etnofarmacología en España y Portugal: la cooperación entre Etnobotánica y Antropología médica
Novas perspectivas para a Etnofarmacologia em Espanha e Portugal: a cooperação entre Etnobotânica e Antropologia médica
E6. La Etnofarmacología en los documentos históricos españoles, portugueses y americanos
A Etnofarmacologia nos documentos históricos espanhóis, portugueses e americanos
E7. Los paisajes culturales: paisajes agroganaderos
As paisagens culturais: paisagens agropecuárias
E8. La Fitonimia y Toponimia como reflejo etnoecológico de la cultura popular en torno a las plantas y
sus comunidades.
A Fitonimia e Toponímia como reflexo etnoecológico da cultura popular em torno das plantas e
comunidades vegetais
43
E1-O01El Fuego en los usos tradicionales de la flora de la Serra do Açor (Portugal)
J. Argüello Van de Putte
Investigador libre. Avenida Presidente Carmona 6 - 2º Izq. 28020 Madrid, España.
Antecedentes: En la última decada varios estudios etnobotánicos han sido realizados en diferentes áreas de Portugal entre los
que destacamos los de Camejo Rodrigues (1), Carvalho (2), Mendoça de Carvalho (3) y Neves et al (4).
Objetivos: Este trabajo muestra los usos tradicionales de la vegetación relacionados con el fuego recogidos en el años 2003 por el
autor en la "Serra do Açor" (Portugal), comparándolos con usos similares recogidos en algunos estudios etnobotánicos realizados
en Portugal y resto de la Península Ibérica.
Métodos: El estudio se basó en entrevistas etnobotánicas (semi-estructuradas y abiertas) realizadas a 30 personas, seleccionadas
por sus conocimientos de la vegetación, de entre 60 y 84 años de edad de 12 aldeas de la región. Se identificaron y recogieron
muestras de las especies vegetales mencionadas.
Resultados y conclusiones: Se obtuvo información sobre 28 taxones y 41 usos relacionados con el fuego: combustibles (8),elabo
ración de carbón (6), higiénicos (7), agrícolas y ganaderos (6), de iluminación (1), medicinales (2), fumables (1), tradicionales (4) y
supersticiosos (5).
Palabras clave: Etnobotánica, fuego, usos tradicionales, Serra do Açor, Portugal.
Agradecimientos: Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Universidade de Coimbra, Dr Manuel Pardo de Santayana, Dr Jorge Paiva, Dr Antonio
Xavier Pereira Countinho, Dra Silvia Neves y Dr Helios Sainz.
Referencias: 1. Camejo Rodrigues, J.S. et al. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2003; 89: 199-209. 2. Carvalho, A.M. Etnobotánica del Parque
Natural de Montesinho. Madrid: UAM, 2005. 3. Mendoça de Carvalho, L.M. Estudos de Etnobotânica e Botânica Economica no Alentejo.
Coimbra, Universidade de Comibra 2006. 4. Neves, J.M. et al. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2009; 124: 270-283.
E1-O02Ajenjo: the case of unusual plants adapted for human consumption
M. Viteri, M. Heinrich
Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX
Background: As part of a comprehensive ethnobotanical study of medicinal and food plants in Teruel, a mountainous province in
Eastern Spain, we identified "ajenjos" as a culturally important group of species mostly of the genus Artemisia. Through various
preparations these species have been adapted for human consumption. Species used by the Turolense people include Artemisia
absinthium (Mill.) DC., A. vulgaris L., A. pedemontana Balb. and A. reptans Ch. Sm as well as Chamaemelum nobile (L.) All. Artemisia herba-alba Asso. is used but not classified as "ajenjo".
Objectives: To understand how the four species are used for specific internal or external health conditions, as well as the cultural
background for the usage of these particular species.
Methods: Ethnobotanical field work, systematic interviews with informants from various towns and regions, taxonomic classification.
Results and conclusions: The species of Artemisia are prepared in a variety of ways like infusions or shower baths. The pungent
smell makes them an immediate "medicinal". The most interesting example is A. reptans Ch. Sm. used with aniseed liqueur. Ch.
nobile and A. herba-alba are used as a bodily tonic to energise and "refresh" the blood. The preparation of these often toxic species (A. vulgaris, A. absinthium) might be essential for detoxifying the species and making them adapted for human consumption.
Keywords: Artemisia, poisonous plants, infusions, Teruel, medicinal.
Acknowledgments: Naturex, Instituto de Estudios Turolenses, School of Pharmacy
References: J.T. Mukinda, et al. J. Eth, Volume 112, Issue 1, 30 May 2007, Pages 138-144.
44
E1-O03Are older people wiser about medicinal and food plants? The example of the Basque Country,
Spain
R. Alarcón, C. Priestley, M. Heinrich
The School of Pharmacy. GlaxoSmithKline, [email protected]. Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, The School of
Pharmacy, University of London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX
Background: As part of a critical assessment of the rich bio-cultural knowledge of the people in three geographical areas of the
Basque Country, Spain, it has been observed that a wide variety of plant species are used as food and medicine. There are many
factors which may influence an individual’s level of knowledge of food and medicinal plants, including age, gender, occupation,
interest in the subject, access to the resources, government priorities and migration, as well as the abundance and usefulness of
the species in the landscape.
Objectives: To understand if the levels of ancestral knowledge about plant species has a variation or similarities among the
diverse age groups from the region.
Methods: Information was collected using semi-structured and structured ethnobotanical interviews. SPSS was used to analyze
the data.
Results and conclusions: To understand the link between age and the level of knowledge about plants species and their uses,
the 183 informants were divided into three age ranges: 70-98 (Group 1), 31-69 (Group 2), and 20-30 (Group 3) and interview was
carried not only to learns about the uses of plant families and species, but their interest in plants, type of work in their life and
ways of learning about the uses of the plants. It was found that on average members of the Group 2 know the highest number of
plant species and uses. Group 3 is the group with on average the lowest level of knowledge about plants. Therefore, here it was
demonstrated that it is not always the oldest members of society that know the most about medicinal and food uses of plants,
since it was found that individuals in this survey aged 31-69 had a greater level of knowledge than 70-98 as well as 20-30 year olds.
The results show that if people have the opportunity to practise and to maintain their ancestral knowledge age is not a limit. At
the same time not all old people know about uses of plants because their knowledge depends on their occupation, responsibilities
and type of activities in which they partook during their life (and maybe still partake).
Keywords: Age, plants, medicinal plants, diet, ancestral knowledge.
E1-O04
Plantas medicinales de usanza tradicional en la zona centro de las Rías Baixas (Galicia)
E. González Casal, P. Cariñanos González
Universidad de Granada, Dpto. Botánica. Facultad de Farmacia, 18071, Granada, España
Antecedentes: La historia de la herboristería popular gallega siempre fue muy amplia y conocida por los lugareños a pesar de
que fue conservada oralmente a lo largo de las generaciones. A todo ello hay que sumarle el fuerte componente supersticioso de
Galicia que ha hecho que las interpretaciones se muevan entre lo místico y lo científico.
Objetivos: Catalogar las plantas medicinales usadas tradicionalmente en la comarca pontevedresa de la provincia del mismo
nombre para dar a conocer los aspectos más relevantes de la conservación y transmisión de este conocimiento a la población.
Métodos: Se han distribuido 300 cuestionarios en centros educativos de la comarca de Pontevedra para recoger el conocimiento
de los usos tradicionales de las plantas. En una primera parte se incluían datos personales de los informantes (edad, profesión,
zona de residencia). La segunda parte contenía datos recopilatorios sobre el conocimiento y uso popular de las especies vegetales
(nombre, propiedades, origen del conocimiento y aplicación).
Resultados y conclusiones: Se recopilaron un total de 114 cuestionarios de los ámbitos rurales y urbanos con información sobre
81 especies de plantas utilizadas para prevenir y/o tratar hasta 69 dolencias o molestias. La familia más citada fue Lamiaceae, y
las enfermedades para las que se citan un mayor número de especies son las relacionadas con procesos nerviosos, destacando Lippia citriodora como especie más citada. Como conclusión puede extraerse que la utilización de especies vegetales sigue estando
muy arraigada en la población del centro de las Rías Baixas.
Palabras clave: Etnobotánica, Plantas medicinales, Rías Baixas, Galicia.
Agradecimientos: Universidad de Granada, Centros Educativos de Cotobade, Puentecaldelas y Pontevedra, Paloma Cariñanos González,
Isaac González Casal, Pilar Casal Santomé, Marcelino González Mirón, José Casal Santomé.
45
E1-O05Etnozoologia e conservação da natureza: O caso de uma possível reintrodução de espécies outrora emblemáticas no Parque Natural da Serra da Estrela (Portugal)
F. Soares a, C. Sousa a, b
a
Departamento de Antropologia, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas da Universidade Nova de Lisboa. b Centro em Rede de Investigação em Antropologia (CRIA - FCSH/UNL); Email: [email protected]
Enquadramento: A par da dimensão ecológica, a dimensão sócio-cultural de um qualquer programa de conservação é fulcral para
o sucesso dos mesmos, desempenhando os estudos de cariz etnozoológico e antropológico um papel extremamente importante
neste contexto. Este pressuposto serviu de base à realização de uma investigação no Parque Natural da Serra da Estrela (PNSE),
centrada numa possível reintrodução de espécies outrora emblemáticas.
Objectivos: Pretendeu-se aceder, por um lado, ao grau de aceitação e apoio dessa possível reintrodução por parte da população
local e, por outro, aos possíveis impactos da mesma no contexto social local. Tal passou, por seu turno, por um enquadramento
geral e histórico das percepções sociais e das relações estabelecidas entre a população local e a fauna local.
Métodos: Através do método intensivo, procedeu-se à recolha de dados entre Setembro de 2009 e Março de 2010 na região do
PNSE, através de técnicas complementares: análise de documentos, entrevistas informais (n=18) a informantes locais especializados e entrevistas semi-estruturadas (n=116) a residentes de sete freguesias rurais da zona norte do PNSE.
Resultados e conclusões: Os resultados sugerem que: a) as percepções da fauna evidenciam uma "escala sociozoológica" baseada em parâmetros utilitários, ecológicos e estéticos; b) as percepções em relação à reintrodução estão relacionadas com esta
escala: são favoráveis se a(s) espécie(s) for(em) percepcionada(s) como "boa(s)" e, caso contrário, pouco favoráveis. Apesar da sua
importância, são ainda escassos os estudos deste tipo ligados à conservação da natureza, nomeadamente no contexto português,
e persistem ainda algumas barreiras à sua integração. Um dos grandes desafios consiste, assim, em conhecer e ultrapassar tais
barreiras.
Palavras-chave: Conservação da natureza, percepções sociais, escala sociozoológica, reintrodução.
E1-O06
Plantas silvestres comestibles y su uso tradicional en Gorbeialdea (Bizkaia, País Vasco)
G. Menendez a, I. García-Mijangos b, J. Tardío c, V. Reyes-García d, M. Pardo-de-Santayana a
a
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. C/ Darwin, 2, 28049, Madrid, España. b Universidad del País Vasco/EHU. Apdo. 644, 48080, Bilbao,
España.c IMIDRA, Finca El Encín, Apdo. 127, 28800, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España. d ICREA-ICTA, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona,
08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, España.
Antecedentes: A pesar de su riqueza cultural y natural, Bizkaia es un territorio poco conocido etnobotánicamente.
Objetivos: Este trabajo pretende describir y analizar las plantas silvestres comestibles consumidas tradicionalmente en un área
rural del sur de Bizkaia. También se ha profundizado en la existencia de alimentos estigmatizados como las bellotas.
Métodos: Entre 2008 y 2009 se han realizado 66 entrevistas semidirigidas a 71 informantes del lugar, seleccionados mediante el
método "bola de nieve". Se calculó un índice de Importancia Cultural para cada especie.
Resultados y conclusiones: Se ha registrado el uso de 40 especies, el 35% consumidas por sus frutos. La mayoría ya no se
utilizan. Según el índice de Importancia Cultural las especies más revelantes son Prunus spinosa, Rubus ulmifolius, Pyrus cordata
y Castanea sativa. Se aportan usos novedosos o poco comunes en la Península Ibérica, como el consumo de los brotes de Fagus
sylvatica y Pteridium aquilinum, de las flores de Aquilegia vulgaris y semillas de Pinus radiata, o la elaboración de perada con
Pyrus cordata. Aunque el número de especies es menor que en otras zonas ibéricas, Gorbeialdea presenta una alta especificidad en
cuanto a las especies consumidas. Finalmente, se ha constatado la importancia del consumo humano de bellotas (Quercus robur,
Q. ilex), aunque éste se encuentre estigmatizado. El registro de este uso requirió el empleo de preguntas directas, pues muy pocos
informantes hablaban de ello espontáneamente.
Palabras clave: Alimentos silvestres comestibles, conocimiento tradicional, Arratia, Bizkaia.
46
E1-O07 Percursos da Etnobiología Portuguesa: história, projectos e actividades nos últimos dez anos
A.M. Carvalho a, A. Frazão-Moreira b
a
CIMO e Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Apartado 1172, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal. b CRIA e FCSH, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. Berna, 26-C 1069-061 Lisboa, Portugal. [email protected]
Enquadramento: Na sequência de projecto de investigação no domínio da Etnobotânica, financiado pela FCT, foi feito um historial
do desenvolvimento desta disciplina em Portugal e um levantamento dos trabalhos de índole etnobiológica passíveis de serem
referenciados.
Objectivos: Fazer o balanço das actividades realizadas até à data, promover a sua divulgação e analisar o estado da investigação
em Etnobiología (IE), em Portugal.
Métodos: Inquirição informal, recolha de bibliografia, consulta da Web, repositórios nacionais, bibliotecas digitais e bases de
dados (FCT, programa AGROS, entre outros).
Resultados e conclusões: Ao longo do período em análise verificou-se um progressivo aumento da IE que pode ser avaliado pelo
número de: projectos financiados e realizados (cerca de 8); teses de mestrado, doutoramento e pós-doutoramento (pelo menos 11);
trabalhos de fim de curso (18); cursos livres; comunicações orais, posters e publicações (revistas nacionais e internacionais com
arbitragem científica, revistas técnicas e de divulgação, relatórios, monografias e guias); criação de museus; e inclusão da Unidade
Curricular de Etnobotânica nos planos de formações de nível superior. A maioria das actividades é do âmbito da Etnobotânica e
da Etnofarmacologia. Há estudos relacionados com a Etnozoologia, contudo não foram encontrados trabalhos realizados noutros
ramos da IE. As principais dificuldades na IE resultam da falta de enquadramento desta ciência na maioria dos programas correntes
de financiamento, dos baixos montantes disponibilizados pelos poucos apoios institucionais que se vão obtendo e na dificuldade
em publicar regularmente os resultados obtidos em periódicos internacionais de maior abrangência.
Palavras-chave: Etnobotânica, Etnozoologia, Etnobiologia, Portugal, PALOP.
E1-O08
Tracing medicinal plant knowledge by the use of photographs among Tyrolean (Austria) emigrants
in Australia, Brasil and Peru
H. Pirker, E. Kuhn, R. Haselmair, C. Vogl
Working Group for Knowledge Systems and Innovations, Division of Organic Farming. Department for Sustainable Agricultural Systems,
BOKU. Gregor Mendel Strasse 38, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. [email protected]
Background: In recent years studies on medicinal plants within the context of migration have been emerging as an area of ethno
botanical interest and are pursuant to increased global mobility. New cultural and environmental contexts may incite knowledge
transformation as people are challenged to adapt to their new surroundings.
Objectives: Through the use of photographs we wanted to Through comparision we want to get insight first insight about changes
Results and conclusions: Similiarities and discrepancies between the three areas of investigation are interpreted as potential
indicators of continuity and loss (or deculturation) of traditional remedies.
Keywords: Medicinal plants, Plant Identification by use of photographs, Migration
E1-O09
47
Museo Virtual de Historia de la Educación. Una herramienta para la didáctica de la Etnobotánica
y la Etnozoología
J.P. Marín, J.M. Bernal, J.D. López
Centro de Estudios sobre la Memoria Educativa de la Universidad de Murcia (CEME). Facultad de Educación, Universidad de Murcia.
E-30100, Murcia, España.
Antecedentes: Desde hace unos años, desde distintos departamentos de la Universidad de Murcia y de Institutos de Educación
Secundaria se trabaja en la creación del Museo Virtual de Historia de la Educación (MUVHE), como elemento integrador de los
estudios realizados en las distintas áreas de conocimiento, y como recurso didáctico de interés para la enseñanza de las ciencias
experimentales.
Objetivos: Con esta comunicación se quiere mostrar algunos de los rasgos esenciales del trabajo que se viene desarrollando en
torno a la conservación, catalogación y estudio del patrimonio histórico-científico de los centros educativos. El MUVHE, concebido
como un espacio museístico abierto, quiere contar con la participación activa de todas las personas y entidades que lo deseen,
para llegar a ser, con su colaboración, una zona compartida de la memoria educativa.
Métodos: Inventariado, fotografía y digitalización de documentos, modelos, láminas, seres materiales vivos e inertes. En el caso
de organismos se hace una descripción taxonómica y se explican sus propiedades y usos por parte del hombre. Se hace énfasis en
las características, funciones didácticas, estado de conservación y bibliografía asociada.
Resultados y conclusiones: A lo largo de esta investigación se han catalogado ejemplares de jardines botánicos así como de
laboratorios y museos de la provincia de Murcia. Facilitar esta información fomenta el conocimiento de estos recursos y su uso
por docentes e investigadores.
Palabras clave: Didáctica e Historia de la Ciencia, museos, jardines botánicos, Etnobiología.
Referencias: http://www.um.es/muvhe/user/index.php
E1-O10
Los Laureleros de Nopaltepec, estado de México y el uso de Litsea glaucescens H.B.K. (Lauraceae) de Tezoantla, estado de Hidalgo, México
B.N. López Gutiérrez, B.E. Pérez-Escandón, M.A. Villavicencio Nieto
Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, 42184, Pachuca, Hidalgo.
Antecedentes: En torno al uso tradicional de las plantas existen rasgos culturales que se siguen conservando y deben ser considerados para la realización de trabajos etnobotánicos. Tal es el caso de Litsea glaucescens (Lauraceae), llamada comúnmente
laurel y utilizado en la Semana Santa en la comunidad de Nopaltepec, estado de México. Esta planta se encuentra enlistada en la
Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-059, bajo la categoría de riesgo en peligro de extinción.
Objetivos: El objetivo del presente trabajo es documentar el uso y manejo de L. glaucescens (laurel) de Hidalgo, en la comunidad
de Nopaltepec, estado de México.
Métodos: Para esto, se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas y observación participativa.
Resultados y conclusiones: Año con año un grupo de aproximadamente 100 personas denominados "los laureleros" realizan un
viaje de 90 km en caballos y burros, saliendo de Nopaltepec estado de México hacia Tezoantla estado de Hidalgo, para recolectar
laurel, el cual es utilizado para celebrar el Domingo de Ramos en su comunidad. Este recorrido se ha realizado continuamente
desde hace más de 100 años. Una vez que "los laureleros" llegan a Tezoantla recolectan la planta y el párroco ofrece una misa para
bendecirla. Un día después ellos regresan con el laurel cargado en los caballos y burros hacia su comunidad, en donde la gente los
recibe con comida y otra misa en la cual el laurel vuelve a ser bendecido. En el Domingo de Ramos se reparte el laurel a cada uno
de los miembros de la comunidad, los cuales participan en una procesión. El laurel utilizado en la procesión es guardado por cada
persona en su casa y posteriormente se usa para curar enfermedades respiratorias y como condimento.
Palabras clave: Etnobotánica, Uso, Litsea glaucescens, Hidalgo, México.
48
E1-O11
Aprovechamiento de las plantas medicinales en la región Noreste de Actopan, Hidalgo (México)
E.R. Martínez Pérez, M.A. Villavicencio Nieto, B.E. Pérez-Escandón
Laboratorio de Etnobotánica, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo. Apdo., postal 42184,
Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo. México. Tel (771)71-72000, ext. 6648
Antecedentes: La región NE de Actopan, Hidalgo, posee una gran biodiversidad biológica y sus habitantes tienen conocimientos
sobre el aprovechamiento de plantas, particularmente las de uso medicinal, sin embargo, ha sido poco estudiada biológicamente.
En la comunidad de Plomosas, Actopan, Hgo., se reportó el uso de 161 especies de plantas medicinales.
Objetivos: Investigar el aprovechamiento y conocimiento tradicional de plantas medicinales, documentar y analizar información de
su uso, manejo, época de venta, procedencia, cantidad extraída por temporada y derrama económica por especie.
Métodos: Para el trabajo, se caracterizaran a las comunidades: describiendo su vegetación, urbanización, población total, visitando periódicamente a cada comunidad, a los habitantes se les aplican entrevistas a través de juntas o visitas a viviendas y
recabar información del uso, valor, conocimiento y aprovechamiento. Se visita el tianguis de Actopan, para hacer un análisis y
estimar cantidades de especies aprovechadas temporales o permanentes. Las especies mencionadas se colectan por triplicado, y
se colocan en una prensa y luego en una caja con calor, se realiza una ficha botánica por especies: familia, género, uso, manejo,
partes usadas, forma de vida, hábitat, época de colecta, comercialización.
Resultados y conclusiones: Se ha reportado el uso de 46 especies. La especie mejor aprovechada es: Tagetes lucida, su extracción en los meses de venta es aprox. de 3 ton., se contaron 44 puestos de venta y en cada puesto hay de 10 a 15 manojos con un
peso entre 300 y 500 gr., su derrama económica asciende a más de $90 000. Familia y genero mejor representados: Asteraceae y
Tagetes. Del matorral submontano, xerófilo y pastizales se extraen la mayoría de especies.
Palabras clave: tianguis, aprovechamiento, uso, manejo y planta medicinal.
Referencias: Martínez. Plantas Medicinales de la Comunidad de Plomosas, municipio de Actopan, Hidalgo. México. 2007. Scull., Miranda., Migdalia e Infante. Plantas medicinales de uso tradicional de Pinar del Río, Cuba. 1997.
E1-O12 Usos tradicionales del madroño (Arbutus unedo L.) y estimación de su producción de frutos
M. Molina a, M. Pardo de Santayana b, R. Morales c, L. Aceituno a,b, J. Tardío a
a
IMIDRA, Finca El Encín, Apdo. 127, 28800, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid. España.
b
Dpto. de Biología (Botánica). Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/ Darwin 2, 28049 Madrid. España.
c
Jardín Botánico de Madrid, CSIC. Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014, Madrid. España.
Antecedentes: Los frutos del madroño son un importante recurso alimentario de origen silvestre, con una interesante composición nutricional y elevada actividad antioxidante (1). En la Península Ibérica se han consumido frescos o en mermeladas, y se han
empleado en la elaboración de licores caseros (2).
Objetivos: Estimar la capacidad productiva del madroño, con el fin de conocer la disponibilidad de sus frutos en madroñales
naturales, así como la variabilidad geográfica y anual de su producción.
Métodos: Se ha estimado la producción de frutos por árbol y por unidad de superficie en dos poblaciones silvestres españolas
durante dos años consecutivos. En cada población se han muestreado 25 ejemplares de la especie y se han realizado transectos
de 50 x 10 m.
Resultados y conclusiones: La producción media de frutos ha sido de 4,39 ± 0,63 kg/árbol. Se han detectado diferencias significativas entre años y/o localidades en el peso del fruto y el número de frutos por árbol, correlacionadas con las condiciones meteorológicas anuales, en concreto con el régimen pluviométrico. La producción por hectárea ha sido muy variable como consecuencia
de las diferencias de densidad de la especie en cada localidad (7 ± 3 y 206 ± 32 individuos/ha) y el diámetro medio del tronco (24,18
± 2,63 y 7,52 ± 0,45 cm, respectivamente).
Palabras clave: Madroño, frutos silvestres, producción, Etnobotánica aplicada.
Agradecimientos: Proyecto cofinanciado por FEDER y Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (CGL2006-09546/BOS).
Referencias: 1. Barros, L. et al. (2010) Food Chem. 120:247-254. 2. Tardío, J. et al. (2006) Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 152:27-72.
E1-O13
49
Ethnobotany and Scientific Culture - The Beja Botanical Museum (Portugal)
L. Mendonça de Carvalho, F. Fernandes
Instituto Politécnico de Beja, Museu Botânico, Campus IPB, Rua Pedro Soares, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal
Enquadramento: The Beja Botanical Museum opened in 2002 and it is the only Portuguese museum devoted to study the relations
developed between Plants and People.
Objectivos: The Botanical Museum main objectives are: record, preserve and study information related with the cultural uses of
plants. Although its main focus is the Portuguese economic botany and Ethnobotany, it also has hundreds of items, and related
information, from many other countries.
Métodos: The Museum has a collection of circa 2.000 items divided in three sub-collections: 1) Raw Material, 2) Man Made
Objects and 3) Natural Objects. These objects are used to create temporary displays held in the Botanical Museum and in other
Portuguese cultural/scientific institutions.
Resultados e conclusões: The museum is increasing the number and diversity of items and information housed in its collections
and will soon create a new virtual museum online.
Palavras-chave: Botanical Museum, Ethnobotany, Beja, Scientific Culture.
E1-O14
La bellota en la alimentación humana en la Península Ibérica
E. García Gómez a, J. Pereira Sieso b , M. Pardo de Santayana c
a
Diputación Provincial de Toledo. Servicio de Medio Ambiente. Plaza de Padilla, 2. 45002 - Toledo (Spain).
b
Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha. Facultad de Humanidades. Plaza de Padilla s/n. 45002 -Toledo (Spain).
c
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Departamento de Biología (Botánica), Facultad de Ciencias, calle Darwin 2, Campus de Cantoblanco,
28049 Madrid (Spain).
Antecedentes: Los frutos y verduras silvestres comestibles han jugado un papel muy importante en la alimentación desde la
antigüedad hasta el pasado reciente.
Objetivos: Conocer la verdadera importancia que los frutos de las encinas y robles han tenido a lo largo de la historia, y en
determinadas épocas, zonas y situaciones sociales, como alimento básico y como recurso de subsistencia en épocas de escasez.
Métodos: Análisis bibliográfico, estudio arqueológico y trabajo etnográfico original de campo. En el trabajo de campo se han
entrevistado a 42 informantes de Toledo, Cáceres y Badajoz.
Resultados y conclusiones: Las bellotas se han usado como fuente principal y alternativa de alimento probablemente en todas
las zonas donde crecen árboles o arbustos del género Quercus.
Se presentan datos de su consumo en la Península Ibérica a lo largo de diferentes momentos cronológicos, desde la pre y protohistoria hasta la actualidad.
Si bien las bellotas dulces eran las preferidas, en las zonas donde no existen o son escasos los pies de Quercus ilex subsp. ballota
se han utilizado otras especies de bellotas amargas.
La información recogida indica que el consumo humano fue común hasta hace poco y hoy en día su consumo es mucho más
ocasional.
Palabras clave: Alimentación, bellota, supervivencia, Quercus.
50
E1-O15
Atividade cicatrizante do óleo essencial de Hyptis lophanta Mart. ex Benth (Lamiaceae)
C. Takayama a, A. Luiz-Ferreira a, F.M. de-Faria b, A.R.M. Souza-Brito a
a
Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Depto. de Anatomia, Biologia Celular e Fisiologia e Biofísica, Código postal 6109, Campinas-SP,
Brasil. b Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Depto. de Farmacologia, Código postal 6111, Campinas-SP, Brasil.
Enquadramento: Cerca de 10% da população mundial sofre de úlcera gástrica, a qual está relacionada a fatores como estresse,
uso de DAINE, tabagismo, consumo de álcool e infecção por H. pylori. Não há ainda uma droga que produza 100% de remissão
dessa doença. O óleo essencial de Hyptis lophanta é utilizado para tratar dores musculares, pancadas e problemas digestivos.
Objectivos: Estudar o potencial cicatrizante do óleo essencial de Hyptis lophanta (OEH).
Métodos: Foram utilizados ratos machos Unib:WH (150-250g; n=7), provenientes do Centro de Bioterismo da Unicamp (CEMIB).
Para avaliar a atividade cicatrizante do OEH (100 mg/Kg, dose mais eficaz avaliada no modelo de úlcera inducida por etanol
absoluto), foi utilizado o modelo de indução de úlcera por ácido acético (1). Análises de Western Blotting foram realizadas para
quantificar a expressão de COX-2 e EGF. Os resultados foram expressos como média ± e.p.m, ANOVA seguida de teste t de Dunnet.
Resultados e conclusões: OEH apresentou atividade cicatrizante, evidenciado pela redução significativa da área de lesão ulcerativa (87,49%) e aumento da expressão de fatores que promovem a cicatrização na mucosa gástrica como o EGF (115,57%) e
COX-2 (75%) enzima cuja expressão é regulada por fatores de crescimento como o próprio EGF e também está relacionada com a
proliferação celular no tecido epitelial, bem como proteção da mucosa gástrica.
Palavras-chave: Óleo essencial, Hyptis lophanta, atividade cicatrizante.
Referência: Okabe S, Amagase K. Biol. Pharm. Bull 2005; 28: 1321-1341.
E1-O16
Los animales en la medicina popular de España ¿Qué interés? ¿Qué futuro?
E. Motte-Florac
Univ. Montpellier 1 et Praxiling (CNRS et Univ. Montpellier 3), Laboratoire de Botanique, Faculté de Pharmacie, 15, Avenue Charles Flahault, 34093 Montpellier cedex 5 – France
Antecedentes: En varios trabajos anteriores (1), hemos subrayado que desde la Antigüedad, numerosos productos animales han
sido utilizados con fines terapéuticos en la cuenca del mar Mediterráneo. En las farmacopeas cultas su utilización decayó durante
la Edad Media, luego se puso de moda desde el siglo XVI hasta el XVIII, antes de desaparecer en el XX. En la medicina popular de
España, el recurso a los animales ha proseguido aunque el número de especies involucradas se haya reducido considerablemente.
Objetivos: Nuestro objetivo es explorar el interés de las drogas animales tratando a) de conocer mejor las especies cuya utilización en medicina popular ha resistido a los cambios en el medio ambiente y en los comportamientos, a los trastornos sociales
y económicos, etc., b) a identificar mejor los factores que han podido intervenir en su permanencia: eficacia biológica, valores
simbólicos, facilidad de acceso, etc.
Métodos: 1) El inventario de las drogas animales utilizadas en España ha sido establecido a partir de los trabajos publicados sobre
la medicina popular. 2) Cuadros comparativos entre esas drogas animales y las que se encuentran en las farmacopeas cultas y oficiales de los siglos XVII y XVIII, han podido ser realizados gracias a los resultados de investigaciones efectuadas desde hace varios
años acerca de las farmacopeas cultas y oficiales en el Mediterráneo. 3) Los resultados de estos cuadros han sido confrontados
con datos científicos (químicos y farmacológicos) que se encuentran en los grandes bancos de datos internacionales.
Resultados y conclusiones: Los resultados hacen aparecer una excelente apreciación de las posibilidades que ofrece el mundo
animal (hormonas y substancias muy diversas) para curar un gran número de enfermedades. Varios factores como la desaparición
del mundo rural, los cambios de las mentalidades frente a la enfermedad y a la muerte, etc., han debilitado desgraciadamente
el interés hacia esos productos. Los que permanecieron representan posibilidades terapéuticas científicamente comprobadas.
Palabras clave: Farmacopea, animales, medicina popular.
Referencias: Motte-Florac E, 2004.
E1-O17
51
Montia fontana L., un interesante recurso silvestre del Oeste de la Península Ibérica
J. Tardío a, M. Molina a, L. Aceituno a,c R. Morales b, M. Pardo de Santayana c, P. Morales d, P. García e, V. Fernández e, M.C. Sánchez-Mata e
a
IMIDRA, Finca El Encín, Apdo. 127, 28800, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España. b Jardín Botánico de Madrid, CSIC. Plaza de Murillo 2,
28014, Madrid, España. c Dpto. de Biología (Botánica). Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Darwin 2, 28049 Madrid, España. d Dpto.
Ciencias de la Salud. Valencian International University (VIU). e Dpto. Nutrición y Bromatología II. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pl.
Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, España
Antecedentes: Con numerosas denominaciones populares, Montia fontana es una de las verduras silvestres cuyo consumo en
ensalada se encuentra más ampliamente extendido en el oeste peninsular, especialmente en España (1).
Objetivos: Evaluar tanto la capacidad productiva de esta especie en sus poblaciones naturales como su valor nutricional en dos
localidades del centro peninsular.
Métodos: Se ha estimado la producción por unidad de superficie en los arroyos de cada zona durante dos años consecutivos. Se
ha muestreado la biomasa aprovechable en 20 cuadros de 20x20 cm. Para estimar la abundancia se han realizado transectos de
10x1 m. Asimismo, se tomaron muestras para el análisis de composición centesimal, minerales y vitamina C.
Resultados y conclusiones: Aunque aparecieron diferencias significativas entre localidades, se alcanzó un valor medio de
producción de 2,64 ± 0,13 kg/m2 de superficie ocupada por la especie, equivalente a una producción media final de 0,2 ± 0,02 kg/
m2 en las áreas de arroyo muestreadas. Respecto a su valor nutritivo, cabe resaltar su alto contenido de vitamina C (34,33 ± 9,25
mg/100 g), de gran interés dado su consumo en fresco. Asimismo, destacó el aporte de fibra alimentaria (4,46 ± 0,57 g/100 g) y
de Mn entre los microelementos de la fracción mineral. Se trata sin duda de una especie de gran interés nutricional y su inclusión
en la dieta podría potenciarse.
Palabras clave: verduras silvestres, producción, composición nutricional, Etnobotánica aplicada.
Agradecimientos: Proyecto cofinanciado por FEDER y Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (CGL2006-09546/BOS).
Referencias: 1. Tardío, J. et al. (2006) Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 152:27-72
E1-O18
Usos tradicionales de las plantas en la provincia de Salamanca. Una aproximación al estudio de
las relaciones de las plantas y los pueblos de Salamanca
E. Blanco, J. Criado, J.M. Velasco
[email protected]
Antecedentes: La provincia de Salamanca se caracteriza por su rico Patrimonio etnográfico y antropológico como se demuestra
en el trabajo de Granzow de la Cerda y colaboradores, de 1993, que nos ha servido como base y de referencia. Con el apoyo de la
Diputación de Salamanca (IDE, Instituto de las Identidades), ha sido realizado un estudio etnobotánico global de esta interesante
provincia occidental ibérica (C. A. de Castilla y León).
Objetivos: Recoger sistemáticamente el patrimonio etnobotánico de la provincia de Salamanca y divulgarlo entre el público en
general.
Métodos: Se ha trabajado por todo el territorio provincial, dividiéndonos el espacio geográfico entre los autores y coordinadores
del trabajo, que son 8 en total. La base de la información recopilada ha sido el trabajo de campo, con múltiples entrevistas realizadas. Un total de más de 200 informantes han colaborado de alguna manera en este trabajo, aunque también se han revisado
gran número de documentos antiguos en bibliotecas y archivos, realizándose además un listado de recursos, museos y fuentes
documentales existentes en la provincia, relativas al ámbito etnobotánico.
Resultados y conclusiones: Se han realizado más de 6.000 registros de usos sobre un total de 542 taxones identificados, ya
sea a nivel de especie o subespecie, de los cuales 400 corresponden a vegetales silvestres y 142 a los cultivados. También se han
recopilado más de 1.500 nombres vulgares de vegetales que crecen o se usan en toda la provincia de Salamanca, correspondiendo
635 de ellos a novedades en el contexto nacional, es decir que se trata de nombres vernáculos no registrados hasta ahora en la
literatura etnobotánica. Con estos datos, se ha elaborado una publicación estructurada en diversos capítulos, según los grandes
temas etnobotánicos ibéricos antropocéntricos. El grueso del texto versa sobre los usos tradicionales que de las plantas alimenticias, medicinales y tóxicas, plantas de uso tecnológico y artesanal, plantas utilizadas como combustibles y para obtener diversos
productos y plantas de la cultura no material.
Palabras clave: Etnobotánica, fitonimia, Salamanca.
52
E1-O19
Perspectivas de la investigación etnozoológica en España
C. Ibero Solana, J.E. Hernández Bermejo
Dpto. Ciencias y Recursos Agrícolas y Forestales. Universidad de Córdoba, Campus Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, España.
Antecedentes: En el estado actual de las ciencias en España, la Etnozoología se vislumbra como algo prácticamente desconocido,
existiendo mínimas referencias incluso sobre el término. No obstante, la búsqueda de información y datos en fuentes de diversa
naturaleza y desde diferentes enfoques revela el gran patrimonio que sobre este tema potencial existe en España.
Objetivos: Hacer un diagnóstico preliminar sobre el estado de desarrollo de la Etnozoología en España; determinar las fuentes
de información potenciales y disponibles; enunciar posibles fuentes de investigación etnozoológica seleccionando algunos temas
prioritarios.
Métodos: Se ha llevado a cabo una exploración bibliográfica, seleccionada tanto desde el punto de vista de la utilización de los
animales (Plinio, diversos tratados antiguos sobre agricultura (1, 2)) como desde ciertas actividades humanas que utilizan productos
animales, o desde las Bellas Artes (véase, por ej. Bruquetas 2002 (3))
Resultados y conclusiones: La Etnozoología no está desarrollada como ciencia en España, si bien se percibe la existencia de un
rico patrimonio en este ámbito de la ciencia y cultura. Existe una rica información en los textos y fuentes históricas que debiera ser
científicamente compendiada y contrastada. En general, se constata el uso de una gran parte de las especies animales disponibles.
La zoología profesional le presta escasa atención al uso que hace el hombre de los animales.
Palabras clave: Etnozoología, España.
Referencias: 1. Plinio (2002). Historia Natural. Edición de J. Cantó, I. Gómez Santamaría, S. González Marín y E. Tarriño. Ediciones Cátedra. Madrid. Edición de 2002. 876 pp. 2. Plinio el Viejo, 2003. Historia Natural. Libros VII-XI. Hernáez. Editorial Gredos. Biblioteca clásica.
Edición de 2003. 646 pp. 3. Bruquetas, R., 2002. Técnicas y materiales de la pintura española en los Siglos de Oro. Fundación de Apoyo a
la Historia del Arte Hispánico. Madrid. 566 pp.
E1-O20
Phenolic acids profile and antioxidant properties of wild edible mushrooms from North-eastern
Portugal
L. Barros a,b, M.J. Sousa a, A. Martins a, C. Santos-Buelga b, I.C.F.R. Ferreira a
CIMO, Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Apartado 1172, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal. b GIP-USAL, Facultad de
Farmacia, Univ. Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain. [email protected]
a
Background: In recent years oxidative stress, induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in the etiology and
progression of several chronic diseases. Antioxidants that can mitigate the damaging effects of ROS have been the focus of recent
research (1). In this perspective, including mushrooms, which contain significant amounts of antioxidants, in our diet may provide
desirable health benefits, beyond basic nutrition.
Objectives: To describe the phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of four wild edible mushrooms (Armillaria mellea, Calocybe
gambosa, Clitocybe odora and Coprinus comatus).
Methods: Phenolic compounds were analysed by reversed-phase HPLC-DAD (2).Antioxidant activity was accessed by four in vitro
chemical and biochemical assays using animal cells.
Results and conclusions: Up to three phenolic acids (protocatechuic, p-hydroxybenzoic and p-coumaric acids) and a related compound (cinnamic acid) could be detected and quantified. C. comatus showed the highest concentration of phenolic acids (80.33 mg/
Kg, dry weight), and the highest antioxidant activity (EC50 < 2.60 mg/mL). The studied properties suggest mushrooms as suitable
natural healthy products to be included in our diet. This study is included in a broader project intending to valorise the traditional
native mycological flora of North-Eastern Portugal, of great interest for the economical development of this region.
Keywords: Wild mushrooms; Phenolic compounds; Antioxidant activity.
References: 1. Halliwell, B. Annu. Rev. Nutr. 1996, 16: 33-50. 2. Barros, L. et al. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2009, 47:1076–1079. 3. Heleno, S.
et al., Food Chem. 2010, 119: 1443–1450.
E1-O21
53
The globalization of funerary culture: plant symbolism in cemeteries in Ecuador
J. Izco a, R. Ansalaoni b, D. Minga b
a
University of Santiago de Compostela (Spain), b University of Azuay (Euador)
Background: The cemeteries in the big cities of South America mirror the spatial arrangement, structure and grave typology
typical of cemeteries in Europe. Likewise, tombs usually have figures, images and symbols related to death or the afterlife, mostly
of catholic inspiration.
Objectives: This essay revisits the history of customs using Ethnobotany to determine if the worldview here has a restricted local
character or was taken from other geographical areas, mainly Europe. First we are going to identify the symbolically meaningful
flora found on the tombs to see whether the symbols correspond to elements of local flora or reproduce European flora. In the
latter case, we want to discover the reasons for the occurrence of non-indigenous flora in the cemeteries of the South American
continent and the routes of access.
Methods: We studied the cemeteries of the three largest cities in Ecuador, Quito, Guayaquil and Cuenca, and that of a small village, El Cisne. The analysis covers different kinds of tombs, with burials dating from the middle of the 19th century to the beginning
of the 21st century.
Results and conclusions: Plants of the following genera were identified: Cineraria, Cupressus, Cycas, Dahlia, Hedera, Helichrysum, Laurus, Lilium, Olea, Papaver, Quercus, Salix, Triticum, Vinca, Viola tricolor, Vitis. With the exception of Viola, none of
these genera is tropical, nor do they belong to the indigenous flora of Ecuador. Iconography is relatively frequent in pantheons
and large mausoleums. The oldest tombs, which date back to the second half of the 19th century and the first quarter of the 20th
century, were built at times of great economic and demographic growth. The incorporation probably took place directly, especially
in Guayaquil, where marble mausoleums, clearly reminiscent of those of Carrara (Italy), suggest an Italian origin, confirmed by the
signatures of the artists and the workshops involved, all of them Italian. Later, the iconography of humbler graves and small village
cemeteries followed suit. No plant symbols pertaining to American flora were recorded.
Keywords: Ethnobotany, plant symbolism, eternity, romanticism, acculturation, symbolic flora, death cult.
E1-P01
Plantas medicinales con actividad a nivel digestivo de la Comunidad de Madrid
M.E. Carretero, M.P. Gómez-Serranillos, M.T. Ortega, O.M. Palomino
Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Pza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, España
Antecedentes: Una de las principales fuentes de descubrimiento de nuevos compuestos activos es el uso de plantas medicinales
en medicina tradicional; este conocimiento permite, además, asegurar la conservación de dichas especies. En la Comunidad de
Madrid se han descrito más de 2.000 especies de plantas vasculares (1), muchas de ellas utilizadas popularmente para el alivio de
distintas afecciones, como las gastrointestinales. El gran desarrollo urbano e industrial experimentado en esta zona en las últimas
décadas ha conducido a la pérdida de gran cantidad de información y a un menor uso de esta práctica medicinal.
Objetivos: En este trabajo se revisan aquellas especies vegetales con actividad a nivel digestivo, muchas de ellas empleadas
en medicina tradicional en la Comunidad de Madrid; se incluyen su uso popular y contenido en principios activos, el cual puede
respaldar su empleo.
Métodos: Se ha obtenido información de dos fuentes diferentes: bibliográficas (2, 3) y entrevistas directas con habitantes de la
zona estudiada.
Resultados y conclusiones: Se han recogido 72 géneros utilizados en 14 usos medicinales digestivos. Las especies más usadas
pertenecen a las familias Lamiaceae y Asteraceae, siendo en concreto los géneros Mentha y Thymus los principalmente reconocidos como beneficiosos para todos los trastornos gastrointestinales. La forma de administración más empleada es la infusión.
Palabras clave: Comunidad de Madrid, uso tradicional, trastornos digestivos.
Agradecimientos: Dr. Ramón Morales, Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid por su apoyo técnico.
Referencias: 1. Morales, R. Bot Complu (2003); 27: 31-70. 2. Tardío, J., Pascual, H., et al. Econom Bot (2005); 59: 122-136. 3. Rivera, D.,
Obón, C., et al. J Physiol Pharmacol (2005); 56: 97-114.
54
E1-P02
Análisis de la flora medicinal de la Comunidad Autónoma de Extremadura
J. Blanco, F.M. Vázquez, D. García, F. Márquez, M. Gutiérrez, J.L. López, M.J. Guerra, M.A. Cabeza de Vaca
Grupo HABITAT. Centro La Orden-Valdesequera, Junta Extremadura. Apartado Correos 22 06080 Badajoz, Spain.
Antecedentes: Existen trabajos de la flora medicinal de algunos enclaves extremeños (1-3) destacando especialmente la obra (4) ,
que recopila información de más de 500 plantas, lo que refrenda el uso de las plantas medicinales en Extremadura.
Objetivos: Analizar la representatividad de las plantas medicinales extremeñas en los grandes grupos taxonómicos, conocer su
distribución en los diferentes hábitats presentes en Extremadura y valorar el grado de endemicidad de cada una se ellas.
Métodos: Como base de este estudio se ha empleado la obra Vázquez et al. (4). La información relativa a distribución, hábitat,
abundancia, etc, de cada uno de los taxones se obtiene de la obra básica de Devesa (5) y de otras obras posteriores (4, 6). También se
han utilizado el herbario HSS, ANTHOS y GBIF. Los datos recopilados fueron analizados con PASW STATISTICS.
Resultados y conclusiones: Extremadura es un refugio para la flora medicinal de la Península Ibérica ya que en ella viven en
estado silvestre alrededor de 400 plantas medicinales. La distribución de las plantas medicinales es muy heterogénea dentro de
Extremadura, ya que depende tanto del medio físico como del uso que le de el hombre. La riqueza de taxones medicinales observada en Extremadura es un valor añadido a sumar a la flora de este territorio.
Palabras clave: Plantas medicinales, Extremadura, análisis, biodiversidad.
Referencias: 1. Vázquez, F.M. et al. J. Ethnopharm. 1997; 55: 81-85. 2. Muriel, M.R. Estudio técnico de los recursos no maderables de
la comarca de Las Hurdes: las plantas medicinales. Tesina. Valladolid: Universidad de Valladolid; 2005. 3. Blanco, J. et al. Actas del 5º
Congreso Forestal Español: Ávila: Junta de Castilla y León; 2009. 4. Vázquez et al. Plantas Medicinales en la Comunidad de Extremadura.
Badajoz: Diputación de Badajoz; 2008. 5. Devesa, J.A. Vegetación y Flora de Extremadura. Badajoz: Universitas Editorial; 1995. 6. Ruiz et
al. Vegetación y flora de La Serena y sierras limítrofes. Mérida: Junta de Extremadura; 2007.
E1-P03
Aplicación de algunos métodos y conceptos de la investigación en ciencias sociales a un estudio
etnobotánico realizado en Mallorca (Islas Baleares)
E. Carrió, J. Vallès
Laboratori de Botànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Cataluña, España.
Antecedentes: Desde ya hace años se reconoce que el énfasis de los estudios de Etnobotánica ha cambiado de la simple compilación de nombres y usos de plantas en grupos humanos considerados primitivos al tratamiento de las relaciones de cualquier
sociedad humana con el mundo vegetal desde una perspectiva holística, que permite la interpretación sistematizada del conocimiento tradicional sobre plantas (1). La metodología utilizada en los estudios sobre Etnobotánica clásica, pues, no es suficiente para
dar respuesta a las preguntas que se plantean desde las nuevas perspectivas de la disciplina (2).
Objetivos: Por eso, en esta comunicación se ponen en práctica algunos métodos y conceptos de la investigación en ciencias
sociales aplicados a un estudio etnobotánico que actualmente se está llevando a cabo en Mallorca (Islas Baleares).
Resultados y conclusiones: Se ha recopilado información etnobotánica a partir de entrevistas semiestructuradas a 70 personas.
Hasta ahora se han catalogado más de 150 especies. La información obtenida ha sido tratada con el software Anthropac. La sistematización de los datos ha permitido obtener una información de base más robusta que hace más objetivo el análisis posterior
y las comparaciones con otros estudios.
Palabras clave: Metodología, Anthropac, conocimiento tradicional de plantas, Mallorca.
Agradecimientos: ME (beca FPU AP2007-00766, E.C.). A todos los profesores y alumnos del Biocultural Diversity Erasmus course. Canterbury (Kent, UK). Abril 2010.
Referencias: 1. Davis, W. 1995. In: Ethnobotany. Evolution of a discipline. Schultes & von Reis. Ed. Chapman & Hall. 2. Reyes-García
et. al. 2007. Concepts and methods in studies measuring individual ethnobotanical knowledge. Journal of Ethnobiology, 27(2): 182-203.
E1-P04
55
Actividade antioxidante e antiacetilcolinesterase em extractos de Artemisia campestris e Helichrysum stoechas da Flora Portuguesa
L.J. Silva a, P.L. Falé a,b, L. Ascensão a, M.L. Serralheiro b
a
Centro de Biotecnologia Vegetal (IBB), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande,1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal.
b
Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande,1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal.
Enquadramento: Várias espécies de Asteraceae, nomeadamente dos géneros Artemisia e Helichrysum, são frequentemente
utilizadas em medicina popular para tratamento de problemas respiratórios, gastrointestinais e neurológicos.
Objectivos: A actividade antioxidante e o efeito inibidor da acetilcolinesterase foram estudados em extractos de Artemisia campestris e Helichrysum stoechas (Asteraceae).
Métodos: Extractos aquosos de A. campestris e H. stoechas foram preparados como decocções e analisados por HPLC. A estabilidade dos seus componentes foi avaliada em suco gástrico e pancreático artificiais, contendo pepsina a pH 1.2 e pancreatina a pH
8, respectivamente. A inibição da acetilcolinesterase (AChE) e a actividade antioxidante foram também determinadas.
Resultados e conclusões: A decocção de flores de H. stoechas apresentou a maior actividade inibidora da AChE, com IC50 de
0.260±0.013 mg/mL. As decocções de caules e folhas desta mesma espécie mostraram também elevados valores de inibição de
AChE, semelhantes aos obtidos para as decocções de caules, folhas e flores de A. campestris (0.775±0.011 mg/mL). A actividade
antioxidante foi similar em todos os extractos destas duas Asteraceae, apresentando a decocção de flores de A. campestris
(8.6±0.3 µg/mL) o melhor valor. A simulação das condições ácidas do estômago não produziu alterações na composição química
dos extractos nem nas suas actividades biológicas, ao contrário do suco pancreático que induziu algumas modificações.
Palavras-chave: A. campestris, H. stoechas, acetilcolinesterase, antioxidante, digestão artificial.
E1-P05
Variación estacional en los niveles de compuestos fenólicos totales y flavonoides en plantas gipsícolas
O. Mayoral a, M. Boscaiu b, J.V. Llinares a, P. Donat, P. Calatayud, I. Bautista c, A. Lidón c, C. Lull c, O. Vicente d
Institut d’Investigació per a la Gestió Integral de les zones Costaneres (IGIC); b Institut Agroforestal del Mediterrani (IAM); c RE-FOREST,
Dpto. de Ingeniería Hidráulica y Medio Ambiente; d Institut de Biologia Molecular i Cel·lular de Plantes (IBMCP). Universitat Politècnica de
València, Camí de Vera S/N, 46022 – València (Spain).
a
Antecedentes: Los compuestos fenólicos son un grupo numeroso y heterogéneo de metabolitos secundarios con múltiples funciones en las plantas, cuya composición y concentración es muy variable entre especies y en respuesta al ambiente. De especial
interés en Farmacología por su actividad antioxidante son los flavonoides. Los suelos yesíferos representan un medio estresante
para las plantas debido a la toxicidad de las sales y a la formación de costras duras que interfieren con el establecimiento de las
plantas. El período estival impone niveles muy elevados de sequedad, provocando un estrés hídrico adicional.
Objetivos: Analizar la variación en los niveles de compuestos fenólicos totales y de flavonoides en relación con las condiciones de
estrés ambiental, dado que una de las respuestas generales al estrés abiótico se basa en la activación de sistemas antioxidantes.
Métodos: Se han estudiado cuatro especies, dos gipsófitos típicos: Gypsophila struthium subsp. hispanica y Ononis tridentata y
dos accidentales: Rosmarinus officinalis y Cistus clusii. En distintas épocas del año se recolectó material vegetal de las sumidades
aéreas de estas especies en tres parcelas situados en una pendiente, siguiendo un gradiente decreciente de xericidad. Para la
medida de compuestos fenólicos totales y flavonoides se siguieron los procedimientos estándar.
Resultados y conclusiones: Todas las especies muestran una disminución de flavonoides en otoño respecto al verano a excepción de O. tridentata. El descenso más pronunciado se ha observado en R. officinalis, de forma más marcada en la parcela más
xérica. El estrés hídrico se apunta por tanto como uno de los factores determinantes en el aumento de los fenoles, más importante
que el estrés impuesto por los yesos del sustrato.
Palabras clave: Antioxidante, composición química foliar, estrés abiótico, fenoles, gipsófitos.
Agradecimientos: Financiado por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (proyecto CGL2008-00438/BOS), con contribución de fondos FEDER
de la UE.
56
E1-P06
Medicinal and food uses of Euphorbia's in three regions of the Basque Country
R. Alarcon, C. Priestley, M. Heinrich
The School of Pharmacy, GlaxoSmithKline. [email protected]. Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, The School of
Pharmacy, University of London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX
Background: In three geographical areas of the Basque Country (Spain), non-cultivated Euphorbia species are used people both
as food and medicines.
Objectives: The main goal of this study is a critical assessment of the biocultural role of the genus Euphorbia, of which there are
five local species.
Methods: Information was collected using semi-structured and structured ethnobotanical interviews. SPSS was used to analyze
the data.
Results and conclusions: Out of 255 plant species used, 5 species correspond to the genus Euphorbia: E. peplis L., E. peplus L., E.
serrata L., E. villosa Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd., and E. sp. The local name for all of them is "Lechetreznas". Overall the uses are divided
into two main categories Edible and Medicinal/Functional. With respect to the use reports (total: 6572), 0.8% corresponded to uses
of the genus for medicinal/functional purposes and 0.3% to edible examples of medicinal uses include: All "Lechetreznas" are used
for clearing the skin from moles, warts and other skin infections, and are considered to have anti-bacterial and anti-viral properties (Local information). Examples of food uses include: In the past people used the latex of Euphorbia ssp. especially Euphorbia
peplus to prepare cheese. One of the main local uses is for skin complaints and, demonstrating the value of local knowledge to
indicate medicinal properties of potential commercial value, The Euphorbiaceae is an example of a family for which the use report
shows a relatively low frequency of use; however there are both food and medicinal uses. Probably the reasons why use is low
is since modern techniques are available such as removal of moles using surgery or creams. On the other hand, Euphorbia peplus
is currently developed for the treatment of skin cancer. Ogbourne et al. (2007). The Lechetreznas are a plant complex where the
individual species have similar uses (Linares et al. 1987). The Basque bio-cultural diversity allows switching from one species to
another according to availability, people’s needs, and local traditions.
Keywords: Euphorbia, medicinal plants, Lechetreznas. food, medicines
E1-P07
An Ethnobotanical study in Navarra (Spain)
M.I. Calvo a, S. Akerreta b, R.Y. Cavero b
a
Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea s/n, 31008 Pamplona,
Spain. b Department of Plant Biology (Botany), Faculty of Sciences, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea s/n, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
Background: An ethnobotanical and medical study was carried out in Navarra, a region known both for its high biological diversity
and its cultural significance.
Objectives: To collect, analyze and evaluate the Ethnobotany knowledge about medicinal plants in a northern Iberian region
(Navarra, 10421 km2, 620377 inhabitants).
Methods: Fieldwork was carried out from 2004 to 2007 (1). We performed semi-structured interviews with 667 informants (mean
age 72; 56% women, 44% men), identified the plant reported and analyzed the results. The data was analyzed using quantitative
indexes.
Results and conclusions: We recorded 3770 use-reports of the 287 medicinal plants cited, belonging to 63 botanical families
(Compositae, Labiatae and Rosaceae, mainly). The most important species are Santolina chamaecyparissus ssp. squarrosa, Chamaemelum nobile y Urtica dioica. The folk knowledge about medicinal plant use is still alive in Navarra. The obtained results can
use for new scientific studies.
Keywords: Traditional plant Knowledge; Quantitative Ethnobotany; Medicinal plants.
Acknowledgments: We thank all our informants, who were happy to share with us their knowledge. This study has been subsidized by a
grant from the Navarra Government, and the Foundation Universidad de Navarra.
References: 1. Akerreta, S., 2009. Etnobotánica farmacéutica en Navarra: del uso tradicional de las plantas medicinales a su evidencia
científica. PhD Thesis, Faculty of Science, University of Navarra, 831pp. 1 CD.
E1-P08
57
Plantas tóxicas utilizadas tradicionalmente como insecticidas y repelente de insectos en Las Arribes del Duero (centro-oeste de España)
J.A. González, M. García-Barriuso, F. Amich
Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Unamuno, E-37071, Salamanca, España.
Grupo participante en la "Red Iberoamericana de Saberes y Prácticas Locales sobre el Entorno Vegetal" (RISAPRET, CYTED).
Antecedentes: Algunas plantas, debido a su toxicidad u olor desagradable, han sido empleadas tradicionalmente como insecticidas o repelente de insectos por los habitantes de Las Arribes del Duero (Salamanca-Zamora), una comarca fronteriza con
Portugal caracterizada por una fuerte regresión demográfica y una población apoyada en una economía de subsistencia centrada
principalmente en la ganadería
Objetivos: Recopilar el uso de diferentes plantas como remedio para el tratamiento de ectoparásitos de los animales domésticos
y como elementos de protección de los cultivos agrícolas y de los alimentos almacenados y ropas
Métodos: La información ha sido obtenida mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas con 80 personas (44 hombres y 36 mujeres,
rango de edad = 45-98 años, media = 72 años)
Resultados y conclusiones: A modo de ejemplo, el torvisco se emplea para combatir el piojo de la gallina o contra las pulgas,
colgando una ramita en el gallinero o pulverizando el establo con el agua en la que previamente se ha sumergido la raíz. Asimismo,
se combina con jara, que actúa como "atrapapiojos" al quedarse éstos atrapados en sus hojas pegajosas. También se colocaban
unas ramas de jara en el melonar para atraer a la "melera" (un pulgón). Hojas de laurel se metían entre los garbanzos y alubias
para evitar la proliferación de gorgojos. Y, aún hoy en día, es muy común el uso como "antipolilla" de unas ramitas secas de lavanda
metidas en un saco de tela entre la ropa
Palabras clave: Plantas tóxicas, insecticidas, repelentes, Arribes del Duero, España.
E1-P09
Ethnobotany in the Cantabrian mountains: Cofiñal (León)
A. Alonso, C. Acedo, F. Llamas
Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071, León, España. [email protected]
Background: In the last past years, several studies have been carried out in the province of León. Nevertheless, the Cantabrian
Mountains are poorly studied, there is only an ethnobotanical study about the Picos de Europa (1) collecting information about
Sajambre and Valdeón.
Objectives: The main goal of this work is to make an approach to the knowledge of the popular names and traditional uses of
plants known by people in a village in the Cantabrian Mountains, Cofiñal, province of León (Spain), and to know which of them
continue in use, and which of them are now abandoned.
Methods: The study period covers the years 2008-2010. To get the information we made consecutive personal interviews of non
structures type (with open and direct questions). When the interviewed remembered, we took data about the plant parts to use,
which is the time to harvest it, and how to use it. To compile this information we had to walk to the country with the interviewed
people, usually in summertime. During the interview, we collected every recognized plant, or those they knew any important information, writing down its popular name and data we were getting. Then, we identified them in the laboratory, to get its scientific
name. All these vouchers are deposed in the herbarium LEB. Taking into account that popular knowledge in rural areas is getting
poorer and poorer, we have included the full data we got, even with a single reference of any use or species.
Results and conclusions: We got 43 popular names, and 15 different uses of 24 taxa. Most of the taxa belong to 25 families
(Fabaceae, Rosaceae and Asteraceae contain 60% of the taxa) and 41 genera.
Keywords: Cofiñal, Cantabrian range, Ethnobotany
Acknowledgments: Paulino González, Diego Alonso Merino.
References: 1. Lastra Menéndez J.J. Etnobotánica en el Parque Nacional de Picos de Europa, Oviedo: Organismo Autónomo de Parques
Nacionales, 2003.
58
E1-P10
Uso de plantas medicinales en la farmacia comunitaria en la zona norte de Cáceres (España)
M.T. Sáenz, A.M. Quilez, M.D. García
Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla. C/ Profesor García González nº 2, 41012 Sevilla (España)
Antecedentes: En nuestro país se está produciendo un aumento significativo del uso de "remedios alternativos" que proceden
de los antiguos remedios tradicionales ahora reavivados o bien de nuevas prácticas curativas o remedios exóticos introducidos
recientemente
Objetivos: El objetivo de este trabajo es contribuir al conocimiento de las plantas medicinales utilizadas en medicina popular en
la zona norte de la provincia de Cáceres
Métodos: Se ha realizado una encuesta a 176 personas con edades comprendidas entre 14 y 87 años, de ambos sexos (112♀ y
64♂) y diferente nivel social.
Resultados y conclusiones: Los rangos de edad son: 14-40 años: 53 (30.11%); 41-60 años: 72 (40.90%); + de 60: 51 (28.98%).
Consumen productos naturales con fines terapéuticos: 58%, de los cuales el 19% emplea plantas medicinales, el 27% preparados
fitoterapéuticos y el 20% ambas formas.
Principalmente se utilizan en patologías digestivas (67%), tratamientos adelgazantes (24%), trastornos circulatorios (7%) y otras
patologías (2%). En el 84% de los casos no lo prescribe el médico, pero se lo recomiendan amigos, familiares, ellos mismos, e
incluso se informan a través de los medios de comunicación. En el 85% de los casos se les resuelve bien el problema.
Muchos de ellos lo toman conjuntamente con otras especialidades farmacéuticas
Un 32% toman estos remedios habitualmente, y en muchos casos incluso llevan varios años sin notar ningún efecto adverso (solo
un 4%).
Mayoritariamente adquieren estos productos en centros comerciales.
Palabras clave: Plantas medicinales, Cáceres, Etnofarmacología.
E1-P11
Revalorización del consumo de plantas comestibles silvestres de la provincia de Alicante (España)
C. Obón, A. Romojaro, M.T. Pretel
Depto. Biología Aplicada, Universidad Miguel Hernández, EPSO, Ctra. Beniel Km 3.2, 03312-Orihuela (Alicante). Spain
Antecedentes: El conocimiento del consumo tradicional de las plantas comestibles silvestres y su apreciación por el consumidor
actual podría suponer una proyección a medio plazo sobre el sistema productivo del medio rural ya que se podrían abrir nuevos
campos de desarrollo a base de recursos naturales de la zona y dar lugar a nuevas fuentes de explotación racional.
Objetivos: Realizar una revisión sobre el uso alimentario de diversas especies de plantas comestibles silvestres de la provincia
de Alicante y las formas tradicionales de preparación, así como analizar en el laboratorio algunas características organolépticas
(sabores, aromas y texturas) que puedan ser apreciadas por el consumidor actual.
Métodos: Se hace una revisión de la bibliografía disponible de la provincia de Alicante así como de la investigación llevada a
cabo por nuestro equipo sobre el consumo tradicional de plantas silvestres. El análisis sensorial de las plantas lo realizó un grupo
de diez catadores entrenados.
Resultados y conclusiones: Todas las acelgas se consumen cocidas acompañadas con otras verduras (bullit). El uso del espárrago y el hinojo está muy difundido tanto en la Comunidad Valenciana como fuera de ella. El raïmet de pastor (en salmuera), la
llengua d´ovella y todas las especies estudiadas pertenecientes a la familia Asteráceas se consumen en ensalada. La mayoría de
las plantas tienen sabores, aromas y texturas aceptables, excepto el raïmet de pastor cocido, aunque cuando se preparó en salmuera fue bien valorado por los catadores, reconociendo así su gran popularidad en la provincia de Alicante. Nuestros resultados
muestran que la revalorización de plantas comestibles silvestres es posible y se podría favorecer la permanencia y fomentar el
cultivo de muchas de ellas, lo que aumentaría la diversidad de nuestra dieta.
Palabras clave: Plantas comestibles silvestres, provincia de Alicante.
E1-P12
59
Control de calidad de achicoria en las herboristerías de la ciudad de Valencia
M.T. Barquero a, I. Martínez Solís b, J. Güemes c
a
Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera. b SEPLAN Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera Universidad de Valencia. c Universidad de Valencia. Jardín
Botánico ICBIBE.
Antecedentes: La achicoria (Cichorium intybus L.) es una planta medicinal tradicionalmente utilizada como sucedáneo del café,
fundamentalmente por sus principios amargos (1) y por su aroma característico debido a la acetofenona, sobre todo (2). Además
tiene efecto colagogo y laxante. La droga que nos ocupa es la raíz de la planta, cuyo uso ha decaído en los últimos años debido a
la introducción de productos descafeinados de agradable sabor. No obstante, continua vendiéndose en todas las herboristerías de
la ciudad de Valencia, de ahí que consideremos la necesidad de un control de este material vegetal de uso alimentario.
Objetivos: a)obtención de los caracteres diferenciales morfológicos e histológicos de la droga y b)aplicación de los caracteres en
el control de calidad de la droga en preparados comerciales.
Método: Se realiza un estudio morfológico y histológico de la planta de achicoria sobre material fresco y pliego del herbario (VAL.
188062), para obtener la caracterización de la droga. Posteriormente, se aplican los caracteres al análisis de 10 muestras obtenidas en 10 herboristerías distintas de la ciudad de Valencia.
Resultados y conclusiones: La droga de la achicoria es la raíz de la planta, fácilmente reconocible morfológicamente. Respecto
a la histología, lo más característico es el sistema vascular, un xilema dispuesto en amplios radios y conservando restos del mismo
que inervan raíces de alto orden.
Respecto a las 10 muestras analizadas, dos de ellas no contienen la droga, cuatro presentan raíz de achicoria y otras partes de la
planta y cuatro solamente contienen raíz, de las cuales dos están contaminadas con insectos y gusanos.
A la vista de los resultados, quizá por mala práctica de recolección y/o de conservación, se producen adulteraciones y contaminaciones que provocan la inseguridad en el consumo de la achicoria que ofrecen las herboristerías de la ciudad de Valencia.
Referencias: 1. Cañigueral, S. y Vanaclocha B., Vademecum de Prescripción. Editorial Masson, Barcelona 2003, págs. 90-94. 2. Mulet L.,
Flora Toxica de la Comunidad Valenciana, Editorial Gráficas Castañ, Onda Castellón, pags. 133-134.
E1-P13
Estudio etnofarmacológico de Euphorbia lactea Haw.
M.D. García, M.A. Fernández, R. Puerta, M.T. Saenz
Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, España. C/Profesor García González, nº 2, 41012 Sevilla.
Antecedentes: Muchas especies del género Euphorbia son ampliamente conocidas por la aplicación de su latex para distintas
dolencias (1, 2). En Republica Dominicana, se usa el látex de Euphorbia lactea Haw., via tópica, en algunas poblaciones campesinas
para eliminar verrugas y micosis de pies y manos y para tratar dolores dentales. En este último caso se coloca el latex en la pieza
dental produciendo un efecto corrosivo y aliviando el dolor y la inflamación.
Objetivos: Queremos valorar el nivel de uso en medicina popular de esta especie.
Método: Para llevar a cabo el trabajo hemos realizado un estudio etnofarmacológico, consistente en una encuesta sobre el uso
de esta planta entre la población de Barahona (República Dominicana), donde se utiliza como remedio para las dolencias dentales,
ya que hay difícil acceso a los odontólogos. Se entrevistaron 186 personas de ambos sexos (63% mujeres y 37% varones) de
diferentes edades y pertenecientes a distintas unidades familiares y categorías profesionales y sociales, a los que se les preguntó
sobre tres cuestiones fundamentales: Datos demográficos generales, accesos a servicios de salud y uso de plantas medicinales y
en concreto la especie estudiada E. lactea.
Resultados y conclusiones: Siempre se emplea el látex de la planta por via tópica, recolectada por miembros de la familia, sin
que influya la hora de recolección. El estado civil no tiene influencia significativa en su uso, no así el sexo: hombres (76.8%) y en
edades comprendidas entre 40-50 años. El nivel de educación influye notablemente, siendo la población analfabeta o con niveles
de estudio primarios, los usuarios más habituales (80%).
Palabras clave: Euphorbia lactea Haw., látex, Etnofarmacología.
Acknowledgments: Agradecemos a la AECI la financiación de este proyecto.
Referencias: 1. Bruneton, J., Farmacognosia, Ed.Acribia, Zaragoza, 2001. 2. Lanhers,M.C., Fleurentin et al., Planta Med. 57(3), 225-231.
60
E1-P14
Antioxidant components in strawberry-tree fruits (Arbutus unedo L.)
B.M. Ruiz a, P. Morales b, V. Fernández a, M.C. Sánchez a, M. Cámara a, M. Molina c, J. Tardío c
a
Dpto. Nutrición y Bromatología II. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pl. Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain. b Universidad Internacional Valenciana (VIU). c IMIDRA, Finca El Encín, Apdo. 127, 28800, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España.
Background: Wild plants have historically been an important complement to diet in rural areas of the Mediterranean region. Last
trends in human nutrition include an increasing interest on wild species as potential sources of bioactive compounds or functional
foods.
Objectives: To evaluate the content of some bioactive compounds in the fruits of Arbutus unedo L., a Mediterranean species
traditionally consumed in Spain.
Methods: Samples were gathered in two different areas from Central and Western Spain. They were analysed for vitamin C,
both as ascorbic acid (AA) and dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) by HPLC, carotenoids by HPLC and phenols by Folin-Ciocalteau method.
Results and conclusions: The samples analysed have showed much higher levels of vitamin C than many conventional fruits
(133-262 mg/100 g), being AA the major form, with a high antioxidant activity. Carotenoids were -carotene the predominant one.
Phenols were quantified, being in levels of 624-1961 mg/100 g. Due to the presence of these components, with demonstrated
antioxidant activity, strawberry-tree fruits can be good sources of bioactive compounds and its intake could contribute to enhance
the quality of the diet.
Keywords: Strawberry-tree fruits, Arbutus unedo L., antioxidants, vitamin C.
E1-P15
Management and sustainable use of medicinal and aromatic plants as a contribution to the valorisation of the rural areas – an ethnobotanical approach
E. Bettencourt a, S. Dias b, F. Rocha c, V.R. Lopes c, A.M. Barata c, A.M. Carvalho d
a
Genetic Resources, Ecophysiology and Plant Bredding Unit, Instituto Nacional dos Recursos Biológicos, I.P., Quinta do Marquês, 2784-505
Oeiras, Portugal. b Bioversity International, Via dei Tre Denari, 472/a, 00057 Rome, Italy. c Banco Português de Germoplasma Vegetal/Instituto Nacional de Recursos Biológicos, I.P., Quinta S. José, S. Pedro de Merelim, 4700-859 Braga, Portugal. d CIMO/Escola Superior Agrária,
Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Apartado 1172, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal. [email protected]
Background: Since the antiquity plants have been used by Man for food, condiment as well as for their therapeutic properties. At
present, it is estimated that 70% of the drugs used in modern medicine are of plant origin.
Objectives: The study aims to collect, conserve and characterise the genetic diversity of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAP) and
to document cultural heritage and traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) related with their use.
Methods: The study was implemented through an ethnobotanical approach, which recorded plant-use and TEK, and the systematic collecting, conservation, characterisation and documentation of plant germplasm.
Results and conclusions: A total of 1107 people were interviewed resulting in 1386 ethnobotanical questionnaires, covering
vast and diverse regions of Portugal. Standards for morphological characterisation were developed for those species for which
internationally proposed standards did not exist. A total of 213 samples, representing nine Genera, were collected, conserved,
characterised and documented in the Portuguese Gene Bank.
Keywords: MAP, Ethnobotany, Traditional knowledge, Germplasm characterisation and conservation.
E1-P16
61
Conocimiento y uso tradicional de las setas en el Poniente Granadino, España.
G. Benítez, J. Molero Mesa, M.R. González-Tejero
Departamento de Botánica, Universidad de Granada. Campus Universitario de Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, España.
Antecedentes: Desde el surgimiento de la Etnomicología, parte de los esfuerzos se han centrado en el conocimiento de los hongos alimenticios. En Andalucía, como en otras zonas consideradas micófobas, cada vez son más los aficionados a la recolección,
aumentando el número de especies conocidas y consumidas. Este incremento, motivado por diversos motivos, aleja cada vez más
el saber tradicional del académico.
