Spanish Language and Culture Unidad 10 - ¡Buen Viaje!
Transcripción
Spanish Language and Culture Unidad 10 - ¡Buen Viaje!
Nombre:__________________________________________Clase:__________Fecha:______________________ Spanish Language and Culture Unidad 10 - ¡Buen Viaje! Guía de estudios Spanish Language and Culture - Unidad 10 ¡Buen Viaje! 1 de 9 Nombre:__________________________________________Clase:__________Fecha:______________________ Spanish Language and Culture - Unidad 10 ¡Buen Viaje! 2 de 9 Nombre:__________________________________________Clase:__________Fecha:______________________ Spanish Language and Culture - Unidad 10 ¡Buen Viaje! 3 de 9 Nombre:__________________________________________Clase:__________Fecha:______________________ A. El futuro Fature: Forms vo hablard vender6 vivir6 ir6 -6 rf hablards venderds viviri{s irds -ris 61,ella, Ud. hablarr{ venderd vivir:1 tra -a nosotros hablaremos venoeremos viviremos iremos -emos v0sotros hablar6is venderdis vivir6is lrers -ets ellos, ellas,Uds. hablardn venderdn Ylvlran iriin -r{n In Spanishthe future is a simple tense consistingof one word. It is formed as follows: -+ All verbs have the same set of future endings. -+ For most verbs, the future stem is the infinitive. -> Verbs that have an accent mark in the infinitive lose this accent mark in the future. oir --+ oir6 -> reir -+ reir6 A few verbs have irregularfuture stems.Note that all future stems end in the consonantr. exdvtFion "No temasal futuro" ' INT'iNITIVE 294 Unldad FUTURE STEM lO INFINITIVE FUTURE STEM poder podr- decir dir- poner pondr- hacer har- salir saldr- querer querr- tener tendr- haber (hay) habr- (habr6) venir vendr- saber sabr- Uses The future tense is generally used to describe events that x,i11(or will not) happen some time in the future. Llegaremos a la una. Spanish Language al andaeropuerto Culture - Unidad 10 ¡Buen Viaje! We will arrive at the airport at one. El avi6n no har6 escala en Montevideo. 1,Cu6ndosaldrii el tren? Me ir6 a las dos. 4 de 9 The plane will not mske a stop in Montevideo. When will the train leave: I will lesve at tx'o o'clock. salir saldr- querer querr- tener tendrhaber (hay) habr- (habr6) Nombre:__________________________________________Clase:__________Fecha:______________________ venir vendrsaber sabr- Uses The future tense is generally used to describe events that x,i11(or will not) happen some time in the future. Llegaremos al aeropuerto a la una. El avi6n no har6 escala en Montevideo. 1,Cu6ndosaldrii el tren? Me ir6 a las dos. -+ We will arrive at the airport at one. The plane will not mske a stop in Montevideo. When will the train leave: I will lesve at tx'o o'clock. In Spanish,as in English,the future is used to expressthe result of a suppositionwhich concernsthe future. It describeswhat n,i// happenif a certainconditionis met. Si el autobrisno llesa. tomaremos un taxi. If the bus doesn't come, we will take a taxi. The future is sometimesused to wonder about or expressa guess concerningthe present.This is calledthe FUTURE oF pRoBABrLrry. 6Qud hora serd? Ser6n las tres. I wonder what time it is. It is probably (it must be) three o'clock. q,D6ndeestar6 Paco? Estard en la sala de espera. I wonder u'here Pttctt i.s. He is probably (he must be) in the v,aiting room. Nadie estardmds en demanda en los prdximos 20 afrosque los Programadores de computadoras. Estructurasgramaticates Spanish Language and Culture - Unidad 10 ¡Buen Viaje! 295 5 de 9 Nombre:__________________________________________Clase:__________Fecha:______________________ B. El condicional Conditional: Forms yo hrblarfa viviria rrta vendria -ia ' hablarias vrvlrras irias vendrfas -ias 6l,rella, Ud. hablarfa Ylvlrta lrla vendria -ia nosotros hablariamos vtvtrtamos iriamos vendriamos -iamos uo*otros , ' elio$,ellas,.,Uds. hablariais vlvlnals iriais vendrfais -iais hablarian yivirian irian vendrian -ian tri In Spanish,the conditional is a simple tense consistingof one word. It is formed accordingto the pattern: The conditionalendingsare the samefor all'verbs. verbs which are irregularin the future have the sameirreeularstem in the conditional. Uses The conditional is often used to express what would (or wourd not) I I happenif a certainconditionwere met. Con m6s dinero, comprariaun billete de primera clase. En tu lugar, me abrochariael cintur6n. -r' In such sentences,the condition is often expressedby si * imperfect subjunctive (seepage368). Si estuvi6ramos de vacaciones, viajariamos. 