Diarrhoeal Diseases Control - Examples of Health Education Materials

Diarrhoeal Diseases Control - Examples of Health Education Materials

W
- --
- ---
Diseases t o
EXAMPLES OF
HEALTH
EDUCATION
The major strategies for the treatment and prevention of
diarrhoea1 diseases being promoted are:
treatment of dehydration
with oral rehydration therapy,
proper feeding before and
after diarrhoea episodes.
0
Clinical management
-
0
Maternal and child care
-
Water supply and sanitation
- correct use and maintenance
breastfeeding, appropriate
weaning foods, personal and
domestic hygiene.
of f a c ~ l ~ t ~ e s .
0
Epidemic control
-
prompt detection and control
to reduce incidence.
Introduction
Health education plays a vital role In community acceptance of d~arrhoealdiseases
control programmes.
This collection of health education materials from all over the world shows how
different groups have tried to transmit messages related to the treatment and
prevention of diarrhoeal diseases. Some explanations of content are included but
otherwise the materials speak for themselves.
Many of these examples have been produced locally without access to sophisticated printing/production facilities. Their content and presentation may not be
appropriate in everyone's particular circumstances. However, it is hoped they will
give some idea of the range of material that can be developed -even with limited
resources.
Points to remember when developing materials:
1 . Determine clearly the target audience. This will affect all aspects of the content
and presentation of the material.
2. Be as concise as possible. Posters particularly should not try to convey more
than one message.
3. Materials should be as relevant as possible to the particular area where they will
be used. The more a community can ~dentifywiththeir appearance and content,
the greater the chance that messages will be understood and acted on.
4. Always pre-test health education materials before wide distribution
5. Once materials are being used on a widespread basis, try to evaluate their
impact.
Guidance for the technical content of such materials may be found
in WHO documents:
Gu~delinesfor the Trainers of Community Health Workers on the Treatment and
Prevention of Acute Diarrhoea
A Manual for the Treatment of Acute Diarrhoea
Guidelines for Cholera Control
Examples of similar health education materials related to the control of diarrhoeal
diseases would be gratefully received by the CDD Programme.
Contents
Flash cards
/
CUIDADO CON LA DIARREA
CONSULTE ENSEGUIDA AL MEDICO
SIN HACPR CASO DE CONSEJOS D€' OTRAS PERSONAS
0 SIN INTENTAR REMEDIOS CASEROS
0 SIN PERDIDA DE TIEMPO
0
ARGENTINA :
"Beware of diarrhoea. Take your child to the doctor immediately"
.
GAZA :
Everything needs water to stay alive.
I ESTAS
HONDURAS:
SENALES, LEVEL0 M SEGUIDA AL CENTRO DE SAWD.
"Signs of dehydration ... if your baby shows two or more of these signs,
take him to a health centre immediately".
LA REHIDRATACIONORAL
CON LITROSOL
HONDURAS:
Guide to oral rehydration therapy for health workers.
*
k
14
W-
r
L - U A-w . . d . l v
PROGRAMA DE LUCHA
CONTRA LAS DIARREAS
COLOMBIA:
Promotion of Oral Rehydration Salts for treating dehydration.
l
I
CURANDOLE A
TIEMPO
LA DIARREA
'
VENEZUELA:
Signs of dehydration and treatment with Oral Rehydration Salts.
It takes away their
body water and body salts.
Diarrhoea dries
out babies' bodies.
It can be very serious
for your baby
THE SIGNS OF WEAKNESS
n
Sunken eyes
Thirst
I
m
-4
. Loss of weight
/
Mow to treat the weakness
Give Oralite to replace lost
body water and body salts.
ralite as
ea starts.
.hoes stops.
BEECHAM PROPRIETARIES:
'
flFjjpfh
I
,
C.
l
Promotion of "Oralite" in Kenya by a commercial manufacturer
of Oral Rehydration Salts.
E
nsn?
UseI SCILVCIDORCI 10 sol
w eb salvo a los nliios.
Se lreport6 gratls
en 10s Centros de Solud.
Lo diarreo produce desfiidrotaclon
Y
La desfiidrotacion produce la muerte
1 Vle?a
2
el contenido de SALVADORA en
u n htro o cuatro tazas de agua.