Objetivos: Profundizar en el conocimiento de los hongos aprovechados tradicionalmente en el Poniente Granadino desde una
perspectiva etnobiológica. Recopilar sus nombres vernáculos, usos tradicionales, formas de preparación y contrastar los resultados
con trabajos generales sobre especies alimenticias y tóxicas.
Métodos: La obtención de información ha sido mediante entrevistas abiertas y semiestructuradas. En ocasiones con informantes
previamente seleccionados mediante cuestionarios cerrados y seleccionados por su supuesto mayor conocimiento. La información
se ha validado con material recolectado en las salidas de campo con los informantes, identificando el material en el departamento
de botánica. Se han depositado testigos en el herbario de la U. de Granada.
Resultados y conclusiones: Este trabajo incluye un total de 28 taxones (especies o grupos de especies) de un total de 17 familias. El empleo tradicional de los hongos en el territorio se centra en la micofagia. Consideramos que 16 taxones se consumen
de forma tradicional con mayor o menor frecuencia, y otros 7 son conocidos y empleados con menor carácter tradicional. Hemos
encontrado especies que se consumían tradicionalmente cuyo uso ha quedado obsoleto y varias especies de "nueva incorporación" que sólo algunos recolectan y consumen. Se recogen las especies consideradas tóxicas y usos medicinales puntuales de las
especies.
Palabras clave: Etnomicología, hongos, setas, Granada, España.
E1-P17
Aplicaciones etnofarmacológicas de la ortiga (Urtica dioica L.) en la provincia de La Coruña (Galicia, España)
J.A. Latorre Catalá
Departamento de Botánica de la Facultad de Farmacia de Valencia.
Antecedentes: No existen estudios etnofarmacológicos de esta planta en esta provincia, aunque si hay referencias bibliográficas
de su uso. La Urtica dioica L. está considerada como planta medicinal según la Farmacopea Española 3ª Edición.
Objetivos: Recopilar los usos tradicionales de la Urtica dioica L., establecer la acción farmacológica y contrastarla con los usos
científicos documentados.
Métodos: Entrevistas a 240 informantes previamente seleccionados. Identificación botánica de las muestras vegetales recogidas
y posterior tratamiento informático de los datos obtenidos. Contrastación bibliográfica de los resultados.
Resultados y conclusiones: Un 50% de los 240 informantes del estudio la utiliza o la ha utilizado, encontrando un total de 137
referencias de uso (incluidos usos veterinarios y alimentarios) en 56 ayuntamientos distintos. Ubicados en 17 de las 18 comarcas
de la provincia de La Coruña. La mayoría de los usos etnofarmacológicos citados por los informantes, p.ej: para bajar la tensión,
para las anemias, para orinar, para la úlcera de estomago, para los sabañones, para la hinchazón de piernas, para los hemorroides,
como depurativa, para la caspa y el crecimiento del cabello, han podido relacionarse con acciones farmacológicas contrastadas:
acción diurética, antianémica, cicatrizante, rubefaciente, activadora de circulación, antiinflamatoria, depurativa, remineralizante,
antiseborreica, estimulante del crecimiento capilar.
Palabras clave: Ortiga, Urtica dioica L., Etnofarmacología, plantas medicinales, La Coruña
Agradecimientos: A los Dres. G. Stübing y J.B. Peris, del Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia de Valencia.
62
E1-P18
Conservación de variedades tradicionales de frutales de la Sierra Norte de Madrid
L. Aceituno Mata, E. Montero González, M. Pardo de Santayana, M. Molina, J. Tardío
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. C/ Darwin, 2, 28049, Madrid, España.
Antecedentes: En la Sierra Norte de Madrid se ha practicado una agricultura de subsistencia hasta los años 60, en la que las variedades tradicionales diversificaban la dieta. En la actualidad sólo se mantiene el cultivo de huertos familiares y árboles frutales.
Las zonas rurales de montaña son un refugio para la diversidad agrícola. Sin embargo, sólo las personas mayores conservan las
variedades tradicionales y el saber local sobre ellas, por lo que corren el riesgo de perderse.
Objetivos: 1) Recoger y sistematizar el saber popular sobre las variedades tradicionales de frutales, 2) Recolectar material vegetal
para su conservación en un banco de germoplasma.
Métodos: Se han realizado entrevistas semiestructuradas a 60 personas sobre la morfología y el manejo tradicional de las variedades, su origen y vigencia, formas de consumo, capacidad de conservación y valoración según sus criterios. Se han recolectado
yemas e injertado sobre patrones francos para crear una colección viva de variedades tradicionales de frutales.
Resultados y conclusiones: Se ha documentado el uso de 73 variedades tradicionales de 11 especies de frutales. Destaca la
gran diversidad de manzanos, perales, ciruelos y cerezos. Hasta el momento se dispone de una colección de 55 variedades que va
a ser ampliada. Las variedades son valoradas por su sabor, conservación, precocidad o seguridad en la cosecha. Antes se mantenía
la diversidad porque aseguraba llenar la despensa de fruta todo el año. Actualmente las variedades tradicionales se conservan
principalmente por su sabor y su uso en platos tradicionales.
Palabras clave: Banco de germoplasma, variedades tradicionales, frutales, Etnobotánica, Madrid.
Agradecimientos: Investigaciones financiadas por IMIDRA (FP03-DR3, FP05-DR-ETNO, FP07-DR2 y FP10-FRUT).
References: 1. Vogl-Lukasser, B. & C.R. Vogl (2002). En R. Bottarin, U. Tappeiner (eds.): Interdisciplinary Mountain Research: 264-273.
Blackwell, London
E1-P19
Usos tradicionales y recientes de la palmera datilera y especies próximas (Phoenix, Arecaceae)
en el SE de España
D. Rivera a, C. Obón b, A. Alonso b, F. Alcaraz a, E. Laguna c
Universidad de Murcia, [email protected]. b Universidad Miguel Hernández. c Consellería de Medio Ambiente, Agua, Urbanismo y Vivienda.
Centro para la Investigación y Experimentación Forestal.
a
Antecedentes: La palmera datilera ha sido un recurso básico en el SE de España. La existencia de palmeras junto a las casas,
huertos de palmeras, o palmerales históricos, como los de Orihuela, Elche o Alicante se debe a la actividad de campesinos y de
los palmereros.
Objetivos: Conocer los usos y el manejo tradicional de la palmera en el SE de España.
Métodos: Trabajo de campo con entrevistas abiertas y semiestructuradas a personas seleccionadas por sus conocimientos sobre
las palmeras en sus ambientes de trabajo (huertos, tiendas de dátiles en Elche, puestos en mercados al aire libre. Revisión de la
bibliografía existente.
Resultados y conclusiones: Todas las partes de la palmera datilera son utilizadas y los usos para los que se emplean son muy
diversos. Las categorías de uso detectadas son: Comestibles, Ceremoniales, Religiosos, Lúdicos, Combustible, Construcción, Medicinales, Forrajera, Jardinería (Ornamental), Licorería, Artesanía, Apicultura, Textil, Cestería, Escobas. Sobre esta base se desarrolló
en el Siglo 20 un activo negocio de producción de palmeras ornamentales en viveros y campos, implicando el cultivo de más de 10
especies diferentes de Phoenix y de sus híbridos.
Palabras clave: Palmera, Etnobotánica, medicina popular.
Agradecimientos: Proyecto INIA RF2007-00010-C03
63
E1-P20Estudio sobre la biodiversidad agrícola en la Alpujarra granadina
J.M. Romero, M.R. González-Tejero, J. Molero, G. Bénitez
Dpto Botánica, Univ. Granada, [email protected]
Antecedentes: La importante pérdida de variedades de cultivo locales, tanto de frutales como de cultivos herbáceos, que se está
produciendo en Andalucía, ha hecho que distintas asociaciones y administraciones, preocupadas por el tema, impulsen el desarrollo de trabajos encaminados a inventariar los recursos fitogenéticos de interés agrícola de forma que se puedan abordar proyectos
de desarrollo económico y al mismo tiempo se pongan a punto técnicas de conservación y manejo de este tipo de recursos y del
importante patrimonio cultural que llevan asociados. En este trabajo se aportan los resultados obtenidos en el estudio realizado
en la Alpujarra granadina, una de las zonas andaluzas que conserva, aun hoy en día, un gran número de variedades locales (López
González et al. 2008)
Objetivos: a) Inventariar y sistematizar la biodiversidad agrícola de la zona, recolectando muestras de germoplasma. b) Recoger
el conocimiento campesino asociado a los cultivares tradicionales, su importancia, usos, criterios, procedimientos de selección,
indicaciones operacionales en el manejo, caracterización, taxonomías tradicionales, etc.
Métodos: Se han utilizado las técnicas habituales en Etnobotánica, realización de entrevistas abiertas y semiestructuradas y
técnicas de participación observativa. Esto requiere una estrecha relación entre el investigador y los habitantes, por lo que un
investigador del proyecto ha permanecido de forma continuada en la zona de estudio. La información se ha registrado principalmente mediante notas escritas. Se han realizado fotografías de cultivos y agricultores y, en algún caso, videos del manejo de los
cultivos. Se ha realizado una base de datos (ACCESS) con la siguiente información: a) Registro numerado de las muestras, donante,
localidad, fecha b) Tabla de donantes, localidad de origen, edad y datos para su localización c) Tabla de semillas, denominaciones
populares y nombre científico
Resultados y conclusiones: Se ha contactado con 120 informantes, fundamentalmente en la Alta Alpujarra, visitando 23 localidades y 12 cortijos en las sierras Se obtuvieron 467 muestras de germoplasma, pertenecientes a 34 especies o subsp de 16
familias botánicas En el huerto experimental, se cultivaron más de 40 variedades locales, de las que se pudieron obtener datos
para su evaluación.
Palabras clave: Agroecología, Recursos Fitogenéticos, Alpujarra granadina.
E1-P21
Aproximación al conocimiento etnomicológico en Castilla-La Mancha (Spain)
J. Fajardo, A. Verde, A. Valdés, D. Rivera, C. Obón
Jardín Botánico de Castilla-La Mancha. [email protected]
Antecedentes: En este trabajo se exponen los conocimientos etnomicológicos recopilados por el equipo de autores en su trabajo
de campo por Castilla-La Mancha (España). Desde un punto de vista conceptual y metodológico, se aborda el tema bajo una perspectiva etnobiológica. Por otra parte, se analiza la evolución de estos conocimientos y sus características diferenciales.
Objetivos: Recopilar el conocimiento tradicional relacionado con los hongos. Realizar un catálogo de especies conocidas y usadas
en Castilla-La Mancha. Analizar y estudiar la importancia y significado de este recurso natural en el sistema tradicional de conocimientos etnobiológicos.
Métodos: El trabajo de campo, se enmarca en una investigación mucho más amplia, etnobiológica, desarrollada por los autores
desde hace veinte años. La información expuesta se ha obtenido por una parte, a través de entrevistas abiertas, cuya información
se recoge en los cuadernos de campo de los autores y por otra, mediante la revisión de trabajos específicos en el tema o relacionados con la Etnobotánica, Etnobiología o Etnografía. Estos datos han sido almacenados en la base de datos de Etnobiología en la
que estamos trascribiendo nuestro trabajo de campo.
Resultados y conclusiones: En este trabajo se expone el primer catálogo etnomicológico regional, es decir la lista de especies
de hongos conocidos popularmente, que ascendería a 80 taxones. Se citan 288 nombres comunes de hongos, entendiendo cada
referencia ligada a un taxón (un mismo nombre común aplicado a dos taxones distintos, lo consideramos como dos nombres comunes diferentes). Si consideramos únicamente los hongos recolectados como alimento, encontramos que se recogen 62 taxones
distintos.
Palabras clave: Castilla-La Mancha, etnomicobiota, Etnomicología.
64
E1-P22
Los caracoles como alimento tradicional en Albacete. Recolección y consumo
J. Fajardo, A. Verde, A. Valdés, D. Rivera D, C. Obón
Jardín Botánico de Castilla-La Mancha, [email protected]
Antecedentes: Los caracoles se consumen tradicionalmente como alimento en diversas zonas del mundo. Tienen formas de preparación exclusivas y su contribución a la dieta anual es testimonial ya que los caracoles terrestres son un recurso de temporada.
En gran parte de España son muy valorados tradicionalmente e intervienen en numerosas recetas y preparaciones culinarias. En
Albacete es un recurso biológico de gran importancia cultural.
Objetivos: Recopilar el conocimiento tradicional relacionado con los caracoles terrestres. Analizar y estudiar la importancia y
significado de este recurso natural en el sistema tradicional de conocimientos etnobiológicos. Realizar un catálogo de especies
conocidas y usadas en la provincia de Albacete.
Métodos: El método de trabajo llevado a cabo es una revisión etnobiológica tanto de los datos publicados como de la investigación llevada a cabo por nuestro equipo de trabajo de la recolección y consumo tradicional de caracoles terrestres en la provincia
de Albacete.
Resultados y conclusiones: En este trabajo se recogen 8 especies de caracoles terrestres recolectados y/o consumidos en la
provincia de Albacete. Constatamos al mismo tiempo, la importancia cultural de este recurso biológico en nuestra área de trabajo,
donde es un ingrediente importante en la gastronomía tradicional. También se usan en medicina popular y están firmemente
anclados en la cultura popular.
Palabras clave: Albacete, Etnobiología, Alimentos Locales, Caracoles terrestres.
E1-P23
Efeito da uva (Vitis vinifera) sobre a expressão do NF-kB na colite experimental
A. Luiz-Ferreira, A.a, R.J. Dunder b, A.C.A. Almeida a, E.A.R. Socca a, F.M. de Faria a, C. Takayama a, A.R.M. Souza-Brito a
a
b
Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Departamento Anatomia, Biologia Celular e Fisiologia e Biofísica, CP. 6109, Campinas, Brasil.
Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Departamento de Farmacologia, CP. 6111, Campinas, Brasil.
Doença inflamatória intestinal (DII) é caracterizada pela inflamação crônica do intestino que compreende duas condições: a retocolite ulcerativa (RCU) e a doença de Crohn (DC). O sistema imune da mucosa intestinal tem um papel central na patogênese
da DII. Em ambas, RCU e DC, o equilíbrio imunológico é severamente prejudicado, aumentando a expressão de mediadores próinflamatórios. O fator de transcrição nuclear kappa B (NF-kB) é um regulador-chave neste equilíbrio e está marcadamente aumentado na DII. Considerando sua capacidade de promover a expressão de vários genes pró-inflamatórios, ele influencia fortemente o
curso da inflamação da mucosa. Não existe um tratamento adequado e seguro para as DII, assim é interessante estudar agentes
que preferencialmente façam parte da dieta, no tratamento da mesma. Este trabalho avaliou a atividade anti-inflamatória da Uva
sobre a mucosa intestinal de animais com colite experimental. Para isso avaliou a ação da Uva sobre a expressão do NF-kB no modelo de colite experimental induzida pelo ácido trinitrobenzeno sulfônico (TNBS) em ratos machos Unib: WH (180-250 g) divididos
nos seguintes grupos: Salina, TNBS e Uva (0,5 g.kg-1). A colite foi induzida através da administração intra-retal do TNBS (10 mg)
diluído em etanol 50% (v/v). Os animais (n=8) foram pré-tratados durante 15 dias com Uva e, no 16º dia, receberam uma injeção
intra-retal de TNBS. Após a indução da colite os animais foram tratados durante 7 dias e, após este período, foram sacrificados
e tiveram seus intestinos retirados e processados para análise por Western Blotting. Os resultados foram expressos pela média
± e.p.m, análise de uma via (ANOVA) seguido pelo teste de Tukey. O grupo TNBS apresentou alta expressão do NF-kB; por outro
lado, o grupo Uva foi capaz de reduzir de maneira estaticamente significativa a expressão do mesmo quando comparado ao grupo
TNBS. O resultado indica uma atividade anti-inflamatória intestinal da Uva relacionada com a diminuição da expressão do NF-kB.
Palavras-chave: Doença Inflamatória Intestinal, Vitis vinifera.
E1-P24
65
Importancia de los estudios micromorfológicos y anatómicos en la identificación de drogas vegetales
L.M. Muñoz Centeno
Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca 37007.
La elaboración de monografías completas de las plantas medicinales de la Península Ibérica es uno de los pasos más importantes
para el conocimiento y conservación de nuestra flora medicinal. Estas monografías pueden constituir una valiosa información a la
hora de garantizar la calidad, seguridad, eficacia y control de calidad eficiente, necesarios para la comercialización y desarrollo
tecnológico de los fitofármacos. Las técnicas actuales de control de calidad están basadas en la identificación del material vegetal,
utilizando tanto los caracteres morfológicos como los perfiles cromatográficos que caracterizan a una droga vegetal.
Un buen estudio morfológico y anatómico de la droga es el primer paso hacia un control de calidad riguroso. La información morfológica y anatómica sustenta la identificación taxonómica convencional de la planta, a la cual se suman una serie de descripciones
macro y microscópicas de la parte utilizada que proporcionan los caracteres propios (parámetros de identificación) de la droga
vegetal. El estudio microscópico puede proporcionar una información más completa, sobre todo en muestras donde la droga está
dividida. Los caracteres anatómicos nos aportarán datos sobre estructuras celulares propias de cada taxón para así realizar una
identificación más minuciosa.
Se han elaborado una serie de monografías en las que uno de los apartados más relevantes es el estudio de los órganos oficinales.
En este apartado se ha hecho una descripción morfológica e histológica detallada de las drogas, previa fijación y posterior tinción.
Estos datos nos permitirán identificar la droga en trociscos y excluir las posibles adulteraciones.
Se expondrán los caracteres morfológicos y anatómicos más relevantes de algunas plantas medicinales utilizadas en España
como: Lavandula angustifolia Miller, Thymus vulgaris L., Inula helenium L., Chiliadenus glutinosus (L.) Fourr., etc.
E1-P25
Base de datos del Patrimonio etnobotánico y la conservación de recursos etnobotánicos de la
Región de Murcia
F. Alcaraz a, D. Rivera a, Y.E. Garrido a, C. Obón b, M.A. Carrión c, E. Carreño a
a
Universidad de Murcia, [email protected]. b Universidad Miguel Hernández, c Consejería de Agricultura y Agua de la Región de Murcia,
Dirección General del Medio Natural.
Antecedentes: La Región de Murcia, con una superficie de 11313 Km cuadrados y una población de 1446520 habitantes, presenta
una gran riqueza etnobotánica consecuencia de la biodiversidad cultural, que implica la posibilidad de interacciones con una flora
vascular de más de 3000 especies de plantas silvestres y cultivadas. La Ley Regional de Patrimonio pretende promover la conservación de los recursos etnobotánicos.
Métodos: Registro sistemático en una base de datos de la información etnobotánica publicada y de los resultados de entrevistas
inéditos. Se parte del Catálogo Regional de la Flora de Murcia como referencia para las especies, utilizando las bases Anthos,
Trópicos y Flora Ibérica para las especies no incluidas.
Resultados y conclusiones: Se han incluido cerca de 10000 registros procedentes del análisis de 36 publicaciones diferentes. Se
han recogido nombres y usos para más de 1500 especies de plantas silvestres y cultivadas. Por su número y diversidad destacan
los registros de usos medicinales (3822) y alimentación humana (897). Por comarcas destaca el Altiplano Jumilla – Yecla con más
de 1000 registros
Palabras clave: Etnobotánica, Patrimonio, Biodiversidad.
Agradecimientos: Comunidad Autónoma de Murcia, Proyecto PEPLAN, Subproyecto 6.
66
E1-P26
Toxic plants used as medicines in the region of Terra Chá (Northwest Iberian Peninsula)
J. Anllo Naveiras, S. Ortíz Nuñez
Laboratorio de Botánica. Universidad de Santiago de Compostela. Campus Sur. Santiago de Compostela. España.
Background: Given the high overlap between allopathic and traditional medicine in Terra Cha, we question the weaknesses of
therapy of oral transmission.
Objectives: Incidence of toxic plants among plants popularly used for medicinal purposes in this region.
Methods: We discuss the potential toxicity of the species studied, the incidence in different body systems and pediatric applications.
Results and conclusions: The proportion of toxic plants popularly used for medicinal purposes is low but enough to make empirical studies necessary to supplement experiment.
Keywords: Toxicity, plants of restricted use, Ethnopharmacology, Ethnobotany, pediatrics, traditionally used plants, Terra Chá, Northwest
Iberian Peninsula.
E1-P27
La alimentación de animales domésticos y la conservación de recursos etnobotánicos de la Región de Murcia
Y. E. Garrido a, F. Alcaraz a, D. Rivera a, C. Obón b, M.A. Carrión c, E. Carreño a
a
Universidad de Murcia, [email protected]. b Universidad Miguel Hernández. c Consejería de Agricultura y Agua de la Región
de Murcia.
Antecedentes: La Región de Murcia, con una superficie de 11313 Km cuadrados, presenta una gran riqueza etnobotánica, fruto
del desarrollo de una gran riqueza cultural en una ambiente a su vez enormente diverso en cuanto a flora. En el conjunto de España, la cabaña ganadera murciana supone el 9% del porcino, 5% del ovino, 3% del caprino y 1% del vacuno. La Ley Regional de
Patrimonio pretende promover la conservación de los recursos etnobotánicos, prestando un interés especial en la conservación de
los recursos pascícolas.
Objetivos: Registrar las especies vegetales tradicionalmente utilizadas como alimento de animales domésticos.
Métodos: Registro sistemático en una base de datos de la información etnobotánica publicada y de los resultados de entrevistas
inéditos. Se parte del Catálogo Regional de la Flora de Murcia como referencia para las especies, utilizando las bases Anthos,
Trópicos y Flora Ibérica para las especies no incluidas.
Resultados y conclusiones: En esta base de datos se recogen más de 500 entradas correspondientes a la alimentación de
animales domésticos, que hacen referencia a más de 200 especies vegetales incluidas en 45 familias botánicas diferentes. Las
familias botánicas más representativas son las leguminosas (36 especies), gramíneas (28 especies) y compuestas (26 especies). En
cuanto al tipo de animal al que van destinadas destacan en primer lugar los conejos, seguidos de cabras y ovejas. A su vez, se han
registrado hasta 27 especies vegetales reconocidas como perjudiciales en la alimentación de animales domésticos.
Palabras clave: Etnobotánica, Patrimonio, Biodiversidad, Ganadería.
Agradecimientos: Comunidad Autónoma de Murcia, Proyecto PEPLAN, Subproyecto 9.
E1-P28
67
Base de datos "Recursos Etnobiológicos de Castilla-La Mancha (España)"
A. Valdés, J. Botía, R. Roldán, A. Verde, J. Fajardo
Antecedentes: Dentro del trabajo del "Grupo de Investigación en Etnobiología, Flora y Vegetación del Sureste Ibérico" se esta
desarrollando una Base de Datos para recopilar, analizar y publicar los resultados de su trabajo en el campo de la Etnobiología
castellano-manchega, completados con la incorporación de las referencias bibliográficas existentes. La aplicación realizada funciona bajo Windows y usa Interbase como sistema gestor de base de datos.
Objetivos: Recopilar los recursos etnobiológicos de uso tradicional en Castilla-La Mancha, tanto vegetales como animales y
micológicos.
Poner al servicio del público en general esta información.
Ofrecer este recurso para posibles campos de aplicación práctica (desarrollo rural, ecoturismo, formación, fitoterapia, etc.)
Métodos: Trabajo de campo etnobiológico; entrevistas abiertas y semiestructuradas a personas seleccionadas por sus conocimientos tradicionales sobre los recursos biológicos (informantes).
Revisión bibliográfica de los antecedentes y publicaciones previas sobre el tema.
La aplicación se ha programado con Delphi 2007. La base de datos relacional es del orden de unas 200 tablas.
Resultados: Se han informatizado casi 16.000 registros que comprenden unos 8.000 nombres populares de animales, plantas y
hongos vinculados a más de 1.200 especies identificadas con su nombre científico, en su mayoría plantas.
Asimismo se vienen recopilando usos medicinales dentro de la base de datos, ligados principalmente a especies vegetales, con
más de 3000 registros.
Palabras clave: Etnobiología, Inventario etnobiológico, Castilla-La Mancha, Base de Datos, Programa.
E1-P29
Aspectos da Cadeia Produtiva de Butiá (Butia capitata (Mart.) Becc., Arecaceae) nos municípios
de Imbituba e Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil.
L.K. Antunes Sampaio a, b, P. Goulart a, N. Hanazaki a
a
Laboratório de Ecologia Humana e Etnobotânica, b Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, UFSC, Brasil. [email protected]
O Butiá, Butia capitata (Mart.) Becc., é uma Arecaceae abundante no litoral centro-sul do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. É
utilizado tradicionalmente curtido em cachaça e nos últimos anos tem tido sua polpa aproveitada em picolés e sorvetes. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever aspectos da cadeia produtiva e o processo de extrativismo do Butiá em dois municípios do sul do
Brasil. Foi realizado um estudo etnobotânico com os agricultores/pescadores artesanais e extratores de Imbituba através de 39
entrevistas semi-estruturadas sobre o conhecimento local e aspectos da cadeia produtiva. O butiá é coletado diariamente durante
a temporada (dezembro a março), é higienizado, empacotado e comercializado diretamente nas fabricas de sorvete de Imbituba
ou armazenado em freezer para comercialização no município vizinho; o mercado do butiá alcança até o município de Florianópolis
(a cerca de 80 km). As fábricas de sorvete de Florianópolis compram principalmente de uma agricultora local e apenas uma que
adquire de um coletor externo. Nas sorveterias o rendimento médio do kg de polpa é de 3,6 kg (± 0,822 kg) de produto, gerando em
média US$ 8,42 (± US$ 2,14) para cada US$1,00 investido. Para o coletor de butiá, o esforço de 2 horas diárias rende pelo menos
US$11,25 por dia, o que é mais do que o ganho em outras atividades. O butiá apresenta um grande potencial de complemento
de renda para as comunidades extratoras locais, podendo-se estimular formas de organização local, como o cooperativismo e o
cultivo de butiá de modo a manter essa prática com sustentabilidade ambiental, econômica e social para as comunidades locais.
Palavras-chave: Etnobotânica, extrativismo, desenvolvimento local
Agradecimentos: CAPES, CNPq, FAPESC, agricutores, extratores e fábricas de sorvete.
68
E1-P30
Etnoflora de los macerados hidroalcohólicos en la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares: frutos vs.
hierbas medicinales.
S. Ríos a, V. Martínez-Francés a, D. Rivera b
a
Estación Biológica Torretes-Font Roja, I.U. CIBIO, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Alicante, España. b Dep. Biología Vegeteal. Fac. de
Biología. Universidad de Murcia. E-30100. Murcia España.
Antecedentes: Aunque la consideración actual de estos preparados quede relegado mayormente a meros "digestivos", en su origen, el uso de estas plantas y/o frutos en macerados hidroalcohólicos tenían una finalidad medicinal mucho más clara y compleja (1).
Objetivos: Determinar las especies presentes en los macerados hidroalcohólicos ibéricos, así como sus usos y el origen en la
elaboración de dichos licores tradicionales.
Métodos: Se han realizado más de 500 entrevistas, individuales y/o colectivas, abiertas o semiestructuradas a informantes con
edades comprendidas entre 28 y 82 años, siendo aproximadamente el 70% de ellos varones.
Resultados y conclusiones: Dentro de los macerados, los vinos medicinales serían los más antiguos y su área de elaboración
abarca toda la Península y Baleares. Existe una clara separación geográfica entre macerados de frutas (y hierbas simples), frente
a las mezclas de hierbas altamente complejas. Una tradición muy arraigada en tisanas medicinales y la influencia de la Escuela de
Salerno a través del médico valenciano Arnau de Vilanova y del mallorquín Ramón Llull, pudo extender los macerados hidroalcohólicos por toda el área mediterránea iberolevantina y balear; lo que todavía perdura en las zonas montañosas y menos habitadas. Se
han reportado 190 especies utilizadas en los licores medicinales (25 frutos y 165 hierbas), principalmente de las familias botánicas
Labiadas, Rosáceas, Compuestas y Umbelíferas.
Palabras clave: Etnoflora, macerados hidroalcohólicos, medicina, Península Ibérica, Baleares.
Referencias: 1. Martínez-Francés, V, Ríos, S. in (Guillem, X. & Frasquet, G, (Eds.) Salut, alimentació i cultura al País Valencià. Gandí: CEIC
"Alfons el Magnànim"; 2009: 223-238.
E1-P31
Avaliação do monoterpeno β-mirceno nas úlceras gástrica e duodenal e seus mecanismos de
ação
F. Bonamin a, C.A.R.A. Costa b, L.R.M. da Rocha a, C.A. Hiruma-Lima a
a
Departamento de Fisiologia, IBB/UNESP-Botucatu/Brasil, b Departamento de Farmacologia, IBB/UNESP-Botucatu/Brasil.
Antecedentes: O β-mirceno é um monoterpeno proveniente de óleos essenciais de muitas plantas como o Citrus aurantium.
Objetivos: Determinar as atividades antiulcerogênica (gástrica e duodenal) e antioxidante do β-mirceno e também seus mecanismos de ação.
Métodos: Ratos Wistar machos foram utilizados (n=7; 150-200g) nos seguintes modelos: úlcera gástrica induzida por isquemiareperfusão (1); úlcera duodenal induzida por cisteamina (2). Os níveis de glutationa total e de mieloperoxidase foram mensurados. A
análise estatística considerou como nível de significância mínimo p<0,05.
Resultados e conclusões: A administração oral de 7,5 mg/Kg do monoterpeno diminuiu significantemente as lesões ulcerativas.
O β-mirceno protegeu a mucosa gástrica em 86% (7,34±2,71**) quando comparado ao controle negativo (37,85±3,35). O prétratamento com o β-mirceno também foi capaz de inibir a lesão duodenal induzida por cisteamina em 80% (0,6±0,25**) na dose de
7,5 mg/Kg enquanto que o controle positivo - Lansoprazol protegeu em 67% (1±0,32**) a mucosa. A atividade antiulcerogência do
β-mirceno se deve a ativação de ambos os fatores; a manutenção de elevado nível de glutationa e baixo nível de mieloperoxidase.
Palavras-chave: Úlcera, β-mirceno, antioxidantes.
Agradecimentos: CAPES
Referências: 1. Ueda, S. et al. (1989). Role of free radicals and lipid peroxidation in gastric mucosal injury induced by ischemia–reperfusion in rats. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 162, 55–58. 2. SZABO, S. (1987). Mechanisms of mucosal injury in the stomach and duodenum:
time-sequence analysis of morphologic, functional, biochemical and histochemical studies. Scand. J. Gastroenterology. 22(127): 21-28.
E2-O01
69
Evidencia arqueozoológica y etnográfica del uso de yunques óseos
A.M. Moreno García a, B.C. Pimenta b,
a
Instituto de Historia, CCHS, CSIC, Albasanz 26-28, 28037, Madrid, España. b Laboratório de Arqueozoologia, IGESPAR, I.P., Rua da Bica do
Marquês 2, 1300-087, Lisboa, Portugal
Antecedentes: La evidencia arqueológica y etnográfica en la Península Ibérica demuestra que la utilización de yunques de hueso
para dentar hoces es una práctica que se remonta al menos a época visigoda y que se ha mantenido viva hasta hace unas décadas (1, 2).
Objetivos: Este trabajo pretende documentar y evaluar a través de la Etnografía aspectos tecnológicos, socio-económicos y
culturales asociados al proceso artesanal en el que se utilizan yunques óseos, con el objetivo de mejorar la interpretación de los
contextos arqueológicos en los que estos objetos han sido recuperados.
Métodos: Se han realizado entrevistas a varios herreros, ya jubilados, en diferentes pueblos portugueses de la región transmontana de Miranda de Douro, siguiendo un cuestionario diseñado en función de los objetivos del estudio.
Resultados y conclusiones: Ha sido posible establecer: 1) el aprovisionamiento de materia prima; 2) la preferencia por determinados huesos y especies; 3) las ventajas de los yunques óseos frente a otros para dentar hoces; 4) su proceso de manufactura;
5) la variedad de objetos metálicos realizados sobre este tipo de soporte; 6) la estacionalidad de la actividad; 7) la transmisión de
esta práctica; etc. En resumen, por un lado se ha conseguido dar visibilidad a cuestiones que rara vez dejan huella en el registro
arqueológico y por otro, se ha recogido información de los últimos herreros que trabajan con yunques óseos.
Palabras clave: Yunque, hueso, hoces serradas, Península Ibérica, Etnografía, Arqueozoología
Referencias: 1. Moreno-García et al. (2005) Revista Portuguesa de Arqueologia; 8: 571-627. 2. Moreno-García et al. (2006) Promontoria
Monográfica; 3: 247-262.
E2-O02
Aproximación desde la Arqueobotánica a la producción comercial y a la alimentación de dos
enclaves portuarios del s IV a.C.. El Tossal de les Basses y la Illeta dels Banyets (Alicante)
G. Pérez Jordá
GI. Bioarqueología. IH. CCHS. CSIC
Antecedentes: Se trata de dos pequeños asentamientos portuarios (Tossal de les Basses y Illeta dels Banyets) del s IV a.C.
ubicados al N de la ciudad de Alicante. En su entorno se han detectado dos áreas artesanales muy destacadas, dedicadas tanto
a la actividad alfafera, como a la metalúrgica. Una de las principales actividades de estos asentamientos parece ser la comercialización por vía marítima de diferentes productos, entre los que destacarían diferentes frutales y alguno de los derivados que se
pueden obtener de ellos, como es el caso del vino.
Objetivos: El trabajo ha consistido en el análisis de los materiales carpológicos recuperados en diferentes campañas realizadas
en los dos yacimientos. Al muestrear tanto el interior de las viviendas, como diferentes estructuras que forman parte del área
artesanal, pretendíamos observar si podíamos aproximarnos por una parte a la alimentación de sus habitantes y por otra a definir
que productos agrarios podían tener una orientación comercial.
Métodos: El sistema de registro ha sido la recuperación sistemática de diferentes muestras de sedimento en cada una de las
estructuras y espacios excavados.
Se han diferenciado dos tipos de muestras, por un lado las que provienen de contextos secos, en las que el material se conserva
por carbonización. En este caso el material ha sido flotado, secado y triado. Por otra parte hay un conjunto de muestras que se han
recuperado dentro de diferentes pozos, dentro del agua. En este caso el sedimento se ha cribado con agua en el laboratorio y ha
sido seleccionado de forma inmediata y vuelto a sumergir en agua.
Resultados y conclusiones: La comparación de los materiales recuperados en los diferentes contextos analizados nos permite
observar como en el espacio de habitat lo que predominan son los cereales, la base de la dieta de sus habitantes. Por contra en el
área artesanal hay una presencia casi exclusiva de frutales (vid, olivo, higuera, etc) que hemos interpretado como la constatación
de una arboricultura orientada a la exportación tanto de frutales, como de derivados, es el caso del vino. Producto al que se destinarían los grandes lagares documentados y las ánforas producidas en los hornos, para el transporte de este producto en los barcos.
70
E2-O03
Estudio palinológico de Huerta Grande en el Generalife (Granada)
A. Medina, E. Martín-Consuegra, J.E. Hernández Bermejo
Dpto. Ciencias y Recursos Agrícolas y Forestales. Universidad de Córdoba, Campus Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, España
Antecedentes: Las Huertas del Generalife han sido parte de un paisaje cultural que se ha conservado a lo largo de al menos 700
años y que actualmente forma parte del entorno y patrimonio histórico integrado en el complejo de la Alhambra-Generalife. El presente trabajo forma parte de la Asistencia Técnica del Grupo de Investigación PAI-RNM 153 (Junta de Andalucía) para el Patronato
de la Alhambra bajo el título: "Programa de asesoramiento al Patronato de la Alhambra en el plan de conservación y gestión de las
Huertas del Generalife como parte del plan director de la Alhambra".
Objetivos: Identificar la flora agrícola de las Huertas del Generalife durante los diferentes periodos de ocupación humana.
Métodos: Se realizó la extracción de sedimentos de 3 calicatas excavadas en la denominada Huerta Grande del Generalife. La
extracción de polen se realizó según protocolo de Martín-Consuegra (1993) (1). Para la identificación de tipos polínicos se utilizaron
claves palinólogicas (2) y palinotecas de referencia.
Resultados y conclusiones: A partir de los diagramas polínicos de cada uno de los puntos muestreados se analizan los tipos
polínicos encontrados, con el fin de interpretar la flora agrícola de la Huerta Grande y de su entorno, desde periodos pre-nazaries
hasta la actualidad.
Palabras clave: Alhambra, Generalife, Arqueobotánica, polen, paisaje cultural, restauración.
Agradecimientos. Patronato de la Alhambra (Granada). Departamento de Botánica de la Universidad de Sevilla.
Referencias: 1. Martín-Consuegra Fernández E. (1993). Palinología y botánica histórica del complejo de Madinat al-Zahra. Tesis doctoral
Universidad de Córdoba. 2. Valdés, B. Diez, M.J.-Fernández, I. (Eds) (1987) Atlas Polínico de Andalucía Occidental. Instituto de Desarrollo
Regional 43. Universidad de Sevilla y Excma. Diputación de Cádiz.
E2-O04
La explotación de los recursos vegetales en el entorno de Irún (Guipúzcoa) en época medieval:
una aproximación desde la Arqueobotánica
L. Peña-Chocarro, M. Ruiz Alonso
Centro de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales, CSIC, Albasanz 26-28, 28037 Madrid, España
Antecedentes: La excelente conservación de los materiales orgánicos en condiciones anaeróbicas de los yacimientos que se
presentan en esta comunicación, ha permitido el estudio de un conjunto de materiales orgánicos (semillas y frutos) que rara vez se
documentan en contextos arqueológicos medievales.
Objetivos: Se pretende demostrar la importancia de los estudios arqueobotánicos en momentos históricos así como la importante
información recabada del estudio de estos materiales.
Métodos: Se analizan semillas y frutos conservados en condiciones anaeróbicas de varios yacimientos medievales, y se interpretan los resultados en el contexto de la explotación de los recursos vegetales en época medieval.
Resultados y conclusiones: Se han identificado numerosas especies entre las que destacan frutales (cerezos, guindos, melocotoneros, ciruelos, nísperos, vid, nogales, castaños, etc), así como se documenta la explotación de numerosos recursos vegetales
silvestres (endrinas, bellotas, avellanas, piñones, etc). Los datos aportados por este estudio, indican el desarrollo de una importante arboricultura, así como probablemente la gestión del medio por parte de las comunidades del entorno de Irún, y el desarrollo
de importantes intercambios comerciales.
Palabras clave: Arqueobotánica, Carpología, medieval.
E3-O01
71
Fitonimia y Etimología. La hierba de Santiago, Senecio jacobaea L., en textos botánicos árabes
andalusíes.
J. Bustamante Costa
Universidad de Cádiz. Estudios Árabes e Islámicos. [email protected]
Antecedentes: El fitónimo andalusí t ਼ rā šnah, que Ibn al-Bayt ਼ār citaba tomándolo de al-Ġ āfiqī, no había sido aún identificado desde
la traducción francesa del Ğ āmiˁ por Leclerc en 1877.
Objetivos: Estudio diacrónico y sincrónico del léxico fitonímico del árabe andalusí.
Métodos: Cotejo de los textos del Ğ āmiˁ de Ibn al-Bayt਼ ār con los de la ˁUmdat at਼ -t਼ abīb de Abū l-Ḫayr al-ˀIšbīlī, probable fuente
de al-Ġ āfiqī. Análisis de las descripciones botánicas.
Resultados y conclusiones: Identificación como Senecio jacobaea L., conexiones etimológicas.
Palabras clave: Botánica andalusí, Senecio jacobaea L., fitonimia árabe y romance, Ibn al-Bayt਼ ār, Abū l-Ḫayr al-ˀIšbīlī, al-Ġā fiqī.
E3-O02
Las orquídeas según los farmacólogos y botánicos de Al-Ándalus
E. García Sánchez a, J.M. Carabaza Bravo b, J.E. Hernández Bermejo c
a
Escuela de Estudios Árabes (CSIC), Cuesta del Chapiz 22, 18010, Granada, España. b Universidad de Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/
nº, 18071, Granada, España. C Universidad de Córdoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Edificio Celestino Mutis. 2ª Planta. 14071,
Córdoba, España
Antecedentes: Hasta ahora ningún trabajo se ha ocupado específicamente del grado de conocimiento de las orquídeas por los
farmacólogos, botánicos y agrónomos andalusíes. Pese a la rareza e infrecuencia de estas especies, no pasaron inadvertidas a
dichos autores, quienes conocieron sus virtudes medicinales y usos tradicionales que ahora estudiamos.
Objetivos: Analizar la diversidad e identidad taxonómica de las orquídeas documentadas por la Botánica andalusí, así como las
propiedades y usos conocidos en esta etapa histórica.
Métodos: Partiendo básicamente de textos farmacológicos, botánicos y agronómicos árabes redactados en Al Andalus, se extrae
su información y se compara con la de obras anteriores y posteriores al período andalusí de la Península Ibérica.
Resultados y conclusiones: Se han identificado especies de diversos géneros como Ophrys (O. apifera, O. bombyliflora), Orchis
(O. militaris, O. morio, O. papilionacea), Serapias lingua, Cephalanthera longifolia, Anacamptis pyramidalis. Se comentan los usos
de dichas especies, algunos de ellos novedosos, comparándolos con los tradicionales actualmente conocidos.
Palabras clave: Orquidáceas. Al-Ándalus. Propiedades. Usos.
Referencias: Banqueri, J.A. Tratado de agricultura de Ibn al-´Awwam. Madrid: Ministerio de Agricultura; 1802 (ed. facsímil 1988). Bustamante, J. et al. Umdat al-tabib de Abu l-Jayr. Madrid: CSIC; 2004-2007. García Sánchez, E. et al. "Plantas hortenses en Al-Ándalus:
Monocotiledóneas",CNA, 8,p. 123-200. Madrid: CSIC; 2008. Leclerc, L. Traité des Simples d’Ibn al-Baytar. Paris: IMA; 1987.
72
E3-O03
Los naturalistas andalusíes, fuente documental para la Etnobotánica actual
M.A. Navarro García a, V.M. Barraso Romero b
a
Departamento de Estudios Semíticos. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Campus Cartuja s/n. Universidad de Granada. 18071 Granada,
España.b Escuela de Estudios Árabes (EEA). Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC). Cuesta del Chapiz, 22. 18010 Granada,
España.
Antecedentes: Numerosos son los trabajos de naturalistas andalusíes que ven la luz en la Península Ibérica durante los siglos
de dominación árabe, particularmente entre los siglos X-XV, y que conforman una larga secuencia de obras sobre agricultura, farmacia, medicina, botánica, etc. En estas obras, se relatan numerosísimas experiencias que demuestran el elevado conocimiento
del mundo vegetal de sus autores.
Objetivos: Es en este contexto y dada la importancia que tanto la Fitoterapia como la medicina natural han adquirido en los
últimos tiempos cuando nos atrevemos a afirmar que estos trabajos han superado los múltiples obstáculos que el paso del tiempo
supone para este tipo de literatura y continúan ocupando un lugar destacado en los estudios de Etnobotánica, Etnofarmacia y
Etnomedicina.
Métodos: A través del estudio y análisis de las observaciones recogidas en estas fuentes documentales y su confrontación con
los trabajos de Etnobotánica que se vienen desarrollando en los últimos años,
Resultados y conclusiones: pondremos de manifiesto tanto los paralelismos y similitudes en los esquemas metodológicos seguidos, así como la absoluta vigencia de estas obras, entendidas como sintesis de los conocimientos que un determinado grupo o
grupos humanos han generado de su uso de las plantas, en un espacio de tiempo concreto y en una zona geográfica determinada.
Palabras clave: Etnobotánica, Etnofarmacia, Etnomedicina, Ciencias de la naturaleza en Al-Ándalus.
E3-O04
Cannabis en Al-Ándalus
I. Lozano Cámara
Departamento de Estudios Semíticos. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Campus Cartuja s/n. Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, España
Cannabis sativa (L.) cuenta con una larga tradición de usos terapéuticos, lúdicos y rituales en numerosas civilizaciones del Mundo
Antiguo. Esta tradición fue recogida y notablemente enriquecida por los naturalistas árabes orientales y andalusíes en sus tratados
de Botánica, Farmacología y Medicina.
El objetivo de esta comunicación es poner de relieve la importancia del conocimiento sobre el cannabis desarrollado en el mundo
árabo-islámico clásico en general y en Al-Ándalus en particular. Para ello se revisará las propiedades terapéuticas de la planta tal
y como aparecen descritas en las fuentes en el marco de la concepción galénica.
Esta revisión está basada en la consulta de los principales textos médicos, farmacológicos, botánicos, agronómicos y literarios
árabes de los siglos VIII al XVII que contienen información sobre el Cannabis.
A la luz de nuestros conocimientos actuales, la información de los científicos árabes orientales y andalusíes sobre el tema deben
ser considerados una importante referencia para los modernos estudios de Etnofarmacología sobre esta planta.
Keywords: Cannabis sativa (L.), medicina y farmacología árabes, Al-Ándalus.
E3-O05
73
La Etnobotánica en Al-Ándalus a través de las representaciones vegetales presentes en la cerámica califal
E. Serrano Jaén, J.E. Hernández Bermejo
Departamento de Ciencias y Recursos Agrícolas y Forestales. Universidad de Córdoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, 14071, Córdoba, España.
Antecedentes: Este trabajo forma parte en un estudio retrospectivo más amplio que pretende aportar nuevos conocimientos
sobre el uso de las plantas a lo largo de la Historia, usando como fuente de información no escrita las representaciones vegetales
en piezas y obras artísticas conservadas en Museos o en Conjuntos Arqueológicos. Aquí nos referiremos sólo al periodo en que se
elaboraron las piezas de cerámica verde-manganeso en Al-Ándalus.
Objetivos: Contribuir al conocimiento sobre el uso y distribución de las plantas en Al-Ándalus.
Métodos: Selección de las piezas objeto de estudio. Análisis de las representaciones vegetales en las piezas seleccionadas:
descripción de los elementos vegetales e identificación de la especie o grupo taxonómico más próximo posible. Integración de la
información en el contexto histórico.
Resultados y conclusiones: En contraste con lo geométrico, la temática vegetal de la decoración en esta cerámica es de una
riqueza y variedad extraordinarias, conseguidas mediante múltiples combinaciones de escasos elementos: pétalos, medias palmetas, trifolias, etc. (1). El hallazgo de nuevas piezas y un análisis de estas representaciones desde un punto de vista botánico, ha
permitido observar la presencia de elementos vegetales distintos a los ya descritos, caracterizados por aparecer en formas menos
esquemáticas y no repetitivas, a veces asociados a representaciones zoomorfas muy detalladas, dando como resultado la identificación de algunas especies botánicas dentro del conjunto de piezas analizadas y su justificación etnobotánica.
Palabras clave: Etnobotánica, Al-Ándalus, cerámica, califal, verde-manganeso, Medina Azahara.
Agradecimientos: Museo Arqueológico de Córdoba, María Dolores Baena Alcántara, María Jesús Moreno Garrido.
Referencias: 1. Escudero Aranda, J. Cuadernos de Madinat Al-Zahra, 1991; Volumen 2, 1988-1990: págs. 127-161.
E3-O06
El Renacimiento de las Ciencias Agrícolas en Europa a través de los autores toledanos ¿siglo XVI
o siglo XI?
J. E. Hernández Bermejo a E. García Sánchez.b, J.M. Carabaza Bravo c,
a
Universidad de Córdoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Edificio Celestino Mutis. 2ª Planta. 14071, Córdoba, España: b Escuela de
Estudios Árabes (CSIC), Cuesta del Chapiz 22, 18010, Granada, España; C Universidad de Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/nº, 18071, Granada,
España
Antecedentes: Los autores coordinan un equipo multidisciplinar integrado por arabistas, agrónomos y botánicos que investiga y
edita la Flora Agrícola y Forestal de Al-Ándalus
Objetivos: Valorar y reivindicar los conocimientos botánicos y agrícolas de la ciencia y autores andalusíes
Métodos: Estudio comparado de las fuentes clásicas y medievales, especialmente de los textos árabes redactados en Al-Ándalus.
Identificación científica de las especies citadas. Contraste y valoración de técnicas y conocimientos.
Resultados y conclusiones: El desarrollo de las ciencias, el complejo elenco de especies en cultivo y de conocimientos asociados y el grado de innovación e integración de otras culturas, abogan por la identificación de un Renacimiento de las Ciencias
Agrícolas y de la Naturaleza en el territorio ibérico entre los siglos X-XIV, mucho antes que en el resto de Europa.
Palabras clave: Al-Ándalus, Flora agrícola, Renacimiento, Ibn Bassal, Alonso de Herrera.
Referencias: Carabaza Bravo, J. Mª; García Sánchez, E.; Hernández Bermejo, J. E.; Jiménez Ramirez, A. Árboles y arbustos de Al-Ándalus.
Madrid: CSIC, 2004, 349 pp. Hernández-Bermejo, J. E. y García Sánchez, E. Economic Botany and Ethnobotany in Al-Ándalus (Iberian
Peninsula: Tenth-Fifteenth Centuries), an Unknow Heritage of Mankind. Economic Botany (1998) 52: 15-26. Hernández Bermejo J. E and
E. García-Sánchez. Tulips: an ornamental crop in the Andalusi Middle Ages. Economic Botany 2009 63(1) 60-66. Ibn Bassal, Kitab al-qasd
wa-l-bayan. Libro de agricultura, ed. y trans. J.Mª Millás Vallicrosa y M. Aziman. Tetuán, 1955 (estudio preliminar por E. García Sánchez y
J.E. Hernández Bermejo). Sevilla: Sierra Nevada 95, 1995.
74
E3-P01
Plant Names: obstacles and solutions in accessing information about medicinal plants
R. Allkin
Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB. UK
Background: Professionals working in health & pharmacovigilance or the herbal or pharmaceutical industries need to access
information about plants and to communicate accurately & effectively about them. Medicinal plants are known and used globally
and known by different names in different communities, generations & languages. Trade or pharmacopoeia names fail to establish
the identity of the species concerned and are thus used inconsistently, their meaning evolving and becoming ambiguous.
Issues: Scientific plant names are the only means to refer unambiguously and consistently to a given plant species. Complications
in their use however lead to their misuse and failures in communication. A high percentage of TCM literature, including legislation, is ambiguous or misleading. Causes for this confusion include: multiple names, name changes, multiple opinions and lack of
a central references.
Consequences: Inappropriate use of scientific names has direct practical impact. We will describe some examples of misuse and
illustrate the problems arising.
Existing botanical resources: Some resources exist which at least partially may help resolve plant nomenclatural confusions.
These will be described and the exact purpose and limitations of each described.
New information services are proposed to meet the needs of pharmacovigilance, health workers, pharmacologists and herbal
medicine. These will be described and an opportunity given to contribute ideas as to how these might most usefully be designed
to work.
Keywords: Medicinal plants, nomenclature, plant names, databases, information
E3-P02
Análisis de la diversidad etnobiológica a través del estudio de tres topografías médicas valencianas
V. Martínez-Francés a, S. Ríos a, J. Bernabeu b, J. Juan a
a
Estación Biológica Torretes-Font Roja, I.U. CIBIO, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Alicante, España.
b
Dpto. de Enfermería comunitaria, medicina preventiva y Salud Pública e Historia de la Ciencia. Escuela Universitaria de Enfermería,
Universidad de Alicante, 03690, España.
Antecedentes: Las topografías médicas son estudios locales, desarrollados en el contexto de la higiene ambientalista (s. XIX XX), que suelen aportar información biologica y ecológica y de naturaleza socio-sanitaria. Se hallan localizadas y/o editadas 120
topografías en las comunidades catalana (94), valenciana (21) y balear (5).
Objetivos: Identificar y determinar la etnoflora y etnofauna del área estudiada por las topografías y recuperar en su caso, los usos
y la nomenclatura popular olvidados.
Métodos: Inicialmente se revisaron los apartados de flora y fauna de cuatro topografías de la provincia de Valencia (Comunidad
Valenciana), -siendo una de ellas descartada por hacer referencias a otras publicaciones, sin realizar un inventario propio-, estudiándose finalmente las de: Rótova (1911) "RT", Ontinyent (1916) "ON" y Benetússer (1927) "BN".
Resultados y conclusiones: Aunque existen diferencias en la minuciosidad con la que realizan las diferentes topografías en las
descripciones de la flora y la fauna, el análisis de sus contenidos ratifica el interés etnográfico que ofrecen este tipo de fuentes.
Además del nombre científico y común de las especies descritas, se aportan las denominaciones y usos locales (medicinal, alimentario, jardinería, cultivo, silvestre, doméstico, etc.) y el lugar dónde se encuentran (acequias, campos, monte, etc.). El número
de especies totales citadas RT:ON:BN son de 560:722:348, destacando RT por su elevado porcentaje en polinomios, un 12% tanto
para la flora como para la fauna, entre ellos el que hace referencia a Prunus spinosa "Panets de la Mare de Déu". En ON, un elevado
porcentaje de especies aparece sin nombre popular (24%), debido al exhaustivo listado de protozoos, algas, hongos inferiores,
bacterias y cianofíceas.
Palabras clave: Topografías médicas, Etnobiología, etnoflora, etnofauna, Comunidad Valenciana, España.
E4-O01
75
Medicina tradicional na Guiné-Bissau: Plantas usadas por PMT da Região de Iemberém
E.T. Gomes a, M.A. Diniz b, E.S. Martins b, O. Silva a
a
iMed.UL, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-019 Lisboa, Portugal ([email protected])
b
Herbário do Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical, 1300-142 Lisboa, Portugal
Enquadramento: A Guiné-Bissau é um dos países Africanos com menos recursos económicos, e com maior escassez de estruturas
na área dos serviços de saúde, recorrendo a maioria da população aos médicos tradicionais para tratar as enfermidades. Por sua
vez alguns desses Praticantes de Medicina Tradicional (PMT) utilizam preparações à base de plantas para curar os seus pacientes.
Objectivos: Caracterizar a vegetação predominante na Região de Iemberém na Mata do Cantanhez e verificar quais são as espécies mais usadas pelos mais conceituados Praticantes de Medicina Tradicional (PMT) pertencentes a grupos étnicos diferentes que
vivem na região. Recolher material biológico com vista a estudos científicos; obter informação sobre os nomes locais das plantas
e detalhes do modo de preparação das receitas tradicionais usadas no tratamento de doenças infecciosas.
Métodos: Recolha de informação etnobotânica através de entrevistas directas, usando intérpretes conhecedores das línguas
locais e da língua Portuguesa e colheita dos materiais para herborização e para estudos laboratoriais, com os PMT. Pesquisa
bibliográfica após identificação botânica dos materiais herborizados e compilação de toda a informação.
Resultados e conclusões: Na comunicação apresentam-se as espécies citadas por cada um dos PMT entrevistados, que foram:
Adulai Camará e Ana Calé (mandinga) da tabanca Madina, Madjula (tanda) em Iemberém, Cabê Nacanca (balanta), da tabanca
Cadique Maila, Salifo Camará (nalu), da tabanca Farim, Saido Camará (tanda) do bairro Missera em Iemberém. Referem-se as
espécies que se encontram estudadas cientificamente e qual a sua relação com os dados etnomédicos. Em conclusão verificou-se
que várias espécies citadas por mais do que um dos PMT e também usadas noutras regiões da Guiné-Bissau ou noutros países da
África Ocidental se encontram estudadas cientificamente mas que outras espécies citadas por alguns dos PMT não se encontram
ainda estudadas sob o aspecto de actividade biológica ou de composição química.
Palavras-chave: Plantas medicinais; Guiné-Bissau; Mata do Cantanhez; PMT.
E4-O02
Como me disse um curandeiro: "o teu trabalho fica escrito". Etnografia e ética num contexto da
Guiné-Bissau.
A. Frazão-Moreira
CRIA e FCSH, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. Berna, 26-C 1069-061 Lisboa, Portugal. [email protected]
Enquadramento: As pesquisas etnográficas permitem revelar o enquadramento económico, social e simbólico dos conhecimentos etnobotânicos e etnofarmacológicos e das práticas a eles associados e dar-lhes sentido enquanto elementos inseridos em
sistemas culturais complexos. Este tipo de recolha de informação envolve relações sociais de investigação específicas envoltas
em questões de natureza ética. O estudo aprofundado realizado na Guiné-Bissau possibilita ilustrar a importância da Etnografia e
reflectir sobre as questões éticas inerentes à pesquisa Etnobotânica e Etnofarmacológica.
Objectivos: Partindo da pesquisa realizada entre os nalus da Guiné-Bissau pretende-se mostrar o enquadramento cultural dos
saberes e práticas etnobotânicos e etnofarmacológicos e discutir os aspectos éticos referentes à sua recolha e divulgação.
Métodos: A metodologia utilizada na pesquisa foi etnográfica. A recolha foi realizada através de procedimentos metodológicos
como a observação-participante e as entrevistas informais e formais e a análise foi qualitativa.
Resultados e conclusões: Os resultados referentes ao recurso a cerca de 160 espécies com usos alimentares, artesanais, medicinais e rituais demonstram a importância de entender os elementos etnobotânicas e etnofarmacológicas locais no quadro vasto
do processo de apropriação social da natureza, isto é, tendo em conta aspectos económicos e sociais, mas também cosmológicos
e religiosos. A reflexão sobre a pesquisa desenvolvida revela ainda os contornos éticos deste tipo de investigação.
Palavras-chave: Etnobotânica, Etnofarmacologia, Etnografia, ética, Guiné-Bissau.
76
E4-O03
Ethnoecology, ecotourism and conservation of crocodiles. Venezuela and Burkina Faso cases
J.L. Rubio, R. Antelo, M. Luzon
[email protected]
Background: Ethnoecology is an interesting tool for endangered species management, as it provides criteria for conservation
programs based on sustainable use by local human populations.
Objective: We studied the relationships between rural communities and crocodiles in Venezuela and Burkina Faso to understand
the impliactions on the binomial species conservation - local development.
Methods: We conducted interviews in the implied communities to determine their socioeconomic conditions, kowledge of the
species, standpoint on the animal’s presence, as well as ecotouristic potential. We also compiled vernacular names of reptiles, and
the included in the local people’s diet, to inform of the number of species known and of the importance of the natural environment
in their daily lives
Results and conclusions: With the fishermen from Venezuela (where the Orinoco crocodile has been reintroduced), we found
scarce knowledge about the species (almost extinct many years ago) but many old myths, and on the other hand, the recognition
of some environmental services, as the control by the crocodiles of non commercial fish populations, beneficial effects on channel
drainage, etc. In Burkina Faso (Crocodylus nilotycus as focal species) we found higher complexity according to the high ethnic and
cultural diversity in the studied area (sacred animal in many ethnic groups, harmonic coexistence or competence according to the
different typology of fishermen groups…). Depending on the human – animal relationships and the socioeconomic characteristics
of the different communities, ecotourism based on the lure of the reptiles and their natural environment seem a common opportunity for the binomial conservation - local development. The implied communities show enough experience, knowledge about their
environment, infrastructures availability, and organization (cooperatives or associations).
Keywords: Ethnoecology, Ecotourism and conservation, Crocodylus intermedius, Crocodylus nilotycus, Venezuela, Burkina Faso.
E5-O01
Abordaje del consumo de plantas medicinales en Atención Primaria: los productos de origen comercial y los recolectados en el campo
M.C. Carrasco a, J.R. Vallejo b, D. Peral b, M.A. Martín b
Consultorio Médico Local de Guadiana del Caudillo (Badajoz). Centro de Salud de Pueblonuevo del Guadiana, travesía de la Constitución
s/n, 06184, Pueblonuevo del Guadiana, Badajoz, España. b Grupo de Investigación en Humanidades Médicas (HUME). Historia de la Medicina. Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. de Elvas s/n, 06071, Badajoz, España.
a
Antecedentes: En Extremadura se iniciaron planteamientos epidemiológicos sobre Medicina Popular y plantas medicinales en
1996 que han continuado hasta la actualidad (HUME: UNEX).
Objetivos: Analizar cómo abordar el consumo de plantas medicinales en Atención Primaria.
Métodos: Revisión de historias clínicas y trabajos previos realizados sobre un cupo de 1300 pacientes del Centro de Salud de
Pueblonuevo del Guadiana (Badajoz) en los últimos cinco años.
Resultados y conclusiones: Los riesgos de automedicación, confusión, intoxicaciones e interacciones por plantas (2), así como la
importancia de los trabajos interdisciplinares se han puesto de manifiesto con los estudios sobre la planta tóxica y medicinal Atractylis gummifera (1) y un caso clínico asociado al consumo de preparados comerciales de valeriana y pasiflora (3) en el cupo objeto
de estudio. La tendencia de actuación en Atención Primaria para evitar problemas de salud pública debe ser la introducción en los
antecedentes personales del consumo de plantas determinando si el origen del producto consumido es comercial o de recolección
en el campo, dar informaciones sistemáticas, breves y concisas sobre consumo responsable teniendo en cuenta dicho origen y
tratar temas relacionados con plantas en las sesiones clínicas de formación continuada de los centros de salud, invitando a otros
profesionales no médicos a participar en ellas desde ópticas antropológicas, etnobotánicas y etnofarmacológicas.
Palabras clave: Plantas medicinales, Medicina Popular, Fitoterapia, Atención Primaria.
Referencias: 1. Vallejo, J.R. et al. J Ethnopharmacol 2009; 126: 366-370. 2. Farah, M.D. Et al. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2000; 9:105112. 3. Carrasco, M.C. et al. Phytother Res 2009; 23: 1795-1796.
E5-O02
77
Enfermedades, dolencias y trastornos manejados con remedios naturales por usuarios de medicina popular en la ciudad de Badajoz
D. Peral a, M.A. Martín a, J.R. Vallejo a, M.C. Carrasco b
Grupo de Investigación en Humanidades Médicas (HUME). Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. de Elvas s/n. 06071,
Badajoz, España. b Consultorio Médico Local de Guadiana del Caudillo (Badajoz). Centro de Salud de Pueblonuevo Guadiana, Travesía de la
Constitución s/n, 06184 Pueblonuevo del Guadiana, Badajoz, España.
a
Antecedentes: Los sistemas de clasificación de enfermedades actuales han demostrado tener mucha utilidad para la práctica
clínica tanto en campos específicos de la salud (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder -DSM MD- de la Asociación
Psiquiátrica Americana) como en medicina general (Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades -CIE- (1) propuesto por la OMS).
Objetivos: a) Situar las dolencias y trastornos tratados por usuarios de Medicina Popular en la ciudad de Badajoz en un contexto
médico y científico consensuado. b) Normalizar la concepción popular de enfermedad de dichos usuarios para obtener juicios y
criterios clínicos de la misma.
Métodos: Los trastornos citados por 746 encuestados seleccionados al azar en la ciudad de Badajoz se han analizado siguiendo
la CIE-9-MC (9ª revisión, Modificación Clínica).
Resultados y conclusiones: Los problemas de salud manejados se encuadran en los capítulos de la CIE-9-MC: síntomas, signos
y estados mal definidos (31%); piel y tejido subcutáneo (16%); enfermedades digestivas (12%); respiratorias (8%); lesiones y
envenenamientos (8%); enfermedades infecciosas y parasitarias (4%); sistema nervioso y los sentidos (4%); causas externas (4%);
trastornos mentales (3%); circulatorio (3%); genitourinario (3%); endocrinas, metabólicas e inmunológicas (2%); complicaciones
embarazo, parto y puerperio (2%); Osteoarticulares (2%). No se citan trastornos clasificables en neoplasias, anomalías congénitas
y enfermedades de la sangre y órganos hematopoyéticos.
Palabras clave: Clasificación de enfermedades. CIE. Medicina Popular.
Referencias: 1. Min. Sanid. y Polít. Soc. <http://www.msc.es/ecie9mc-2008/html/index.htm> [consulta: 25 febrero 2010].
E5-O03
Historia de los distintos enfoques en la investigación sobre Medicina Popular
D. Peral, J.R. Vallejo
Grupo de Investigación en Humanidades Médicas (HUME). Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. de Elvas s/n, 06071,
Badajoz, España.
Antecedentes: Las Sociedades de Folklore en el siglo XIX son el detonante del inicio de los estudios sobre Medicina Popular (MP)
que se desarrollarán posteriormente en el ámbito etnobiomédico (1) a través de diferentes áreas de conocimiento de las ciencias
sociales y experimentales (2).
Objetivos: Analizar los planteamientos y método de trabajo de estudios sobre MP desde la perspectiva de la Etnografía, la Historia, la Antropología Médica y la Etnobotánica.
Métodos: Revisión bibliográfica de la literatura científica española en los últimos 60 años en función de la epistemología de las
ciencias implicadas.
Resultados y conclusiones: La epistemología de la ciencia determina un producto final con énfasis centradas en aspectos como
las diferencias etic o emic y la interpretación simbólica a través de la observación participante, el relato histórico, los taxones
vegetales, o en aspectos epidemiológicos de la salud muy sesgados según el perfil investigador. En el momento actual existe un
acercamiento interdisciplinar y una mejor comprensión de los diferentes enfoques cualitativos y cuantitativos tanto en ciencias
experimentales, como sociales y humanísticas. Aprovechando el EHPE como foro de encuentro e integración se propone la creación
de un grupo de trabajo interdisciplinar ibérico con representantes de las áreas involucradas en los estudios de MP para compartir
experiencias, establecer sinergias de colaboración y obtener una cosmovisión que lleve a comprender mejor la relación entre la
salud humana y las plantas medicinales.
Palabras clave: Antropología Médica, Historia de la Medicina, Etnobotánica, Medicina Popular.
Referencias: 1. Comelles et al. La Medicina Popular Española. Fernández, J, Castillo, J. (eds.). 2. Morales, R. Arbor. 1992; 141 (556):
105-113.
78
E5-O04
De la "Medicina Popular" al pluralismo médico
E. Perdiguero
Universidad Miguel Hernández. Crta. Alicante-Valencia. Km. 8,7 03550 Sant Joan d’Alacant. Alicante
Fue a finales del siglo XIX cuando se acuñó el término de "Medicina Popular". En su constitución estuvieron presentes dos elementos. Por un lado la Folkmedicina, parte del movimiento folklorista, que pretendió recoger los comportamientos y saberes del
"pueblo" en riesgo de desaparecer ante los profundos cambios socio-económicos que se estaban produciendo. Se consideró
que en ellos residía la "esencia" de un pueblo y se generó todo un entusiasmo por las recogida de "survivals". Por otro lado los
médicos universitarios estaban ya muy extendidos por el territorio y su día a día, para arrogarse el papel de expertos en la lucha
contra la enfermedad y la muerte, hacía necesario que se estableciese una clara diferenciación entre sus saberes y los populares.
Muchos estudios sobre medicina popular fueron hechos por médicos convertidos en etnógrafos que trataban de establecer esa
línea divisoria.
Esta situación, que se mantuvo durante hasta los años setenta del siglo XX, cambió radicalmente al surgir dos fenómenos. Por un
lado la O.M.S., para acercar la asistencia sanitaria a toda la población, tuvo que considerar recursos asistenciales los saberes y
sanadores populares bajo el término de "medicina tradicional". Por otro lado, en el mundo desarrollado comenzaron a utilizarse
profusamente las Medicinas Alternativas y Complementarias (MAC). La dicotomía entre medicina popular y medicina ortodoxa
se mostró insuficiente para explicar el comportamiento de la población ante la enfermedad. Por ello desde las ciencias sociales
aplicadas a la medicina surgió el concepto de "pluralismo médico". Con él se trata es de estudiar cómo, cuándo y por qué la población recurre a la medicina, a la medicina popular, a las MAC, o a otras variadas alternativas asistenciales. Al contrario de lo que
ocurría con la medicina popular este enfoque pretende ser dinámico, y en absoluto dicotómico, tratando de entender que hace la
población ante la enfermedad.
E5-O05
The "Land of Herbology": Ethnobotanical knowledge as collective identity
E. Mateus
Instituto de Ciências Sociais da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Aníbal de Bettencourt, 9, 1600-189 Lisboa, Portugal.
Background: This essay is an introduction to a case study on the construction of collective identity in a small village known as
"Terra das Ervanárias" (Land of Herbology), on the surroundings of a Portuguese National Park (Serras d’Aire and Candeeiros),
based on its ethnobotanical knowledge. The claim of tradition in the gathering of plants and herbs used in folk medicine and its
process of commodification by the local industry of herbal products will be framed as a strategy to insure the intellectual property
of traditional knowledge, contextualized in the increasing demand for natural therapies.
Objectives: The main objective of the research is to understand the knowledge transfer processes regarding the therapeutic potentialities of the flora of the Natural Park of Serras d’Aire and Candeeiros and the triangulation mechanisms established between
folk medicine, the industrial processing of herbal products and its marketing.
Methods: The methodological approach will be based on field work and observant participation, conducting ethnobotanical and
ethnopharmaceutical inquiries. Theoretically, the results will also be framed within medical and ecological anthropology.
Results and conclusions: This paper will provide discussion on the paradigms of biodiversity, conservation and sustainable development, once it approaches sociocultural dimensions where biodiversity and traditional knowledge protection are intertwined
with herbal medicines market demands, pharmaceutical research, local development and sustainability concepts, providing new
lines of reflection in the construction of ethnobotanical knowledge.
Keywords: Ethnobotany, knowledge transfer, Folk Medicine, medical Anthropology.
E5-O06
79
Challenges in the introduction of ethnopharmacological resources in public health care services
in Mexico City
P. Hersch Martínez
Programa Actores Sociales de la Flora Medicinal en México, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Matamoros 14, Acapantzingo,
62440, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico, and Sociedad Mexicana de Fitoterapia Clínica.
Background: The biomedical exclusion of ethnopharmacological resources demands linking epistemological and operative channels in order to optimize its potential
Objectives: Analyze the epistemological and operative challenges inherent in the introduction of phytotherapy clinical public care
services by Mexico City government.
Methods: Retrospective analysis and identification of significant trends and factors.
Results and conclusions: Prominent milestones in the introduction process have been: 1) The argumentative logic and political
context that led to adapt the legal frame that allows therapeutic diversification in public services; 2) The existence of harmonizing
nodes, linking popular medicine and biomedicine rationalities, from an operative and epistemological perspective. These are: a)
the relevancy of integrating three knowledge perspectives (traditional, experimental and clinical) in the therapeutic approach of the
flora; b) the figure of the total or in totum extract and its implications, and c) the rescue of individualized formulation by physicians,
by means of magistral prescription, still recognised in Mexican regulation. The ethnopharmacological dimension of the resources
need viable derivations in order to optimize its therapeutic potential. These harmonizing nodes are essential facing the existing
disarticulation among disciplines and sectors.
Keywords: Medicinal Plants, Mexico, Clinical Phytotherapy, Public Health.
E5-P01
Plantas aromáticas e medicinais e conhecimento etnobotânico em Trás-os-Montes (Portugal): recolha de usos e saberes em novos contextos rurais
A. Castro a, S. Claro a, M.T. Ramos b, L. Barros a, A.M. Carvalho a
a
CIMO/Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Apartado 1172, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal. b Ecomuseu Terra Mater, Picote, Miranda do Douro, Portugal. [email protected]
Enquadramento: O uso de plantas aromáticas e medicinais (PAM) tem larga tradição em Trás-os-Montes. Estudos etnobotânicos
mostram que até há bem pouco tempo o conhecimento e o seu uso eram domínio das pessoas mais velhas, residentes em meios
rurais e sobretudo das mulheres, principais responsáveis pela transmissão de saberes e práticas. Actualmente, as zonas rurais
sofrem modificações que afectam a transmissão e o conhecimento das PAM. Surgem novos contextos rurais onde as PAM são
manipuladas de modo diferente ao habitual no passado.
Objectivos: Compreender a percepção actual do mundo vegetal e caracterizar os conhecimentos sobre PAM e respectivos usos
nesta região portuguesa.
Métodos: Entrevista semi-estruturada conduzida nas feiras locais, mercados municipais e centros comerciais de zonas rurais, a
homens e mulheres escolhidos aleatoriamente.
Resultados e conclusões: No total foram referidas 68 espécies. As mais citadas são: Melissa officinalis, Tilia sp.pl., Aloysia
citrodora, Pterospartum tridentatum, Foeniculum vulgare, Malva sylvestris. Maioria de usuários cultivam ou compram, consomem
diariamente preparados à base de plantas, empregam PAM para condimentar receitas da gastronomia local. Muitos acham importante a transmissão dos saberes às gerações mais novas. Não há relação entre género e uso de PAM, mas existe uma associação
directa entre a idade, o consumo e o saber sobre PAM. Observa-se uma relação também significativa entre a idade e o facto de
acharem importante a passagem dos conhecimentos sobre PAM aos mais jovens.
Keywords: PAM, conhecimento etnobotânico, usos e saberes locais.