298 With more money(but I don't have any more), I wouldbuy afirst class ticket. In your place (but I am not in your place), I wouldfastenmy seat belt. If we were on vacation (but we are not). we would trsvel. The conditional is used to make polite requests with verbs such as Unidad ro gustar, poder, and deber. Me gustaria alquilar un coche. l,Podria Ud. reservarme un billete para el 10? Deberias confirmar la reservaci6n antes de ir al aeropuerto. I would like to rent a cor. Could you reserve a ticket for me for the l}th? You should confirm your reservation before going to the airport. The conditional is also used to describe future events in relation to a point of reference in the past. This usage occurs frequently in (such as decir, declarar, when the verb speech declarative Spanishindirect Language and Culture - Unidad 10 ¡Buen Viaje! anunciar, responder) is in a past tense. Compare the use of tenses in the sentencesbelow and note how Spanish and English usage is similar. 6 de 9 Me gustaria alquilar un coche. I would like to rent a cor. para reservarme Could you reserve a ticket for me for Ud. un billete l,Podria el 10? the l}th? Nombre:__________________________________________Clase:__________Fecha:______________________ Deberias confirmar la reservaci6n antes You should confirm your reservation de ir al aeropuerto. before going to the airport. The conditional is also used to describe future events in relation to a point of reference in the past. This usage occurs frequently in indirect speech when the declarative verb (such as decir, declarar, anunciar, responder) is in a past tense. Compare the use of tenses in the sentencesbelow and note how Spanish and English usage is similar. Se anunciaque el avi6n llegard con retraso. Se anunci6que el avi6n llegariacon relraso. They are announcing that the pLane will srrive late. They announced that the plane would qrrive late. After a declarativeverb, future events are expressed according to the following sequenceof tenses: present future past (preterite, imperfect, etc.) -+ conditional The conditionalis used to wonder or expressa guessabout the nast. This is calledthe coNntrtoNAloF pRoBABILIry. 1,Qu6hora seria? Serianlas seis y media. I wonder what time it wus. It was probably half past six. ;D6nde estariaCatalina? Estaria en la oficina de informaci6n. I wonder wltere Catalina was. She wasprobably at the information ffice. Estructurasgramaticales Spanish Language and Culture - Unidad 10 ¡Buen Viaje! 299 7 de 9 Nombre:__________________________________________Clase:__________Fecha:______________________ C. El pluscuamperfecto Pluperfect:Forms yo habia hablado nosotros habfamoshablado t( habias hablado vosotros habiais hablado 61, ella, Ud. habia hablado ellos, ellas, Uds. habian hablado The pluperfect is a compoundtense that is formed as follows: i#$+ib.$+ii+.+ihi,,] NNy BALEARES Uses La gran evasirin. Mallorca:<€ncontr6 todo1oquesiemprehabfabuscado>. I In Spanishas in English,the pluperfectis used to describewhat had I happenedbeforeanotherpast event or point of time in the past. Este verano fuimos a Espafla. -> Nunca antes habiamos ido al extranjero. This summer we went to Spain. We had never gone abroad before. Ayer recogi los pasajesque habia reservadola semanapasada. Yesterday I picked up the tickets that I had resemed last week. Cuando Carlos lleg6 a la estaci6n, el tren ya habia salido. When Carlos arrived at the station, the train had already left. In Spanishas in English, the pluperfect is used in indirect speech when the declarativeverb is in the past tenseand referenceis made to a previous past action. Compare the sequenceof tensesin the following examples: El altoparlanteanunciaque el avi6n de Quito ha llegado. El altoparlanteanunci6que el avi6n de Quito habia llegado. tO2 The loudspeakeris announcingthat the plane from Quito has anived. The loudspeakerannouncedthat the plane from Quito had qrrived. unidad ro Spanish Language and Culture - Unidad 10 ¡Buen Viaje! 8 de 9 Nombre:__________________________________________Clase:__________Fecha:______________________ D. El futuro perfecto Future perfect: Forms yo habr6 hablado nosotros habremoshablado tri habrds hablado vosotros habr€is hablado 61, ella, Ud. hatrrr{ hablado ellos, ellas,Uds. habrdn hablado The future perfect is formed as follows: Uses I In Spanishas in Englishthe future perfectis used to expresswhat will have happenedby a certainpoint in time. *> El avi6n aterrizard pronto. El avi6n habrd aterrizadodentro de una hora. The plane will land soon. The plane will huve landed within one hour. Los m6dicosdescubrir dnuna cura para el c6ncer. Habrrin descubier toesta cura para el aflo 2000. The doctors will discover a cure for cancer. They will have discovered this cure by the year 2000. The future perfect is sometime sused to expressa guessor a suppositio nabout what may have happenedin the past. Andrds lleg6 con retraso. Habrd perdido el autobris. Andrds qrrived late. He must have (He may have, He probabty) missed the bus. Spanish Language and Culture - Unidad 10 ¡Buen Viaje! 9 de 9