PERU:
3 DBle el
preparado despuds de cada d ~ a -
rrea.
4 S1 el mlno vomlta cuando se le esr6 dando
la rnezcle.espere 15 rnlnutos y slGa adrnln l s t r h d o l e SALVADORA S ! al I ~ I Odel
tratarnlento el nlrio ttene d~arreasrnhs frecuentes se debe a que est.4 reclblend0
rnAs agua.
Revuelva la rnezcla. No le agregue azucar.
5 DBle al niiio leche rnaterna y su alirnento
'
[
-
habitual seadn horario v cantidadns
- - - - - da
costurnbre i d e r n b s ~ d i l e ' a g u a sola. h e w da y t ~ b ~
segdn
a
10s deseos del n ~ A o
6 NO olvide
llevar al nifio al CENTRO DE
SA1 !In rnAe ear.-nnn
C"."
~ n
'"
m r m l"'
-I
dla siguiente;oantes,si notaque empeora.
Treatment of dehydration with "Salvadora" Oral Rehydration Salts.
l
HONDURAS:
Treatment of dehydration at home with "Litrosol" Oral Rehydration Salts.
INDONESIA :
Treatment-of
t
JORDAN:
Series of posters on better infant nutrition.
A. 6 weeks to 13 months.
C: 15 months to 18 months.
'
B. 8 months to 1 1 months.
D. One year old.
JORDAN :
Promotion of personal hygiene.
USSR:
"Wash fruit and vegetables. Fruit and vegetables may be contaminated with bacteria and
parasites which cause diarrhoea."
JORDAN:
Promotion of careful washing of fruit and vegetables to prevent diarrhoea.
CHINA (SHANXI PROVINCE):
Promotion of washing of
fruit before eating it.
'IRAQ:
The dangers of poor food hygiene.
" T ~ F number
of water taps per 1,000 persons is a better indication
of health than the number of hosp~talbedsy'
---~-S--
H
I
WHO:
Promotion of clean, accessible water supplies.
--
l
JORDAN:
"Water which may appear clean is not always safe to drink. 8oil it if you are in
doubt."
-CHINA (SHANXI PROVINCE):
Protect the water supply from contamination.
Hollow blocks, adobe or firebricks
HORIZCUTALDRUM
I
ELEVATED DRUM
CONTAINER PREPARATION
h:' .
"
I
PIT PREPARATION
FLOOR PREPARATION
Use Sawali or banana
leaves to hold cement
EVERY HOME
BASIC QUALITIES
OF A STANDARD
TOILET SITE:
1.n s H w L D BE LOCATED
AT LEAST 30 METERS
CWAV FROM THE SOURCE
OF WATER USED FOR
1 ITS LEVEL SHOULD
BE MUCH LOWER
rnlw rnrr OF r n a
SOURCE OF WATER.
.LL MEASUREMENTS
ARE SUGGESTFDONLV
l
'
. ,
FT$c-
,
.
-.
,,
"
',*.
'2 FT.''~'
DRUM OR CULVERT
'I
CEMENT
BAMBOO PIT LININGS
BOWL & VENT INSTALLATION
R
SIMGLE M U M
PHILIPPINES :
WUBLEDRUU
Series on toilet construction.
.a6eq~e6pue sleuJ!ue 'lal!o1 ' p n ay16u!uo!ysod
uayM Jaqoue auo pue asnoy ay1 uaanniaq palaadsa~aq 01 samemp Lunw!u!yy
:H S S ~
CHINA (SHANXI PROVINCE) :
Promotion of environmental
sanitation.
NEPAL:
Promotion of environmental sanitation.
ED WATER
'ZAMBIA:
Promotion of drinking boiled water in the fight against cholera.
USSR:
How the boy "Unknowledge" got diarrhoea. He ate unwashed berries, drank unboiled
water, and wound up in the hospital.
PENYAKIT
INDONESIA :
Prevention of diarrhoea.
INDIA:
Teaching cards on the treatment and prevention of diarrhoea (Samples from the set).
COLUMBIA :
Examples from a presentation for use by health workers in a small group. A tape cassette provides
lively narration and music while the health worker turns the pages and emphasizes points.
MEXICO:
Promotion of the use of "Oralyte" Oral Rehydration Salts at home (16 pages).