Agradecimentos: Andreia Castro, financiada pela FCT, Bolsa de Iniciação à Investigação: BII/UNI/0690/AGR/2008.
80
E5-P02
Etnobotánica de algunas comunidades afro-descendientes de América desde un contexto mágicoreligioso
N. Pino a, G. Ramírez b
Universidad Tecnológica del Chocó, bloque 6, Ciudadela Universitaria B, [email protected]
b
Nicolás Medrano, 270002, Quibdó, Chocó, Colombia
a
Antecedentes: Aunque los trabajos en Etnobotánica son ampliamente realizados en todo el mundo, son pocos los estudios enfocados a plantas mágico-religiosas, en Brasil (Lemos, 1998), en países Vascos (Garmendia, 2001) entre otros.
Objetivos: Identificar la flora útil en fines mágico-religiosos usada por las comunidades afroamericanas del Pacífico colombiano.
Métodos: Cualitativos fundamentados en el intercambio de información con los representantes de las comunidades con experiencia mayor de 15 años; y Cuantitativos: Consenso de informantes.
Resultados y conclusiones: Se determinó la identidad de 129 taxa que conforman el listado florístico de las plantas usadas con
fines mágico-religiosos, agrupadas en 91 géneros y 53 familias, siendo la familia más representativa las Piperaceae (19 especies),
seguida de Lamiaceae (10), Asteraceae y Gesneriaceae (7 cada una). En este contexto el conocimiento de estas comunidades es
dirigido hacia tres propósitos principales, benéficos, maléficos y rituales, basado en ello, se establecen tres sub-categorías de
plantas usadas con fines mágico-religiosos, donde el 73% de las especies (94) son usadas con fines benéficos; el 24% (31) con
fines maléficos y el 10% (13) con fines rituales, y solo 7 especies comparten sub-categorías
Palabras clave: Pacífico colombiano, conocimiento tradicional, biodiversidad.
E5-P03
Representations of everlasting flowers (Helichrysum sp. pl.) in symbolic funerary iconography
J. Izco a, G. Caneva b
a
University of Santiago de Compostela. b University Roma Tre
Background: throughout history funerary rites have generally embraced a belief in the afterlife and consequently funerary practices have stressed the idea of eternity or continuance. One of these practices involves the iconographical use of long-lasting
flowers, which can be traced to the Egypt of the Pharaohs and can still be seen in many modern cemeteries.
Objectives: this paper examines the the everlasting flower (Helichrysum sp. pl.) representations in a number of European and
South American cemeteries and their relation to the types of burials, the dates of most frequent occurrence and the historical
context of the data.
Methods: identification of a number of representations of everlasting flowers on different kinds of tombs in European cemeteries,
in Spain (Corunna, Vigo, Orense, Madrid, Sevilla), Portugal (Lisbon, Oporto), Italy (Rome, Naples, Venice), France (Paris), and in
South America, in Ecuador (Quito, Guayaquil, Cuenca).
Results and conclusions: Preliminary data reveal that the bas-reliefs of everlasting flowers are widely distributed and occur
mostly in pantheons and large mausoleums. By contrast, they are rarely found on wall niches or tombs on the ground. As far as
dates are concerned, these kinds of images were most frequently used on the oldest tombs, from the second half of the 19th century and the first quarter of the 20th century. The everlasting flower icon usually appears either as a solitary wreath with ribbons
tied in different ways, or hanging from an upright cross or one lying on the ground. It may also appear incorporated into bouquets
or garlands, either on its own or accompanied by other plants. Bouquets or garlands of freshly-cut everlasting flowers are no longer
used these days, but they still appear in engravings on different kinds of pantheons and mausoleums. Because of the dates, the
floral arrangement of these engravings and their meaning is closely related to Romanticism and the magnificent mausoleums of
the time. The presence of these engravings on the American continent reveals an early process of cultural globalization.
Keywords: Perpetuino (It.), siempreviva (Sp.), immortelle (Fr.), Helichrysum, symbolic plants, funerary plants, eternity.
E6-O01
81
Las plantas del mundo ante la ortodoxia galénica y la experiencia en la Europa del Renacimiento
J.L. Fresquet, C. Aguirre
Instituto de Historia de la Medicina y de la Ciencia, Palacio Cerveró, Plaza Cisneros, 4, 46003, Valencia, España
Antecedentes: Durante el Renacimiento la incorporación de las nuevas plantas americanas y orientales al arsenal terapéutico
europeo supuso un importante cambio cuantitativo y cualitativo a la materia médica. En algunos casos hubo que adaptar e interpretar los conocimientos sobre las mismas desde la ortodoxia galénica dominante en la medicina y la terapéutica de la época.
Sin embargo, algunos estudiosos antepusieron otros criterios en la valoración de los nuevos productos vegetales, entre estos, la
experiencia, una de las características más destacadas de las novedades que supuso el Renacimiento.
Objetivos: El objetivo de este trabajo es poner de manifiesto el enfoque galénico y el enfoque empírico en el uso de las plantas
americanas y orientales a través de las obras de varios autores renacentistas.
Métodos: Estudio histórico de las fuentes impresas de Andrés Laguna, Nicolás Monardes, Juan Fragoso, Juan Calvo, Arias de
Benavides y Cristóbal de Acosta.
Resultados y conclusiones: Los primeros cirujanos prácticos que ejercieron en América optaron por su propia experiencia. Los
médico-cirujanos de la península tuvieron una postura intermedia en lo que se refiere a la práctica, mientras que, igual que hicieron los médicos, en los aspectos teóricos siguieron los postulados galénicos.
Palabras clave: Renacimiento, Plantas americanas, Plantas orientales, Galenismo, Europa, Siglo XVI.
E6-O02
La obra botánica de Andrés Laguna (siglo XVI) en su traducción del Dioscórides
R. Morales
Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, España
Antecedentes: Andrés Laguna, segoviano, médico del rey español Carlos I y del papa Julio III, vivió en el siglo XVI y tradujo
del griego al castellano el famoso libro de materia médica de Dioscórides. Dicha traducción fue publicada en Amberes en 1555.
Además anotó la obra y la ilustró profusamente. La materia médica era un cúmulo de conocimientos botánicos y farmacológicos
del autor griego Dioscórides, del siglo I.
Objetivos: Se trata de analizar los conocimientos botánicos de Laguna y sus aportaciones a la botánica del siglo XVI mediante el
análisis de las anotaciones, texto propio del traductor de la obra, y de los dibujos que se incluyen. Se relaciona dicho conocimiento
con un buen uso.
Métodos: Se ha utilizado la edición facsímil titulada "Pedacio Dioscorides Anazarbeo, acerca de la materia medicinal y de los
venenos mortiferos. Traducido del griego e ilustrado por el doctor Andres de Laguna en Anvers, en casa de Juan Latio, 1555", y
publicada por la Comunidad de Madrid en 1991. Se ha confeccionado un índice de capítulos, excluyendo los que no se refieren
a plantas, y se han determinado en la medida de lo posible las especies vegetales tratadas. Todas las referencias a páginas y
capítulos son de esta edición.
Resultados y conclusiones: La finalidad básica del conocimiento botánico era para Laguna precaverse de que "no nos den
tossigo manifiesto" (pág. 472), ya que se confundieran simples era relativamente habitual. Cita otros muchos ejemplos. En sus comentarios se citan más de 400 especies, algunas de ellas con localidades donde fue vista o recolectada. Indica en la introducción
lo bueno que es disponer de un herbario para el conocimiento de las plantas. Un buen conocimiento de estas es fundamental para
su uso debido en fitoterapia.
Palabras clave: Laguna, Dioscórides, historia de la botánica, plantas medicinales, siglo XVI.
82
E6-O03
La Etnobotánica en México, aspectos legales
M. Gispert Cruells, B. Coutiño Bello
Laboratorio de Etnobotánica, Facultad de Ciencias. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Av. Universidad 3000, Coyoacán, Distrito
Federal, México, C.P. 04510.
Antecedentes: Las culturas prehispánicas mexicanas lograron un conocimiento notable de las cualidades vegetales; como quedó
plasmado en los jardines botánicos y los mercados populares, entre otras manifestaciones. Ese saber mantiene su arraigo en las
comunidades indígenas y locales del país, aportando al bienestar de los ecosistemas regionales y a su aprovechamiento. En el
marco de una sociedad globalizada y audaz, cautivada por el valor comercial de cuanto nos rodea, la industria biotecnológica transnacional maniobra para apropiarse de los bienes culturales y bióticos. Así ocurre en países con una riqueza biocultural profunda,
desamparada y con fuertes carencias económicas, donde se impone un régimen legal basado en acuerdos con vigencia jurídica en
los países firmantes, aunque controvertible y ajeno a la idiosincrasia de su población.
Objetivos: Exponer algunas consideraciones de tipo etnobotánico sobre una legislación mundial, teóricamente diseñada para
gestionar y proteger los bienes colectivos inherentes a los recursos bioculturales, así como sus efectos en este país.
Métodos: Se analizaron documentos, reportes y textos nacionales e internacionales, para contrastar con datos, experiencias
académicas y comentarios de distintos sectores involucrados.
Resultados y conclusiones: Se exhibe la erosión que padecen los recursos naturales y las culturas tradicionales. Se notan los
efectos de globalización económica amparada en la implantación de leyes armonizadas que responden más a los grandes intereses
industriales.
Palabras clave: México, Etnobotánica, recursos bioculturales, legislación, apropiamiento.
Referencias: 1. Gispert Cruells, Montserrat, et al. 2010. Contemporary Challenges of Ethnobotany, In: "Ethnobotany". Paulino de Alburquerque, U. Y Hanazaki, N. (Comps.) Sociedade Brasileira de Etnobiologia e Etnoecologia. Pgs.:13-32.
E6-P01
Los "sanpedritos": recurso etnofarmacológico nahua de Guerrero, México, y sus diversos planos
de eficacia
L. González Chévez a, P. Hersch Martínez b
a
Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, México, Compositores 320, Cuernavaca, 62170, México. b Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, México. [email protected]
Antecedentes: Los recursos etnofarmacológicos presentan una multiplicidad de implicaciones, demandando una perspectiva
integral con diversos niveles de eficacia.
Objetivos: Analizar las implicaciones históricas, simbólicas y farmacológicas de un preparado medicinal nahua de uso actual
Métodos: Entrevistas y observación participante en el marco de un trabajo etnográfico amplio. Análisis bibliohemerográfico
Resultados y conclusiones: En el marco de la atención a menores con "daño" o con manifestaciones de irritabilidad o alteraciones del sueño, se elabora y aplica un preparado tradicional contentiendo tabaco local y ceniza. Las particularidades del procedimiento de preparación y las implicaciones farmacológicas, simbólicas e históricas de los "sanpedritos" se articulan en un todo
coherente que refleja la integralidad del recurso en su contexto, articulando las fuentes históricas con las etnográficas y revelando
diversos planos de eficacia.
Palabras clave: Sanpedritos, tabaco, daño, Etnofarmacología, México, nahuas.
E7-O01
83
Estudio etnobotánico de los huertos domésticos de Montejo de la Sierra: manejo, variedades y
redes sociales.
R.R. Ontillera Sánchez a, M. Pardo de Santayana a, L. Aceituno Mata b, V. Reyes-García c
Departamento de Biología (Botánica). Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. C/ Darwin, 2. Campus de Cantoblanco. 28049 Madrid, España.
b
Instituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural, Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDRA).c ICREA e Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellatera, Barcelona, España.
a
Antecedentes: Para estudiar los huertos domésticos es necesario recoger información tanto socioeconómica como del propio
conocimiento y manejo del huerto y sus cultivos. Pese a la importancia del conocimiento etnoecológico ligado a los huertos domésticos y a la importancia de las redes sociales en la transmisión del germoplasma y conocimientos, hasta ahora se han realizado pocos trabajos en nuestro país que investiguen tanto el conocimiento y manejo del huerto como las redes sociales vinculadas a ellos.
Objetivos: Describir y analizar: a) el conocimiento y manejo de los huertos, y de distintos cultivos, y b) las redes sociales vinculadas a los huertos domésticos de Montejo de la Sierra, Madrid.
Métodos: Realizamos entrevistas semiestructuradas, aunque todas ellas constaban de un número mínimo de preguntas que
siempre hicimos a todos los informantes para poder analizar posteriormente la información cuantitativa y utilizar los métodos de
análisis de redes sociales. Elaboramos, entre otros, dos índices para analizar el conocimiento y manejo de seis cultivos clasificados
en variedades locales-tradicionales o modernas.
Resultados y conclusiones: Encontramos índices significativamente mayores en el conocimiento y manejo de las variedades
locales-tradicionales en las personas nacidas en el pueblo y en las mayores de 60 años. También encontramos una correlación
positiva entre los índices de variedades locales-tradicionales y variedades modernas. Las redes sociales asociadas a los huertos
presentaron distintas estructuras, señalándonos distintos tipos de interacciones sociales.
E7-O02
Etnobiología, Etnoecología y resiliencia de los huertos familiares de campesinos en el Tirol del
Este (Osttirol, Lienz) en los Alpes Austriacos
C.R. Vogl, B. Vogl-Lukasser
BOKU – Universidad sobre Recursos Naturales y Ciencias de la Vida / Universität für Bodenkultur, Gregor Mendel Strasse 33, A-1180,
Viena, Austria.
Antecedentes: Los huertos familiares de campesinos a nivel mundial son conocidos por su alta agrobiodiversidad y el profundo
saber local de los campesinos sobre el manejo y uso de plantas como alimento, medicina y otras funciones sociales, económicas
y ecológicas.
Objetivos: Presentar las características, elementos, y la dinámica de los huertos con un enfoque específico sobre la resiliencia de
los huertos familiares y sistemas agrícolas en relación con los paisajes culturales.
Métodos: Entrevistas y ensayos en 196 huertos familiares de la región de estudio con las personas responsables (campesinas)
sobre la aparencia, manejo y uso de plantas cultivadas y silvestres de los huertos. Entrevistas con 40 campesinas ancianas sobre
la historia de manejo de los huertos y otros agroecosistemas.
Resultados y conclusiones: En los huertos se encontraron 683 especies distintas de plantas, incluidas 133 no toleradas ("malas
hierbas") con gran diversidad de usos. En solamente 3 décadas la diversidad de especies ha aumentado en los huertos, incluyendo
especies silvestres y cultivadas de agroecosistemas distintos del huerto recién abandonados. El abandono se debió a cambios
en el precio de los productos, nuevas posibilidades de ingresos no agrícolas y subsidios. Tradicionalmente los huertos proveían
de unas pocas hierbas y condimentos. Hoy en día su cultivan sobre todo plantas ornamentales y alimenticias. Los campesinos
han adoptado varias estrategias en los huertos para asegurar la resiliencia de su sistema agrícola incluyendo experimentaciones
e innovaciones. La diversidad de especies y usos y la alta capacidad de experimentación e innovación han creado la resiliencia
necesaria para la adaptación de los sistemas agrícolas a los cambios externos en el mercado y un nuevo contexto político. Hoy los
huertos familiares son elementos claves del paisaje cultural de los Alpes aunque sus funciones hayan cambiados.
Palabras clave: Huertos familiares, sistemas socio-ecológicos, resiliencia, Etnobotánica, Etnoecología, Etnobiología, saber local,
diversidad biológica.
84
E7-O03
Estudio de la evolución del paisaje de las huertas del Generalife (Granada) a través de fuentes
documentales: viajeros y grabados
M. Navarro Burgos a, E. García Sánchez b, J. E. Hernández Bermejo a
a
Departamento de Ciencias y Recursos Agrícolas y Forestales. Universidad de Córdoba. Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Edificio Celestino Mutis. 2ª Planta. Ctra. Nacional IV Km. 396 14071 Córdoba. b Escuela de Estudios Árabes (CSIC). Cuesta del Chapiz
Antecedentes: Las Huertas del Generalife son un paisaje cultural que se ha conservado a lo largo de al menos 700 años y que forma parte del entorno y patrimonio histórico integrado en el complejo de la Alhambra-Generalife. El presente trabajo forma parte de
la Asistencia Técnica del Grupo de Investigación PAI-RNM 153 (Junta de Andalucía) "Programa de asesoramiento al Patronato de
la Alhambra en el plan de conservación y gestión de las Huertas del Generalife como parte del plan director de la Alhambra", que
incluye el análisis de los tratados agronómicos andalusíes, archivos históricos y estudios arqueobotánicos y dendrocronológicos.
Objetivos: Se presenta en este trabajo el análisis de la información aportada por los viajeros y la interpretación de grabados,
planos y fotografías, a fin de identificar las especies y evolución del paisaje de las Huertas del Generalife como aportación al
proyecto de Restauración de las mismas
Métodos: Revisión de los textos de 229 viajeros que pudieron estar en Granada desde el siglo XIV hasta el XX, extracción de datos
de interés sobre el entorno de las Huertas del Generalife, creación de una base de datos de las especies identificadas y análisis
de toda la información recogida. Interpretación de todas las representaciones gráficas encontradas.
Resultados y conclusiones: 112 descripciones de interés del entorno de las Huertas del Generalife. 668 citas a especies vegetales de interés para el estudio recogidas en Base de Datos. Destacan: higuera, granado y vid, seguidos en menor medida por
cítricos.
Palabras clave: Generalife, Huertas, Paisaje, Viajeros.
E7-O04
Las "plantas silvestres" dentro del huerto tradicional, mecanismo de conservación de la biodiversidad y posibles ventajas de la inversión del proceso en la actualidad
C. Anllo Naveiras a, J. Anllo Naveiras b
Yes I can-tree, http://yesican-tree.blogspot.com, [email protected] , Palomar 10º Izq 15005, A Coruña, España.
b
Laboratorio de Botánica. Facultad de Farmacia USC, Praza Seminario de Estudos Galegos, s/n. Campus sur 15782 Santiago de Compostela, España. [email protected]
a
Antecedentes: Significado de las plantas "silvestres" para el huerto y la comunidad: Partiendo de un estudio etnobotánico realizado en un entorno rural del norte de España, se presentan razones por las que un cierto tipo de plantas silvestres han sido acogidas
dentro de los huertos tradicionales y conservadas en aéreas de explotación agroforestal.
Objetivos: Heredar la relación de la población con la biodiversidad como modelo de actuación: Se discute sobre la capacidad que
poseen dichas prácticas para aplicarse dentro de propuestas de valor con objeto de incrementar la biodiversidad en aéreas urbanas
europeas con alta densidad de población y paisajes mixtos.
Métodos: Análisis de las razones de los individuos para cargar de significado dicho proceso: Se propone la actuación directa de la
población en procesos que posibiliten el incremento de la biodiversidad como un nuevo entendimiento del espacio verde urbano.
Resultados y conclusiones: La identidad entre conservación de biodiversidad y calidad de vida: Se concluye que dicha práctica
supone una mejora en la calidad de vida de la población urbana. A través de ensayos de participación se incluyen resultados obtenidos sobre la capacidad de respuesta y grado en el que se involucran los participantes. Se sugiere la inclusión de dichas prácticas
en futuras actuaciones paisajísticas ya que aportan un alto grado de sostenibilidad tanto por la capacidad de actuación de la población como por incorporan mecanismos de adaptación al cambio propios de entornos naturales dentro de los espacios urbanos.
Palabras clave: Etnobotánica, participación ciudadana, paisajes mixtos, biodiversidad y metrópolis.
Agradecimientos: A Las personas que han colaborado y apoyado las diferentes acciones planteadas dentro de las bases sobre las que se
desarrollan las iniciativas de Yes I can-tree y que han permitido llegar a desarrollar las ideas sobre las que se ha basado esta presentación.
E7-P01
85
Estudio de la agrobiodiversidad en huertos del centro de Asturias
S. Vila a, J.J. Lastra a, L. Aceituno b, L. Calvet Mir c, T. Garnatje d, G. Ochoa c, M. Parada d, M. Pardo de Santayana b, M. Rigat e, J. Vallès e,
V. Reyes-García f.
a
Universidad de Oviedo, [email protected], b Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, d Institut Botànic de
Barcelona (CSIC-ICUB), e Universitat de Barcelona, f ICREA,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.
Antecedentes: Los huertos son agroecosistemas dependientes de la actividad humana, puesto que las especies vegetales que en
ellos crecen están destinadas a cubrir parte de las necesidades humanas: alimentación, curación, ornato, solaz, ejercicio, etc. Los
hortelanos y hortelanas acumulan muchos conocimientos etnobiológicos y cultivan un elevado número de especies, que teniendo
diversos orígenes, han sido seleccionadas por su adaptación al clima y suelo, y por sus cualidades organolépticas, de modo que,
son un auténtico banco de germoplasma in situ, donde se conservan valiosas cultivariedades que de otro modo se perderían.
Objetivos: Catalogar las especies presentes en 56 huertos del centro de Asturias. Estudiar la frecuencia y diversidad de los cultivos. Prospectar, recuperar y registrar muestras de germoplasma de variedades locales.
Métodos: Se estudiaron las variedades locales presentes en 56 huertos y se tomaron medidas de abundancia y frecuencia. También se colectaron muestras de plantas de dificultosa determinación, que fueron depositadas en los herbarios FCO, BCN y MA.
Resultados y conclusiones: La diversidad biológica de los huertos, cuyos valores más frecuentes se encuentran en el rango
de 1 a 2,5 bits, es muy elevada si se compara con otros ecosistemas naturales terrestres. La conservación de variedades locales
hortícolas y frutales en los huertos familiares estudiados nos indica que éstos actúan como reservorio de diversidad genética que
se ha transmitido generacionalmente, perdurando hasta la actualidad.
Palabras clave: Principado de Asturias, agrobiodiversidad, Etnobotánica, variedades locales
E7-P02
Recuperación del saber popular asociado a las vías pecuarias como recurso para el desarrollo
sostenible en el tramo toledano de la Cañada Real Segoviana
J. Rojo, F. Fernández-González, A. Rodríguez Torres, R. Pérez-Badia
Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha. Avda, Carlos III s/n, 45071, Toledo, España.
Antecedentes: La red española de vías pecuarias, la más importante de Europa, se configuró para el desarrollo de la trashumancia ganadera, que en otra época llegó a ser la principal actividad económica del territorio nacional. Asociado a esta red de vías
pecuarias se desarrolló un estilo de vida rural y una cultura popular que guardaba, entre otros, el conocimiento sobre los usos
de las plantas. Este conocimiento se transmitía de unas generaciones a otras y aún perdura en la memoria de algunas personas
mayores. A partir de los años 60, la cultura popular relacionada con las vías pecuarias inicia su deterioro como consecuencia de la
crisis del medio rural y el abandono de los sistemas ganaderos tradicionales, perdiéndose también muchos aspectos relacionados
con el uso de las plantas.
Objetivos: Recopilar el saber popular asociado a la actividad de la ganadería trashumante, que durante siglos se practicó en el
tramo toledano de la Cañada Real Segoviana, y documentar los conocimientos etnobotánicos en este territorio.
Métodos: Trabajo de campo con ganaderos y pastores de la zona, mediante conversaciones y encuestas. Inventario de las plantas
cuyos usos están relacionados con la actividad ganadera.
Resultados y conclusiones: Se ha recopilado abundante información sobre los usos de las plantas en los múltiples aspectos del
oficio pastoril, relacionados con la alimentación del ganado, la construcción de chozos, la elaboración de utensilios domésticos, los
trabajos de cestería, etc. Esta información constituye la base para conservar este saber popular, proporcionar recursos útiles para
el fomento de actividades turísticas y elaborar planes de educación ambiental que además integren aspectos relacionados con la
conservación del medio natural y por ello puedan contribuir al desarrollo rural sostenible del territorio.
Palabras clave: Etnobotánica, ganadería tradicional, vía pecuaria, desarrollo sostenible.
86
E7-P03
Transhumance in Galicia
J.L. Rubio, M. Luzón
[email protected]
Background: While transhumance is a declining stock breeding system through Spain, some areas seem to have being sheltering
neo-formation of transhumance nucleus.
Objectives: Within a study on transhumant life-stoke systems in Spanish areas located out of the ambit of the Mesta, we studied
pastoral systems in Galicia Mountains.
Methods: The methodology was based on interviews to official agents, stock-breeders, and field research.
Results: Our study shows the existence of different life-stock movement and the use of a network of drover roads, developed in
the last years, basically centered in the Ancares range. The small dimensions of the area allow a detailed study of a case of great
interest in the context of the impulse of the extensive life-stock systems and their implications in the conservation of cultural
landscapes.
Keywords: Transhumance, cultural landscapes, Galicia.
E8-O01Aproximación a la tipología de los fitónimos en catalán
J. Vallès a, E. Carrió a, T. Garnatje b, M. Parada a, M. Rigat a
Laboratori de Botànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Cataluña, España. b Institut
Botànic de Barcelona, CSIC-ICUB, Passeig del Migdia s/n, Parc de Montjuïc, 08038 Barcelona, Cataluña, España.
a
Antecedentes: Los nombres populares de las plantas constituyen una de sus principales características etnológicas, entre otros
motivos por el hecho de ser casi siempre lo primero que el pueblo atribuye a cualquier planta y normalmente lo último que permanece, aun cuando las propiedades y utilizaciones ya han caído en el olvido y en desuso. En cualquier idioma, el corpus fitonímico
es enorme (y mayor aún si además de los nombres tradicionales se tienen en cuenta los creados de forma culta). En catalán han
sido recopilados hasta ahora más de 25.000 (1).
Objetivos: En esta comunicación pretendemos establecer las bases de una clasificación de los fitónimos en catalán e ilustrarla
con algunos ejemplos.
Métodos: Hemos partido de nuestros trabajos etnobotánicos y fitonímicos ((2) y referencias que contiene) y del corpus antes mencionado (1) para establecer una tipología fitonímica lo más completa posible.
Resultados y conclusiones: Hemos construido un entramado de categorías y subcategorías (en número aproximado de 50) que
ejemplifica las diferentes modalidades de formación y los significados de las denominaciones, siendo, en cierto modo, un reflejo
de la clasificación popular del mundo vegetal en el área cultural considerada.
Palabras clave: Clasificación popular, categorización de los fitónimos, Etnobotánica, Etnolingüística, lengua catalana, nombres de plantas.
Agradecimientos: AGAUR-Generalitat de Catalunya (2005ACOM00024, 2009ACOM00012, 2009ACOM00013), MICINN (SEJ2007-60873/
SOCI), Termcat-Centre de Terminologia. A. Agelet, M.À. Bonet, J. Muntané, A. Selga.
Referencias: 1. Vallès, J. (dir.). http://www.termcat.cat/dicci/noms_plantes/index.html, 2009, Barcelona: Termcat. 2. Vallès, J. et al. Est.
Lleng. Lit. Cat., 2005; 51: 273-293.
E8-O02
87
Los nombres de los árboles en las distintas lenguas de los Pirineos: una aproximación etnobotánica
L. Villar a, R. Garreta b, J. Vallès c
Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Jaca (Huesca), España; b Conservatoire botanique national des Pyrénées et de Midi-Pyrénées,
Bagnères de Bigorre, Francia; c Laboratori de Botànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Cataluña, España.
a
Antecedentes: La gran riqueza natural y cultural de los Pirineos se refleja en las más de 3500 especies que forman su flora y en
las seis lenguas que se hablan en el ámbito: aragonés, catalán, español, francés, occitano y vascuence. De las leñosas, unas 90
son árboles, en buena parte bien conocidos por los montañeses, que los bautizan y aprovechan de muy diversas maneras.
Objetivos: Presentar los nombres (mayormente vernáculos) de los árboles espontáneos e introducidos en los Pirineos, algunos
topónimos alusivos y sus principales usos populares.
Métodos: Partiendo de nuestros propios trabajos etnobotánicos en distintas áreas pirenaicas (Aragón, Bigorre y Cataluña sobre
todo) y acudiendo a otras fuentes hemos confeccionado una tabla de los nombres que reciben los árboles en cada una de las
lenguas pirenaicas, interpretando la especie o las especies involucradas y anotando sus aplicaciones y topónimos más conocidos.
Resultados y conclusiones: Hemos recogido un número aproximado de 500 nombres populares en dichas lenguas para casi un
centenar de especies arbóreas presentes en el Pirineo. Algunos taxones tienen uno o muy pocos nombres en cada idioma, mientras
que otros alcanzan 10 o más. Unos nombres se mantienen vivos y están muy extendidos, mientras que otros se usan menos o se
dan en un área pequeña. Casi todas las especies son o han sido útiles (industria, medicina y veterinaria populares, alimentación
animal humana, artesanía, folklore, etc.). Además, muchos nombres individuales o colectivos han pasado a la toponomia y antroponimia del territorio.
Palabras clave: Aragonés, árboles, catalán, Etnobotánica, español, euskera, fitonimia, francés, montañas, occitano.
E8-O03
Fitotoponimia de la provincia de Ciudad Real (España)
A. García-Villaraco a, M. Pardo de Santayana a, R. Morales b
a
Departamento de Biología (Botánica), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma, calle Darwin 2, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049
Madrid, España. b Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014, Madrid, España.
Antecedentes: Los fitotopónimos proporcionan datos muy interesantes de índole botánica, etnobotánica o etnoecológica. No se
conocen trabajos previos sobre este tema en Ciudad Real.
Objetivos: Se trata de una primera recopilación de fitotopónimos mayores y menores en dicha provincia castellano-manchega y
de realizar un análisis sucinto de los resultados obtenidos.
Métodos: Básicamente mediante recopilación de los nombres que aluden a plantas en los mapas militares (1) que corresponden
a dicha provincia de escalas 1:200000 y 1:50000. Ubicación mediante coordenadas UTM de precisión de 1 km de los nombres
obtenidos. Verificación del origen de algunos nombres, principalmente los de municipios, contrastando sobre todo con la obra de
Hervás. (2)
Resultados y conclusiones: Se han conseguido unos 114 fitotopónimos mayores y menores que corresponden a 56 especies
vegetales. Se listan por orden alfabético, poniendo en primer lugar el nombre de la planta a que se refiere. Se incluye una tabla
de nombres científicos con los fitotopónimos correspondientes. Por orden en número de referencias son: 6 – encina, peral; 5 - acebuche, fresno, retama, olmo; 3 – alcornoque, chopo, membrillo, moral, pino, rebollo, rosal, tamujo; 2 – almendro, avellano, brezo,
cáñamo, carrizo, castaño, guijo, higuera, jara, madroño, manzano, quejigo, sauce, zarza. El resto solamente una vez. Sorprende la
escasez de topónimos relacionados con el alcornoque y el madroño o la vid, tan frecuentes. Un topónimo de acebuchar permitió
localizar una población desconocida de acebuche.
Palabras clave: Fitotoponimia, Ciudad Real, España.
Referencias: 1. Mapa militar de España 1:200.000. Hojas 4-7, 5-7, 6-7, 4-8, 5-8, 6-8, 4-9, 5-9 y 6-9. Servicio Geográfico del Ejército.
Madrid. 2. Hervás, I. Diccionario histórico geográfico de la provincia de Ciudad Real. Ciudad Real. 1890.
88
E8-O04
Malherbología etnológica: las malas hierbas en la toponimia castellana y leonesa
M. Sanz Elorza
Dirección General del Catastro. Gerencia Territorial de Segovia, C/ Ildefonso Rodríguez 1, 40001, Segovia, España.
Antecedentes: Los estudios topomásticos de base biológica no son muy frecuentes en el ámbito lingüístico castellano. Menos
aún los referidos a las especies arvenses o malas hierbas. En este trabajo, tratamos de profundizar y ampliar los resultados dados
a conocer en un trabajo previo (Sanz Elorza, M. La flora y la fauna en la toponimia segoviana. Estudio del léxico de la naturaleza en
la provincia de Segovia. Segovia: Caja Segovia, Obra Social y Cultural; 2008).
Objetivos: La compilación y el análisis de los fitónimos relacionados o inspirados en las malas hierbas en el territorio de la comunidad autónoma de Castilla y León.
Métodos: Para la consecución de los objetivos se han utilizado dos fuentes de información: la base de datos georreferenciada
de nombres geográficos NOMGEO versión 29.09 del Instituto Geográfico Nacional (Ministerio de Fomento) y la base de datos de
parajes de la Dirección General del Catastro (Ministerio de Economía y Hacienda).
Resultados y conclusiones: Tras la revisión de 97.688 (IGN) y 556.626 (DGC) topónimos respectivamente, se pone en evidencia
la menor capacidad de generación de toponimia de las plantas herbáceas frente a las leñosas, si bien entre las primeras destacan
las especies arvenses o malas hierbas desde el punto de vista que nos ocupa, lo que demuestra su importancia en la cultura rural
popular de Castilla y León.
Palabras clave: Toponimia, malas hierbas, Castilla y León, España.
Agradecimientos: Instituto Geográfico Nacional: Agustín Cabria y Marta Montilla Lillo. Dirección General del Catastro: José María Rodrigo
Vega, Rafael Gallegos Vázquez, Aladino Blanco Pablo, José María de Mier López-Ocaña, Manuel Rojo Herrero, Leonardo Vicente Sánchez,
Alfredo Rodríguez Cifuentes, Ana Hernández Fernández de Rojas, María José Pérez Gañán y Juan R. García Vicario.
E8-O05
Fitonimia del macizo del Montseny (cordillera prelitoral catalana). Aspectos etnobotánicos, lingüísticos y toponímicos
M.A. Bonet a, J.C. Villalonga b
a
Laboratori de Botànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Cataluña, España. b, TERMCAT, Centre de Terminologia. Diputació, 119, 5ª. 08015 Barcelona, Cataluña, España.
Antecedentes: Las denominaciones populares de las plantas constituyen una parte significativa de la cultura popular relacionada
con el mundo vegetal y son, en muchas ocasiones, la expresión sintética de conocimientos ancestrales relativos a sus propiedades
y usos. Paralelamente, la relación de las personas con el medio natural -especialmente en las zonas montañosas- ha quedado
fijada en la toponimia (1), la cual es un reflejo del conocimiento histórico del territorio por parte de sus habitantes.
Objetivos: Tratar de describir el paisaje vegetal del macizo del Montseny a través de los fitotopónimos.
Métodos: A partir de los datos de un estudio etnobotánico y referencias que contiene (2) analizamos la presencia de nombres de
plantas en la toponimia, así como el conocimiento que sus habitantes tienen de las especies implicadas.
Resultados y conclusiones: Considerando un elevado número de topónimos del Montseny -alrededor de un centenar- que
contienen nombres de plantas hemos constatado un profundo conocimiento del medio y de su aprovechamiento por parte de los
habitantes de la zona. Este hecho demuestra, por un lado, el valor de la diversidad biológica del macizo y, por el otro, la capacidad
del lenguaje -y por tanto, de los conocimientos- para describir el paisaje.
Palabras clave: Fitonimia, Toponimia, Etnobotánica, Etnolingüística, Montseny.
Agradecimientos: Centre de Promoció de la Cultura Popular i Tradicional Catalana-Generalitat de Catalunya.
Referencias: 1. Generalitat de Catalunya. Nomenclàtor oficial de toponímia major de Catalunya. 2ª ed. Barcelona: Generalitat de Catalunya, Institut d’Estudis Catalans; 2009. 2. Bonet, M.À., Vallès, J. Plantes, remeis i cultura popular del Montseny. Etnobotànica d’una Reserva
de la Biosfera. Granollers: Museu de Granollers; Figueres: Ed. Brau; 2006.
E8-O06
89
Transfigurações da "árvore". Considerações sobre o género e suas alterações na lingua portuguesa
A.S. Dias a, L.S. Dias a, T. Santos b
a
Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Évora, [email protected], b Departamento de Filosofia, Universidade de Évora.
Enquadramento: A árvore, em particular a árvore de fruto, é frequentemente vista como um símbolo da vida, da generosidade da
Natureza, da fertilidade e do poder gerador da terra. O género da palavra usada para nomear esta entidade é assim particularmente significativo no âmbito da representação e leitura humana da Natureza que tende indubitavelmente por um lado a reflectir-se
e por outro a alicerçar-se na linguagem.
Objectivos: Eflectir sobre as causas e implicações das diferentes opções de género (masculino / feminino) para "árvore" nas
principais línguas e idiomas românicos da Península Ibérica.
Métodos: Pesquisa bibliográfica, etimológica e literária.
Resultados e conclusões: Nos principais idiomas peninsulares românicos "árvore" é um substantivo masculino apesar de no
latim original pertencer ao género feminino. É assim no castelhano, no asturiano, no galego, no leonês, no catalão e também no
idioma barranquenho da fronteira hispano-portuguesa, ao contrário do que acontece no português e na língua mirandesa onde é
feminino. Em português, até muito recentemente, ambos os géneros poderiam aplicar-se indiferentemente a esta palavra, tendo o
género feminino sido adoptado como norma pelo menos a partir de 1945. Neste particular, o português (e o mirandês) distingue-se
do universo das línguas românicas peninsulares (e não só) pelo uso do feminino para esta entidade natural que brota da terra, se
ramifica e pode gerar frutos. Adicionalmente, no português observa-se uma forte predominância do género feminino para nomear
árvores de fruto, em contraste com outros idiomas peninsulares.
Palavras-chave: Árvore, idiomas, género, línguas, Península Ibérica.
E8-O07
Contribución de la Fitoponimia y la Toponimia Forestal a la Sinfitocorología Histórica: algunos
ejemplos en La Rioja
C. López Leiva, J. Cuevas Moreno, L. Bajo González, E. Marcos Ruiz
Unidad de Botánica Forestal. Escuela Universitaria de Ingeniería Técnica Forestal. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Ciudad Universitaria
s/n. 28040 Madrid, España
Antecedentes: Los enfoques predominantemente etimológicos para estudios de toponimia riojana se desarrollan en la segunda
mitad del siglo XX. Con la recopilación toponímica de González Blanco (1) se dispone de una fuente base para la selección. Pero
escasean aproximaciones específicamente geobotánicas, con clasificaciones semánticas y asignación de táxones a las realidades
apeladas. En los últimos decenios, además, se han aportado nuevos documentos cartográficos sobre la vegetación riojana (2, 3), que
permiten la correlación con la distribución de agrupaciones vegetales.
Objetivos: Aportar una clasificación semántica de fitónimos, atendiendo a caracteres geobotánicos; indicar la distribución de
fitotopónimos de especies significativas; señalar algunos indicadores de agrupaciones vegetales o directamente relacionados
con ellos
Métodos: Se han efectuado selecciones a partir de información directamente suministrada por Catastro y de la obra de González
Blanco. Se han constituido bases de datos y empleado SIG para cruce con cartografía temática de vegetación.
Resultados y conclusiones: Del estudio, se infieren algunas cuestiones parciales sobre la fitodinámica de agrupaciones arboladas y de matorral, la interpretación histórica del paisaje e importancia de la actividad ganadera y la evolución de usos del suelo.
Palabras clave: Fitotoponimia, Toponimia Forestal, Sinfitocorología, La Rioja.
Referencias: 1. González Blanco, A. Diccionario de Toponimia Actual de La Rioja. Logroño. IER. 1988 2. Ruiz de la Torre, J. MFE. Hoja 6-3
"Logroño". Madrid. MAPA 3. López Leiva, C. MFE-Cubiertas No Arboladas. Madrid. MMA. 2007.
90
E8-O08
Nomenclatura popular de los recursos biológicos en Castilla-La Mancha (España)
J. Fajardo, A. Verde, A. Valdés, J. Botía, R. Roldán, D. Rivera, C. Obón
Antecedentes: Desde hace veinte años, nuestro equipo ha venido desarrollando en Castilla-La Mancha y zonas aledañas un
trabajo de investigación etnobiológica dentro del cual se han recopilado así mismo los nombres populares de los seres vivos o
biónimos de la zona. Esta información se esta registrando en una base de datos informática que se traducirá en un futuro catálogo
de los nombres populares de los recursos biológicos.
Objetivos: Recopilar el léxico popular asociado a los conocimientos etnobiológicos en Castilla-La Mancha. Analizar y estudiar el
origen y distribución de los diferentes vocablos y términos empleados. Realizar un catálogo de biónimos populares castellanomanchegos.
Métodos: Trabajo de campo; entrevistas abiertas y semiestructuradas a personas seleccionadas por sus conocimientos tradicionales sobre los recursos biológicos (informantes). Revisión bibliográfica de los antecedentes y publicaciones previas sobre el tema.
Registro informático en base de datos de toda la información.
Resultados y conclusiones: Durante este periodo de trabajo se han visitado más de 200 localidades, donde se han entrevistado
más de 1.000 informantes en casi 1.300 entrevistas individuales o colectivas, donde se han recogido casi 16.000 registros que
comprenden unos 8.000 nombres populares de animales, plantas y hongos correspondientes a más de 1.200 especies identificadas
con su nombre científico, en su mayoría plantas.
Palabras clave: Etnotaxonomía, Etnobiología, Bionimia.
E8-P01
Morfoanatomía de hojas de Eucalyptus cinerea F. Muell. ex Benth. (Myrtaceae)
S.M. Silva a, Y. Alquini a, L. Hoffmann b, T. Nakashima a
a
Universidade Federal do Paraná, Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Av. Pref. Lothário Meissner, 632, 80210-170, Curitiba,
Paraná, Brasil.
b
Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Av. Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, 84030-900, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brasil.
Eucalyptus cinerea F. Muell. ex Benth. (Myrtaceae) es popularmente conocido como "silver dollar tree" debido al color verde plateado de sus hojas. Importante especie aromática originaria de Austrália y aclimatada en Paraná – Brasil, presenta rendimiento
de aceite esencial superior al encontrado en las demás especies del género Eucalyptus (1). El estudio morfoanatómico de las hojas
de E. cinerea fue realizado con el objetivo de obtener datos morfoanatómicos de la hoja. El material botánico después de fijado en
FAA 70 % (2), fue sometido al análisis morfoanatómico, utilizando métodos usuales de microscopía fotónica y electrónica de barredura (3, 4). La hoja es sésil, cordiforme, margen lisa, disposición alternada con largura media de 4,68 cm y anchura media de 3,58
cm. Se observaron estomas anomocíticos en las dos caras del limbo foliar (hoja anfiestomática), mesofilo heterogéneo simétrico
(isolateral), epidermis uniseriada y cutícula espesa. Los haces vasculares son bicolaterales, envueltos por vaina parenquimática, y
se distribuyen formando patrones característicos, estableciendo la nervadura foliar de tipo reticulada. Se constataron idioblastos
conteniendo drusas de oxalato de calcio, además de la presencia de cavidades secretoras de aceite esencial a lo largo del mesofilo. En el análisis ultraestructural fue evidenciada la organización de la cera epicuticular y estomas. Se concluye que los datos
verificados para las hojas de E. cinerea, tanto morfológica como anatómicamente, constituyen elementos científicos de relevancia
para el control farmacognóstico de la especie.
Palabras clave: Eucalyptus cinerea, anatomía foliar, Myrtaceae.
Agradecimientos: Al taxonomista Olavo Guimarães por la identificación botánica, al Laboratorio de Microtécnica y al Centro de Microscopía Electrónica de la Universidad Federal do Paraná - UFPR, y al Programa de Becas Reuni de Asistencia a la Enseñanza por el apoyo
financiero.
Referencias: 1. Moreira, E.A. et al. Tribuna Farmacêutica 1980, v.48, n.1-2, p.44-54. 2. Johansen, D.A. Plant microtechnique. New York:
Mc Graw Hill Book, 1940. 3. Brito, J.F.A.; ALQUINI, Y. Arquivos de Biologia e Tecnologia 1996, v. 39, n. 4, p. 949-951. 4. Souza, W. Técnicas
de microscopia eletrônica aplicadas às Ciências Biológicas. 2.ed. Rio de Janeiro: Sociedade Brasileira de Microscopia, 2007.
E8-P02
91
Fitotoponímia das Terras de Miranda, Portugal. Relação entre os topónimos em mirandês, as plantas, os saberes e os vestígios de outras eras e povos
A.B. Alves a, M.T. Ramos b, A.M. Carvalho c
Centro de Estudos em Letras, Univ. de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro. b Eco Museu Terra Mater, Picote, Miranda do Douro. c CIMO/ESAB,
Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Ap. 1172, 5301-855 Bragança. Portugal. [email protected]
a
Enquadramento: Vários estudos etnobotânicos realizados em Terras de Miranda tornaram evidente a riqueza e variedade dos
nomes de muitas terras e lugares. A toponímia revela a percepção do povo sobre o seu território e regista as designações que os
nossos antepassados deram às terras. Na Terra de Miranda, muitas dessas designações estão associadas a nomes de espécies
vegetais e revelam algumas particularidades do mirandês e vestígios dos povos e civilizações que, ao longo dos séculos, por ali
passaram. Ficaram termos e expressões telúricas que formam a toponímia local, algumas de origem pré-latina e até pré-histórica,
a que a língua mirandesa aplicou as suas leis de pronúncia e também de morfossintaxe.
Objectivos: Recolher e registar designações fitotoponímicas e estabelecer a relação entre as plantas e as formas de organizar os
nomes que conferem um significado preciso aos territórios.
Métodos: Inquirição informal, levantamento toponímico e consulta e pesquisa bibliográfica.
Resultados e conclusões: Foi elaborada uma listagem de designações em mirandês e estabelecida a respectiva associação com
as espécies vegetais dominantes na região. Xaral (arabismo derivado de xara); Paneira (relacionado com pão, cereal); Bal Fenoso
(local onde se cultiva feno); Peinha l Nebro (relacionado com o nebro > zimbro); Tapada de las Nebreiras ( < nebro), são exemplos,
no meio de tantos outros, dos nomes que o homem aplicou aos locais, moldando-os à linguagem que falava. Ou seja, a toponímia,
primeira base e assentamento do vocabulário, para se saber e conhecer por onde se andava, pode também fornecer algumas
indicações sobre as culturas e plantas da região.
Palavras-chave: Fitotoponímia, Mirandês, Trás-os-Montes, Etnobotânica.
E8-P03
Contenido nutrimental de dos especies de flores de palmas comestibles en la reserva "Selva del
Ocote", México
A. Caballero Roque a, J. Ballinas, a J. Morales b
a
Unicach. Libramiento norte s/n. 29000. Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México.
b
INNSZ.Vasco de Quiroga 15. Tlalpan. 14000. México, DF.
Antecedentes: Mesoamérica, es una región que se localiza desde el Sur de México hasta Panamá, es el centro de origen de
importantes especies alimenticias (1). La reserva Selva el Ocote es un área natural protegida rica en biodiversidad en cuya zona
de amortiguamiento existen poblaciones indígenas (2) que utilizan los recursos naturales que tienen a su alrededor para la alimentación, este es el caso de las palmas pacaya (Chamaedora tepejilote) y chapaya (Astrocaryum mexicanum), que son utilizadas en
diferentes preparaciones de su dieta (3).
Objetivos: Determinar el contenido de nutrientes de 2 especies de palmas que se utilizan en la alimentación de la población que
habita en la Reserva de la Biósfera Selva el Ocote.
Métodos: Se realizaron encuestas estructuradas a un total de 25 mujeres. Se identificó datos de las plantas que utilizan para su
alimentación diaria. Se elaboró un listado libre de plantas y se analizaron las 2 especies de mayor uso en alimentación.
Resultados y conclusiones: Se determinó la composición nutrimental de la chapaya (Astrocaryum mexicanum) y la pacaya (Chamaedora tepejilote). La composición nutrimental permite conocer la calidad de la dieta de la población que los consume y fomentar
la conservación de este recurso natural para que continúe aportando beneficios para la alimentación.
Palabras clave: Flores, palmas, alimentación, nutrimentos.
Agradecimientos: UNICACH, INNSZ
Referencias: 1. Casas et al. América Indígena, 1987; Volumen 47: 317-343. 2. Programa de Manejo de la Reserva de la Biosfera Selva el
Ocote (PMREBISO). 2000. Comisión Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas. México. 3. Caballero et al. Valor de plantas comestibles no
cultivadas de la Reserva Selva el Ocote. 2010. Tesis doctoral. Unicach.
ISE
11th Congress of the International Society of Ethnopharmacology
(ISE 2010). Continuity and change in Ethnopharmacology:
ISE1. Ethnopharmacology and Biocultural Diversity
ISE2. Circum-Mediterranean Ethnopharmacology and Ethnobotany and the mutual interactions with
the Americas
ISE3. From traditional remedies to modern medicines – phytochemical, pharmacological and clinical
studies
ISE5. The interface between History and Ethnopharmacology
ISE6. The interface of Medicine and Food Plants
95
ISE1-O01 A sustainable approach to Ethnopharmacology – Biovision Foundation supports pilot project in
Kenya’s rainforest
W. Lwande , V. Albertin b, J. Bwire a, H.R. Herren b, F. Nduguli a, M. Nelima a, F. Wartmann b, B. Frei Haller b, c
a
a
International Centre for Insect Physiology and Ecology icipe, Kasarani/off Thika Rd., Nairobi, Kenya, b Biovision, Foundation for ecological development, Schaffhauserstr. 18, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland, c Université de Neuchâtel, Laboratoire de parasitologie moléculaire, Rue
Emile-Argand 11, 2009 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
Background: East Africa’s protected forests are home to many rare or endemic plant and animal species. Driven by local needs,
pressure on the forests has been increasing constantly over the last decades. Due to deforestation and over-exploitation of nontimber forest products, these vital and unique ecosystems are threatened with extinction.
Objectives: Farming families living in the vicinity of the forests are forced to use wood, plants and grass from protected areas in
an unsustainable way to secure their livelihoods. In order to counter-act to this trend whilst still enabling vital additional income
to be made by the farmers, Biovision and its local partner organization icipe demonstrate in a pilot project in the Kakamega forest
in northwest Kenya how local aromatic and medicinal plants can be planted on-farm. The plants are then sold for a fair price to
create an additional, forest-independent household income.
Methods: Local co-operatives work closely with icipe to monitor cultivation, secure a stable selling price and process the raw materials. The extracts from the aromatic and medicinal plants are used to create a range of products for various health and healing
purposes, and are sold at local and national markets in Kenya and Tanzania.
Results and conclusions: This project adds value to and motivates utilization of traditional knowledge. By generating new green
jobs and additional income, livelihoods of the local community have been improved. The project also enhances community participation in forest protection, especially of women and youth, by conducting environmental education and awareness on biodiversity
conservation. Technology transfer into the local communities enables new plant-based marketable products for improvement of
health and nutrition. The thousands of people in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda who buy and use them is proof of the continuing
success of this project.
Keywords: Africa, traditional knowledge, medicinal plants, green jobs, technology transfer, women, youth empowerment, biodiversity
conservation, improvement of health and nutrition.
ISE1-O02 A botanical and medicinal Ethnography of Vanuatu
G. Bradacs a, J. Heilmann b, O. Ullrich a, C. Weckerle c
Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland. [email protected]
b
Dept. of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
c
Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
a
Background: Vanuatu is considered as the world’s most diverse nation in terms of the number of actively spoken indigenous
languages per head of population, resulting in a great cultural diversity. The climate here varies from wet tropical in the northern
to dryer subtropical in the southern part, resulting in a huge biodiversity compared to many other islands in this region. This biodiversity together with the huge cultural variety made Vanuatu a unique target for an ethnobotanical survey.
Objectives: Investigation of differences in the traditional medicinal systems and the use of plants on the basis of three case
studies - namely islands differing in floristic composition due to their location in different climate zones and discriminative soil
composition as well as ethnological background of the inhabitants.
Methods: During five months of fieldwork ethnographic data concerning healing practices and the medicinal plants used were
collected on three islands using the semi-structured interview technique. The data obtained were analyzed in context with (ethno)
botanical literature already available for this region.
Results and conclusions: A comprehensive database on (ethno)botanical literature of Vanuatu was created listing about 2000
plant species of which about fifteen percent are traditionally used. Additionally different levels of knowledge loss were observed
in the three investigated areas reflecting the situation of the whole country.
Keywords: Vanuatu, Melanesia, Traditional Medicine, Ethnobotany
Acknowledgments: The authors are indebted to the Cultural Centre and the government of Vanuatu for giving permission for this research.
They also to thank the informants and fieldworkers for sharing their secrets.
96
ISE1-O03 Towards a database on Ethnobotany of the Catalan linguistic area
E. Carrió a, M. Parada a, J. Parada b, M. Rigat a, X. Sobrequis b, T. Garnatje c, J. Vallés a
Laboratori de Botànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. b Dixibit.
com, Girona, Catalonia, Spain. Institut Botànic de Barcelona, CSIC-ICUB, Passeig del Migdia s/n, Parc de Montjuìc, 080
a
Background: Databasing is one of the most extended activities in every field of research. In the fields of Economic Botany and
Ethnobotany, several databases exist, with thematic or geographic foundations, which make it easy quantitative works and comparative approaches. Our research group (http://www.etnobiofic.cat) is performing ethnobotanical surveys in different regions of
the Catalan linguistic area in the last 20 years.
Objectives: In this communication we will present the framework, the main characteristics and the results launched to date of a
database on the popular knowledge (names, uses, management) about plants in the Catalan language territories.
Methods: A team of botanists and experts in informatics has worked together to design and implement a database in MS-Access
format permitting to hold the results of our ethnobotanical researches (and further on also of other investigations) and to quantify
and analyse these data.
Results and conclusions: After carefully discussing the database structure and every term of the different thesauri (plant uses,
parts of plants, procedures of preparation, modalities of uses) we started introducing data. About 700 plants, 2000 Catalan names
and 6,000 medicinal uses are currently available, and this information will grow quickly. Although it is a general database, a significant pool of data belongs to the field of health (medicinal, food and related uses).
Keywords: Catalan speaking territories, ethnobotanical database, food plants, medicinal plants.
ISE1-O04 The importance of palms as medicinal resources in northwestern South America
M.J. Macía, R. Cámara-Leret, N. Paniagua-Zambrana
Departamento de Biología, Área de Botánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Darwin 2, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
Background: Palms are versatile and useful plants which have been widely used as ethnomedicinal resources throughout the
tropical rain forests regions of South America (1). In Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia, many ethnobotanical studies report tens
of medicinal species for indigenous and peasant communities in Amazonia, Andes and Chocó (Pacific coast).
Objectives: To review and analyze earlier studies on medicinal palm Ethnobotany in order to highlight the importance of this group
of plants for the Ethnopharmacology and biocultural diversity.
Methods: We extensively surveyed both literature in peer-review journals, and regional literature in many local publications of
the four countries. Medicinal information was extracted from 100 publications and organized into medicinal use categories by
ecoregions and human groups.
Results and conclusions: We found a total of 68 palm medicinal species and 590 use-reports grouped in 19 medicinal subcategories. The most important subcategories included species for the treatment of the digestive system, the respiratory system, and for
infections and infestations. The most used species were Oenocarpus bataua, Euterpe precatoria and Attalea phalerata. Amazonia
was clearly the region where palms were more used, wheras Andes and Chocó showed similar number of species. Indigenous
people reported much more medicinal information than mestizo people. In summary, palms are of great medicinal interest for
people of the tropical rain forests.
Keywords: Amazonia, Arecaceae, Chocó, Ethnomedicine, Palm Ethnobotany, Tropical Andes.
Acknowledgments: To Pedro Armesilla and Manuel Pardo de Santayana for their help with the database. This project was funded by the
7th Framework Programme of the European Union (grant # 212631).
References: 1. Plotkin & Balick 1984 Journal of Ethnopharmacology 10: 157- 179.
97
ISE1-P01 The Medicinal Use of Invertebrates in Northern Vietnam
M. Teravainen a, K. Dang Long b, N. Phuong Lien b, N. Huy Phong b, N. Duc Hiep b, J. Muona a
Finnish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 17, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. [email protected] b Institute of
Ecology & Bioresources (IEBR), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, Vietnam
a
Background: Animal-based traditional remedies have received less attention in pharmacological research than those made from
plants. However, it is known that especially invertebrates contain potent compounds that could be utilized in medicine. Such medicinal practices are also found among northern Vietnamese ethnic minority groups, who continue to rely on self-made remedies.
Objectives: This study presents the medicinal uses of insects, arachnids, molluscs and earthworms among indigenous ethnic
minority groups in northern Vietnam, as well as findings on how these practices evolved in the region.
Methods: Interviews and phylogenetic analyses.
Results and conclusions: Some 40 invertebrates or their products were identified for their medicinal properties. Phylogenetic
analyses reveal the relative roles of vertical and horizontal transmission in the evolution of this practice.
Keywords: Ethnomedicine, invertebrates, Vietnam.
ISE1-P02 Plants used as pesticides in Hidalgo State, México
M.A. Villavicencio Nieto, B.E. Pérez Escandón, B.N. López Gutiérrez, A.J. Gordillo Martínez
Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo. Carr. Pachuca-Tulancingo km 4.5, CP 42184, Pachuca, Hidalgo, México.
Background: Plants may provide an alternative to the currently used synthetic agents to control pests (1,2). Farmers in Hidalgo
State, presently use plant materials to control pests. The toxicity and the environmental impact of many synthetic drugs justify the
study of alternative drugs.
Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the use of the plants to control pests and to test the extracts of 32 species of plant and one compound as a pesticide.
Methods: Ethnobotanical data first was obtained using semi-structured interviews of the inhabitants of the state. The insecticidal
activity of 32 plant extracts and one isolated compound were evaluated in a force feeding test with Sitophilus zeamais.
Results and conclusions: In Hidalgo, 124 species of plants, from which residents obtain 186 products are used to control 29
types of pests. The species with greatest importance as pesticides were Trichilia havanensis, Psidium guajava, Mentha rotundifolia, Ipomoea stans and Tagetes lucida. In the tests carried out, alcohol extract from Barkleyanthus salicifolius, T. havanensis, Decatropis bicolor, Schinus molle, Erythrina americana and Plumbago pulchella showed high anti-feeding activity (AA) (ANOVA F=32.7 df
31 p=0.0001) and mortality (M) (ANOVA F=14.12 df 31 p=0.0001) against S. zeamais. Plumbagin was identified (by GC-MS) as the
active principle responsible for the insecticidal activity from Plumbago pulchella. Hidalgo residents are strongly dependent on the
local flora to control pests using multiple strategies combined with traditional techniques.
Keywords: Plants as pesticides, Hidalgo State, México.
Acknowledgments: To the Programa Nacional de Posgrados de Calidad PNPC CONACyT 00312.
References: 1. Arnason, J.T. et al. Insecticides of plant origin. Washington. American Chemical Society. 1989. 2. Isman, M.B. Ann Rev
Entomol 2006. 51: 45–66.
98
ISE1-P03 Evaluation of cestocidal efficacy of Acacia oxyphylla (Leguminosae)
B. Roy, S. Dasgupta
North-Eastern Hill University
Background: Acacia oxyphylla Graham ex Bentham is a commonly used medicinal plant by natives in North east India, the stem
bark of which is reported to be anthelmintic
Objectives: In this study the in vitro effect of crude alcoholic extract and active component of the plant were tested using ultrastructural, histochemical and biochemical parameters.
Methods: Adult Raillietina echinobothrida collected from freshly sacrificed domestic fowl were exposed to various concentrations of extract and active component. Normal and treated materials were processed for histochemical, biochemical and electron
microscopic observation following standard procedure
Results and conclusions: Time taken for paralysis and death of parasites revealed to be dose dependent and significant at pble
deformity of tegumental architecture, destruction and deformation of cytoplasmic organelles along with decline in level of trace
elements (Ca and Mg), many amino acids like arginine, glycine, alanine and glutamine, and reduced activity of vital enzymes in
the parasite tissue. The isolated active component also showed ultrastructural alteration and decline in vital enzyme activity.
Ultrastructural and biochemical changes observed on the treated parasites may be due to generalised stress response. Considerable structural and functional alterations in the treated parasites are suggestive of an efficient vermicidal activity of A. oxyphylla
derieved botanical(s) against cestodes.
Keywords: Acacia oxyphylla, Anthelmintic.
ISE1-P04 Evaluation of the insecticidal activity from Tithonia diversifolia and Clibadium sylvestre in the
control of Atta cephalotes L.
N. Pino, E. Palacios, L. Perea
Technological University of Chocó, block 6 Laboratory 316 Group Natural Products, B/ Nicolas Medrano, 270002, Quibdó, Chocó, Colombia.
Background: Tithonia diversifolia and Clibadium sylvestre are used in various tropical countries as remedy against malaria, intestinal parasites, chill, liver problems, also as insecticides and ictiotoxics. Natural insecticides or natural protection of crops reduce
the risk of insect’s resistance, they have less lethal consequences for natural enemies, reduce the arrival of secondary pests, are
less harmful to humans and causes no damage to the environment (1).
Objective: Evaluate the effect of T. diversifolia and C. sylvestre to control Atta cephalotes
Methods: Using the methodology proposed by Adoyo et al. (2) modified for the cutting ant control, which takes into account aspects such as: inventory, cleaning, measuring, marking, and identification of the nest; descriptive and exploratory one-dimensional
analysis, also structure and population density was analyzed, with Shapiro-Wilk and Levenne test to homogeneity of variances.
Results and conclusions: We found 44 nests of A. cephalotes, the treatment that showed more activity was the mix of T.
diversifolia and C. sylvestre. Diluted sample 1:2 v/v with a 93% decrease of the forage activity, significant differences between
the treatments was presented at a confidence level of 95.0%. These species are an important less cost alternative to be used
sustainably by people in rural areas.
Keywords: Useful plants, Insecticidal activity, Asteraceae.
Acknowledgments: Financial support from UTCH, CENIVAM and COLCIENCIAS are gratefully acknowledged
References: 1. Gómez, A. L. Annotations for the environmental management of ecosystems. Medellin, Colombia, 2001. 2. Adoyo, F.,
Mukalama, J. B. et al. Leisa Agricultures Magazine, 1998. 13 (4): 24-25.
99
ISE1-P05 Review of Oncology-focused publications in field of Chinese Herbal Medicine
R. Kumari a, J. de Lucio Cazana b, L. Garcia Bermejo b, S Watson a
a
Division of Pre-Clinical Oncology, University of Nottingham UK, NG7 2UH.
b
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcala, Spain.
Background: A series of 192 published papers in the field of in vivo cancer research in Chinese Herbal medicines (CHM) were
reviewed to allow an analysis scientific quality.
Objectives: To review the quality of experimental method, data analysis and scientific interpretation in the use of CHM in in vivo
cancer models.
Results and conclusions: The most common cancer types studied were gastrointestinal, mainly stomach and colon, followed
by breast and prostate. The majority of experimental animals were either conventional or nude mice (82%) and the majority of
models involved use of xenograft, syngeneic cancers or carcinogen-induced models (94% in total). The models were simple, i.e.
subcutaneous implantation, mostly derived from cell lines and treated orally by gavage or via the diet (51%).The main signaling
pathways involved those associated with apoptosis and angiogenesis. Biomarkers were infrequently used with PSA being the most
commonly cited. Very few details on associated toxicity were described, and, where defined, were associated with weight loss.
A small number of studies (20%) compared test agent effects with Western standard of care agents and in terms of experimental
design, 50% of studies used group sizes >5, 40-50% had appropriate statistical analyses and included a relevant control. However
only 14% cited compliance with a regulatory authority. Variation in tumor size within experiments was not shown in 41% of studies
but where shown was >10% in 34% studies and clinically-relevant treatment of established lesions were only described in 19%
of papers.
Overall the quality of research was insufficient/poor in 41% of papers and good/ excellent in 9%.
ISE1-P06 Significance of Tovomita species in strict diets in Chazuta valley (Peruvian Amazon)
J. Sanz-Biset, S. Cañigueral
Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona. Av. Diagonal, 643. E-08028 Barcelona (Catalonia).
Background: Ethnomedical reports for Tovomita species (Clusiaceae) are scarce in the literature. Nevertheless, they have been
detected as the main plants used in Chazuta valley (Peruvian Amazon) in the traditional healing practices known there as strict
diets (1).
Objectives: Evaluate the possible role of Tovomita species in strict diets.
Methods: An ethnopharmacological field work on the use of plants in strict diets was performed in Chazuta Valley and results
were confronted to the existing literature.
Results and conclusions: In strict diets, plant remedies are consumed with nearly fasting and with some sort of seclusion. These
practices: a) always produce depurative effects, b) usually originate other physiological or pharmacological effects, c) sometimes
induce holotropic states of consciousness. The plants more frequently used are Tovomita stylosa (34 of 122 reports) and T. foldatsii
(29 of 122 reports). A wide range of medicinal uses was recorded for the diets with these plants, which are considered a panacea in
Chazuta. In the literature, only cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities have been described for Tovomita species, that have been related to the presence of xanthones, benzophenones and betulinic acid (2-4). However, other pharmacological activities that could be
related to the use of Tovomita species in strict diets have been reported for xanthones of the Clusiaceae, such as anti-inflammatory
and psychoactive activities (5).
Keywords: Tovomita, strict diets, xanthones, benzophenones.
References: 1. Sanz-Biset J, Cañigueral S. 6th European Colloquium on Ethnopharmacology. Leipzig, 2007. Poster. 2. Seo EK et al. Phytochemistry 1999; 52: 669-674. 3. Zhang ZZ et al. Planta Med 2002; 68: 49-54. 4. Pecchio M. et al. J Nat Prod 2006; 69: 410-413. 5. Bennett
GJ, Lee, HH. Phytochemistry 1989; 28: 967-998.
100
ISE1-P07 Evaluating the contribution of the reintroduction and use of yagé in Siona indigenous communities
in Putumayo, Colombia
L. Matías-Hernández, S. Fustukian
Institute for International Health and Development, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, Scotland. [email protected]
Some factors could explain the significant improvement of health and social indicators in a few developing countries in Asia and
South-America. The integration and complementation side by side of ancient medicinal alternatives with allopathic medicine has
been identified as one of the factors for improving wellbeing and health at community level. Among these traditional medicine
alternatives, the use of medicinal plants is a fundamental component within the indigenous health systems in many parts of the
world.
The Amazon Piedmont region of Putumayo in Colombia, where the research project has taken place, due to its high degree of
local endemism is considered one of the regions in the world with more biological biodiversity. In addition, the Amazon piedmont
is home of a great diversity of indigenous groups that live in symbiosis and respect with their surrounding nature, keeping their
ancestral shamanic traditions. Despite their great variability of fauna, flora and indigenous cultures, the Amazon piedmont has a
common element, which is the anthropological sacred ceremony of yagé medicinal plant consumption. Yagé or Ayahuasca is either
a medicinal plant or a plant of knowledge. As a medicinal plant, yagé is generally used to diagnose and treat mental and physical
diseases, while as a plant of knowledge is used for understanding the problems and realities of their social-cultural organization.
Unfortunately, the lost of indigenous areas in the Colombian Amazon Piedmont due to uncontrolled land occupancy by armed
militias and narcotic industry in last decades has had a direct negative impact on sources for local medicinal plants. Consequently,
some indigenous communities have not been able to conserve their yagé ritual and other local medical traditions. In addition, the
difficulties in accessing allopathic health services in that area have created a poor health situation for many of the indigenous
communities in Putumayo.
In last years, local institutions have fortunately reacted by protecting and recognizing indigenous traditional medicine as real
medicine as well as by strengthening and promoting the transmission of the use of yagé knowledge among different tribes. This
research has evaluated and elucidated, with a humanistic perspective, the contribution and impact of the reintroduction and use
of yagé in two Siona indigenous communities in a remote area in the Colombian Amazon-Piedmont region of Putumayo. Results
has shown how after seven years of the yagé reintroduction either health or well-being parameters has significantly improved in
these Siona communities.
ISE1-P08 Establishment of a Dynamic Ethnomedicinal Database based on Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants
P. Guo, Z.Z. Zhao, F.S.J. Hung, M.H. Wu, H.B. Chen
School of Chinese Medicine. Hong Kong Baptist University. Kowloon. Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. P. R. China. Tel No: +8523411-2424. E-mail: [email protected]
Background: The 4-volume Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants (simplified Chinese version) has been named one of the 22 most
outstanding imported science books (2007) in China. The entire book is consisted of the Eastern Chapter (volumes 1-2, commonly
used medicinal plants of traditional Oriental medical systems, such as those from China, Japan, the Korean Peninsula, and India),
the Western Chapter (volume 3, commonly used American and European medicinal plants, such as those from Europe, Russia, and
the United States) and the Lingnan Chapter (volume 4, medicinal plants commonly used and produced in the Lingnan area, including
those commercially circulated via this area). A total of 500 commonly used ethnobotanicals (involving over 800 species of medicinal
plants) are recorded with the latest botanical, phytochemical, pharmacological and clinical data together with the characteristics
and perspectives of each individual ethnobotanical. 1358 high resolution digital pictures of the original plants, medicinal materials
and their plantation sites are included.
Objectives: Establishes an on-line ethnomedicinal database, providing comprehensive information on contemporary medicinal
plants.
Methods: Based on the contents of Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants, multimedia techniques are adopted to design the web
pages, and ethnobotanical approaches are used to identify and maintain the related voucher specimens.
Results and conclusions: The ethnobotanical database is serving as a bridge that facilitates academic and cultural communication regarding ethnomedicinal plants.
Keywords: Ethnobotanical database, Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants.
Acknowledgments: Hong Kong Jockey Club Institute of Chinese Medicine Limited
References: 1. Zhao, Z. Z., Xiao, P. G. Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants. Shanghai: World Publishing Corporation, 2010.
101
ISE1-P09 Mixtures of Medicinal Plants used in Navarra (Spain)
R.Y. Cavero a, S. Akerreta a, M.I. Calvo b
a
Department of Plant Biology (Botany), Faculty of Sciences, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea s/n, 31008 Pamplona, Spain. b Department of
Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea s/n, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
Background: This work provides significant ethnobotanical information on medicinal plant uses in mixtures.
Objectives: To collect, analyze and evaluate the Ethnobotany knowledge about medicinal plants in a northern Iberian region
(Navarra, 10421 km2, 620377 inhabitants).
Methods: Fieldwork was carried out from 2004 to 2007 (1). We performed semi-structured interviews with 667 informants (mean
age 72; 56% women, 44% men), identified the plant reported and analyzed the results. The data was analyzed using quantitative
indexes.
Results and conclusions: Informants reported 152 plant mixtures, in which 102 different plant species are used. 52% of mixtures
were for internal administration and 48% for external use (infusion and ointment are the most employed, respectively). It worth
mentioning the 39 mixtures recopilated for dermatological problems; 30 for respiratory tract infections and 22 to treat digestive
problems. Pharmacological action from plant mixtures should be attributed to the synergy among all plants more than to individual
medicinal properties, so that the recognition of the contribution of each plant to the final effect becomes somehow difficult.
Keywords: Traditional plant Knowledge; Ethnobotany; Medicinal plants.
Acknowledgments: We thank all our informants, who were happy to share with us their knowledge. This study has been subsidized by a
grant from the Navarra Government, and the Foundation Universidad de Navarra.
References: 1. Akerreta, S., 2009. Etnobotánica farmacéutica en Navarra: del uso tradicional de las plantas medicinales a su evidencia
científica. PhD Thesis, Faculty of Science, University of Navarra, 831pp. 1 CD.
ISE1-P10 Antibacterial activity of extracts from endemic "Montado" species against multi-drug resistant
pathogens
B. Lai a, A. Duarte a, G. Teixeira b, A.I. Correia c, N. Oliveira a, A.M. Madureira a
a
Med.UL, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal. b Centro de Biologia Ambiental, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal, c Centro de Biologia Ambiental, FCUL,
ed. C2, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
Background: The "Montado" is a unique Mediterranean ecosystem, whose importance is related to its huge biological diversity.
Medicinal and aromatic plants are an important part of "Montado" flora and it´s scientific evaluation will strengthen the interest
on their biological applications.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of several "Montado" plants: Adenocarpus complicates
ssp. anisochilus, Sanguisorba hybrida, Erica lusitanica, Quercus faginea, Lavandula luisieri and Paeonia broteroi against both
sensitive and resistant standard bacteria.
Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined by using the serial broth microdilution method against
S. aureus strains (ATCC 6538, 43866 and 106760) and Gram-negative bacteria (P. aeruginosa, S. typhimurium, and K. pneumoniae).
Results and conclusions: 70% of extracts had activity against S. aureus sensitive strains (MICs 62-7.5 µg/mL). The active extracts were screened for multiresistant bacteria. 50% and 84% of the extracts showed activity, with MICs values ranging 62-7.5
µg/mL against S. aureus meticillin resistant (MRSA) and vancomycin resistant (VRSA), respectively. All extracts of Sanguisorba
hybrida displayed high activity against both S. aureus sensitive and VRSA strains with MICs values of 30-7.5 µg/mL, while the
methanol and water extracts had strong activity against the MRSA strains with MIC of 7.5 µg/mL. No activity was detected against
Gram negative bacteria.
Keywords: Antibacterial activity; Multiresistant strains; MIC determination; Montado flora.
Acknowledgments: The UL / FAD 2009/2010 for Bianca Lai´s scholarship.
102
ISE1-P11 Salvia divinorum: Its novel use and representation on the WWW
I. Casselman a, M. Heinrich b
School of Pharmacy - Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, London, UK. [email protected]. b Centre for Pharmacognosy and
Phytotherapy, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX
a
Background: Over the past decade the novel use of the Mexican psychoactive Labiatae, Salvia divinorum, has developed outside
of Mexico (Casselman 2009). Use by the Mazatec, in Oaxaca contrasts this emerging, novel, worldwide use. While Mazatec ingest
the leaves under the guidance of a curandero or curandera (Wasson & Hoffman 1963), the novel use is characterized by users
smoking the leaf fortified with salvinorin A (Baggott et al 2004), the active psychoactive chemical compound in Salvia divinorum
(Ortega et. al. 1982). A predominant mode of information exchange regarding this novel use is through various WWW user generated content (UGC) interfaces (often referred to as Web 2.0) such as YouTube and Wikipedia (Casselman 2009).
Objectives: To understand how user generated content interfaces contributes to ethnopharmacological information exchange on
the WWW through UGC interfaces.
Methods: Digital trace (Jenetzko 2008) was utilized to collect data for this project. This set of unobtrusive measures combine the
collection qualitative and quantitative data from WWW UGC sources.
Results and conclusions: a) The use of S. divinorum and its representation on the WWW, specifically UGC interfaces, is increasing. b) there are four distinct differences between the Mazatec use of S. divinorum and the novel use. Mazatec use: leaves
chewed, endemic to Oaxaca, administered by a trained practitioner, part of a ritualized practice. Novel use: leaves smoked, global
use, self-administered, used outside of a ritualized practice.
Keywords: Salvia divinorum, YouTube, Wikipedia, User Generated Content, Unobtrusive Measures, Digital Trace, Ethnobotany 2.0.
ISE1-P12 Diffusion indices as innovative tools to compare ethnopharmacological data. Case of antileishmanial plant species in Amazonias
G. Odonne a,b, D. Stien a, G. Bourdy b
a
UMR EcoFoG, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane – CNRS, 97337 Cayenne cedex, France.b UMR 152 (Laboratoire de pharmacochimie
des substances naturelles et pharmacophores redox) Université de Toulouse UPS – IRD, 118, rte de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse cedex 9,
France.
Background: Studies specifically focused on phytotherapeutic treatments of leishmaniasis in Amazonia are rare. However, it was
found from the literature that 250 vegetal species are used in a variety of cultures and places against this disease.
Objectives: The goal is here to design a tool for the analysis of these data in order to assess representativeness of the useful
species.
Methods: Thus, three indices were developed. Cultural diffusion index gives the distribution rate of a species among different cultural groups. It is calculated as the ratio of the number of groups using the species to the total number of groups cited. Geographical diffusion index allowed us to quantify spatial distribution of the uses of a species in the region. It is calculated geometrically by
measuring the average distance between the points where uses are reported and the barycenter of those points. The last index is
an arithmetic combination of the previous two, giving information on both cultural and spatial criteria.
Results and conclusion: Several repartition patterns were highlighted: some species are used in restricted areas while they are
present on either side of Amazonia, and other, widespread too, are used everywhere. Our work shows that these indices, applied
to plant species used against a given disease, are an interesting tool to analyze literature relative to traditional uses.
Keywords: Leishmaniasis, Amazonia, diffusion indices, medicinal plants, traditional remedies.
103
ISE1-P13 Comparison of the chemical profiles and anti-platelet aggregation effects of two "Dragon’s blood"
drugs used in Traditional Chinese Medicine
Tao YI, Hu-Biao Chen, Zhong-Zhen Zhao, Jing Liu
School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, P. R. China
Background: Imported Dragon’s Blood is the prepared resin of the fruit of Daemonorops draco Bl. (Fam. Palmae). Having a reputation for facilitating blood circulation and dispersing blood stasis, this resinous medicine is commonly prescribed for the treatment
of traumatic injuries, blood stasis and pain. Because of biodiversity, native medicinal plants could be explored for similar therapeutic purposes in folk medicine. The prepared resin of the stem of Dracaena cochinchinensis has been used as "domestic Dragon’s
Blood" instead of "imported Dragon’s Blood" in some areas of China. The original plant of the two medicines are different, and the
alternative use each other should be based on a chemical and pharmacological study.
Objectives: The present investigation is proposed to compare the chemical composition and the inhibitory effects of the two
medicines on platelet aggregation.
Methods: A UPLC-PAD-ESI/MS fingerprinting method was developed to characterize the various constituents of two medicines.
The anti-platelet aggregation effects of two medicines on AA induced rat platelet aggregation were evaluated using light transmission, respectively.
Results and conclusions: The results revealed that the developed UPLC-PAD-MS method could unambiguously identify the two
medicines, and the characteristic constituents of the two medicines are found to be: flavanes in imported Dragon’s Blood and
stilbenes in domestic one, respectively. From the result of anti-platelet aggregation tests, it was shown that the inhibitory effect
of imported Dragon’s Blood were more potent than that of domestic one.
Keywords: Dragon’s Blood; Daemonorops draco; Dracaena cochinchinensis.
ISE1-P14 Medicinal plants in the markets of Pucallpa, Peruvian Amazon
X. Jauregui García a, M. Clavo Peralta b, M. Pardo-de-Santayana a
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), C/ Darwin, 2, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Spain.
b
Veterinary Institute for Tropical and High Altitude Research (IVITA), C/Daniel Carrión 319, Apartado postal 245, Pucallpa, Peru.
a
Background: Pucallpa, the capital of the Amazonian province of Ucayali (Peru) is, economically speaking, one of the most dynamic
cities in the Peruvian Amazon, and is considered to be the centre of the country’s lumber industry.
Objectives: To know the medicinal plants sold in Pucallpa, and to understand the functional dynamic of the markets themselves.
Methods: During the years 2003-2008 an ethnobotanical survey of the popular markets of Pucallpa was carried out. Twenty stalls
(71% of the total) were selected, and more than 50 regular and occasional suppliers were identified. Semi-structured interviews of
the sellers and their suppliers were conducted. Detailed information about all the plants sold in the market was collected using a
specially designed questionnaire. Photographs were taken of the plant parts used, and a herbarium of all the species was created.
Results and conclusions: 174 species belonging to 57 families were identified, and 300 different medicinal remedies used in the
treatment of 113 subcategories of therapeutic use were registered. The practice of traditional medicine continues to be a viable
alternative to conventional medicine. The "native mind" does not fully trust in the medical system practiced in the hospitals and
clinics. Despite this, there is the risk of losing, in the near future, a large part of the traditional knowledge and wisdom that is a
product of thousands of years in close relationship with nature.
Keywords: Street markets, Medicinal plants, Amazonia, Peru.
Acknowledgements: To each of the key informants for his/her patience, hospitality and receptivity. To Don Julio Ruiz Torrejón, President
of the Biodiversity Foundation of Peru, for his advice and hospitality. To IVITA Pucallpa for their collaboration in the identification of the
species, and to Jorge Gahona for preparing the plant samples and herbarium.
104
ISE1-P15 Sustainable use of wild medicinal plants: a case study in Nabanhe National Nature Reserve, Yunnan/China
S.F. Bucher a, B. Ghorbani b, Dr. G. Langenberger b , J. Sauerborn b
a
University of Hohenheim, Institute of Botany (210), Garbenstraße 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.b University of Hohenheim, Institute for
Plant Production and Agroecology in the Tropics and Subtropics (380b) Garbenstr. 13, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
Background: 87% of all components in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) are plants mainly collected from wild resources.
Prevailing collection practices are often not sustainable which not only threatens plant populations and ecosystems, but also
endangers the livelihood of the collectors. Although cultivation is possible, management plans for sustainable collection from wild
resources could be developed.
Objectives: The aim of the study was to find out ethnomedicinal use, ethnoecological knowledge and harvest practices of target
medicinal plant species and to find out what the sustainable harvest would look like.
Methods: Five medicinal plant species (Tacca chantrieri André, Paris polyphylla Sm., Stemona tuberosa Lour., Asparagus subscandens F.T. Wang & S.C. Chen and A. filicinus Buch.- Ham. ex D. Don) were selected. These species are used in TCM as well as in
folk medicine by local minorities. Data on medicinal plant use and plant collection was obtained by interviews. To estimate the
plant population status, striptransects were conducted in forests, along rivers and in fallow lands around five selected villages.
Results and conclusions: The harvest is not sustainable. Only the subterranean parts of the plants are medicinally used and
the whole plants are therefore excavated. Amounts harvested are determined by market demands rather than ecological aspects.
The Asparagus species are rarely used in local ethnomedicine, whereas Paris polyphylla is regarded as highly effective among the
people in the area. But highest harvest amounts derives from the Asparagus species, lowest of Paris, since it´s abundance is very
low whereas Asparagus is to be found in comparably large numbers and used elsewhere. Populations are decreasing according
to the local informants because collection impact is too high and natural habitats are destructed. Still sustainable harvest of the
remaining plants could be possible if existing harvest methods would change.
Keywords: TCM, non timber forest products, NTFP, wild plant collection, biodiversity conservation.
ISE1-P16 Anatomical characterizacion, anti-tripanocide and free radical scavenging activities of Castela
tweedii Planch. (Simaroubaceae)
L. Pulido Garcia a, O. Di Sapio c, I. Nocito b , M.N. Campagna c, M. Gattuso c
a
Producción Vegetal y Tecnología Agraria E.T.S.I.A. UCLM. Campus Universitario, Albacete, España. b Virología y c Farmacobotánica. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmaceúticas. UN de Rosario. Suipacha 531, S2002LRK Rosario, Argentina. E-mail: mgattuso@fbioyf.
unr.edu.ar.
Background: Castela tweedii Planch. is a small tree that grows mainly in South America. Decoction of leaves and bark was
popularly used against gastrointestinal disorders and diarrhea.
Objectives: The aim of this work is to study anatomical and biological features to contribute to the analysis of C. tweedii stem,
bark and leaves.
Methods: Longitudinal and transversal sections stained with safranine-fastgreen were evaluated.
Results and conclusions: Bark: remaining rhytidome was made up of 1-2 peridermis. Phloem was separated by fibers in small
clusters and limited by tangential bands of axial parenchyma. Wood: diffuse-porous, paratracheal confluent parenchyma and rays
of 1-5 cells wide, with abundant oxalate crystals. Leaf was dorsiventral and hipostomatic. Epidermis single-layered with unicellular
hairs and mucilaginuos hypodermis. Tripanocide and free radical scavenging capacity were studied in leaf, bark and wood dichloromethanic and ethanolics extracts. Wood and bark diclromethanic extract were active against Tripanosoma cruzi epimastigotes,
with percentage of parasite’s growth inhibition of 78% and 69% each. Leaf ethanolic extracts showed the highest DPPH scavenging capacity (IC50=60 mg/mL).The compounds responsible for this activity were of phenolic nature. The results of this work might
contribute to identification and standardization of C. tweedii.
Keywords: Castela tweedii, Simaroubaceae, Anatomical study, Trypanocide, Antioxidant activity.
105
ISE1-P17 Traditional andalusian phytotherapy: synthesis and comparative analysis between eastern and
western Andalusia
M.R. González-Tejero, J. Molero Mesa, G. Benitez, R. Velasco, J. Vilches
Dpto. Botánica, Universidad de Granada, España. [email protected]
Background: In Andalusia, ethnobotanical studies started in the 80s with a work dedicated specifically to recover the knowledge
of medicinal plants in the province of Granada. Gradually, the research in this discipline spreads over to other areas of Andalusia
and currently large areas of our community are known in this regard. In this paper, a synthesis of Andalusian popular herbal medicine is done, taking as reference different published unpublished studies.
Objective: To analyze comparatively the ethnobotanical resources of medicinal interest in Andalusia, with particular attention to
the differences and / or similarities between the information known in western and eastern Andalusia
Methods: The information has been indexed in a database, including among other information, the study site, listed taxa, parts of
the plant used, preparation methods, pathology and pathologic groups according to Adjanohoun et al. (1989) and when possible,
number of references to its use. Qualitative and quantitative technologies will be use for making the analysis.
Results: The results are set out in the comparison of eastern and western Andalusia traditional herbal medicine, establishing
similarities and differences as well as possible vicariance in relation to the species used and diseases treated with plants
Keywords: Ethnobotany, Medicinal plants Andalusia, Spain.
ISE1-P18 The medicinal use of acorns in the Iberian Peninsula
E. García Gómez a, M. Pardo de Santayana b , J. Pereira Sieso c
Diputación Provincial de Toledo. Servicio de Medio Ambiente. Plaza de Padilla, 2. 45002 - Toledo (Spain).
b
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Departamento de Biología (Botánica), Facultad de Ciencias, calle Darwin 2, Campus de Cantoblanco,
28049 Madrid, España.
c
Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha. Facultad de Humanidades. Plaza de Padilla s/n. 45002 -Toledo (Spain).
a
Background: Although acorns, the fruits of the different Quercus species, have played a very important role in human and animal
nutrition since prehistoric times, their medicinal role has been neglected and is not well known.
Objectives: To review the medicinal importance of acorns during history in the Iberian Peninsula: their medical indications, methods of preparation, ways of administration, dosage and duration of treatments.
Methods: Extensive bibliographic review of references in archaeological, historical, literary and ethnobotanical books and journals
and ethnobotanical semistructured interviews with 42 informants of Toledo, Cáceres and Badajoz (Spain).
Results and conclusions: Only few references were found about the curative uses of acorns. Most of them were from Quercus
ilex subsp ballota (holm oak), the most widely spread species of the genus in the Iberian Peninsula. Other species used were: Q.
suber, Q. faginea, Q. pyrenaica, Q. robur, Q. coccifera, etc.
Their main use was against diarrea, although it was administered in different ways. They have been also used against bones and
joints ache, heartburn, to cure sores, to soften calluses, to relieve earache or as an antidote against poisoning. It is an abundant
fruit that can be found homogenously spread in the Iberian Peninsula. Therefore people have taken advantage of it for many uses.
The most important are those that meet basic needs such as food and health.
Keywords: acorn, Ethnopharmacology, Quercus ilex subsp. ballota, holm oak.
106
ISE1-P19 Medicinal plant uses linked to the transhumance cattle track of the Cañada Real Segoviana in
Toledo (central Spain)
J. Rojo, F. Fernández-González, S. Sardinero, R. Pérez-Badia
Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha. Avda, Carlos III s/n, 45071, Toledo, España.
Background: Iberian Peninsula has some geographical and climatic conditions ideal for the development of transhumance. The
cattle routes designed for this purpose, have contributed to increase the biological diversity and landscape richness. People in the
old rural society linked to the transhumance used the botanical resources of their environment to solve health problems.
Objectives: To carry out an inventory of plants with medicinal properties in the cattle track of the Cañada Real Segoviana in the
province of Toledo, as well as their documented uses. The study also includes toxic plants, plants with culinary values and plants
with veterinary uses.
Methods: A floristic catalogue has been compiled for the study area, through extensive fieldwork along the cattle track. After a
revision of the ethnobotanical literature on central Spain, the medicinal, culinary, veterinary and other uses of plants were obtained
through interviews with people linked to the Cañada Real Segoviana, like shepherds.
Results and conclusions: The study area presents an important floristic diversity which results in a catalogue of 695 plants,
mostly native. An important amount (33%) of the flora presents some kind of medicinal properties. 174 species can bring benefits
to the circulatory, digestive, excretory systems, etc. 69 species have culinary properties. On the other hand, 51 species have been
used for livestock healing or feeding.
Keywords: transhumance, floristic diversity, medicinal plants, culinary plants, toxic plants.
ISE1-P20 Medicinal plants known as "Arnica" in the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal): An ethnobotanical review
D. Rivera a, C. Obón b, A. Verde c, J. Fajardo c, A. Valdés c
a
Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Biología, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, España. b Universidad
Miguel Hernández, Departamento de Biología Aplicada, EPSO, Ctra. Beniel km. 3,2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, España. C Jardín Botánico de
Castilla-La Mancha, [email protected]
Background: The concept of "Arnica" covers a complex of different species of Asteraceae and other plant families. It was introduced in Spain and Portugal by physicians and pharmacists during the second half of the 18th century. It was first used for Arnica
montana L., applied to the treatment of hematoma and inflammation and lately for other species.
Objectives: Identify the plant species included in the complex known as "Arnica" in the Iberian Peninsula and determine the
common morphological and ethnopharmacological features.
Methods: A review of published data and of our own unpublished original data recorded in semi-structured interviews to informants in SE and Central Spain.
Results: A total of 31 species belonging to 6 families are named "Arnica". Species with a single name ("arnica") are: Achillea
ageratum L., Crepis paludosa (L.) Moench, Doronicum carpetanum Boiss. & Reuter ex Willk., Doronicum grandiflorum Lam., Doronicum pardalianches L. & Senecio pyrenaicus L.. However some species receive also other different names: Chiliadenus glutinosus
(L.) Fourr. (up to 25 names) and Dittrichia viscosa (L.) Greuter (14). The folk medicinal uses are organized in two main groups: a)
externally for hematoma and inflammation and b) orally for stomach ailments, fever and flu.
Keywords: Arnica, Antiinflammatory, Herbal teas.
Acknowledgements: Estudio Etnobiológico de la Flora Medicinal de Castilla - La Mancha PAC08-01734838.
107
ISE1-P21 Wild food plants used in Kfarhamam (Southern Lebanon)
L. Attieh b, D. Rivera a, C. Obón b, F. Alcaraz a
Universidad de Murcia, Departamento Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Biología, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, España.
b
Universidad Miguel Hernández, Departamento de Biología Aplicada, EPSO, Ctra. Beniel Km 3.2, 03312-Orihuela (Alicante) España.
a
Background: Kfarhamam is a small village located in the Hasbaya District in Southern Lebanon. The population was about 3500,
however only a very small minority reside in the village. The village has a strategic location in the Hermon mountains (850 m a.s.l.).
Kfarhamam is originally a Syriac word meaning the "the house of peace".
Objectives: To determine the vascular plant species named and used by the habitants of Kfarhamam, particularly as food and
medicine. To analyze the results within the context of the Arabic, Syriac and Palestine cultural traditions and within a system of
global analysis.
Methods: Review of literature, especially local papers and books. Interviews with farmers, housewives and shepherds. Collection
of voucher specimens in the different areas. The use of a global database of Gathered Food Plants for comparison and analysis.
Results and conclusions: a total of 40 wild species of vascular plants are consumed at Kfarhamam. Up to 3 species are not yet
reported as food plants in the literature on the Lebanon, Syria or Palestine and Israel. A 55 % of the species (22) are relatively common as food in the Near East. A 65 % of the wild food plant species (26) are used in the local folk medicine, which is an extremely
high proportion.
Keywords: Ethnobotany, Folk Medicine, Ethnopharmacology.
Acknowledgements: Proyecto CGL2008-04635
ISE1-P22 Biological and cultural heritage of native medicinal plants in the South of Santa Catarina, Brazil:
rescue and communication of knowledge
F. Chechetto a, C.W. Kffuri a, A. Balbino Ferreira a, Lin Chau Ming a, G. Antônio Damian a,b, C. Trein b
a
Universidade Estadual Paulista, Doutorado Horticultura, Fazenda Experimental Lageado, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil.
b
Associação Catarinense de Plantas Medicinais, Rua Felipe Schimidt, 303, Edifício Dias Velho, Florianópolis/SC, Brasil.
Background: Since 1997, an interdisciplinary team conformed by several technicians of the natural and health sciences, and local
stakeholders as well, was created in the South of Santa Catarina, Brazil, for studying the uses of the medicinal plants.
Objectives: Study the uses of medicinal plants according to the Brazilian National Program of Medicinal Plants to rescue and
communication the traditional knowledge.
Methods: An exhaustive bibliographical review on Ethnobotany based on participatory approach were carried out from 1997 to
2009. This meetings with the leaders of the communities, medicinal plants were identified and were discussed as well.
Results and conclusions: 108 medicinal plants have been studied, whose 33 are already listed on the National List of Medicinal
Plants and approved for their use by the Health Ministry of Brazil. Bulletins of botanical, agricultural, pharmacological and toxicological aspects have been published of Cecropia glaziovi, Casearia sylvestris, Maytenus ilicifolia,Cordia verbenacea, Alternanthera
brasiliana, Solanum paniculatum, Mikania glomerata, Passiflora alata, Sphagneticola trilobata, Dichorisandra tyrsiflora. These
bulletins have been transferred to the community leaders as a way of communication and divulgation of the traditional knowledge
within the region. We may conclude that the results have contributed to enhancing the use of native medicinal species, indicating
their therapeutic potential, which has been promoted the development of other studies on the production of herbal medicines.
Keywords: medicinal plants, Ethnobotany, Brazil.
108
ISE2-O01 Historical and molecular evidence for date palm introduction in America (Phoenix dactylifera,
Arecaceae)
D. Rivera a, E. Carreño a, D. Johnson b, J. Delgadillo c, M.H. Carrillo a, c, C. Obón d, R. Krueger e, F. Alcaraz a, S. Ríos f
a
Universidad de Murcia, [email protected]. b Cincinnati, c Universidad de Baja California, d Universidad Miguel Hernández, e National Clonal
Germplasm Repository for Citrus & Dates, f CIBIO, Universidad de Alicante.
Background: Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) populations can be found in several places across America. Those associated to
jesuitic missions in Baja California (Mexico) are specially remarkable due to their magnitude and number of individuals.
Objectives: Study of palm groves from an historical point of view. Determine possible sources of genetic material.
Methods: Sampling in different palm groves. DNA extraction and amplification of SSR markers. Comparison with Spanish and
North African palm samples. Revision of bibliography, specially Colonial Latin America Indian Chronicles and descriptions of California and Baja California missions.
Results and conclusion: Palm groves were located in maps, rescuing the oldest references for most of them, some dating back
to the first half of XVI century in Caribe and Mexico. Baja California palm groves are not accounted for in jesuit missions (1). They
could have been the product of subsequent introduction by franciscan and dominican orders in the late XVIII century. Little genetic
diversity was detected among samples from different missions, suggesting a small sample as starting material or succesive introductions from one of the missions to the rest.
Key words: Crónica de Indias, Misiones Jesuitas, SSR.
Acknowledgement: Proyecto INIA RF2007-00010-C03
References: 1. Del Barco M. 1988. Historia Natural y Crónica de la Antigua California. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México,
México.
ISE2-P01 Cypriot iatrosophia and Dioscorides De Materia Medica in a diachronic perspective
A. Lardos, J.M. Prieto, M. Heinrich
Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, The School of Pharmacy, Univ. of London, 29-39 Brunswick Sq. London, WC1N 1AX, UK
Background: A recent investigation has provided arguments for a substantial influence of the De Materia Medica (DMM) of
Dioscorides on the development of the medicinal traditions in the Mediterranean (1).
Objectives: This study explores the relationship of medicinal plant uses in Cypriot iatrosophia (2), a type of historical Greek literature rooted in the Byzantine Empire (3), to those in DMM.
Methods: Focusing on dermatological and gastrointestinal conditions we carried out a one-to-one comparison of the respective
species mentions in the iatrosophia with the ones in Dioscorides" text.
Results and conclusions: The iatrosophia include not less than 169 taxa related to dermatology and gastrointestinal uses with
a total of 747 mentions. Of those, 28 taxa are not included in DMM and mainly refer to drugs introduced to the Eastern Mediterranean at later times. The remaining 141 taxa involve 650 mentions, 20.2% show no correspondence, 56.2% have same or similar
uses and 10.6% are related to copies of complete recipes from DMM. Fifty-five (39%) of the taxa included in Dioscorides" text
were also reported for dermatological and gastrointestinal uses in an ethnobotanical field study we conducted in the monasteries
of Cyprus where some of the investigated iatrosophia were compiled. Our comparison reveals many parallels between these two
historical sources suggesting both a direct and indirect influence of DMM on the iatrosophia but also emphasises the importance
of other influences and the dynamic character of the medicinal knowledge of this tradition.
Keywords: Historical texts, Ethnobotany, Dioscorides, iatrosophia, Cyprus.
Acknowledgments: This study was supported by a grant from the A. G. Leventis Foundation.
References: 1. Leonti, M. et al. J Ethnopharmacol 2009, 121: 255-267. 2. Lardos, A. J Ethnopharmacol 2006, 104: 387-406. 3. Touwaide,
A. In: Bowers, B.S. (Ed.) The Medieval Hospital and Medical Practice. Hampshire: Ashgate, 2007.
109
ISE2-P02 Plants used in folk veterinary medicine in the Arribes del Duero Natural Park, western Spain
J. A. González, M. García-Barriuso, F. Amich
Faculty of Biology, University of Salamanca, Campus Unamuno, E-37071, Salamanca, Spain. Participating group (Salamanca, Spain) in the
"Red Iberoamericana de Saberes y Prácticas Locales sobre el Entorno Vegetal" (RISAPRET, CYTED).
Background: The territory of the Arribes del Duero Natural Park (Salamanca-Zamora, Spain) can be said to be a good example
of a Mediterranean heterogeneous landscape with a marked alternation of habitats and land uses, is characterised by a strong
demographic regression, and is devoted mainly to livestock
Objectives: We studied Ethnoveterinary knowledge among the inhabitants of the area, documenting traditional veterinary medicine practices. The remedies used, their preparation and administration were documented
Methods: Information was obtained in 116 semi-structured interviews (conducted from 2005 to 2009) of 80 non-specialist people
(44 men and 36 women; age range, 45-98 years; mean age, 72)
Results and conclusions: A total of 31 veterinary remedies based on the use of a single plant species and cited by at least three
independent informants were recorded. We observed the use of 25 species of vascular plants, belonging to 18 botanical families.
Most of the remedies described by the interviewees referred to the treatment of mild ailments related to the skin and the respiratory system. A total of 11 remedies (35%) are related to cleaning and treatment of wounds. Likewise, we recorded remedies comment on the influence exerted by superstition. Currently, many people preserve a rich traditional knowledge about useful plants,
and it may be affirmed that the folk veterinary medicine is still very much alive in the studied area.
Keywords: Ethnobotany, Ethnoveterinary, Arribes del Duero, Spain.
ISE2-P03 European plants used by Brazilian communities in Santiago (Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil)
S.M.B. Volk a, F. Llamas b, C. Acedo b
Rua Tito Becon, 960. Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. b University of León. Campus of Vegazana, 24071, León, Spain.
a
Background: For a long time, the communities of the South of Brazil have incorporated to their traditional knowledge many European useful plants. Some of these communities were created by the Italian immigrants arriving with their customs to Brazil in past
centuries, as occurred in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. This is the first ethnobotanical study in Santiago (RG, Brazil).
Objectives: The main goal of our research was to know which plants are used by these communities, most of them not native, but
naturalized or cultivated plants incorporated to their cultures.
Methods: The fieldwork was conducted in 1996-2000. It consisted in interview surveys and the collection of plant vouchers provided by the interviewed. The groups of people studied belong to the agricultural sector or related activities. Prior to the research,
local institutions and organizations arranged meetings to ensure the participation of the inhabitants. Some 24 localities and 175
informants were contacted. In order to obtain accurate and complete information, it was necessary to make multiple contacts with
each of the interviewed, as it was difficult to process all the amount of the information provided during a single talk. Data were
collected through semi-structured interviews, performed either to a single informant or to a group of them. We registered as main
information: the name of the informant, plant name, used part, application form and use. We tried to register the exact spelling
used by every informant. We also collected a voucher specimen, preserved in the herbaria LEB, or HERBARA. The obtained information was compiled in a database, to facilitate its manageme.
Results and conclusions: We have identified some three hundred taxa belonging to 219 genera and 81 families. All of them
have multiple uses. The most frequent families are Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Poaceae and Myrtaceae, reaching up to
40 % of the recorded plants. Studying the origin of the taxa, we verified that only some 51% are native plants, and that 20% are
naturalized and 29% cultivated plants. Most of naturalized (50%) and cultivated plants (80%) are native from Europe, or arrived
to Santiago because they were cultivated there. These results reflect the ethnic origin of the informants and the mixed culture of
the investigated population.
Keywords: Brazil, Rio Grande, Ethnobotany, European plants.
Acknowledgments: We thank the people who shared their knowledge with us and everybody helped in our research.
110
ISE2-P04Traditional medicinal plants used in the region of Gorbeialdea (Biscay, Basque Country)
G. Menendez a, V. Reyes-García b, R. Morales c, M. Pardo-de-Santayana a
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. C/ Darwin, 2. E-28049 Madrid. Spain. b ICREA-ICTA, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193
Bellaterra Barcelona, Spain; c Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, E-28014 Madrid, Spain
a
Background: Although ethnographers have been interested in Basque folk medicine, few researchers have addressed the topic
with an ethnobotanical perspective.
Objectives: The aim of the study was to describe and analyze the plants traditionally used in the folk medicine of Gorbeialdea, a
Basque speaking rural mountainous region located in the south of Bizkaia, Basque Country.
Methods: Seventy six semi-structured interviews have been conducted between 2008 and 2010 with 84 informants born in the
area. Informants were selected using the "snowball" method.
Results and conclusions: Eighty two taxa were recorded, most of them were used for skin diseases (39 species), followed
by digestive (32) and respiratory (28) disorders. The most important species used to cure respiratory disorders were Eucalyptus
globulus, Urtica dioica and Verbena officinalis; Chelidonium majus, Juncus sp., Allium cepa are used for skin conditions; Plantago
lanceolata for musculoskeletal disorders; Chamaemelum nobile and Helleborus viridis against digestive diseases and Urtica dioica
for circulatory conditions. Plants scarcely cited or previously unknown to the literature include: Coronopus didymus (pulmoni bedarra) for pneumonia; Helleborus viridis (arioa) for intestinal worms, and Plantago lanceolata (sanbedarra) for strains. Compared with
the rest of the Iberian Peninsula and even with other Basque-speaking areas, Gorbeialdea shows significant specificity of remedies
Keywords: Medicinal plants, traditional knowledge, Biskay, Iberian Peninsula.
Acknowledgements: To all the informants, Dani Pérez.
ISE2-P05 An etnopharmacological review on the Turkish Labiatae species
G. Bulut, E. Tuzlacı
Marmara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Istanbul, Turkey.
Labiatae is one of the richest families in the flora of Turkey. And it is also one of the most important families in which there are
many popular plants used in traditional therapy in Turkey. The aim of this study is a revision on the Turkish folk medicinal plants of
the Labiatae family according to our investigations and scientific literature records. Our studies are based on mainly local ethnobotanical investigations. The ethnopharmacological information was obtained from the local people by personal interviews carried
out face to face. The specimes of the folk medicinal plants were collected during the field works and then identified. In addition,
the scientific literature records on the subject were revised.
According to the list based on our investigations and the literature records, 113 species of Labiatae are used in therapy in Turkey.
Among them, Teucrium polium, Mentha longifolia, Teucrium chamaedrys, Melissa officinalis, Origanum vulgare, Mentha spicata,
Thymus longicaulis, Mentha pulegium, Thymbra spicata, Lavandula stoechas, Origanum onites, Salvia fruticosa and Origanum majorana are the most popular plants and they are used in many parts of Turkey. The plants are mostly used for the digestive system
diseases, the respiratory system diseases and the cardiovascular system diseases.
Keywords: Medicinal plants, folk medicine, Labiatae, Turkey.
111
ISE2-P06 Ethnoveterinary knowledge in Granada, Andalussia, Spain
G. Benítez, M.R. González-Tejero, J. Molero Mesa
Botany Dep., Pharmacy School, University of Granada. Campus Universitario de Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.
Background: Although ethnobotanical information available for Granada Province is not scarce, few publications have been make
about plants and other resources uses in veterinary medicine.
Objectives: Based on previous ethnobotanical works for Granada Province, we review the used plants in veterinary medicine, as
well as the used parts, employment forms and the animals to which they are intended. Plants with known active principles or
biological activity are highlighted. Another section deal with the ritual practices of disease prevention and on the belief system
that encourages this type of healing practices.
Methods: The information comes from diverse ethnobotanical researches, gathered through open and semi-structured interviews
with various informants. Data on Ethnoveterinary medicine mostly came from people involved in breeding and maintenance of
livestock (mostly farmers and shepherds) or related to agriculture.
Results and conclusions: Besides the development of a local database of the species and their uses in Ethnoveterinary medicine, plants for which applications in human medicine are similar are especially discussed, trying to understand the relationship
between those traditional medicines. Species used in animal health prevention are separately mentioned, such as those offered
as fodder to different purposes, or used as an insecticide or insect repellents in feedlot sites. A list of species collected as fodder
or identified as high interest for pasture is given.
Keywords: Ethnoveterinary, veterinary medicine, Granada, Spain.
ISE2-P07 Traditional management of autochthonous endangered breeds of hen (Gallus domesticus) in the
Iberian Southeast (Spain): between the Ethnoveterinary and the superstition.
J. Sánchez Balibrea, P. López Barquero, J.F. Martínez Pérez
Asociación de Naturalistas del Sureste. Pza. Pintor José María Párraga nº 11 bajo, 30002 Murcia, España.
Background: The lost of biodiversity is especially worrying concerning the autochthonous breeds of domestic animals. Parallel to
the population decrease of these breeds, its is vanishing the traditional knowledge associated to their management.
Objectives: The study aims to compile information about the traditional management of fowl diseases and parasites in the Iberian
Southeast with special focus on the use of both wild and cultivated plants.
Methods: The information was obtained through semi-structured interviews to old people and breeders of autochthonous breeds
which are at risk of extinction. The plants that, according to interviewed people, were used are evaluated with published literature
in order to determine the possible effects on fowl health
Results and conclusions: Traditional management of hens include the use of plants whose function is not only simple nutrition of
the animals, as many species contain active principles which were experimentally shown to be useful for prevention and treatment
of diseases and parasites which usually afflict to hens. However, we also recorded oral traditions for the management of the fowl
that presents evident relations to numeric superstitions and magic.
Keywords: Hens, Ethnoveterinary.
112
ISE3-O01 Evaluation of the cholinergic pathways in α-hederin-induced contraction of rat isolated stomach strips
M. Mendel, M. Chlopecka, N. Dziekan, W. Karlik, M. Miechetek
Warsaw University of Life Sciences. Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland, +48 22 5936037. [email protected]
The extract of common ivy (Hedera helix) is extensively used in traditional and contemporary medicine in the treatment for catarrhs of the respiratory passage and for the symptoms of chronic inflammatory bronchial conditions. On the other hand, ivy plant
causes serious poisonings in human and animals with the predominant symptoms of severe diarrhea and dyspnea. Those clinical
observations became confirmed in in vitro studies which revealed the contractile effect of two triterpenoid saponins extracted from
Hedera helix (α-hederin and hederacoside C) on rat isolated gastrointestinal strips. However, the mechanism of the contractile
effect remained unknown.
Thus, the aim of the study was to evaluate the participation of cholinergic pathways in α-hederin-induced contraction of rat
isolated stomach strips.
The experiments were performed on rat isolated fundus and corpus stomach strips under isotonic conditions. The effect of atropine
and hexamethonium on α-hederin-induced contraction of stomach strips was investigated. All results are expressed as % of the
response to acetylcholine (ACh) – a reference contractile agent.
The obtained results revealed that the administration of atropine neither prevented nor reduced the response of stomach strips to
α-hederin. The contraction caused by saponin (100μM) in the presence of atropine amounted to 96.02±23.06% and 102.73±11.01%
of the reaction induced by ACh for stomach corpus and fundus strips, respectively, whereas the response to α-hederin without
atropine pretreatment was as big as 94.79±75.91% and 101.57±27.75% of the reaction produced by ACh for stomach corpus and
fundus strips, respectively. The application of nicotinic antagonist also did not change the force of α-hederin-induced contraction.
If the administration of saponin was preceded by treatment with hexamethonium the strength of stomach fundus strips" contraction was 106.68±11.90% of the reaction to acetylcholine and the contraction was comparable with the one caused by α-hederin
without prior hexamethonium-treatment.
Summing up, it can be assumed that the cholinergic pathways do not participate in α-hederin-evoked contraction of rat isolated
stomach preparations.
Keywords: α-hederin, isolated stomach strips, cholinergic pathways.
ISE3-O02 Safety assessment of selected Indian herbs through cytochrome P450 inhibition assay
S. Ponnusankar a, S. Pandit a, A. Bandyopadhyay b, P.K. Mukherjee a
School of Natural Product Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032. India. b Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700 032.
India
a
Background: Indian herbs are believed by many to be safe. Several natural products have been reported to produce adverse reactions due to interaction of cytochromes, when simultaneously administered along with conventional medicines (1). Assessing CYP
inhibition of Indian herb extracts has important implications for predicting the likelihood of their potential herbal-drug interactions.
Objectives: To assess the safety of standardized extract of Centella asiatica through drug interaction potential on drug modulating
enzymes.
Methods: Centella asiatica extracts were standardized through HPTLC and HPLC. Cytochrome inhibition assay was performed
using CYP450-CO complex assay (2) and fluorimetric screening on CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 isoforms.
Results and conclusions: The effects of the standardized extracts on cytochrome P450 concentration were determined using its
spectral difference and the reduced form of its CO complex. Different extracts, its fractions and phytomarkers showed significantly
less inhibition (p<0.001) when compared with standard ketoconazole. This experimental findings demonstrate that selected Indian
herbs can inhibit CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 (IC50 127.39±3.46; 143.27± 4.56 mg/mL) isoforms. Assessing CYP inhibition of Ayurvedic
plant extracts has important implications for predicting the likelihood of their potential herb-drug interactions that may lead to drug
induced toxicity, as well as determining candidates for further comprehensive analysis.
Keywords: Centella asiatica; Cytochrome inhibition; herb-drug interaction; safety studies
Acknowledgments: Central Council for Research in Ayurveda and Siddha (CCRAS), Department of AYUSH, Govt of India, New Delhi.
References: 1. Mukherjee PK et al. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2007; 2:633-657. 2. Ponnusankar S et al. Phytother Res. (In press).
113
ISE3-O03 Cholinesterase inhibitory potential of Piper longum L. fruit alternative management of Alzheimer’s
disease
Santanu Bhadra, Satheesh Kumar N., S. Saravanan, B.C. Pal, Arun Bandyopadhyay, P. K. Mukherjee
School of Natural Product Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India
Background: P. longum Linn. (Piperaceae) traditionally used in various central nervous system disorders like CNS depressant,
anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticonvulsant etc. It contains a bioactive alkaloid piperine as major compound.
Objectives: Objective of the present study is to explore the anticholinesterase potential of P. longum fruit.
Methods: Liquid chromatographic standardization of the plant extract has been carried out with reference to the piperine. The
acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesrarse activity of hydro-alcoholic extract and its different fractions (Chloroform, n-Butanol,
Ethyl acetate and water) were studied by TLC-bioautography and modified Ellmanâ’s method. The results were expressed as IC50
values. Galantamine was use as reference anticholinesterase drug.
Results and conclusions: Ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions showed more activity than the other fractions. The order of
inhibition was Piperine > Ethyl acetate > Chloroform > Hydroalcoholic extrat > n-Butanol. Specificity of the Piperine and extract
was more towards acetylcholinesterase than butyrylcholinesterase. Piperine found to be the bioactive compound in P. longum.
Keywords: Piper longum; Acetylcholinesterase; Butyrylcholinesterase; Bioautography.
ISE3-O04 Scientific monographs of medicinal plants of Mexico: Quality, safety and efficacy of Mexican Traditional Medicines
R. Mata a, S. Cristians a, A. Navarrete-Castro a, P. Hersch-Martínez b, R. Bye c
a
Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. ([email protected]); b Instituto Nacional de Antropología e
Historia; c Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
Background: In Mexico must of the population avail themselves of medicinal plants in order to cover their health problems. The
biodiversity added to the cultural heterogeneity generates one of the most plentiful folk medicines of the world. Nevertheless, the
lack regulation causes several problems such as substitutions and adulterations of the most widely commercialized crude drugs,
as well as natural resource depletion. In this scenario, is imperative to generate an instrument that assures the quality, safety and
efficacy of these plants.
Objectives: Develop a scientific document that guarantee the quality, safety and efficacy of Hintonia latiflora one of the most
widely used and commercialized medicinal plant.
Methods: Generate and compile scientific information about H. latiflora.
Results: The document comprises several sections: Nomenclature, Definition, Popular Medicinal Uses, History, Location, Anatomical Identification, Handling and Commercialization, Chemical Constituents, Analytical Procedures of Identity and Composition,
Toxicology and Pharmacology. This document indeed, will be very useful for health authorities, practitioners of phytotherapy,
physicians, and any scientist involved in the study of medicinal plants. In addition, this work could be a useful tool for legislation
in sights to promote laws aimed to regulate conservation, production, commercialization and consumption of medicinal plants.
Keywords: Quality, Safety, Efficacy, Medicinal Plant Monograph, Hintonia latiflora.
114
ISE3-O05 Piptadeniastrum africanum (Hook.f.) Brenan: isolation and characterization of saponins responsible for the activity against the rice blast fungus Pyricularia grisea
G. Brusotti a,d, I. Cesari a,d, A. Tava b, M. Mella c, G. Caccialanza a,d
a
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Viale Taramelli 12, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy, b Center of Research for Fodder Crops
and Dairy Productions, Viale Piacenza 29, 26900 Lodi, Italy, c Department of Organic Chemistry, Viale Taramelli 12, University of Pavia,
27100 Pavia, Italy, d Center of Studies in Ethnopharmacy (CIStRE), University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Background: As part of our contribution to phytochemical and biological survey and to validation of traditional uses of pygmies
Baka medicinal plants (1), we report herein the study on Piptadeniastrum africanum stem bark. The water and methanolic extracts
showed a weak activity against Staphylococcus aureus and a pronounced activity against the rice blast fungus Pyricularia grisea.
Objectives: Isolation and characterization of compounds active against P. grisea.
Methods: Spectrophotometric analyses, Sephadex LH-20 column, RP-HPLC, 1H, 13C NMR, MS
Results and conclusions: Preliminary spectrophotometric analyses performed on the more active methanol crude extract highlighted the presence of phenolic compounds and tannins. Two fractions were collected after separation on a Sephadex LH-20
column: a tannin fraction, active against bacteria and a non tannin fraction, containing saponins, with a pronounced antifungal
activity against P. grisea (MIC 1 mg/mL, MFC 2mg/mL). After a preliminary filtration of the non tannin fraction on RP-18 to remove
sugar and idrophilic compounds, analitical and semi-preparative RP-HPLC were performed in order to enhanced the separation and
to obtain pure saponins for further structural elucidation by 1H, 13C NMR and MS analyses.
Keywords: Piptadeniastrum africanum ((Hook.f.) Brenan, Pyricularia grisea, saponins, bark extract, pygmies traditional medicine.
Acknowledgments: Department of Territorial Ecology – Mycology Section, University of Pavia, Via S. Epifanio 14, 27100 Pavia, Italy; Dr. S.
Tosi and Prof. A.M. Picco for biological tests.
References: 1. Ngueyem T. A. et al, J. Ethnopharm. 2008, 120, 13–17. 2. Hagerman A.E. Tannin Handbook Ed. Miami University, Ohio,
1995.
ISE3-O06Ethnopharmacology and Phytochemistry of Malian medicinal plants
D. Diallo a, S. Bah a, C.S. Nergard b, K.T. Inngjerdingen b, A. Togola a, T.E. Grønhaug b, T.E. Michaelsen b, B.S. Paulsen b
Department of Traditional Medicine, Bamako, Mali. b School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
a
Background: Mali is a West African country where about 80% of the people are using traditional medicine for health care. This
medicine is using animal, mineral and mainly vegetal products as raw materials. To promote traditional medicine the government
has created the Department of Traditional Medicine where ethnopharmacological, pharmaceutical and medical research are performed.
Objectives: The objectives is to determine medicinal plants, their efficacy, quality and security. Ethnobotanical surveys related
to wound healing plants, antischistosomiasis and biological tests have been in focus. Phytochemical studies were performed to
identify chemical markers and compounds responsible for bioactivities.
Methods: Woundhealing plants surveys were performed in the Mande area, Dogonland, Kolokani and Koutiala and a survey in the
Office du Niger, Niono District, determined the plants traditional healers used against schistosomiasis. Immunomodulating activity
tests were used for extracts of wound healing plants and their polysaccharide compositions determined.
Results and conclusions: Traditional healers treat both internal and external wound. Gastric ulcer was one of the types of internal wounds. 60 plants were identified to be used against wounds. The most interesting plants being identified will be presented.
The complement fixing activities were high for water extract of Biophytum petersianum, Ximenia americana, Cochlospermum
tinctorium, Trichilia emetica and Opilia celtidifolia. Vernonia kotschyana is the plant of the improved Traditional medicine used
against gastric ulcer and had high complement fixing activity. Pectins of the arabinogalactan and rhamnogalacturonan types were
identified in different plants as the very active polysaccharides.
Additionally fifty-five plants belonging to 30 families were reported to be used alone for treating urinary and intestinal schistosomiasis, while 9 combinations of plants were used against the urinary form of the disease. Cissus quadrangularis and Stylosanthes
erecta were the plants most frequently used and were reported for the first time, to be used against schistosomiasis in Mali.
Keywords: Mali, medicinal plants, wound healing, schistosomiasis.
115
ISE3-O07 Ethnopharmacology Project. A summary of an experiment in Guinea-Bissau.
E.T. Gomes, O. Silva
Med.UL Faculty of Pharmacy, Lisbon University (http://www.imed.ul.pt/). [email protected]
Background: Guinea-Bissau is a west African country with few western medical resources and where the majority of the population (belonging to more than twenty ethnic groups) relay mostly on local flora resources to treat diseases.
Objectives: Collect ethnobotanic data on more used medicinal plants to treat infectious diseases all over the country, test them
using in vitro biological methods; identify chemical compounds responsible for the activity and develop methods of quality control
for the most active plants.
Methods: Ethnomedic data were obtained by local inquires performed with Traditional Medical Practitioners and completed with
bibliographic resources; Biological tests, phytochemical and analytical methods were performed by standard methods of each area
by a multidisciplinary team.
Results and conclusions: A summary of main results of the project developed over a twenty years period confirm that traditional
knowledge is a very important source for the development of standard pharmaceutical formulations for local use and even for the
discovery of new active chemical compounds.
Keywords: West African Ethnomedicine; Pharmacognosy; Ethnopharmacology.
ISE3-O08 Evaluation of extracts of Triclisia subcordata Oliv and Heinsia crinita (Afz) G. Taylor for antimicrobial activity against some clinical bacterial isolates and fungi.
I. Lawal a, K. Abo a, O. Adebayo b
a
University of Ibadan, Dept. of pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ibadan. [email protected]. b University of Lagos
Background: We report antimicrobial potential of extracts of roots of Triclisia subcordata and whole plant of Heinsia crinita
used as components of various herbal portions in Ethnomedine in South West Nigeria to treat acute urinogenital infections and
infertility. Methanol and hexane extracts of each plant were obtained by maceration and tested for antimicrobial activity using agar
diffusion and microbroth dilution techniques
Objectives: Our interest in these two medicinal plants arose because we observed that herbalists in South West Nigeria used
them in Ethnomedicine for the treatment of acute urinogenital infections and infertility complicated with chronic microbial infections particularly STD
Methods: 100 g of powdered sample (whole plant or root) of each plant was separately macerated in 600 mL methanol (MeOH)
and 600 mL hexane for five days to obtain the MeOH and hexane extracts of each plant used for the analysis.
Results and conclusions: This study indicates that the extracts from H. crinita and T. subcordata exhibited profound antibacterial
activity against clinical strains of S. aureus and E. coli isolated from patients with STD or non-gonococcal urethritis.
In conclusion, this study shows that H. crinita and T. subcordata are effective against the test pathogens and it justifies the ethnopharmacological uses of both plants in the treatment of microbial infections
Keywords: Triclisia subcordata, Heinsia crinita, antimicrobial activity, non-gonococcal urethritis, infertility.
116
ISE3-O09 Phytochemical composition and in vitro analysis of antioxidant properties in flowers of medicinal
species traditionally used in Northeastern Portugal
L. Barros , A.M. Carvalho, I.C.F.R. Ferreira
CIMO/Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Apartado 1172, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal. [email protected]
Background: Oxidative stress can be attenuated by diets containing fruits, vegetables and herbs that have antioxidant activities
due to their high content in bioactive compounds. In the Iberian Peninsula, several wild species have been regarded as powerful
ingredients for homemade remedies mainly due to their anti-inflammatory, diuretic and diaphoretic properties, traditionally recognized by healers and consumers.
Objectives: To study phytochemical composition and antioxidant properties of flowers of Cytisus multiflorus, Crataegus monogyna, Filipendula ulmaria, Malva sylvestris and Sambucus nigra.
Methods: Phytochemical analyses include determination of several antioxidant agents by spectrophotometric techniques, HPLC/
fluorescence, HPLC/RI, GC/FID. The antioxidant activity was accessed by four in vitro chemical and biochemical assays using
animal cells (1).
Results and conclusions: C. monogyna revealed the highest phenolics, tocopherols, β-carotene and SFA contents and the most
promising antioxidant properties (EC50 < 52.4 μg/mL), even better than Trolox. F. ulmaria also revealed a promising antioxidant
activity with the highest ascorbic acid content. M. sylvestris have the highest sugars and PUFA contents. Results show correlations between phytochemical composition, antioxidant behaviour and traditional uses. Flowers could be incorporated in extracts,
functional beverages or products with health-promoting properties, such as anti-inflammatory and other properties related to
oxidative stress.
Keywords: Phytochemicals, oxidative stress, Portuguese pharmacopoeia.
Acknowledgments: L. Barros is financed by FCT (SFRH/BPD/4609/2008)
References: 1. Barros et al., Food Chem. Toxicol., 2010, 48, 1466–1472.
ISE3-O10 The antitumour effect of Samento, a preparation of Uncaria tomentosa, is probably due to its antiinflammatory activity.
I. Urdanibia a, O. Estrada b, P. Taylor a
Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Apartado 20632, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela. [email protected]
Background: Samento is a chemotype of Uncaria tomentosa used in traditional medicine by the Ashaninka of Peru, for the
treatment of inflammatory diseases, cancer and infections (1, 2). The curative properties of Samento have been attributed to immunomodulatory pentacyclic oxindole alkaloids (3).
Objectives: Evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antitumour effects of Samento.
Methods: A commercial Samento preparation (NutraMedix, Florida-USA) and two acetone soluble and insoluble fractions (A
and B) were tested for cytotoxicity in vitro using the Sulphorhodamine B assay with four cell lines. Anti-inflammatory activity in
vitro was assessed as the inhibition of the macrophage TNFa, IL-6 and nitric oxide responses to lipopolysaccharide. The effect of
Samento on primary tumour growth and metastasis in BALB/c mice inoculated with 4T1 mammary tumour cells was also assessed.
Results and conclusions: A partial cytostatic, but not cytotoxic effect of Samento and its fractions was observed over the range
of concentrations tested (< 100 µg/mL). Samento and Fraction A inhibited pro-inflammatory mediator production in vitro, the most
marked effect being observed with nitric oxide (50% inhibition at 1 µg/mL). Daily i.p. injection of Samento inhibited primary tumour
growth and metastasis.These results support previous reports that the antitumour effect of U. tomentosa is probably not related
to direct cytotoxicity on tumour cells (4).
Keywords: Samento, U. tomentosa, Inflammation, Cancer.
Acknowledgements: Misión Ciencia, MPPCYT, Venezuela
References: 1. Akesson, C. et al. Int Immunopharmacol 2003, 3:1889-1900. 2. Allen-Hall, L. et al. J Ethnopharmacol 2007, 7: 312-317. 3.
Reinhard, KH. J Altern Complement Med 1999, 5:143-151. 4. Fazio et al. BLACPMA 2008, 7:217-224.
117
ISE3-P01 Exploring possible Interaction potential of standardized Glycyrrhiza glabra with reference to glycyrrhizin on Cytochrome P450
S. Pandit a, S. Ponnusankar a, M.Venkatesh a , A. Gantait a, A. Bandyopadhyay b, P.K. Mukherjee a
a
188, Raja S C Mullick Road, 700032, Kolkata, India. Jadavpur University. b 4, Raja Sc Mullick Road, 700032, Kolkata, India. Indian Institute
of Chemical Biology
Background: Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn. commonly referred as liquorice, is used in Indian System of Medicine in respiratory/urinary
infections, liver disorder, diabetics etc. (1). Cytochrome P450 is the principal enzymes responsible for the metabolism of most of the
clinically used drugs.
Objectives: To determine the percentage of glycyrrhizin present in G. glabra extract and their possible interaction potential with
drug metabolizing enzyme through CYP450 inhibition study.
Methods: Quantitative determination of glycyrrhizin was performed by HPTLC (9.1% W/W) and RP-HPLC (5.27% W/W). Preliminary screening on the effect on isolated CYP450 was done by CYP450 carbon monoxide (CYPCO) assay. Inhibition on CYP3A4
and 2D6 isozymes by G. glabra extract were analyzed through fluorescence product formation and IC50 value were determined (2).
Results and conclusions: In CYP450-CO assay interaction potential (percentage inhibition 23.23±1.84 %) was very less
compare to standard inhibitor. In fluoremetric assay G. glabra (CYP3A4:140.95±4.80, CYP2D6:132.49±1.07) and glycyrrhizin
(CYP3A4:174.62±2.30, CYP2D6: 156.25±3.48) showed significantly higher IC50 value (µg/mL) than their respective positive control,
for both the isozymes. Results demonstrate that the G. glabra and glycyrrhizin with co-administered conventional medicines have
very less interaction potential with drug metabolizing enzyme which indicates that drug metabolism base toxicity of licorice is
minimal.
Keywords: Glycyrrhiza glabra, glycyrrhizin, Cytochrome P450, CYP3A4, CYP2D6.
Acknowledgments: Central Council for Research in Ayurveda & Siddha, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India
References: 1. Gantait, A. et al. J AOAC Int. 2010.93 (2): 492-495. 2. Ganzera, M. et al.Life Sci 2006; 78: 856 – 861.
ISE3-P02 Biomedical properties of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) consumption
C. Licón a, M. Carmona b, M.I. Berruga a, G.L. Alonso b
a
Instituto de Desarrollo Regional, Universidad Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. España s/n E02071 Albacete, Spain.
b
Cátedra de Química Agrícola, E.T.S.I. Agrónomos, Universidad Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. España, s/n, E02071, Albacete Spain.
[email protected]
Background: Saffron (Crocus sativus L), is an important Spanish product, specially used for its aromatic, flavour and colouring
properties (1). Since ancient ages has been used, as well, for its biomedical properties, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory,
antinociceptive and even by its antitumor and anticancer activity (2), in addition to antidepressant, respiratory decongestant, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, expectorant and sedative property.
Objectives: The main objective of this work is to make an estimation of the potential healthy effects of saffron consumption in
humans based on saffron research of the biological activities.
Methods: Research of the past decade on saffron biological activities has been based on Scopus and Sciencedirect databases.
Human equivalent doses (HED) have been calculated as follows: HED equals to animal dose (mg/kg) multiplied by animal Km/
human Km (3) using Km human factor of 37 and rats and mouse 6 and 3, respectively.
Results and conclusions: The antioxidant activity of saffron is responsible for many chemical reactions that have effects on
preventing many diseases. According to HED calculations it can be observed that some of the doses studied in saffron research are
really approachable for adults, such as antioxidant activity (57-908 mg), depression (128-426 mg) and learning behaviour (341-681),
being seizures (1-11 mg) and Parkinson the diseases that needs less saffron doses for its prevention or amelioration (4-8).
Keywords: Antioxidant properties, Crocus sativus L., healthy effects, human equivalent doses, saffron intake
References: 1. Carmona, M., Zalacain, A., Alonso, G.L. El color, sabor y aroma del azafrán especia. Albacete Spain, Altabén Ediciones,
2006. 2. Abdullaev, F.I. and Esponosa-Aguirre, J.J. Cancer Detection and Prevention 28, 2004: 426-462. 3. Reagan-Shaw S et al. The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 22, 2007: 659-661. 4. Hosseinzadeh, H. et al. ECam 6 (3), 2007. 5. Hosseinzadeh, H.
et al. Journal of Medicinal Plants 3 (11), 2004: 48-58. 6. Pitsikas, N. and Sakellaridis, N. Behavioural Brain Research 173, 2006:112-115. 7.
Hosseinzadeh, H. and Khosravan, V. Arch. Ir. Med. 5 (1), 2002: 44-47. 8. Ahmad, M. et al. J. Neuroch. 93, 2005: 94-104.
118
ISE3-P03 Quassia extract induces the expression of alpha-enolase
N. Radic a, N. Obermajer a, b, R. Paskulin c, B. Mirkovic a, J.Kos a,b, B. Strukelj a,b
a
Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Askerceva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. b Dept of
Biotechnology, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. c OMI Institute, Trnovska 8, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Background: Antitumor activity has been demonstrated for isolated quassinoids as well as extracts prepared from different
plants of the Simaroubaceae family (1, 2).
Objectives: The aim of the present study was to analyze the proteome changes after in vitro treatment with Quassia extract (QE),
determine whether particular proteins are specifically affected by QE treatment and elucidate the possible mechanism underlying
its antitumor effect.
Methods: 2-D gel electrophoresis, quantitative PCR, Flow cytometry, cell cycle analysis, 3-D cell invasion assay, immunoflourescence microscopy, Western blot, non-paired t-test
Results and conclusions: Alpha-enolase was identified as the protein whose expression increased as a result of QE treatment
of human hepatoma HepG2 cells and MCF-10A neoT human breast cancer cells. We showed that the increased amounts of the
protein were localized in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. After treatment with QE, and as a result of the increased expression of
alpha-enolase, c-myc mRNA was confirmed to be downregulated and the invasion of cancer cells in a 3D model of cell invasion
was inhibited. G2/M cell cycle phase arrest occurred in treated HepG2 cells, while there was no change in cell cycle progression
in MCF-10A neo T cells. In conclusion, these results elucidate a new possible mechanism underlying the antitumor effect of QE.
Keywords: Quassia extract, Alpha-enolase, c-myc, Cell invasion, Proteomics
References: 1. von Bueren, A.O. et al. (2007), BMC Cancer 7:19. 2. Jiwajinda S. et al. (2002) J Ethnopharm 82: 55-58.
ISE3-P04 Uighur remedies used for cardiovascular disease prevention: From biodiversity to to evidencebased phytomedicines
A. Umar a,b, B. Berke a,b, K. Abdukerim b, C. Girardi a, A. Yusup c, O. Félis a, H. Upur c, C. Chèze a, N. Moore a,b
a
Department of Pharmacology, University of Bordeaux, 33076, Bordeaux, France. b Faculty of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University,
830011, Urumqi, China. c Faculty of Traditional Uighur Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, 830011, Urumqi, China.
Background: The use of complementary and alternative medicine is increasing for cardiovascular disease prevention.
Objectives: To analyze the effectiveness for cardiovascular disease prevention of Uighur remedies.
Methods: An ethnopharmacological survey was carried out using written sources of TUM.1 We searched different databases and
compiled data according to evidence-based toxicological, pharmacological and clinical studies. The ecological parameters of the
remedies were also studied.
Results and conclusions: Among 72 remedies, 70 originated from plants belonging to 44 families and 2 from insects (Bombyx
mori and Oecophylla smaragdina). Most of the plants are native from Asia, 2 of them are endangered: Paeonia hybrida and Saussurea involucrata. Some plants are also used in traditional Chinese medicine or Ayurvedic medicine. 2,3 There was good scientific
evidence for 10 % of the remedies. Special attention to these effective natural remedies is a step toward high-quality standardized
phytomedicines.
Keywords: Uighur Medicine, hypertension, antiplatelet activity, dyslipidemia, diabetes
References: 1. Kadir, A. et al. Zhong Hua Bencao Weiwuer. Shanghai: Shanghai Science and technology Publication, 2005. 2. Li, W.L. et
al. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2004, 92:21. 3. Mukherjee, P.K. et al. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2006, 106:1.
119
ISE3-P05 Ginkgo biloba extracts are antagonists of insect GABA receptors
I. McGonigle, S.C.R. Lummis
Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK
Background: The Ginkgo biloba tree has been used in TCM for over 2,500 years. Ginkgo biloba leaf extracts are potent insecticides but their mechanism of action has not yet been elucidated (1). Ginkgolide A, ginkgolide B and bilobalide are terpene trilactones
found in these extracts. These compounds are similar to picrotoxin (PTX) in that they are antagonists of the human GABAA and
glycine receptors, binding in the channel pore close to the 2" and 6" channel-lining residues (2, 3).
Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the properties of GA, GB and BB on the insect GABAA-like receptor "RDL" and to
determine the role of the 2" and 6" channel-lining residues.
Methods: Drosophila RDL receptors were expressed in Xenopus oocytes and responses were detected using voltage-clamp electrophysiology. Mutant receptors were generated using PCR. Homology models were made and compounds were docked into the
channel pore.
Results and conclusions: Wild type receptors responded to GABA with an EC50 of 20 µM. GA, GB and BB inhibited GABA responses with IC50s of 1.0 µM, 0.8 µM and 0.3 µM respectively, similar to the potency of PTX on this receptor (IC50 = 1.1 µM). Mutation of
the 2" and 6" channel-lining residues reduced the potency of these compounds. Mutant-cycle analysis of ginkgolide IC50s predicted
interaction energies of 3.9 and 4.8 kJ/Mol at the 2" and 6" residues and docking experiments predicted H-bonding interactions
between ginkgolides and these residues. In conclusion, GA, GB and BB are antagonists of insect GABA receptors - binding in the
channel pore - and this may be the mechanism underlying their potent insecticidal properties.
Keywords: Ginkgo biloba, GABA receptor, antagonist, Cys-loop.
Acknowledgments: R.K. Duke and G.A. Johnston (Dept. Pharmacology, Univ. Sydney) kindly provided Ginkgolides.
References: 1. Ahn, Y.J. (1997) ACS Symposium series. 658: 90-105 2. Huang, S.H. et al. (2004) Eur J Pharmacol. 494(2-3): 131-138 3.
Hawthorne, R. et al. (2006) J Neurochem. 98(2): 395-407.
ISE3-P06 An ethno-pharmacological study of Egyptian Bedouin women’s knowledge of medicinal plants
N. Hamed, V. Ferro, A. Gray
Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, Natural Products Research Group, University of Strathclyde. 27 Taylor street G4
0NR, Glasgow, UK. [email protected]
Background: Bedouin women in Egypt are heavily involved in all aspects of medicinal plants from collecting, processing, storing
and the use.
Objectives: Explore and document the Bedouin women perception, attitude and treatment choices related to women’s health, such
as dysmenorrhoea, perinatal problems, womb cleansing and urinary tract infections and find a scientific basis for this knowledge,
by isolating and characterizing bioactive compounds in some selecting plants.
Methods: Ethnobotany surveys have been conducted with Bedouin women, they recalled medicinal plants that they use and
describe the preparation of medical remedies.
Results and conclusions: Results revealed that 28 different plant species are commonly used by the Bedouin women. Laboratory results for Achillea fragrantissima, commonly used as a decoction for infection, showed that the aqueous extract was
non-cytotoxic in human THP-1 cell line at 0.1 mg/mL. It also exhibited antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and
Escherichia coli with 15.625 and 31.25 μg/mL. Sesquitepens olide isolated from the same extract which significantly inhibited
TNF-α production in LPS-stimulated cells (1) also different flavones obtained showed antitrypanosomal activity at 0.003 μM compare to suramin 0.06 μM. Methanol extract from Haloxylon salicornicum exhibited potent inhibitory activity (4 µg/mL) in the mouse
uterine contraction assay. Some of this work justifies the use of this plant in the Bedouin communities for the treatment infection
and perinatal problems and provide a scientific correlation between traditional medicinal plant use among the Bedouin and the
pharmacological basis for their administration.
Keywords: Bedouin, medicinal plants, women health and anti-inflammatory.
Acknowledgments: The Citadel Capital Foundation for sponsoring this work, Bedouin people who generously gave me their time and shared
their knowledge over the course of this study.
References: 1. Kastner, U. et. al. Planta Med 1993, 59: A669.
120
ISE3-P07 Minimum inhibitory concentration of medicinal plants used in Northern Peru as antibacterial remedies
R.W. Bussmann a, G. Malca-García b, A. Glenn a, D. Sharon a, G. Chait c, D. Díaz b, K. Pourmand d, B. Jonat d, S. Somogy e, G. Guardado f, C.
Aguirre f, R. Chan f, K. Meyer a, A. Kuhlman a, A. Townesmith a, J. Effio-Carbajal b, F. Frías-Fernandez b, M. Benito b
a
William L. Brown Center, Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166-0299, USA, Office phone: +1-314-577-9503, Fax:
+1-314-577-0800, email: [email protected]. b Clínica Anticona, Laboratorio Clínico, Prolongación Unión 2390, Trujillo, Perú. c San
Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA 92182-4616, USA. d State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook,
NY, USA. e Rosenweg 62, 77933 Lahr, Germany. f University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Background: The plant species reported here are traditionally used in Northern Peru to treat bacterial infections, often addressed
by the local healers as "inflammation". The aim of this study was to evaluate the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of their antibacterial properties against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Methods: The antimicrobial activity of ethanolic and water extracts of 141 plant species was determined using a deep well broth
microdilution method on commercially available bacterial strains.
Results and conclusions: The ethanolic extracts of 54 species inhibited Escherichia coli, and 117 ethanolic extracts inhibited
Staphylococcus aureus. In contrast, only 29 water extracts showed activity against E. coli and 37 extracts against S. aureus. The
MIC concentrations ranged from 0.1563 to 512 μg/mL. The ethanolic extracts exhibited stronger activity and a much broader spectrum of action than the water extracts.
The presence of antibacterial activity could be confirmed in most species used in traditional medicine in Peru for the treatment
of bacterial infections. However, the MIC for the species employed showed a very large range. Traditional knowledge provides
promising leads to elucidate potential candidates for future development of new antibiotic agents.
Keywords: Medicinal Plants, Ethnobotany, phytochemistry, antibacterial, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus.
ISE3-P08 Antimalarials from Renaissance herbals: Identification of antiplasmodial dammaranes from Alisma plantago-aquatica by HPLC based activity profiling
M. Adams, S. Gschwind, S. Zimmermann, R. Brun, M. Hamburger
Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland. b Swiss Tropical and Public Health
Institute, Socinstrasse 57, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland. [email protected]
Background: The common water plantain Alisma plantago-aquatica L. (Alismataceae) was used in the 16th and 17th centuries in
Central Europe to treat Plasmodium vivax malaria (tertian fever). The Renaissance herbals by Bock (1532), Brunfels (1532), Mathioli
(1560) and Zwinger (1696) described the internal use of its tubers to treat this disease (1). In a recent screen of such remedies an
EtOAc extract of A. plantago-aquatica was active against Plasmodium falciparum.
Objectives: To identify antiplasmodial constituents in the active extract.
Methods: With analytical scale time-based HPLC separation and testing of one-minute fractions in combination with HPLC hyphenated methods (HPLC-PDA, -MSn, HR-MS, off line microprobe NMR) the active substances were identified as acetylated dammarane triterpenes. Seven of these compounds were isolated. Structure elucidation was achieved by extensive 1H and 13C NMR.
Results and conclusions: The dammaranes had IC50 ranging from 3.3 to 7.0 µM. This study shows that European Renaissance
herbals could be a promising source of new antiprotozoal agents. HPLC based activity profiling is an efficient tool to quickly identify
active constituents in complex mixtures. This is the first report of antiplasmodial activity of this triterpenoid class, and the first
result of our ongoing project of screening for antiprotozoal natural products from remedies described in European Renaissance
medicine.
Keywords: Renaissance herbals, malaria, Plasmodium, dammarane triterpene.
121
ISE3-P09 The essential oil of Thymus zygis subsp. gracilis R. Morales (Lamiaceae) in his limit of western
distribution in the Iberian Peninsula
J. Blanco a, T. Ruiz b, F.M. Vázquez a, M.J. Pérez-Alonso c, M.A. Cases d
a
Grupo Habitat, La Orden-Valdesequera, Junta de Extremadura. 06800 Mérida, Spain. b Universidad de Extremadura. 06071 Badajoz, Spain.
c
Universidad Complutense 28071 Madrid, Spain. d INIA, km. 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Background:Thymus zygis subsp. gracilis R. Morales is endemic of S Spain and N Africa (1, 2). Its essential oil has been studied in
Africa (3, 4) and SE Spain (5-9).
Objectives: We have studied the essential oil of this taxon from SW populations and compared the results with the populations
analyzed up to the date (SE Spain and N Africa).
Methods: Plant material.- Thymus zygis subsp. gracilis was gathered for 3 years in the flowering state in a wild population
(Badajoz, Spain, 29SPD70). Oil isolation, gas chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and qualitative analyses.according to the method 10.
Results and conclusions: The studied population had a composition different to those published before from the aforementioned
geographical areas. It had as principal components thymol (72.8-40.7%), p-cymene (22.9-8.0%) and γ-terpinene (12.9-9.6%). Thymol
values are the highest percentages known, and due to the great applied interest of this component, our population might be of high
value in order to be domesticated for cultivation, as it has been already done in the similar cases of the Th. zygis s.l. complex 11.
Keywords: Thymus zygis subsp. gracilis, essential oil, chemosystematics, Iberian Peninsula.
Acknowledgments: INIA (RF00-019-C2-2) and J. Sanz (C.S.I.C.).
References: 1. Blanco, J. et al. Folia Bot. Extrem. 2007; 1: 27-53. 2. Morales R. Flora Ibérica. 2010; 12: 349-409. 3. Richard, H. et al.
Lebensm. Wiss. u. Technol. 1985; 18: 105-110. 4. Tantaoui-Elaraki, A. et al. J. Essent. Oil Res. 1993; 5: 45-53. 5. Mateo, C. et al. 1978 Riv.
Italiana, E.P.P.O.S. 1978; 11: 621-627. 6. Morales, R. Taxonomía de los géneros Thymus y Thymbra en la Península Ibérica. Madrid: Ruizia;
1986. 7. Sáez, F. Phytochemistry. 1995; 40: 819-825. 8. Sánchez et al. J. Essent. Oil Res. 1995; 7: 399-402. 9. Sotomayor J. A. et al. J. Agric.
Food Chem. 2004; 52: 5418-5424. 10. Blanco et al. Acta Bot. Gallica. 2010; 157: 55-63. 11. Jordán M. J. et al. Ind. Crops. Prod. 2009 ;29:
145-153.
ISE3-P10 From traditional remedies to modern medicines – phytochemical and pharmacological aspects of
Figs: a reverse pharmacology journey
S.C. Mandal
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, 700032, Kolkata, India
Background: Ficus racemosa and Ficus hispida leaves are the most traditionally used plants against diabetes and inflammations
particularly in the rural areas of West Bengal, India.
Objectives: The main objective of the work was to validate traditional claims and lay down standard protoclos for establishing the
purity of the material, identification of adulaterants and substitues and quality control aspects through identification of biomarkers
leading to better global acceptance.
Methods: Antdiabetic assay (0.2 g/kg, p.o.) was performed in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and anti-inflammatory activity
(0.2 g/kg, p.o.) was evaluated by acute (carrageenan-and dextran-induced rat paw edema) and chronic (cotton pellet granuloma)
assays. Two pure compounds namely lupeol acetate and β-amyrin were isolated form F. racemosa and F. hispida.
Results and conclusions: F. racemosa and F. hispida leaves demonstrated significant antidiabetic activity in terms of reduction
of fasting blood glucose level with a maximum reduction of 42.6 (p < 0.001) and 38.3 % (p < 0.001) respectively and comparable to
glibenclamide (0.001 g/kg, p.o.). In anti-inflammatory studies F. racemosa exhibited significant inhibition of carrageenan (30.4 %,
p < 0.001) and dextran- (28.5 %, p < 0.01) induced paw edema and the activity was found superior than F. hispida (18.6% and 15.4
% (p < 0.05) inhibition in respective models). Significant activity (p < 0.01) was found in the cotton pellet granuloma assay for both
extracts. Lupeol acetate (0.03 g/kg (p.o.) possessed better anti-inflammatory activity.
Keywords: F. racemosa; F. hispida; antdiabetic assay; β-amyrin; lupeol acetate; anti-inflammatory.
Acknowledgments: The financial support and research infrastructure provided by Jadavpur University is greatly acknowledged
References: 1. Mandal et al. J. Ethnopharmacol 2000. 72: 87-92. 2. Chattopadhyay et al. J. Ethnopharmacol 1999. 67: 367-372.
122
ISE3-P11 Medicinal properties of Opuntia stricta fruits
J.M. Obón, M.R. Castellar, M. Alacid, M.C. Díaz-García
Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental, Paseo Alfonso XIII, 52, 30203 Cartagena, Spain.