CUANDO SE M B E
COMENZAR LA LACTANCIA
MATERNA
La forma m& rmtural, en que se
alimentan 10s nifioa ss la al~rnentaldn
del pecho de la d r e por eeto se de
be comenzar a dar de mamar dnl60 inmed~stamente&pu& de nacer. Esto permite :
ESTABLECE
UN ADECUACC VIPCU L 0
P61COL001CO ENTRE
MADRE E HlJO
RECOMENWIONES
PARA PROTEGER LA S4LW
DEL
NIRO
1) 5mng l i m M p a l m antes y despu.
de
demerrsr.
2) Noqetoqus l o a p z a n s r m b s d . d s
5UCIOS.
3)
Ismnoe,cca bys y jabdn
cads w z que de dP mamer.
heae
4) Mantmqa
51
.
u b s c ~ t y alirnpias.
- Que la leche baje m& ripido.
- Dkminucidn de sangrado en
L
el puerperio
- La m a t r ~ zvuelve mu's rdpido a su tamafb normal
La mejor manera de producir
mucha leche es ~oniendoa r m m ~
al nifio. No le de pachas a menos de que sea absobtamente
vtecesetrio y SIlo hsce que sea
despuds de que haya mamado.
M ienfras mds se le plde al p e cho, m& produce. Asi nunca e
le secard la leche
SUI
EM1
LA I
*
ALl l
845
Q\
LLA'
R ECORDEMOS
+
Toda rnujer estd apta pare d w &a mmw a su hGo. por lo que debe preparsne pam este terea k d s que
m b ernbarezada.
*
*
El "(60 altmcntado a\
de dlarne y
mma
&&
reapmtma.
o aufre
La rradve que dd & nvlnmr debe to
mar UM al~menteudnque la a udea
m e p r a r la calldad de su
leek
# La bche &m
no cues* rada. no
t ~ e n emivobios. siempre esti hsta
pars slmentw al n i k .
t
La k t a n c i a awrcs mds h afcctividsd
e d r s msdre y nir7o.
Nicaragua. Ubre
LAVESE L%
MACON
PGUA Y JABON
ANTES C€
DE M A M A R
LlMPlE
CUlCAC05AMENTE
SUS PECHOS
CON F U A
F " c S F Z!E'. l;li '~'i'ili
reSP'UE 'L'BQ~
','E;rTE r
O u t EL P E W 2 NO LE
$40 M 10 A l 5 MINUTOS
EN CADA PECHO.
NIENDO SU CABE=p,
EN EL BRA-
FlNALlZO CON
UN E C H O C m -
ESTO % E M
;
HAR%LL
CON CAAIFO,MIENTRAS
M A M E ARRUYELO.
TAN PRONTO EL
N 160
W E C E Y LA
LECME DEL
f
- .,
CnoDEiA
MADRE FLUYE
AL
:+mn
EL NlNO E L
PEZON
MSPVES SE LE DA DE
M A M A R EL OTRO PECHO
BEWARE OF CHOLERA
PREVENT CHOLERA
HLOKOMELA LEFU LA CHOLERA
THIBELA LEFU LA CHOLERA
Drinking water is t h e main
source o f Cholera infection.
The germs responsible f o r
Cholera are found i n t h e
stools o f human beings.
Because o f lack o f hygiene
these germs get i n t o t h e
drinking water.
1 . Use only boiled.
clean or treated
water.
1. Sebedisa
f eela
metsi a bedisitsweng. a h l w e kileng kapa
a sebeditsweng.
A f t e r drinking o r handling
this water, t h e p a t i e n t
develops a large number of
liquid stools.
Because of
severe fluid loss shock and
also death can occur.
TO PREVENT CHOLERA:
M e t S i a nowang ke sona
s e s o s a se s e h o l o sa
tshwaetso ya cholera. Dikokwana-hloko t S e j a r a n g
cholera di fumanwa m a n t leng a batho. Ka baka la
tlhokeho ya bophelo bo
hlwekileng dikokwana-hloko
tsena d i kena metsing a
nowang.
Kamora hore a n w e kapa a
tshware metsi ana, mokudi
o ba le mantle a m e t s i
(letshollo). Ka baka la ho
lahlehelwa ho hoholo, h w a
mekedikedi mmeleng,
mokudi a ka t l e l w a ke ho
tshoha kapa a shwa.
H 0 THIBELA CHOLERA:
Eng I S SothO
G P b 1980
SOUTH AFRICA :
2. Wash your hands
before handling
food
2 Hlatswa n i a t soho pele o
tshwara dmjo.
3. Wash r a w f o o d
w i t h clean or
treated water.
3. Hlatswa dijo tme
tala ha metmi a
hlwekileng kapa
a rebeditrweng.
4. Ume a toilet or a
proper place far
from
wells.
rivers
and
streams, and not
t h e open field.
4. lthomele n t l w a neng kapa tulong
e nngwe e hole
le didiba, dinoka
le
melatswana
empa eseng lepalapaleng feela.
Prevention of cholera through clean drinking water, better domestic hygiene
and improved sanitation.
Come 8e prodmce?
Came r e reernreet
RECUERDE
ECUADOR:
Treatment and prevention of diarrhoea (8 pages).
-l
SUDAN:
Treatment and prevention of diarrhoea (17 pages).
PERU :
Treatment and prevention of diarrhoea1 diseases (1 2 pages).
POR QUE L A DIARREA ES PELlGROSA)
I
-
Porque con la
'diarrea' el nirio
~ i e r d emucha
DESHIDRATACION
y puede ocasiomr
la MUERTE
del niiio.
i NO ESPERES!
.-
puede ser
demasiado tarde!
L A DIAPQEA?
10s microbios
'
Lava bien tus
rnanos, rus u b s .
\
La llmpleza ss la prlmera
...y tus pezones
.
anres de dare1 pecho al be&.
Ldvate clespds de carnbiarle 5us pdridles.
,
iCUlDAD0
Ouo este
Lava el chupdn wr
antra y por Fuers
CON EL BIBERON!
detensa contra la enfennedad
No pennlta qw la dlarrea
ponga en pellgro la
salud de sus hijos.
Ara:,r;rr el
-
-C
bhp
&
e 'h*'
?S gY(
obk
dtuutr las p e . p l ~ i .
nibs S. w+rman
de h a ?
sm &ferutTes hr dw en @ vhrn
d o s *?.OS
7
2
NICARAGUA:
Causes of diafrhoea and how to prevent it (sample pages).
Serie de conseils loratiaues
Faire passer un message
Un programme d'education sanitaire qui se veut efficace a
I'echelon national ou local doit utiliser plusieurs faqons pour
faire passer son message. Des posters, des marionnettes,
des bandes dessinees, de simples tracts et mgme la prestidigitation ne sont que quelques-unes des methodes qui peuvent etre utilisees pour transmettre des messages sanitaires
de base. En ce qui concerne la rehydratation-orale, fournir
des sachets de sels de rehvdratation ou des cuilleres de
mesure sans le mode d'emploi approprie peut faire plus de
mal que de bien. Cette page montre trois moyens faciles de
parler aux gens de la rbhydratation.
PIATA
PIATA-Mexico a mis au point une
brochure sur les sels de retrydratation
orale qui sont utilises dans le Programme Je SantC National. Elle a CtC
tesree dans des zones mralcs, surtout
p r m i des femmes illett&s. Elle est U&
lis&epar le personnel de sant6 auxiliaire
pour expbquer aux rntres la facon de
prGprircr la solution. quand la donner,
c l combien de fois. O n insiste beaucoup sur I'imprtance de conrinuer &
allairer I'enfant pendant le trailement.
Bandes dessinees
Le profeweur C.Y. Chen de In facult& de Mgdecine de l'Univerrit6 de.
Mnlairic. ;I; ~ d ; ~ pI'hi\roirs
li
d'Ahdul er
Seri de Jon Rohde p u r e n faire UI illuslr2 local. L ' h ~ \ w i r cmonlre cornmeor
dec fr>re\ er ccwrs plus 'igc's er des
grand+pnrcnrr pcubelir t o w participer
Iorsque de\ memhres pluc jeunec de la
famillc doivenr &re soipnCs pour unc
diarrhCe. I.'hi,roire a acrrsiCtC adaptCe
cn monrapc audio-visuel utilisable en ,.-'2
'-I::----.--=---=--=
blalairie.