Background: Opuntia spp. crops are interesting alternatives for semiarid regions. International Cactaceae Systematic Group
recognizes 75 species, offering the study of a broad diversity of fruits, cladodes, seeds and flowers. These multipurpose plants
have been used in the traditional medicine. In particular, its fruits are of nutraceutical and functional importance (1, 2). Opuntia
stricta (Haw.) is a promising crop for its high fruit productivity and it has been evaluated as an interesting source of a red-purple
food betalainic colorant (3).
Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential medicinal properties of Opuntia stricta fruits through the
knowledge of its main components compositions, which could be related with its health benefits claims.
Methods: Mature Opuntia stricta (Haw.) fruits were collected from a Murcia cultivar. Juice was obtained after fruits homogenization and centrifugation. Juice composition was analyzed by HPLC.
Results and conclusions: Main antioxidant compounds found in Opuntia stricta juice are betacyanins (800 mg/Kg) and polyphenols. Medicinal properties as analgesic, anti-inflamatory, anti-carcinogenic (leukemia), or its use for degenerative diseases and
asthma are suggested. All cases are related to oxidative stress processes. Although Opuntia stricta fruits may have many potential
health benefits, more clinical test are needed to assess these health claims.
Keywords: Opuntia stricta, betalains, oxidative stress.
Acknowledgments: Research funded by MICCIN AGL2007-60455 and "Fundación Séneca" 12610/BPS2/09.
References: 1. Piga, A. Cactus pear: a fruit of nutraceutical and functional importance. J. PACD, 2004, 6: 9-22. 2. Nefzaoui, A.; Nazareno,
M.; El Mourid, M. Review of Medicinal Uses of Cactus. Cactus Newsletter, 2008, 11: 3-17. 3. Castellar, M.R.; Obón, J.M. and FernándezLópez, J.A. The isolation and properties of a concentrated red-purple betacyanin food colourant from Opuntia stricta fruits. J. Sci. Food
Agric., 2006, 86: 122-128.
ISE3-P12 Gastroprotective and anti-inflammatory activity of carnosic acid derivatives
C. Theoduloz a, J.A. Rodríguez a, F. Monsalve a, G. Schmeda-Hirschmann a, C. Delporte b, M. Rodríguez b
a
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Av. Lircay s/n, Talca, Chile.
b
Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 20, Santiago, Chile.
Background: Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L., Lamiaceae) is widely used as digestive and spice in Latin America. Carnosic
acid (CA) is the main diterpene from rosemary and presents gastroprotective activity.
Objectives: To determine the gastroprotective and anti-inflammatory effect of semisynthetic derivatives from CA and to establish
structure-activity relationships.
Methods: Starting from CA, 18 semisynthetic derivatives were prepared. The gastroprotective and anti-inflammatory effect of the
compounds was determined in mice. The antioxidant activity was studied using the human erythrocyte membrane lipoperoxidation
model.
Results and conclusions: In dose-response studies, CA showed excellent gastroprotective effect, reducing the lesion index by
74%, 60% and 44% at doses of 40, 20 and 10 mg/kg, respectively. At a single oral dose of 10 mg/kg, 61% of the new derivatives
reduced gastric lesions by > 60%. The anti-inflammatory activity of 8 compounds was assayed at 10 mg/kg. Five derivatives presented an effect comparable to that of naproxen sodium at the same dose. In the erythrocyte membrane lipoperoxidation assay,
the derivatives were less active than CA. However, 3 derivatives as well as CA were more effective than catechin as antioxidants.
This study points out the potential of plants with traditional use to obtain new analogues with better bioactivity.
Keywords: Rosmarinus officinalis, carnosic acid, semisynthesis, gastroprotective effect, anti-inflammatory activity.
Acknowledgments: Financial support by FONDECYT Project N° 1060841 and Programa de Productos Bioactivos, Universidad de Talca, is
kindly acknowledged.
123
ISE3-P13 Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used as spicy and aromatic Chinese medicinal material
in hotpot
Menghua Wu, Zhong-Zhen Zhao, Hu-Biao Cheng
Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
Background: Foreign spices have enriched Chinese diet culture especially the hotpot culture. But there was no clear market
investigation or historical review. This is the first study of medicinal plants used as spicy and aromatic Chinese medicinal material
in hotpot.
Objectives: This investigation was to collect data from Chinese herbal medicines and spices markets, cultivation sites and restaurants in China. It also documented valuable information from historical record about how the foreign spices have became the
Traditional Chinese Medicines and were used as spices in Chinese diet.
Methods: Data was obtained by using semi-structured forms to record the interviewee’s personal information and topics related
to the medicinal plants used in hotpot. A total of about 50 medicinal plants that are commonly used in hotpot were collected from
selected Chinese herbal medicines wholesalers, spices retailers and hotpot cooks. The historical record and literature concerning
spicy and aromatic Chinese medicinal material were also reviewed.
Results and conclusions: The results demonstrated that about 20 out of the 50 studied medicinal plants were the most popular
spices used in hotpot. Majority of them processed spicy tastes and aromatic smells, and also provided special flavors, stimulating
sense, or enhanced colors. According to traditional Chinese medicine theory, most of them were warm in nature. Among the 50
medicinal plants, more than half of them were not native in China but foreign spices imported from ancient Southeast Asia, West
Asia or other countries.
Keywords: Spicy and aromatic material; Medicinal plants; Hotpot; Ethnobotany; Foreign spices.
References: 1. Zhao Zhongzhen, Xiao Peigen. Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants. Shanghai, China: Shanghai World Publishing Corporation,
2010.
ISE3-P14 From the Araucaria araucana resin to new gastroprotective compounds by selective semisynthesis
G. Schmeda-Hirschmann a, C.Theoduloz b
a
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Av. Lircay s/n, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile.
b
Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 20, Santiago, Chile.
Background: The resin of Araucaria araucana (Molina) K. Koch (Araucariaceae) was used to treat ulcers by the Mapuche Amerindians. Labdane diterpenes are the active constituents of the resin and present gastroprotective activity.
Objectives: To determine structure-activity relationships of semisynthetic labdane derivatives with gastroprotective effect and to
assess the cytotoxicity of the compounds.
Methods: Some 10 naturally occurring diterpenes were isolated from the resin and 90 semisynthetic derivatives were prepared.
They included different oxidation patterns at C-15 and C-19, amides with aromatic amines and aminoacids (both at C-19, C-15 and
C-15,19) and hybrid molecules with naphthoquinones. The gastroprotective effect of the compounds was determined in mice and
cytotoxicity was measured on MRC-5 fibroblasts and gastric adenocarcinoma AGS cells.
Results and conclusions: In dose-response studies at a single oral dose, the main resin diterpenes reduced gastric lesions by
50% at 100 mg/kg. Structural modification led first to derivatives displaying similar effect at 25 mg/kg while hybrid molecules
presented a strong activity at 5 mg/kg. The cytotoxicity was also modulated affording compounds with very low cell toxicity and
some with selective effect towards the selected cell lines. The study shows how starting from the ethnopharmacological approach,
new analogues with better bioactivity can be obtained by functional groups modification of the main crude drug constituents.
Keywords: Araucaria araucana, labdane diterpene derivatives, semisynthesis, gastroprotective effect, cytotoxicity.
Acknowledgments: Financial support by FONDECYT Project 1085306 and Programa de Productos Bioactivos, Universidad de Talca, is kindly
acknowledged.
124
ISE3-P15 Photodynamic inactivation of yeast and bacteria by extracts from Alternanthera brasiliana (Amaranthaceae)
N.L. Andreazza a, C.C. de Lourenço a, T.F. Lapinski b, A. Gasparetto b, S.R. Zamuner c, S. Khouri c, E. Munin d, M.J. Salvador a
a
UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil; b UNOCHAPECÓ, Chapecó, SC, Brazil; c UNIVAP, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil; d UNICASTELO, São José
dos Campos, SP, Brazil, [email protected]
Photodynamic therapy involves the administration of a photosensitizer that is activated in the presence of light and oxygen, resulting the
formation of reactive oxygen species that can induce pathogenic microorganism death. This study was under taken to evaluate the effect
of Alternathera brasiliana extracts in photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) on the viability of yeast and bacteria. Crude hexane
and ethanol extracts of A. brasiliana obtained, presented absorption at 650-700 nm. The extracts ability to produce singlete oxygen was
measured by 1,3DPBF scavenger method. For bioassays, each extract were tested against Staphylococcus aureus 14458, Staphylococcus
epidermidis 12228 or Candida dubliniensis 778157 and 777 (107 CFU/mL) in a 96-well microtiter plate. The irradiation was with a 685 nm
diode laser with an output power of 35 mW, which was distributed through the well cross section yielding an energy dosage of 28 J/cm2.
For each sample, the number of colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) was obtained, and data were analyzed by the Tukey test. The
results suggest inhibition of the growth of all microorganisms tested when irradiated with laser in the presence of both extracts as photosensitizers. Neither just laser irradiation nor crude extracts significantly reduced the number of CFU/mL. At photoactivity assay the 1,3DPBF
photodegradation was highly enhanced in the presence of both extracts indicating singlet oxygen production. Steroids, triterpenes, and
flavonoids were identified in extracts by chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. In conclusion, photoactivation of crude hexane
and ethanol extracts of A. brasiliana by red laser radiation 685 nm promoted an antimicrobial effect, showing that these natural products
can be used as photosensitizers. However, further investigations are necessary to confirm the potential power that these natural products
offer as real and useful in vivo application in PACT.
Keywords: Photodynamic therapy, photosensitizers, antimicrobial, Amaranthaceae.
ISE3-P16 Pharmacological properties of Anagallis arvensis and Anagallis foemina traditionally used as
wound healing remedies
V. López a, A.K. Jäger b, S. Akerreta c, R.Y. Cavero c, M.I. Calvo c
a
Faculty of Health Sciences, San Jorge University, Autov. A-23 Zaragoza-Huesca km.510, 50830 Villanueva de Gállego-Zaragoza, Spain.
[email protected]. b Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. c School
of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
Background: Anagallis arvensis L. and Anagallis foemina Mill. (Primulaceae) are traditionally used in Navarra (Spain) for dermatological purposes regarding wound healing properties (1, 2). In some cases they are also used to treat internal infections although
they are known to be toxic at high doses.
Objectives: Due to lack of studies we decided to evaluate antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and anti-inflammatory activities of both species
using in vitro procedures.
Methods: Antimicrobial effects were studied against four bacteria and one fungus. Cytotoxicity was determined in PC12 and DHD/
K12PROb cells by MTT and LDH assays. Anti-inflammatory properties in terms of COX-1 and -2 inhibition as well as free radical
scavenging methods.
Results and conclusions: Both species exerted antimicrobial, cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory effects. The methanolic extract
obtained from A. arvensis produced the highest inhibition in Candida albicans (MIC = 0.31 mg/mL) and in cell growth. COX-1 and
-2 activity was also stronger for methanolic extracts while the aqueous were revealed as better free radical scavengers. The study
reveals that both species posses antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities related to their etnomedicinal uses and cytotoxicity
that may explain the toxic effects traditionally described.
Keywords: Anagallis arvensis, Anagallis foemina, Primulaceae, traditional medicine, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory.
Acknowledgments: San Jorge University and University of Navarra Foundation and are thanked for financial support.
References: 1. López V. et al. Pharm Biol 2008, 46:602-609. 2. Akerreta, S. et al. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2007, 3:16.
125
ISE3-P17 Effect of jasmonic acids, yeast extract and salicylic acid on tropan alkaloids production by Atropa
belladonna L transformed with the rolB gene
A. Eskandari Samet a, Kh. Piri b,*, M. Kayhanfar b, T. Hasanloo c
a
MA Student Department of Biotechnology - Faculty of Agriculture - Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran. b Associate Professor Department of Biotechnology - Department of Agriculture - Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran. Khosro Piri, [email protected]. c Assistant
Professor, Agricultural Biotechnology Reseacher Institute, Karaj, Iran.
Background: Hyoscyamine and scopolamine are the two most common tropane alkaloids found in the Solanaceae, and many
plants containing these alkaloids have been used for their medicinal, hallucinogenic, and poisonous properties. Atropa belladonna
L. (Solanaceae) is one of the widely used medicinal plants in the world and contains tropane alkaloids hyoscyamine and scopolamine. Hairy root cultures of Atropa belladonna L. produce the tropane alkaloids scopolamine and hyoscyamine.
Objectives: The effects of some abiotic elicitors such as jasmonic acids, yeast extract and salicylic acid on hyoscyamine and
scopolamine production by hairy root cultures of Atropa belladonna were studied.
Methods: Jasmonic acids, yeast extract and salicylic acid were tested at different concentrations (0,25,50,75,100µM for Jasmonic
acids, 0, 250, 500 and 1000 mg for yeast extract and 0, 250, 500 nad 1000 µM for salicylic acid). Hairy roots of 21-day old cultures
were exposed to these elicitors for 48 hours.
Results and conclusions: At low concentrations as 25 µM 250 mg and 250 µM, jasmonic acids, yeast extract and salicylic acid
increased the content of root scopolamine 2/1, 1/9 and 1/6 and hyoscyamine 2, 1.6 and 1.3–fold in comparison with control root,
respectively. The highest hyosyamine (6.96 mg/gr dw) and scopolamine (1.42 mg/gr dw) accumulation were obtained in cultures
treated with 50 µM jasmonic acids, whatever in control hairy root cultures were 3.3 mg/gr dw and 0.67 mg/gr dw, respectively.
In conclusion, the protocol presented here can be used for the production of these medicinally important tropane alkaloids by the
pharmaceutical industry, subject to economic considerations.
Keywords: Atropa belladonna, Hairy root, Tropane alkaloids, Jasmonic acids, Yeast extract and salicylic acid.
References: 1. Wink, M.. A short history of alkaloids. Plenum Press, New York, pp.11–44.(1998). 2. Kamada, H. Okamura, N. Satake, M.
Harada, H. Shimomura, K. (1986). Plant Cell Rep.5:139-242. 3. Ahungla,L.. Patil.,P.P. Barmukh,R.B. and Nikam,T.D.(2009). Indain Journal of
Biotechnology.8:317-322.
ISE3-P18 Ethnopharmacological screening of South African medicinal plants and HPLC based activity profiling for antiprotozoal leads
Y. Hata a,c, T. Julianti a, T. Mokoka b, N. Moodley b, S. Zimmermann a,d, M. Adams a, R. Brun d, M. Kaiser d, M. Hamburger a
a
Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
b
Council for Scientific and Industrial Research P.O. Box 395, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
c
Department of Pharmacy, National University of Colombia, Ciudad Universitaria, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
d
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.
Background: Diseases caused by protozoa are widespread in Southern Africa and there is a long tradition of using herbal remedies for their treatment (1).
Objectives: To screen plants traditionally used to treat protozoal infections against the parasites Plasmodium falciparum, Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania donovani and to identify their active constituents by HPLC based
activity profiling.
Methods: 107 plants were screened. To identify antiprotozoal peaks in active extracts, 350 µg were fractionated by HPLC into 32
one-minute fractions in a fully automated 96 well microfractionation scheme (2), and microfractions were tested. HPLC hyphenated
methods (MS, UV, ELSD, HRMS and offline LC-NMR) helped identify active substances online.
Results and conclusions: From the screened library, 102 (34.0%) exhibited more than 50% growth inhibition of one of the
parasites at the concentration of 9.7 µg/mL and were thus active. P. falciparum against which 72 plant extracts (24.0%) showed
activity was the most susceptible parasite, followed by L. donovani (49, 16.3%) and T. b. rhodesiense (36, 12.0%), with T. cruzi (0).
Keywords: Anti-parasitic diseases, HPLC-profiling, South African plants.
References: 1. Pylla, B. (2008) J Ethnopharmacol, 119:438-454. 2. Adams M. et al. (2009) Nat Prod Comm., 10:1377-8.
126
ISE3-P19 Comparison of biochemical markers of stress responses in Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Lamiaceae)
from three different Valencian habitats
O. Mayoral a, M. Boscaiu b, J.V. Llinares a, P. Donat, I. Bautista c, A. Lidón c, C. Lull c, O. Vicente d
a
Institut d’Investigació per a la Gestió Integral de les zones Costaneres (IGIC); b Institut Agroforestal del Mediterrani (IAM); c RE-FOREST,
Dpto. de Ingeniería Hidráulica y Medio Ambiente; d Institut de Biologia Molecular i Cel·lular de Plantes (IBMCP). Universitat Politècnica de
València, Camí de Vera S/N, 46022 – València (Spain).
Background: Rosmarinus officinalis is a perennial herb native to the Mediterranean region belonging to the Lamiaceae family. It
is a medicinal plant used in traditional and modern pharmacology due to its antiviral, antibacterial, antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties. In the Valencian region it is abundant in the Thermo and Mesomediterranean belts, occupying different habitats,
such as the three stressful environments studied here.
Objectives: The present study analyses biochemical responses to stress, such as osmolyte (proline, total sugars) and antioxidant
(total phenolic compounds, flavonoids) synthesis or cation (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+) accumulation by comparing plants from different
habitats.
Methods: Environmental stress was checked in three different habitats according to climatic and soil conditions: semi-arid climate, saline (with a strong influence of the sea) and gypsic soils. Leaf material was sampled from five individuals in each plot and
biochemical analyses were conduced by standard spectrophotometric methods. The cations were analysed by Atomic Absorption
Spectrometry.
Results and conclusions: R. officinalis synthesises higher amounts of proline, sugars, phenolic compounds and flavonoids when
growing on gypsic soils as a response to high and constant salinity level. Cation patterns correspond to the characteristics of the
soils: the highest amount of Na+ was found in plants from the saline habitat. The highest Ca2+ amount was registered in plants
from the semi-arid and gypsic soils areas. Plants from the semi-arid habitat contain higher levels of K+ whereas Mg2+ amount is
similar in the three areas.
Keywords: Abiotic stress, biochemical, cations, gypsic, saline, semi-arid.
Acknowledgments: This work is being funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (project CGL2008-00438/BOS), with
contribution from the European Regional Development Fund.
ISE3-P20 Screening of cytotoxic and antimicrobial effects of two American mistletoes
A.J. Alonso-Castro a, b, M.R. Jacobo-Salcedo b, c, L.A. Gonzalez-Espindola c, R. González-Martínez c, L.A. Salazar-Olivo d A. García-Carrancá b, e
a
Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, D.F. México. b Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Av. San Fernando 22, 14080, D.F., México. c Hospital de Especialidades No. 71 del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Boulevard
Revolución 2650 Ote, 27200, Torreón, Coahuila, México, d Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, Camino a la Presa
San José 2055, 78216, San Luis Potosí, México. e Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México,
Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, D.F, México.
Background: Loranthaceae family has members with cytotoxic and antimicrobial properties. Phoradendron longifolium ex Eichl
and Psittacanthus calyculatus (DC.) G, members of Loranthaceae family, are plants endemic from México. However, there are not
pharmacological studies of P. longifollium and P. calyculatus.
Objectives: To evaluate the cytotoxic and antimicrobial effects of aqueous extracts of two American mistletoes.
Methods: Several concentrations of American mistletoes were evaluated on human cancer cell lines using MTT assay. Antimicrobial effects were evaluated in drug-resistant clinical isolates of bacteria and fungi using agar diffusion method.
Results and conclusions: P. longifollium and P. calyculatus (IC50>30 μg/mL) lack of cytotoxic effects on human cancer cell lines.
On the other hand, P. calyculatus showed active (> 10 mm zone inhibition) antimicrobial effects on Acinetobacter lwoffii, Pseudomona aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia, whereas P. longifollium was active on Acinetobacter lwoffii.
Keywords: American mistletoes, cytotoxic, antimicrobial, Loranthaceae.
Acknowledgements: AJAC (174493) was endowed with a graduate scholarship from CONACYT, México.
127
ISE3-P21 Phytochemical and pharmacological investigation of Cordia americana
F. Geller a, B. Heinzmann b, O. Werz c, E. Flores d, I. Merfort e, S. Laufer a
a
Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Germany. [email protected]; b Department
of Pharmaceutical Industry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Brazil; c Department of Pharmaceutical Analytics, University of Tübingen,
Germany. d Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Brazil. e Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology,
University of Freiburg, Germany
Background: Cordia americana (Boraginaceae), locally known as “Guajuvira”, is a native Brazilian tree, whose leaves have been
widely used in traditional medicine in South Brazil to treat wounds and various inflammations.
Objectives: The objective of this work was to identify the effective compounds in the ethanolic extract prepared from the leaves
of Cordia americana, which is used as anti-inflammatory and wound healing remedy.
Methods: Isolation and structure elucidation techniques were performed in order to identify the compounds of Cordia americana
and HPLC analysis was used for the quantification. The major constituent and the ethanolic extract were investigated for inhibition
of 5-lipoxygenase, p38α MAPK, TNFα release and NF-κB as well as in the fibroblast scratch assay.
Results and conclusions: Phytochemical studies (i.e., MS and 1D and 2D NMR) revealed the presence of flavonols, phytosterols
and phenolic compounds. Rosmarinic acid (RA) was identified as the major compound with an amount of 8.44% in the ethanolic
extract of the leaves of Cordia americana. The ethanolic extract as well as RA exhibited the highest inhibitory effects on 5-lipoxygenase (IC50 = 0.69 and 0.97μg/mL, resp., IC50 of BWA4C as reference: 0.3 μM) and p38α (IC50 = 3.25 and 1.16 μg/mL, resp., IC50 of
SB203580 as reference: 0.046 μM) and moderate inhibitory effects on TNFα release. Slight effects were observed in the fibroblast
scratch assay. As conclusion, this study increases our knowledge on the effective compounds in Cordia americana and supports
its use in traditional medicine. We demonstrated for the first time pharmacological effects of Cordia americana and we provide
evidences for a crucial role of rosmarinic acid as the major key player.
Keywords: Cordia americana, Rosmarinic acid, Anti-inflammatory, p38α MAPK, TNFα, 5-LO, Fibroblast Scratch assay.
ISE3-P22 Pharmacological evaluation of Artemisia vulgaris
G.M. Natividad, K.J. Broadley, E.J. Kidd, W.R. Ford, C. Simons
Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3NB,UK.
Background: Artemisia vulgaris is a perennial weed native to Asia, Europe and North America (1-3), widely used in the Philippines
as an alternative medicine for its antihypertensive (1), antispasmodic (4) and bronchodilator activities mediated through blockade of
muscarinic receptors and Ca2+ influx (5).
Objectives: This study evaluated A. vulgaris for antagonistic activity at selected biogenic amine receptors on smooth muscle of
the airways, gastrointestinal tract and vascular system.
Methods: Antagonism of contractions of guinea-pig ileum, trachea and aorta to methacholine (M3 muscarinic receptors),
5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT receptors), histamine (H1 receptors), phenylephrine (α-adrenoceptors) and β-phenylethylamine (β-PEA,
trace amine associated receptors) by chloroform and methanol crude extracts of A. vulgaris was studied.
Results and conclusions: Chloroform (AV-CHCl3) and methanol (AV-MeOH) extracts of A. vulgaris reduced the maximum contractions of the ileum to 5-HT, methacholine, histamine and β-PEA), and of histamine and β-PEA in the trachea, indicating non-specific
smooth muscle relaxing properties. AV-CHCl3 and AV-MeOH additionally shifted the histamine curves parallel to the right in the
ileum and trachea, indicating also a competitive reversible H1 receptor antagonist. Phenylephrine and β-PEA contractions of the
aorta were potentiated in a second curve, which was prevented in the presence of AV-CHCl3, indicating inhibition of intracellular
Ca2+. AV-CHCl3 extracts purified through Sephadex followed by silica gel TLC showed two compounds of molecular mass 244 g/
mole and 262 g/mole, which competitively antagonised histamine in ileum and trachea. These properties of A. vulgaris might
explain its traditional use in asthma and hyperactive gut.
Keywords: Artemisia vulgaris, ileum, trachea, aorta, histamine, 5HT, methacholine, phenylephrine.
Acknowledgements: Supported by a studentship to GMN from the Ford Foundation.
References: 1. Tigno, XT. et al. Clin Hemorh Microcirc 2000, 23:167-175. 2. Lee, S-J. et al. J Agric Food Chem 1998, 46:3325-3329. 3.
Linley, PA. In Artemisia, Wright, CW. Ed CRC Press 2002, 139-189. 4. Quisimbing, E. Medicinal Plants of the Philippines. Katha Publishing
Manila 1978 5. Khan, A-U., Gilani, AH. J Ethno pharmacol 2009, 126:480-486.
128
ISE3-P23 The effects of Lonicera caerulea berry consumption on the antioxidative status of healthy human
volunteers in a one week intervention study
J. Ulrichova, J. Heinrich, I. Palíková, V. Simanek
Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
Background: Consumption of fruit with a high content of color pigment is associated with a decreased risk of CVD. This has been
ascribed in part to antioxidants which inactivate the reactive oxygen species underlying CVD.
Objectives: To study whether 7 day consumption of the anthocyanin-rich L. caerulea berries alters oxidative stress markers in
blood.
Methods: Ten healthy volunteers (female/male aged 20-60 y) consumed 165 g/day fresh berries (500 mg/day anthocyanins) for
one week. The phenolic acids, quercetine and anthocyanines were determined in berries and plasma/urine by HPLC-MS. Total
antioxidative capacity, plasma oxidative stress and clinical chemistry safety markers were measured.
Results and conclusions: The levels of hippuric acid and several phenolic acids were significantly increased in plasma and urine
of all subjects (p<0.05) but the anthocyanin concentration was under the detection threshold. The berries were well tolerated, but
failed to improve the antioxidative status in volunteers.
Keywords: Lonicera caerulea, anthocyanins, phenolic acids, clinical chemistry markers.
Acknowledgments: This study was supported by the grant MSM 6198959216.
References: Palíková, I. et al. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2008, 56: 11883-11889.
ISE3-P24 Chemical and anti-inflammatory effect of the methanol extract from Pimenta racemosa var. terebinthina a Caribbean medicinal plant.
M.T. Saenz, M.A. Fernández, A. Quilez, M.D. García
Depart. Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville (Spain). Profesor Garcia Gonzalez,2, 41012-Seville, Spain)
Background: The genus Pimenta (Myrtaceae) is widely represented in the Caribbean region and includes a large number of species which are traditionally used in local folk medicine. P. racemosa var. terebinthina is commonly known in the caribbean basin as
"canelilla" and it distribution is limited to the Samaná peninsula (Dominican Republic).
Objectives: to research the chemical composition of the methanol extract of P. racemosa var. terebinthina and to evaluate the
anti-inflammatory activity of this extract on two different acute inflammation experimental models.
Methods: The methanol extract was analysed by chromatographic and spectroscopic methods (TLC, GC , MS, NMR). The antiinflammatory activity has been evaluated using two experimental models: paw edema in rats, with carrageenan as phlogogen
agent, and ear edema in mice, inducing the inflammation with TPA. Myeloperoxidase activity was also assayed as an indicator of
leukocytary migration in the inflamed ears.
Results and conclusions: Fatty acids (palmitic, oleic, stearic, and cerotic) diterpenes (abietic and dehydroabietic acids) triterpenes
(α- and β-amyrin and lupeol), sterols (α- and β-sitosterol and (24S)-5α-stigmast-7-en-3β-ol) and squalene were isolated. Results showed
that P. racemosa var. terebinthina is effective against acute inflammation processes, by oral route and when was topically applied. The
MPO activity was strongly reduced and this indicates that the extract has strong effects on the neutrophil migration.The results provide a
scientific basis for the utilization of this species in the folk medicine by the treatment of acute anti-inflammatory processe.
Keywords: P. racemosa var. terebinthina, terpenes, sterols, fatty acids, inflammation.
129
ISE3-P25 Uterotonic activity of plant species used for abortion in Tanzania
F. Nielsen a, T. Nikolajsen a, V. Rasch b, c, P. Hartvigsen d, B.L. Sørensen d, S.B. Christensen a, A. K.Jäger a
a
Dept of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univ.of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. b Faculty of Health Sciences, Univ of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. c Dept. of Obstetric and
Gynaecology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark, d Dept. of International health, Immunology and Microbiology, Univ of Copenhagen,
Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
Background: Abortions in Tanzania are often performed by traditional healers. They help by preparing herbal remedies or providing instructions to the women. A problem is that it can lead to the use of ineffective or potentially toxic plant species.
Objectives: The objective is to screen 21 plant species, collected in Tanzania, for uterotonic activity due to their use as abortificients by traditional healers.
Methods: Collection of the plant species was based on ethnopharmacological studies conducted during the fall 2007 and 2008.
Ethanolic extracts were redissolved with 14 % ethanol in De Jalon solution. The extracts were tested on rat uterus in a cumulative
dose response curve experiment (1). Uterus contraction was compared to the maximum contractile effect of acetylcholine.
Results and conclusions: Several of the plant species showed contracting activity on the uterus. Out of the initial screening of
21 plant species six showed good uterotonic activity. The six species were Desmodium barbatum (L.) Benth (Fabaceae); Commelina africana L. (Commelinaceae); Oldenlandia corymbosa L. (Rubiaceae); Sphaerogyne latifolia Naudin (Melastomataceae); Rubia
cordifolia L. (Rubiaceae); Obetia radula (Baker) Leandri (Urticaceae).
Keywords: Uterotonic activity, abortificient, herbal remedies, Tanzania
References: 1. Van Rossum, J.M. (1963). "Cumulative dose-response curves. II. Technique for the making of dose response curves in
isolated organs and the evaluation of drug parameters." Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther 143: 299-330.
ISE3-P26 A family of Glucosyltransferases from Crocus sativus stigmas
A. Trapero, Y. Valero, A. Rubio-Moraga, O. Aharazem, L. Gómez-Gómez
Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, ETSIA, Campus universitario s/n, Albacete
Plants produce tens of thousands of different natural products also referred to as secondary metabolites. These small organic molecules allow plants to cope with various types of stress, while also carrying out biological activities which are often of high interest
to human industries. Although the true role of such metabolites in plants remains mostly unknown, it is evident that plants invest
a great deal of resources in synthesizing, accumulating and sorting such metabolites, often produced through complex and highly
regulated biosynthetic pathways operating in multiple cellular and sub-cellular compartments. Furthermore, some compounds are
restricted to single species or related groups and are often generated only during a specific developmental period of the plant. All
these particularities are found in Crocus sativus L. Saffron, the dried red stigmas of C. sativus, has been used as a flavouring and
colouring agent since then and is currently considered the world’s most expensive spice. Saffron is made up of a complex mixture
of volatile and non-volatile compounds that contribute to its overall aroma and flavour. Glucosylated carotenoids and flavonoids are
the main compounds detected in saffron, the different glycosidic structures observed suggest the existence of different families
of glycosyltransferases that act on these compounds. These enzymes are involved in defence, lignification, detoxification, floral
development and pigmentation. Sugar analysis and glucosidase treatment of saffron confirm the presence of glucosyltransferases
in the stigma tissue. Using a PCR approach, several glucosyltransferases have been isolated from saffron, expression analysis and
phyogenetic relationships will be presented.
130
ISE3-P27 Cloning and allergenic reactivity of two minor saffron allergens rCro s 3.01 and rCro s 3.02
L. Gómez-Gómez a, F. Feo-Brito b, A. Rubio-Moraga a, A. Trapero-Mozos a, A. Prieto c, O. Botella-Miralles a, O. Ahrazem a
Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética. Escuela Técnica Superior Ingenieros Agrónomos, Universidad de CastillaLa-Mancha, Albacete, Spain. b Servicio de Alergia, Hospital General de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain. c Departamento de Biología
Medioambiental, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain.
a
Background: Food allergies affect 6% of young children and 3-4% of adults in westernized countries. Spices are commonly used
in cooking in order to add flavour, odour and visual appeal to food. According to the United States Code of Federal Regulations,
most spices are recognized as safe for human consumption, although spices considered toxic may provoke allergic reactions, ranging from mild and local to severe systemic. Lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) are relevant allergens, recently proposed as model plant
allergens from fruit, vegetables, seeds and pollens. No LTP spice allergen has been characterized to date.
Objectives: To identify and isolate saffron LTPs and to explore their relevance in saffron allergy.
Methods: Six patients with positive skin prick test (SPT) to saffron extract were selected. Two recombinant LTPs from saffron were
isolated, cloned into pPIC9 and produced in Pichia pastoris. IgE Immunodetection and ELISA assays were performed with the two
purified allergens and with the major fruit peach LTP allergen Pru p 3.
Results and conclusions: Full cDNA corresponding to two saffron LTP variants were isolated and expressed in P. pastoris. The
molecular size of rCro s 3.01 and rCro s 3.02 was 9150Da and 9550Da, respectively. Both proteins were recognised by anti-Pru
p 3 antibodies. Specific IgE to the purified allergens was found in 50% for rCro s 3.01 and 33% for rCro s 3.02 and Pru p 3 in the
saffron-allergic patients.
rCro s 3.01 and rCro s 3.02 are minor saffron allergens, with this report being the first on the involvement of LTPs in spice allergy.
In addition, two allergenic members of the LTP family with a limited amino acid sequence identity (under 50%) have been found
in a single plant source. Interestingly, ELISA tests showed cross-reactivity between Pru p 3 and the LTPs isolated from saffron.
ISE3-P28 Scientific publications on animal studies of Chinese Herbal Medicines (CHM)
N. Tejedor a, L. García b, G. Olmos a, X. Dong c, Z. Ye d, R. Kumari e, Q. Xu c, S. Watson e, X. Cheng f, P. Li g, F. Lucio a
a
Dept Physiology, Univ. Alcala 28871 Alcala de Henares, Spain. b Hospital Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain. c King’s College London, UK. d
China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences. e Univ. Nottingham UK. f Tongji University and Yue-yang Hospital, Shanghai University of
TCM, Shanghai, China. g China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
Background: A group of scientists interested in in vivo studies of CHM have joined the "animal studies" work package of the
European Union-funded FP7 Consortium, GP-TCM.
Objectives: To analyze the literature on CHM in animal models of disease, especially, of cancer.
Methods: We searched PubMed using MeSH terms. The impact factor (IF) was analyzed.
Results and conclusions: We retrieved 6328 references (cancer: 665) for 1950-2009. Authors with Chinese names were overwhelmingly dominant (>98%). An intensification in research in 2000-2009 (3487; 55%) was observed (also in non-Chinese plant
medicine, 56%) but not in aspirin (31%) or acupuncture (41%). Half of the references on cancer had no impact factor (IF). The other
half had more frequently IFs<4. This is not unique to CHM as only 2 out of the top 13 journals publishing antineoplastic phytotherapy in animals had an IF>4. This is in sharp contrast to journals dedicated to antineoplastic agent studies in general: 7 out of
top 13 publishing journals had an IF>4. Frequently, herbs of unknown origin were subjected to a variety of extraction procedures
to render extracts without any fingerprinting analysis and the stability of the research materials in studies was usually unknown.
Therefore, although the past 10 years witnessed a surge of publications on CHM studies, the use of non-standardized research
materials could poorly support reproducibility and comparability of research on the same CHM and thus significantly damp the
scientific value and impact of these studies. More stringent quality control is highly desirable.
Keywords: Chinese herbal medicine, animal models of disease, cancer
Acknowledgments: European Union-funded Framework Programme 7.
131
ISE3-P29 Chemical constituents and antibacterial activity of Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Labiatae)
M.D. García, M.A. Fernández, A. Quílez, R. Puerta, M.T. Sáenz
Depart. Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville (Spain). Profesor Garcia Gonzalez,2, 41012 Seville, Spain.
Background: Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Labiatae) is an aromatic plant abundant in dry places, rocks and hills of the Mediterranean
scrub. Several studies in the last several years show that the oil from the leaves can help prevent the development of cancerous
tumours in laboratory animals. The oil is used externally as a rubefacient and an antiseptic and rosemary is also used as a condiment in cooking, but this plant present grand variability in the composition and percentage of the volatile constituents.
Objectives: In the present paper the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil obtained from Rosmarinus
officinalis L. were investigated in relation to their vegetative cycle.
Methods: The oil was processed by hidrodistillation in a Clevenger device.The constituents of the essential oils were identified on
the basic of their GC retention index (RI) and by matching their 70 eV mass spectra with our data and reference libraries.
The antibacterial assay was determined by agar dilution method using Mueller-Hinton agar.
Results and conclusions: Four samples (spring, summer, autumn and winter) of the volatile fraction of R. officinalis were analyzed. In the samples of spring and winter was camphor the major constituent (22.83% and 27.45% respectively), however the
samples of summer and autumn showed a lower content of 1,8 cineole (15,71% and 19,59% respectively).
The winter sample presented a more pronounced antibacterial activity
Keywords: R. officinalis, essential oil, camphor, 1,8 cineole, antibacterial activity,seasonal variations.
ISE3-P30 In vitro antimicrobial activity and toxicological evaluation of a leaf ethanolic extract of Diospyros
villosa
G. da Silva, J. Cirera, J. Rocha, R. Serrano, E.T. Gomes, B. Sepodes, A. Duarte, O. Silva
iMed.UL, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-019 Lisbon, Portugal.
Background: Diospyros villosa (L.) De Winter (Ebenaceae) is an African scandent shrub or small straggling tree naturally occurring in Mozambique and commonly known as hairy star-apple. Traditional medicine practitioners use bruised leaves of D. villosa
laid over painful spots for up to an hour as a counter irritant to any kind of fixed internal pain and vesicant effects were previously
reported. (1)
Objectives: This study aims simultaneously at the in vitro antimicrobial activity and the in vivo toxicological evaluation of a D.
villosa leaf ethanolic extract.
Methods: Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) of this extract were determined against Candida albicans ATCC 10231,
Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 43062, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Micrococcus luteus ATCC
10240 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Acute and repeated dose toxicities of these extracts were also determined in CD-6
adult male mice. Serum levels of biomarkers, such as ALT, AST, LDH, CK-MB and creatinine were measured.
Results and conclusions: In the range of tested concentrations (19.5 to 312.5 µg/mL) the extract has shown antimicrobial activity
against C. albicans, E. coli, E. faecalis and M. luteus. The most susceptible microorganism was M. luteus (MIC=19.5 µg/mL). The
toxicological evaluation revealed some renal and hepatic toxicity.
Keywords: Diospyros villosa; Antimicrobial activity; Toxicological evaluation; Ethnopharmacology.
References: 1. Bryant AT. Zulu Medicine and Medicine-Men. Cape Town: C. Struik, 1966.
132
ISE3-P31 Anti-inflammatory activity of four Baccharis species
E. Mata a, M.J. Abad a, L. Apaza a, L.M. Bedoya a, E.Gonzales b, P. Bermejo a
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain. b Instituto
de Investigaciones Farmacobioquímicas, Universidad de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
a
Background: Traditional herbal remedies have increased in popularity in recent years. Baccharis is a New World genus belonging
to the Compositae family, consisting in more than 400 species, about 90% of which are located in South America (1, 2). A screening program for anti-inflammatory activity in higher plants used in Southamerican traditional medicine has been developed in our
laboratory.
Objectives: A part of this screening program, we have examined organic and aqueous extracts of four Bolivian Baccharis species,
plants used in the traditional medicine of South America: Baccharis potosiensis H. Rob., Baccharis capitalensis Heering, Baccharis
ulicina Hook. et Arn., and Baccharis articulata Pers.
Methods: Mouse peritoneal macrophages stimulated with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide were used for testing cyclooxygenase-2 (PGE2) and nitric oxide activity.
Results and conclusions: Most of the extracts tested are capable of exerting inhibitory action on enzymes of the arachidonate
cascade, although the activity is mainly retained in the dichloromethane and ethanolic extracts. The preliminary results presented
here, suggest that some of these extracts contains principles with anti-inflammatory activity.
Keywords: Baccharis, PGE2, NO.
Acknowledgments: This work was supported by Programa de Cooperación Interuniversitaria e Investigación Científica del Ministerio de
Asuntos Exteriores y de Cooperación español (Acción Integrada D/011447/07 y D/020523/08).
References: 1. Abad, M.J. et al. Stud. Nat. Prod. Chem. 2005, 30: 703-759. 2. Abad, M.J. et al. Arkivoc 2007, VII: 76-96.
ISE3-P32 New compound of Artemisia campestris subsp. glutinosa, as inhibitor of nitric oxide
L. Apaza, L.M. Bedoya, E. Fernandes, M.J. Abad, P. Bermejo
Pharmacology Department, Pharmacy Faculty, Complutense University, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Background: A body of evidence suggests that Nitric Oxide (NO) is involved in various pathophysiological processes including
inflammation (1). The genus Artemisia is an interesting group of plants for application in different pathologies, including inflammatory diseases.
Objectives: In our search of anti-inflammatory agents from natural sources, the aim of the study was to investigate the in vitro
anti-inflammatory activity of extracts of Artemisia campestris subsp. glutinosa, with a parallel chromatographic fractionation
monitoring this activity.
Methods: A chromatographic fractionation was performed through a column of medium pressure and Flash silica column. IR,
NMR, MS, was used for the structural elucidation Mouse peritoneal macrophages stimulated with E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
were used to test NO activity.
Results and conclusions: Parallel bioguided-chromatographic fractionation of dichloromethane extract of A. campestris subsp.
glutinosa, allowed us to isolate compound 1. According to the IR, MS and NMR spectra, compound 1 corresponds to an aromatic
heterocyclic with a molecular weight of 530 containing a heteroatom. The extract, fractions and the isolated compound showed
marked activity as inhibitors of NO, released from LPS stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages (95% of inhibition at 10 mM).
Keywords: Artemisia, Inflammation, NO.
Acknowledgments: This work was supported by Programa de Cooperación Interuniversitaria e Investigación Científica del MAEC/AECID
(Acción Integrada D/011447/07 y D/020523/08)
References: 1. Aktan. Life Sci. 2004, 75: 639-53.
133
ISE3-P33 Potential antioxidants and tyrosinase inhibitors from leaf extracts of Zanthoxylum spp.
S.J. Hwang a, Sang Mi Han b, Suk Cheon Pak c
a
Chonnam National University, College of Natural Sciences, Dept. of Biology, Gwang-ju 500-757 S.Korea
b
National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-400, S. Korea
c
School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Bat, Australia
Background: Zanthoxylum is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees and shrubs in the citrus or rue family,
Rutaceae, native to warm temperature and subtropical areas worldwide. The genus Zanthoxylum has been credieted with a long
list of ethnompharmacological properties.
Objectives: In the present study, in vitro anti-oxidant and anti-tyrosinase properties of extracts of Zanthoxylum piperitum and
Zanthoxylum schinifolium leaves extracts were evaluated using various assays.
Methods: Z. piperitum and Z. schinifolium leaves harvested at the mature green stage were collected at Baek-un Mt. Chollanamdo, S. Korea in August 2009. The extracts of Z. piperitum and Z. schinifolium leaves using methanol, n-hexane, chloroform, ethy
acetate or butanol as solvents were evaluated for their tyrosinase inhibition, anti-oxidant and anti-microbial properties. The antityrosinase and anti-oxidant potentials were determined by in vitro mushroom tyrosinase assay and the free radical scaening
activity methods.
Results: Both of these results showed the strong inhibition abilities at a dosage of 100.0 µg/mL. Particularly, higher activity was
exhibited by Z. piperitum with 92.8% and 80.1% inhibition of butanol and ethyl acetate extracts, while 78.2% and 57.8% inhibitions by Z. schinifolium respectively. However, both butanol extracts exhibited higher DPPH radical scavening activity than the corresponding methanol, n-hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate extracts. In addition, extracts of Z. piperitum leaves showed more
potent anti-tyrosinase activity than Z. schinifolium leaves. Anti-microbial activities against Gram(+) and Gram(-) bacteria demonstrated good inhibition at 34.8 - 43.6 µg/mL. These results obtained from biological assays showed that extracts of Z. piperitum and
Z. schinifolium leaves possessed multiple bioactivities, including anti-tyrosinase, anti-oxidants, anti-microorganism and cell proliferation. The data exhibited the high potential of applying extracts of Z. piperitum and Z. schinifolium leaves in cosmoceutical lines.
Keywords: Z. piperitum, Z. schinifolium, antioxidants, tyrosinase, antimicrobial activity.
Acknowledgements: This work was financially supported by grant no 70004555 from The Ministry of Knowledge and Economy.
References: 1. Wang K. H. et al.: J. Ethnopharm. 2006, 106, 353-359. 2. Brown D.W. et al.: J. Photochem. Photobiol. 2001, 63, 148-161.
3. McChesney J.D. et al. Phytochemistry, 2007, 68, 2015-2022.
ISE3-P34 Antimicrobial activity of Panda oleosa Pierre stem bark against oral microorganisms
G. Brusotti a, b, I. Cesari a,b, P. Grisoli c, C. Dacarro b, c, G. Caccialanza a, b
a
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Viale Taramelli 12, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy, b Center for Studies and Researches in
Ethnopharmacy (C.I.St.R.E.), University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy,c Department of Experimental and Applied Pharmacology, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Background: As part of our contribution to phytochemical and biological survey and to validation of traditional uses of pygmies
Baka medicinal plants (1), we report herein the study on of Panda oleosa stem bark as a remedy for oral cavity affection.
Objectives: Validation of the traditional use of P. oleosa stem bark through the evaluation of the antimicrobial activity against
oral cavity bacteria.
Methods: Colourimetric assays, Spectrophotometric analyses, Sephadex LH-20 column (2).
Results and conclusions: According to the in vitro bioassay-guided results the antimicrobial properties of P. oleosa stem bark
extracts have been demonstrated. Methanol is probably the best solvent for the extraction of bioactive compounds against oral
Streptococci; however, all the extracts showed a significant activity, included a decoction in water, prepared following the pygmies
original procedure. Preliminary qualitative analyses performed on the most active extract highlighted the presence of phenolic
compounds, particularly condensed tannins. In order to isolate condensed tannins the methanol crude extract was chromatographed over Sephadex LH-20 coloumn and two different fractions were collected. The tannin fraction exhibited a pronounced
antimicrobial activity (Minimal inhibitory Concentration <200 µg/mL), while the non-tannins fraction resulted inactive against oral
microorganisms. Data obtained suggest that tannins could be the chemical family responsible for the biological activity observed.
Keywords: Panda oleosa bark extract (Hook.f.) Brenan, tannins fraction, pygmies traditional medicine.
References: 1. J Ethnopharmacol. 2008 Oct 30;120(1):13-6. 2 Hagerman A.E. Tannin Handbook, Ed. Miami University, Ohio, 1995.
134
ISE3-P35 Evaluation of the antiviral properties of Andes nutritional plants
L.M. Bedoya a,b, L. Apaza a, E. Mata a, G. Rocabado a, E. Gonzáles c, M.J. Abad a, J. Alcami b, P. Bermejo a
Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pz. Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid,
Spain. b Departamento de Inmunopatología del SIDA, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ctra. Pozuelo Km. 2,
Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain. c Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Bioquímicas, Universidad Mayor de
San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia.
a
Background: Indigenous groups from South America have traditionally used plant tubers and roots as therapeutic agents with
anti-infectious or aphrodisiac properties (1) as Solanum juzepczukii Buk used for the treatment of warts (2).
Objectives: In this work we have focused our interest in the in vitro anti-infectious properties of nutritional plants natives from
Bolivia highlands, as chuño (S. tuberosum subsp andigenum), tunta (S. juzepczukii Buk), caya (Oxalis tuberosa Mol) and maca
(Lepidium meyeni Walp).
Methods: Extracts and compounds were obtained by standard procedures and molecular structures elucidated by spectroscopic
methods. HIV inhibition evaluation was performed with two different systems, a classical MTT and a recombinant virus assay.
Results: Just one of the plants tested, L. meyenii or Maca, displayed HIV inhibition. The traditionally used aqueous extract was
only barely active but hexanic extract was more potent, with an inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) of 45 µg/mL. Bioguided fractionation of this extract yielded a new pyrrole-imidazole alkaloid with moderate anti-HIV activity (IC50 40 µM).
Keywords: HIV, Lepidium, Andes plants, Maca, alkaloids.
Acknowledgments: This work was supported by Programa de Cooperación Interuniversitaria e Investigación Científica del Ministerio de
Asuntos Exteriores y de Cooperación español (Acción integrada D/011447/07 y D/020523/08).
References: 1. Valadares YM, Brandaoa GC, Kroon EG, Filho JD, Oliveira AB, Braga FC. Antiviral activity of Solanum paniculatum extract
and constituents. Z Naturforsch C. 2009; 64(11-12):813-8. 2. De Lucca & Zalles. Editioral Los Amigos del Libro. 1ra Ed. 1992.
ISE3-P36 Comparative study on monosaccharide compositions between Astragalus polysaccharide and Hedysarum polysaccharide by precolumn derivation HPLC
J. Liu, S.K. Yung, H.B. Chen, Z.Z. Zhao, T. Yi
Hong Kong Baptist University, 5 Baptist University Road, KLN, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
Background: Radix Astragali (RA), is the dried root of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao
(MGHQ) or Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge (MJHQ), whereas Radix Hedysari (RH) is the dried root of Hedysarum polybotrys
Hand.-Mazz. Both RA and RH are claimed to be useful to benefit the deficiency of "Qi" (the vital energy). Generally, RA is more
frequently used in China than RH. However, in northwest China and Taiwan, RH is still widely used in clinical practice rather than
RA. Polysaccharides are reported to be the activity constituents in both RA and RH in recent years.
Objectives: To develop a precolumn derivation HPLC method to simultaneously separate and identify the monosaccharide compositions of polysaccharides in order to compare the monosaccharide compositions in RA and RH polysaccharides.
Methods: Polysaccharides were isolated by water extraction-alcohol precipitation. They were hydrolyzed by trifluoroacetic acid
into monosaccharides and then labeled with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP). The labeled monosaccharides derivatives
were separated by a reverse phase C-18 column and monitored by UV absorbance at 245 nm. The composition analysis of monosaccharides could be achieved by using a set of monosaccharide standards.
Results and conclusions: The results demonstrated that the precolumn derivation HPLC method was precise and practice for the
analysis of polysaccharides. The ratios of arabinose, galacturonic acid, galactose, glucose, mannose and rhamnose in the MGHQ,
MJHQ and RH were respectively 2.72: 7.65: 5.88: 206.64: 1: 5.49, 1.54: 9: 6.7: 311.43: 1: 9.21 and 2.01: 6.8: 3.31: 102.6: 1: 3.05.
Keywords: Radix Astragali, Radix Hedysari, polysaccharides, HPLC, precolumn derivation.
135
ISE3-P37 An integrated approach to ethnomedicinal research. A case study with an Australian aboriginal
community
J. Packer a, J. Gaikwad a, D. Harrington a, S. Ranganathan a, S. Vemulpad a, J. Jamie a, Yaegl Community Elders b
a
Indigenous Bioresources Research Group, Faculty of Science, Macquarie University, 2109, Sydney, Australia. b Yaegl Local Aboriginal Land
Council, Hillcrest, 2463, Maclean, Australia.
Collaborations with Indigenous medicinal knowledge holders can be an invaluable tool for ethnomedicinal research, benefitting all
members of the partnership. Anecdotal evidence of traditional remedies can assist scientists in targeting bioactive plants. Communities can benefit from discoveries linked to this knowledge and having this information documented as a perpetual resource
for future generations.
The objectives of this project are to evaluate the bioactive potential of traditional remedies used by the Yaegl Aboriginal community in northern New South Wales, Australia, and document this valuable and dying resource. Best ethical practices underpin
our integrated methodology.
Interviews with community Elders were guided by questionnaires specifically devised for this project and selected plants were
tested for their antibacterial potential based on their customary use. Ongoing in-kind support is provided in the form of resource
materials to the community, as well as educational activities with local (including many indigenous) high school students, providing
leadership and higher education opportunities.
17 community Elders discussed the use of 56 plants, 42 with a reported medicinal use. This information has been consolidated into
a database (www.biolinfo.org/cmkb) with exclusive access to the community, as well as in the form of a booklet co-authored with
the Elders. Antibacterial screening of customary preparations and ethanol extracts of plants has revealed activity in six of the 19
plants tested. This integrated approach to ethnomedicinal research has proved valuable to all involved.
Keywords: Australia, Aboriginal, Indigenous, education, antibacterial, benefit sharing, Ethnomedicine, screening, documentation.
ISE3-P38 Benzophenones from the roots of the Popoluca Amerindian medicinal plant Securidaca diversifolia (L.) S.F. Blake
L. Casu a, M.N. Solinas a, A.R. Saba a, F. Cottiglia a, P. Caboni b, C. Floris c, S. Laconi d, R. Pompei d, M. Leonti a
a
Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università di Cagliari, Facoltà di Farmacia, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari (CA), Italy.
b
Dipartimento di Tossicologia, Università di Cagliari, Facoltà di Farmacia, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari (CA), Italy. c Dipartimento di
Scienze Chimiche, Università di Cagliari, Complesso di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy. d Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche. Sezione di Microbiologia Applicata, Università di Cagliari, Via Porcell 4, 09124 Cagliari (CA), Italy.
Background: The Sierra Popoluca in southern Veracruz (Mexico) use a maceration of the root bark of S. diversifolia to treat feverish diseases, inclusive measles.
Objectives: Strengthening the link between biosciences and traditional knowledge through the isolation and in vitro testing of
bioactive compounds from S. diversifolia.
Methods: The structures of the new compounds were established by means of 1D and 2D spectroscopic data and Q-TOF HRMS
analysis. Compounds were evaluated against Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and poliovirus Sabin 1 in virus-infected confluent
Hela cell monolayers.
Results and conclusions: Three new benzophenones were described. Of these, only 2,4-dihydroxy-3,3′-dimethoxy-benzophenone
showed selective activity against HSV-1 with an IC50 of 4 μg/mL and a protection index of 16 (with respect to toxicity towards Hela
cells).
Keywords: Securidaca diversifolia, Polygalaceae, Benzophenones, Antiviral activity, Herpes
Acknowledgements: We are especially grateful to the Popoluca community of the Sierra Santa Marta (Veracruz, Mexico) for sharing their
knowledge.
136
ISE3-P39 Therapeutic properties of Indigo, alkaloids derived from Indigofera truxillensis Kunth in classic
models of inflammation
R.J. Dunder, E.A.R. Socca, A. Luiz-Ferreira, L.P. Manzo, C. Takayama, A.C.A. Almeida, F.M. De Faria, A.R.M. Souza-Brito.
Department of Pharmacology UNICAMP, Campinas- SP- Brazil CEP 13084-971. [email protected]
Inflammation is an important response of the immune system against pathogens, or tissue injury. Interestingly, several of its
events, such as cellular infiltration can cause tissue damage. NSAIDS cause side effects, in this context etnopharmacological
studies suggest the use of some compounds with antiinflammatory properties. In this study, Indigo alkaloids derived from Indigofera truxilensis Kunth was evaluated in acute and chronic models of Inflammation. For acute inflammatory tests UNIB: WH rats
and UNIB: SW mice were separated, receiving Indigo doses of 1,5; 3,0 and 6,0 mg/kg, the negative control received saline (0,9%)
and the positive control indomethacin (INDO- 5mg/kg). In chronic tests, Dexamethasone (DEXA - 0,5mg/kg) was used as positive
control. On xylene ear model, 1 hour after receiving the drug (20µl of xylene), the mice were euthanized and an 8 mm diameter
section was removed from both ears and then weighted, and the differences in weights between the right and left ear discs were
recorded as the edema. Hind paw edema: groups of rats received carrageenan (0,2 mL of 500 µg/mL) on sub plantar left hind paw.
The swelling was evaluated at four intervals of 1 hour after stimulus using a Plethysmometer. Granuloma cotton pellet model:
rats were anaesthetized and incision made on the dorsal surface. A sterilized cotton pellet (20mg) was implanted. The drugs were
administered daily (1–7 days). On the 8 th day, the rats were sacrificed and pellets were dissected, weighed, dried at 70°C and the
dry weights were determined and percentage of inhibition. ANOVA, followed Tukey. These results show that Indigo at three doses
inhibit edema formation on both models of acute inflammation (30; 69,7 and 32% respectively), for ear edema the positive control
inhibited the edema by INDO 64,6%, on hind paw edema, the alkaloids reduced swelling by (54; 64,4; 64,4 %) respectively, INDO
showed 52,7% of inhibition. Indigo reduced cellular infiltration on granuloma cotton pellet model; by 54; 63,5; and 53%, DEXA
reduced infiltration by 77%. The results showed that Indigo alkaloids have anti-inflammatory activity in acute and chronic models.
ISE3-P40 Animal models for cancer research in Traditional Chinese Medicine
W. Yang a, G. Li a, L. Garcia b, G. Olmos c, F. Lucio c, X. Cheng a,d
a
Yue-yang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China; b University Hospital Ramon y Cajal,
28034 Madrid, Spain; c Department of Physiology, University of Alcala, 28871 Alcala de Henares, Spain; d Tongji University, Shanghai
200092, China.
Background: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been used to treat human cancer diseases for a long time due to its significant efficacy in clinic. A large number of experimental studies on anti-tumor effects of TCM have been carried out by more and
more scientists and doctors recently.
Objectives: To analyze the approach of animal models for cancer research in TCM.
Methods: Using MeSH terms PubMed was searched and the related articles were reviewed.
Results and conclusions: Based on the literature in the past ten years, animal models for cancer research in TCM were mainly
transplanted tumor models and induced tumor models. The diagnosis of animal models, for example, liver cancer, breast cancer,
gastric cancer, prostate cancer and leukemia, was mostly using the criteria of western medicine, and lack of the syndromes of
TCM. Only a few signs and symptoms of animal models were determined, such as body weight, food intake, hair, activity, and
faeces. They were not evaluated as the specific mark of the therapeutic efficacy of TCM. Mostly the therapeutic efficacy was
determined through the following indicators: tumor size and weight, tumor growth inhibition, inhibitory rate of metastasis, living
status and survival time of the animals. Despite a large number of experimental studies on animal models of cancer in TCM has
been performed, they were not so standardized or not so quantified. Therefore, in the future studies, it is very necessary to concentrate more on standardization of the animal models used in cancer research studies and standardization of quantitative diagnostic
criteria is also required. The therapeutic efficacy of TCM needs to be evaluated using more accurated parameters and repeatedly
confirmed using multiple methods.
Keywords: Animal model, cancer, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)
Acknowledgments: European Union-funded FP-7; Shanghai Oriental Scholar & Human Resource Developing Grants.
137
ISE3-P41 Thai medicinal herbs for anti-inflammatories and anticancers
N. Siriwatanametanon a, B.L. Fiebich b, c, T. Efferth d, M. Heinrich a
a
Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29–39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX,
United Kingdom. b Neurochemistry Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, University of Freiburg Medical School, Hauptstrasse 5,
D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. c VivaCell Biotechnology GmbH, Ferdinand-Porsche-Str. 5, D-79211 Denzlingen, Germany. d Department of
Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55099 Mainz, Germany
Background: Ethnobotanical information about traditionally used anti-inflammatory plants was analysed and the selected plants
were investigated for their claim activities. Most of these plants were used as multi-purpose medicinal plants. It is expected that
long history of their uses might offer opportunities for the discovery of novel anti-inflammatory and/or anticancer agents.
Objectives: To assess traditional Thai claims about the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants and to select plants for future
phytochemical research.
Methods: Nine plant species were selected from Thai textbooks and the plant were collected from Bangkok and the north-eastern
part of Thailand. The plants were investigated in vitro for their anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities and since redox status
has been linked with both inflammation and cancer, antioxidant effects were also assessed.
Results and conclusions: There was a correlation between medicinal claims about the uses of the plants and their in vitro
activities found in our experiments, particularly, Gynura pseudochina (L.) DC. var. hispida Thv. (Asteraceae), Oroxylum indicum (L.)
Kurz. (Bignoniaceae) and Muehlenbeckia platylclada F., Muell., Meisn. (Polygonaceae) were found to possess anti-inflammatory
activity and could serve as leads for the development of future anti-inflammatory drugs. Pouzolzia indica (L.) Gaudich. (Urticaceae),
which showed potent anti-leukemia activity, might yield novel natural compounds as anticancer products. The results obtained
here support the uses of the plants as anti-inflammatory remedies and as anticancer agents in Thai traditional medicine.
Keywords: Anti-inflammatory, NF-κB, pro-inflammatory cytokines, antioxidant, anticancer, Thai medicinal plants
ISE3-P42 Plants used to treat genito-urinary system disorders in a rural community in the zona da Mata of
Minas Gerais, Brazil
C.W. Kffuri, F. Chechetto, L.C. Ming
Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho", Facultade de Ciências Agronômicas - Campus Botucatu, Fazenda Experimental
Lageado - Rua José Barbosa de Barros, 1780, Caiza Postal 237, CEP 18610-207 Botucatu – Brasil.
Background: Minas Gerais stands out as the Brazilian state with the largest losses in native vegetation, including medicinal
plants. The destruction of vegetation has also brought the loss of traditional knowledge about the therapeutic properties of plants.
Objectives: Analyze the ethnopharmacological characteristics in community of Senador Firmino.
Methods: Fieldwork was conducted from October 2007 and April 2008 in the municipality of Senador Firmino in the Zona da Mata
of Minas Gerais. Semi-structured interviews and participant observation were conducted with 20 informants in the rural municipality to do research on medicinal plants used in the region. The informants were identified by the method "snowball".
Results and conclusions: We recorded 130 species of plants used in traditional medicine, whose 24 species were indicated
for the treatment genito-urinary disorders, belonging to 22 families. As for the biogeographical distribution of species 66.6% are
native and 33.4% are exotic. The indications cited were: kidney, ovary, bladder, diuretic, diseases of sex, testicles, kidney stones,
menstrual problems, postpartum, menopause, inflammation of the bladder channel and Infection of female reproductive tract. The
plant parts most used were the leaves, the aerial parts, the whole plant, bark and flowers, and preparation techniques most used
were infusion, syrup, decoction, bath, food. The genera of native species cited were Echinodorus, Schinus, Aristolochia, Jacaranda,
Tournefortia, Cecropia, Tagetes, Stryphnodendron, Bauhinia, Smilax, Cuphea, Boerhavia, Potomorphe, Rubus, Waltheria and Costus. The people from community know and use the medicinal plants to treat genito-urinary diseases and most of the plants are
native.
Keywords: Traditional knowledge, medicinal plants, genito-urinary system, Minas Gerais.
138
ISE3-P43 Proteínas do látex de Calotropis procera modulam a resposta inflamatória na sepse induzida por
Salmonella typhimurium em camundongos
R.S.B. Oliveira b, I.S.T. Figueiredo a, R.S.P. Pinheiro a, L.B.N. Freitas a, E.S. Araújo b, G.A.C. Brito a, J.V. Lima-Filho c, M.V. Ramos b, N.M.N.
Alencar a
a
Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia; b Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Brasil.
c
Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Brasil. [email protected]
Contexto: Calotropis procera é uma planta extensivamente utilizada na medicina popular. Diversos estudos descrevem propiedades biológicas de moléculas do látex desta planta, como atividades anti-inflamatória, cicatrizante e anti-câncer (1, 2).
Objetivos: Investigar o efeito de uma fração protéica do látex de C. procera (LP) no modelo de sepse induzida por S. typhimurium
em camundongos Swiss.
Métodos: A taxa de sobrevida dos animais (10/grupo) foi avaliada durante sete dias. Migração de neutrófilos (MN) e níveis de
óxido nítrico (NO) foram determinados no sangue e fluido peritoneal dos animais infectados com S. typhimurium (107 CFU/mL;
i.p.), tratados ou não comResultados e conclusões: A inoculação da bactéria provocou quadro séptico severo nos animais com
100% de mortalidade, falência na MN para o foco infeccioso e aumento de NO sanguíneo. LP 30 mg/Kg (dose única; i.p.) preveniu
a morte de 100% dos animais (p<0.05), induziu intensa MN (p<0.05), diminuiu NO no sangue e aumentou no fluido peritoneal dos
animais infectados (p<0.05). Estes resultados sugerem que o efeito protetor de LP neste modelo de sepse parece está relacionado
á modulação da resposta inflamatória via redução na síntese de NO com restauração da MN para o local da infecção.
Palavras - chave: Calotropis procera, latex, proteins, nitric oxide, sepsis.
Agradecimentos: CNPq, FUNCAP, IFS.
Referências: 1. Alencar NMN et al. (2004) Plant Med 70:1144-1149. 2. Choedon T et al. (2006) World J Gastroenterol 12(16):2517-2522.
ISE3-P44 Fraction from Calotropis procera latex shows anti-inflammatory and protective effects in models
of gastric ulcer and intestinal mucositis in mice.
N.M.N. Alencar a, M.V. Ramos b, C.B.H. Osorio a, F.S. Bitencourt a, V.L. Kumar c, R.C.P. Lima-Junior a, J.P. Figueiredo a, P.B. Luz a, S.A. Melo a,
R.A. Ribeiro a
a
Depart. de Fisiologia e Farmacologia- Universidade Federal do Ceará(UFC) Brasil, b Depart. de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular-UFC,
c
Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi India. [email protected]
Background: Calotropis procera (CP) is a plant found in Africa, Asia and South America. constitutively produces abundant latex
that is reported to possess bacteriolytic, insecticidal, analgesic, healing on dermal wounds and anti-diarrhea properties
Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and protective effects of a non-dialised proteic fraction of latex
from CP (LP) in models of gastric ulcer and intestinal mucositis in mice.
Methods: Swiss mice (n = 10) were used. For gastroprotective effects, animals were fasted for 16 h, treated with LP (0.005, 0.5,
50 mg/kg i.v.) or n-acetilcysteine (750 mg/kg i.p.) or saline (Sal i.v.). After 15 min, they received 0.2 mL of ethanol 98% p.o., 35 min
later were sacrified, and ulcer index were meansured. For mucositis model, the animals were treated for 4 days with Sal (i.p.) or
irinotecan (75 mg/Kg, i.p.). LP (5, 10, 20 mg/kg/day, i.v.) was administered for 6 days, 30 min before the irinotecan. On the 7th day,
we evaluated the diarrhea, myeloperoxidase activity (in duodenum, MPO, neutrophils/mg tissue) and total leukocyte count (x103/
mL). Regarding statistics we used ANOVA/Bonferroni’s test or Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn. P
Results and conclusions: LP significantly prevented gastric lesion in doses of 5 and 50 mg/kg compared to Sal. It did not change
leukopenia induced by irinotecan at doses tested vs group that received only irinotecan but decreased significantly scores for diarrhea and MPO levels only at 5 mg/kg. These findings demonstrate anti-inflammatory and protective activity of LP in both models.
New approaches are being undertaken to elucidate the possible mechanism of action involved
Keywords: Calotropis procera, gastroprotection, mucositis, irinotecan.
139
ISE3-P45 Estandarización de un extracto, con actividad antimalárica, de Abuta grandifolia (Mart.) Sandw.
(Menispermaceae): Fase I
Y. Hata a, P. Luengas a, L. Arteaga a, R. Pinzón a, P. Palacios b, L.F. Ospina a
a
Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Ciudad Universitaria, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
b
Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Amazonía, Amazonas, Colombia.
Antecedentes: Abuta grandifolia es una planta utilizada por los indígenas Siona de la región amazónica colombiana, para el
tratamiento de la malaria (1). En estudios previos se comprobó la existencia de alcaloides bisbencilisoquinolínicos con actividad
antimalárica, en esta especie (2, 3).
Objetivos: Contribuir a la estandarización de un extracto de A. grandifolia mediante el establecimiento del órgano a ser utilizado
como droga, de las mejores condiciones extractivas, de perfiles cromatográficos y de la evaluación de su actividad biológica y
toxicidad.
Métodos: A partir de los tallos, hojas y raíces fueron obtenidos extractos, mediante el empleo de diferentes metodologías. Se
realizaron perfiles cromatográficos (CCD y HPLC), se hizo el seguimiento de la actividad antimalárica mediante el ensayo in vitro
de inhibición del desarrollo de Plasmodium falciparum cepa FCB-2 y se evaluó la toxicidad aguda (método de dosis fijas OECD).
Resultados y conclusiones: Se obtuvieron extractos acusoso, etanólicos y una fracción alcaloidal de cada uno de los órganos
recolectados. La actividad antimalárica más notoria fue obtenida a partir de las fracciones alcaloidales de tallos (IC50 entre 1.41 y
2.59). Ninguno de los extractos presentó toxicidad aguda significativa. Los perfiles cromatográficos mostraron entre 1 y 4 alcaloides, siendo este parámetro proporcional a la actividad antimalárica y dependiente del método de extracción.
Palabras clave: Abuta grandifolia, estandarización de extractos, alcaloides, actividad antimalárica.
Referencias: 1. García, H. Flora Medicinal de Colombia. Bogotá: Universidad Nacional de Colombia; (1974). 2. Reguero, M. et al. Rev Mex
Cienc Farm (1998); 29: 10-12. 3. Steel, J. et al. Planta Medica (1999); 656: 413-416.
ISE3-P46 Skin protection and skin whitening effects of flowers of Prunus persica var. davidiana
S.C. Shin a, M.Y. Kim b, D.U. Lee a
a
Division of Bioscience, Dongguk University a 707 Seokjang-dong, 780-714, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea. Jeun-Cell Inc. b 538-3 Chunghyodong, 780-020, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
Background: Prunus persica var. davidiana, a wild plant distributed in East Asia, has not yet been reported for its skin protection and skin whitening effect. We are continuously searching for the bioactive extracts or compounds applicable as functional
cosmetic ingredients from plants.
Objectives: The present study was carried out to investigate the skin protection and skin whitening effect of the flower extracts
of the titled plant, which would contribute further development of the natural functional cosmetics.
Methods: Inhibitory activity on mushroom tyrosinase, cell viability of B16 murine melanoma, analysis of melanin content, antioxidant effects and human keratinocyte inhibitory action of the extract and fractions of the plant material were investigated.
Results and conclusions: Among the tested samples (crude extract and four fractions), hexane fraction containing an essential
oil strongly inhibited the tyrosinase activity and showed the proper inhibition on melanin biosynthesis of melanoma cell without
cytotoxicity. Moreover, the inhibition of melanin deposition on skin measured by inhibition of B16 murine melanoma cell growth
was as strong as positive control, arbutin. Besides that, the hexane fraction and methylene chloride fraction exhibited anti-lipid
peroxidation, DPPH scavenging activity and SOD activation.
As a result, the above plant may be choosed for further studies for the natural cosmetics.
Keywords: Prunus persica var. davidiana, skin protection, skin whitening, melanoma cell.
Acknowledgments: This work was financially supported by SanHak Coporation Program of SMBA in Korea.
References: 1. Kuo-Hsien et al. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2006, 106: 353.
140
ISE3-P47 Evaluation of the action mechanism of anxiolytic-like effect of essential oil (EO) from Citrus aurantium L.
C.A.R.A. Costa, M. Costa
Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Biociências, Unesp – Univ Estadual Paulista, 18618-970, Botucatu, Brasil.
Objectives: We previously demonstrated (1) that the acute treatment with EO was effective in experimental procedures against
generalized anxiety disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder, in mice. In the present study we investigated the effect of EO after
the blockage of gabaergic (GABA) or serotonergic (5-HT) neurotransmission systems.
Methods: Adult Swiss male mice (45 days) received vehicle (TW-Tween® 0,01% – 10mL/Kg, p.o.) or Diazepam (DZP – 1mg/Kg, i.p.)
as control groups. To address a possible contribution from the GABA, mice were co-administered EO (5 mg/Kg, p.o.) or DZP 30 min
before the test and with Flumazenil (FLU – 2mg/Kg, i.p.) 15 min before testing. To evaluate the interference from the 5-HT, mice
received WAY100635 (WAY – 0.5 mg/Kg, i.p.) and 15 min afterwards received EO (5 mg/Kg, p.o.) or DZP (1 mg/Kg, i.p). After their
individual treatment, mice were exposed to the Light-Dark Box (LDB) paradigm for recording of classical parameters, presented as
median and interquartile range and compared with Kruskall-Wallis nonparametric ANOVA and post-hoc contrast tests.
Results and conclusions: The time (s) spent in the light side of LDB, the main anxiolytic parameter, was increased by DPZ
[135(108-188)] and EO [96(75-107)] when compared with TW group [49(43-60)]. Increased time due to EO treatment was not reversed by FLU [94(72-100)], but was significantly reversed by WAY [63(39-86)], denoting an involvement of serotonergic system in
the anxiolytic-like effect. This effect was not accompanied by locomotor impairment.
Keywords: Anxiety, Citrus aurantium, GABA, serotonin, mechanism of action, mice
Acknowledgments: FAPESP (Process nº 06/07195-8)
References: 1. Pultrini et al., Life Sci 2006, 78:720-1725.
ISE3-P48 In vitro cytotoxic activity of two Euphorbia species from Spain
N. Acero, D. Muñoz-Mingarro
Universidad CEU San Pablo. Urb. Montepríncipe. 28660 Boadilla del Monte. Madrid. Spain.