Abdul er Seri.
=z
sur lee maladies couranres produir par
le Programa Promotores de Salud de
Des brochures
locales
Norre dccrin qui monrre la fason de
melancer la solurion de rehydraration
oralc provienr d'un cours L'ICmenraire
4
-
m m
TAT.\ OE ~(;l'\
HERVD
I.I
rB
Huehuelcnanpo.
Guaremala.
prime
conrient aus*i
dcc conceilsL'impraliquec sur lee infcctionc respiraroires
rf pasrriques et un d o 4 e r qui serr it
enrcgiqrrcr I'Crat de w n r i d " patient,
I,--I~~RAD~ C R ~ S D E
Y4S 1.A CAMIDAD DE
%%l.
QLW SE PLZDE
IE V 4 M A R EN J DEDOS.
DE AILCAR.
\UP
W
DesGn de IPbrochure du PlATA qui
transniet de bqon comprehensible le
mrsage de In &hydratation orde.
Un exemplaire de la brochure est
donnC aux rncres ainsi qu'un paquet de
sels ds rShydralnfion orale er elle sert
de rappel aux inetrucrions verbales
donnie.
version de
parla ahrochure
g e n t saniraire.
de la meme
une
taille que les paquets de sels de rChydraratiun oralr est maintenant d i s ~ o nihle. Si vous sot~hai~ezobrenir
davant a w J, renseicnemenrs sur ie dcsiin.
lee ecsnir ou Iqadapl:~tion
de ce materiel, veudlez conracrer PlATA (Pro-
6 Dlarrhbe-Dlalogue numero 3 novembre 1981 Publ~cat~on
lrlrneslr~ellepar AHRTAG. B5 Maylebone Hlgh Street. London WIM ?OE
DIARRHOEA DIALOGUE (SENEGAL):
Different ways of promoting health education messages
(Sample page).
BHUTAN:
Examples from a locally produced slide set on treatment and prevention of diarrhoea.
Examples from a slide set on clinical management of diarrhoea.
Other sources of information on health education materials:
Appropriate Health Resources and
Technologies Action Group Ltd
(AHRTAG)
85, Marylebone High
Street,
London WIM 3DE.
United Kingdom.
British Life Assurance Trust (BLAT)
Centre for Health
and Medical Education
BMA House, Tavistock
Square,
London WC 1H 9JP,
United Kingdom.
British Council
Media Group,
10 Spring Gardens,
London S W l A 2 BN,
United Kingdom.
Development Education Officer
UNICEF
Office for Europe
Palais des Nat~ons
12 1 1 Geneva l 0
Switzerland
Teaching Aids at Low Cost (TALC)
Tropical Chdd Health Un~t,
Institute of Ch~ldHealth,
30 Guilford Street,
London WC 1 N 1 EH,
United Kingdom.
Bureau d'Etudes et de Recherches
pour la Promotion de la Santb
BP 1977,
Kangu-Mayombe,
Zaire.
Hesperian Foundation
Box 1692,
Palo Alto, Ca 94302,
U.S.A.
PlACT de Mexico
Shakespeare no. 27,
Mexico 5, DF,
Mexico
Voluntary Health Association of India
(VHAI)
C1 4 Commun~tyCentre,
Safdarjung Development
Area,
New Delhi 1 10 0 1 6,
India.
For further information or additional copies contact:
Diarrhoea1 Diseases Control Programme
Programme Manager
World Health Organization
Ch - 121 1 Geneva 27
Organisat~onmondlale de la Sant6
Bureau regional de I'Afrique
Boite postale 6
Brazzaville
Congo
World Heakh Organization
Regional Office for the Americas
Pan American Sanitary Bureau
525, 23rd Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 2 0 0 3 7
Unrted States of America
World Health Organization
Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean
P.O. Box 15 1 7
Aexandrla
Egypt
World Health Organization
Regional Office for Europe
8, Scherfigsvej
DK - 2 1 0 0 Copenhagen 0
World Health Organization
Regional Office for South-East Asia
World Health House
lndraprastha Estate
Mahatma Gandhi Road
New Delhl - 1 1 0 0 0 2
India
World Health Organization
Regional Office for the Western Pacific
P.O. Box 2932
1 2 1 15 Man~la
Philippines