Background: Several species of the genus Euphorbia had been traditionally used as cytotoxic agents, for the treatment of tumours, warts, and other diseases (1). Cultures with rich tradition of plant-based knowledge in health care, as Chinese, Indian, South
American and also Spanish folklore tradition use different Euphorbia extracts for various purposes (2). Research work evidence the
fact that this genus represent a reservoir of cytotoxic agents (3), however, more studies are required in this respect. There are no
bibliographic references about E. matritensis and E. serrata bioactivity.
Objectives: The present study evaluates the in vitro cytotoxic activity of cold and hot, methanolic and chloroformic extracts, of
the aerial parts of E. serrata and E. matritensis over five cell lines (four tumoral and one no tumoral). A preliminary phytochemical
analysis was also done.
Methods: To evaluate the cytotoxic capacity of the extracts, the MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] colorimetric assay were used. A preliminary phytochemical analysis was done in order to determine the presence of anthraquinones, terpenes, saponins (triterpenic and steroidal), tannins and flavonoids. HPTLC with appropriated mobile phases and
detection reagents were developed for di and triterpenes, saponins and flavonoids.
Results and conclusions: The extracts show a moderate cytotoxic activity. Cold chloroformic extracts were the most active in
both species. Differences in activity between species could be attributed to differences in terpene composition.
Keywords: Euphorbia matritensis, Euphorbia serrata, Cytotoxicity.
Acknowledgments: Univ. CEU San Pablo for financial support.
References: 1. Betancur-Albis, L.A. et al. (2002) Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz., 97(4):541-6. 2. Kumar B. et al. (2007) J. Ethnopharmacol.,
114(2): 103-13. 3. Wada, S. et al., (1998) Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 8:2829-32.
141
ISE3-P49 Actividad anti-inflamatoria de fracciones químicas aisladas de extractos de Byrsonima crassifolia y Vismia cayennensis
M. García a, b, K. Marin c, F. Michelangeli a, M.C. Ruiz a, A. Quintero a, E. Villamizar a, P. Taylor a.
a
Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Apartado 20632, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela, b Universidad de Carabobo, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Maracay, Venezuela, c Universidad de Oriente, Núcleo Sucre, Venezuela.
Antecedentes: El uso de plantas para el tratamiento de enfermedades inflamatorias es bien conocido (1). B. crassifolia (2) y V.
cayennensis (3) son evaluadas en nuestro laboratorio por su posible actividad anti-inflamatoria. Los macrófagos intervienen en la
respuesta inflamatoria, secretando mediadores pro-inflamatorios como: oxido nítrico (NO), TNF-a e IL-6.
Objetivos: Evaluar la actividad anti-inflamatoria de fracciones aisladas de extractos de B. crassifolia y V. cayennensis in vitro e
in vivo.
Métodos: Las fracciones fueron obtenidas por separación sólido-liquido con solventes de distintas polaridades. La actividad
anti-inflamatoria in vitro fue ensayada por la inhibición de TNF-a, IL-6 y NO por Elisa y reacción de Griess respectivamente, sobre
macrófagos RAW 264.7 estimulados con lipopolisacárido (LPS). Para los ensayos in vivo, ratones Balb/c fueron inyectados i.p. con
las diferentes fracciones, después de 1h se inocularon con LPS. Transcurrida 1 h, los animales fueron sangrados para determinar
los distintos mediadores en suero.
Resultados y conclusiones: La fracción de acetato de etilo de B. crassifolia inhibió la producción de NO in vitro, la fracción
metanólica de V. cayennensis inhibió la producción de TNF-a in vitro e in vivo. No se observó efecto sobre la producción de IL-6.
Continuamos con el fraccionamiento a fin de identificar el o los compuestos responsables del efecto anti-inflamatorio observado.
Palabras clave: Inflamación, Byrsonima crassifolia, Vismia cayennensis.
Agradecimientos: Proyecto "Alma Mater" (OPSU) y Misión Ciencia, MPPCYT, Venezuela.
Referencias: 1. Calixto, J.B. et al. Planta Med. 2004, 70:93-103. 2. Maldini, M. et al. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2009, 122:430-433. 3. Nagem,T.J.
et.al. Fitoterapia 1993 64 (4):382-383.
ISE3-P50 Analgesic effect of propolis extract from Zacatecas Mexico: a semi-arid region
M. Galván-Valencia, B.L. García-Macías, G.P. Hernández-Delgadillo, S. Durán-Torres
Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Km 6 Carretera Zacatecas-Guadalajara, Ejido La Escondida, 98160, Zacatecas, México.
So long ago propolis, a bee product, has been used by its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. However, due to its great
variety of chemical composition, it is necessary to study the variation of pharmacological properties according to its geographic
provenance1. The objective of this work was to evaluate the analgesic activity of a Mexican native propolis and correlating this
to its chemical composition. The propolis sample was collected in Zacatecas (north of Mexico), and the aqueous extract (AE) was
prepared at room temperature for 48 h. In order to investigate the analgesic effect, Balb C male mice were used (20-30 g). The
mice were treated with AE (1.5 to 200 mg kg-1 body weight) by intraperitoneal route (i.p.) 15 min before injection i.p. of 0.6 % acetic
acid saline solution. Afterwards, during 60 min the number of abdominal constrictions was cumulatively counted. AE analgesic
activity was antagonised with Naloxone (0.5 to 3 mg kg-1 i.p.)2. The results are presented as the mean ± S.E.M. and the difference
between the experimental groups was evaluated using analysis of variance followed by a Tukey multiple comparison test. The AE
inhibited acetic acid-induced abdominal contortions with an ID50=66 ± 6.7 mg kg-1. The time lag was extended from 5 to 15 and 30
min corresponding to 100 and 200 mg kg-1 doses and the greatest inhibition (95.8 ± 0.63%) was observed at the dose of 200 mg
kg-1. Naloxone blocked the AE analgesic effect , it could means that the endogenous opioid system is involved. The TLC qualitative
analysis of EA revealed a high flavonoids and alkaloids content, and the GC-MS study indicated the presence of a morphine derivative. The Zacatecas AE propolis had analgesic activity in a chemically-induced abdominal constriction assay model. This activity
could be related to the high amount of flavonoids and alkaloids founded.
Keywords: propolis, analgesic effect, aqueous extract.
Acknowledgments: This study was supported by a grant from PIFI 2008-2009 del PRODES de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, México
References: 1. Vassya B. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005, 100: 114-117. 2. Niraldo, P. et al. J Pharmacol Sci. 2003, 93:307-313.
142
ISE3-P51 Plantas usadas na Etnoveterinária para o tratamento de doenças parasitárias no município de
Pocinhos, Paraíba, Brasil.
M.V.A. Confessor a, L.E.T. Mendonça b, J.S. Mourão b, R.R.N Alves b
a
Universidade de Coimbra, Colégio de S. Jerônimo, Apartado 3026, 3001-401, Coimbra, Portugal. b Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Cidade
Universitária, 58059-900, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil.
Enquadramento: A utilização da biodiversidade pelo homem se confunde com sua própria existência. Associado a domesticação
de animais, foram desenvolvidas práticas para tratar doenças que acometiam os mesmos. O conhecimento tradicional, as habilidades, os métodos e as práticas de tratamento das doenças de animais constituem o campo de estudo da Etnoveterinária.
Objectivos: O presente estudo objetivou analisar o uso da flora para tratamento de doenças parasitárias em animais de áreas
rurais do Município de Pocinhos, Paraíba, Brasil.
Métodos: As informações foram obtidas entre os meses de agosto de 2007 e julho de 2008 através de formulários semi-estruturados complementados por entrevistas livres e conversas informais. Foram entrevistados 47 especialistas locais.
Resultados e conclusões: Treze plantas são usadas no tratamento das parasitoses, dentre as quais: verminose, sarna, bicheira,
bicheira no olho, ameba, piolho, pragas, carrapato. Estas acometem os animais de criação em geral. As plantas medicinais com
maior valor de uso sao a erva babosa, Aloe vera L. (VU=0,94) e o alho, Allium sativum L. (VU=0.83). Considerando que produtos
oriundos de plantas e animais constituem a base do arsenal terapêutico utilizado em práticas etnoveterinárias, evidencia-se a
íntima relação existente entre medicina Etnoveterinária e conservação da biodiversidade, sendo, portanto, imperativo a inclusão
de estudos sobre o tema relacionados à conservação.
Palavras-chave: Plantas medicinais, Brasil, Veterinária Tradicional.
Agradecimentos: Ao PIBIC/UEPB/CNPq e João Evangelista (Zominho)
Referências: 1. Confessor, M.V.A, et al. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 2009. Animals to heal animals: Ethnoveterinary
practices in semi-arid region, Northeastern Brazil. 5: 37.
ISE3-P52 The protective effects of propolis ethanol extract on aspirin-induced hepatic inflammation and
necrosis in rat
H.A. González-Ponce a, M. Galván-Valencia a, S.R. Bullón-Alcalá b, S.M. Durán-Torres a
a
Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Km 6 Carretera Zacatecas-Guadalajara, Ejido La Escondida, 98160, Zacatecas, México. b Hospital
General de Zona No. 1, Blvd. José Mª Chávez, Col. Lindavista, 20270, Aguascalientes, México. [email protected]
Background: The incidence of serious hepatic side effects as a consequence of aspirin use (or abuse) is increasing due to the
growing number of patients taking it. Aspirin-hepatic injury is quite variable, ranging from mild cholestasis to severe hepatocellular injury that involve metabolic inhibition, oxygen radical toxicity, immunologically mediated damage, or some other mechanism
results in predominant aminotransferase elevation1.
Objectives: The present study was made to validate the hepato-protective activity of ethanol extract of propolis (PE) against
aspirin-induced acute hepatotoxicity.
Methods: The propolis was collected from bee-hives located in Zacatecas, México and a PE was obtained. Male Wistar rats
(150-200g) were divided in-groups of five and PE at doses of 20 mg kg-1 p.o. was administrated for some of them during 4 weeks,
then, acute hepatotoxicity was induced by a high oral dose (170 mg/kg) of aspirin. Eighteen hours after aspirin administration,
blood was obtained from all animals for determination of glucose, cholesterol, ALT and AST levels in serum, the animals were
killed by decapitation and the livers were immediately removed for the determination of GSH concentration and to study the
histopathological changes.
Results and conclusions: Aspirin increased ALT, AST, glucose and cholesterol levels (pa significant protection against aspirininduced alterations (pation revealed hepatic inflammation, necrosis, degeneration and depletion of hepatic glycogen in aspirin
treated rats and confirm the hepato-protection of PE. Our results provide evidence that propolis inhibits significantly acute liver
toxicity induced by a high dose of aspirin in rat.
Keywords: propolis, hepatoprotective activity, aspirin.
143
ISE3-P53 Effect of Cydonia oblonga on experimental thrombosis in rats
A. Umar a, c, U. Lanbayer b, W. Zhou a, S. Tian a, I. Tohti a, M. Happar a, G. Toulax a, B. Berka a, c, N. Moore a, c
a
Faculty of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, 830011, Urumqi, China. b Xinjiang Bazhou Sanitary School, 841000, Kuerle, China
c
Department of Pharmacology, University of Bordeaux, 33076, Bordeaux, France. [email protected]
Background: The decoction of Cydonia oblonga Mill. leaves is used in traditional Uyghur medicine for heart disorders and also for
its antidiarrheic, antitussive and sedative properties. Quince leave decoction is also found in Portuguese and Turkish folk medicine
(1, 2)
.
Objectives: To investigate the effects of C. oblonga leave extracts as an antithrombotic agent.
Methods: Two models of experimental thrombosis: common carotid artery thrombosis (FeCl3-induced injury of the carotid artery),
and inferior vena cava thrombosis, were used to evaluate the arterial and venous effects of C. oblonga leave extracts (CO) in rats.
Different doses (80, 40, 20 mg/kg) of CO water and ethanol extract were compared to aspirin (5 mg/kg. The plasmatic levels of
thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and 6-keto-prostaglandine F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1α) were measured.
Results and conclusions: The occlusion times (OT) were prolonged and the thrombus formation times were reduced in all COtreated groups (p<0.01). The OT was increased and the thrombus formation reduced in high-dose CO-treated group compared with
the aspirin-treated group (p<0.05). The TXB2 levels were decreased in all CO-treated groups and aspirin-treated group, and the
levels of 6-keto-PGF1a were increased compared with the model group (p<0.05). The anti-thrombotic effects observed, added to
the protection against oxidative damage described in vitro by Costa, warrant further exploration of the cardiovascular effect of
quince extracts.
Keywords: Cydonia oblonga Miller, Rosaceae, quince leaves, thrombosis, 6-keto-PGF1α, TXB2.
References: 1. Oliveira, A.P. et al. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2007, 55:7926 2. Alsan, M. et al. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2010, 128:384. 3. Costa, R.M.
et al. Food Chem. Tox. 2009, 47: 860.
ISE3-P54 Antidiabetic activity from the infusions of the leaves of Hintonia latiflora
S. Cristians a, R. Mata a, R. Bye b
a
Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Av. Universidad 3000, C.P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico. b Instituto de Biología, UNAM, Av. Universidad 3000, C.P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
Background: Our research group has previously demonstrated that the organic extract of the leaves of Hintonia latiflora (Rubiaceae) exhibited antidiabetic activity (1), being a suitable substitute for the use of the stem bark, which in turn would promote the
conservation of this important medicinal plant.
Objectives: Considering that infusions are highly valued in folk medicine, this work was undertaken in order to establish the
antidiabetic potential of an aqueous extract of the leaves of H. latiflora.
Methods: The antidiabetic potential of the leaf aqueous extract (100, 300 and 500 mg/kg) was evaluated in acute (hypoglycemic
effect), sucrose and glucose oral tolerance tests (OSTT and OGTT respectively; antihyperglycemic effect) using normoglycemic and
diabetic (NAD 50 mg/kg, i.p.; streptozocin 100 mg/kg, i.p.) male ICR mice (20-25 g) (1).
The acute toxicity of the aqueous extract form the leaves of H. latiflora were determined using the Lorke method in male ICR mice
(20-25 g) (2).
Results and conclusions: The aqueous leaves extract of H. latiflora demonstrates a significant hypoglycemic effect in diabetic
mice (-37.94 ± 7.79; percent of blood glucose variation). The postprandial peak is inhibited in both OSTT (23.83 ± 4.41 ´ 48.83 ±
5.82 control percent of blood glucose variation) and OGTT (19.07 ± 7.32 ´ 50.93 ± 2.26 control percent of blood glucose variation; p
< 0.05 significantly different ANOVA followed by Dunnet’s t test in all the cases).
The acute toxicity indicates that the aqueous leaves extract is less toxic than the organic leaves extract (LD50= > 5000 mg/kg vs
1668 mg/kg).
Keywords: Hintonia latiflora, antidiabetic activity
Acknowledgments: DGAPA-UNAM (IN218110-3), Posgrado de Ciencias Biológicas, UNAM.
References: 1. Cristians, S. et al. J. Nat. Prod. 2009, 72: 408-413. 2. Lorke, D. Arch. Toxicol. 1983, 54: 275–287.
144
ISE3-P55 Antimicrobial activity and Chemical composition of the essential oil of Hofmeisteria schaffneri
A. Pérez-Vásquez a, S. Capella a, E. Linares b, R. Bye b, G. Angeles-López a, R. Mata a
a
Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF 04510, México. b Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional
Autónoma de México, México DF 04510, México.
Background: H. schaffneri (Asteraceae), a Mexican medicinal plant, is used for a variety purposes, including skin infections.
Objectives: This work was undertaken to establish the antimicrobial potential of H. schaffneri.
Methods: The essential oils of H. schaffneri harvested at six different seasons during a year were prepared by standard procedures and analyzed by GC. The in vitro antibacterial activity of the preparations against Gram+ and Gram− bacteria was evaluated
by determining MIC using the broth dilution method in 96 microplate wells.
Results and conclusions: Forty four compounds representing ~90 % of the total constituents were identified. A series of thymol
analogs were the major components of the oils. The infusion and oils were very active against Gram+ bacteria with an MIC value
for the infusion of 64 µg/mL against S. aureus, while the oils exhibited MIC values in the range of 48 to 768 µg/mL. (Batches III
and VI, with an MIC= 96 and 48 µg/mL, respectively were the most actives. The composition and antimicrobial activity of the oils
changed slightly over the year. The results of the present investigation provide an in vitro scientific support for the use of the plant
against skin infections in Mexican folk medicine.
Keywords: Hofmeisteria schaffneri; essential oil; antimicrobial activity; GC-FID; GC-MS.
Acknowledgments: DGAPA UNAM (IN218110) and CONACyT (99395)
References: 1. Pérez-Vásquez A. et al. Phytochemistry 2009, 69: 1339-1347.
ISE3-P56 Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of Sambucus nigra extract on TNBS-induced colitis
model
E.A.R. Socca, A. Luiz-Ferreira, F.M. de-Faria, A.C.A. Almeida, R.J. Dunder, C. Takayama, M.S. da-Silva, A.R.M. Souza-Brito
Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil.
The inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic gastrointestinal disorders that comprise two major conditions: Crohn’s disease
(CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Although the pathogenesis of IBD remains unclear, a intestinal hyper-permeability seems to play
a critical role in the etiology of the inflammation, by recruiting cells of the immune system. In this context phenolic compounds
such as the anthocyanidins are pharmacologically important because of their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. So,
we evaluate the effects of Sambucus nigra extract over the production of anti-inflammatory interleukin 10 (IL-10) on the colon of
rats submitted to the inflammation model of trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid induced colitis. Male unib:WH rats (200-250 g) were
separated into four groups (n=8) according the model of acute TNBS-induce colitis (gastroenterology, 96: 795, 1989), with the
follow experimental groups: Saline, TNBS and S. nigra (5 and 10 mg.Kg-1). 24h after TNBS induction, the rats were sacrificed and
the biochemical parameters (IL-10) were evaluated according R&D systems interleukin kit. The results were expressed as mean ±
standard error (pg/mL) and submitted to analyses of one-way variance (ANOVA) and a posteriori Dunnett’s test with significance
level of p<0,05.The production of IL-10 seems to be depleted on the TNBS group when compared with the Salina group (288,1±
31,8 vs. 492,4± 54,6). The 5mg.Kg-1 dose avoids the depletion of the citokin (466,7± 19,9), such as the 10 mg.Kg-1 dose (404,5± 40,5).
The results indicate that phenolic compounds of S. nigra participate in the modulation of IL-10, providing protection to de colon
mucosal against pro-inflammatory agents.
Key words: Inflammatory bowel diseases, TNBS-induced colitis, Sambucus nigra and IL-10.
145
ISE3-P57 Traditional Cree medicines modulate steatosis and antioxidant activity, but not insulin sensitivity
in fat-laden H4IIE liver cells
A. Afshar a, P.L. Owen b, L. Martineau a, T. Johns b, J.T. Arnason b, P.S. Haddad a
CIHR Team in Aboriginal Antidiabetic Medicines and a Dept of Pharmacology, Faculty of medicine, University of Montreal, P.O. Box 6128,
Downtown Sta., H3C 3J7, Montreal. QC, Canada; b School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, 21,11
Background: The Canadian Institute of Health Research Team in Aboriginal Antidiabetic Medicines is evaluating the potential
of traditional Cree medicinal plants to develop culturally acceptable strategies to reduce the burden of type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Non-alcoholic fatty liver can cause or exacerbate insulin resistance. Reducing fat accumulation in the liver and preventing rises in
oxidative stress and insulin resistance can improve T2D and alleviate some complications.
Objectives: Eight antidiabetic plants used by the Cree are evaluated for their efficacy to reduce fat deposition, restore insulin
sensitivity, and enhance antioxidant activity in fat-laden liver cells.
Methods: Normal and fatty H4IIE hepatocytes were incubated with maximal nontoxic concentrations of plant crude ethanol
extracts for 16 hours. Intracellular triglyceride levels were assessed using AdipoRed. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)
was determined with dichlorofluorescein diacetate. Stimulation of the insulin pathway was determined by measuring Akt phosphorylation using an ELISA kit. Appropriate positive and negative controls were also tested.
Results and conclusions: More than 60% of tested extracts significantly reduced intracellular triglyceride deposition compared
to nontreated cells. Most (87%) prevented an increase in ROS production in fat-laden cells. However, no effect on Akt phosphorylation was observed. Our model suggests that Cree herbal medicines may be effective in reducing the oxidative stress associated
with diabetic steatosis without having an effect on insulin sensitivity.
Keywords: Type 2 diabetes, Canadian Aboriginals, Steatosis, Insulin resistance, Antioxidants.
ISE3-P58 In vitro biological activities of plant extracts from several genera used in Puerto Rico as adjuvants
for diabetes
C. Cordero-Goad a, W. Figueroa-Cuilan a, J. Gavillán-Suárez a,b, C. Luciano-Montalvo a, M. Martínez Montemayor c, L. Otero a, M.C. Quiñones b,
M. Ramírez-Vicéns b, J.E. Roque b, L. Santiago-Capeles b, Y. Rivera a
a
Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Puerto Rico at Cayey, #205 Antonio R. Barceló Ave. 00736, Cayey, Puerto Rico,
b
Department of Chemistry, UPR-Cayey, c Universidad Central de Bayamón, PO Box 60327. 00960-6032, Bayamón, Puerto Rico; jannette.
[email protected]
Background: According to the US Center for Disease Control and prevention in 2005, Hispanic adults had diabetes prevalence
rates 1.7 times that of non-Hispanic whites. Among Hispanics, Puerto Ricans (12.6%) are the population, with the highest prevalence of diabetes.
Objectives: The current study was designed to identify the medicinal plants used in Puerto Rico as adjuvants for diabetes, and to
investigate their safety and in vitro biological activities associated with diabetic complications.
Methods: An ethnopharmacological survey covering municipalities in the southeast region of Puerto Rico was conducted. Aqueous decoctions and methanolic extracts of medicinal plants reported during the interviews were evaluated using in vitro models
such as inhibition of aldose reductase (IAR), free radical scavenging capacity (ABTS·+ and HO·) and HepG2 cells viability. Total
phenolic content (TPC) of the extracts was determined according to Folin-Ciocalteu.
Results and conclusions: Tapeinochilus anassae and Costus speciosus (known as insulina by the surveyed population), Tradescantia spathacea (sanguinaria) and Syzygium jambos (pomarrosa del río) methanolic extracts showed higher activities and TPC
than aqueous decoctions. Overall, S. jambos and T. anassae methanolic extracts showed important biological activities and TPC:
IAR (IC50 =2.44± 0.83 and 47.6± 10.93 µg/mL), ABTS·+ (IC50 =4.14± 0.01 and 17.40± 0.01 µg/mL), HO· (IC50 =58.88± 0.26 and 45.71±
2.06 µg/mL) and TPC (24.05 and 16.13 mg Q/mg extract), respectively. HepG2 cells exposed to aqueous and methanolic extracts
showed no viability decrease at 250 µg/mL after 24h. The in vitro bioassays panel tested for diabetes allowed screening of (medicinal) plants used as diabetes adjuvants as radical scavengers and AR inhibitors.
Keywords: diabetes adjuvants, traditional medicine in Puerto Rico, ethnopharmacological survey, herbal medicine, Tapeinochilus anassae,
Syzygium jambos, Costus speciosus, Tradescantia spathaceae.
146
ISE3-P59 Antihyperglycemic activity of Allium elburzense Wendelbo bulbs on normal and streptozotocininduced diabetic rats
B. Zolfaghari a, c, M. Minaeian b, c, Y. Shokoohinia a, c , P. Ramezanloo c, A. Sadeghi c, M. Mahmudzadeh c
Department of Pharmacognosy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jerib Avenue 73461 Isfahan, Iran; b Department of of
Pharmacology & Toxicologyy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jerib Avenue 73461 Isfahan, Iran; c Isfahan Pharmaceutical
Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jerib Avenue, 73461 Isfahan.
a
Background: Diabetes mellitus is the commonest endocrine disorder that expected to affect more than 285 million people worldwide in 2010. There are a lot researches have been focused to find new medication to control of diabetes. Allium elburzense
Wendelbo is an endemic plant to Elburz mountain area, northern Iran. It is commonly used as an antidiabetic, antirheumatic,
aphrodiasic, antiduretic, and anthelminthic in Iranian Traditional Medicine. In this study we aimed to evaluate anti-hyperglycemic
activity of Allium elburzense Wendelbo bulbs on normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
Methods: We evaluated effects of acute (1, 2, 3, 4, 8 h) and sub acute (11 days) oral and intraperitoneal administration of hydroalcoholic extract and Saponin Rich Fraction (SRF) of Allium elburzense bulbs in different doses on blood glucose levels of normal and
streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The effects were compared with those of glibenclamide.
Results and conclusions: Sub-acute treatment of hydroalcoholic extract for 11 days reduced blood glucose level significantly in
diabetic rats (P <0.001 & 0.05 in different doses), while saponin rich fraction was effective only in ip mode (P<0.001). The maximal
anti-diabetic effect was obtained with the dose of 600 mg/kg for hydroalcoholic extract (p<0.001). Acute administration could not
reduce blood glucose in the diabetic rats.
It could be concluded that hydroalcoholic extract of Allium elburzense exhibited a significant antihyperglycemic activity. These
results provide a rationale for the use of A. elburzensis to prevent and treat diabetes mellitus considering its being endemic to Iran,
and locating of country in high diabetes prevalence zone.
ISE3-P60Resin of Pinaceae: natural synthon pharmacological action on the central nervous system
L. Carballo a, Y. Arteagar a, J. Tacoronte b, Y. Betancourt a
Universidad de Pinar del Río, Calle Martí, 270 Final. Pinar del Río. Cuba. Código Postal: 20100. b Centro de Ingeniería e Investigaciones
Químicas, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba
a
Oleoresin Pinaceae species is considered since ancient times as a disinfectant substance. In Latin America, indigenous peoples, in
the antiseptic used in trepanning of skulls and caesarean section. The oleorresin of two species of Cuban pines: Pinus caribaea var.
caribaea and Pinus tropicalis Morelet, coming from the area of Viñales in the province of Pinar del Río, distilled by hydrothermal,
surrenders rosin and turpentine oil. The rosin obtained made up of resin acids, series abietane-pimarane, is characterized by means
of the spectroscopic methods of FT-IR, RMN -1H and RMN-13C and they constitute an excellent substrate for potential modifications
like the obtaining of salts. Salt derivatives are obtained from pure resin acids by the exchange of hydrogenate-carbonates, under
conditions equimolars. The salt of sodium of the resin acids is used in different experimental biomodels to determine its effect on
the Central Nervous System. The results suggest activity like depressive agents and/or sedative for the treatment of illnesses with
excessive activation of the system glutamatergyc and for the treatment of illnesses with activation of the catecholamine and indolamins system. They can also be used in a structural quality with precursors" of similar bioisosterics with specific action therapeutic of the neuroprotective and neurogenerate type in the treatment of pathologies isquemics for permanent occlusion of carotids.
Keywords: Rosin, central nervous system, pharmacological action.
Acknowledgments: We thank the Center Invstigación coolaboración and Drug Development, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba.
147
ISE3-P61 Ethnobotany and phytochemistry in a national park of Cuba
L. Carballo a, Y. Rodríguez a, Y. Arteaga a, M.L. Cadme b
University of Pinar del Río, Martí street, 270. Pinar del Río. Cuba. PC: 20100. b University of Quevedo, Ecuador.
a
Viñales National Park is one of the most important parks in Cuba for its high endemism of the flora, contains 83 endemic species,
which are credited with medicinal properties. The ethnobotanical study was carried out with knowledge of the residents of the
communities, El Moncada, Ancon (Valle), Republica de Chile and Los Acuáticos, through a participatory survey, based on a methodology designed to guide forest species of medicinal plants, The phytochemical study was carried out in the ether extracts,
ethanol and aqueous from the foliage, at room temperature for 48 h. Using the methodology developed by Nogueira and Spengler.
The results showed the loss of traditional knowledge and ethnomedicinal relationship with the communities studied, except
Los Acuáticos. It was identified 72 tree species used for medicinal purposes, belonging to 45 botanical families, and the most
representative: Rubiaceae, Meliaceae and Boraginaceae, which are collected by the member of the community. The secondary
metabolites evaluation of eight species was made. The results showed that there is a relationship between specific metabolites
and published for these species in the tropics. We present new data to knowledge to the endemic species. The results suggest the
need to establish conservation plans for these species.
Keyword: Ethnobotany, phytochemistry, National Park of Viñales.
ISE3-P62 Control of tropical diseases transmitted by mollusks from cuban pinaceae resins
Y. Arteaga a, L. Carballo a, J. Tacoronte b,Y. Betancourt a
University of Pinar del Río, Martí street, 270. Pinar del Río. Cuba. PC: 20100. b Research Center of Tropical Illnesses, Havana, Cuba.
a
Cuban pinaceae resins have been used since ancient times as disinfecting agents. Consider these knowledge and scientific methods of analysis for the control of tropical diseases is important for the cuban pharmacology. Schistosomiasis, tropical disease
transmitted by molluscs, ranks second in parasitic diseases after malaria. In Cuba there is a risk of contracting the disease, because in our fauna are species that can act as intermediate hosts of trematode that causes the disease. The objective was to evaluate the rosin powder on larvae of Biomphalaria havanensis for vector control spread of schistosomiasis, according to the methodology developed by the World Health Organization and described by Mott for the assessment of plants with molluskicidical action.
The results showed molluscicide action of rosin on Biomphalaria havanensis larvae, lethal dose (LD50 and LD90) are 44, 33 mg/L and 141,
76 mg/L, respectively. The corresponding regression equation was: Y = - 0, 41 + 1, 08 ln X with a correlation coefficient R = 0, 99 and
standard error 0,13. Doses reveal the effectiveness of the components present in the rosin, results comparable to other publications of
extracts from plant species.
Keywords: rosin, lethal dose, Biomphalaria havanensis.
148
ISE3-P63 Assessment of ghee mixture and Prosopis farcta powder efficacy in dermal wound healing process
N. Mahdavi Shahri, J. Khayatzadeh, M. Nakhaee Moghadam, Z. Shahi
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University of Mashhad, Mashhad. Iran
The study of pharmacological effect of pharmaceutical plants and natural components in laboratorial animals is the most important
part of ethnopharmacological studies around the world. Ethnopharmacology is a kind of scince that studies local tribal pharmacology. Specific therapeutic characteristics of each pharmaceutical plant which are practical in conventional and common medicine,are
tested and their results are evaluated. Hence, the fruit of Prosopis farcta selected in order to evaluate pharmacological effects
(healing skin wounds). Because of conventioned use of Prosopis farcta as a therapeutic drug in skin wounds and according to the
point that the therapeutic effects of this plant are not investigated in pharmacological studies, this study has been conducted to
make pharmacological evidence for the aforementioned effects.
9 heads of male rats (with Sprague strain) wer selected and 8 circular holes with the diameter of 4mm were made at two sides
of vertical column. Rats were classified randomly into three groups of control, care for ghee and care for pomade. The ghee group
and the pomade group were treated with ghee and pomade respectively, twice aday and control one was treated with normal salin
until the wounds were closed. Wounds were clinically and microscopically investigated right after punching was done on certain
days (namely, day 2, 4, 8, 10, 15).
According to statistical inspection, microscopic results indicated that the holes treated with ghee and pomade,had faster process
of healing in comparison with control group,moreover, microscopic studies indicated a significant increase in epithelium thickness,
angiogenesis, the percentage of inflammatory cells and the percentage of fibroblastic proliferation in samples of pomade group
in comparison with ghee group and ghee group in comparison with control group. It is plausible the positive effect of ghee and/or
pomade effect on wound repair can be associated with their component. Ghee containes vitamin A and unsaturated fatty acids.
According to recent studies, it has been proven that vitamin A and also unsaturated fatty acids intensify the process of recovery.
Due to the fact that Prosopis farcta is full of phelavnoides, tannins, polyphenoles, and alkaloids which cause anti inflammatory, anti
bacteria and anti oxidant in this plant, it seams that above mentioned plant has a positive effect on wound repair.In spit of this, in
order to assess the precise mechanisems and more appropriate usage of this plant in pharmacology,isolation and purification of
components of this plant and assessment of the practical dose for wound repair is needed.
Key words: ghee, Prosopis farcta,skin wound healing, rat.
ISE3-P64 Immune regulation effects of Abnormal Savda Munziq granules on mice
Abdiryim Yusup a, Guzalnur Imam a, Nurjan Rozi a, Anwar Aikemu b, Benedicte Berke c, Nicholas Moore c, Halmurat Upur a
Faculty of Traditional Uighur Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, 830011, Urumqi, China. b Faculty of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, 830011, Urumqi, China. c Department of Pharmacognosy, University Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, 33076 Borde
a
Background: Abnormal Savda Munziq (ASMq), a traditional Uighur medicine, which is commonly used for the treatment and
prevention of cancer, has been shown to have immunomodulatory effects on stressed mice.
Objectives: To investigate the effects of ASMq granules on cyclophosphamide- induced suppression of the immune system of
mice (nonspecific immunity, humoral immunity, cell immunity function).
Methods: Mice were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=14): Group 1 was served as normal control, administered with normal saline.
Mice in groups 2-6 were given four times of intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (75mg/kg, o.d) at 3rd, 5th, 7th and 9th day
of the study, to obtain immune suppression. Group 2 was served as negative control, administered with normal saline. Group 3 was
served as positive control, administered with Liu-wei-di-huang pills (one kind of Chinese medicine) at 28.8g/kg body weight. Groups 4,
5 and 6 were served as ASMq high-dose, ASMq medium-dose and ASMq low-dose group, administered with ASMq at 8, 4 and 2g/kg
body weight, respectively. All the groups were orally administered for 14 days, once a day. Mice were sacrificed at 14th day and the
mononuclear phagocyte englobement function, quantity of T-cell subpopulation in peripheral blood, Natural Killer (NK) cyto-activity,
interleukin-1 and interleukin-2 activities, TNF-a± activity, serum hemolysin and delayed allergy are studied.
Results and conclusions: The mononuclear phagocyte englobement function, quantity of T-cell subpopulation in peripheral
blood, serum hemolysin, delayed allergy, and the IgM and IgG values are remarkably increased (p<0.05). The ASMq medium-dose
and high-dose groups do increase the NK cytoactivity and TNF-α activity (p<0.05). There is a tendency to increase the activities
of IL-1 in ASMq low-dose group and of IL-2 in ASMq medium-dose group (p<0.05). Abnormal Savda Munziq granules improve the
immunological function.
Keywords: Abnormal Savda Munziq, herbal formulation, cyclophosphamide- induced immune suppression, immune function.
Acknowledgments: This study was supported by Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of China (NCET) and Science and
Technology Department of Xinjiang, China (No. 200733146-4).
References: 1. Amat, N. et al. J. Ethnopharmacol, 2009, 122: 42.
149
ISE3-P65 Quality control of Verbascum thapsus L. product in the market
M.T. Barquero a, b, J. Güemes c, I. Martínez-Solís a, b, c, P. Soriano Guarinos b, c
Departamento de Fisiología, Farmacología y Toxicología. Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales y de la Salud. Universidad CEU-Cardenal
Herrera. b SNCP-IDIT-IDYCA. c Jardín Botánico de Valencia. Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva. Universidad de
Valencia.
a
Background: Verbascum thapsus L. is included in the list of special registration of medicinal plants preparations (Ministerial
Decree, 03/10/1973). This plant is little known in health food stores, in most cases its name is known but ignored its properties.
The drug is the flower, so it is difficult to harvest and produce frequent adulteration by foreign parties.
Objectives: 1. Obtaining of the diagnostic characters macromorphological, micromorphological of de drugs. 2. Application of the
diagnostic characters to quality control of drugs preparations.
Methods: 1. Morphological and histological study of the drug of the plant collected and herbarium sheets. 2. Application of the
diagnostic characters to quality control of commercial products samples (10 samples).
Results and conclusions: Diagnostic characters of the drug (flower and stamen). Morphologically, the flower is characterized
by the yellow petals that are fused at the base, 12-35 mm in diameter and 5 stamens with downy filaments and soldered to the
corolla. Anatomically, the petals and the stamens are mainly characterized by the presence of dendritic, uniseriate and glandular
trichomes, scarce. Identification Analysis of commercial samples We found a high frequency of adulteration in marketed products
by other organisms and other parts of the same plant principally by leaves (50-100% weight of the sample). And some have a clear
deterioration. Only one sample has 3% of Verbascum thapsus flowers.
ISE3-P66 Essential oils of Salvia blancoana ssp. mariolensis and S. microphylla: two taxa from the north of
Alicante (Spain) used in traditional herbal liquors
V. Martínez-Francés a, R. Vila b, S. Ríos a, J. Juan a, S. Cañigueral b
a
Biological Research Station Torretes-Font Roja, I.U. CIBIO, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain. b Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
Background: The Mediterranean and Irano-Turanic region has ca. 40 species of the genus Salvia (1). In the Valencian Community
we found 15 wild and cultivated taxa, 10 of which have a recognised popular use. Traditionally, Salvia species are famous in
folk medicine for their sedative, carminative, hypotensive, emmenagogue and antiseptic properties, being popularly used in the
treatment of respiratory ailments, dysentery and as antidote for snake bites. They are also appreciated in cultural uses such as a
component of vegetal carpets in religious traditions.
Objective: Determination of the composition of the essential oil of two of the most popular sages used in the north of Alicante
province: Salvia blancoana ssp. mariolensis and Salvia microphylla, included in common hydroalcoholic macerations called "Salvieta" and "Herbero". Special attention is given to the presence of thujones that could be responsible of toxicity of herbal liquors.
Methods: Air-dried plant material was hydrodistilled and analysis of both oils were carried out by GC-FID and GC-MS using fused
silica capillary columns of different stationary phases.
Results and conclusions: Main constituents in both taxa were 1,8-cineole, camphor, b-pinene and camphene, which are also the
major components previously described in the oils from S. officinalis and S. lavandulifolia. In contrast, a- and b-thujone, present
in S. officinalis, have not been detected in S. blancoana ssp. mariolensis and S. microphylla. These results suggest the security of
these less studied taxa, especially the former for its endemicity.
Keywords: Salvia blancoana ssp. mariolensis, Salvia microphylla, essential oil, Valencian Community.
Acknowledgments: This work was supported by a grant from the Institut d’Estudis Catalans, Spain.
References: 1. Reales, A. et al. Bot. J. Linn. Soc., 2004, 145: 353-371.
150
ISE3-P67 Epicatechin stimulates gastric mucus production and protects the stomach against ethanol and
indomethacin.
A. Tanimoto a, A.L. Rozza a, B.B. Gregorio a, T.M. Moraes b, H. Kushima b, C.A. Hiruma-Lima b, C.H. Pellizzon a
a
Dpto. de Morfologia, IBB-UNESP s/n, 18618-970, Botucatu, Brazil. b Dpto. de Fisiologia, IBB-UNESP s/n, 18618-970, Botucatu, Brazil.
Background: Epicatechin (EC) is an antioxidant substance present in many medicinal plant species used in the treatment of
gastrointestinal disorders.
Objective: to investigate EC capacity in preventing gastric ulcers caused by absolute ethanol and indometacin and evaluated the
main protective factors stimulated by EC.
Methods: Gastric ulcer was induced by administration of absolute ethanol or indomethacin (100 mg/kg) (p.o.) 1h after the treatments administration (p.o): vehicle, carbenoxolone (100 mg/kg) or EC in doses of 25, 50 and 75 mg/kg. Ulcer area was measured
and microscopic analyses (score) were made after ulcer induction. Glutation levels and gastric mucus were quantified by ELISA.
Results and conclusions: All doses of epicatechin protected the stomach against ethanol, presenting significantly lower macroscopic area and microscopic score comparing to control. E25 and E50 presented gastroprotect effect against indomethacin,
also presenting significantly lower macrospic ulcer area and microscopic score comparing to control. Epicatechin also stimulates
significantly gastric mucus production and partially maintain glutation levels comparing to control.
Keywords: epicatechin, gastric ulcer, mucus, ethanol, indometacin.
Acknowledgments: FAPESP (08/53798-1 and 06/55542-9).
ISE3-P68 The biologically active substances of Barbarea vulgaris R. Br.
M. Marenich
Eurasian National University named L.N. Gumilev, Munaitpasov str.13, 010000 Astana, Kazakhstan.
Background: The search of new source of biologically active substances (BAS) in order to create highly-effective medicine is an
actual problem now.
Total (%)
Objectives: An object of analysis are leafs, flowers and stems of Barbarea vulgaris R.
Br., genus of Barbarea, family of Brassicaceae by Akmola region of Kazakhstan Republik.
BAS
Methods: By qualitative analysis on basis of specific reactions of BAS was determined
that all parts of the plant contain organic acids, carbohydrates, tannin; leafs and flowers contain flavonoids (1). The quantitative content of flavonoids (2), tanning agent (3),
and carbohydrates (4) was determined by spectrophotometric method. Determination of
content of free organic acids to conducted by method of titrimetry in recalculation to
apple’s acid (5).
Flavonoids
0,70
2,25
-
Tannin agents
2,03
2,06
0,08
Organic acids
2,59
3,16
0,58
Carbohydrates
3,60
1,01
0,36
Leafs
Flowers Stems
Results: In all parts of the plant there were identified leucine, proline, methionine and aspartic acid by the method of thinlayer
chromatography. In flowers there were identified rutinum and quercetin.
Conclusion: In result of analysis was determined qualitative and quantitative composition BAS of Barbarea vulgaris R. Br. In the
plant there were identified aminoacids, in flowers were found rutinum and quercetin.
Keywords: BAS, organic acids, carbohydrates, tannin, flavonoids, rutinum, quercetin.
Acknowledgements: Eurasian National University named L.N. Gumilev, doctor of chem., professor S.B.Rakhmadieva.
References: 1.Grinkevich N. Chem. Anal. Of med. Plants. 1983 1:87-118. 2. Khaled A. et al. Quantitative content of flavonoids. 2004
1:356-358. 3. Fedoseeva L. et al. Chem. of plant material 2005 3:45-50. 4. Zaprometov M. Biochem. of carbohydrates 2003 1:324-326. 5.
State Pharmacopaeia USSR 1990 11:296-297.
151
ISE3-P69 Ethnopharmacology of ethnic Kichwa and Shuar in the Ecuadorian Amazon
M. Alessandrini Díaz a, M. Lorena Cadme b, Y. Betancourt Figueras a, M. Torres Morocho c, P. Aragón c
Universidad de Pinar del Río, Cuba. b Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo, Ecuador. c Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Ecuador.
a
The Ecuadorian Amazon extends over some 116 000 km2. Eight indigenous peoples make up the ethno-cultural diversity of the East.
Among the Achuar, Cofan, Huaorani, Quichua, Shiwiar, Shuar, Siona and Zapara, the current indigenous population is around 100
000 inhabitants. Now recognized the importance of traditional medicine and the need to integrate systems to health officials, and
recommends the systematic training of human resources in traditional medicine (healers, midwives, shamans, and others), called
by the WHO - traditional practitioners to develop with them ways of integration. Medicinal plants rank first in the knowledge of the
various ethnic groups in the Ecuadorian Amazon. From ancestral knowledge and dialogue with the Quichua and Shuar communities
was possible to develop a community project to train community members in obtaining natural products for medicinal use from a
system of Good Product Development Practices Herbalists, allowing a higher added value to plant genetic resources in the region.
We obtained eleven new natural products for medicinal use, contributing to the development of an environmental culture aimed at
the conservation and cultivation of medicinal plants to avoid the consumption of natural remedies handmade, without the required
quality, which is counter to human health and the environment.
Keywords: Medicinal plants, Amazon, Natural Products.
Acknowledgements: Amazon State University, for providing the link with the communities in the Ecuadorian Amazon region.
ISE5-O01 German Renaissance herbals from a pharmacological perspective
M. Adams a, M. Kessler b, M. Klugea b, M. Hamburgers a
a
Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH 4056, Basel, Switzerland. b Swiss Pharmaceutical Museum, Totengsslein
3, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland. [email protected]
Background: In Renaissance Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries medical and botanical knowledge was collected in marvelously illustrated books called herbals (German: Kräuterbücher). For the most part these books have been neglected by modern
science as a source of inspiration for drug discovery.
Objectives: To search Renaissance herbals for remedies used for specific diseases and discuss their use from a pharmacological
viewpoint.
Methods: We searched eight original herbals in German including Bock (1577), Matthiolus (1590), Lonicerus (1560), Brunfels
(1532), Zwinger (1696), Tabernaemontanus (1591 & 1678), and Fuchs (1543) for remedies used specifically to treat rheumatism,
malaria and epilepsy, then we did a systematic search of modern phytochemical and pharmacological data relevant to their historic
uses.
Results and conclusions: We found 63, 267 and 220 plants, respectively, for the above indications. In the case of rheumatism
more than half (63) the plants have shown activity in some test system relevant to the historic use. For epilepsy we found studies
on 30 plants and for malaria only 19 plants. Results of a recent screen of Renaissance malaria remedies for antiplasmodial activity
and the isolation of active principles by HPLC based activity profiling will be shown. European herbals may be a valuable source
for the selection of plants for focussed screening programmes. Information contained in these herbals should be explored in a
systematic manner.
Keywords: Renaissance herbals, rheumatism, malaria, epilepsy.
152
ISE5-O02 Prevalence of Materia Medica in European medicine along the last third of nineteenth century: the
French case
J.L. Fresquet-Febrer, C.P. Aguirre-Marco
Instituto de Historia de la Medicina y de la Ciencia López Piñero (CSIC-Universidad de Valencia), Plaza de Cisneros, 4, 46003 Valencia,
España.
Background: During the second half of nineteenth century, pharmacotherapy underwent major changes with the development of
experimental pharmacology under Claude Bernard’s influence, especially in the French world. Until now, research has emphasized
just this last one, and payed not much attention to traditional medical remedies which continued in use, either empirically or rationally, as if they had suddenly disappeared of Therapeutics horizon. Only a few and isolated researches point to the prevalence of
Materia medica during this interesting period of European medicine.
Objectives: We present the analysis of two French journals crucial at that time: Bulletin Général de Thérapeutique Médicale,
Chirurgicale et Obstétricale (1831-1896) -first edited by Marcel Marie Miquel (1803-1848), continued by Henri-Ferdinand Dolbeau,
Apollinaire Bouchadart and Louis Felix J. Behier since 1874, and directed from 1893 onwards by George Dujardin Beaumetz– and
Adolphe Gubler’s Journal de Thérapeutique (1874-1883).
A sistematic indexation of both journals yields a total of 2381 original papers (2310 out of the first journal and 271 out of the second
one). Their analysis provides an overview of both the convulsions shaking drug therapy and disputes arising at the time. But also,
and moreover, can provide an accurate knowledge of the survival and validity of Materia Medica at this point of the development
of modern pharmacology, concerning especially herbal remedies. This last aspect focuses the objectives of our present research.
Methods: Historical method, including quantitative and qualitative social analysis as well as comparative textual analysis.
Results and conclusions: Results confirm the full validity of Materia medica in clinical practice, but also of research on Materia
medica itself, its uses, effects and therapeutic indications, co-existing with the emerging experimental pharmacology in a sometimes controversial, but in any case natural way, at both clinical practice and laboratory research.
Keywords: Materia medica, Therapeutics, European medicine, 19th century, France.
ISE5-O03 Western herbal practice in Australia and the US: medicinal plants, colonisation and the transfer of
knowledge
S. Evans
Southern Cross University, PO Box 157 Lismore NSW 2480, Australia
Background: Very few medicinal plants indigenous to Australia are found in the dispensaries of Australian practitioners of Western herbal medicine. In contrast, medicinal plants native to North America are not only widely used by herbalists in the US and
Canada, but they have been imported for use by herbalists in Australia over many years.
Objective: To investigate the factors which may have facilitated the transfer of knowledge about medicinal plants between Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples in Australia and the US.
Methods: Document analysis, archival research.
Results and conclusions: Factors include the nature of the relationship between indigenous and non-indigenous groups at the
time of settlement, the timing and nature of the respective colonial settlements, the pattern of settlement and the profile of the
settlers. Additional factors include the adaption of previous (European) medicinal plant knowledge and the utilisation of medicinal
plant information from earlier botanical explorers. Lastly the development of commercial applications of indigenous plants is suggested as a contributing factor with regard to the transfer of knowledge.
Keywords: history herbal medicine; transfer of knowledge, colonisation.
153
ISE5-O04 Cannabis spp. and Ethnopharmacology: historical and anthropological perspectives on plants,
consciousness and healing
A. Waldstein
School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, [email protected]
Background: Although there is a growing body of research on Cannabis spp. and its bioactive constituents in Ethnopharmacology,
most of this work involves minimal insight from historical and ethnographic documents regarding the therapeutic use of this plant.
Objectives: To discuss the potential contributions that the historical and anthropological study of cannabis, as a medicinal plant,
can make to Ethnopharmacology.
Methods: A review of recent historical work on the therapeutic use of cannabis in both the Old and New Worlds and of work that
involves narratives of the experience of using cannabis as medicine.
Results and conclusions: Historical descriptions of the therapeutic use of cannabis are found in a variety of sources ranging from
ancient Asian medical texts to 19th Century European and North American medical journals. Such descriptions are often based on
careful empirical observations and in some cases clinical trials, which provide a vast source of leads for pharmacological research.
However, although cannabis has long held the attention of physicians, it is also an important plant used in self-medication. Emic
accounts suggest that while many people first use cannabis for non-medical purposes, they eventually learn to perceive and manipulate therapeutic effects. Due to the effects of cannabis on consciousness, it often enables users to articulate subtle experiences
of illness and healing. Combining such phenomenological data with insights derived from historical documents offers ethnopharmacologists a unique opportunity to explore connections among plants, human consciousness and healing.
Keywords: Cannabis, history of medicine, phenomenology.
ISE5-O05 Five centuries in the Spanish Ethnobotany: from Laguna to Font Quer
R. Morales a, M. Pardo de Santayana b, J. Tardío c
Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid, CSIC. Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014, Madrid, Spain.
b
Dpto. de Biología (Botánica). Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Darwin 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
c
IMIDRA, Finca El Encín, Apdo. 127, 28800, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
a
Background: Throughout the history, plant studies have been interested in plant uses. Old agronomists and healers have been
the first botanists and have had an excellent plant knowledge. Since the 16th century, the increasing number of botanical works
greatly improved plant science.
Objectives: To give an historical view of the plant uses in Spain mentioned by six important botanical authors, five of them Spanish, of the last five centuries.
Results and conclusions: The first botanical and phytotherapeutical work written in Spanish was made by Andrés Laguna in
1555. His translation to Spanish of the Dioscorides" work included many of his own comments and original iconography. He wrote
about more than 400 different species. The aim of the author was to be precise in the identifications and descriptions of the
simples. Later, Charles de l’Écluse (Clusius), who travelled during 1564-1565 throughout the Iberian Peninsula, wrote in 1576 a
book where a lot of new Spanish species were described. He included medicinal uses of 15 species. Nicolás Monardes, a Sevillian physician, wrote a book in 1580 about his experiences with the recently arrived American medicinal plants such as cocoa or
tobacco. Bernardo Cienfuegos, a physician and botanist, wrote in the first half of the 17th century a treatise with more than 4000
hand-written pages in seven volumes. They contain about 1000 plant drawings and original data about medicinal plant uses. The
Spanish Flora of José Quer, published from 1762 to 1784, described the genera following the Tournefourt’s system and provided
many phytochemical data and their medicinal uses. Finally, Pío Font Quer, one of the most important botanists of the 20th century,
published his book about the most important medicinal plants of the Iberian flora in 1962. He wrote about 682 species including
historical information.
Keywords: Ethnobotany, medicinal plants, history, 16th-20th centuries, Spain.
154
ISE5-O06 Observations on Ethnobotany as a support for archaeobotanical reconstructions: Citrullus colocynthis (L) Schrader, use in Saharan Areas
I. Massamba N’siala a, A.M. Mercuri a, S. Biagetti b
a
Lab. di Palinologia e Paleobotanica Dipartimento di Biologia, Viale Caduti in Guerra 132, 41121 Modena Italy. b Sapienza Università di
Roma Via Palestro 63, 00185, Roma, Italy.
Background: Ethnobotanical observations are a key reference to interpretate archaeobotanical data, especially for food and
medicinal plants and for the reconstructions of human activity in archaeological sites. Citrullus colocynthis grows naturally in semidesert and desert areas in Sahara, Mediterranean and subtropics. Its medicinal properties are recognized by the pharmacopoeia of
dozens of countries but on the traditional use of seeds for food and healt the literature shows conflicting informations.
Objectives: The study of kel Tadrart Tuareg plants use is part of a multidisciplinary research in order to keep information on the
human-environment today relationships applying it on the Holocene ethnoarchaeological and archaeobotanical study of Central
Sahara sites.
Methods: Observation and open and semi-structured interviews were carried out in a systematic survey among Tadrart Acacus
massif (800-1400 m a.s.l.) in south-western Libya following the teachings of an old Kel Tadrart Tuareg. Reference samples were
collected.
Results and conclusions: Citrullus colocynthis pollen and seeds were found in many African archaeological sites, testifying its
long-time use. Nowadays the seeds are still eaten for health maintenance after different treatments in order to eliminate the toxic
substances present in the pulp, and the entire fruit has pharmacological applications in many health diseases.
Keywords: Ethnobotany, Citrullus colocynthis, Libyan Sahara-archaeobotany, Kel tadrart Tuareg.
Acknowledgments: Missione Archeologica Italo-Libica nell’Acacus e nel Messak (Sahara centrale), Sapienza Università di Roma.
References: 1. Wasylikowa, K. et al. Veget Hist Archaeobot, 2004, 13: 213–217. 2. Schafferman D. et al, Journ of Arid Env. (1998), 40:
431-4.
ISE5-P01 Using traditional pesticides by iranian and moslem physicians in Cambat against harmful animals
N. Mahdavi Shahri, J. Baharara
Department of Biology Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University Mashhad, Iran.
Among the works of the well-known physicians and scientists of Islamic and Iranian Medicine, there exist some texts on how to
fight against harmful insects and animals. Such texts can be found in Chapter Five of the second discourse of the Nineth Book of
Zakhireh Kharazmshahi, written by Seyyed Esmail Jorjani and other handwritten books including (Tohfeh Hakim Moemn, Makhzanoladvieh, etc). In these texts the traditional pesticides and killers drugs and experiences of the old pharmacists concerning
combat against pests have been mentioned. These texts specify the application of the natural (non – synthetic) pest – killers by
Iranian and Islamic Old Physicians and Scientists in fighting against some harmful insects such as: fly, ant, termite, flea, tick and
other harmful animals. Therefore, taking into consideration the necessity of replacing natural combatants against harmful animals/
insects (emphasizing on the use of non – synthetic materials) our assumption is based on the reliance on the above texts an with
technical facilities of pharmacology, toxicology, entomology and zoology, the effect of the traditional Pesticides recommended in
traditional medicine has to be re-evaluated.
Key word: traditional pesticides, harmvul animals, Zakhireh Kharazmshahi.
155
ISE5-P02 Migration, nutrition and aging across the life-course of Bangladeshi families: Exploring food and
medicinal uses of plants across transnational and generational landscapes
H. Jennings
The School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29-39 Brunswick Square
Background: Medicinal and food plant use among Bangladeshis in the UK has important health, nutritional, policy, social and
cultural implications. The Bangladeshi community in the UK is thriving; it is both the youngest and fastest growing of all minority
populations (2001 census). However many of its members are socially marginalised and suffer disproportionally from diet-related
health conditions such as diabetes. While there remain long-standing links between Bangladesh and Britain through the mutual
exchange of material, social and cultural capital (Gardner, 2008) there is limited understanding on the impact of these links and
migration on diet and medicinal plant use.
Objectives: This project aims to an in-depth understanding of Bangladeshi women’s practices regarding plant-foods used for
medicinal and health purposes across transnational and generational landscapes. The objectives of the project are to:
1. Explore the interface of food and medicinal plant use.
2. Compare inter-generational food-plant knowledge and use.
3. Compare food-plant knowledge and use between the UK and Bangladesh.
4. Explore the connection and transmission of knowledge regarding food plants between the UK and Bangladesh.
Methods: Research methodology includes qualitative techniques of participant observation, focus group discussions, unstructured interviews and discussions in addition to more quantitative semi-structured interviews. Research participants consist of an
estimated 100 Bangladeshi women both in the UK (London and Cardiff) and Bangladesh (Sylhet) from two distinct generations.
Results: Key findings from preliminary research include reports of core plants used for medicinal purposes particularly for illnesses
associated with the community, analysis of the transfer of knowledge between mothers and daughters and the reoccurring theme
of the food-medicine overlap. Other themes of interest include the association of medicinal knowledge with Bangladesh, networks
of knowledge within and across countries, supply chains and symbolic meanings of food-medicine.
Keywords: Food-medicine interface, migration, nutrition, medicinal plants,Bangladesh, UK, generations, transnational landscapes.
ISE5-P03 History, custom and the use of medicinal insects. Blister beetles from the Mediterranean World to
Americas
E. Motte-Florac
Univ. Montpellier 1 et Praxiling (CNRS et Univ. Montpellier 3), Laboratoire de Botanique, Faculté de Pharmacie, 15, Avenue Charles Flahault, 34093 Montpellier cedex 5 France.
Background: Four thousands years old written traces inform us of the composition of remedies used in that time and give evidence of the medicinal use of insects. Some of the most ancient entomological medicinal products have been used unceasingly until
now in most parts of the Mediterranean World. One of them is the cantharis, a blister beetle. Due to its interesting pharmacological properties, particularly the vesicatory and diuretic ones, cantharis has been mentioned in a remarkably high number of written
sources in very different times and places.
Objectives: We will try to understand the different ways of perceiving, conceiving and using cantharis depending on era and
culture, and the impact of history on the similarities and divergences that appear in its use.
Methods: The work is essentially based on a bibliographical research (ancient books and pharmacopoeias, and publications on
traditional medicine in most parts of the Mediterranean World).
Results an conclusions: Drug denomination intervenes largely in the estimation of the constancy of a medicinal use. This
problem is recurrent in all the historical studies carried out on medicinal plants and animals, and may be more specially insects.
But according to the custom and the historical background, medicinal, aphrodisiacs and poisons effects of cantharis have been
reproved or searched, and scientific knowledge on this medicinal product evolved more or less rapidly.
Keywords: medicinal insects, cantharis, Mediterranean World, Americas.
156
ISE6-O01 Mazatecs Ethnopharmacy 70 years after Schultes: an historical comparison
P. Giovannini, M. Heinrich
Center for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, School of Pharmacy, University of London. 29-39 Brunswick Sq., London WC1N 1AX, UK.
Background: At the end of the 1930s Richard E. Schultes carried out ethnobotanical fieldwork in the Sierra Mazateca (Oaxaca,
Mexico) to document the use of plants among three ethnic groups living in the area: Chinantecs, Mazatecs and Mije (Mixe). His
findings are recorded in his doctoral dissertation "Economic aspects of the flora of Northeastern Oaxaca, Mexico".
Objectives: Our aims are: a) to improve our understanding of the historical development of ethnobotanical knowledge in the
context of rapid cultural change; b) to show the value and limitations of neglected historical literature in Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology.
Methods: P.G carried out fieldwork in the Sierra Mazateca as part of his doctoral studies and collected data on general concepts of
health and sickness and on the pharmacopoeia used in the study site. The methods used include participant observation, unstructured and structured interviews. The data collected during fieldwork, and the data recorded in R.E. Schultes doctoral dissertation
were entered in a database and coded according to homogenous criteria in order to allow a quantitative statistical analysis.
Results and conclusions: We found that many of the species documented in our study are also documented in Schultes' dissertation. Examples of commonly used speces recorded by us and also reported by Schultes include among others Piper umbellatum,
Zingiber officinale, Chenopodium ambrosioides and Nicotiana tabacum. However, we found some variation when comparing the
reported use categories of the same species. We suggest that the variation observed is the results of intra-cultural variation,
historical change, and field research methods.
Keywords: Mazatecs, Medicinal Plants, Oaxaca, Historical Ethnopharmacology, R.E. Schultes.
ISE6-P01 Presencia y distribución de polifenoles en la frutilla chilena (Fragaria chiloensis ssp. chiloensis):
un estudio mediante HPLC-DAD y HPLC-MS/MS
G. Schmeda-Hirschmann, M.J. Simirgiotis, J. Cheel
Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile; UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Antecedentes: La frutilla chilena (Fragaria chiloensis ssp. chiloensis) es uno de los progenitores de la frutilla cultivada, F. x ananassa. Los frutos fueron consumidos desde tiempos precolombinos y la planta está siendo seleccionada como un nuevo cultivo por
agricultores del centro-sur de Chile.
Objetivos: Determinar la composición y distribución de polifenoles en distintos órganos de la frutilla chilena y compararlos con los
perfiles de la frutilla roja comercial (Fragaria x ananassa).
Métodos: HPLC-DAD Merck-Hitachi (bomba L-7100, detector de arreglo de diodos L-7455, integrador D-7000). Columna: C18-RP
Luna 250 mm x 4.60 mm i.d., 5 μm. Detección: 254 nm, UV rango: 200-600 nm. MS: Agilent 1100 LC, conectado al sistema Esquire
4000 Ion Trap LC/MS (Bruker Daltoniks). Full scan MS entre m/z 150 y 2000 u en modo ión positivo para antocianinas y modo ión
negativo para otros compuestos. Espectros de CID con amplitud de fragmentación de 1.00 V (MS/MS). Gas de colisión: helio.
Resultados y conclusiones: Se identificaron en forma tentativa 50 compuestos en frutilla chilena, incluyendo por primera vez 18
fenólicos en rizomas y otros 18 compuestos en hojas. Los productos fueron principalmente procianidinas, elagitaninos, derivados
del ácido elágico y flavonoides. Se observa acumulación de taninos condensados de mayor peso molecular en rizomas. La información presentada puede emplearse para caracterizar cultivares locales y proporciona "huellas dactilares" para estudios de cambios
asociados a la respuesta de la planta ante factores ambientales y patógenos.
Palabras clave: Fragaria chiloensis, frutilla chilena, fenólicos, flavonoides, taninos, distribución.
Agradecimientos: Se agradece el financiamiento del Programa de Productos Bioactivos, Universidad de Talca.
157
ISE6-P02 A feast of yellow: Notes on safflower use in Alentejo (Portugal)
H. Sapeta, A.S. Dias
Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Évora, [email protected]
Background: Carthamus tinctorius L., is a multi-purpose wonder-plant used for centuries for its medicinal proprieties and source
of dye for textiles. More recently it is used also as an oilseed crop (1). Safflower, which is naturalized in south-eastern Portugal (2),
is a very popular plant in a restricted area of Alentejo (3) in a surprisingly particular way.
Objectives: To contribute to the knowledge, characterization and understanding of what seems to be a unique tradition, involving
a medicinal plant in a peculiar culinary tradition and its associated distinctive folklore.
Methods: Exploratory and semi-structured interviews were carried out at Alter-do-Chão, a small town of about 2600 habitants
and at three smaller villages (Chança, Seda and Alter Pedroso) on its neighbourhoods. We met our informants at local markets,
restaurants, retirement homes and streets. Beyond that, we visited home gardens, houses and the countryside.
Results and conclusions: Medicinal use of safflower has not been referred by our informants whereas its use as an indispensable source of yellow and a seasoning in the making of a traditional dish is a widespread popular practice considered as a local
distinctive tradition. The making of the yellow rice ("arroz amarelo"), traditionally served with lamb in Easter, weddings and feasts
and nowadays more widespread seems to be, as far as we know, a unique trait in the country, being associated with a specific
folklore. However when and how did safflower dry florets became a local seasoning and a colouring agent for the festive yellow
rice is not yet clear nor what are the exact geographic boundaries of this tradition.
Acknowledgments: To local people who shared their time and knowledge with us.
Keywords: Carthamus tinctorius L., food colouring, Portugal, safflower, seasoning, yellow rice.
References: 1. Ekin, Z. J.Agron 2005, 4(2): 83-87. 2. Franco, J.A. Flora de Portugal (Continente e Açores) Volume II.Clethraceae – Compositae, Lisboa: Ed. author, 1984, pp.487-488. 3. Monteiro, M.L. Alentejo Terra Mãe 2006, 3:86-87.
ISE6-P03 Brain acetylcholinesterase inhibition by Plectranthus barbatus herbal tea
P.L. Falé a,b, L. Ascensão b, M.L. Serralheiro a
a
Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande,1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal. b Centro de
Biotecnologia Vegetal (IBB), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande,1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal.
Background: Plectranthus barbatus Andr. (Lamiaceae), known in Brazil as "falso boldo", is used in tropical Africa, Asia and Brazil
for a wide range of medicinal purposes, including central nervous system disorders. Previous in vitro studies1 showed that P. barbatus aqueous extracts, prepared as decoctions, have promising antiacethylcholinesterase properties, being potentially useful in
the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease symptoms.
Objectives: The aim of the present research was to test if the water extracts of P. barbatus leaves could produce a decrease in
brain acetylcholinesterase activity when administered to rats.
Methods: P. barbatus extracts, prepared as decoctions, were intraperitonially administered to Sprague-Dawley rats (1000 mg/Kg
body weight). Thirty and sixty minutes after administration, the rat brains were collected and analysed by HPLC. In addition, the
brain acetylcholinesterase activity was measured by an adaptation of the method previously used1.
Results and conclusions: The main component of the P. barbatus herbal tea, rosmarinic acid, was found in the rat brains in
the concentrations 24.1±1.1 and 20.4±0.4 µM, 30 and 60 min after administration, respectively. An inhibition of 29.0±2.3 and
24.9±3.7% in brain acetylcholinesterase activity was observed at the same administration time-points, respectively. The results
prove that the administration of P. barbatus aqueous extracts may be helpful in alleviating the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease.
Keywords: Plectranthus barbatus, acetylcholinesterase inhibition, intraperitonial administration.
Acknowledgments: P.L. Falé thanks FCT for the PhD Grant (SFRH/BD/37547/2007).
References: 1. Falé, P. et al. (2009), Food Chem., 114, 798-805. 158
ISE6-P04 Enrichment study of virgin olive oil with antioxidants phenolic acid from natural food plants.
J.J. Berzas Nevado, V. Rodríguez Robledo, C. Sánchez-Carnerero Callado
Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela 10, 13071, Ciudad
Real, Spain.
Background: Virgin olive oil (VOO), mainly produced in Spain, is the basis of "Mediterranean Diet" and provides a rich source of
natural antioxidants which are directly linked to a reduced degenerative diseases such as, coronary heart disease and cancers
of the breast, skin and colon (1, 2). In the same way, food plants (spices and herbs) are often used for their medical and antiseptic
properties since show high antioxidant activity.
Objectives: The aim of this work is enrich VOO using some natural food plants such as thyme, rosemary and garlic and determinate if these spices to be able to transfer some of their characteristic antioxidants to VOO. The main antioxidants found in the
selected food plants were rosmarinic, caffeic and gallic acids bellowing all them, to phenolic acids.
Methods: A rapid, simple and reliable method for determination of phenolic compounds in VOO previously enriched with food
plants using off-line solid phase extraction (SPE) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) with UV detector was optimized and validated.
The enrichment study was carried out steeping VOO with food plants a) over time (more than 30 days), b) stirring at room temperature and c) stirring using temperatures higher 25ºC.
Results and conclusions: The results confirmed the presence of rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid and gallic acid, when the enrichment was carried out both stirring and stirring over temperature.
Keywords: antioxidants, capillary electrophoresis, enrichment, food plants, phenolic acids, VOO.
References: 1. Keys A, et al. The diet and 15 year death rate in the Seven Countries Study. Am J Epidemiol 1986;124:903-915. 2. Owen
RW, et al. Olives and olive oil in cancer prevention. Eur J Cancer Prev 2004;13:319-326.
ISE6-P05 Nutritional and nutraceutical composition of two Lamiaceae traditionally used in Portugal as
spices, flavours or medicines
A.S.F. Fernandes, L. Barros, A.M. Carvalho, I.C.F.R. Ferreira
CIMO/Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Apartado 1172, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal
Background: Medicinal and aromatic plants are highly prized in Portugal. They are a good source of natural preparations containing effective bioactive compounds, including antioxidants which can be used for different applications, particularly as food additives and health promoting ingredients in the formulations of functional foods and nutraceuticals.
Objectives: To study the nutritional and nutraceutical composition and antioxidant properties of aerial parts from two Lamiaceae
species (Mentha pulegium and Thymus pulegioides), often used.
Methods: Determination of proteins, fat, ash, and carbohydrates, and individual profiles in sugars and fatty acids by chromatographic techniques. Phytochemicals such as phenolics, flavonoids, vitamins and carotenoids were also determined. The antioxidant
activity was accessed by four in vitro chemical and biochemical assays using animal cells.
Results and conclusions: M. pulegium revealed the highest contents of moisture, ash, proteins, fat, energy and sugars, while
T. pulegioides revealed the highest contents of carbohydrates (89.35 g/100 g). M. pulegium have the best antioxidant properties
(EC50 < 0.56 mg/mL), which is in agreement with its highest content in phenolics and in other antioxidants such as reducing sugars
(7.99 g/100 g), ascorbic acid (7.90 mg/100 g) and tocopherols, particularly α-tocopherol (69.54 mg/100 g). These compounds could
explain its uses as antiseptic, anti-inflammatory and as food preservative and special sauce. Moreover could have great potential
in food and in pharmaceutical industries because of its flavouring properties and composition.
Keywords: Lamiaceae, phytochemicals, oxidative stress, Portuguese pharmacopoeia.
Acknowledgments: L. Barros is financed by FCT (SFRH/BPD/4609/2008).
159
ISE6-P06 Ethnobotany and foraging behaviour: a new approach for an emerging problem. Lactuca alpina (L.)
A. Gray and unrelated toxic plants consumed as food
M.L. Colombo a, S.Perego b, C. Vender c, F.Davanzo d
a
Dept. Drug Science and Technology, Via P.Giuria, 9, 10125 Torino, Italy, b Milan Botanical Group, Natural History Museum, C.so Venezia
55, 20121 Milano, Italy, c CRA-MPF, Piazza Nicolini, 6, 38123 Trento, ITALY, d Poison Control Center of Milan, Niguarda Ca" Granda Hospital,
Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, 20162 Milano, Italy.
Background: Wild edible plants are found in all climates and terrains. Although most people don’t know exactly which wild plant
to pick up, there is a new trend known as "foraging behavior", where people called "freegans" search for wild edible plants, not to
survive but to be environmentally friendly and "green". But there are many toxic plants that cause serious harm (1, 2).
Objectives: To avoid intoxications when shoots of wild plants are collected during spring time for human consumption. Young
shoots of toxic Aconitum sp., during the spring, in Northern Italy were picked as alpine lettuce Lactuca alpina (L.) A. Gray [Cicerbita
alpina (L.) Wallr.].
Methods: Data were obtained from anonymous medical files concerning expositions and/or intoxications registered by the Milan
Poison Center Niguarda Hospital between 1995 and 2007 (2) and from an ethnobotanical survey in the alpine northeastern valleys.
Results and conclusions: The typical example of intoxications due to a mistake of L. alpina shoots is the misidentification of
plant species containing alkaloids, i.e. Aconitum sp., as reported by Poison Center of Niguarda Milan Hospital. Juvenile Aconitum
sp. plants were accidentally collected with the lettuce or as lettuce, resulting in poisoning. In order to preserve wild L. alpina in its
natural habitat and to avoid severe or fatal intoxications, a research project was started to explore the possibility to domesticate
this species. Preliminary results show that L. alpina cultivations, starting from seed, gave a high green biomass in open fields at
1500 m. above sea level.
Keywords: Lactuca alpina, Aconitum sp., cultivation, intoxication.
References: 1. M.L.Colombo et al. (2010) J. Pharm. Sci. & Res., in press - 2. M.L.Colombo et al. (2009) J. Pharm. Sci. & Res., 2, 123-136.
ISE6-P07 Plants Used as Food and Medicine by Polish Immigrants in Misiones, Argentina
M. Kujawska
University of Wroclaw, Departament of Ethnology, ul. Szewska 50/51, 50-139 Wroclaw, Poland.
Background: Polish peasant families, migrating from temperate climate settled down in subtropical environment in the north of
the province of Misiones, Argentina, between 1936 -1939. New flora which they found in Misiones was the major hindrance in the
continuation of their home medicine and phytotherapy, as known from Poland.
Objectives: To investigate changes in traditional health care practices, and in particular the phytotherapy based on plants used
also in food context by Polish immigrants in Argentina.
Methods: Semistructured and in-depth interviews, freelisting questionnaires with 87 adults of Polish origin and their descendents
living in two settlements, province of Misiones, botanical identification of 43 plant species. The data analysis combines quantitative methods (frequency of occurrence, informant consensus) and qualitative anthropological methods.
Results and conclusions: 43 plant taxa and 5 industrially processed plants are used both as medicine and food. As medicine
188 uses were recorded principally to treat respiratory (20%), gastrointestinal (17,5% ), circulatory (15%) and genitourinary (10%)
disorders. The internal uses (84%) prevail dramatically over the external ones (16%) and leaves are most frequently administered
(55%). In contrast, as food fruits are mostly used (56%). The continuation of Polish pharmacopoeia is observed in the use of 8
cultivated species: Allium sativum, A. cepa, Brassica oleracea, Petroselinum crispum, Mentha spp., Anethum graveolens, Linum
usitatissimum and Piper nigrum. The high percentage of food plants in the pharmacopoeia of Polish immigrants is a result of
reliance on mainly cultivated and exotic species, gathered from home gardens and fields. Most of the medicinal uses are strongly
influenced by the local Mestizo culture.
Keywords: Medicinal resources, medicinal food, Polish immigrants' pharmacopoeia, Argentina.
160
ISE6-P08 Wild food plants used by the Walser ethnic minority in the Alps
D. Rivera a, C. Obón b, F. Alcaraz a
a
Universidad de Murcia, Departamento Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Biología, [email protected]. b Universidad Miguel Hernández, Departamento de Biología Aplicada.
Background: The Walser ethnic minority is dispersed over at least four countries in the heart of Europe (Italy, Switzerland,
Liechtenstein and Austria). The Walser share a common language, the "Tisch" or Walser, which belongs to the Germanic group.
Some of them have conserved traditional rural knowledge, including the management and uses of wild plants, others have lost
even their ancestral language.
Objectives: To determine the fungi and vascular plant species named and used by the Walser, particularly as food and medicine,
and to analyze the results within the context of the Alpine cultures and traditions.
Methods: Review of literature, especially local papers and books. Interviews with members of the different Walser societies and
communities in Italy and Switzerland. Collection of voucher specimens and / or photographs of plants, gardens and landscapes in
the different areas.
Results and conclusions: A total of 81 wild species of vascular plants and fungi are (or were) consumed by the Walser. Up to 14
species were not previously reported as food plants in the literature on the Alps or the Italian Peninsula. A 60 % of the species (50)
are a relatively common food in Europe. A 33 % of the species (27) are used in the local folk medicine.
Keywords: Ethnobotany, Folk Medicine, Ethnopharmacology.
Acknowledgements: Proyecto CGL2008-04635.
W
Workshops
Talleres
Ateliers
ISE 2010
W1. Challenges for junior researchers
W2. Use of ethnobotanical results in outreach and education: from community workshops to curriculum development and cultural sensitivity training
W3. Commercialization of bioactive compounds or extracts from plants
W4. Herbal medicines, Systems Biology and Synergy
W5. How to write and publish a world-class research article
W6. Continuum between ritual and medicinal plant uses
W7. East meets West – from Traditional Chinese Medicine to modern Phytomedicines
EHPE
W8. Plantas y salud. La etnofarmacología en los programas de acción de las ONGs
W1-01
163
Ethnobiology and Ethnopharmacology: challenges for junior researchers
S. Cristians
Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Av. Universidad 3000, C.P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
Background: The research of novel pharmaceuticals is a scientific task that is always in progress. The most integrative method
for reach this goal is thought the folk medicine, being the Ethnobiology and Ethnopharmacology the appropriate research tools. The
junior researchers confront this challenging scenario, and demand the set up of networks with colleagues from different fields and
regions. The workshop is intended to postgraduate students, mainly doctoral and/or postdoctoral students, with full result original
researches who want to show their work and create scientific nexus.
Objectives: Show the scientific production of junior researchers involved in Ethnobiology and Ethnopharmacology areas.
Methods: The scheme of the workshop will be round tables with at least five junior researchers from different parts of the world
whose investigation will have a similar topic, e.g. "Ethnobotany studies", "Natural products pharmacology"; each participant will
have 15 minutes for present his work. At the end of the whole session there is going to be an additional 15 minutes gap for questions and general discussion. The discussion is going to be chaired by a research specialized in the general topic.
Results and conclusions: The junior researchers will show their work in a proper forum being capable of establish a networks
between the different researchers members of the International Society for Ethnopharmacology (ISE) around the world.
Keywords: Junior researcher, Ethnobiology, Ethnopharmacology.
W2-01Use of ethnobotanical results in outreach and education: from community Workshops to curriculum development and cultural sensitivity training
I. Vandebroek
The New York Botanical Garden, Institute of Economic Botany, 2900 Southern Boulevard, Bronx NY 10458 USA
This workshop will look into applied aspects of ethnobotanical research in relation to community outreach as well as education
and training of healthcare providers, students and other stakeholders. Questions to be addressed are: How can the results from
ethnobotanical research be used to adequately and effectively support the communities that ethnobotanists are working with?;
How can we build on and expand education and curricula in schools based on ethnobotanical research? What are new avenues
for ethnobotanical outreach and education? And what are the challenges for the future of Ethnobotany education and outreach in
a constantly changing world?
164
W2-02
Missouri Botanical Garden: partnership and capacity building in ethnobotanical research in
Northern Peru
R.W. Bussmann
William. L. Brown Center, Missouri Botanical Garden, O. Box 299, Saint Louis, MO 63166-0299, USA; [email protected]
Background: The William L. Brown Center (WLBC) is Missouri Botanical Garden’s research unit specializing on plant use. Currently operating in over a dozen countries, WLBC is one of the largest programs on Economic Botany in the world. Projects conducted by the WLBC include significant training programs ranging from botanical field techniques and ethnobotanical research to
collections management, market development, sustainable production and public health.
Objectives: WLBC has been documenting and preserving traditional knowledge in Northern Peru, in close collaboration with local
universities, herbaria and traditional as well as western clinics.
Methods: Northern Peru represents the center of the Andean "health axis", where the continuous use of more than 500 medicinal
plants has been documented.
Results and conclusions: The WLBC program brings together a unique team of Peruvian and American students and researchers,
traditional healers, western doctors, market venders, plant collectors and community members. The program attempts to document
the use of traditional medicinal plants and the often complex plant mixtures prepared by local healers. In addition, it established
the local infrastructure to conduct bio-assays aiming to verify the efficacy of local preparations and evaluate possible toxicity to
allow a safer use of traditional medicine in public health programs. Local communities are encouraged to establish their own
ethnobotanical gardens through the through the WLBC Sacred Seeds program in order to preserve these important plant resources
an the traditional knowledge attached for the future.
Keywords: Ethnobotany, education, medicinal plants, public health.
W2-03
School kids as Ethnobotanists - Knowledge transmission in the Biosphere Reserve Großes Walsertal (Austria)
S. Grasser, C. Schunko, C.R. Vogl
Working group for Knowledge Systems and Innovations, Dep. for Sustainable Agricultural Systems, BOKU. Gregor Mendelstr. 33, 1180
Vienna, Austria.
Background: Traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) is mainly investigated by adults with adults as respondents. Recently also
children’s perspective on plants is increasingly addressed in ethnobotanical research. Hardly any projects are conducted with
children as actors to transmit knowledge in their communities between generations nor is the role of children in the transmission
process addressed sufficiently.
Objectives: The aim of this research project with applied components of research for development is to better understand TEK
on gathered plant species; but also to enhance the intergenerational transmission (IT) of plant related knowledge. Through IT, we
want to increase adult’s awareness of the value of their own knowledge and raise children’s interest in wild plant gathering. In
addition, the documentation of ethnobotanical knowledge through video shall make the results accessible for a broad audience.
Methods: In the seven primary schools of the Großes Walsertal, workshops were held to introduce children to plant gathering.
Afterwards they were motivated interviewing their parents and grandparents with a survey based on previous Freelist-results
including the 20 most frequently mentioned plant species. The collected results were discussed in school-workshops. Children
returned these results to their families. Participatory video-workshops with two groups of children recorded interesting stories
concerning gathering and use of plants in the valley.
Results and conclusions: 506 men and women from the valley participated in the survey. 96% of the 20 plant species from the
survey were known by local people, 81% of the listed plant species were answered to be used as food or drink, in folk medicine,
for customs and ornamental purposes. With this high participation plant gathering became "the hot topic" in the valley. Further
transmission was encouraged through the research process as the value of people’s own knowledge was well recognized by
themselves. The appreciation of nature and related TEK is crucial for a sustainable conservation and use of Biosphere Reserve
resources.
Keywords: community participation, participatory video, intergenerational transmission of knowledge.
W2-04
165
Sharing traditional ethnobotanical knowledge: some experiences in Madrid Sierra Norte, Asturias, and the Catalan Pyrenees
L. Aceituno-Mata a,b,d, S. Vila a,c, L. Calvet-Mir a, M. Pardo-de-Santayana b, J. Tardío d, T. Garnatje e, J.J. Lastra c, M. Parada f, M. Rigat f,
J. Vallès f , V. Reyes-García g
a
ICTA, Univ. Autònoma de Barcelona b Univ. Autónoma de Madrid UAM c Univ. de Oviedo d IMIDRA e Institut Botànic de Barcelona f Univ.
de Barcelona. g ICREA and ICTA, Univ. Autònoma de Barcelona.
Background: As researchers realize the importance of returning knowledge to society, outreach activities are becoming more
common in ethnobotanical research. In the recent past, traditional knowledge about the use of wild plants and landraces in the
study areas was discarded due to socioeconomic changes that rendered the knowledge not necessary for survival. However, today
there is a growing interest in recovering this knowledge, both among traditional and new settlers.
Objectives: Here we report outreach activities derived from ethnobotanical research conducted in three rural mountain areas of
the Iberian Peninsula, where traditional ethnobotanical knowledge is now mainly kept by the elders and is eroding quickly.
Methods: To locally disseminate the results of our research, we used a wide range of formats adapted to different sectors of the
population: agriculture calendars widely used by farmers, a memory game with landraces for kids, posters with landraces, illustrated brochures and books co-written by local population and researchers. We also worked with pre-university students who helped
both in the collection and dissemination of ethnobotanical knowledge.
Results and conclusions: To improve our dissemination strategies, we mimic local ways and places of transmitting ethnobotanical knowledge, using the local social networks and public open spaces as main squares or markets for some outreach activities.
Finally, we advocate for the active role of the researcher in the community, as a driving force of the process of enhancing traditional
knowledge in the new context of rural communities.
Keywords: Traditional etnobotanical knowledge, outreach activities, result dissemination.
W2-05
Ethnobotanical knowledge and its possible applications: different solutions to make people aware
of its importance in an UNESCO World Heritage Site
V. Savo, G. Caneva
University of Roma Tre, Environmental Biology Dept., Viale Marconi, 446 - 00146 Rome, Italy
Background: Amalfi Coast has always been characterized by a close relationship between people and the environment, which
has contributed to the inscription of its "cultural landscape" within the World Heritage Site list of UNESCO.
Objectives: To evaluate the extent and preserve the ethnobotanical knowledge of the Amalfi Coast, and especially promote its
conservation among the local people.
Methods: A preliminary ethnobotanical random survey (2006-2008) was carried out in order to quantify the extent of EK in the
area. Different actions have been carried out and planned to make people aware of the importance of this kind of knowledge.
Results and conclusions: Many plants (179 species) have an ethnobotanical use in the area; however, it turned out that EK is
disappearing as younger generations (6,8 - mean of cited plants) seem to know less plants than their parents (9,7) and grandparents (8,6). The results of this research will be published, in scientific papers, but also in a popular guide on the EK of Amalfi Coast
and it will be mainly distributed in local shops. Various meetings were organized to awaken local stakeholders to the importance
of the natural and cultural heritage of Amalfi Coast which contributed to the granting of a project aimed at the valorization of local
plants with ethnobotanical uses or naturalistic value. Their experimental cultivation is giving encouraging results and, at the end of
the project, a meeting involving the local farmers will be organized in order to promote the cultivation of this "unconventional" crop
plants. The setting of an Ethnobotanical educative garden, which may promote the transmission of EK to kids of local schools, is in
phase of definition. Hopefully, all these activities will contribute to the preservation of EK of this World Heritage Site.
Keywords: ethnobotanical knowledge (EK), Amalfi Coast, supporting actions
Aknowledgement: Comunità Montana "Penisola Amalfitana" for granting a great part of the activities here described.
166
W2-06
Adaptation of Ethnobotany to the Educative curricula in Castilla-La Mancha (Spain)
A. Verde, J. Fajardo, D. Rivera, A, Valdés, C. Obón
Jardín Botánico de Castilla-La Mancha (Albacete)
Background: The team started studying the relationships with plants of the Traditional Knowledge System in Castilla-La Mancha
(Spain) fifteen years ago. We focused mainly in Ethnobotany. The dissemination strategy adopted included printed and electronic
materials, courses and workshops. We wish to raise the awareness of our own community on this knowledge, as a valuable cultural heritage and a resource for sustainable development.
Objectives: Systematically record the interactions between the environment, natural resources and the Traditional Knowledge
System (TKS).
Spreading and disseminating these results within the different education levels.
Methods: Ethnobotanical research: open interviews to local people about general ethnobiological topics, specific questionnaires
on gathered food plants, general questionnaires carried out in primary and secondary schools, workshops with elder rural people
in cities and rural areas.
Dissemination of Knowledge: introductory lectures on basic and applied Ethnobotany in "Centros de Formación Permanente del
Profesorado" (Secondary Teachers Training Centres), Ethnobotany courses for adults in "Universidad Popular de Albacete" (Adult
Continuing Education).
Results and conclusions: Curricular materials for secondary school, Books and booklets addressed to the general public, papers
in specialized journals of the Educational community.
Curricular materials reached nearly 200.000 children of primary and secondary school. Specialized courses were attended by over
200 primary and secondary school teachers. "Universidad Popular" courses were followed by 1.500 adults during the last 12 years.
Books and booklets are available in public libraries of Castilla - La Mancha.
This methodology is helping to revaluate, preserve and transmit the TKS within the community and complements the oral transmission system, almost lost.
Keywords. Ethnobotany, Castilla - La Mancha, Curricula.
W2-07
The Open Science Network and New Developments for Ethnopharmacology Education
W. McClatchey a, P. Harrison a, S.A. Vougioukalou b
a
Botanical Research Institute of Texas, 500 East 4th Street, Fort Worth, Texas 76102-4025, U.S.A.
b
School of Anthropology and Conservation, Marlowe Building, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NR, U.K.
Background: For the past two years an international network of science educators, students, cultural practitioners and representatives of organizations applying educational content in training, have been working together under the name of the Open
Science Network of OSN.
Objectives: This presentation will present the goals and objectives of the OSN and lead in a discussion of ways that members of
the ISE could benefit from and participate in the OSN.
Methods: We expect that the discussion will focus specifically on the subset of Ethnopharmacology education and its future as
well as the educational methodologies that are currently being emphasized.
Results and conclusions: We will present models that have been developed and tested with the OSN. We will suggest ways
that these can be applied for instruction across geographical and disciplinary boundaries.
Keywords: science education; curriculum development.
W2-08
167
Linking communities and universities: the online Cook Islands Biodiversity and Ethnobiological
Collaborative
S.A. Vougioukalou a, M. Fischer a, G. McCormack b, W. McClatchey c
a
Centre for Social Anthropology and Computing, School of Anthropology and Conservation, Marlowe Building, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NR, U.K. b Cook Islands Natural Heritage Trust, P.O. Box 781, Avarua, Cook Islands c Botanical Research Institute of Texas,
500 East 4th Street, Fort Worth, Texas 76102-4025, U.S.A.
Background: Using multimedia and online collaborative platforms is an increasingly popular and effective way to enhance traditional research and teaching methods and produce deliverables that facilitate knowledge dissemination across communities and
disciplinary boundaries.
Objectives: This paper will introduce the use of the Open Science Network in ethnobiological research and teaching in the Pacific
(Hawaii and the Cook Islands) and Europe (UK). Specifically, it will discuss the Cook Islands Biodiversity and Ethnobiology Collaboratory as a model "social computing platform" that has been under development funded by the Cook Islands Government with
technical assistance by the Centre for Social Anthropology and Computing.
Methods: The project includes asocial computing platform that consists of a participatory web-based application enabling distributed participants to contribute and amend content, as in a "wiki". This project practically supports local people who record the
detail of their knowledge, society and environment in a form that can be directly and dynamically related to expert scientific information about biodiversity and the island ecosystem, relating local knowledge to scientific frameworks for describing ecosystems
and ecosystem services.
Results and conclusions: The Open Science Network facilitates the incorporation of in situ ethnobiological research into undergraduate and postgraduate teaching programmes in Europe and the Pacific by making high quality teaching resources available
free and online, thereby contributing to a new kind of scholarship that crosses the boundaries between universities and local communities, and delivers benefits to a wider audience.
Keywords: Ethnobiology, biodiversity, online collaborative platforms, community engagement.
W2-09
Intercultural community healthcare Workshops and cultural sensitivity training in medical schools:
examples from Bolivia and New York City
I. Vandebroek, M.J. Balick
The New York Botanical Garden, Institute of Economic Botany, 2900 Southern Boulevard, Bronx NY 10458 USA.
Ethnobotany as a discipline is an ideal vehicle to promote cultural sensitivity and build a trusted relationship during the clinical encounter
between a minority patient and health care provider. To accomplish this, one must generate educational materials and provide training to
clinicians about the traditional knowledge, beliefs and practices of the patient group. We conducted cultural competency training sessions
with several medical schools (Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx-Lebanon Hospital Center, Montefiore Medical Center and Columbia University Medical Center) and a community clinic (Mt. Hope Family Practice) in New York City, and with a medical university center
(Centro Universitario de Medicina Tropical, Universidad Mayor de San Simon) in Bolivia. In New York City, training tools included Powerpoint presentations, workshops, role play exercises, tours of the living plant collection at The New York Botanical Garden, guided visitations
of botánicas (community-based shops providing traditional healthcare), classes on ethnomedical Spanish, patient-interviewing and topicoriented language immersion sessions during internships in a community clinic. In Bolivia, we organized video-recorded workshops with
local physicians specializing in tropical medicine, medical students, traditional healers and indigenous community members to promote
dialogue about how health conditions prevalent in indigenous communities were recognized by and treated with biomedical and traditional
healthcare. Evaluation of the training program consisted of both oral and written reflections by trainees and community members, as well
as administration of a self-evaluation instrument containing statements related to trainees" knowledge, attitudes and skills. Projects such
as these demonstrate the usefulness of Ethnobotany as an applied tool that extends beyond research and underscores its applicability to
address pressing societal issues, including those related to the existence of health disparities in immigrant and indigenous communities.
Keywords: cultural competency training, medical education, botanical medicines, applied Ethnobotany, community healthcare.
Acknowledgments: Austrian Academy for Sciences, MAB-Programme.
168
W3-01Commercialization of bioactive compounds or extracts from plants
K. Eloff
Phytomedicine Programme, University of Pretoria, Website www.up.ac.za/phyto; [email protected]
Many of the publications in the field of Ethnopharmacology are focussed on discovering compounds that can be developed into
pharmaceutical products or therapeutically useful complex extracts. Yet there are very few examples where success has been
attained. The complications in developing commercially useful plant based products and examples where success have been attained would provide an interesting topic for discussion. There are many factors that play a role in this process.
W3-02
Ethnobotanical, historical and commercial perspectives on natural product development in South
Africa
Ben-Erik Van Wyk
Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, South Africa, 2006
Despite the fact that an estimated 25% of the plant species of the world is found in Africa, only a few have hitherto become fully
commercialised as medicinal products. In recent years there has been an upsurge in research and development of new medicinal
products and new medicinal crops.
Some of the best known and most promising South African medicinal plants will be briefly discussed in the context of what is
known about the importance of Ethnobotany, chemistry, pharmacology, horticulture and the marketing approach during the complicated process of commercialisation.
The history of product development relating to the following species will be presented: Agathosma betulina (buchu), Aloe ferox
(bitter aloe), Artemisia afra (African wormwood), Aspalathus linearis (rooibos tea), Cyclopia genistoides (honeybush tea), Harpagophytum procumbens (devil’s claw), Hypoxis hemerocallidea (African potato), Pelargonium sidoides (umckaloabo), Sceletium
tortuosum (kougoed), Sutherlandia frutescens (cancer bush) and Warburgia salutaris (pepperbark tree).
The main factors that are apparently responsible for failure or success will be highlighted, especially the importance of marketing
strategy, duration of development, proof of concept and barriers to entry.
W3-03
169
The road to developing commercially useful products from plant secondary compounds
J.N. Eloff
Phytomedicine Programme, University of Pretoria, Website www.up.ac.za/phyto; [email protected]
We have leaned a number of lessons in our attempts to commercialize plant extracts and isolated compounds from plants. A number of patents have arisen out of these attempts and one product is currently on the market. Examples will be presented on work
that has been done to deliver a plant extract with double the antioxidant activity of its competitors in the industry, a plant product
with better activity than gentamicin in treating wound infections in rats, a plant extract with the potential to become a tooth paste,
a plant product with excellent and antibacterial activity, a plant product with higher activity than commercial fungicides against
plant pathogens, a plant product with very good anti-Candida activity, a plant product with excellent activity in treating aspergillosis in poultry, and finally a mixture of plant products that can be used to replace antibiotic feed additives in poultry production.
All these lessons will be discussed and our approach to developing commercially useful products will be explained in more detail.
W3-04
Combining modern sciences with ancient knowledge: new products from medicinal plants
Vinesh J. Maharal
CSIR, Biosciences, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria, South Africa, 0001
Scientific research on traditional medicines can lead to new pharmaceutical products, typically herbal formulations or new chemical entities. The Bioprospecting research group of CSIR, Biosciences focuses on the discovery and development of herbal remedies
and new drugs based on South Africa’s medicinal plants as well as its rich biodiversity.
An appetite suppressant agent from Hoodia developed by CSIR scientists, promises to become the first natural ingredient for
weight management based on a plant indigenous to the African Continent. The research programme that led to this potential
product started at CSIR in 1963, and included major multi-national companies, farmers and communities. An analysis of the key
innovative steps in the research programme illustrates the value of combining modern science and ancient knowledge on the use
of South Africa’s rich biodiversity.
Hoodia illustrates the potential of bioprospecting to produce significant economic and social benefits for a nation. The processes
leading to the creation and protection of intellectual property, licensing to commercial partners and the benefit -sharing agreement
with the San people, custodians of indigenous knowledge on the use of Hoodia, is discussed.
The progress with Hoodia to date already positioned South Africa as a country with the scientific and technological capability
to produce leads of interest to the multinational companies. The CSIR is currently involved in a number of collaborations with
the industry interested in future inventions that might flow from its investigation of the possible commercial use of the country’s
indigenous plants and knowledge on the use thereof. The ongoing bioprospecting activities of CSIR have produced a rich portfolio
of natural product leads, including potential new treatments for diseases such as malaria, HIV, asthma, diabetes and analgesics.
The further development of these candidates, benefit substantially from the product development platform that resulted from the
Hoodia research programme. Selected leads are discussed using a stage-gate approach.
170
W4-01
Herbal medicines, Systems Biology and Synergy
P. Taylor a, M.E. Williamson b
a
Centro de Medicina Experimental, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Apartado 20632, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela.
[email protected]. b University of Reading School of Pharmacy, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP, Berkshire, UK.
Phytomedicines are highly complex, and it has long been considered that their effects are not always due to the presence of a
single "active" molecule. Synergistic effects have been shown to take place between constituents in some cases, and individual
components of a mixture can act on different biological targets related to the therapeutic indication, providing what is sometimes
known as a multi-factorial approach. The session aims to give an overview of these effects and how they can be measured, for
example using metabolomics, as well as the implications for bioassays and evaluating interactions with other herbs and conventional drugs.
W4-02
A place for natural products in the multi-targeted approach to cancer therapy
P. Taylor
Centro de Medicina Experimental, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Apartado 20632, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela.
[email protected]
The traditional Western approach to the therapy of cancer, where the cancer cell was targeted with potent cytotoxic drugs, has
long been known to represent a very narrow view of how best to deal with a tumour in a patient. Tumours are no longer considered
to be balls of proliferating cells, but rather a complex microenvironment of cancer, immune, endothelial and stromal cells which
may all be potential targets for therapy. Although cancer therapy continues to rely primarily on cytotoxic drugs, which include the
plant-derived paclitaxel, etoposide and vinca alkaloids, there is a growing hope that synergistic effects may be obtained by attacking the tumour though inflammation-related processes, the tumour blood supply (angiogenesis) or by inhibiting other non-tumour
cells that have been recruited to cooperate in tumour growth. For example, NF-κB is an important transcription factor with both
anti-apoptotic and pro-inflammatory roles. Thus, NF-κB-inhibitory drugs, of which there are dozens in nature, could potentiate the
direct effect of cytotoxic drugs on tumour cells, and/or potentiate their effect by inhibiting chronic inflammatory processes that are
often protumoral. Plants have been shown to contain both direct and indirectly (e.g. anti-inflammatory) active anticancer constituents and synergy may be more apparent when using whole extracts rather than isolated compounds (1). However, although synergy
may be observed between constituents within a total extract of a single herb, as well as between different herbs in a formulation (2),
perhaps the most promising approach, in the case of cancer, would be to look for synergy between plant extracts, or compounds,
and the highly cytotoxic agents already available.
Keywords: synergy, inflammation, cancer.
Acknowledgements: Proyecto LOCTI, Venezuela
Referencias: 1. Wagner, H. Phytomedicine 2006, 13: SV 122-129. 2. Williamson, EM. Phytomedicine 2001, 8:119:700.
W4-03
171
Assessing the interaction risks of medicinal plants extract using a metabolomic approach
M. Heinrich, M. Modarai
Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29 - 39 Brunswick Sq. London, WC1N 1AX, UK.
Two core challenges in Ethnopharmacology are the study of the phytochemcial complexity of herbal medicines used and their
overall safety. For the first challenge metabolomics, in particular metabolomic fingerprinting offers a state of the art and fast developing approach for analysing herbal medices. NMR spectroscopy is a key analytical technique in this area and is very sensitive,
non-selective, fast, offers a relatively high-throughput and an uncomplicated sample preparation. It has often been used to assess
the composition of complex mixtures and in the area of herbal medicines the concomitant use of this technique with in vitro or
in vivo pharmacological studies is of particular interest (e.g. Liu et al, 2010 (1); Modarai et al 2010 (2)). For the second challenge a
wide range of in vitro techniques are now available to assess, for example, the interaction potential of herbal medicines (or the
lack thereof (2)).
We have used such a multidisciplinary approach for assessing the link between of in vitro CYP3A4 inhibition (as an indicator of an
extract’s interaction risk) and correlated this with the NMR metabolomic profiles of Echinacea preparations. Six Echinacea Liquid
Preparations were studied in detail. PCA and partial least squares regression analysis were used to identify regions in the NMR
spectra that are associated with CYP3A4 inhibitory activity. In parallel we analysed the alkylamide content of all ELPs to investigate whether particular alkylamides were associated with the more potent ELP. This approach enabled us to better understand the
composition of the various preparations (2).
Overall, this approach offers opportunities to optimise plant extracts in terms of their composition of bioactive substances and
better understand the biological-pharmacological profile of extract based medicines. Such extracts can then be develop into ones
with a more reproducible composition. Using the example of Echinacea and of Devil’s Claw we will discuss the opportunities and
limitations of such an approach in the context of Ethnopharmacology.
Acknoledgments: We gratefully acknowledge the help of various colleagues esp. Prof. A. Kortenkamp and Dr. Min Yang at LSoP and Mr. A.
Suter, Bioforce, CH. Financial support by the Maplethorpe Trust (2008 – 2010) and Bioforce UK/CH (2004 – 2008) enabled us to do this research
References: 1. Liu, N. Q et al (2010) Metabolomic investigation of the ethnopharmacological use of Artemisia afra with NMR spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 128, 230-235. 2. Modarai, M., et al. ( 2010) Metabolomic profiling of
liquid Echinacea medicinal products inhibiting Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). Planta medica 76: 378–385.
W4-04
Ethnopharmacology and Systems biology: a perfect holistic match
R. Verpoorte
Department of Pharmacognosy, Section Metabolomics, Institute of Biology Leiden, PO Box 9502, 2300RA Leiden, The Netherlands. [email protected]
There are many definitions of systems biology. But basically systems biology is an unbiased measurement of as many different
parameters as possible under different conditions (e.g. healthy versus diseased organism, e.g. plants or humans) and uses various
statistical/mathematical methods to determine possible correlations between the observations made. This can be, for example,
correlations between certain compounds of the metabolome of the organism and a disease. In case of a medicinal plant it concerns
searching for correlations between compounds found in the plant and the activity. With other words there is no starting hypothesis, systems biology is fully based on observations, which are subsequently analyzed using various chemometric methods to find
possible correlations between the different data, and based on that try to find (novel) explanations for what is observed. I.e. the
hypothesis is made after the experiments.
The methods used in systems biology include metabolomics (determining as many as possible metabolites in an organism, or in
an extract), proteomics (to determine possible changes in an organism on the level of proteins) and transcriptomics (which should
detect up- and down regulated genes), as well as all kind of physiological measurements (e.g. plant growth; leave size; blood pressure). Such a systems biology approach is quite promising as, for example, for phytomedicines it offers new possibilities to relate
activity to certain compounds, including the possibility to detect synergy and pro-drugs, which can not be found in a reductionist
approach such as bioassay-guided fractionation.
References: 1. Mei Wang, R.J.A.N. Lamers, H.A.A.J. Korthout, J.H.J. van Nesselrooij, R.F. Witkamp, R. van der Heijden, R. Verpoorte
and J. van der Greef. Metabolomics in the context of systems biology: Bridging traditional Chinese medicine and molecular pharmacology.
Phytother. Res. 19(2005)173-182. 2. R Verpoorte, Y.H. Choi and H.K. Kim. Ethnopharmacology and systems biology: a perfect holistic match.
J. Ethnopharmacol. 100 (2005): 53-56. 3. R.Verpoorte, Y.H. Choi, and H.K. Kim. NMR-based metabolomics at work in phytochemistry.
Phytochem. Rev. 6(2007) 3-14. 4 R. Verpoorte, Y.H. Choi, R.N. Mustafa, and H.K. Kim. Metabolomics: back to basics. Phytochem. Rev.,
7(2008)525-538.
172
W4-05
Synergy in herbal medicines
E.M. Williamson
University of Reading School of Pharmacy, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP, Berkshire, UK.
Plant extracts are complex mixtures, and this is often suggested as one of the main therapeutic advantages of using herbal medicines over pure single compounds. Multiple constituents may interact with different targets, or modify the effects of each other
at the same target. Synergism is considered to be one of the most important phenomena involved when the effect of a compound
is augmented by the presence of another, however proving synergy is challenging and the terminology is often used incorrectly.
"Synergism", "additivity" and "antagonism" are terms applied to combinations where all components induce the effect of interest,
whereas "potentiation" should be used where an inactive compound enhances the effect of another active, and "inhibition" where
an inactive component reduces the effect of an active compound. "Masking" is when components have opposite effects, resulting
in no overall activity being observed from the combination. Together, these are now usually referred to as "multi-factorial effects"
to cover a multitude of mechanisms and scenarios which include: a single compound interacting with multiple targets; several
compounds interacting with the same target (which may include synergy); multiple compounds affecting different but related targets; and the metabolism and/or bioavailability of an active being altered by other components of the extract. These multifactorial
effects are sometimes described as the "herbal shotgun" approach, compared to that of a single substance acting at a single target,
or the "silver bullet" approach (1-3). There are widespread implications arising from the presence of synergistic and multifactorial
effects: for example the use of herbal extracts and mixtures may offer a safer clinical approach than isolated compounds, since
lower doses of a compound may be effective if present as part of a mixture, thus minimising side effects (4), and a natural "cocktail"
of ingredients may also help to avoid some problems of drug resistance. There are also important consequences for the development of herbal medicines and natural product drugs, since drug discovery from natural sources usually relies upon bioassay-led
isolation to identify the "active molecule". However, if multifactorial effects are responsible for the activity in question, once some
of the relevant compounds are removed, activity is lost (5). Therefore, to ensure reproducible therapeutic effects, standardisation of
extracts becomes very important, and a specific extract may need to be considered the "active pharmaceutical ingredient" (API) of
a herbal medicine. These principles will be discussed with reference to examples.
References: 1. Williamson E (2001) Synergy and other interactions in phytomedicines. Phytomedicine. 8(5): 401-409. 2. Spelman K et
al (2006) in Natural products from plants Vol 2, ed: PB Kaufmann, 475-501, CRC Press. 3. Wagner H, Ulrich-Merzenich G (2009) Synergy
research: approaching a new generation of phytopharmaceuticals Phytomedicine 16 (2-3): 97-110. 4. Ernst E (2003) Herbal medicines put
into context. BMJ 327, 881-2. 5. Houghton P (2000) Use of small-scale bioassays in the discovery of novel drugs from natural sources
Phytother. Res. 14 (6): 419-423.
W5-01
How to write and submit a world class paper
R. Verpoorte
Department of Pharmacognosy, Section Metabolomics, Institute of Biology Leiden, PO Box 9502, 2300RA Leiden, The Netherlands. [email protected]
Science is based on communication: communication between scientists to share their results, their ideas; communication with
the public about what science mean for the society; communication with authorities to get funding; communication with students
to teach knowledge and to educate. Science itself is built upon all the results produced by researchers in many institutes all over
the world. Each result being a small brick of the large building of knowledge we are creating. These results we communicate via
scientific papers which are published in journals, where they are stored as hardcopies all over the world, and which nowadays are
stored and can be retrieved electronically. Any result produced and published will be stored and can used by others. The value of a
result is determined by its originality, and of course should be the result of a proper experimental design.
The role of scientific journals is to facilitate the communication between scientists, to control the quality and the originality of the
reported experiments, and to store and disseminate the information.
In this whole process the writing of the communication is a crucial step. Most researchers see the need but do not really enjoy
writing. Writing a paper is a long process, first the idea needs an incubation time in your mind, where the idea gradually is growing
into a plan how to do it. This plan will result in a first draft, followed by many versions in which the different authors help to polish
the paper into a final manuscript for submission. The objectives of the study and the paper play a central role in this process, by
clearly defining these the writing of the introduction becomes easier. By first trying to find the best way to show the results in
figures and/or tables the writing of the results and discussion becomes easier.
The workshop will go through step by step the different aspects of writing, coming from idea to final paper, seen through the eyes
of an author, a reviewer and an editor. One should be aware of the unwritten rules about who are authors and in which sequence;
the rules for titles and abstracts, for figures, tables and their legends; and last but not least the specific written rules in "Instruction to authors" that each journal has. Knowing and obeying the rules will certainly help in getting your paper published, but with
rejection rates for most journals being over 80% nowadays you and me regularly will experience that a paper is rejected. But one
should not be discouraged by that, one should see it as a learning experience, like anything in science you will know how to do
better next time. For every experiment one does, one knows better how to do the next. So write, write, write!
W6-01
173
Continuum betwween ritual and medicinal plant uses
C. Weckerle
Ethnobotany studies the interactions between plants and people and foremost among these the management of wild plant resources and the traditional use of medicinal plants. In many cultures, not only medicinal plants, but also rituals and the use of ritual
plants for healing are essential. However, ethnic groups take advantage of medicinal plants to different degrees. While some have
a broad knowledge on medicinal plant uses, others rely mainly on the use of rituals and ritual plants to treat diseases and support
well-being. To tackle the question, why the use of a given medicinal flora can differ largely between neighbouring ethnic groups
and local communities, we take a closer look at the specific characteristics of ritual plants and their uses. This workshop focuses
on the continuum between medicinal and ritual uses of plants, on the different types of ritual plants, and on the rationale for the
use of specific plants in a ritual context. Certainly, the use of incense plants is important among ritual plant uses. A special focus
will therefore be on plants which are burned or roasted for application.
W6-02
Plants in the Polish church calendar and their apotropaic and medicinal functions
L. Luczaj
Academy of Humanities and Economics in Łód ź, Poland. E-mail: [email protected]
Background: Peasant life in rural Poland was strongly tied to the cycle of seasonal agricultural activities. Magical means, combining pagan and Christian beliefs, were employed to provide for the well-being of the farm. Plants were often used in these practices. There is a need for an overview of the knowledge about the ritual plants of Poland. Although we have an immense quantity of
ethnobotanical documentation, including 19th century voucher specimens of plants blessed on Assumption Day and 20th century
maps of tree species used to decorate houses at Pentecost, these traditions are now decreasing and one of them is already extinct
(decorating thatched roofs with certain apotropaic species on St. John’s eve).
Objectives: The aim of the study is to present ritual plant use in the Polish church calendar and to discuss the relationship between the ritual and medicinal plants used.
Methods: Literature data were used as well as the results of photographic documentation performed in 2008-2009 in selected
localities.
Results and conclusion:
1. On Palm Sunday oblong structures are woven using plant material, and blessed as "palms". 2. On the day of Pentecost house
walls are decorated with certain trees species (mainly Tilia and Betula or Acorus calamus. 3. On the eighth day after Corpus
Christi (in June), Oktawa Bo źego Ciała, wreaths of predominantly medicinal plants were woven and brought to church. They
were later hung on the premises and used as incense to protect from summer thunderstorms, to smudge ill people and animals,
or as infusions. In some areas of Poland (e.g. S and SE) the wreaths are mixed, whereas in NE Poland each medicinal species is
woven into a separate wreath. 4. On the 15th of August (Assumption Day) special bouquets are brought to churches, containing
medicinal and apotropaic plants, cereals, vegetables and fruits.
The above mentioned traditions are still practised throughout the whole country although the state of their preservation varies.
They are an important reservoir of the knowledge about medicinal plants. Some plants, formerly used in Ethnomedicine, are
now remembered only as ritual plants. Comparison with the 19th century data shows that the use of around 50% of species has
ceased. On the other hand some new medicinal, crop and ornamental plants have been added.
Keywords: apotropaic, transmission of ethnobotanical knowledge, Assumption Day, Corpus Christi, photographs.
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Continuum of medicinal and ritual plant uses in the eastern Himalayas
C. Weckerle
Background: In the foothills of the eastern Himalayas, China, we find diverse ethnic groups living in an environment characterized
by a high biodiversity and known for a rich medicinal flora. While some of the groups have a broad knowledge on medicinal plant
uses, others rely mainly on the use of rituals and so-called ritual plants to treat diseases and support well-being. Similar observations are known from other regions of the world.
Objectives: Knowledge of ritual plants and their uses among different Tibeto-Burman ethnic groups in the Shuiluo Valley, Southwest Sichuan, as well as among ritual specialists is analyzed comparatively.
Methods: Repeated field studies in the area, conduction of semi-structured interviews, pilesorts of plants and photos, participatory observation.
Results and conclusions: Ritual plants are commonly used among the ethnic groups in the Shuiluo Valley and related knowledge
is widespread. While the use of ritual plants may be traced back to ancient Bön-traditions, nowadays the influence of Tibetan
Buddhism is getting stronger and influences the local interpretation of rituals and ritual plant use.
Different types of ritual plants are distinguished: incense plants burned fresh or dry to please the deities and ancestors and thus
to support well being of the communities and families, evergreen plants to invite the deities, and spiny plants to drive ghosts off.
The plants are chosen according to different characteristics such as smell, color and quality of smoke, and habitat. A north-south
gradient can be found in the valley regarding the taxa used.
The daily use of ritual plants links the people with the surrounding landscape and reflects a notion of place and identity.
Keywords: Ethnobotany, ritual plants, incense, China, Tibetan Buddhism.
W6-04
Meaning and medicinal plants: how the meaning of plants influences their effectiveness in human
populations
D.E. Moerman, W.E. Stirton
University of Michigan – Dearborn (USA)
In this illustrated presentation, I argue that many medicinal plants gain at least some of their effectiveness from their meanings
rather than their biological constituents. For example, it is unlikely that an ethnopharmacologist will be able, in her laboratory,
to find appropriate secondary compounds in a plant used by some indigenous people for protecting an infant from evil spirits as
she sleeps in her crib. At the same time, anyone familiar with the Ethnopharmacology of native peoples anywhere recognizes that
plants are used at least as often for such purposes - witchcraft protections, sports medicines (allowing one to run faster while
in a race or while playing a game like lacrosse), hunting medicines to make arrows fly true, medicines to bring back a wandering
spouse, or to weaken an opponent in warfare, etc. - that such treatments are at least as common as are treatments for colds,
wounds, sore eyes, rheumatism, etc. And they are often the same plants.
In particular, I will consider the use of cranesbills (Geranium maculatum, Geraniaceae) by the Iroquois, and yarrow (Achillea millefolium, Asteraceae) by the ancient Greeks, plus a range of other familiar plants as used by native Americans and others. I will also
argue that meaning cannot be detected in a laboratory, but can only be gained by talking with the users of the plants; if one has
collected all the medicinal plants and the voucher specimens, and has collected all the native names and uses, but has not asked
about the plants" meanings, the work is not over, but has hardly begun.
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Masterwort and palm fronds – examples of plant burning in alpine regions of Austria and Switzerland
A. Poncet a, b, S. Grasser a, C. Weckerle b
a
Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences BOKU, Gregor Mendel Strasse 33, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. E-mail: [email protected]
b
Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zürich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zürich, Switzerland.
Background: In Europe, ritual plant burning is not a common practice of the medicinal system nowadays. Nevertheless, plant
burning is practiced traditionally in some rural societies. This contribution presents two examples encountered during ongoing
ethnobotanical projects in the Grosses Walsertal, Austria, and in the region of the Napf, Switzerland.
Objectives: The aim of the two projects is to document traditional ecological knowledge and local plant use as expression of cultural identity, thus also practices of plant burning related to religious beliefs and life conditions within the specific cultural context.
Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with inhabitants of the two respective areas. Participatory observation was
used to identify the plant species and to gain deeper insight in the practices.
Results and conclusions: The masterwort (Peucedanum ostruthium (L.) W.D.J. Koch) is known as a medicinal plant in the
Grosses Walsertal. Internal and external uses for different health problems are reported. The smoke of the burned root is said
to be disinfectant. It is used in Ethnoveterinary medicine, but fumigation is also practiced ritually at special days of the year like
Christmas, New Year’s Eve and Epiphany.
Palm fronds are small bunches of several twigs (e.g. Salix sp., Ilex aquifolium L.) differently combined in the Napf-region and the
Grosses Walsertal. The palm fronds are taken to church and blessed during the mass of Palm Sunday. The blessed palm fronds are
then kept at home to protect the family and its livestock from harm during the whole year. If a thunderstorm is coming up, a twig
of the palm frond is burnt in order to avert the danger.
Similar practices of plant burning are known for example from the the Val d’Anniviers, Switzerland (Masterwort) and from Tyrol,
Austria (palm fronds). Plant burning is thus practiced in alpine regions of Europe, but not systematically investigated.
Keywords: Ethnobotany, ritual plants, Ethnoveterinary medicine, traditional ecological knowledge.
W6-06
Ritual Healing and the use of Plant Substances in Western Kenya
F. Okwaro
Department of Anthropology, South Asia Institute, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
In the aftermath of the 1978 Alma-Ater conference and the World Health Organization’s exhortation to African countries to embrace traditional medicine, many African countries initiated programs aimed at analyzing the therapeutic effects of traditional
remedies with a view to incorporating them in formal health care programmes. While this was a commendable step, a closer look
at this directive and the ways in which it has been actualized in Africa shows that it does not extend to ritual healing. Most of the
initiatives in this regard have concentrated more on herbalism with the setting up of laboratories aimed at not only ascertaining
the therapeutic efficacy of herbs, but creating grounds for their mass industrial production. The result has been the stripping off,
of the ritual aspects in the production and consumption of herbs in the healing process. These developments have however not
dampened the presence of ritual healers and ritual healing in Africa. Outside the bio-prospecting and standardization associated
with the WHO initiative, one finds a parallel and thriving ritual healing practice that incorporates the use of effective physical
and pharmacologic therapies operating at community level and tied to local contexts in Africa. The success or popularity of these
healing practices is tied more to the manipulation by healers of the cosmological repertoire that not only defines health and illness
but defines the appropriate mechanisms for amelioration of social, physical and psychological imbalances. In this paper, I use the
example of Francis Shisia, a famous ritual healer in Western Kenya whose healing rituals combine the use of herbal remedies in
dealing with the myriad of problems brought to his attention by his clients. I argue that with the "modernization" of healing practices in Africa, ritual healers maintain their popularity more from their ability to locate etiology within the African cosmology and to
discern healing techniques that are sensitive to the understanding of health and disease within this cosmology. With the advancement in means of transport and communication, ritual healers such as Shisia can obtain a wide range of herbal remedies from
within and outside their localities that they incorporate in their overall corpus of healing techniques. Once the cause and range of
an affliction has been determined to the satisfaction of the clients through divination, healing becomes primarily a function of a
successful diagnosis while the use of the pharmacopeia and other reconstructive strategies play a secondary role.
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W6-07
A continuum between pharmacognosy and ritual use in medicinal plants in mother roasting and
steam sauna in tropical Asia and the Pacific: meta-analysis of 100 studies
H.J. de Boer
Department of Systematic Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvagen 18D, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden.
Medicinal plants have a significant role in regulating pregnancy, during pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum care in many rural
areas of the world. Plants used in women’s health related conditions such as female fertility, menorrhea, birth control, pregnancy,
birth, postpartum and lactation, including infant care, have been documented for many ethnic groups. In Western traditional medicine the label "old wives" tales" has been applied to all knowledge of interest to women – fertility, birth, childcare – transmitted
orally from one generation of women to the next, and the derogatory label reflects male devaluation and relegation to folklore
of this exclusively female realm of knowledge. This had led to a male bias in research, and scholars have missed a wealth of
knowledge that is held by women.
This study compares plant species used mainly for volatile oil content in mother roasting, steamsauna and steambath rituals to
other uses reported for these species in women’s healthcare in Southeast Asia. The hypothesis is that species reported in multiple
studies are more likely to have volative oils containing bioactive secondary metabolites through which the traditional ritual use can
be explained, than those that are mentioned only once, which may have other necessary functions in the traditional use. Unicates
are also more likely to be reported for benign ailments or chronic complaints related to women’s healthcare, and merge seamlessly
into the realm of ritual use.
W6-08
Ongoing study on incense and ritual plant use by the Bai people in Shaxi, China
P. Staub, C. Weckerle
Institute for Systematic Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, Zurich, Switzerland
Background: Humans use smoke since ancient times in rituals and as medicine (1,2). In Shaxi, a remote valley in the Hengduan
mountains of Southwest China (Yunnan province), the majority Bai people and neighbouring ethnic groups use incense and ritual
plants for various religious purposes. The main goal of this study is therefore a comparative analysis of these plants and their use,
as well as finding a rationale for the selection of the specific plants.
Objectives: Documentation and analysis of incense and ritual plant uses and related knowledge, practises, and believes by the
Bai and neighbouring ethnic groups in Shaxi.
Identification of the volatile compounds of the incense and analysis of the correlation between the compounds and specific uses.
Methods: During fieldwork in Shaxi (September 2009 and May-July 2010), semi-structured interviews, participant observation
and pile sorting are used to document the local knowledge; All relevant plant species are vouchered; Volatile compounds of the
smoke are collected using the headspace sorption method and analysed at the Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zurich,
Switzerland, with a gas chromatographer with mass selective detector (GC-MS).
Results and conclusions: ongoing.
Keywords: Ethnobotany, Shaxi, Yunnan, Southwest China, incense, ritual plant, Bai, ethnic minority.
References: 1. Mohagheghzadeh A et al. (2006) Medicinal smokes. JET, 108:161 -184. 2. Zhou, Xun Yu; Gilman, Sander L. (2004) Smoke:
a global history of smoking. London: Reaktion Books.
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177
East meets West– From Traditional Chinese Medicine to Modern Phytomedicines
De-An Guo a, M. Heinrich b
a
Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai. b Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, The School of Pharmacy, University of
London, 29 - 39 Brunswick Sq. London, WC1N 1AX, UK.
Traditional Chinese medicine has been practiced in China for thousands of years and played a vital role in treating various diseases
along the civilization of Chinese people, and continues to be popular in modern society, perhaps due to epidemics like HIV/AIDS,
malaria and other diseases like cancer. But due to the complexity and lack of modern scientific knowledge of Chinese Medicine, it
is still hard to be recognized and accepted by the modern world. While it has become an important part of health care in Europe,
North America and Australia, genuine concerns have been raised by the public and contemporary scientists and health practitioners about the efficacy, safety and quality of traditional Chinese medicine. This symposium is intended to address global and
national perspectives of traditional Chinese medicine use and efforts that have been directed toward bridging the gap between the
science of traditional Chinese medicine development and its acceptance by contemporary health care researchers and providers.
W7-02
Anti-oxidant and anti-fatigue and immune modulations of mixture of Ganoderma lucidum, American Ginseng and Fermentation Cordyceps in rats and mice
A. Lu, X. He
China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China, Tel: 86-10-64067611, Fax: 86-10-84032881, [email protected])
Ganoderma lucidum, American Ginseng and Fermentation Cordyceps are commonly used as the reinforcing medicines in China,
and the mixture of extracts from Ganoderma lucidum, American Ginseng and Fermentation Cordyceps (GGF) has been proved by
State Food and Drug Administration of China as a healthy product for anti-fatigue and immune modulation. The pharmacological
activities of GGF on anti-oxidant, anti-fatigue and immune regulation function were investigated. Normal SD rats Balb/c mice
or immunosuppressive Balb/c mice were orally given GGF for 10 days. Body weight and burden swimming time were detected,
levels of serum SOD, MDA , urea nitrogen and IFN-γ were analyzed by corresponding kits, ratio of CD4+T cell with CD8+T cell in
peripheral blood and NK cell activity were detected by FACS. The results showed that GGF could obviously increase serum SOD
level and decrease serum MDA level in normal SD rats. It could also significantly enhance the burden swimming time in normal
mice and decrease the rising content of serum urea nitrogen after strenuous exercise. In addition, GGF was able to improve the
ratio of peripheral CD4+/CD8+ T cells, promote the expression of IFN-γ, and enhance the activity of NK cells in immunosuppressive
mice. The immune regulatory function of GGF was better than using either Ganoderma lucidum, or American Ginseng or Fermentation Cordyceps alone. It was concluded that GGF could enhance anti-oxidant effect, relieve physical fatigue and improve immune
regulation function.
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W7-03
Learning History to Develop Traditional Chinese Medicine
W.D. Zhang
Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University. No. 325 Guohe Road,
Shanghai 200433, P. R. China. [email protected]
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been proved to be remarkable effective and safe by thousands of years clinic practices.
Its unique diagnosis and treatment methods, the particular thinking when medicating are favorably recognized by more and more
peoples and countries. However, the active constituents and molecular mechanisms related to their therapeutic effectiveness are
still unclear. I highlight here that learning the valuable traditional experiences of TCM instead of using TCM only as a source of
natural compounds, and employing various modern chemical and biological technologies is the short cut way for investigation the
effective foundation of TCM, which allows the discovery of numerous leading compounds with diverse structure and novel molecular mechanism in our lab. The research work following the above ideas has provided lots of scientific evidence to the efficacy and
safety of TCM and contributed to the modernization and globalization of TCM. In this presentation, I will introduce some recent
work of my lab as examples to demonstrate and highlight that learning from the history is the better way of facing future in TCM
study.
W7-04
Aconitum in Traditional Chinese Medicine. A valuable drug or an unpredictable risk?
B. Kopp
Department of Pharmaocognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
In Traditional Chinese Medicine, in contrary to the European methods, herbal drugs are - in addition to drying and cutting - further
processed by often complex methods. One of the main reasons behind this kind of thorough preparation is the detoxification of
toxic herbal drugs into pharmacologically active but non-toxic products (1-3).
Chinese traditional processing methods have played an essential role in detoxification of Aconitum that can cause fatal cardiac
poisoning when it is processed improperly. The toxicity of Aconitum is mainly caused by the diester diterpene alkaloids (DDAs),
namely aconitine, mesaconitine and hypaconitine.
In the Chinese Pharmapoeia 2005 (2) Yanfuzi, Heishunpian and Baifupian are recorded as the main products of Aconitum. These
products are obtained by variations in heating of the crude roots in salted water. The toxic DDAs decompose during the heating
process into monoester diterpene alkaloids (MDAs) which reduces the toxicity. Modern processing techniques have been developed in China such as pressure-steaming. Because of the remaining high potential toxicity, quality control of marketed herbal drugs
and their products is indispensable (4).
In different publications the DDA contents of marketed drugs were determined by HPLC, reaching maximum values of 0.03%. A
stipulation for a maximum level of DDA content of Aconitum is urgently needed, for example not exceeding 0.03%. The maximum
level of DDA defined could be as standard for processing methods such as the pressure-steaming technique and alkaloid quantification by HLPC to ensure product safety.
References: 1. Bensky, D., Clavey S, Stöger E, Gamble A (2004). Chinese Herbal Medicine Materia Medica Seattle, Eastland Press. 2.
Chin.Pharmacopoeia (2005). Pharmacopoeia of the people´s republic of China, People´s Medical Publishing House. 3. Proposal for European
Pharmacopoeia Commission: "Processing of TCM- Herbal Drugs" 4. Singhuber J., Zhu M., Prinz S., Kopp B. (2009) Aconitum in Traditional
Chinese Medicine - A valuable drug or an unpredictable risk? J Ethnopharmacol 126: 18-30.
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179
Authentication of plants used in medicines, especially traditional Chinese medicine: challenges
and opportunities
M.S.J. Simmonds, C. Leon, M.J. Howes, A. Paton, R. Allkin, G.C. Kite, E. Porter
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Richmond Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK.
We are in a decade when there is an increased interest in looking back as well as forward to the plant world for innovation in
drug design. However, there are some challenges that need to be overcome if the opportunities are to be realised. In the western
world some of the most difficult challenges are associated with getting leads through the different forms of legislation but there
are some basic research challenges that face the scientists at the early stage of a project. Have I collected all the published data
on the plant, how do I get research samples and could I get sustainable supplies? This talk will illustrate some of these challenges
that scientists need to address earlier rather than later if they are to get more of their leads to market. This talk will provide an
overview of how Kew has gone about developing a collection of species used in traditional Chinese medicines that can be used as
standards to check the identity and quality of plants entering the trade in Britain as well as supporting research on these species.
The collection contains samples for DNA based bar -coding, chemical fingerprinting and anatomical analysis as well as traditional
taxonomic specimens. It is also supported by knowledge about the names of the plants being traded.
W8-01
Las ONGs y la Etnobiología, Etnobotánica y Etnofarmacología
D. Rivera b, S. Cañigueral a
a
Fac. de Farmacia, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, España. b Fac. de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, España.
Antecedentes: La Etnofarmacología, Etnobotánica y Etnobiología han alcanzado un notable desarrollo como disciplinas científicas en la segunda mitad del siglo XX y el primer decenio del siglo XXI. Las publicaciones resultantes de estos trabajos han
contribuido a promover una conciencia global sobre el valor de los recursos naturales y de su aprovechamiento tradicional, de cara
a un desarrollo sostenible.
Por otra parte han surgido numerosas ONGs que, de diversos modos, incorporan criterios o procedimientos con base etnofarmacológica, etnobotánica o etnobiológica en sus programas rutinarios de actuación.
Objetivos: Promover la comunicación, el intercambio de experiencias y el conocimiento mútuo entre las diversas ONGs y los investigadores y docentes que participan en el congreso, orientado a estimular las sinergias entre loas aspectos teóricos y los aplicados.
Métodos: Presentación por parte de las diversas ONGs de sus objetivos y programas activos en una sesión específica del congreso, teniendo en cuenta la diversidad de estructura y orientación de cada una de ellas. Discusión en una mesa redonda de las
posibilidades de cooperación y mejora y propuesta de enfoques integradores.
Resultados y conclusiones: Esperamos que el foro que abrimos aquí pueda encontrar una continuidad y unas vías de colaboración entre las diversas ONGs y de éstas con los investigadores.
Palabras clave: Etnofarmacología, Etnobotánica, ONGs, Etnobiología.
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W8-02
Entre red temática caribeña y ONG internacional: TRAMIL, para identificar, validar, difundir usos
populares de plantas medicinales en relación a la APS.
L. Germosén-Robineau, I. Boulogne
TRAMIL/UAG, apdo 3370 Santo Domingo & Pointe à Pitre, Guadeloupe, el Caribe. www.tramil.net
Antecedentes: Con el fin de determinar los usos populares tradicionales de plantas medicinales en 30 territorios de la Cuenca
del Caribe, una metodología etnofarmacológica cuantitativa original (10% de las familias encuestadas, se descartan los usos
"anecdoticos" o circunstanciales no repetidos en mínimo 20% de las respuestas) tuvo que ser diseñada por TRAMIL en el año 1982
y vigente hasta hoy, en el marco de una investigación aplicada en Salud Pública.
Objetivos: Organizarse para racionalizar las prácticas de salud basadas en el uso de plantas medicinales alrededor de la Cuenca
Caribeña.
Métodos: La decisión de trabajar articulando universidades con servicios de salud en un marco de APS, nos llevo a conformar
una red pluridisciplinaria y multiinstitucional para diseñar una metodología de validación que analice la seguridad y actividades
biológicas de los usos significativos, respetando estrictamente la preparación y la vía de administración tradicionales.
Resultados y conclusiones: Finalmente elaboramos una estrategia de difusión (TRADIF) para su apropiación por los sistemas
oficiales de Atención Primaria de Salud del uso racional validado de plantas medicinales locales, así como la revinculación de
estos análisis a las poblaciones previamente encuestadas y/o participantes.
Palabras clave: Etnofarmacologia, plantas medicinales, atención primaria, Caribe, TRAMIL.
Agradecimientos: UAG, red TRAMIL.
Referencias: 1. TRAMIL (2005) "Farmacopea Vegetal Caribeña" segunda edición, Santo Domingo, Rep. Dominicana, 486pp ill. 2. TRAMIL
(2007) "Plantas medicinales caribeñas para la atención primaria", Manual práctico, Editions Palcograf, La Habana, Cuba, 118pp ill.
W8-03
El papel asociativo en la divulgación de la Etnobiología en el ámbito universitario
J.P. Marín, E. Carreño, S. Rams, I. Navarro, P. Martínez, G. Carrillo
Asociación Eubacteria - Oficina Verde de la Universidad de Murcia. Facultad de Biología, E.30100, Murcia, España.
Antecedentes: La Oficina Verde es una herramienta puesta al servicio de la defensa y el conocimiento de la naturaleza. Desde el
ámbito universitario se debe promover el espíritu crítico y ofrecer información y fuentes fiables para poder opinar sobre el estado
de nuestro planeta. El grupo de trabajo está compuesto por voluntarios miembros de la comunidad universitaria, estudiantes,
investigadores y profesores de las facultades de Biología, Educación y Químicas.
Objetivos: Desde el punto de vista didáctico y divulgativo es muy importante dar a conocer los usos de la flora y la fauna por el
ser humano. Las fórmulas tradicionales de gestión en el territorio son cruciales para la conservación de los recursos florísticos y
faunísticos bajo el principio del equilibrio frente al crecimiento.
Métodos: Se han elaborado material educativo y divulgativo en linea. Realizado visitas organizadas: a los jardines botánicos del
campus, al Museo de la Facultad de Biología. Cursos de promoción educativa sobre diversidad en la Región de Murcia; salidas
interdisciplinares al medio natural y un proyecto sobre recuperación de la cría del gusano de seda.
Para la realización de los materiales se han utilizado herramientas informáticas libres y novedosas que han permitido además
de divulgar estos proyectos la difusión de la revista editada por la Oficina Verde que se puede consultar en esta dirección www.
um.es/eubacteria
Resultados y conclusiones: durante los 12 años del proyecto de la Oficina Verde y de la revista Eubacteria se han desarrollado
10 proyectos anuales de voluntariado ambiental que han contado con la participación de una buena parte de los centros de secundaria de la Región así como de los estudiantes de la Univ. De Murcia. En el caso del gusano de seda se ha creado una red de
intercambio de simiente que ayudará a que esta tradición no se pierda.
Palabras clave: Divulgación científica, Educación Ambiental, Bombyx mori, Etnobiología.
W8-04
181
El papel de una ONG en la conservación de la biodiversidad agropecuaria.
J. Sánchez Balibrea, P. García Moreno, J.F. Martínez Pérez, J.M. Catarineu, P. López Barquero, C. Martínez Saura
Asociación de Naturalistas del Sureste. Pza Pintor José María Párraga nº 11 bajo 30.002 Murcia.
Antecedentes: La regresión de variedades tradicionales y razas autóctonas constituye uno de los fenómenos más preocupantes
de pérdida de biodiversidad. La Asociación de Naturalistas del Sureste (ANSE) viene desarrollado diversas iniciativas de mantenimiento y recuperación de la diversidad agropecuaria.
Objetivos: La Asociación ha desarrollado diversas iniciativas que pretenden:
a) Conservar razas ganaderas y variedades tradicionales de plantas cultivadas.
b) Divulgación de la diversidad agropecuaria tradicional.
c) Puesta en valor de la biodiversidad doméstica y agricultura ecológica.
Métodos: Los métodos aplicados para la consecución de los objetivos han sido:
a) Propagación, conservación y distribución de material. Cesiones gratuitas.
b) y c) Edición de material divulgativo accesible (póster, folletos, guía e inventario on line). Visitas de escolares y estudiantes.
Charlas de formación. Noticias en medios de comunicación. Comercialización a través de un grupo de consumo responsable
"Coccinela".
Resultados y conclusiones: Más de medio centenar de variedades tradicionales y razas ganaderas se encuentran conservadas
y son accesibles. Los ciudadanos disponen de material divulgativo e interpretativo y unas 150 familias pueden adquirir productos.
Además, un millar de escolares visitan el proyecto. En definitiva, las ONG, especialmente aquellas de carácter ambientalista,
deben integrar la conservación de la diversidad agropecuaria en sus iniciativas.
Palabras clave: ONG, variedades tradicionales, razas autóctonas, conservación, biodiversidad.
W8-05
Recuperación, sensibilización y fomento del uso de las plantas medicinales tradicionales en la
ciudad de Bukavu (R. D. del Congo)
J. García Botía
Umoya-Comité de Solidaridad con África Negra- de Albacete España.
Antecedentes: Umoya-Comité de Solidaridad con África Negra- de Albacete está llevando a cabo junto a Afia ni haki, una
asociación de la ciudad de Bukavu (R. D. del Congo) un proyecto de recuperación, sensibilización y fomento del uso de las plantas
medicinales tradicionales en esta ciudad africana. Las condiciones de pobreza son extremas de manera que la mayor parte de
la población, cuando enferma, carece de asistencia sanitaria ya que aún recibiéndola gratis no dispone de dinero para pagar el
coste de las medicinas. La colonización supuso para ellos, entre otras pérdidas, la pérdida de la soberanía sanitaria. Los ritos y
concepciones de los curanderos tradicionales fueron estigmatizados como "obras del demonio", siendo incluso perseguidos a nivel
local. Las guerras que ha sufrido la región agrava el problema ya que han producido la muerte de gran parte de los "ancianos" y
mayores, los conocedores de los saberes tradicionales. El proyecto cuenta con el apoyo económico del Ayuntamiento de Casas
Ibáñez (Albacete) y la congregación religiosa de las Hermanas Ursulinas
Objetivos: recuperación, sensibilización y fomento del uso de las plantas medicinales tradicionales en esta ciudad africana
Métodos: Hasta la fecha de hoy se está trabajando a nivel de sensibilización en barrios pobres intentando restaurar la confianza
en las plantas medicinales como recurso autónomo que puede mejorar el nivel sanitario en la zona. También se han buscado en
la ciudad a personas conocedoras de las plantas y otros recursos medicinales locales, pidiéndoles colaboración con el proyecto.
Resultados y conclusiones: Se dispone en estos momentos de información de unas 150 plantas medicinales y sus usos. En la
sede de la asociación local se ha creado un jardín con las plantas medicinales locales que se consideran más útiles.
A principios de 2010 empezamos una segunda fase en donde, con la colaboración de un curandero local, se está empezando a
tratar a algunas personas que acuden al centro pidiendo ayuda.
Palabras clave: Plantas medicinales, medicina popular, África, curanderos locales.
182
W8-06
Phytosalus (salud por las plantas)
C. Fernández de la Pradilla
[email protected], [email protected], http://www.medicina-natural.com/Phytosalus/index.htm
Phytosalus (salud por las plantas), se conoce en África Occidental y Central, Europa y América.
En 1981, un padre blanco de origen español llamado César Fernández de la Pradilla formó un equipo inicial de herbolarios de cinco
miembros jóvenes procedentes de los pobladores del pueblo Pabré en un seminario menor, donde enseñó ciencias naturales. Frente a la fuerte demanda de los pacientes, principalmente de la capital a unos veinte kilómetros, la Cooperativa de Hierbas Pabré
decidió instalarse en Uagadugú.
En 1993, tuvo su reconocimiento oficial. Desde 25 de mayo 1999, un acuerdo firmado con el Gobierno de Burkina Faso le concedió
el estatus de organización no gubernamental (ONG) para la medicina tradicional.
En la actualidad, emplea Phytosalus a veinte personas, cuenta con un laboratorio para la preparación de medicinas tradicionales
mejoradas, un centro polivalente en Ouagadougou, y sucursales en el país y el extranjero. Además de contribuir a la creación y
operación de redes y asociaciones de curanderos tradicionales, Phytosalus es ahora un socio y un interlocutor de los agentes de
salud pública, los organismos e instituciones que participan en programas de desarrollo en la base.
W8-07
Jardins du monde
J.P. Nicolas
Fundador de la ONG "Jardins du monde" - Bretaña – Francia. www.jardinsdumonde.org
Esta breve presentación tratará la importancia de las plantas para la ciencia, pero sobre todo para la salud de la humanidad que
no tiene acceso a la medicina "moderna".
El 80% de la población del planeta dispone de sólo del recurso de las plantas y de los saberes de la medicina tradicional.
En base a la demanda de determinadas comunidades humanas, JDM valoriza las plantas medicinales en la salud humana y animal.
A partir de la confección de jardines medicinales, JDM capacita a las poblaciones locales en atención a la salud y en el uso y
gestión de las plantas.
Esta asociación humanitaria interviene en Centro América, África Occidental, Madagascar y el Himalaya (Tíbet y Mongolia).
A partir de algunos ejemplos tomados de los diferentes proyectos de JDM, presentamos une metodología apropiada en el desarrollo de las farmacopeas tradicionales en los países del Sur.
Durante esta intervención, se abordarán los siguientes temas:
a) Metodología etnobotánica de JDM.
b) Investigaciones científicas.
c) Organización con las comunidades.
d) Creación de jardines pedagógicos y de producción.
e) Elaboración de documentos pedagógicos.
f) Capacitación de la población y del personal de salud.
W8-08
183
Traditional Medicine in the Tibet and "Jardins du Monde Montagnes"
A. Mercan
Jardins du Monde Montagnes, France. [email protected]
For many years native or traditional pharmacopoeia have been studied from an ethno-anthropological perspective which focuses
on usage, rather than on the nature and exploitation of specific medicinal properties, as is the case with anthropological studies
of medicine. The recent fascination of western medicine for these pharmacopoeia however has effectively impacted their material
identity in incorporating them into the mass-market phenomenon of "complementary and alternative medicines" as evinced by the
diffusion of a Tibetan mushroom currently marketed in Africa as a treatment for AIDS. Establishing the life-cycle of a materially
and symbolically changing medical object requires studying it in its different geographical and cultural contexts. The biological
characteristics of this object determine its chemical fluctuation and thus the extent to which it can be standardized. The commercial cultivation of this object impacts its "natural" identity and frequently destabilizes the local economy from which it originates.
Subsequent inevitable modifications brought to bear on the medical object reveal the various stages of its manufacture. Commodification, mass production, and global diffusion alter its original properties, threaten its status as a natural resource, and generate
considerable economic and political stakes. Chinese and North American (USA) efforts to establish intellectual copyright for the
clinical value of a "natural" cure and its "traditional" uses call attention to the matters of biodiversity and biological pirating. The
wide-ranging circulation of information and increased marketability occasioned by the Internet undermine legislative control and
attest to the exaggerated influence of the media. The anthropology of science is particularly useful in analyzing the pharmacological discourses surrounding the legitimization of traditional pharmacopoeia, and in identifying the cultural components of ancillary
discourses used to valorize the medical product as natural and exotic, not to say miraculous. However, to explore fully the sanitary,
environmental, and social consequences of such products and their massive diffusion gives cause to consider the elaboration of
an "anthropology of phytomedicine".
W8-09
La Sociedad Española de Fitoterapia y el uso de los preparados a base de plantas medicinales
S. Cañigueral a,b, B. Vanaclocha a,c
a
Sociedad Española de Fitoterapia. [email protected]
b
Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona. Barcelona (España).
c
Revista de Fitoterapia. Cita Publicaciones y Documentación. Carlet (Valencia, España).
La Sociedad Española de Fitoterapia, Asociación para el Desarrollo y Estudio de las Plantas Medicinales y sus Aplicaciones
(SEFIT), es una sociedad científica que aglutina a los profesionales de diversos campos (universidad, industria, oficina de
farmacia, consulta médica, etc.) con el objetivo de promover la investigación, la difusión y el uso terapéutico de las drogas
vegetales y sus derivados, en el marco del uso racional y de los criterios científicos, al objeto de favorecer la salud de la
población.
La acción de la SEFIT se desarrolla principalmente a través de la organización de congresos y jornadas específicas sobre
sectores terapéuticos, la participación en actividades docentes para profesionales y la difusión de información a través
de la Revista de Fitoterapia (órgano oficial de la SEFIT que todos los asociados reciben gratuitamente). Además, la SEFIT
colabora con otras sociedades científicas y profesionales en numerosas actividades, y actúa como entidad consultora del
Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo en relación con iniciativas legislativas que le puedan concernir.
SEFIT es miembro de ESCOP (European Scientific Cooperative on Phytotherapy) y CIAF (Consejo/Conselho Iberoamericano
de Fitoterapia).
Para más información: http://www.fitoterapia.net/sefit/sefit.php y página 197 de este libro de resúmenes.
Palabras clave: Fitoterapia, SEFIT, Jornadas, Congresos, ESCOP, CIAF, Revista.
184
Índice de autores
Author index
Abad MJ
Abdukerim K
Abo, K
Acedo C
Aceituno-Mata L
Acero N
Adams M
Afshar A
Aguirre-Marco CP
Ahrazem O
Aikemu A
Akerreta S
Alacid M
Alarcon R
Albertin V
Alcami J
Alcaraz F
Alencar NMN
Alessandrini Díaz M
Almeida ACA
Alonso A
Alonso GL
Alonso-Castro AJ
Alquini Y
Alves AB
Alves RRN
Allkin R
Amich F
Andreazza NL
Angeles-López G
Anllo Naveiras J
Anllo Naveiras, C
Ansalaoni R
Antelo R
ISE3-P31, ISE3-P32, ISE3-P35
ISE3-P04
ISE3-O08
E1-P09, ISE2-P03
E1-O12, E1-O17, E1-P18, E7-O01,
E7-P01, W2-04
ISE3-P48
ISE3-P08, ISE3-P18, ISE5-O01
ISE3-P57
E6-O01, ISE3-P07, ISE5-O02
ISE3-P26, ISE3-P27
ISE3-P64
E1-P07, ISE1-P09, ISE3-P16
ISE3-P11
E1-O03, E1-P06
ISE1-O01
ISE3-P35
E1-P19, E1-P25, E1-P27, SE1-P21,
ISE2-O01, ISE6-P08
ISE3-P43, ISE3-P44
ISE3-P69
E1-P23, ISE3-P39, ISE3-P56
E1-P09, E1-P19
ISE3-P02
ISE3-P20
E8-P01
E8-P02
ISE3-P51
E3-P01, W7-05
E1-P08, ISE2-P02
ISE3-P15
ISE3-P55
E1-P26, E7-O04
E7-O04
E1-O21
E4-O03
Antunes Sampaio LK
Apaza L
Aragón P
Araújo ES
Argüello Van de Putte J
Arnason JT
Arteaga L
Arteaga Y
Ascensão L
Attieh L
Bah S
Baharara J
Bajo González L
Balick MJ
Ballinas J
Bandyopadhyay A
Barata AM
Barquero MT
Barraso Romero VM
Barros L
Bauer R
Bautista I
Bedoya LM
Benitez G
Benito M
Berke B
Berké B
Bermejo P
Bernabeu J
Bernal JM
Berruga MI
Berzas Nevado JJ
Betancourt Figueras Y
Bettencourt E
E1-P29
ISE3-P69
ISE3-P43
E1-O01
ISE3-P57
ISE3-P45
E1-P04, ISE6-P03
ISE1-P21
ISE3-O06
ISE5-P01
E8-O07
W2-09
E8-P03
ISE3-O02, ISE3-O03, ISE3-P01
E1-P15
E1-P12, ISE3-P65
E3-O03
E1-O20, E5-P01, ISE3-O09,
ISE6-P05
1KN-02
E1-P05, ISE3-P19
E1-P20, E1-P16, ISE1-P17,
ISE2-P06
ISE3-P07
ISE3-P64
ISE3-P04, ISE3-P53
E3-P02
E1-O09
ISE3-P02
ISE6-P04
E1-P15
Bhadra S
Biagetti S
Bitencourt FS
Blanco E
Blanco J
Bonamin F
Bonet MA
Boscaiu M
Botella-Miralles O
Botía J
Boulogne I
Bourdy G
Bradacs G
Brito GAC
Broadley KJ
Brun R
Brusotti G
Bucher SF
Bulut G
Bullón-Alcalá SR
Bussmann RW
Bustamante Costa J
Buxó R
Bwire J
Bye R
Caballero Roque A
Cabeza de Vaca MA
Caboni P
Cabras S
Caccialanza G
Cadme ML
Calatayud P
Calvet-Mir L
Calvo MI
Cámara M
Cámara-Leret R
Campagna MN
Caneva G
Cañigueral S
Capella S
Carabaza Bravo JM
Carballo L
ISE3-O03
ISE5-O06
ISE3-P44
E1-O18
E1-P02, ISE3-P09
E1-P31
E8-O05
E1-P05, ISE3-P19
ISE3-P27
E1-P28, E8-O08
W8-02
ISE1-P12
ISE1-O02
ISE3-P43
ISE3-P22
ISE3-P08, ISE3-P18
ISE3-O05, ISE3-P34
ISE1-P15
ISE2-P05
ISE3-P52
ISE3-P07, W2-02
E3-O01
PL-03
ISE1-O01
PL-01, ISE3-O04, ISE3-P54,
ISE3-P55
E8-P03
E1-P02
ISE3-P38
2PL-04
ISE3-O05, ISE3-P34
ISE3-P61, ISE3-P69
E1-P05
E7-P01, W2-04
E1-P07, ISE1-P09, ISE3-P16
E1-P14
SE1-O04
ISE1-P16
E5-P03, W2-05
ISE1-P06, ISE3-P66, W8-01,
W8-09
ISE3-P55
E3-O02, E3-O06
Cariñanos González P
Carmona M
Carrasco MC
Carreño E
Carretero ME
Carrillo G
Carrillo MH
Carrió E
Carrión MA
Carvalho AM
Cases MA
Casselman I
Castellar MR
Castro A
Casu L
Catarineu JM
Cavero RY
Cesari I
Cirera J
Claro S
Clavo Peralta M
Colombo ML
Confessor MVA
Cordero-Goad C
Correia AI
Costa CARA
Costa M
Cottiglia F
Coutiño Bello B
Criado J
Cristians S
Cuevas Moreno J
Chait G
Chan R
Chechetto F
Cheel J
Chen HB
Cheng X
Chèze C
Chłopecka M
Christensen SB
da Rocha LRM
da Silva G
185
E1-O04
ISE3-P02
E5-O01, E5-O02
E1-P27, E1-P25, ISE2-O01, W8-03
E1-P01
W8-03
ISE2-O01
E1-P03, E8-O01, ISE1-O03
E1-P25, E1-P27, E1-P32
E1-O07, E1-P15, E5-P01, E8-P02,
ISE3-O09, ISE6-P05
ISE3-P09
ISE1-P11
ISE3-P11
E5-P01
PL-04, ISE3-P38
W8-04
E1-P07, ISE1-P09, ISE3-P16
ISE3-O05, ISE3-P34
ISE3-P30
E5-P01
ISE1-P14
ISE6-P06
ISE3-P51
ISE3-P58
ISE1-P10
E1-P31, ISE3-P47
ISE3-P47
ISE3-P38
E6-O03
E1-O18
ISE3-O04, ISE3-P54, W1-01
E8-O07
ISE3-P07
ISE3-P07
ISE1-P22, ISE3-P42
ISE6-P01
ISE3-P28, ISE3-P40
ISE3-P04
ISE3-O01
ISE3-P25
E1-P31
ISE3-P30
186
da-Silva MS
Dacarro C
Damian GA
Dang Long K
Dasgupta S
Davanzo F
de Boer HJ
de Carvalho LM
de Lourenço CC
de Lucio Cazana J
de-Faria FM
Delgadillo J
Delporte C
Di Sapio O
Diallo S
Dias AS
Dias LS
Dias S
Díaz D
Díaz-García MC
Diniz MA
Donat P
Dong X
Duarte A
Duc Hiep N
Dunder RJ
Durán-Torres SM
Dziekan N
Efferth T
Effio-Carbajal J
Elisabetsky E
Eloff K
Eloff JN
Eskandari SA
Estrada O
Evans S
Fajardo J
Falé PL
Félis O
Feo-Brito F
Fernandes ASF
Fernandes E
ISE3-P56
ISE3-P34
ISE1-P22
ISE1-P01
ISE1-P03
ISE6-P06
W6-07
E1-O13
ISE3-P15
ISE1-P05
E1-O15, E1-P23, ISE3-P39,
ISE3-P56
ISE2-O01
ISE3-P12
ISE1-P16
ISE3-O06
E8-O06, ISE6-P02
E8-O06
E1-P15
ISE3-P07
ISE3-P11
E4-O01
E1-P05, ISE3-P19
ISE3-P28
ISE1-P10, ISE3-P30
ISE1-P01
E1-P23, ISE3-P39, ISE3-P56
ISE3-P50, ISE3-P52
ISE3-O01
ISE3-P41
ISE3-P07
2PL-09
W3-01
W3-03
ISE3-P17
ISE3-O10
ISE5-O03
E1-P21, E1-P22, E1-P28, E8-O08,
ISE1-P20, W2-06
E1-P04, ISE6-P03
ISE3-P04
ISE3-P27
ISE6-P05
ISE3-P32
Fernandes F
Fernández de la Pradilla C
Fernández MA
Fernández V
Fernández-González F
Ferreira AB
Ferreira ICFR
Ferro V
Fiebich BL
Figueiredo IST
Figueiredo JP
Figueroa-Cuilan W
Fischer M
Flores E
Floris C
Ford WR
Frazão-Moreira A
Frei Haller B
Freitas LBN
Fresquet-Febrer JL
Frías-Fernandez F
Fustukian S
Gaikwad J
Galván-Valencia M
Gantait A
Garcia Bermejo L
García Botía J
García D
García Gómez E
García L
García M
García MD
García Moreno P
García P
García Sánchez E
García-Barriuso M
García-Carrancá A
García-Macías BL
García-Mijangos I
García-Villaraco A
Garnatje T
Garreta R
Garrido YE
E1-O13
W8-06
E1-P13, ISE3-P24, ISE3-P29
E1-O17, E1-P14
E7-P02, ISE1-P19
ISE1-P22
E1-O20, ISE3-O09, ISE6-P05
ISE3-P06
ISE3-P41
ISE3-P43
ISE3-P44
ISE3-P58
W2-08
ISE3-P21
ISE3-P38
ISE3-P22
E1-O07, E4-O02
ISE1-O01
ISE3-P43
E6-O01, ISE5-O02
ISE3-P07
ISE1-P07
ISE3-P37
ISE3-P50, ISE3-P52
ISE3-P01
ISE1-P05
W8-05
E1-P02
E1-O14, ISE1-P18
ISE3-P28, ISE3-P40
ISE3-P49
E1-P10, E1-P13, ISE3-P24,
ISE3-P29
W8-04
E1-O17
E3-O02, E3-O06, E7-O03
E1-P08, ISE2-P02
ISE3-P20
ISE3-P50
E1-O06
E8-O03
E7-P01, E8-O01, ISE1-O03, W2-04
E8-O02
E1-P25, E1-P27
Gasparetto A
Gattuso M
Gavillán-Suárez J
Geller F
Germosén-Robineau L
Ghorbani B
Giovannini P
Girardi C
Gispert Cruells M
Glenn A
Gomes ET
Gómez-Gómez L
Gómez-Serranillos MP
Gonzales E
González Casal E
González Chévez L
González JA
Gonzalez-Espindola LA
González-Martínez R
González-Ponce HA
González-Tejero MR
Gordillo Martínez AJ
Goulart P
Grasser S
Gray A
Gregorio BB
Grisoli P
Grønhaug TE
Gschwind S
Guardado G
Güemes J
Guerra MJ
Guo DE
Guo P
Gutiérrez M
Haddad PS
Hamburger M
Hamed N
Han SM
Hanazaki N
Happar M
Harrington D
Harrison P
ISE3-P15
ISE1-P16
ISE3-P58
ISE3-P21
W8-02
ISE1-P15
ISE6-O01
ISE3-P04
E6-O03
ISE3-P07
E4-O01, ISE3-O07, ISE3-P30
ISE3-P26, ISE3-P27
E1-P01
ISE3-P31, ISE3-P35
E1-O04
E6-P01
E1-P08, ISE2-P02
ISE3-P20
ISE3-P20
ISE3-P52
E1-P16, E1-P20, ISE1-P17,
ISE2-P06
ISE1-P02
E1-P29
W2-03, W6-05
ISE3-P06
ISE3-P67
ISE3-P34
ISE3-O06
ISE3-P08
ISE3-P07
E1-P12, ISE3-P65
E1-P02
W7-01
ISE1-P08
E1-P02
ISE3-P57
ISE3-P08, ISE3-P18, ISE5-O01
ISE3-P06
ISE3-P33
E1-P29
ISE3-P53
ISE3-P37
W2-07
Hartvigsen P
Hasanloo T
ISE3-P25
ISE3-P17
Haselmair R
E1-O08
Hata Y
ISE3-P18, ISE3-P45
He X
W7-02
Heilmann J
ISE1-O02
Heinrich J
ISE3-P23
Heinrich M
E1-O02, E1-O03, E1-P06,
ISE2-P01, ISE1-P11, ISE3-P41,
ISE6-O01, W4-03, W7-01
ISE3-P21
Heinzmann O
Hernández Bermejo JE
187
Hernández-Delgadillo GP
E1-O19, E2-O03, E3-O02, E3-O05,
E3-O06, E7-O03,
ISE3-P50
Herren HR
ISE1-O01
Hersch-Martínez P
E5-O06, E6-P01, ISE3-O04
Heywood VH
Hiruma-Lima CA
Hoffmann L
Howes MJ
Hung FSJ
Huy Phong N
Hwang SJ
Ibero Solana C
Imam G
Inngjerdingen KT
Izco J
Jacobo-Salcedo MR
Jäger AK
Jamie J
Jauregui García X
Jennings H
Johns T
Johnson D
Jonat B
Juan J
Julianti T
Kaiser M
Karlik W
Kayhanfar M
Kessler M
Kffuri CW
Khayatzadeh J
Khouri S
1KN-01
E1-P31, ISE3-P67
E8-P01
W7-05
ISE1-P08
ISE1-P01
ISE3-P33
E1-O19
ISE3-P64
ISE3-O06
E1-O21, E5-P03
ISE3-P20
ISE3-P16, ISE3-P25
ISE3-P37
ISE1-P14
ISE5-P02
ISE3-P57
ISE2-O01
ISE3-P07
E3-P02, ISE3-P66
ISE3-P18
ISE3-P18
ISE3-O01
ISE3-P17
ISE5-O01
ISE1-P22, ISE3-P42
ISE3-P63
ISE3-P15
188
Kidd EJ
Kim MY
Kite GC
ISE3-P22
ISE3-P46
W7-05
Luciano-Montalvo C
ISE3-P58
Lucio F
ISE3-P28, ISE3-P40
Luczaj L
W6-02
Klugea M
ISE5-O01
Luengas P
ISE3-P45
Kopp B
W7-04
Luiz-Ferreira A
Kos J
ISE3-P03
Krueger R
ISE2-O01
Lull C
E1-O15, E1-P23, ISE3-P39,
ISE3-P56
E1-P05, ISE3-P19
Kuhlman A
ISE3-P07
Lummis SCR
ISE3-P05
Kuhn E
E1-O08
Luz PB
ISE3-P44
Kujawska M
ISE6-P07
Luzon M
E4-O03, E7-P03
Kumar VL
ISE3-P44
Lwande W
ISE1-O01
ISE1-P05, ISE3-P28
Llamas F
E1-P09, ISE2-P03
ISE3-P67
Llinares JV
E1-P05, ISE3-P19
ISE3-P38
Macía MJ
ISE1-O04
Laguna E
E1-P19
Madureira AM
ISE1-P10
Lai B
ISE1-P10
Maharal VJ
W3-04
Lanbayer U
ISE3-P53
Mahdavi Shahri N
ISE3-P63
Langenberger Dr G
ISE1-P15
Mahmudzadeh M
ISE3-P59
Lapinski TF
ISE3-P15
Malca-García G
ISE3-P07
Lardos A
ISE2-P01
Mandal SC
ISE3-P10
Lastra JJ
E7-P01, W2-04
Manzali de Sá I
2PL-09
Latorre Catalá JA
E1-P17
Manzo LP
ISE3-P39
Laufer S
ISE3-P21
Marcos Ruiz E
E8-O07
Lawal I
ISE3-O08
Marenich M
ISE3-P68
Lee DU
ISE3-P46
Marín JP
E1-O09, W8-03
Leon C
W7-05
Marin K
ISE3-P49
Leonti M
PL-04, ISE3-P38
Márquez F
E1-P02
Li G
ISE3-P40
Martín MA
E5-O01, E5-O02
Li P
ISE3-P28
Martín-Consuegra E
E2-O03
Licón C
ISE3-P02
Martineau L
ISE3-P57
Lidón A
E1-P05, ISE3-P19
Martínez Montemayor M
ISE3-P58
Lima-Filho JV
ISE3-P43
Martínez P
W8-03
Lima-Junior RCP
ISE3-P44
Martínez Pérez ER
E1-O11
Linares E
PL-01, ISE3-P55
Martínez Pérez JF
ISE2-P07, W8-04
Liu J
ISE1-P13, ISE3-P36
Martínez Saura C
W8-04
Lopes VR
E1-P15
Martínez-Francés V
E1-P30, E3-P02, ISE3-P66
López Barquero P
ISE2-P07, W8-04
Martínez-Solís I
ISE3-P65, E1-P12
López JD
E1-O09
Martins A
E1-O20
López JL
E1-P02
Martins ES
E4-O01
López Leiva C
E8-O07
Massamba N’siala I
ISE5-O06
López V
ISE3-P16
Mata E
ISE3-P31, ISE3-P35
Lozano Cámara I
E3-O04
Mata R
ISE3-O04, ISE3-P54, ISE3-P55
Lu A
W7-02
Mateus E
E5-O05
Kumari R
Kushima H
Laconi S
189
Matias-Hernandez L
ISE1-P07
Muñoz-Mingarro D
ISE3-P48
Mayoral O
E1-P05, ISE3-P19
Muona J
ISE1-P01
McClatchey W
PL-06, W2-07, W2-08
Nakashima T
E8-P01
McCormack G
W2-08
Nakhaee Moghadam M
ISE3-P63
McGonigle I
ISE3-P05
Nasser Mahdavi Shahri
ISE5-P01
Medina A
E2-O03
Natividad GM
ISE3-P22
Melo SA
ISE3-P44
Navarrete-Castro A
ISE3-O04
Mella M
ISE3-O05
Navarro Burgos M
E7-O03
Mendel M
ISE3-O01
Navarro García MA
E3-O03
Mendonça LET
ISE3-P51
Navarro I
W8-03
Menendez G
E1-O06, ISE2-P04
Nduguli F
ISE1-O01
Mercan A
W8-08
Nelima M
ISE1-O01
Mercuri AM
ISE5-O06
Nergard CS
ISE3-O06
Merfort I
ISE3-P21
Nicolas JP
W8-07
Meyer K
ISE3-P07
Nielsen F
ISE3-P25
Michaelsen TE
ISE3-O06
Nikolajsen T
ISE3-P25
Michelangeli F
ISE3-P49
Nocito I
ISE1-P16
Minaeian M
ISE3-P59
Novella Solinas M
PL-04, ISE3-P38
Ming LC
ISE1-P22, ISE3-P42
Obermajer N
ISE3-P03
Minga D
E1-O21
Obón C
Mirkovic B
ISE3-P03
Modarai M
W4-03
Moerman DE
W6-04
Obón JM
E1-P11, E1-P19, E1-P21, E1-P22,
E1-P25, E1-P27, E8-O08, ISE1-P20,
ISE1-P21, ISE2-O01, ISE6-P08
W2-06
ISE3-P11
Mokoka T
ISE3-P18
Molero Mesa J
Ochoa G
E7-P01
Odonne G
ISE1-P12
Ogunkanmi A
ISE3-O08
Okwaro F
W6-06
Monsalve F
E1-P16, E1-P20, ISE1-P17,
ISE2-P06
E1-O12, E1-O17, E1-P12, E1-P14,
E1-P18
ISE3-P12
Oliveira N
ISE1-P10
Montero González E
E1-P18
Oliveira RSB
ISE3-P43
Moodley N
ISE3-P18
Olmos G
ISE3-P28, ISE3-P40
Moore N
Ontillera Sánchez RR
E7-O01
Moraes TM
ISE3-P67
Ortega MT
E1-P01
Morales J
E8-P03
Ortíz Nuñez S
E1-P26
Morales P
E1-O17, E1-P14
Osorio CBH
ISE3-P44
Morales R
Ospina LF
ISE3-P45
Moreno García AM
E1-O12, E1-O17, E6-O02, E8-O03,
ISE2-P04, ISE5-O05
E2-O01
Otero L
ISE3-P58
Motte-Florac E
E1-O16, ISE5-P03
Owen PL
ISE3-P57
Mourão JS
ISE3-P51
Packer J
ISE3-P37
Mukherjee PK
PL-05, ISE3-O02, ISE3-O03,
ISE3-P01, ISE3-P04
ISE3-P15
Pak SC
ISE3-P33
Pal BC
ISE3-O03
Palacios E
ISE1-P04
Palacios P
ISE3-P45
Molina M
Munin E
Muñoz Centeno LM
E1-P24
190
Palíková I
ISE3-P23
Palomino OM
E1-P01
ISE1-O03
Quiñones MC
Quintero A
Radic N
Ramezanloo P
Ramírez G
ISE3-P58
ISE3-P49
ISE3-P03
ISE3-P59
E5-P02
Pandit S
ISE3-O02, ISE3-P01
Paniagua-Zambrana N
SE1-O04
Parada J
Parada M
E7-P01, E8-O01, ISE1-O03, W2-04
Ramírez-Vicéns M
ISE3-P58
E5-P01, E8-P02
Ramos MV
ISE3-P43, ISE3-P44
Rams S
ISE3-P21, W8-03
Paskulin R
E1-O06, E1-O12, E1-O14, E1-O17,
E1-P18, E7-O01, E7-P01, E8-O03,
ISE1-P14, ISE1-P18, ISE2-P04,
ISE5-O05, W2-04
ISE3-P03
Ramos MT
Ranganathan S
ISE3-P37
Paton A
W7-05
Rasch V
ISE3-P25
Paulsen BS
ISE3-O06
Reyes-García V
Pellizzon CH
ISE3-P67
Peña-Chocarro L
E2-O04
Ribeiro RA
PL-02, E1-O06, E7-O01, E7-P01,
ISE2-P04, W2-04
ISE3-P44
Peral D
E5-O01, E5-O02, E5-O03
Rigat M
E7-P01, E8-O01, ISE1-O03, W2-04
Perdiguero E
E5-O04
Ríos S
Perea L
ISE1-P04
Perego S
ISE6-P06
Pereira Sieso J
E1-O14, ISE1-P18
Pérez Jordá G
E2-O02
Pérez-Alonso MJ
ISE3-P09
Pérez-Badia R
E7-P02, ISE1-P19
Pérez-Escandón BE
E1-O10, E1-O11, ISE1-P02
Pérez-Vásquez A
ISE3-P55
Phuong Lien N
ISE1-P01
Pimenta BC
E2-O01
Pinheiro RSP
ISE3-P43
Pino N
Pinzón R
Piri K
Pirker H
Pompei R
Poncet A
Ponnusankar S
Porter E
Pourmand K
Pretel MT
Priestley C
Prieto A
Prieto JM
Puerta R
Pulido Garcia L
Quilez AM
E5-P02, ISE1-P04
ISE3-P45
ISE3-P17
E1-O08
ISE3-P38
W6-05
ISE3-O02, ISE3-P01
W7-05
ISE3-P07
E1-P11
E1-O03, E1-P06
ISE3-P27
ISE2-P01
E1-P13, ISE3-P29
ISE1-P16
E1-P10, ISE3-P24, ISE3-P29
E1-P30, E3-P02, ISE3-P66,
ISE2-O01
E1-P19, E1-P21, E1-P22, E1-P25,
E1-P27, E1-P30, E8-O08, ISE1-P20,
ISE1-P21, ISE2-O01, ISE6-P08,
W2-06, W8-01
ISE3-P58
ISE3-P35
E1-P15
ISE3-P30
ISE3-P12
ISE3-P12
ISE6-P04
E7-P02
ISE3-P61
E7-P02, ISE1-P19
E1-P28, E8-O08
E1-P20
E1-P11
ISE3-P58
ISE1-P03
ISE3-P64
ISE3-P67
E4-O03, E7-P03
ISE3-P26, ISE3-P27
E2-O04
E1-P14
ISE3-P49
ISE3-P09
ISE3-P38
Pardo-de-Santayana M
Rivera D
Rivera Y
Rocabado G
Rocha F
Rocha J
Rodríguez JA
Rodríguez M
Rodriguez Robledo V
Rodríguez Torres A
Rodríguez Y
Rojo J
Roldán R
Romero JM
Romojaro A
Roque JE
Roy B
Rozi N
Rozza AL
Rubio JL
Rubio-Moraga A
Ruiz Alonso M
Ruiz BM
Ruiz MC
Ruiz T
Saba AR
Sadeghi A
Saenz MT
Salazar-Olivo LA
Salvador MJ
ISE3-P59
E1-P10, E1-P13, ISE3-P24,
ISE3-P29
ISE3-P20
ISE3-P15
Sánchez Balibrea J
ISE2-P07, W8-04
Sánchez MC
E1-P14
Stafford GI
E1-O15, E1-P23, ISE3-P39,
ISE3-P56
2PL-10
Sánchez-Carnerero
Callado C
Sánchez-Mata MC
ISE6-P04
Staub P
W6-05
Stien D
ISE1-P12
Santiago-Capeles L
ISE3-P58
Stirton WE
W6-04
Santos T
E8-O06
Strukelj B
ISE3-P03
Santos-Buelga C
E1-O20
Tacoronte J
ISE3-P60, ISE3-P62
Sanz Elorza M
E8-O04
Takayama C
Sanz-Biset J
ISE1-P06
Tanimoto A
E1-O15, E1-P23, ISE3-P39,
ISE3-P56
ISE3-P67
Sapeta H
ISE6-P02
Tardío J
Saravanan S
ISE3-O03
Sardinero S
ISE1-P19
Tava A
E1-O06, E1-O12, E1-O17, E1-P14,
E1-P18, ISE5-O05, W2-04
ISE3-O05
Satheesh Kumar N
ISE3-O03
Taylor P
ISE3-O10, ISE3-P49, W4-02
Sauerborn J
ISE1-P15
Teixeira G
ISE1-P10
Savo V
W2-05
Tejedor N
ISE3-P28
Schmeda-Hirschmann G
Teravainen M
ISE1-P01
Schunko C
W2-03
Theoduloz C
ISE3-P12, ISE3-P14
Sepodes B
ISE3-P30
Tian S
ISE3-P53
Serralheiro ML
E1-P04, ISE6-P03
Togola A
ISE3-O06
Serrano Jaén E
E3-O05
Tohti I
ISE3-P53
Serrano R
ISE3-P30
Torres Morocho M
ISE3-P69
ISE3-P63
Toulax G
ISE3-P53
ISE3-P07
Townesmith A
ISE3-P07
ISE3-P46
Trapero-Mozos A
ISE3-P26, ISE3-P27
Shokoohinia Y
ISE3-P59
Trein C
ISE1-P22
Silva LJ
E1-P04
Tuzlacı E
ISE2-P05
Silva O
E4-O01, ISE3-O07, ISE3-P30
Ulrichova J
ISE3-P23
Silva SM
E8-P01
Ullrich O
ISE1-O02
Simanek V
ISE3-P23
Umar A
ISE3-P04, ISE3-P53
Simirgiotis MJ
ISE6-P01
Upur H
ISE3-P64
Simmonds MSJ
W7-05
Upur H
ISE3-P04
Simons C
ISE3-P22
Urdanibia I
ISE3-O10
Siriwatanametanon N
ISE3-P41
Valdés A
Soares F
E1-O05
Sobrequis X
ISE1-O03
Valero Y
E1-P21, E1-P22, E1-P28, E8-O08,
ISE1-P20, W2-06
ISE3-P26
Socca EAR
E1-P23, ISE3-P39, ISE3-P56
Vallejo JR
E5-O01, E5-O02, E5-O03
Somogy S
ISE3-P07
Vallès J
E1-P03, E7-P01, E8-O01, E8-O02,
ISE1-O03, W2-04
Shahi Z
Sharon D
Shin SC
E1-O17
Sørensen BL
ISE3-P25
Soriano Guarinos P
ISE3-P65
Sousa C
E1-O05
Sousa MJ
E1-O20
Souza-Brito ARM
191
192
Van Staden J
PL-10
Vougioukalou SA
W2-07, W2-08
Van Wyk BE
W3-02
Waldstein A
ISE5-O04
Vanaclocha B
W8-09
Wartmann F
ISE1-O01
Vandebroek I
W2-01, W2-09
Watson S
ISE1-P05, ISE3-P28
Vázquez FM
E1-P02, ISE3-P09
Weckerle C
Velasco JM
E1-O18
Velasco R
ISE1-P17
Werz O
PL-04, PL-07, ISE1-O02, W6-03,
W6-01, W6-05, W6-08
ISE3-P21
Vemulpad S
ISE3-P37
Wiechetek M
ISE3-O01
Vender C
ISE6-P06
Williamson EM
W4-05
Venkatesh M
ISE3-P01
Williamson L
W4-01
Verde A
ISE1-P08, ISE3-P13
Xu Q
ISE3-P28
Verpoorte R
E1-P21, E1-P22, E1-P28, E8-O08,
ISE1-P20, W2-06
W4-04, W5-01
Wu MH
Yaegl Community Elders
ISE3-P37
Vicente O
E1-P05, ISE3-P19
Yang W
ISE3-P40
Vila R
E7-P01, ISE3-P66
Ye Z
ISE3-P28
Vila S
W2-04
Yi T
ISE1-P13, ISE3-P36
Vilches J
ISE1-P17
Yung SK
ISE3-P36
Villalonga JC
E8-O05
Yusup A
ISE3-P04, ISE3-P64
Villamizar E
ISE3-P49
Zamuner SR
ISE3-P15
Villar L
E8-O02
Zhang WD
W7-03
Villavicencio Nieto MA
E1-O10, E1-O11, ISE1-P02
Zhao ZZ
Viteri M
E1-O02
Vogl CR
E1-O08, E7-O02, W2-03
Zhou W
PL-08, ISE1-P08, ISE1-P13,
ISE3-P36
ISE3-P53
Vogl-Lukasser B
E7-O02
Zimmermann S
ISE3-P08, ISE3-P18
Volk SMB
ISE2-P03
Zolfaghari B
ISE3-P59
Índice de nombres científicos
Índice de nomes científicos
Index of scientific names
Abuta grandifolia
Acacia oxyphylla
Acinetobacter lwoffii
Aconitum sp.
Achillea ageratum
Achillea fragrantissima
Achillea millefolium
Adenocarpus complicates
Agathosma betulina
Alisma plantago-aquatica
Aloe ferox
Aloe vera
Aloysia citrodora
Alternanthera brasiliana
Allium cepa
Allium elburzense
Allium sativum
Anacamptis pyramidalis
Anagallis arvensis
Anagallis foemina
Anethum graveolens
Aquilegia vulgaris
Araucaria araucana
Arbutus unedo
Aristolochia sp.
Armillaria mellea
Arnica montana
Artemisia absinthium
Artemisia afra
Artemisia campestris
Artemisia herba-alba
Artemisia pedemontana
Artemisia reptans
Artemisia vulgaris
Aspalathus linearis
Asparagus filicinus
Asparagus subscandens
Astragalus membranaceus
ISE3-P45
ISE1-P03
ISE3-P20
ISE6-P06, W7-04
ISE1-P20
ISE3-P06
W6-04
ISE1-P10
W2-03
ISE3-P08
W2-03
ISE3-P51
E5-P01
ISE3-P15, ISE1-P22
ISE2-P04, ISE6-P07
ISE3-P59
ISE3-P51, ISE6-P07
E3-O02
ISE3-P16
ISE3-P16
ISE6-P07
E1-O06
ISE3-P14
E1-O12, E1-P14
ISE3-P42
E1-O20
ISE1-P20
E1-O02
W2-03
E1-P04, ISE3-P32
E1-O02
E1-O02
E1-O02
E1-O02, ISE3-P22
W2-03
ISE1-P15
ISE1-P15
ISE3-P36
Astrocaryum mexicanum
Atractylis gummifera
Atropa belladonna
Atta cephalotes
Attalea phalerata
Baccharis articulata
Baccharis capitalensis
Baccharis potosiensis
Baccharis ulicina
Barbarea vulgaris
Barkleyanthus salicifolius
Bauhinia sp.
Biomphalaria havanensis
Biophytum petersianum
Boerhavia sp.
Bombyx mori
Brassica oleracea
Burkholderia cepacia
Butia capitata
Byrsonima crassifolia
Calocybe gambosa
Calotropis procera
Candida albicans
Candida dubliniensis
Cannabis sativa
Cannabis sp.
Carthamus tinctorius
Casearia sylvestris
Castanea sativa
Castela tweedii
Cecropia glaziovi
Cecropia sp.
Centella asiatica
Cephaelis ipecacuanha
Cephalanthera longifolia
Chamaedora tepejilote
Chamaemelum nobile
Chelidonium majus
E5-P01
E5-O01
ISE3-P17
ISE1-P04
ISE1-O04
ISE3-P31
ISE3-P31
ISE3-P31
ISE3-P31
ISE3-P68
ISE1-P02
ISE3-P42
ISE3-P62
ISE3-O06
ISE3-P42
ISE3-P04
ISE6-P07
ISE3-P20
E1-P29
ISE3-P49
E1-O20
ISE3-P44, ISE3-P43
ISE3-P30
ISE3-P15
E3-O04
ISE5-O04
ISE6-P02
ISE1-P22
E1-O06
ISE1-P16
ISE1-P22
ISE3-P42
ISE3-O02
PL-09
E3-O02
E8-P03
E1-O02, E1-P07, ISE2-P04
ISE2-P04
193
194
Chenopodium ambrosioides
Chiliadenus glutinosus
Cicerbita alpina
Cichorium intybus
Cineraria sp.
Cistus clusii
Citrullus colocynthis
Citrus aurantium
Clibadium sylvestreå
Clitocybe odora
Cochlospermum tinctorium
Commelina africana
Coprinus comatus
Cordia americana
Cordia verbenacea
Cordyceps sp.
Coronopus didymus
Costus sp.
Costus speciosus
Crataegus monogyna
Crepis paludosa
Crocodylus intermedius
Crocodylus nilotycus
Crocus sativus
Cuphea sp.
Cupressus sp.
Cycas sp.
Cyclopia genistoides
Cydonia oblonga
Cytisus multiflorus
Daemonorops draco
Dahlia sp.
Decatropis bicolor
Desmodium barbatum
Dichorisandra tyrsiflora
Diospyros villosa
Dittrichia viscosa
Doronicum carpetanum
Doronicum grandiflorum
Doronicum pardalianches
Dracaena cochinchinensis
Drosophila sp.
Echinacea sp.
Echinodorus sp.
ISE6-O01
E1-P24, ISE1-P20
ISE6-P06
E1-P12
E1-O21
E1-P05
ISE5-O06
E1-P31, ISE3-P47
ISE1-P04
E1-O20
ISE3-O06
ISE3-P25
E1-O20
ISE3-P21
ISE1-P22
W7-02
ISE2-P04
ISE3-P42
ISE3-P58
ISE3-O09
ISE1-P20
E4-O03
E4-O03
ISE3-P42
E1-O21
E1-O21
W2-03
ISE3-P53
ISE3-O09
ISE1-P13
E1-O21
ISE1-P02
ISE3-P25
ISE1-P22
ISE3-P30
ISE1-P20
ISE1-P20
ISE1-P20
ISE1-P20
ISE1-P13
ISE3-P05
W4-03
ISE3-P42
Enterococcus faecalis
Erica lusitanica
Erythrina americana
Escherichia coli
Eucalyptus cinerea
Eucalyptus globulus
Euphorbia lactea
Euphorbia matritensis
Euphorbia peplus
Euphorbia serrata
Euphorbia sp.
Euphorbia villosa
Euterpe precatoria
Fagus sylvatica
Ficus hispida
Ficus racemosa
Ficus sp.
Filipendula ulmaria
Foeniculum vulgare
Fragaria chiloensis
Fragaria x ananassa
Gallus domesticus
Ganoderma lucidum
Geranium maculatum
Ginkgo biloba
Glycyrrhiza glabra
Gynura pseudochina
Gypsophila struthium
Haloxylon salicornicum
Harpagophytum procumbens
Hedera helix
Hedera sp.
Hedysarum polybotrys
Heinsia crinita
Helichrysum sp.
Helichrysum stoechas
Helleborus viridis
Hintonia latiflora
Hoodia sp.
Hofmeisteria schaffneri
Hypoxis hemerocallidea
Hyptis lophanta
Ilex aquifolium
ISE3-P30
ISE1-P10
ISE1-P02
ISE3-P06, ISE3-P07,
ISE3-O08, ISE3-P30, ISE3-P31
E8-P01
ISE2-P04
E1-P13
ISE3-P48
E1-P06
E1-P06, ISE3-P48
E1-P06
E1-P06
ISE1-O04
E1-O06
ISE3-P10
ISE3-P10
E2-O02
ISE3-O09
E5-P01
ISE6-P01
ISE6-P01
ISE2-P07
W7-02
W6-04
ISE3-P05
ISE3-P01
ISE3-P41
E1-P05
ISE3-P06
W2-03, W4-03
ISE3-O01
E1-O21
ISE3-P36
ISE3-O08
E1-O21, E5-P03
E1-P04
ISE2-P04
ISE3-O04, ISE3-P54
W3-04
ISE3-P55
W2-03
E1-O15
W6-05
Indigofera truxilensis
Inula helenium
Ipomoea stans
Jacaranda sp.
Juncus sp.
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Lactuca alpina
Laurus sp.
Lavandula angustifolia
Lavandula luisieri
Lavandula stoechas
Leishmania donovani
Lepidium meyenii
Lilium sp.
Linum usitatissimum
Litsea glaucescens
Lonicera caerulea
Malva sylvestris
Maytenus ilicifolia
Melissa officinalis
Mentha longifolia
Mentha pulegium
Mentha rotundifolia
Mentha sp.
Mentha spicata
Micrococcus luteus
Mikania glomerata
Montia fontana
Muehlenbeckia platylclada
Nicotiana tabacum
Obetia radula
Oecophylla smaragdina
Oenocarpus bataua
Oldenlandia corymbosa
Olea europaea
Olea sp.
Ononis tridentata
Ophrys apifera
Ophrys bombyliflora
Opilia celtidifolia
Opuntia stricta
Orchis militaris
Orchis morio
Orchis papilionacea
ISE3-P39
E1-P24
ISE1-P02
ISE3-P42
ISE2-P04
ISE1-P10
ISE6-P06
E1-O21
E1-P24
ISE1-P10
ISE2-P05
ISE3-P18
ISE3-P35
E1-O21
ISE6-P07
E1-O10
ISE3-P23
E5-P01, ISE3-O09
ISE1-P22
E5-P01, ISE2-P05
ISE2-P05
ISE2-P05, ISE6-P05
ISE1-P02
E1-P01, ISE6-P07
ISE2-P05
ISE3-P30
ISE1-P22
E1-O17
ISE3-P41
ISE6-O01
ISE3-P25
ISE3-P04
ISE1-O04
ISE3-P25
ISE6-P04
E1-O21, E2-O02
E1-P05
E3-O02
E3-O02
ISE3-O06
ISE3-P11
E3-O02
E3-O02
E3-O02
Origanum majorana
Origanum onites
Origanum vulgare
Oroxylum indicum
Oxalis tuberosa
Paeonia broteroi
Paeonia hybrida
Panda oleosa
Papaver sp.
Paris polyphylla
Passiflora alata
Pelargonium sidoides
Petroselinum crispum
Peucedanum ostruthium
Phoenix dactylifera
Phoenix sp.
Phoradendron longifolium
Pichia pastoris
Pimenta racemosa
Pinus caribaea
Pinus radiata
Pinus tropicalis
Piper longum
Piper nigrum
Piper umbellatum
Piptadeniastrum africanum
Plantago lanceolata
Plasmodium falciparum
Plasmodium vivax
Plectranthus barbatus
Plumbago pulchella
Potomorphe sp.
Pouzolzia indica
Prosopis farcta
Prunus persica
Prunus spinosa
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Psidium guajava
Psittacanthus calyculatus
Pteridium aquilinum,
Pterospartum tridentatum
Pyricularia grisea
Pyrus cordata
Quassia sp.
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ISE2-P05
ISE2-P05
ISE2-P05
ISE3-P41
ISE3-P35
ISE1-P10
ISE3-P04
ISE3-P34
E1-O21
ISE1-P15
ISE1-P22
W2-03
ISE6-P07
W6-05
ISE2-O01
E1-P19
ISE3-P20
ISE3-P27
ISE3-P24
ISE3-P60, ISE3-P62
E1-O06
ISE3-P60, ISE3-P62
ISE3-O03
ISE6-P07
ISE6-O01
ISE3-O05
ISE2-P04
ISE3-P08, ISE3-P18
ISE3-P08
ISE6-P03
ISE1-P02
ISE3-P42
ISE3-P41
ISE3-P63
ISE3-P46
E1-O06, E3-P02
ISE1-P02
ISE3-P20
E1-O06
E5-P01
ISE3-O05
E1-O06
ISE3-P03
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Quercus coccifera
Quercus ilex
Quercus pyrenaica
Quercus robur
Quercus sp.
Quercus suber
Raillietina echinobothrida
Rosmarinus officinalis
Rubia cordifolia
Rubus sp.
Rubus ulmifolius
Ruta graveolens
Salix sp.
Salmonella typhimurium
Salvia blancoana
Salvia divinorum
Salvia fruticosa
Salvia lavandulifolia.
Salvia microphylla
Salvia officinalis
Sambucus nigra
Sanguisorba hybrida
Santolina chamaecyparissus
Saussurea involucrata
Sceletium tortuosum
Schinus molle
Schinus sp.
Securidaca diversifolia
Senecio jacobaea
Senecio pyrenaicus
Serapias lingua
Sitophilus zeamais
Smilax sp.
Solanum juzepczukii
Solanum paniculatum
Solanum tuberosum
Sphaerogyne latifolia
Sphagneticola trilobata
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Stemona tuberosa
ISE1-P18
E1-O14, ISE1-P18
ISE1-P18
ISE1-P18
E1-O21
ISE1-P18
ISE1-P03
ISE3-P12, ISE3-P19,
ISE3-P29, E1-P05
ISE3-P25
ISE3-P42
E1-O06
PL-09
E1-O21, W6-05
ISE1-P10, ISE3-P43
ISE3-P66
ISE1-P11
ISE2-P05
ISE3-P66
ISE3-P66
ISE3-P66
ISE3-O09, ISE3-P56
ISE1-P10
E1-P07
ISE3-P04
W2-03
ISE1-P02
ISE3-P42
ISE3-P38
E3-O01
ISE1-P20
E3-O02
ISE1-P02
ISE3-P42
ISE3-P35
ISE1-P22
ISE3-P35
ISE3-P25
ISE1-P22
ISE1-P10, ISE3-O05,
ISE3-O08, ISE3-P06,
ISE3-P07, ISE3-P15,
ISE3-P30, ISE3-P55
ISE3-P15
ISE1-P15
Stryphnodendron sp.
Sutherlandia frutescens
Syzygium jambos
Tacca chantrieri
Tagetes lucida
Tagetes sp.
Tapeinochilus anassae
Teucrium chamaedrys
ISE3-P42
W2-03
ISE3-P58
ISE1-P15
E1-O11, ISE1-P02
ISE3-P42
ISE3-P58
ISE2-P05
Teucrium polium
ISE2-P05
Thymbra spicata
ISE2-P05
Thymus longicaulis
ISE2-P05
Thymus pulegioides
ISE6-P05
Thymus sp.
E1-P01
Thymus vulgaris
E1-P24
Thymus zygis
ISE3-P09
Tilia sp.
E5-P01
Tithonia diversifolia
ISE1-P04
Tournefortia sp.
ISE3-P42
Tovomita stylosa
ISE1-P06
Tradescantia spathacea
ISE3-P58
Triclisia subcordata
ISE3-O08
Trichilia emetica
ISE3-O06
Trichilia havanensis
ISE1-P02
Triticum sp.
E1-O21
Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense ISE3-P18
Trypanosoma cruzi
ISE1-P16, ISE3-P18
Uncaria tomentosa
ISE3-O10
Urtica dioica
E1-P07, E1-P17, ISE2-P04
Verbascum thapsus
ISE3-P65
Verbena officinalis
ISE2-P04
Vernonia kotschyana
ISE3-O06
Vinca sp.
E1-O21
Viola tricolor
E1-O21
Vismia cayennensis
ISE3-P49
Vitis sp.
E1-O21, E2-O02
Vitis vinifera
E1-P23
Waltheria sp.
ISE3-P42
Warburgia salutaris
W2-03
Xenopus sp.
ISE3-P05
Ximenia americana
ISE3-O06
Zanthoxylum piperitum
ISE3-P33
Zanthoxylum schinifolium
ISE3-P33
Zingiber officinale
PL-09, ISE6-O01
¿Qué es la SEFIT?
La Sociedad Española de Fitoterapia, Asociación para el
Desarrollo y Estudio de las Plantas Medicinales y sus Aplicaciones (SEFIT), es una sociedad científica que nace con
el fin de aglutinar a los profesionales que desde diversos
campos trabajan en el estudio de las plantas medicinales,
para promover la investigación y la difusión de la Fitoterapia.
Objetivos de la SEFIT
Los principales objetivos de la Sociedad son:
a) Promover la investigación, la difusión y el uso terapéutico de las drogas vegetales y sus derivados, en el marco
del uso racional y de los criterios científicos, al objeto
de favorecer la salud de la población.
b) Representar los intereses de sus miembros ante los
organismos públicos o privados, nacionales o internacionales.
c) Fomentar la colaboración entre sus miembros para la
realización y coordinación de estudios y tareas de investigación.
¿Quién puede pertenecer a la SEFIT?
Para pertenecer a la SEFIT es requisito poseer una titulación universitaria en alguna carrera relacionada con las
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Ciencias de la Salud o Ciencias Experimentales o bien otra
titulación universitaria y que su actividad profesional esté
relacionada con las plantas medicinales.
¿Cómo solicitar el ingreso en la SEFIT?
Las personas o entidades que deseen pertenecer a la Sociedad deberán solicitarlo a la Junta Directiva remitiendo
el formulario correspondiente y aportando la documentación necesaria para demostrar que cumplen los requisitos
especificados. Su candidatura deberá estar avalada por la
firma de dos socios.
Cuotas
Las cuotas anuales para cada tipo de socio son las siguientes:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Socios fundadores y numerarios........................... 30 €
Socios estudiantes................................................ 20 €
Socios corporativos...............................................500 €
Socios honorarios.................................................. 0 €
Información
Sociedad Española de Fitoterapia · SEFIT
Apartado de Correos 90015 · 08080 Barcelona
www.fitoterapia.net/sefit/sefit.htm
[email protected]
LOS ASOCIADOS RECIBEN GRATUITAMENTE LA REVISTA DE FITOTERAPIA.
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¿Qué es la AMEFIT?
La Sociedad Mexicana de Fitoterapia (AMEFIT) es la denominación abreviada de la Asociación Mexicana para la
Investigación, Difusión y Aplicación Clínica de las Plantas
Medicinales, A.C. Es una sociedad científica fundada en
México en el 2007 que nace con el fin de reunir e intercomunicar a los profesionales que desde diversos campos
trabajan en el estudio de las plantas medicinales, para
promover la investigación y la difusión de la Fitoterapia,
disciplina que estudia y difunde el tratamiento de las enfermedades con productos procedentes de las plantas.
La AMEFIT está integrada al Consejo Iberoamericano de
Fitoterapia (CIAF), representando a México en el conjunto
de agrupaciones científicas de Latinoamérica, España y
Portugal que promueven el estudio y la difusión clínica de
la fitoterapia moderna.
Objetivos de la AMEFIT
- Promover el conocimiento científico de la fitoterapia racional, basada en la calidad, seguridad y eficacia de los
fitomedicamentos y difundirlo entre los profesionales de
la salud, con el fin de que puedan incluirlos como una
herramienta terapéutica habitual.
- Realizar actividades formativas (cursos, seminarios, congresos) y establecer foros profesionales que posibiliten
el intercambio de conocimientos y experiencias entre sus
asociados.
- Representar los intereses de sus asociados ante diferentes organismos públicos y privados, nacionales e internacionales.
Ingreso
AMEFIT invita a los profesionales y entidades relacionados
con las plantas medicinales: medicina, farmacia, química,
biología, botánica, entre otros, a formar grupo un multidisciplinario que impulse la difusión y el uso racional de la
fitoterapia en México.
Requisitos
Las personas o entidades que deseen pertenecer a la Sociedad podrán hacerlo en calidad de Asociado y para ello
deberán enviar a la Junta Directiva la solicitud correspondiente aportando la documentación que se solicita para
demostrar que cumplen los requisitos según la categoría
de la que se desea formar parte. Consultar: http://www.
amefit.org.mx/index.php?ingreso
Cuota Anual
Asociado común
$ 500.0 pesos M.N.
Asociado corporativo
$ 8,000.0 pesos M.N.
Asociado estudiante
$ 300.0 pesos M.N.
Información
www.fitoterapia.org.mx
[email protected]
Tel: (55) 59 48 61 53
¿Qué es SOCHIFITO?
La SOCIEDAD CHILENA DE FITOTERAPIA es una sociedad
científica, con personalidad jurídica otorgada en el año
2006 por el Estado de Chile, y su naturaleza legal corresponde a una corporación sin fines de lucro que promueve,
impulsa y desarrolla la fitoterapia, concebida ésta como
una disciplina moderna, con la consideración fundamental
que la fitoterapia debe basarse en evidencias científicas
(Fitomedicina). SOCHIFITO es Co-fundadora del CIAF, Consejo Iberoamericano de Fitoterapia.
Nuestro Interés fundamental
Deseamos promover entre los profesionales de la salud,
a nivel académico y público en general, el conocimiento
de las acciones farmacológicas de plantas medicinales,
sus extractos estandarizados (fitofármacos) y de sus compuestos bioactivos y el buen uso de los medicamentos cuyo
origen sea de plantas.
Actividades de la Sociedad
SOCHIFITO ha desarrollado actividades tendientes a informar a la comunidad acerca de las acciones farmacológicas
y terapéuticas de las plantas medicinales y fitofármacos
que comúnmente se usan en Chile y acerca de aquellos
recursos vegetales que provienen de otros países de la
región. Durante los años 2008 y 2009 hemos dictado conferencias y charlas en los Congresos de Medicina Interna
y en el Congreso Internacional de Medicina Complementaria y en las Facultades de Medicina de la Universidad
de Chile y de la Universidad Católica del Maule. También
hemos tenido apariciones a través de la prensa, en medios
de cobertura nacional como los periódicos El Mercurio, Las
Últimas Noticias, La Tercera y otros de circulación regional.
Durante el 2009 nuestros temas centrales han sido (1) Las
interacciones entre medicamentos y fitofármacos y (2) La
incorporación comercial al país de recursos vegetales con
distintas “finalidades terapéuticas” que no cuentan con
sustento científico que garantice la seguridad y eficacia de
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su uso. De este modo pretendemos contribuir a orientar a
la población acerca del uso de los medicamentos herbales.
Nuestro sitio web
En www.sochifito.cl hallarán información redactada y
analizada por un panel de expertos en farmacología, fitoterapia y fitofarmacología, con una visión no comprometida
con intereses de empresa comercial alguna. Esto asegura
una visión completamente imparcial y profesional y cuyo
norte es la preservación de un concepto fundamental que
es la práctica de una terapéutica basada en la evidencia y
en el conocimiento científico-médico mas actualizado que
sea posible.
¿Quiénes pertenecen a SOCHIFITO?
Nuestra Corporación a lo largo de estos 4 años de existencia ha logrado agrupar a casi un centenar de profesionales del área biomédica, licenciados, magísters o doctores,
médicos cirujanos, odontólogos, kinesiólogos, químicos
farmacéuticos, enfermeras, matronas, biólogos, psicólogos, tecnólogos médicos, bioquímicos, microbiólogos, botánicos, etcétera y, otras profesiones u oficios afines tales
como farmacólogo, profesor universitario, cuyo quehacer
profesional esté estrechamente relacionado con el campo
de la salud.
¿Cómo solicitar el ingreso a SOCHIFITO?
Las personas naturales o entidades que deseen pertenecer a SOCHIFITO, deben llenar el formulario de solicitud
que está disponible en nuestra página web oficial www.
sochifito.cl en la sección ASÓCIESE y enviar al directorio
los documentos necesarios solicitados para acreditar que
cumplen con los requisitos especificados.
Información
Sociedad Chilena de Fitoterapia-SOCHIFITO
www.sochifito.cl
[email protected]
200
A Sociedade Portuguesa de Fitoquímica e Fitoterapia
(SPFito) é uma Associação nacional sem fins lucrativos e
de carácter científico que visa, principalmente, difundir conhecimentos na área da Fitoquímica e Fitoterapia.
Os principais objectivos da Sociedade são:
- Promover a investigação e o ensino na área da Fitoquímica e Fitoterapia em Portugal com fins pedagógicos, de
profilaxia da doença e de protecção de saúde pública.
- Promover a utilização racional de plantas medicinais, medicamentos e outros produtos à base de plantas, assente
em critérios científicos.
A SPFito, sendo uma associação de natureza científica e
profissional, está aberta a licenciados em Farmácia, Ciências Farmacêuticas, Medicina, Ciências Médicas, Química,
Biologia, Bioquímica, Ciências da Terra, Ciências do Mar e
áreas afins, que partilhem dos objectivos da SPFito.
Para o cumprimento destes objectivos a SPFito fomenta a
colaboração entre os seus associados para a realização de
actividades de investigação, ensino, publicação periódica
de informação actualizada, estabelecimento de protocolos
de cooperação com entidades nacionais ou estrangeiras
congéneres e organização de reuniões e congressos periódicos, sempre tendo como tema central os conhecimentos
e avanços da Fitoquímica e Fitoterapia.
A Sociedade Portuguesa de Fitoquímica e Fitoterapia integra o Conselho Iberoamericano de Fitoterapia e está a
organizar em simultâneo o 2º Congresso Iberoamericano
de Fitoterapia e o 1º Congresso da SPFito, que terá lugar
em Lisboa, de 8 a 10 de Outubro de 2009.
Informação e contacto
Sociedade Portuguesa de Fitoquímica e Fitoterapia (SPFito)
Ordem dos Farmacêuticos
Rua da Sociedade Farmacêutica nº18
1169-075 Lisboa
Telefone: 213 191 380
E-mail: [email protected]
www.spfito.com
Fundado em 22 de setembro de 1998, por um grupo de profissionais e pesquisadores de diversas áreas relacionadas
aos segmentos de plantas medicinais, fitoterápicos e fitoterapia, o Instituto Brasileiro de Plantas Medicinais (IBPM)
é uma associação civil, sem fins lucrativos, de caráter técnico - científico , apartidário, constituído por pessoas físicas e jurídicas, tendo como principal objetivo a proposição
e execução de políticas e estratégias na área de plantas
medicinais e do desenvolvimento de produtos relacionados, alem da formatação, implantação e desenvolvimento
de modelos de fitoterapia no Brasil, com sede e foro na
capital do Estado do Rio de Janeiro.
Desde a fundação, o IBPM vem atuando junto aos profissionais, autoridades e instituições que atuam na cadeia
produtiva das áreas de interesse, com a realização de
projetos e parcerias que contribuíram para a consolidação
do Instituto, incluindo a montagem de biblioteca especializada, site www.ibpm.org.br , e diversos cursos e eventos
técnico-científicos.
Mantemos convênio com a Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública da Fundação Osvaldo Cruz para a realização de cursos
de Fitoterapia e implantação de ambulatórios especializados, que oferecem atendimento e prática em fitoterapia
para médicos e nutricionistas, com mais de 300 profissionais capacitados.
Realizamos e participamos de diversos eventos com destaque para a realização, em parceria com a Associación
Argentina de Fitomedicina (AAF), do Congresso Ibero-Americano de Plantas Medicinais, ocorrido em maio de 2004 no
201
Rio de Janeiro, alem de quatro jornadas estaduais e mais
dois congressos Ibero-Americanos.
Conquistamos representações no Ministério da Saúde do
Brasil, onde contribuímos para a implantação da Fitoterapia no Sistema Único de Saúde, e com a Política e o Programa Nacional de Plantas Medicinais e Fitoterápicos; e ainda
na Câmara Técnica de Fitoterápicos da Agencia Nacional
de Vigilância Sanitária, além de participações junto a conselhos profissionais para reconhecimento e normatização
da fitoterapia.
Ampliamos nossa representatividade nacional e internacional, como membros fundadores da Federação Brasileira
das Sociedades para o Estudo das Plantas Medicinais (FEBRAPLAME) e do Conselho Ibero-Americano de Fitoterapia
(CIAF).
A partir de setembro do corrente ano passamos a nos denominar Associação Brasileira de Fitoterapia (ABFIT) no
sentido de melhor caracterizar os objetivos da instituição
e equipará-la às demais associações que compõem o CIAF.
É com grande satisfação que passamos a integrar o corpo
editorial da Revista de Fitoterapia, importante iniciativa
que se consolida como veículo de divulgação Ibero-Americano da fitoterapia e para a qual esperamos contribuir
significativamente.
Cordiais saudações,
Roberto Leal Boorhem
Presidente do Conselho Diretor da ABFIT
i
Instrucciones para los autores
203
www.fitoterapia.net
Instruções para os autores (Português) em: http://www.fitoterapia.net/revista/revista_portugues.php
La Revista de Fitoterapia es una publicación dirigida a profesionales relacionados con las plantas medicinales y con el
uso terapéutico de las drogas de origen vegetal y sus derivados.
Se aceptarán trabajos, especialmente revisiones, sobre cualquier ámbito relacionado con la Fitoterapia: Clínica, Farmacología, Farmacognosia, Etnomedicina, Botánica, Historia de
la Medicina, aspectos legales, control de calidad, tecnología,
cultivo, comercialización, etc. Salvo excepciones (por ejemplo algunas comunicaciones presentadas en congresos de la
SEFIT), sólo se admitiran trabajos de investigación cuando
puedan tener un manifiesto interés general para los lectores.
El consejo de redacción se reserva el derecho a rechazar
aquellos originales que no se consideren apropiados para la
publicación, así como a proponer al autor las modificaciones
necesarias para adecuar el artículo al estilo y al rigor científico que la revista se ha impuesto.
Estructura de los artículos
1. Primera página:
Título del artículo (que será conciso pero informativo).
Nombre y uno o dos apellidos de cada autor. Instituciones
de procedencia.
Resumen del trabajo, de no más de 150 palabras, en castellano e inglés.
3 a 10 palabras clave o frases cortas (lexemas), en castellano
e inglés, extraídas del título o resumen del trabajo.
2. Cuerpo del artículo.
3. Dirección de contacto
El nombre y la dirección de correo y e-mail del autor responsable de la correspondencia sobre el artículo.
4. Bibliografía:
En el texto se identificarán las citas mediante números arábigos volados, entre paréntesis. Los trabajos aceptados pero
no publicados pueden incluirse en la bibliografía mencionando la revista y colocando entre paréntesis “en prensa”.
Los artículos deberán presentarse mecanografiados siguiendo los requerimientos habituales (papel A-4, márgenes de 25
mm, espacio simple, numeración en todas las páginas desde
la primera en la esquina superior derecha).
Las referencias bibliográficas se relacionarán por orden de
aparición en el texto, siguiendo la estructura de los siguientes ejemplos:
Sugerimos una extensión de entre 4 y 12 folios. En caso de
requerir una mayor extensión, deberá consultar con el comité
de redacción.
Gebhardt R. Multiple inhibitory effecs of garlic extracts on
cholesterol byosinthesis in hepatocites. Lipids 1993; 28: 613619.
Tener en cuenta que se trata de una publicación dirigida a
profesionales, pero con carácter divulgativo. Procurar que
la redacción sea amena y acompañar de suficiente material
gráfico (tablas y figuras).
Kleijnen J, Knipschild P. Mistletoe treatment for cancer. Review of controled trials in humans. Phytomedicine 1994; 1:
255-260.
Importante: No se admiten notas a pie de página.
El original debe llevar las siguientes partes que siempre abrirán una página nueva:
- Artículo de revista:
Moriguchi T, Nishiyama N, Saito H, Katsuki H. Trophic effects
of aged garlic extract (AGE) and its fractions on primary cultured hippocampal neurons from fetal rat brain. Phytoter Res
1996; 10: 468-472.
204
i
- Libro:
Tisserand R, Balacs T. Essential oil safety. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1995.
- Capítulo de un libro:
Bauer R, Wagner H. Echinacea species as potential inmunostimulatory drugs. En: Wagner H, Farnsworth N (Eds.) Economic and Medicinal Plant Research Vol 5, pp 253-321. London:
Academic Press, 1991.
Se incluirán todos los autores. Si hay más de seis, tras el
sexto autor se añadirá la partícula et al.
Tablas e ilustraciones
1.Adjuntar las ilustraciones, tablas y fotografías o diapositivas que se crean convenientes.
2.Tablas: Presentar cada tabla en una hoja separada. Numerar consecutivamente las tablas, incluyendo un breve título
para cada una de ellas. En el texto, citar cada tabla con el
número que le corresponda. Mecanografiar el texto explicativo en las notas a pie de tabla, no en la cabecera. Explicar
en ellas los símbolos o abreviaturas no estándar utilizadas.
3.Figuras (fotografías e ilustraciones) serán nítidas y se presentarán en diapositiva o fotografía sobre papel brillante, no
siendo mayores de 203 x 254 mm. Los títulos y explicaciones
se incluirán en los pies de las figuras. Las ilustraciones se
numerarán consecutivamente siguiendo el orden en que aparezcan citadas por primera vez en el texto. Cada figura llevará
una etiqueta pegada al dorso que indique su número, el nombre del autor y la indicación de cual es la parte superior de
la figura. Si las fotografías se remiten en soporte informático
deben tener formato tiff o jpg y un tamaño mínimo de 63 x
98 mm (preferiblemente 80 x 120 mm), con una resolución
de 300 ppp. En el texto se citarán por su número correspondiente. Los pies de las figuras se mecanografiarán a doble
espacio y en una hoja distinta, numerándolos con el mismo
guarismo que la figura.
Unidades, abreviaturas y símbolos
1.Abreviaturas y símbolos: Utilizar únicamente las abreviaturas estándar. El término completo que esté sustituido por
una abreviatura debe preceder a su primer uso en el texto, a
no ser que sea una unidad estándar de medida.
2.Unidades: las medidas de peso, altura, longitud o volumen
se darán en unidades del sistema métrico decimal, la temperatura en grados centígrados y la presión arterial en milímetros de mercurio. En el resto de las medidas se empleará el
sistema internacional de unidades.
Comunicaciones breves
Su extensión no superará las 2 páginas mecanoscritas. Seguirán las normas generales descritas para los artículos, salvo en la estructura. No contendrá resumen ni palabras clave.
Podrá incluir una figura o tabla y un máximo de 5 referencias
bibliográficas.
Envío de manuscritos
El manuscrito se enviará a la editora en soporte informático
(disco magnético o e-mail). Se acompañará además de una
carta de presentación que incluya el nombre, dirección, email y teléfono del autor responsable de la correspondencia
y la aceptación de las condiciones editoriales.
Derechos de edición
Los autores, al remitir artículos para su aprobación, aceptan la cesión de derechos de edición a Cita Publicaciones,
en caso de que sean publicados. Por ello deberán solicitar
autorización para publicar el mismo artículo en otro medio,
ya sea escrito o electrónico.
Revista de Fitoterapia: Sumarios
www.fitoterapia.net/revista/revista.php
Para solicitar ejemplares sueltos, atrasados o colecciones completas contacte con Ediciones Rol, S.A. (Calle Peris i
Mencheta, 50 · 08032 Barcelona · Tel. 93 200 80 33 · Fax 93 200 27 62 · [email protected]), o consulte en www.fitoterapia.net.
VOLUMEN 1
Nº 1. Usos terapéuticos del tomillo; La equinácea
purpúrea; Santolina chamaecyparissus; El hipérico
en el tratamiento de la depresión; El Ginkgo; Modus
operandi, Crema de drenaje linfático; Plantas y medicinas; Comunicaciones breves; Biblioteca.
Nº 2. Interés terapéutico de la sumidad de espino
blanco; Aplicaciones clínicas de la hoja de Ginkgo
biloba; El lapacho; El Pc-Spes, esperanza en el cáncer de próstata; Modus operandi: crema cicatrizante;
Hipérico: interacciones medicamentosas; Biblioteca.
Nº 3. Fitoestrógenos: Posibilidades terapéuticas; El
policosanol de la caña de azúcar, aplicaciones en las
hipercolesterolemias y riesgo vascular; Materias primas para la industria de productos fitofarmacéuticos;
Modus operandi: crema gel antiinflamatoria tópico;
Constitución de la Sociedad Española de Fitoterapia;
Nefropatía irreversible por utilización de especies de
Aristolochia spp.; Biblioteca.
Nº 4. Gel de áloe; La hoja de Gymnema sylvestre:
¿droga hipoglucemiante?; el mate; Las primeras noticias médicas sobre el uso médico del tabaco; Modus
operandi: gel para rosácea; Proyecto de Real Decreto
por el que se regulan los medicamentos a base de
plantas medicinales; Nuevo portal de Fitoterapia;
Biblioteca.
Volumen 2
Nº 1. El extracto lipídico de Sabal serrulata en el
tratamiento de la hiperplasia benigna de próstata;
Flavonoides y fitoterapia; ESCOP y el desarrollo de
la fitoterapia en Europa; Desarrollo de Medicamentos fitoterápicos a partir de plantas medicinales en
Guatemala; El entorno etnobotánico mediterráneo y
la fitoterapia; Aspectos terapéuticos de la Cimicifuga
racemosa; Utilización del Vitex agnus-castus en ginecología; Aceite de borraja como fuente de ácido gamma-linolénico: revisión; El fitoplancton como mediador de la disponibilidad iónica del agua de mar; Soja:
¿coadyuvante en dietas de adelga-zamiento?; Nuevas
perspectivas para el quimiotipo TOAF de Uncaria tomentosa (uña de gato); Comparación de los efectos
obtenidos en mujeres menopáusicas con diferentes
preparados comerciales a base de soja frente a terapia hormonal sustitutiva; Potencial terapéutico de
sangre de drago; Farmacología y clínica de Vaccinium
myrtillus; Protocolos de actuación farmacéutica en la
dispensación de la fitoterapia; Empleo de Rauwolfia
serpentina en la terapéutica psiquiátrica: aspectos
históricos; La AEMN en internet; Mesa redonda: La
formación y la divulgación de la fitoterapia. Retirada
de productos a base de Kava-kava; Biblioteca
Nº 2. La Fitoterapia: ¿una terapéutica para el tercer
milenio?; Ginseng; La corteza de sauce como analgésico y antirreumático; Actividad inmunomoduladora
de las plantas (I); ; Prohibición de uso del PC-Spes;
Condiciones especiales para la importación de anís
estrellado procedente de terceros países; Biblioteca.
Extra. 50 th Congress of the Society for Medicinal
Plant Research. Libro de ponencias del cogreso. 360
páginas.
Volumen 3
Nº 1. Uña de gato; Hierbaluisa; Efectividad de un
hidrolato de plantas medicinales en la mejoría de
diferentes trastornos de la micción; Vara de oro. Aspectos botánicos y terapéuticos; Actividad inmunomoduladora de las plantas; Fichas técnicas de Ginkgo
biloba y de Valeriana officinalis como integrantes de
especialidad farmacéutica publicitaria; Reseña del
50th Annual Congress of the Society for Medicinal
Plant Research; Biblioteca.
Nº 2. La hoja del guayabo en el tratamiento de afecciones gastrointestinales; Fitoterapia y diabetes;
Fruto del sauzgatillo (Vitex agnus-castus): de la droga
al medicamento; Bases farmacológicas y clínicas del
extracto de Vitis vinifera en patologías asociadas al
estrés oxidativo; Antocianos, colorantes naturales
de aplicación industrial; Fitoterapia. Vademécum de
prescripción; Biblioteca.
Volumen 4
Nº 1. La sumidad florida del espino blanco en terapéutica cardiovascular; Interés terapéutico de los
fitoestrógenos en ginecología: una revisión de las
evidencias; El uso del sen durante el embarazo y la
lactancia; Legislación en Iberoamérica sobre fitofármacos y productos naturales medicinales; Comunicaciones breves; Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo:
lista de plantas tóxicos; Directiva del Parlamento
Europeo y del Consejo sobre medicamentos tradicionales a base de plantas; Hemeroteca; Biblioteca.
Nº 2. Los extractos de Monascus purpureus en la
prevención y tratamiento de la aterosclerosis; Comercialización y conservación de especies vegetales
medicinales en Paraguay; Propiedades antioxidantes
del hidroxitirosol procedente de la hoja de olivo (Olea
europaea L.); Comunicaciones breves; Creación del
nuevo comité de medicamentos a base de plantas de
la EMEA; Hemeroteca; Biblioteca.
Volumen 5
Nº 1. Constituyentes fitoquímicos del arándano americano (Vaccinium macrocarpon) y sus beneficios para
la salud; Medicamentos a base de plantas en Europa:
situación y perspectivas de futuro; Estudio descriptivo de la dispensación de fitoterapia en la farmacia
catalana; Los productos naturales en la innovación
farmacológica; Lignanos (1): estructura y funciones
en las plantas; Modus operandi: gel antivaricoso;
Hemeroteca; Biblioteca.
Extra. El mestizaje cultural en etnofarmacología. Libro de ponencias del V Coloquio Europeo de
Etnofarmacología. 288 páginas.
Nº 2. Bases químicas y farmacológicas de la utilización de la sangre de drago; Los parámetros de seguridad en Fitoterapia; Lignanos (2): actividad farmacológica; Actividad de un licuado de Allium sativum (cultivar morado) frente a larvas L3 de Anisakis simplex
s.l.; Plantas usadas en la práctica etnoveterinaria en
el Nuorese (Cerdeña, Italia); Modus operandi: linimento oleocalcáreo; Hemeroteca; Biblioteca.
Volumen 6
Nº 1. Hipérico en el tratamiento de la depresión leve
a moderada: eficacia clínica y seguridad del extracto
WS®5570; Antihiperlipemiantes de origen vegetal;
Hoja de congorosa (Mayteni folium); Lignanos (3):
enterolignanos y actividad estrogénica; Plantas utilizadas en procesos inflamatorios y cancerosos en el
área del Caribe; Plantas medicinales en la medicina
tradicional de Navarra: primera aproximación; Hemeroteca; Biblioteca.
Nº 2. Futuro en la investigación en Fitoterapia: tendencias y retos; El aceite esencial de Melaleuca alternifolia en el tratamiento de la vulvovaginitis; Posible
hepatotoxicidad del rizoma de cimicífuga; Efecto antioxidante de un extracto de semilla de uva en pacientes diabéticos tipo 2; Manzanillas ibéricas: historia y
usos tradicionales; Especies medicinales y tóxicas del
género Lepechinia Willd. (Labiatae) en Venezuela; Estudio fitoquímico y evaluación del analgésico de Erica
scoparia L.; Actividades biológicas de Xenophyllum
poposum Phil. (Asteraceae), planta del altiplano chileno; Estudio de la actividad neuroprotectora de vinos
jóvenes monovarietales de la Comunidad de Madrid;
Volumen 7
Nº 1. El fruto de sauzgatillo en el tratamiento del
símdrome premenstrual; Efecto analgésico de un
extracto estandarizado de harpagofito; Proyecto de
atención primaria a base de fitomedicamentos en las
provincias argentinas de Misiones, Santa Fe y Buenos Aires “Cultivando Salud”; Revisión de la literatura sobre la toxicidad del sen; Actividad antioxidante
de plantas empleadas en la medicina tradicional
navarra; Nuevas herramientas de biología molecular
para el control de la calidad de las drogas vegetales;
Evaluación de la Revista de Fitoterapia según los
criterios de calidad de Latindex; Presente y futuro de
las plantas medicinales en España: libro blanco de
los herbolarios, de la Fundación Salud y Naturaleza;
Nº 2. Estudio clínico comparativo: gel de árnica frente
a gel de ibuprofeno en el tratamiento tópico de la osteoartritis de la mano; Aplicación de las tecnologías
ómicas a la Fitoterapia; Posibilidades terapéuticas
del bulbo de ajo (Allium sativum); Plantas empleadas
popularmente en el tratamiento de verrugas; Hemeroteca; Biblioteca.
Volumen 8
Nº 1. Evaluación de un preparado de Coriolus versicolor en pacientes con lesiones cervicales por papilomavirus; Helichrysum italicum, una planta mediterránea con potencial terapéutico; Maca (Lepidium peruvianum Chacón): composición química y propiedades
farmacológicas; Nicolás Monardes (1943?-1580): el
introductor de la flora medicinal americana en Europa; El Libro Blanco sobre el papel de la Fitoterapia en
el tratamiento de la menopausia en España; Algunas
reflexiones sobre cuestiones de seguridad de los
productos fitoterápicos chinos; Estudio toxicológico
y farmacológico de los extractos hidroalcohólicos
de algunas especies de Smilax de Centroamérica;
Comercialización de productos elaborados a partir de
plantas aromáticas y medicinales de cultivo ecológico en Cataluña; Comunicaciones breves; Hemeroteca;
Biblioteca.
Nº 2. Evaluación clínica de la eficacia aguda de un
preparado de valeriana y lúpulo en la mejora del
sueño; Fitoterapia y salud sexual; Exxenterol®, un
extracto con actividad hipolipemiante; Ganoderma
lucidum, un hongo con propiedades inmunoestimulantes; Evaluación de la eficacia y seguridad d
e
un preparado a base de lúpulo, equinácea, bardana
y vitamina E en el tratamiento oral del acné leve a
moderado; Uso medicinal de Atractylis gummifera en
Guadiana del Caudillo (Badajoz, España), toxicidad y
especies afines; Hemeroteca; Biblioteca.
Volumen 9
Nº 1. Interacções entre preparações à base de plantas medicinais e medicamentos; Interés de la flor de
hibisco en problemas cardiovasculares; Fitofarmacos
en el tratamiento de la insuficiencia venosa crónica;
El uso tradicional de las especies del género Dioscorea; Hemeroteca; Biblioteca.
Extra. Libro de Resúmenes del 2º Congreso Iberoamericano de Fitoterapia. 184 páginas.
Nº 2. El uso de las isoflavonas para el alivio de los
síntomas vegetativos de la menopausia: una revisión
de las evidencias; Actividad de un extracto de equinácea purpúrea frente a los virus de la influenza H1N1,
H5N1 y H7N7; A raiz de pelargónio; Aspectos botánicos y farmacológicos del género Sideritis; Diterpenos
en inflamación: las Labiadas como paradigma; Grupo
de medicina tradicional totonaca Tuwan. Su aporte a
la atención de la salud en el municipio de Zozocolco
de Hidalgo, Veracruz (México); Hemeroteca; Biblioteca.
Volumen 10
Nº 1. Arándano americano (Vaccinium macrocarpon):
conclusiones de la investigación y de la evidencia
clínica; Bayas de Goji (Lycium barbarum L.): aspectos
farmacológicos y de eficacia; Os óleos essenciais
como agentes anti-parasitários; Efectos del zumo de
alcachofa en el tratamiento de las molestias digestivas. Resultados de un estudio observacional; Análisis
de la pervivencia, difusión y productividad de la Revista de Fitoterapia; Hemeroteca; Biblioteca.
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